Free State provincial article - South African Vacations

Index
OVERVIEW...........................................................................................................................3
CLIMATE ..............................................................................................................................6
ROUTES ...............................................................................................................................6
BBT HERITAGE ROUTE....................................................................................................6
DIAMOND AND WINE ROUTE ..........................................................................................6
GOLDFIELDS ROUTE .......................................................................................................7
MALUTI ROUTE.................................................................................................................7
N6 ROUTE .........................................................................................................................7
REGIONS..............................................................................................................................8
LEJWELEPUTSWA..............................................................................................................8
ALLANRIDGE.....................................................................................................................9
BOSHOF ..........................................................................................................................10
BOTHAVILLE ...................................................................................................................11
BRANDFORT ...................................................................................................................14
BULTFONTEIN.................................................................................................................15
DEALESVILLE..................................................................................................................16
HENNENMAN ..................................................................................................................17
HERTZOGVILLE ..............................................................................................................17
HOOPSTAD .....................................................................................................................18
ODENDAALSRUS............................................................................................................19
THEUNISSEN ..................................................................................................................20
VENTERSBURG ..............................................................................................................22
VIRGINIA..........................................................................................................................23
WELKOM..........................................................................................................................25
WESSELSBRON..............................................................................................................27
WINBURG ........................................................................................................................28
MOTHEO REGION .............................................................................................................29
BLOEMFONTEIN .............................................................................................................30
BOTSHABELO .................................................................................................................41
DEWETSDORP................................................................................................................41
EXCELSIOR .....................................................................................................................42
HOBHOUSE .....................................................................................................................43
LADYBRAND....................................................................................................................44
THABA ‘NCHU .................................................................................................................47
TWEESPRUIT ..................................................................................................................48
VAN STADENSRUS.........................................................................................................49
WEPENER .......................................................................................................................49
NORTHERN FREE STATE.................................................................................................51
DENEYSVILLE .................................................................................................................52
EDENVILLE......................................................................................................................53
FRANKFORT....................................................................................................................54
HEILBRON .......................................................................................................................56
KOPPIES (including Kwakwatsi) ......................................................................................58
KROONSTAD...................................................................................................................61
ORANJEVILLE .................................................................................................................64
PARYS .............................................................................................................................65
1

SASOLBURG ...................................................................................................................69
TWEELING.......................................................................................................................72
VILJOENSKROON ...........................................................................................................72
VILLIERS..........................................................................................................................73
VREDEFORT ...................................................................................................................73
THABO MOFUTSANYANA (EASTERN FREE STATE).....................................................76
ARLINGTON.....................................................................................................................77
BETHLEHEM....................................................................................................................77
CLARENS.........................................................................................................................79
CLOCOLAN......................................................................................................................83
CORNELIA .......................................................................................................................85
FICKSBURG.....................................................................................................................85
FOURIESBURG ...............................................................................................................91
HARRISMITH (Including Swinburn and Van Reenen)......................................................94
KESTELL..........................................................................................................................98
LINDLEY...........................................................................................................................99
MARQUARD...................................................................................................................101
MEMEL...........................................................................................................................103
PAUL ROUX...................................................................................................................104
PETRUS STEYN ............................................................................................................106
PHUTHADITJHABA/QWA-QWA ....................................................................................107
REITZ-PETSANA ...........................................................................................................109
SENEKAL.......................................................................................................................111
STEYNSRUS..................................................................................................................113
VREDE ...........................................................................................................................113
WARDEN........................................................................................................................115
XHARIEP REGION ...........................................................................................................116
BETHULIE......................................................................................................................117
EDENBURG ...................................................................................................................118
FAURESMITH ................................................................................................................119
XHARIEP DAM...............................................................................................................121
JACOBSDAL ..................................................................................................................122
JAGERSFONTEIN .........................................................................................................124
KOFFIEFONTEIN...........................................................................................................126
LUCKHOFF ....................................................................................................................128
PETRUSBURG...............................................................................................................128
PHILIPPOLIS..................................................................................................................130
REDDERSBURG............................................................................................................131
ROUXVILLE ...................................................................................................................133
SMITHFIELD ..................................................................................................................134
SPRINGFONTEIN ..........................................................................................................135
TROMPSBURG..............................................................................................................136
ZASTRON ......................................................................................................................137
SOURCES ........................................................................................................................139
2

