Hindko and Gujari. c - SIL International

1.2 Language Classification ............................................................. 93
1.3 Historical Background of Gujars................................................ 94
1.4 Population .................................................................................. 96
1.5 Gujar Ways of Life..................................................................... 98
1.6 Socioeconomic Status of Gujars................................................. 99
1.7 Language Maintenance............................................................. 100
1.8 Development and Promotion of Gujari..................................... 100
1.9 Outline of Present Research ..................................................... 102
2. Dialects of Gujari............................................................................ 103
2.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 103
2.2 Lexical Similarity..................................................................... 104
2.3 Comprehension of Recorded Speech........................................ 117
2.4 Dialect Opinions in Reference to Recorded Texts.................... 122
2.5 Indications of Dialect Intelligibility Patterns and Directions for
Future Research...................................................................... 126
3. Profiles of Two Gujar Communities............................................... 129
3.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 129
3.2 Methodology ............................................................................ 129
3.3 Peshmal .................................................................................... 130
3.4 Mittikot..................................................................................... 135
3.5 Summary .................................................................................. 143
4. Multilingualism in Two Gujar Communities.................................. 145
4.1 Introduction.............................................................................. 145
4.2 Multilingualism in Peshmal...................................................... 147
4.3 Multilingualism in Mittikot ...................................................... 171
4.4 Comparative Patterns of Multilingualism in Peshmal and
Mittikot................................................................................... 186
Appendix A Methodologies ......................................................................... 197
A.1 Procedure for Counting Lexical Similarity.............................. 197
A.2 Recorded Text Testing ............................................................ 205
A.3 Sentence Repetition Testing .................................................... 209
Appendix B Hindko Survey Data................................................................ 211
B.1 Hindko Word Lists .................................................................. 211
B.2 Hindko Texts ........................................................................... 235
B.3 Hindko Survey Questionnaire (English Translations).............. 256
Appendix C Gujari Survey Data................................................................. 259
C.1 Gujari Word Lists .................................................................... 259
C.2 Gujari Texts............................................................................. 284
References for Hindko ................................................................................. 303
References for Gujari .................................................................................. 304