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A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON COMPREHENSION DISORDER 

OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC CHARACTER IN “A BEAUTIFUL MIND” 

MOVIE 

THESIS 

By: 

NURUL KASANAH 

NIM 05320007 

ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT 

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURE 

THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY 

MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM 

OF MALANG 

2010 

1

A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS ON COMPREHENSION DISORDER 

OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC CHARACTER IN “A BEAUTIFUL MIND” 

MOVIE 

THESIS 

Presented to 

The state Islamic University 

Mailana Malik Ibrahim of Malang 

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements 

For the Degree of SARJANA SASTRA (S.S) 

By: 

NURUL KASANAH 

NIM 05320007 

ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT 

FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURE 

THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY 

MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM 

OF MALANG 

2010 

2

Name : Nurul Kasanah 

NIM : 05320007 

CERTIFICATE OF THESIS AUTHORSHIP 

Address : Dsn. Ngrancang Rt. 01/Rw. IX Ds. Mantingan Kec. Mantingan 

Kab.Ngawi. 

Hereby, I certify that the thesis I wrote to fulfill the requirement for Sarjana 

Sastra (S.S) entitled A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Comprehension Disorder of the 

Schizophrenic Character in “A Beautiful Mind” Movie is truly my original work. It 

doesn’t incorporate any materials previously written or published by another person, 

except those indicated in quotations and bibliography. Due to the fact, I am the only 

person responsible for the thesis if there is any objection or claim from others. 

3 

Malang, 16 th April 2010 

Nurul Kasanah

APPROVAL SHEET 

This is to certify that Sarjana thesis written by Nurul Khasanah (05320007), 

entitled A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Comprehension Disorder of the 

Schizophrenic Character in “A Beautiful Mind” Movie has been approved by the 

thesis advisor for further approval by the Board of Examiners. 

4 


Approved by Acknowledged by 

Advisor, the Head of English Letters and 

Language Department, 

Hj. Rohmani Nur Indah M.Pd Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. 

NIP. 150327258 NIP 150289814 

The Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty, 

Drs. K.H. Chamzawi, M.Hi 

NIP 195108081984031100

LEGIMITATION SHEET 

This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis of Nurul Khasanah entitled “A 

Psycholinguistic Analysis on Comprehension Disorder of the Schizophrenic 

Character in “A Beautiful Mind” Movie; has been approved by the broad of 

examiners as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Humaniora (S1) in English 

Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities and Culture, The State 

Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang. 

5 


The Broad of Examiners Signatures 

Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed (Main Examiner) 

NIP 150 289 814 

Rina Sari, M.Pd (Chair of Examiner) 

NIP 150 377 937 

Hj. Rohmani Nur Indah, M.Pd (Secretary/Advisor) 

NIP 150 327 258 

Approved by 

Dean Faculty of Humanities and Culture 

Drs. K.H. Chamzawi, M.Hi 

NIP 195108081984031100

MOTTO 

It is only in the mysterious equations of love that 

any logical reasons can be found 

6 

By: John Nash

DEDICATION 

This thesis is dedicated to 

My beloved Father and Mother, 

Bapak Sidhin and Ibu Sumi 

For their endless great loves, cares, sacrifices, advices and pray. 

Without you, I’m nothing. May Allah bless you. Amiin. 

My beloved brother Chaerul Anwar 

Thanks for supports and spirits 

My beloved Pa2 

Thanks for loving, supporting and guiding me. 

All my teachers and lectures 

For their valuable knowledge and experiences 

Thanks for all you have done. 

My family in Ngawi 

Thanks for everything when we are together 

7

Bismillaahirrohmaanirohiim 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

All my praise is to Allah SWT, the most gracious and the merciful, also the 

one who always guides and blesses me. Therefore, I could finish my thesis entitled 

“A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Comprehension Disorder of the Main Character in 

“A Beautiful Mind” Movie” as well. Shalawat and Salam are also delivered to our 

prophet Muhamad SAW, who has been a good model in the overall of our life. 

I realize that my thesis compilations will never success without any 

interference from other people. Therefore, firstly, I would like to give my sincere 

gratitude to Prof. Dr. H. Imam Suprayogo, the Rector of UIN Maliki Malang; Drs. 

K.H. Chamzawi, M.Hi; the Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty; Galuh Nur 

Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed; the Head of English Letters and language department, and 

also my advisor Hj. Rohmani Nur Indah, M.Pd. thanks for the chance given to me to 

conduct my thesis. Thanks also for my advisor’s guidance, with your patient, critics, 

and great attention. You always give me constructive suggestion for my best result. 

Secondly, I would like to express my big thanks to all of English Letters and 

Language lecturers for being so kind, patient, and generous in introducing and 

leading me to the world of linguistics, literature, and anything about language with 

invaluable knowledge inputs. 

Furthermore, my sincere gratitude goes to the main actor of this thesis, John 

Nash, thanks for the film that inspired me to conduct this <strong>psycholinguistic</strong>s research. 

You have thought me patience and persistence through your life story. 

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Moreover, the biggest thanks for my beloved family, especially for my 

parents (Bapak Sidhin and Ibu Sumi) who always pray and support me on overall 

time and place, for my brother (Chaerul Anwar) there are so many love, supports, and 

sacrifices you all have given to reach my success. The greatest love and special thank 

for my beloved Pa2 who has introduced and taught me how to be more patient and 

struggle against problems with the way you are, thanks for everything. May Allah 

SWT always blesses us and arranges the most beautiful things for our lives. Amin. 

Finally, the researcher truly realized that this thesis still needs the constructive 

critics and suggestion from the readers in order to make it perfect and hopefully it can 

be useful for the readers, especially for the Language and Letters students. 

9 

Malang, April 2010 

The researcher

ABSTRACT 

Khasanah, Nurul. 2010. A Psycholinguistic Analysis on Comprehension Disorder of 

the Schizophrenic Character in “A Beautiful Mind” Movie. English 

Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities and Culture, 

the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang. 

Advisor: Hj. Rohmani Nur Indah, M, Pd 

Key Words : Comprehension Disorder, Schizophrenic’s Language 

This research focuses on analyzing comprehension disorder of the 

schizophrenic character in A Beautiful Mind movie. Language disorders or language 

impairments are disorders that involve the processing of linguistic information. 

Comprehension disorder is a language disability which causes impairment of both the 

understanding and the expression of language. People with schizophrenia disease 

often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing internal voices not heard by others, 

or believing that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or 

plotting to harm them. They have deficit in comprehension, production, attention and 

cerebral lateralization of language. 

The aim of this research is to get the understanding and detailed explanation 

about comprehension disorder used by the schizophrenic character of a Beautiful 

Mind movie. This research will give understanding the characteristic and type of 

comprehension disorder and the content causing used in comprehension disorder 

through movie dialogue. 

This research use qualitative descriptive which describe about language 

disorder and attempts to explore the application of sentence form as language 

disorder on language comprehension in schizophrenic utterances which are spoken by 

John Nash in several setting such as Princeton University, Wheeler lab, MIT campus 

and John Nash’s house. The data are analyzed firstly is conducting the data in each 

category, and second selecting the data into the kinds of comprehension disorder. 

Third is analyzing the data and sentences from each category more deeply. Fourth, 

the researcher describes how the language disorder done by main character of 

schizophrenic man in “A Beautiful Mind” movie. Finally, making conclusion from 

the result of <strong>analysis</strong> which gave detail description related to language disorder 

perspectives. 

The finding of this research shows that the schizophrenic character of a 

Beautiful Mind movie disordered in his language, especially in the language 

comprehension, his comprehension to be disordered because it influenced by his 

delusion and hallucination. In addition, not all type of comprehension disorder is used 

by the schizophrenic character. There are only nine types of comprehension disorder 

are used in the dialogues; they are derailment, flight of ideas, incoherence, irrelevant 

answer, blocking, retardation, perseveration, pressure of speech and circumstantiality. 

Three kinds of comprehension disorder which were not used by the schizophrenic 

character are clang association, neologism and word salad. 

The researcher hopes that this research can give a new contribution to the 

readers, especially the students who are interested in the understanding of the 

schizophrenic illness. 

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TABLE OF CONTENT 

TITLE SHEET ............................................................................................................... i 

CERTIFICATE OF THESIS AUTHORSHIP .............................................................ii 

APPROVAL SHEET ..................................................................................................iii 

LEGIMITATION SHEET .......................................................................................... iv 

MOTTO ....................................................................................................................... v 

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ vi 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .........................................................................................vii 

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ ix 

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................... x 

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 

1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1 

1.2 Research Problems ..................................................................................... 5 

1.3 Objectives of the Study .............................................................................. 5 

1.4 Significance of the Study ........................................................................... 5 

1.5 Scope and Limitation ................................................................................. 6 

1.6 Definition of the Key Term ........................................................................ 7 

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE 

2.1 Language and the Brain ............................................................................. 8 

2.2 Thought Disorder ..................................................................................... 10 

2.3 Language Disorder ................................................................................... 13 

2.4 Language Comprehension ........................................................................ 15 

2.5 Definition of Comprehension Disorder .................................................... 17 

2.6 Schizophrenia ........................................................................................... 21 

2.7 John Nash ................................................................................................. 26 

2.8 Previous Study ......................................................................................... 28 

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 

3.1 Research Design........................................................................................ 30 

3.2 Data and Data Sources ............................................................................. 30 

3.3 Research Instrument ................................................................................. 31 

3.4 Data Collection ......................................................................................... 31 

3.5 Data Analysis ........................................................................................... 32 

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 

4.1 Findings .................................................................................................... 33 

4.2 Discussion ................................................................................................ 46 

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 

5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 52 

5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................ 53 

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1.1. Background of the Study 

In the holy Al-Qur’an, Allah said: 

CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION 

 

 

“We have indeed created man in the best of moulds.” (Q. At-Tiin: 4) 

This verse tells that Allah created human being as the best creature than 

others. Allah privileged the human being than other creatures by giving them brain 

and mind to think. In other verse of holy Al-Qur’an, Allah said: 

 

 

 

 

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“Verily in this is a message for any that has a heart and understanding or who gives 

ear and earnestly witnesses (the truth).” (Q. Qaaf: 37) 

We can conclude that the verse above tells that Allah gave a heart, ear and 

mind for human being in order they can reach the truth without doubt. In this verse 

Allah clarified that people who use their heart, ear, and their mind propitiously will 

understand the messages and events in the world well. 

However Allah has created human being in the best of moulds, Allah also 

gave deficiency and imperfection. Therefore, there are some imperfect people who 

cannot use their mind well in this world for example schizophrenic people.

Schizophrenics cannot use their mind to understand the reality well because they have 

no master stroke or common sense. As the result, they have impairment on language 

and comprehension. 

Language disorders or language impairments are disorders that involve the 

processing of linguistic information. Problems that may be experienced can involve 

grammar (syntax and/or morphology), semantics (meaning), or other aspects of 

language. These problems may be receptive (involving impaired language 

comprehension), expressive (involving language production), or a combination of 

both. Language disorder refers to a language disability which causes the difficulties 

of understanding and expressing language. In this research, the researcher discusses 

about language disorder on language comprehension of schizophrenic. 

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that usually strikes in late adolescence or 

early adulthood, but can strike at any time in life. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, 

and disabling brain disease. People with schizophrenia disease often suffer terrifying 

symptoms, such as hearing internal voices not heard by others, or believing that other 

people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. 

Their speech and behavior can be so disorganized that they may be incomprehensible 

or frightening to others. They have deficit in comprehension, production, attention 

and cerebral lateralization of language. 

Actually abnormal people who have brain damage and thought disorder such 

as schizophrenic still need language for communication and interaction to express 

their feeling, idea, thought and what they want. In fact, an abnormal people with brain 

damage and thought disorder are difficult to communicate because they have 

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difficulties in language production and comprehension. Concerning with language 

production of schizophrenics, Carroll (1985: 295) stated that discourse production in 

schizophrenics differs significantly from normal production, but the interpretation of 

these differences is far from clear-cut. There are substantial cultural differences in the 

precise rules by which conversations are organized. As a consequence of these 

differences, it is possible for one to experience much difficulty “following” a speaker 

from another language even if the words and sentences are understood. This is inline 

with what stated by Rosenberg & Abbeduto (1982) who defined that the 

comprehension of schizophrenics appear to be roughly normal, but their productions 

show significant deficits. In fact, schizophrenics say strange things and say things in 

strange ways. Furthermore, Pavy (1968) noted that although the syntax of 

schizophrenic speakers appears to be within normal limits, the overall organization of 

discourse seems to be impaired and, in fact, appears to be random, haphazard, and 

pointless. 