OVERVIEW
Free State Department of Tourism, Environmental and Economic Affairs
Physical address: Bojanala Building, 34 Markgraaf Street, Bloemfontein, 9301
Postal address: Private Bag X20801, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, 9300
Tel: +27 (0) 51 403 3719
Fax: +27 (0) 51 403 3718
Website: http://www.freestateprovince.co.za
A golden thread runs through the Free State, the kidney-shaped province that lies deep in
the heart of South Africa. The rich seams of gold ore that run for many kilometres
underground are echoed in the golden fields of wheat, maize and sunflowers that stretch
above ground as far as the eye can see. The skies of the Free State are also edged with
gold as the rays of the afternoon sun bathe the sandstone rock formations of the Golden
Gate National Park in the Eastern Free State in coppery gold.
Some 2000 million years ago, a meteorite crashed into the
earth near the present-day town of Vredefort. This
phenomenon not only created the Vredefort Dome, a fertile
basin with beautiful natural vegetation, but also changed
the composition of the earth’s crust and determined the
position of the gold-bearing reefs of South Africa.
3
The impact caused the gold-bearing reefs to
circle out into a much larger “dome”
underground and pushed the reefs as far as
the Witwatersrand. But it did not leave the Free
State wanting. The Free State produces nearly
21 per cent of the world’s gold and accounts
for half of South Africa’s total gold output.

Just as the province nestles safe in the heart of the country, the people of the province are
willing to take visitors to their hearts, to welcome them into their homes and show them
their way of life. Most of the visitors to the province comment on the genuine warmth and
hospitality with which Free State people treat visitors and state this as one of the reasons
why they often return. Tired city dwellers often come here to show their children how their
grandparents once made a living on farms or to relax in one of the many game reserves.
Whether they are English-, Afrikaans- or Sotho-speaking, visitors to the Free State can all
find a spiritual home in the province with the heart of gold.
4
The Free State is completely
landlocked, bordered by six of the
nine provinces of South Africa
and folded protectively around
the Kingdom of Lesotho. The rich
soils and strong rivers of the
province create rich and glorious
life and the Free State is not
called the “food basket” of the
country without reason. Fields of
maize, wheat and sunflowers
cover vast acres of farmland, and
dairy, sheep and cattle farming
also contribute strongly to the
economy of the province.
Many holidaymakers drive through the Free State annually on their way to and from the
Western Cape. Over the last few years in particular, many people have realised that the
Free State is not just a throughway, but has unique features of its own to recommend it to
the discerning traveller. Like the discoverers of old, people need to explore the Free State
to truly appreciate its attraction as a place where people can escape the hustle and bustle
of city life, take leisurely walks amid historical or natural surroundings and reconnect with
nature and other people.
Although the Free State does not have many cities and is not densely populated, it has an
extremely well-developed infrastructure. All its destinations are thus eminently accessible,
while still giving visitors the feeling of being in another world, well removed from city life.
Ride the main routes lined with the pink, purple and white cosmos wild flowers and gaze
beyond them at the fields of sunflowers facing the sun, the maize fields with their cobs
hanging heavy and the waving corn stalks and simply drink in the goodness of Mother
Nature.
The Lejweleputswa Region owes its main claim to fame to the mine surveyor who, in 1948,
sunk a borehole on the farm St Helena in search of water, but instead found a deep source
of gold-bearing ore linked to the gold reefs of the Witwatersrand. This discovery marked the
beginning of the Free State gold rush. “Lejweleputswa” means “grey stone” and refers to
the unprocessed gold-bearing rock that is found here. Lejweleputswa lies at the heart of the
“Maize Triangle”, where golden maize fields stretch from horizon to horizon and is also the
fourth most important manufacturing district in the country.
The Motheo Region is the home of Bloemfontein, the provincial capital and the business
and cultural hub of the Free State. This is the place of golden opportunities, where several