From the definition above, it can be concluded that the language 

comprehension of schizophrenics is caused by their language production or language 

process which shows impairment. As Schneider (1930) claimed that there are five 

features of formal pattern language disorder, they are; derailment, substitutions, 

omission, fusion and driveling. However Nancy Andreasen (1979: 36) divided the 

pattern of language disorder into nineteen general types: Pressure of speech, 

Distractible speech, Tangentiality, Derailment/Loose Association, Incoherence (word 

salad), Illogicality, Clanging, Neologisms, Word approximations, Evasive 

Interaction, Circumstantiality , Loss of goal, Perseveration, Echolalia , Blocking, 

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Stilted speech, Self-reference, Phonemic par aphasia, Semantic par aphasia. In 

contrast Ginsberg (1985:2010) divided the pattern of language disorders into twelve 

types. There are; flight of ideas, clang associations, retardation, blocking, pressure of 

speech, perseveration, circumstantiality, neologism, word salad, incoherence, 

irrelevant answer, derailment. By using the types of language disorder thus may 

illuminate our understanding of the comprehension disorder. 

The movie entitled “A Beautiful Mind” is chosen as the object of the study 

because of some reasons: first, A beautiful Mind is one of the best seller movies 

which is adopted from real life of schizophrenic namely John Forbes Nash. Second, 

the movie tells about schizophrenic man’s life in Princeton, New Jersey and gives 

more information about schizophrenia disease. Third, the movie shows 

comprehension disorder produced by schizophrenic man “John Nash” the main 

character in this movie. For example, when the girl asks him a question in local bar 

“May be you want to buy me a drink?” he answers” I don’t exactly know what I’m 

required to say in order for you to have intercourse with me, but could we assume that 

I said all that? Essentially we’re talking about fluid exchange, right? So, could we just 

go straight to the sex?” This means that he has comprehension disorder because he 

cannot understand well what the girl means. The responds has based on the idea from 

his hallucination friend “Charles” not from his own idea. 

Schizophrenic’s comprehension disorder has not explored much. In the 

previous study, Istiqana (2006) conducts a study about speech disorder of a stuttered 

man aged 26 and Isroatul Mukminah’s study deals with speech disorder of a cerebral 

palsic man in “door to door” film. An <strong>analysis</strong> on the language disorder especially on 

16

language comprehension of schizophrenic is significant. This reasons motivated the 

researcher to conduct a study entitled “A Psycholinguistic Analysis on 

Comprehension Disorder of the Schizophrenic Character in “A beautiful Mind” 

Movie. 

1.2. Research Problem 

Concerning on the background of study above, the researcher formulates the 

following questions: 

1. What are the kinds of comprehension disorder suffered by schizophrenic? 

2. What are the contexts causing the comprehension disorder? 

1.3. Objective of the Study 

Related to the problems above, the objectives of this study is to give detailed 

explanation about the kind of comprehension disorder suffered by schizophrenic and 

the contexts causing the comprehension disorder. 

1.4. Significance of the Study 

The result of the study is expected to be able to enrich the teaching and 

learning <strong>psycholinguistic</strong>s theoretically and practically. 

Theoretically, the result of the study is expected to give more information 

about comprehension disorder caused by brain damage or psychological aspect, 

especially caused by schizophrenia syndrome. 

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Practically, it is expected to be useful for <strong>psycholinguistic</strong> lecturers and 

students who concern with linguistic. Psycholinguistics lectures can use this result to 

widen the teaching materials in learning and teaching comprehension disorder. This 

study also will be beneficial for students who want to compare the comprehension 

disorder and speech disorder of schizophrenia person and that of other. 

In addition, this study is expected to be a beneficial reference, give direction 

and contribution for the future researchers who are interested in investigating similar 

field of study. 

1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study 

This research is <strong>psycholinguistic</strong> research and focuses on analyzing the 

comprehension disorder produced by schizophrenic. To avoid broadening of the 

discussion and to make her research easier, the researcher limits the research and 

focuses on analyzing comprehension disorder produced by schizophrenic man “John 

Nash” the main character in <strong>psycholinguistic</strong> movie entitled “A Beautiful Mind” 

released in 2005. The researcher does not analyze disorder on language production 

produced by schizophrenic. In addition the researcher uses Ginsberg theory, because 

it is more relevant with the utterances of the data in this research. Ginsberg 

(1985:2010) divided the pattern of comprehension disorders into twelve types. There 

are; flight of ideas, clang associations, retardation, blocking, pressure of speech, 

perseveration, circumstantiality, neologism, word salad, incoherence, irrelevant 

answer and derailment. 

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1.6. Definition of the Key Terms 

To avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding on the terms used in this study, the 

researcher defines some key terms as following: 

Comprehension disorder : a language disability which causes impairment of both 

the understanding and the expression of language 

Schizophrenia : a mental illness, in which a person is unable to link 

her or his thoughts and feelings to real life, suffers from 

delusions and withdraws increasingly from social 

relationship into a life of imagination. 

A Beautiful Mind : is one of the best seller movies which is adopted 

from real life of schizophrenic namely John Forbes 

Nash. 

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CHAPTER II 

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 

The reviews below cover the discussion of language and brain, thought 

disorder, language disorder, language comprehension, schizophrenia (symptoms, 

causal factors and types of schizophrenia), John Nash, and previous study. 

2.1. Language and the Brain 

Before discussing about schizophrenia, we need to know the relationship 

between the language and brain. Language is conceived as a system of signs, an 

inventory of elements, each defined by its position relative to the others, or as a 

system of values determined solely by their mutual relation. It should be added that 

language exists in the collectivity, in the form of a set of imprints in each brain, 

almost like a dictionary, of which every individual would have a copy. It is something 

that is within each of them, while at the same time common to them all. 

Dingwall (1975) explains that language is not the only species-specific aspect of 

human communicative behavior; speech is also specific to human behavior. A 

striking dissociation of these motor control systems is often seen global aphasia, 

where patient with little evidence of speech, language or the ability to carry out 

individual limit movements to command (idemotor praxis) can never the less respond 

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to complex axial commands, such as stand up, turn around, do to the door, bow and 

so on (Gleason, 1998: 64). (Carroll 1986: 66) also stated that the study of brain 

regions related to language makes our discussion of some rather abstract linguistics 

concepts, such as syntax, semantics, and phonology more concrete, and then the study 

of brain and language raises questions about the biological limits on language use and 

language acquisition that will be important in our consideration of language 

development. (Robert, 2004: 286) said that more areas of the brain (left hemisphere 

of cortex) are involved in linguistic function. The left hemisphere of the brain is 

clearly implicated in syntactical aspects of linguistic processing. It is clearly essential 

to speech. The left hemisphere also seems to be essential to the ability to write. 

Damage to the major left hemisphere areas responsible for language functioning can 

sometimes lead to enhanced involvement of other areas as language functioning 

recovers. 

Areas of brain that is responsible for language are Broca’s area and 

Wernicke’s area. Both of them are particularly important in language processing, 

damage on the Broca’s area leads to the disorder on language production and damage 

on the Wernicke’s area leads to the comprehension disorder. 

Before discussing about language disorder on language comprehension, firstly 

we need to know the relationship between brain and language. Taylor (1990: 363) 

said that the left and right hemispheres of the cortex have different but 

complementary functions. As the recent study is discovered the motorist aspect 

(include speaking ability) that is controlled by the left hemisphere, often called sulcus 

centralis rolandy (pre control area). For example language disorder of left hemisphere 

21

ain damage to the left hemisphere of the brain can lead to cognitive. 

Communicative problems, such as impaired memory, attention problems, and poor 

reasoning (cited from www. Asha. Org) whereas the other aspect is the sensory aspect 

(include understanding ability) is controlled by the part of post central brain. In these 

parts are the language inputs analyzed. There are five subsystems of language use 

system in a person; there are recognizer, sentence analyzer, conceptual system, 

sentence generator, and articulator. These five subsystems have relation with mental 

dictionary (lexicon). Inside of brain, all of subsystems are interlaced are another and 

they as one unit which are integrated, that is called language use system. 

The explanation above proves the relationship between language and the 

brain, particularly the left hemisphere of brain which has the important role on 

language processing. In conclusion, as the explanation above there is an important 

relationship between language and the brain. Particularly on the language production 

and human’s left hemisphere. Therefore, the center of human’s speech ability is on 

the left hemisphere. 

2.2. Thought Disorder 

Thought disorder occurs when the continuity of thought is broken so that the 

person is not able to carry through a line of thinking in a way that makes sense to 

other people. 

In psychiatry, thought disorder or formal thought disorder is a term used to 

describe a pattern of disordered language use that is presumed to reflect disordered 

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thinking. It is usually considered a symptom of psychotic mental illness, although it 

occasionally appears in other conditions. 

It describes a persistent underlying disturbance to conscious thought and is 

classified largely by its effects on speech and writing. Affected persons may show 

pressure of speech (speaking incessantly and quickly), derailment or flight of ideas 

(switching topic mid-sentence or inappropriately), thought blocking, rhyming, 

punning, or 'word salad' when individual words may be intact but speech is 

incoherent. A symptom of schizophrenia is Clear, goal-directed thinking become 

increasingly difficult, as shown in a diffuseness or "woolliness" and 

circumstantialities of speech. 

Eugen Bleuler, who named schizophrenia, held that its defining characteristic 

was a disorder of the thinking process. It is important to note however that the 

delusions and hallucinations of psychosis could also be considered as disorders of 

thought, but that the term formal thought disorder applies specifically to the 

presumed disruption in the flow of conscious verbal thought that is inferred from 

spoken language. This is typically what is referred to when the strictly less accurate, 

more commonly used but abbreviated term, 'thought disorder', is used. Holzman 

(1990 :62) states that the delusions voiced by such patients generally are couched in 

language that in syntactically and grammatically correct. With increasing degrees of 

psychological disorganization, people suffering from psychosis tend to manifest 

disturbance of language along with thought disorder. Then one can see thought 

disorder in a setting of deviant language. 

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In schizophrenia, disorders in the form of thinking may coexist with deficits 

in cognition (Sharma & Antonova, 2003), and these forms of thought disturbance 

may prove difficulty to distinguish in certain cases, Blueler (1911) regarded 

schizophrenia as a disorder of the associations between thoughts, characterized by the 

process of consideration, displacement and misuse of symbols. In consideration, two 

ideas with something in common are blended into one false concept, while in 

displacement one idea is used for an associated idea. The faulty use of symbols 

involves using the concrete aspects of the symbol instead of the symbolic meaning 

(‘concrete thinking’). 

Schneider claimed that individuals with schizophrenia complained of three 

different disorders of thinking that correspond to these three features of normal or 

non-disorder thinking. These were; a peculiar transistorizes of thinking, the lack of 

normal organization of thought, and desultory thinking. There were three 

corresponding varieties of objective thought disorder, as follows: 

Transitory thinking 

Transitory thinking is characterized by derailments, substitutions and 

omissions. Omission is distinguished from desultory thinking because in 

desultoriness the continuity is loosened but in omission the intention itself is 

interrupted and there is a gap. The grammatical and syntactical structures are both 

disturbed in transitory thinking. 

Driveling thinking 

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With driveling thinking, the patient has a preliminary outline of a complicated 

thought with all its necessary particulars, but loses preliminary organization of the 

thought, so that all the constituent parts get muddled together. The patient with 

driveling has a critical attitude towards their thoughts, but these are not organized and 

the inner material relationships between them become obscured and change in 

significance. 

Desultory thinking 

In desultory thinking speech is grammatically correct but sudden ideas force 

their way in form time to time. Each one of these ideas is a simple thought that, if 

used at the right time would be quite appropriate. 

2.3. Language Disorder 

From the earliest moments of life, we are trained to look through language at 

the thoughts it conveys. In use, language is transparent, although it can be made an 

object of examination, as when a linguist examines language usage, grammar, and 

syntax. As with the perception of concrete objects, when we listen to a person 

speaking, we grasp the thoughts and only secondarily, if at all, to the language in 

which they are couched. Therapists gifted in treating psychotic patients are able to 

perform these dual acts of understanding better than most of us. Psychotic patients do 

not speak a shared language or even a shared dialect. There is no such thing as a 

schizophrenic language or a manic patois. There is no culture of schizophrenia. 