political parties saw the light of day and where the population of the province comes
together to merge into a cosmopolitan community. At night, the city lights form a golden
glow on the horizon, as locals and visitors revel in the cultural and entertainment
opportunities associated with city life. But Motheo is also a region of golden fields of wheat
and maize, where sheep and cattle graze. Game reserves and private farms, where gamewatching
and hunting are allowed, make up the rest of the region.
Kilometres and kilometres of maize fields, the yellowed cobs winking from afar,
interspersed with fields of sunflowers - this is the gold grown on the land in the Northern
Free State. This region produces the major portion of the country’s maize crop. With an
abundance of water and the presence of such diverse features as hilly grasslands, rugged
mountains, fertile highveld plains, the region can truly be said to have it all. In the extreme
north lies the mighty Vaal River, a prime holiday destination that is ideal for adventure
activities such as white-water rafting, canoeing, boating and angling. The presence of the
Vredefort Dome is another bonus for adventurers and anyone who enjoys a taste of the
unique and unusual. Inside the Dome area there are several adventure opportunities and
several species of plants and insects can be seen that are found nowhere else on earth.
The golden sandstone hills and
mountains of the Thabo
Mofutsanyana Region in the Eastern
Free State dominate the fields of
sunflowers, wheat and maize and
the orchards of peach trees and
cherries that stretch across its plains.
The hills and mountains, magical,
mystical places, were home to early
San and Sotho tribes and prehistoric
creatures and are rich in San rock art
and fossils. The skies of the Eastern
Free State are imbued with coppery
golden hues as the late afternoon
rays of the sun reflect off the fabulous sandstone highlands of the Golden Gate National
Park and its twin, Qwa-Qwa National Park.
5

The Xhariep region encompasses the tranquil, semi-arid hills, valleys and open grassland
planes and prairies of the Southern Free State. The mighty Orange River forms the region’s
southern border and feeds much of thefarmlands in the Free State and Northern Cape and
most of the industrial developments in the province. The golden theme is repeated in the
wheat and maize fields and vineyards of the region and in the warm, yellow hues of the
white wines produced at the Wilreza and Landzicht Wine Cellars.
The province has its own distinctive vegetation, which consists of almost 3 000 different
species of plants. There are six basic veld types and the vegetation can be divided into
three biomes, namely Grassland, Nama Karoo and Savannah. Savannah-type vegetation
has developed in the extreme western and north-western parts of the province. Acacia,
camel thorn and sweet thorn all thrive in this grassy area. The southern part of the province
consists of veld that has been invaded by Karoo vegetation (scrub). The south-western part
of the province is dry with Karoo vegetation. Dwarf trees, shrubs and succulents dot the
landscape. Since there is more moisture on the hills, grasses and trees are more common
here than on the dry plains.
CLIMATE
The weather conditions that characterise the Free State are typical of those of an interior
plateau: summer rains, cold winters and plenty of sunshine – between 60 and 85 per cent
of the days of the year are without significant cloud cover. Other factors that determine the
climate are altitude above sea level and distance from the ocean, which result in semiarid
to warm conditions in the west, semi-arid and cool conditions in the central parts and
moist and cool conditions in the eastern parts of the province, where the mountains are
often covered in snow. The southern part of the province is dry and hot in summer and cold
in winter. Frost occurs throughout the region usually from May to early September in the
west and up to early October in the east.
ROUTES
The Free State Tourism Authority has developed various self-packaged/self-drive tourist
routes to assist visitors to explore the many tourist attractions on offer in the various
regions. Choose any one of the following routes and, as the Free State people say, “Tloho
bone” – come and see!
BBT HERITAGE ROUTE
This route takes one to all the diverse attractions and activities of the Bloemfontein,
Botshabelo and Thaba ’Nchu Region, which all resort under the Mangaung Metropolitan
Municipality. Within this relatively small geographical area, one finds such a variety of
communities, landscapes and activities, that one will find it difficult to choose. But choose
one must and the route will help travellers to get to the most well-known attractions. From
the city lights of Bloemfontein to the traditions of rural Basotho villagers – this is the extent
of the diverse cultural and political heritage the region and its people offer you.
DIAMOND AND WINE ROUTE
This route follows in the footsteps of the diamond prospectors of yesteryear. Their efforts
resulted in a man-made hole (diamond mine) at Jagersfontein, which at 760 m is claimed to
be bigger than the better-known “Big Hole” at Kimberley. The wine cellars of Landzicht and
Wilreza in the semi-desert Jacobsdal area are a novelty not to be missed out on. The route
runs from Bloemfontein to Jacobsdal, Jagersfontein and Koffiefontein in the Xhariep
Region, to Kimberley in the Northern Cape and back to Bloemfontein.
6