Indeed, schizophrenic patients have as much difficulty as nonschizophrenic 

25

individuals in understanding the elliptical speech of another schizophrenic person 

(see, e.g., Hunt & Walker, 1966) or even their own (Holzman: 61) 

According to Carroll, language disorder is loss of language abilities due to 

brain damage. It is also defined as language disability which causes impairment of 

both the understanding and the expression of language. It is called aphasia. People 

with language disorder can produce speech correctly, but they cannot comprehend 

well. 

In addition, Carroll states that there are two kinds of aphasia according to the 

place of the hemisphere are broca’s aphasia which is explained by paul Broca and 

Wernicke’s aphasia which is described by Carl Wernicke. Both of two areas 

identified by these researchers have known as Broca’s area and wernike’s area, and 

seem to be especially closely associated with the progressing of language by the 

brain. Damage to either will often (but not always) leads to condition known as 

aphasia; in which patient loses some of their powers of speech (Field, 1993: 53). 

There are different kinds of language disorder. The first is disorder on 

language production. People with impairment on language production will frequently 

speak in short, meaningful phrases that are produced with great effort. The second is 

disorder on language comprehension. People with comprehension disorder may speak 

long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, create new words, 

speak incoherent topics or discourses and speak disorganized sentences. 

People with language disorder can produce speech correctly, but he or she 

cannot comprehend well. Language disorder may be related to other disabilities such 

as mental retardations, autism, or cerebral palsy (Itqiana, 2006:). Language disorder is 

26

known as loss of language abilities due to brain damage, it is called aphasia. In 

addition, carroll also states that a language disorder produced by brain damage is 

called aphasia. There are two kinds of aphasia according to the place of the 

hemisphere of the brain. Firstly namely Broca’s aphasia, it is describes by an frnch 

Surqeon, Paul Broca. He said that the problem with language appeared to have 

resulted from brain lesion on the left side of the head. Then the second is Wrickne’s 

Aphasia which is explained by Carl Wernicke, a geman. The area of interest to 

Wernicke was contiguous with this cortical area of hearing. 

Field (1993: 53) said that the two areas identified by these researchers have 

known, respectively, as broca’s area and Wernicke’s area and seen to be especially 

closely associated with the processing of language by the brain. Damage to other will 

often (but not always) lead to a condition known as aphasia, in which patients lose 

some of their powers of speech. 

Carroll (1986: 376) states that there are three issues that are germane to each 

of the different of language disorder will consider. First is wither the disorder is a 

defiant from of language development or merely a delay in normal development. The 

second is wither the disorder is generalize or is specific to certain aspect of language, 

and finally is it considers whether biological factors, cognitive development, and the 

linguistics environment play an influential role in language disorder. 

2.4. Language Comprehension 

Early <strong>psycholinguistic</strong>s described our comprehension and production of 

language in terms of the rules that were postulated by linguists (Fodor, Bever, & 

27

Garrett 1974). The connection between psychology and linguistics were particularly 

close in the area of syntax, with psycholinguists testing the psychological reality of 

various proposed linguists rules. As the field of <strong>psycholinguistic</strong>s developed, it 

become clear that theories of sentence comprehension and production cannot be 

based in any simple way on linguistic theories; <strong>psycholinguistic</strong> theories must 

consider the properties of the human mind as well as the structure of the language. 

Psycholinguistics has thus become its own area of inquiry, informed by but not totally 

dependent on linguistics. 

In general usage, and more specifically in reference to education and 

psychology, language comprehension has roughly the same meaning as 

understanding language. It is also defined as the ability to understand or know. 

Sounds or letters strike our ears or eyes in a swift and linear fashion creating 

words, which in turn very quickly form phrases, clauses, and sentences so that 

comprehension seems to be nothing more than the recognition of a sequential string 

of linguistic symbols, albeit at a very rapid pace. 

In the comprehension of speech sounds, people see further evidence that some 

part of human language are innate, and do not have to be learned. The comprehension 

of words has shown that people are very much affected by context, and their 

understanding is both facilitated and complicated by the different pieces of 

knowledge they possess for each logged. David W Carroll (1985: 109) states that 

there are four sections to analyze the process of language comprehension: the first 

section considers the linguistic structure of speech. Next, consider the way we 

identify different speech sound when presented in isolation, followed by a discussion 

28

of the means by which we extract these individual sounds from the continuous stream 

of speech. The fourth section provides a selective overview of research on the 

perception of written language. 

The grammatical structure of a sentence might initially influence the garden 

path people choose in trying to understand it, but the greatest influence on sentence 

comprehension is meaning. Comprehension of larger units of language also indicates 

the importance of meaning. Text that fit into a context will be more quickly 

comprehended by people. 

2.5 Definition of Comprehension Disorder 

Comprehension disorder is a language disability which causes impairment of 

both the understanding the expression of language. Nancy C. Andreasen asserts that 

comprehension disorder is a term used to describe a pattern of disordered language 

use that is presumed to reflect disordered thinking. 

Ginsberg (1985) distinguish twelfth types comprehension disorder, they are; 

Derailment, flight of ideas, blocking, retardation, perseveration, incoherence, 

irrelevant answer, circumstantiality, pressure of speech, word salad, neologism and 

clang association. To more completely, it will be explained below. 

1. Derailment 

Ginsberg (1985) says that derailment is gradual or sudden deviation 

in one’s train of thought without blocking. E.g. “The next day when I’d be 

going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in 

California.” 

29

2. Flight of Ideas 

Ginsberg (1985) says that Flight of ideas is an extremely rapid 

progression of ideas with a sifthing from one topic to another so that a 

coherent whole is maintained and considerable digression occurs from the 

beginning to the ending of the story. There is generally some association 

between thoughts (e. g., a single word in one sentence will lead to a 

following sentence). Flifht of ideas is associated with a lack of goal- directed 

activity and wih heightened distractibility and accelerated inner drive. A 

patient might respond to the question, “What is your name/” with “my name 

is David. David was in the bible which a religious document is written many 

years ago. I feel that religion leads to persecution for many important 

citizens as a result of their beliefs which have been well thought out; 

however, thought is a very abstract concept as might be noted of music and 

art.” 

3. Blocking 

Blocking is an unconscious interruption in the train of thought to 

such an extent that progression of thoughts comes to complete halt. This is 

usually temporary, with thought process resuming after a short time. 

Ginsberg (1985) E. g. “Am I early?”, “No, you’re just about on-“. 

4. Retardation 

Retardation is when speech becomes slow and labored; often a 

lowered tone of voice is used. The patient may relate that his or her thought 

come slowly or that it is very difficult to concentrate or think about topic 

30

(Ginsberg: 1985). E. g. “Yes, it is. But it only appears to work sporadically, 

so, no. but… I believe I’m making progress. You’re…” 

5. Perseveration 

Perseveration is an occurrence in which the patient uses the same 

word, thought or idea repeatedly, often in response to several different 

questions (Ginsberg: 1985). E.g. “It’s great to be here in Nevada, Nevada, 

Nevada, Nevada, and Nevada.” 

6. Incoherence 

Ginsberg (1985) states that incoherence is similar to word salad, the 

different being that incoherence is generally marked by illogically connected 

phrases or ideas. Word salad generally consists of illogically connected 

single words or short phrases. A patient speaking incoherently may state, 

“yes, this is great reason for truth and validity as you must know and well all 

must know in time of need all great men who have an interest in greatness, 

perhaps, yes, cold is very nice color. But, not inconsequentially as we have 

every reason to believe that our president is for better of worse, no, 

yesterday.” 

7. Irrelevant Answer 

Irrelevant answer is an answer that has no irrelevant to the question 

asked (Ginsberg: 1985). E.g. another asks “you don’t talk much, do you?” 

the patient will answer “I can’t talk about my work.” 

31

8. Circumstantiality 

Circumstantiality is occurs when the patient eventually able to relate 

a given thought or story, but only after numerous digressions and 

unnecessary trivial details. This occurs largely in persons who are not able to 

distinguish essential from nonessential details. It is often observed in persons 

of low intelligent, in epileptics, and in cases of advanced senile mental 

disorder (Ginsberg: 1985). E.g. “What is your name?” “Well, sometimes 

when people ask me that I have to think about whether or not I will answer 

because some people think it’s an odd name even thought I don’t really 

because my mom gave it to me and I think my dad helped but it’s as good a 

name as any in my opinion but yeah it’s Tom.” 

9. Pressure of Speech 

Pressure of speech is an excessive flow of words to such an extent that 

it becomes difficult to interrupt the speaker (Ginsberg: 1985). 

10. Word Salad 

Word salad is an incoherence mixture of words and phrases (Ginsberg: 

1985). E.g. the question “why do people comb their hair?” elicit response 

like “Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue 

elephant. Isn’t lettuce brave? I like electrons. Hello, beautiful.” 

11. Neologism 

Ginsberg (1985) says that neologism occurs when entirely new words 

are created by the patient. E.g. “I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it 

at the geshinker.” 

32

12. Clang Association 

Similar to flight of ideas with clang associations, the stimulus that 

prompts a new thought is a similar in sound, but not in meaning, to a new 

word (Ginsberg: 1985) e.g.”I’m not trying to make noise. I’m trying to make 

sense, if you can’t make sense out of nonsense.” 

2.6. Schizophrenia 

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease that affects a person’s thoughts, 

behavior, moods, and ability to work and relate to others. Many people with 

schizophrenia hear or see things that are not really there, have strange beliefs that 

other people do not share, or speak and behave in a disorganized way for others to 

understand. For the schizophrenic, the world is a confusing maze of nightmares from 

which one cannot wake up. 

Approximately 1 percent of the population develops schizophrenia during 

their lifetime more than 2 million Americans suffer from the illness in a given year. 

Although schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, the disorder 

often appears earlier in men, usually in the late teens or early twenties, than in 

women, who are generally affected in the twenties to early thirties. Schizophrenia is a 

serious and challenging medical illness; it is often feared and misunderstood. 

People with schizophrenia often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing 

internal voices not heard by others, or believing that other people are reading their 

minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them. These symptoms may 

33

leave them fearful and withdrawn. Their speech and behavior can be so disorganized 

that they may be incomprehensible or frightening to others. 

Schizophrenia often interferes with a person's ability to think clearly, to 

distinguish reality from fantasy, to manage emotions, make decisions, and relate to 

others. Most people with schizophrenia contend with the illness chronically or 

episodically throughout their lives, and are often stigmatized by lack of public 

understanding about the disease. Schizophrenia is not caused by bad parenting or 

personal weakness. A person with schizophrenia does not have a "split personality," 

they are not dangerous or violent. 

2.5.1. Symptoms 

The signs and symptoms vary from individual to individual, but all 

people with the disorder show one or more of the following symptoms: 

Delusions: these are false beliefs that a person holds on to, despite the 

fact that there is strong evidence that the beliefs are wrong. People with 

delusions often believe that a person or group of people is watching them 

and wants to hurt them, believing other people can read their minds, or 

beliefs that they have special powers or abilities. 

Hallucinations: many people with schizophrenia experience auditory 

hallucinations (hearing voices or noises that are not real). Sometimes people 

with auditory hallucinations hear voices that insult them or tell them what to 

do. Others might hear voices arguing with each other or might hear their 

34

own thoughts being spoken out loud. One person with schizophrenia said 

that having auditory hallucinations is like listening to headphones with the 

volume on the highest level and not being able to turn it down in order to 

carry on conversations with people, read, watch TV, or even sleep. 

Disorganized or catatonic behavior: Disorganized behavior people 

with schizophrenia might do bizarre things that are socially inappropriate, 

such as suddenly shouting or swearing in a public place. Often, they have hard 

time taking care of their basic needs, such as bathing, dressing properly, and 

even eating regularly. 

Generally, catatonic schizophrenics believe that they must remain 

motionless or focus exclusively on certain limited motions in order to avoid 

catastrophic consequences. Usually, they lock themselves into rigid postures 

for hours or days at a time. 

Disorganized speech, the individual speaks in ways that are hard to 

understand. For instance, sentences might not make sense, or topic of 

conversation changes with little or no connection between sentences. 

Sometimes speech is completely incomprehensible. Many people with 

schizophrenia have loose associations. This means that they leap from one 

idea to another even though the two ideas are not connected in any logical 

35

way. As a result, their speech is often very disorganized and hard for other 

people to understand. 

Negative symptoms, this includes lack of motivation or interest, 

diminished cognitive functioning, and decreased emotional expression. 

Individuals may lose interest in attending to their own personal hygiene, have 

little interest in interacting with others, and rarely seem to feel or express 

strong emotions. 

Blunted affect. Many people with schizophrenia have blunted affect, or 

trouble showing emotions. They show less anger, sadness, joy and other 

feelings than most people do. 

Poverty of speech. When asked questions, people with poverty of speech will 

often give short answers that do not carry much meaning. 

Volition. Lost of motivation to set goals for themselves and work toward 

these goals. Usually, they have trouble completing task or work. 

2.5.2. Causal Factors 

There are many causal factors of schizophrenia disease. The first is 

neurological causes. People with schizophrenia have the larger ventricles 

than normal. Many researchers conclude that some schizophrenics have 

abnormally large ventricles which results in a reduction in the overall size of 

the brain and in turn may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. In 

addition the brain of schizophrenics was characterized by significantly less 

36

activation of the prefrontal cortex. The second is biological causes which 

include genetic. And the third is environmental causes such as the incidence 

of stressful events. The relationship between stress and the onset of 

schizophrenia is called the diathesis stress theory (Plotnik, 2005:540). 

2.5.3. Types of Schizophrenia 

Many types of schizophrenia, there are: 

Paranoid schizophrenia: These persons are very suspicious of others 

and often have grand schemes of persecution at the root of their behavior. 

Hallucinations, and more frequently delusions, are a prominent and common 

part of the illness. 

Disorganized schizophrenia (Hebephrenic Schizophrenia).In this 

case the person is verbally incoherent and may have moods and emotions 

that are not appropriate to the situation. Hallucinations are not usually 

present. 

Catatonic schizophrenia: In this case, the person is extremely 

withdrawn, negative and isolated, and has marked psychomotor 

disturbances. 

Residual schizophrenia: In this case the person is not currently 

suffering from delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech and 

behavior, but lacks motivation and interest in day-to-day living. 

37

2.7. John Nash 

Schizoaffective disorder: these people have symptoms of 

schizophrenia as well as mood disorder such as major depression, bipolar 

mania, or mixed mania. 

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: Conditions meeting the general 

diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia but not conforming to any of the above 

subtypes, or exhibiting the features of more than one of them without a clear 

predominance of a particular set of diagnostic characteristics. 

John Forbes Nash, Jr. is one of the famous people with schizophrenia. He is 

born in June 13 th , 1928; he is an American mathematician who works in game theory, 

differential geometry, and partial differential equations, serving as a Senior Research 

Mathematician at Princeton University. He shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in 

Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi. 

Nash began to show signs of schizophrenia in 1958. He became paranoid and 

was admitted into the McLean Hospital, April–May 1959, where he was diagnosed 

with paranoid schizophrenia and mild depression with low self-esteem. After a 

problematic stay in Paris and Geneva, Nash returned to Princeton in 1960. He 

remained in and out of mental hospitals until 1970, being given insulin shock therapy 

and antipsychotic medications, usually as a result of being committed rather than by 

his choice. After 1970, by his choice, he never took antipsychotic medication again. 

According to his biographer Nasar, he recovered gradually with the passage of time. 

38

Encouraged by his wife, Alicia, Nash worked in a communitarian setting where his 

eccentricities were accepted. 

Nash is also the subject of the Hollywood movie, A Beautiful Mind, which 

was nominated for eight Oscars; the movie tells the story based on the biography of 

the same name about him, his mathematical genius and his struggle with 

schizophrenia. 

The story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as he 

develops his "original idea" that will revolutionize the world of mathematics. Early in 

the movie, Nash begins developing paranoid schizophrenia and endures delusional 

episodes while painfully watching the loss and burden his condition brings on his 

wife and friends. 

After the conclusion of Nash's studies as a student at Princeton, he accepts a 

prestigious appointment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), along 

with his friends Sol and Bender.Five years later, he meets his student Alicia Larde. 

They fall in love and eventually marry. 

On a return visit to Princeton, in his hallucination and delusion Nash he sees 

Charles (his former roommate) and meets Charles' young niece Marcee, whom he 

adores. He also encounters a mysterious Department of Defense agent, William 

Parcher who gives him a new assignment to look for patterns in magazines and news 

paper. 

Then Alicia brings Nash to a psychiatric hospital to get insulin therapy. Nash 

grows older; finally he recovers from schizophrenia disease. Then he eventually earns 

the privilege of teaching again. He is honored by his fellow professors for his 

39

achievement in mathematics, and goes on to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in 

Economics for his revolutionary work on game theory. 

2.7. Previous Study 

Many similar researches concerning the field of language disorder have been 

conducted. Istiqana’s study (2006) deals with speech disorder of a stuttered man aged 

26.The result of this study show that from his daily communications in six different 

situations, there are three situations, within several kinds of linguistic disorder 

produced by the stuttered man namely disfluency, blocking, avoidance behavior, and 

severity. 

Isroaul Mukminah (2007) deals with speech disorder of a cerebral palsic man 

in “Door to Door” film. It uses the Carroll’s theory about speech and language 

disorder. The results of this study show that Bill Porter’s utterances have some kinds 

of speech and language disorder namely articulation disorder (from the manner of 

articulation), Phonological disorder, voice disorder, and stuttering. The result also 

shows that voice disorder is mostly found and stuttering seldom occurs. 

These current researches deal with stuttering and speech disorder of cerebral 

pal sic man. Meanwhile, schizophrenic’s comprehension has not explored much. 

Therefore, this research discusses about comprehension disorder of schizophrenic. It 

is from the true story of John Nash’s life and it is taken from” A Beautiful Mind” 

Movie. 

40

CHAPTER III 

RESEARCH METHOD 

This chapter presents the aspects related to research method. They are: 

research design, data and data source, research instrument, data collection, and data 

<strong>analysis</strong>. 

3.1 Research Design. 

The suitable research method of this study is descriptive qualitative method. It 

is called descriptive qualitative because it has purpose to descript about language 

disorder and attempt to explore the application of sentence form as comprehension 

disorder in schizophrenics utterances which are spoken by “John Nash” and does not 

deal with number at all but relies on speech description in comprehension disorder of 

schizophrenic. 

It is called qualitative because it describes the data from the scripts texts to be 

analyzed and the findings of the data are also discussed and analyzed in the form of 

41

words, utterances and sentences. As declared by Ary, et al. (2001: 425) that 

qualitative inquires deal with data that are in the form of words or utterances of the 

object’s responses, rather than numbers and statistics. 

3.2. Data and Data Sources 

The data source of this research is the movie entitled “A Beautiful Mind”. The 

whole data are taken from the dialogue and utterances which relate to comprehension 

disorder produced by schizophrenic “John Nash” in A Beautiful Mind movie. There 

are many types of comprehension disorder like flight of ideas, clang associations, 

retardation, blocking, pressure of speech, perseveration, circumstantiality, neologism, 

word salad, incoherence, irrelevant answer and derailment. The data of this research 

are in the form of words or utterances of the schizophrenic’s responses. 

3.3. Research Instrument 

Research instrument is very important to obtain the result of this research. It is 

a set of method, which is used to collect the data. The data needed for this research is 

already found in the related book. 

The main instrument is the researcher herself who spends the time for 

watching the movie and reading some related book to understanding the utterances. 

The researcher uses Computer and DVD cassette to watch the movie. She also uses 

books, utilizes internet and other media such as media that provides information 

about schizophrenia and comprehension disorder. Besides that, there is no other 

research instrument suitable to gain the data especially in collecting and classifying 

42

the data based on the problems. Here, the researcher also takes some notes to get the 

data. 

As supported by Bogdan and Biklen (1998: 4) that qualitative research has 

actual settings as the direct source of data and the researcher is the key instrument. 

3.4. Data Collection 

For the data procedure, the researcher collects the data by herself using the 

following steps: first, the researcher watches the movie from the beginning up to the 

end, second, taken note which related with the comprehension disorder, third, 

browsing transcript text of movie from the internet. 

3.5. Data Analysis 

Data <strong>analysis</strong> is the process of systematically searching and arranging the 

interview transcripts, field notes, and other materials that we accumulate to increase 

our own understanding of them and to enable us to present what we have discovered 

to others (Bogdan and Biklen: 1988). From this statement, the researcher is going to 

do several activities to conduct the data <strong>analysis</strong>, first is conducting the data in each 

category, and second selecting the data into the kinds of comprehension disorder. 

Third is analyzing the data and sentences from each category more deeply. Fourth, 

the researcher describes how the language disorder done by main character of 

43

schizophrenic man in “A Beautiful Mind” movie. Finally, making conclusion from 

the result of <strong>analysis</strong> which gave detail description related to language disorder 

perspectives. 

CHAPTER IV 

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 

This chapter discusses the data findings of the research, which includes the 

data description, result of <strong>analysis</strong> and discussion of the findings. The discussion 

includes the interpretation of the results of this present research. 

In this research, there are 24 data found. The following are 9 conversations 

which represent the <strong>analysis</strong> of comprehension disorder. The complete data can be 

seen in the appendix. 

4.1 Findings 

Conversation 1: 

Neilson : It’s the first time the Carnegie prize has been split, Hansen’s all bent. 

Bender : Rumor is he’s got his sights set on wheeler Lab, the new military think thank at 

M.I.T they are only taking one this year. 

Neilson : Hansen’s used to being picked first. 

Bender : Oh, yeah, he’s wasted on math. 

Neilson : He should be running for president. 

John Nash : There could be a mathematical explanation for how bad your tie is. (Data: 1) 

(Laughs……………) 

44

This conversation happened in the party in front of Princeton University’s 

dormitory as introducing party between new students and their senior. All of the 

students talked about the rumor of scholarship. They assume that it was not enough if 

Hansen won the scholarship, he had to have the scholarship all for himself. Hansen is 

one of other promising math and science graduate students. To perceive that rumor 

Neilson said that it was the first time the Carnegie prize has been split, Hansen was 

all bent. Bender has a notion and he said that the Rumor was he had got his sights set 

on wheeler Lab, the new military think thank at M.I.T they were only taking one 

those year. Neilson believes that Hansen would get that scholarship, and then said 

that Hansen should be running for president. During their conversation, John Nash 

was playing the light of glass to the Neilson tie and said that there could be a 

mathematical explanation for how bad his tie was. That made them confused, because 

they didn’t understand what he had said mean, then they laughs. 

The utterance “there could be a mathematical explanation for how bad your 

tie is” (data: 1) is uttered by John Nash which is irrelevant with the context. This 

utterance reflects to Ginsberg theory of language disorder on language 

comprehension which can be classified as derailment, because from the beginning of 

conversation John Nash is following a particular train of thought, they talk about the 

rumor of scholarship, but suddenly he said another topic of his question to Neilson in 

the utterance (data: 1), and it makes the utterance veers off onto a different thought 

track. 

In addition, derailment might be thought as declarative statement without the 

assumption that the statement is to be believed by the addressee. If John Nash says 

45

may be Hansen has a good talent in that sector, and then possible for him to get that 

opportunity, it will be probably not a sudden deviation of one’s train of thought, but 

in this utterance he uses the deviation statement in his response to his friends 

conversation as in (1.6), in which it makes the addressee felt confused and strange 

because it was unrelated with their topic. 

The utterance in (data: 1) is caused by his hallucination. Because when he 

looked to a Neilson’s tie, he saw sight which spouts on to the tie and he believed that 

there were mathematical explanations for how bad that tie was, even thought it was 

not actually present. 

In this case, there are 4 utterances that are found in the dialog of the movie 

which have the same type with the data above; they are data (8.2), (9.2), (14.2) and 

(25.4). 


Hansen : a thousand pardon. I simply assumed you were the waiter. 

John Nash : Hansen. Honest mistake. Well, Martin Hansen. It is Martin, isn't it? 

Hansen : Why, yes, John, it is. 

John Nash : I imagine you're getting quite used to miscalculation. I've read your pre-prints... 

Both of them. The one on Nazi ciphers, and the other one on non-linear equation, and I am supremely 

confident that there is not a single seminal or innovative idea in either one of them. Enjoy your punch. 

(data: 2) 

(Chuckles) 

John Nash, Bender and Neilson were conversing while drinking, and then 

come Sol who comes late, he introduces him self to John Nash and greeted other 

guests in the party. Martin Hansen also came toward them. Suddenly, Hansen asked a 

glass for drink to John Nash, because he thought that he was a waiter. But John Nash 

said that he was not a waiter, and then Hansen said that he simply assumed that he 

46

was the waiter. With broad minded John Nash says that it was honest mistake, and 

well for him. Then he asked that that was martin wasn’t. Then Hansen answer that 

yes that was. But suddenly John Nash said that he imagine Hansen were getting quite 

used to miscalculation. He had read his pre-print… both of them. The one of Nazi 

chippers, and the other one on non-linier equation, and he was supremely confident 

that there was not a single seminal or innovative idea in either one of them. Then he 

also said that enjoy his punch. 

The utterance “I imagine you're getting quite used to miscalculation. I've read 

your pre-prints... Both of them. The one on Nazi ciphers, and the other one on non- 

linear equation, and I am supremely confident that there is not a single seminal or 

innovative idea in either one of them. Enjoy your punch” (data: 2), is uttered by John 

Nash to give responses of Hansen’s question. This utterance means that from the 

name of Hansen, John Nash has known that he were always getting wrong in his 

calculation, and John Nash utterance flew from one topic to another topic, in which 

he said that from his preprints about Nazi ciphers, non linier equation there is not a 

single seminal or innovative idea in either one of them. But suddenly he stopped his 

flight of thought and said “enjoy your punch” and leaves them. It can be categorized 

as Flight of ideas, because it is an extremely rapid progression of ideas with a 

shifting from one topic to another so that a coherent whole is maintained and 

considerable digression occurs from the beginning to the ending of the utterance. 

Flight of ideas is associated with a lack of goal-directed activity and with 

heightened distractibility and an accelerated inner drive. It happens when the 

schizophrenic get disorder in his thinking, and then makes his utterance flow 

47

disorganized. If he says it’s ok. Pardon for you, and enjoy your punch, it will be seen 

normal and doesn’t extremely show rapid progression of ideas with shifting from one 

topic to another topic, but when he gets disordered in his thinking, his utterance 

slowly flows lots of ideas in which comes some topics in his utterance as seen in 

utterance (data: 2). 

The utterance in (data: 2) is caused by the delusion. When Hansen asked 

pardon to John Nash, he responded him and (data: 2). While he was speaking, he saw 

Hansen who looked at him. Then John Nash felt that Hansen read his mind, and knew 

what he thought. Suddenly his utterance flew and made his utterance rapid in 

progression, but he did not know that his utterance is shifting from one topic to other 

topic, because his focus is on his hallucination or on another person in his mind, even 

thought actually there was no one. 

There are 2 utterances in the dialog of the movie which have the same type as 

the example above; they are data (8) and (17). 


Hansen : Let me ask you something, John. 

John Nash : Be my guest, Martin. 

Hansen : Bender and Sol here correctly completed Allen's proof of Perrot’s Conjecture. 

John Nash : Adequate work...without innovation. (Data: 3) 

Sol : Oh. I'm flattered. You flattered? 

Bender : Flattered. 

Martin Hansen and John Nash were enjoying their chess competition. They 

conversing and asked to each other. Then Martin Hansen asked to John Nash that he 

48

was asked him something. John Nash also answered that martin been him quest. 

Martin Hansen continued with his question and said that Bender and Sol there 

correctly completed Allen’s proof of Perrot’s Conjecture. And have not finished his 

question yet, John Nash cuts and said that was adequate work… without innovation. 

And Sol, who saw their game also give response to John Nash utterance and said that 

he was flattered. And asked to Bender that he flattered? And Bender answer that he 

also flattered. 

In John Nash’s interrupt utterance “Adequate work...without innovation.” 

(Data: 3), there was an interruption in the train of speech. When he said “adequate 

work…” its saw difficult for him to complete his utterance, he stops his speaking, and 

after think for seconds, then he continuous to says “… without innovation”. This 

utterance can be classified as Blocking (thought block); because it was an utterance 

which caused by an unconscious interruption in the train of thought to such an extent 

that progression of thought comes to complete halt. 

Blocking (thought blocking) occurs when the patient may have loss of a train 

of thought but the patients do not concern that the topic has been lost; they will pass 

onto the topic which distracted their thinking. If he said “adequate work… but I have 

not completed for my papers yet.” It may look coherent to their topic. But his 

utterance was interrupted before he completed his utterance as he says in the 

utterance (Data: 3) 

In the utterance (data: 3) John Nash felt that his friend read his mind, then 

when he tried to answer Hansen’s question, it was difficult for John Nash to 

concentrate on the topic of what he wanted to say. In his utterance, he said that the 

49

work of his friend is without innovation, and he felt that he was the best one, because 

his mind was influenced by his delusion. 


John Nash : You should not have won. 

Hansen : Hmmm. 

John Nash : I had the first move, my... my play was perfect. (Data: 4) 

Hansen : The hubris of the defeated. 

John Nash : The game is flawed. 

Hansen : Gentlemen, the great John Nash. 

The situation was quiet, when Hansen and John Nash were enjoying their 

game. Slowly but sure, Hansen playing the chess, after that he chuckles because he 

was won the game for twist after his playing with Sol. When John Nash knows that 

he was defeated, he said that Hansen should not have the won. Shows the expression 

of John Nash who doesn’t accept with his shellacking Hansen mumble and John Nash 

said that he had the first move, his play was perfect. Then Hansen said that was the 

hubris of the defeated. And John Nash answer that the game was flawed. With fast 

steps John Nash gone and leaved his friends. Hansen also said to the gentlemen that 

that was the great John Nash. 

The utterance of data (4) which uttered by John Nash, there was labored 

speech when he said “I had the first move, my…..” it becomes slow. It looks difficult 

for him to continue his speech. With law voice John Nash continue his speech “... my 

play was perfect.” This utterance can be classified as retardation, because his speech 

becomes slow and labored; often a lowered tone of voice is used. His thoughts come 

slowly and very difficult to concentrate or think about topic. 

50

Retardation saw when the speech become slow and labored, his thought also 

come slowly and very difficult to concentrate and think about the topic what he said. 

When he felt that another people saw his drawback, his thought suddenly get the 

disruptions, in which makes his thought very difficult to concentrate and think. In 

which make his speech becomes slow and labored. If he says “I had the first move, 

my play was perfect. Why I got defeated?” it may be there is no labored in the 

speech. But he answers as he says in the data (4). 

The utterance in the (data: 4) is caused by the hallucination. Because when he 

knew that he get shellacking, he did not accept that. He felt that he started that game 

first, and then he must to the first winner of that game. Then, when he was really 

shellacked of that game, he was shocked and did not accept it as said in the (data: 4). 

In this issue, there are 3 utterances in the dialog of the movie which have the 

same type as the example above; they are data (13), (23) and (24). 


John Nash : I have respect for beer. I have respect for beer! I have respect for beer. (Data: 5) 

For two days John Nash has been in the library, but he couldn’t find a topic 

for his doctorate paper, but Hansen’s just published another paper. His hallucination 

friend Charles came to him; he said that on the bright side, John Nash has invented 

window art. Then John Nash explained what he had painted on the window. Charles left him, 

and said that he had no respect for cognitive, but he respected for pizza and beer. After a 

51

second John Nash also left the library carrying his shoes and said that he had respect for beer. 

And he repeated it for three times. 

In the data (5) John Nash uses the same word repeatedly. When another people were 

saying something, it’s possible for him to repeat the utterance which has been spoken. This 

utterance can be classified as perseveration, because he is persistent to repeat of the word. 

Perseveration is an occurrence in which the patient uses the same word, thought or 

idea repeatedly. If he says “I have respect for beer.” for once its may looks normally, but he 

says it repeatedly as he says in data (5). 

The utterance in the (data: 5) is caused by the hallucination. His utterance is the 

repetition of his hallucination friend Charles, who said to him that he had enormous respect 

for pizza and beer. Then, when he wanted to get out from the library he repeated it, and it 

made another people who also stayed at that place felt strange. Because no one there who was 

speaking with him. But John Nash felt that Charles was there with him. 

In this case, there are data in the dialog of the movie which have the same type as the 

example below; they are data (21.1) and data (21.2). 


Bender : You made the cover of Fortune…again. 

John Nash : Please note the use of the word “you” not “we” that was supposed to be just me. 

(Data: 9) 

Sol : Oh. (Laughs) 

John Nash arrives in his office of Wheeler Defense Labs MIT Campus. He 

stays in one office with his friends Sol and Bender. Bender read a magazine, and 

there he seen John Nash’s picture in the cover of that magazine. Than he informs 

John Nash and said that he was made the cover of fortune again. John Nash gives 

52

esponse to Bender and said that please note the used of the word “you” not “we” that 

was supposed to been just him. Then John Nash’s utterance makes Sol laughs. 

In the response of John Nash who said “Please note the use of the word “you” 

not “we” that was supposed to be just me.” (Data: 9) it was an answer which is 

unrelated with the addressee’s mean, and lost of the logic think. In the language 

disorder on language comprehension, this utterance can be classified as incoherence, 

because it was generally marked by illogically connected phrases or ideas. 

Incoherence is happen when the utterance generally marked by illogically 

connected phrases or ideas. This utterance uses because with his job, he believe that 

he would get another think which more important and valuable than joining the class. 

But the truly, his utterance felt illogically for another people. If he says “I never 

expect that.” It will be seen logic, because every student has found their topic and 

publishing a book for their doctorate, but John Nash doesn’t find it at all. But to 

response to their question, John Nash answers with his argument and what he 

believes as he says in the data (9). 

The utterance in the (data: 9) is caused by the delusion, in which he believe 

that another people talk about him and made his picture in the magazine. When his 

friend said that he made the cover of fortune magazine, his focus is on the magazine. 

And then he does not focus on his friend’s utterance. When his friend said the true 

that false for him, then makes his friends laughs to him because his response is not 

logic for them. 

There are 2 utterances in the dialog of the movie which have the same type as 

that example above; they are data (10) and (19). 

53


Bender : John, exactly what’s the difference between genius and most genius? 

John Nash : Quite a lot. He’s your son? (Data: 11) 

While their conversing in the office, Bender asked to John Nash that what was 

the different between genius and most genius, John Nash didn’t answer the question 

well but he ordered to Bender that he must quite a lot. Then he asked to Bender that 

He was his son? Actually there was not another people there, even thought Bender, 

Sol and John Nash. 

The utterance “Quite a lot! He’s your son?” in the data (11) it was not 

relevant to the addressee question. In the Ginsberg theory of language disorder this 

utterance was categorized as irrelevant answer, because his answer has no relevant to 

the question which has been asked by the addressee. 

Irrelevant answer saw, when the answer was not related or irrelevant to the 

question asked. If John Nash answer “most genius has more excess than genius”, it 

may be relevant with the question asked. But John Nash answer with another 

utterance which is irrelevant as uttered in the data (11). 

The utterance in the (data: 11) is caused by the hallucination. Because, when 

bender asks to him, he does not answer it in the true answer. But suddenly he asks to 

Bender that there was his son. There is one there, but he asks to bender strange 

answers which make Bender feels confuse and strange to John Nash. 

In this problem, there is an utterance that found in the dialog of the movie 

which has the same type as the example above; it is data (15). 

54


Alicia : I'm wondering, Professor Nash, if I can ask you to dinner. You do eat, don't you? 

John Nash : Oh, on occasion, yeah. (Chuckles) Table for one. Prometheus alone chained to the 

rock with the bird circling overhead, you know how it is. (data: 14) 

…………(Laughs) 

No, I expect that you wouldn't...You wouldn't know. If you leave your address with my office, I'll pick 

you up Friday at 8:00 and we'll eat. One more thing. Do you have a name, or should I just keep calling 

you "miss"? 

Alicia go into John Nash’s office to inform that he has leave his time for 

teaching for about half an hour, and all of student has waiting for him. And before 

Alicia get out from that room, she ask John Nash to get dinner together. Then she said 

that she was wondering, Professor Nash, if she could ask him to dinner. And she 

asked him that he did eat, didn’t he? Then John Nash answered that on occasion, 

yeah. Table for one. Prometheus alone chained to the rock with the bird circling 

overhead, and he also said that she known how that was. Then both of them laughs… 

after that John Nash continued to say that he expected that she wouldn’t knew. If she 

leaved her address with his office, he would picked she up Friday at 8:00 and they 

would eat. He forgotten to ask something, then he asked to Alicia that she have a 

name, or should he just keep called her “miss”. 

The utterance “oh, on occasion, yeah (chuckles) table for one, Prometheus 

alone chained to the rock with the bird circling overhead, you know how it is.” In the 

data (14) is uttered by John Nash. When Alicia asks to him, suddenly he give the 

story before he answer the question which asked by Alicia. But his story looks 

strange and difficult for Alicia to understand. This utterance can be classified as 

55

Circumstantialty, because his utterance when he gives a response contains numerous 

digressions before he returns to the topic of his speech, and he wasn’t able to 

distinguish essential from nonessential detail. His topic point is that he accepts 

Alicia’s invitation. 

Circumstantiality is found when his thinking proceeds slowly with many 

unnecessary detail, which influence to his speech. If he says “yes of course I do, and I 

will accept your invitation.” may be it would look normal, but he says with another 

answer as he says in data (14). 

The utterance in the (data: 14) is caused by the delusion. John Nash feels that 

his life is without friend, when Alicia asks him to get dinner together he feels that 

was a miracle for him and makes him to be confused. Then when he answer to 

Alicia’s invitation he said as what have in his mind, but difficult to another people 

understand to what he has said. Because his mind influenced by his delusion, then his 

utterance also flow to what he think in his mind. 

There are a number of utterances in the dialog of the movie which have the 

same type as the example above; it is data (16). 


Alicia : I'm so sorry. 

John : It's okay. 

Alicia : I missed you. I missed you. 

John Nash : I have to talk to you. Okay. Alicia, I've been thinking about it, and I do realize that 

my behavior and my inability to discuss the situation with you must have appeared insane. I left you 

with no other choice. I do understand... and I'm truly sorry. 

Alicia : That's okay. 

John Nash : Everything's gonna be all right. Everything's gonna be all right. We just have to 

talk quietly. They may be listening. There may be microphones. I'm gonna tell you everything now. It's 

breaking with protocol but you need to know, because you have to help me get out of here. I've been 

doing top-secret work for the government. There's a threat that exists of catastrophic proportions. I 

56

think the Russians feel my profile is too high. That's why they simply just don't do away with me. 

They're keeping me here to try to stop me from doing my work. You have to get to Wheeler. - You have 

to find William Parcher. (data: 20.1) 

Alicia : Stop. 

John Nash : - He can help us. (data: 20.2) 

Alicia : - Stop. Stop. Stop! I went to Wheeler. Good, good. There is no William Parcher. 

John Nash : Of course there is. - I've been working for him. (data: 20.3) 

Alicia : Doing what? Breaking codes? Dropping packages in a secret mailbox for the 

government to pick up? 

John Nash : How could you know that? 

Alicia : Sol followed you. - He thought it was harmless. 

John Nash : - Sol followed me? 

Alicia : They've never been opened. It isn't real. There is no conspiracy, John. There is no 

William Parcher. It's in your mind. Do you understand, baby? You're sick. You're sick, John. John?! 

John! 

John Nash gets treatment in the hospital, and Alicia visited him. When she 

saw him, she felt offense because she must entry him to that place. Then she said that 

she was so sorry to John Nash, and John Nash answer that was okay. Because have 

along days they doesn’t meet each other, Alicia said that she missed him. But John 

Nash wasn’t given an response to Alicia, but he said that he had talked to her. He had 

been thought about that. And he did realize that his behavior and inability to 

discussed situation with she must had appeared insane. He left her with another 

choice. He did understood and he was truly sorry. Alicia response and said that was 

okay, and John Nash tried explain to Alicia what had happened with him, the he said 

that everything gonna been all right. They just had to talk quietly. Another might be 

listening. There might be microphones. He was gonna talked her everything. That 

was breaking with protocol but she need to knew, because she had to help him got out 

of there. He had been doing top-secret work for the government. There was a threat 

that exists of catastrophic proportions. He thought the Russians felt his profile was 

too high. That was why the simply just didn’t did away with him. They were keeping 

57

him there to try to stop him from doing his work. He asked Alicia to get to wheeler; 

she had to found William Parcher. Because that utterance looks very asinine Alicia 

asked John Nash to stop his speech, but John Nash still continuous with his explain 

that William Parcher could help them. Alicia doesn’t hold out with him, with up 

voice Alicia said that she went to Wheeler but there wasn’t Parcher. John Nash hell- 

bent to tell the truth to Alicia that of course there was. He had been working for him. 

Alicia asks to John Nash what is the truly happen in his life, she asked that what had 

been doing, breaking codes, dropping packages in a secret mailbox for the 

government to pick up, because he felt that Alicia known what has he done in the 

long time ago, then John Nash asked that how could she knew that. Alicia answered 

that Sol followed him, he thought that was harmless. John Nash felt startled and 

asked that Sol followed him, and then Alicia said that they had never been opened, 

that wasn’t real. There was not conspiracy. There was no William Parcher. That was 

in his mind. She also talked that he was sick. 

In the utterance (20.1/ 20.2/ 20.3) it was difficult for Alicia to interrupt his 

speech. When he explained what had happened in his life, he tried to talk the truth to 

Alicia. But, suddenly his story was heard so illogical for Alicia, and then when he 

tried to stop his utterance it was very difficult for her to interrupt because he always 

continued with his opinion. This can be classified as Pressure of Speech, because 

there is an excessive flow of words to such as an extent that it becomes difficult to 

interrupt the speaker. 

58

Pressure of speech found when the utterance is difficult to interrupt, because 

he felt that he must explain and tell the truth what had happened. But he didn’t feel 

that what he said is illogical for another, as he said in the data (20.1/20.2/ 20.3). 

The utterance in the (data: 20.1/ 20.1/ 20.3) is caused by the delusion, because 

John Nash believes that what had happen in his life was true. His hallucination friend 

Parker was really present. Then he said to Alicia all of had happen in his life. That 

was make Alicia fells strange, because what he said is really only his delusion and 

hallucination. 

There is an utterance in the dialog of the movie which has the same type as 

the example above; it is data (18.1/ 18.2/ 18.3/ 18.4/ 18.5). 

4.2 Discussion 

This section discusses the finding of data <strong>analysis</strong>. From the findings above, 

there are some types of comprehension disorder. The following is the answer of the 

research problem. 

4.2.1 What are the kinds of comprehension disorder suffered by schizophrenic? 

The research has analyzed the utterances in “A Beautiful Mind” movie which 

are categorized into type of comprehension disorder. In the result, there were 24 

utterances which belong to comprehension disorder; they are derailment, flight ideas, 

retardation, blocking, pressure of speech, circumstantiality, perseveration, 

incoherence and irrelevant answer. Furthermore, there are three types of 

59

comprehension disorder were not found; they are word salad, neologism, and clang 

association. 

4.2.1.1 Derailment 

John Nash as main character in A Beautiful Mind Movie applies 

comprehension disorder in his speaking. The first type found in his speech is 

derailment. Ginsberg (1985) stated that Derailment is gradual or sudden 

deviation in one’s train of thought without blocking. It means, when an 

utterance has a change in the track of thought or out from the topic, there is 

preserved, but misdirected determining of tendency/ goal of thought. As the 

example is the utterance in (data: 1) “there could be a mathematical 

explanation for how bad your tie is”. This utterance is out of the topic of his 

conversation with his friends. 

4.2.1.2 Flight of Ideas 

Ginsberg (1985) sated that flight of ideas is an extremely rapid 

progression of ideas with a shifting from one topic to another so that a 

coherent whole is maintained and considerable digression occurs from the 

beginning to the ending of the story. Andreasen (1979) also states “flight of 

ideas is a derailment that occurs rapidly in the context of pressure speech.” as 

sown in the data <strong>analysis</strong>, flight of ideas is applied in the utterance spoken by 

character. John Nash says in (data: 2), his utterance seen extremely rapid 

progression and also sifting from one topic he said about miscalculation to 

60

another topic about Nazi cipher and nonlinear equation. Its looks considerable 

digression occurs from the beginning to the ending of speech. 

4.2.1.3 Blocking 

An unconscious interruption in the train of thought to such an extent 

that progression of thought comes to complete halt. This is usually temporary, 

with thought process resuming after a short time (Ginsberg: 1985). There may 

be loss of a train of thought but patients do not appear concerned that the topic 

has been lost-rather; they pass on to the topic which distracted their thinking. 

As John Nash says in (data: 3) when he says “adequate work…” suddenly his 

thought getting trouble, he losing his topic but he didn’t felt that, than for 

second he tries to say”… without innovation.” 

4.2.1.4 Retardation 

Ginsberg (1985) stated that retardation is found when speech becomes 

slow and labored; often a lowered tone of voice is used. The patient may 

relate that his or her thought come slowly or that it is very difficult to 

concentrate or think about topic. As shown in (data: 4). 

4.2.1.5 Perseveration 

Perseveration is an occurrence in which the patient uses the same 

word, thought or idea repeatedly, often in response to several different 

questions (Ginsberg: 1985). As shown in the data (5) John Nash persistent 

repeatedly uses the same of words in his speech. 

61

4.2.1.6 Incoherence 

Incoherence thought is characterized by extreme loss of logical 

connection, distortion of grammar and idiosyncratic use of words 

(illustration). Similar to word salad, the different being that incoherence is 

generally marked by illogically connected phrases or ideas (Ginsberg: 1985) 

Some authors (Kaplan and Saddock, 1991) give separate definitions 

for incoherence and word salad. However, these terms appear to refer the 

same phenomenon and it is recommended that only one be used. 

Incoherence can sound like dysphasia and a neurological examination is 

mandatory in the event of sudden onset. Intoxication with various agents 

needs to be excluded. 

For example in (data: 9) when another people ask something, he 

could answer another thing which looks illogically to another people. 

4.2.1.7 Irrelevant answer 

Ginsberg (1985) stated that irrelevant answer is an answer that has no 

irrelevant to the question asked. As John Nash says in (data: 11), his answer 

has no irrelevant with Alicia question. 

4.2.1.8 Circumstantiality 

The patient is eventually able to relate a given thought or story, but 

only after numerous digressions and unnecessary trivial details. This occurs 

largely in persons who are not able to distinguish essential from nonessential 

62

details. It is often observed in persons of low intelligent, in epileptics, and 

in cases of advanced senile mental disorder (Ginsberg: 1985). As shown in 

the data (14), when John Nash would response to answer Alicia’s 

allurement, actually he gives a long story to gives an answer, but along of his 

story there were numerous digressions and unnecessary trivial detail in his 

story. 

4.2.1.9 Pressure of Speech 

Pressure of speech is an excessive flow of words to such an extent that 

it becomes difficult to interrupt the speaker (Ginsberg: 1985). Its means that 

when John Nash says something it will flow more then difficult to the other 

speaker to interrupt or cut or stop his speech. As shown in the data (18.1), 

(18.2), (18.3), (18.4) and (18.5). 

4.2.2 What are the contexts causing the comprehension disorder? 

The context causing of comprehension disorder are delusion and 

hallucination. Delusions are described as false, inaccurate beliefs that a person holds 

onto or adheres to even when he/she is presented with true, accurate information. As 

the example, when John Nash delivering a guest lectures at Harvard University, Nash 

realizes that he is being watched by a hostile group of people. Although he attempts 

to flee, he is forcibly sedated and sent to a psychiatric facility. Nash’s internment 

seemingly confirms his belief that the Soviets were trying to extract information from 

him. He views the officials of the psychiatric facility as Soviet kidnappers. 

63

Hallucinations are episodes of sensory perceptions, such as sights or sounds, 

which are not actually present. As shown, in his hallucination friends such as Charles, 

Marche and Parcher. Charles comes in his life firstly as his roommate, he always 

come when John Nash needs a friend for share his problems. Marche is young niece 

of Charles, she is always comes when Charles comes in his life. And Parcher comes 

firstly in his life when he works in the lab of MIT. Parcher always comes when he felt 

that his life threatened and chased by the Russians. 

In addition to delusions and/or hallucinations, an individual with 

schizophrenia frequently has incoherent or disorganized speech. And his/her behavior 

may be unusual or bizarre. 

The type of comprehension disorder, which mostly uttered by John Nash is 

derailment. There are 4 utterances in the movie that includes the type of derailment. 

Because when the schizophrenic got a delusion or hallucination his speech comes 

disordered, then it makes his utterance suddenly out from the topic that he would 

says. 

However, this research did not find the other types of language 

comprehension disorder such as word salad, neologism and clang association because 

the characters use the utterance as the reflect of his thought which influenced by his 

delusion and hallucination. 

64

CHAPTER V 

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 

This chapter presents the conclusion and suggestions dealing with the findings 

of the <strong>analysis</strong>. It presents the summary of the findings which is discussed in the 

previous chapter and the suggestions for the readers. 

5.1 Conclusion 

This research examined the use of comprehension disorder used by the main 

character of a Beautiful Mind movie as one of the important aspect in understanding 

with the schizophrenic speech interaction. Schizophrenic has differences with another 

illness in which the schizophrenic not only have disorder on their mental, but they 

also impaired in their language comprehension. 

The research finds the comprehension disorder used by the main character of 

a Beautiful Mind movie converse as derailment, flight of ideas, clang associations, 

retardation, blocking, pressure of speech, perseveration, circumstantiality, neologism, 

word salad, incoherence and irrelevant answer. From the <strong>analysis</strong>, it is found that 

65

derailment is mostly used; it is shown when the speaker is unable to relate the word 

of speech into one train of thought. 

5.2 Suggestion 

According to the previous illustration, comprehension disorder becomes 

phenomena in schizophrenic’s language, which are interesting to be discussed since it 

gives more understanding for the readers to know the type of each utterance which 

uttered by schizophrenic. 

Become this research has not found the rest three types of comprehension 

disorder namely word salad, neologism and clang association; it is suggested to the 

next researchers to investigate the same field. Further researchers can investigate the 

<strong>psycholinguistic</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> on comprehension disorder completely and deeply with 

another context as the object of <strong>analysis</strong> by using the same theory. 

For English lecturers, especially <strong>psycholinguistic</strong> lectures, this research is 

expected to be an additional source or teaching materials in learning and teaching 

comprehension disorder. 

This research finds that schizophrenic has comprehension disorder which is 

influenced by his delusion and hallucination. Therefore, for those who interacted with 

schizophrenic patient needs to supports the patient to ignore the hallucination and 

delusion for avoid comprehension disorder. 

In US the phenomenon of schizophrenic is get more attention and plot from 

the government and another people. But in Indonesia, schizophrenic is ignoring 

66

although actually the suffer can be treated by ignored the delusion and the 

hallucination from their mind. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Spevack, Jerome M. 1981. Though Disorder; Literary Views of a Florida Asylum. 

Spevack press. 

Johnston, Marry Hollis & Holzman, Philip S. 1979. Assessing Schizophrenic 

Thinking: A Clinical and Research Instrument for Measuring Thought 

Disorder. Books on Demand. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia. Retrieved April 17, 2009. 

http://www.schizophrenia.com/family/sz.overview.htm. Retrieved September 1, 

2009. 

De Saussure. F. 1962. Course de Linguistique Generale. Paris: Payot. 

http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Mental_Health_Information/ 

Schizophrenia/schizophrenia_glossary_pr.html. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 

http://www.suicideandmentalhealthassociationinternational.org/schizgloss.html. 

Retrieved June 5, 2009. 

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2009. 

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ggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=54&ContentID=23036. Retrieved 

December 10, 2009. 

Durand. V. Mark. & Barlow. David. H. 2007. Psikologi Abnormal. Yogyakarta: 

Pustaka Pelajar. 

Pridmore, S. 2009. Download of Psychiatry. Yew York: Harper Collins Publishers. 

Carrol, David, W. 1985. Psychology of Language. California: Brooks/ Cole 

Publishing Company. 

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Gale, Ian, G. 1989. Thought Disorder: A Study of its Diagnostic Poetntial in 

Schizophrenia and Mania Using the Bannister-Fransella Grid Test. 

University of Newcastle. 

Lampert, Harlan, I. 1988. Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Comparison of the 

Thought, Language and Communication Scale and the Thought Disorder 

Index. University of Maryland: College Park. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thought_disorder. Retrieved January 03, 2010. 

http://askdrobbert.dr-Robert.com/formalthoughtdisorder.html. Retrieved January 03, 

2010. 

http://www.doctorslounge.com/psychiatry/deseases/thought_disorder.html. Retrieved 

January 03, 2010. 

http://frontierpsychiatrist.co.uk/formal-thought-disorder/. Retrieved January 03, 2010. 

http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec07/ch107/ch107b.html. Retrieved January 03,2010. 

http://en.wikipedia.orge/wiki/language_disorder. Retrieved January 03, 2010. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/expressive_language_disorder. Retrieved January 03, 

2010. 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_processing. Retrieved January 10, 2010. 

http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=6396. Retrieved 

January 10, 2010. 

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004367/Ia4.shtml. Retrieved January 10, 2010. 

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lngbrain/main.htm. Retrieved January 10, 2010. 

http://www.margaretkay.com/Disorder%20of%20Redaing%20Comprehension.html. 

Retrieved January 10, 2010. 

68

Appendix 

Synopsis of A Beautiful Mind Movie 

John Nash arrives at Princeton University as a new graduate student. He is a 

recipient of the prestigious Carnegie Prize for mathematics. Though he was promised 

a single room, his roommate Charles, a literature student, greets him as he moves in 

and soon becomes his best friend. Nash also meets a group of other promising math 

and science graduate students, Martin Hansen, Sol, Neilson, and Bender, with whom 

he strikes up an awkward friendship. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with 

numbers than people, which comes as no surprise to them after watching his largely 

unsuccessful attempts at conversation with the women at the local bar. 

Nash is seeking a truly original idea for his thesis paper, and he is under 

increasing pressure to develop his thesis so he can begin work. A particularly harsh 

69

ejection from a woman at the bar is what ultimately inspires his fruitful work in the 

concept of governing dynamics, a theory in mathematical economics. 

After the conclusion of Nash’s studies as a student at Princeton, he accepts a 

prestigious appointment at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), along 

with his friends Sol and Bender. 

Five years later while teaching a class on Calculus at MIT, he places a 

particularly interesting problem on the chalkboard that he dares his students to solve. 

When his student Alicia Larde comes to his office to discuss the problem, the two 

falls in love and eventually marry. 

On a return visit to Princeton, Nash runs into his former roommate Charles 

and meets Charles young niece Marcee, whom he adores. He also encounters a 

mysterious Department of Defense agent, William Parcher. Nash is invited to a secret 

United States Department of Defense facility in the Pentagon to crack a complex 

encryption of an enemy telecommunication. Nash is able to decipher the code 

mentally to the astonishment of other code breakers. 

Parcher observes Nash’s performance from above, while partially concealed 

behind a screen. Parcher gives Nash a new assignment to look for patterns in 

magazines and newspapers, ostensibly to thwart a Soviet plot. He must write a report 

of his findings and place them in a specified mailbox. After being chased by the 

Russians and an exchange of gunfire, Nash becomes increasingly paranoid and begins 

to behave erratically. 

After observing this erratic behavior, Alicia informs a psychiatric hospital. 

Later, while delivering a guest lecture at Harvard University, Nash realizes that he is 

70

eing watched by a hostile group of people. Although he attempts to flee, he is 

forcibly sedated and sent to a psychiatric facility. Nash's internment seemingly 

confirms his belief that the Soviets were trying to extract information from him. He 

views the officials of the psychiatric facility as Soviet kidnappers. 

Alicia, desperate to help her husband, visits the mailbox and retrieves the 

never-opened "top secret" documents that Nash had delivered there. When confronted 

with this evidence, Nash is finally convinced that he has been hallucinating. The 

Department of Defense agent William Parcher and Nash's secret assignment to 

decode Soviet messages was in fact all a delusion. Even more surprisingly, Nash's 

friend Charles and his niece Marcee are also only products of Nash's mind. 

After a painful series of insulin shock therapy sessions, Nash is released on 

the condition that he agrees to take antipsychotic medication. However, the drugs 

create negative side-effects that affect his relationship with his wife and, most 

dramatically, his intellectual capacity. Frustrated, Nash secretly stops taking his 

medication and hoards his pills, triggering a relapse of his psychosis. 

While bathing his infant son, Nash becomes distracted and wanders off. Alicia 

is hanging laundry in the backyard and observes that the back gate is open. She 

discovers that Nash has turned an abandoned shed in a nearby grove of trees into an 

office for his work for Parcher. Upon realizing what has happened, Alicia runs into 

the house to confront Nash and barely saves their child from drowning in the bathtub. 

When she confronts him, Nash claims that his friend Charles was watching their son. 

Alicia runs to the phone to call the psychiatric hospital for emergency assistance. 

Parcher urges Nash to kill his wife, but Nash angrily refuses to do such a thing. After 

71

arguing with Parcher, Nash accidentally knocks Alicia to the ground. Afterwards, 

Alicia flees the house in fear with their child, but Nash steps in front of her car to 

prevent her from leaving. After a moment, Nash realizes that Marcee is a figment of 

his hallucinations because she has remained the same age since the day he met her. 

He tells Alicia, "She never gets old." Only then does he accept that all three people 

are, in fact, part of his hallucinations. (It is important to note that in real life, Nash 

suffered from auditory hallucinations and possible delusions, instead of visual 

hallucinations). 

Caught between the intellectual paralysis of the antipsychotic drugs and his 

delusions, Nash and Alicia decide to try to live with his abnormal condition. Nash 

consciously says goodbye to the three of them forever in his attempts to ignore his 

hallucinations and not feed his demons. However, he thanks Charles for being his 

best friend over the years, and says a tearful goodbye to Marcee, stroking her hair and 

calling her "baby girl", telling them both he wouldn't speak to them anymore. 

Nash grows older and approaches his old friend and intellectual rival Martin 

Hansen, now head of the Princeton mathematics department, who grants him 

permission to work out of the library and audit classes, though the university will not 

provide him with his own office. Though Nash still suffers from hallucinations and 

mentions taking newer medications, he is ultimately able to live with and largely 

ignore his psychotic episodes. He takes his situation in stride and humorously checks 

to ensure that any new acquaintances are in fact real people, not hallucinations. 

Nash eventually earns the privilege of teaching again. He is honored by his 

fellow professors for his achievement in mathematics, and goes on to win the Nobel 

72

Memorial Prize in Economics for his revolutionary work on game theory. Nash and 

Alicia are about to leave the auditorium in Stockholm, when John sees Charles, 

Marcee and Parcher standing and smiling. Alicia asks John, "What's wrong?" John 

replies, "Nothing." With that, they both leave the auditorium. 

conversation Context Conversation Type of 

language 

comprehension 

1 This conversation 

happens on the field in 

front of Princeton 

university, when they 

got a party as the new 

graduate student. And 

most of them talked 

about Carnegie 

Scholarship. They 

believe that Hansen 

would get it. 

2 Hansen makes a 

mistake, he thinks that 

John Nash was a 

waiter, then he asks 

him to take another 

drinking, and John 

Neilson : It's the first time the 

Carnegie prize has been 

split. Hansen's all bent. 

Bender : Rumor is he's got his sights 

set on Wheeler Lab, the new 

military think tank at M.I.T. 

Neilson : They’re only taking one this 

year. Hansen's used to being 

picked first. 

Bender : Oh, yeah, he's wasted on 

math. 

Neilson : He should be 

running for president. 

John Nash : There could be a 

mathematical explanation for how bad your 

tie is. (data: 1) 

(Laughs) 

John Nash : Hansen. Honest mistake. 

Well, Martin Hansen. It is Martin, isn't it? 

Hansen : Why, yes, John, it is. 

John Nash : I imagine you're getting 

quite used to miscalculation. I've read your 

pre-prints... Both of them. The one on Nazi 

73 

disorder 

Derailment 

Flight of ideas

Nash said sorry that he 

not a waiter. Ask 

pardon is not Hansen 

ability, and then John 

Nash feel that it was 

honest mistake. 

3 When Hansen and 

John Nash begin to 

playing the chess, 

Hansen asks 

something to John 

Nash. 

4 Hansen was won again 

for twist in his games 

and john Nash doesn’t 

acceptance his 

shellacking. Then it 

makes him looks 

confuse, why he got 

defeated. 

5 Two days John Nash 

has been in the library, 

but he couldn’t find a 

topic for his doctorate. 

He spoke with his 

imagine friend 

Charles, when he want 

leave the library, 

suddenly he says.. 

6 Part of student spends 

their night in local bar. 

That night, Neilson 

was contiguous by two 

ladies, and one of 

them tries to get 

ciphers, and the other one on non-linear 

equation, and I am supremely confident that 

there is not a single seminal or innovative 

idea in either one of them. Enjoy your punch. 

(data: 2) 

(Chuckles) 

Hansen : Let me ask you something, 

John. 

John Nash : Be my guest, Martin. 

Hansen : Bender and Sol here 

correctly completed Allen's proof of Perrot’s 

Conjecture. 

John Nash : Adequate work...without 

innovation. (data: 3) 

Sol : Oh. I'm flattered. You 

flattered? 

Bender : Flattered. 

(Chuckles) 

John Nash : You should not have won. 

Hansen : Hmmm. 

John Nash : I had the first move, my... 

my play was perfect. The 

hubris of the defeated. The 

game is flawed. (data: 4) 

Hansen : Gentlemen, the great John 

Nash. 

John Nash : I have respect for beer. I 

have respect for beer! I have respect for 

beer. (data: 5) 

Neils : Maybe you want to buy me a 

drink. 

John Nash : I don't exactly know what I'm 

required to say in order for you to have 

intercourse with me, but could we assume 

that I said all that? Essentially we're talking 

74 

Blocking 

Retardation 

Perseveration 

Derailment

John’s attention, then 

their friend ask him to 

approximate her. 

John Nash 

approximates her, and 

he feels difficult to 

begin conversation. 

Then a lady begins to 

ask him. 

7 It was happen in the 

billiard room. Part of 

the students play 

billiard, but John Nash 

busy with his work to 

find the result of his 

paper. 

8 In the billiard room, 

there comes a group of 

beautiful ladies, 

Hansen and friends 

stunned them, then 

they begin to get the 

strategy to find the 

blonde lady. They ask 

John Nash to stop his 

work and give them to 

get the idea. And they 

use Adam Smith 

theory, the father of 

modern economic to 

solve their 

competition to get the 

blonde lady, and all of 

them share their 

opinions. But 

suddenly John Nash 

give the another 

strange opinion, which 

make their friends 

confuse. 

about fluid exchange, right? So, could we 

just go straight to the sex? (data: 6) 

Neils : Oh, that was sweet. Have a 

nice night, asshole! 

Sol. : Nash, you might want to 

stop shuffling your papers for five seconds. 

John Nash : I will not buy you gentlemen 

beer. (data: 7) 

Bender. : Oh, we're not here 

for beer, my friend. 

John. : Oh. 

(Sol Chuckles) 

John Nash : Adam Smith needs revision. 

Hansen : What are you talking about? 

John Nash : If we all go for the 

blonde...we block each other. Not a single 

one of us is gonna get her. So then we go for 

her friends, but they will all give us the cold 

shoulder because nobody likes to be second 

choice. Well, what if no one goes for the 

blonde? We don't get in each other's way, 

and we don't insult the other girls. That's the 

only way we win. That's the only way we all 

get laid….. (Laughs)... Adam Smith said the 

best result comes from everyone in the group 

doing what's best for himself, right? That's 

what he said, right? (data: 8) 

Hansen : Right. 

John Nash : Incomplete. Incomplete, 

okay? Because the best result will come... 

from everyone in the group doing what's best 

for him self... and the group. 

Hansen : Nash, if this is some way for 

you to get the blonde on your own, you can 

go to hell. 

John Nash : Governing dynamics. 

Governing dynamics. Adam Smith...was 

wrong. 

75 

Derailment 

Flight of ideas

9 John Nash was made 

the cover of fortune 

magazine again. And 

Bender informs him 

about it. 

10 John Nash was made 

the cover of fortune 

magazine again. And 

bender informs him 

about it. 

11 When bender asks 

something, John Nash 

response his question 

by using irrelevant 

answer. 

12 It happen in the class 

when the atmosphere 

very hot, and most of 

student complain to 

open the windows. 

13 Alicia go into the John 

Nash’s office to 

inform that he has 

leave his time for 

teaching for about half 

an hour, and all of 

student has waiting for 

Bender : You made the cover of 

Fortune... again. 

John Nash : Please note the use of the 

word "you," not "we." That was supposed to 

be just me. (data: 9) 


Bender : You made the cover of 

Fortune... again. 

John Nash : Please note the use of the 

word "you," not "we." That was supposed to 

be just me. 


John Nash : So not only do they rob me of 

the Fields medal, now they put me on the 

cover of Fortune magazine with these hacks, 

these scholars of trivia. (data: 10) 

Bender : John, exactly what's the 

difference between genius and most genius? 

Bender : John, exactly what's the 

difference between genius and most genius? 

John Nash : Quite a lot. He's your son. 

(data: 11) 

Student : Can we leave one open, 

Professor? It's really hot, sir. 

John Nash : Your comfort comes second 

to my ability to hear my own voice. 

Personally, I think this class will be a 

waste...of your...And what is infinitely 

worse...my time. However, here we are. So 

you may attend or not. You may complete 

your assignments at your whim. We have 

begun. Miss…(data: 12) 

Alicia : What are you working on? 

John Nash : Classified. 

Alicia : Everyone waited half an 

hour. 

John Nash : For? 

Alicia : Class. You missed class 

today. 

76 

Incoherence 

Incoherence 

Irrelevant 

answer 

Derailment 

Retardation

him. John Nash : Oh. I suspect that... nobody 

missed me. (Chuckles) (data: 13) 

14 Before Alicia get out 

from that room, she 

ask John Nash to get 

dinner. 

15 They get their first 

date in the park. And 

sit on the grass and 

laminar by carpet. 

Alicia asks to John 

Nash, because she 

feels that he doesn’t 

talk much as she 

looks. 

16 They get their first 

date in the park. And 

sit on the grass and 

laminar by carpet. 

Alicia asked to John 

Nash, because she 

feels that he doesn’t 

talk much as she 

looks. 

17 When John Nash 

explains his difficulty 

to interact with 

another people, Alicia 

Alicia : I'm wondering, Professor 

Nash, if I can ask you to dinner. You do eat, 

don't you? 

John Nash : Oh, on occasion, yeah. 

(Chuckles) Table for one. Prometheus alone 

chained to the rock with the bird circling 

overhead, you know how it is. 

…………(Laughs) 

No, I expect that you wouldn't...You 

wouldn't know. If you leave your address 

with my office, I'll pick you up Friday at 

8:00 and we'll eat. One more thing. Do you 

have a name, or should I just keep calling 

you "miss"? (data: 14) 

Alicia : You don't talk much, do 

you? 

John Nash : I can't talk to you about my 

work, Alicia. (data: 15) 

Alicia : I don't mean work. 

Alicia : You don't talk much, do 

you? 

John Nash : I can't talk to you about my 

work, Alicia. 

Alicia : I don't mean work. 

John Nash : I find that polishing my 

interactions in order to make them sociable 

requires a tremendous effort. I have a 

tendency to expedite information flow... by 

being direct. I often don't get a pleasant 

result. (data: 16) 

Alicia : Try me. 

John Nash : I find that polishing my 

interactions in order to make them sociable 

requires a tremendous effort. I have a 

tendency to expedite information flow... by 

77 

Circumstantiality 

Irrelevant 

answer 

Circumstantiality 

Flight of ideas

asks him to try her, 

and get another result. 

Then john Nash kisses 

Alicia. After that, John 

Nash gives the opinion 

about. 

18 John Nash forbids 

Alicia to turn on the 

lamp, because he 

believes that the 

danger was threaten 

her. There was 

Parcher in their house, 

who influences his life 

and his thought. 

19 In the hospital John 

Nash try to give some 

information to the 

doctor. 

being direct. I often don't get a pleasant 

result. 

Alicia : Try me. 

John Nash : All right. I find you 

attractive. Your aggressive moves towards 

me indicate that you feel the same way. But 

still, ritual requires that we continue with a 

number of platonic activities before we have 

sex. I am proceeding with those activities, 

but in point of actual fact, all I really want to 

do is have intercourse with you as soon as 

possible. Are you gonna slap me now? (data: 

17) 

Alicia : How was that result? 

Alicia : John? 

John Nash : Turn it off! Turn off the 

light! Why would you do that? Why would 

you turn the light on? (data:18.1) 

Alicia : What is wrong with you? 

John Nash : You have to go to your 

sister's. I left the car out the back. You take 

Commonwealth. - No side streets, you stay 

where it's crowded. (data: 18.2) 

Alicia : - John, I'm not going 

anywhere! 

John Nash : When you get to your 

sister's, you wait for me to call you. 

(data:18.3) 

Alicia : - No, I'm not going. 

John Nash : - Just get your things. 

(data:18.4) 

Alicia : - I'm not leaving...- stop! 

Stop it! 

John Nash : Please, Alicia. I'll explain 

when I can. (data:18.5) 

John Nash : (Weakly) Where am I? 

Dr. Rosen : Ahem. Macarthur 

Psychiatric Hospital. I find that highly 

unlikely. 

John Nash : You made a mistake. My 

work is non-military in application. (data: 

78 

Pressure 

of speech 

Incoherence

20 When Alicia observe 

him, he ring true to 

Alicia that there is 

mistake, and she must 

help him to go out 

from that place. 

19.1) 

Dr. Rosen : Which work is that, John? 

John Nash : I don't know anything. (data: 

19.2) 

Dr. Rosen : (Laughs) There's no good in 

keeping secrets, you know. 

(Groans) 

(Buzzer) 

Alicia : I'm so sorry. 

- John : It's okay. 

Alicia : - I missed you. I missed you. 

John Nash : I have to talk to you. Okay. 

Alicia, I've been thinking about it, and I do 

realize that my behavior and my inability to 

discuss the situation with you must have 

appeared insane. I left you with no other 

choice. I do understand... - and I'm truly 

sorry. 

Alicia : That's okay. 

John Nash : Everything's gonna be all 

right. Everything's gonna be all right. We 

just have to talk quietly. They may be 

listening. There may be microphones. I'm 

gonna tell you everything now. It's breaking 

with protocol but you need to know, because 

you have to help me get out of here. I've been 

doing top-secret work for the government. 

There's a threat that exists of catastrophic 

proportions. I think the Russians feel my 

profile is too high. That's why they simply 

just don't do away with me. They're keeping 

me here to try to stop me from doing my 

work. You have to get to Wheeler. - You have 

to find William Parcher. (data; 20.1) 

Alicia : Stop. 

John Nash : - He can help us. (data: 

20.2) 

Alicia : - Stop. Stop. Stop! I went to 

Wheeler. Good, good. There is no William 

Parcher. 

John Nash : Of course there is. - I've 

been working for him. (data: 20.3) 

Alicia : Doing what? Breaking 

79 

Pressure of 

speech

21 John Nash draws his 

baby bath in the 

bathroom, and Alicia 

going to grab the 

laundry. But Alicia 

hears the radio voice 

then she running to 

that place, after that 

she know that john 

still did some strange 

work behind her. So 

he runs home to get 

her baby. 

22 When dr. Rosen ask 

the solution of his 

medication, John Nash 

doesn’t want to get the 

treatment from that 

hospital, because he 

couldn’t response his 

wife and his baby, 

then he ask another 

way to get the 

solution. 

23 To interact and fill 

their time, john Nash 

comes to the Hansen 

office, to ask a job 

which could help him 

codes? Dropping packages in a secret 

mailbox for the government to pick up? 

John Nash : How could you know that? 

Alicia : Sol followed you. - He 

thought it was harmless. 

John Nash : - Sol followed me? 

Alicia : They've never been opened. 

It isn't real. There is no conspiracy, John. 

There is no William Parcher. It's in your 

mind. Do you understand, baby? You're sick. 

You're sick, John. John?! John! 

Alicia : John! 

John Nash : I've almost got it! Charles, 

you just watch the baby. - (Baby Crying) I’ve 

got one more to close! 

Alicia : - No! 

John : I'll be right there. 

Alicia : - Oh, God. - (Crying) I need 

a towel. Shhh. 

John Nash : Charles was watching him. 

He was okay. (data: 21.1) 

Alicia : There is no one here. 

John Nash : - Charles was watching him. 

(data: 21.2) 

Dr. Rosen : - There's no theorem, no 

proof. - You can't reason your way out of 

this. 

John Nash : - Why not? Why can't I? 

Dr. Rosen : Because your mind is where 

the problem is in the first place. 

John Nash : I can do this. I can work it 

out. All I need is time. Is that the baby? 

(data: 22) 

Alicia : The baby's at my mother's, 

John. 

(Marcee Humming) 

Hansen : Come. 

John Nash : Hello, Martin. 

Hansen : Jesus Christ. 

John Nash : No. l... I don't have that one. 

My savior complex takes on a completely 

80 

Perseveration 

Derailment 


to lost his imagine 

which has been he 

suffering. 

24 In the library, John 

Nash met with the first 

student who has been 

studying his 

developing a theory. 

different form. 

(Nash Chuckles) (data: 23) 

Hansen : I heard what happened and 

well, l... I wanted to write and I tried you at 

Macarthur's but you'd left, and I just... 

John Nash : this is Hollinger’s old office. 

Hansen : Yeah. Yeah, I stole it from 

him. 

Student : Did you just solve 

Riemann? 

John Nash : Well, what do you think? 

Student : Huh. That's an analog 

to Fresenius for non-commutative 

extensions. 

(Chuckles) 

John Nash : Yes, it is. But it only appears 

to work sporadically, so, no. But... I believe 

I'm making progress. You're... (data: 24) 

Student : You’re John Nash, 

right? - Toby Kelly. 

John Nash : - Hello. 

81

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