GOLDFIELDS ROUTE
This route passes through the Lejweleputswa Region of the Free State. Stop over and
explore historic towns and the mines around which they were established. Watch as they
cast an ingot of gold. Welkom lies at the centre of this tourist region that spans an area of
some 9 000 square metres. Some of the well-known gold mining towns on this route are
Virginia, Allanridge and Odendaalsrus.
MALUTI ROUTE
This route forms the gateway to the mountain Kingdom of Lesotho and the Eastern Cape. It
starts at Ladybrand (to travel to Ladybrand from Bloemfontein take National Road N8). The
route passes Hobhouse (named after Emily Hobhouse, the famous British Human Rights
fighter at the time of the Anglo-Boer War), Jammersdrif, Wepener on the Lesotho border,
Van Stadensrus, Zastron at the foot of the Aasvoëlberg Mountain Range and further
east into the Maluti Mountains in Lesotho. Alternatively, the route passes south-east (on the
R726) to Sterkspruit (in the Eastern Cape) or south-west into Rouxville and the Eastern
Cape town of Aliwal North and its famous hot springs. One of the most important features
of the route is the RAMSAR accredited wetlands of the Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve at
Memel.
N6 ROUTE
Follow the N6 motorway to enter or exit the Free State from the south and take the
opportunity to see some of the Xhariep Region. The route links Bloemfontein, capital of the
Free State, with East London in the Eastern Cape and includes towns such as
Reddersburg and Smithfield. It passes through open countryside where sheep, cattle and
goats graze, past Anglo-Boer War battlefields and off-the-beaten track villages and towns
in both provinces. Motorists have dubbed this motorway “the friendly way” because of the
hospitality and sunny disposition of the people of these small, mostly farming, communities.
7

REGIONS
The Free State Province is divided into five regions: Lejweleputswa; Motheo; Northern Free
State; Thabo Mofutsanyana; and Xhariep.
LEJWELEPUTSWA
Lejweleputswa Tourism Authority
Street address: Tempest Road, Jim Fouche Park, Welkom, 9459.
Postal address: P O Box 2163, Welkom, Free State, South Africa, 9460.
Tel: +27 (0) 57 353 3094
Fax: +27 (0) 57 353 3382
E-mail: ainah@lejwe.co.za
In April 1948, a mine surveyor, Oscar Weiss, sunk a borehole on the farm St Helena. He
was in search of water, but instead found lava, and beneath it a thick seam of gold-bearing
ore linked to the gold reefs of the Witwatersrand. This discovery marked the beginning of
the Free State gold rush and also gave the area its name. “Lejweleputswa” means “grey
stone” and refers to the unprocessed gold-bearing rock that is found here.
Although gold is still mined in the region, it is expected that the ore will be depleted in
approximately 20 to 30 years from now. Alternatives are already being put into place to
ensure that economic survival will remain possible after the gold mines have been worked
out.
Fortunately, the region is blessed with adequate summer rainfall and fertile soil that make it
ideal for most types of farming. Lejweleputswa lies at the heart of the Maize Triangle,
where golden yellow maize fields stretch from horizon to horizon.
8

The Lejweleputswa Region is the fourth most important manufacturing district in the country
– six mines are in operation here and industries are expanding rapidly. The city of Welkom
is the industrial capital of the region.
ALLANRIDGE
In 1896, long before this mining town was named Allanridge, two British prospectors dug a
shaft on the farm Aandenk, removed some promising-looking ore and set off for London to
have it analysed. Unfortunately the two prospectors and their ore ended up at the bottom of
the sea when their liner sank. Several years later, in 1930, another prospector, Archibald
Megson, and his friend, Allan Roberts, a geologist and prospector, deepened the shaft but
had to stop drilling when their money ran out. It was only after the Second World War that
the hole was once again deepened and the gold-bearing Basal Reef was reached – a mere
120 m deeper than Megson and Roberts’ hole! Today, a small monument marks the site of
the original hole and the town proudly bears the name of Allan Roberts. One of the town’s
landmarks is the tall headgear and reduction works of the Lorraine Gold Mine and the
extensive lake formed and filled with water pumped from the underground workings.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Club sport: The town has a 9-hole golf club, bowling green, swimming pool and squash
courts.
ART AND CRAFTS
Candles: Hand-made candles are on sale from a private crafter in town.
Wood carved items: The town has its own local woodcarver and her beautiful
woodcarvings can be viewed on request.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: Allanridge Lake is a vision in pink, since it is the playground of thousands of
flamingos. Several other species of less flamboyantly coloured water birds also frequent
the lake.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Allan Roberts’ Memorial: The Allan Roberts’ Prospectors' Borehole Memorial is shaped in
the form of a key and symbolises the unlocking of the Free State goldfields.
Mine locomotive: An old mine locomotive named “Paulina” can be seen at the entrance to
the mine.
Museum: The Mynsinkgat (“Big Hole”) Museum on the farm Aandenk chronicles the history
of gold mining in and around the town.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Edel Olie/Eden Health: This family-run factory is one of the few in South Africa that
produces virgin sunflower oil using a technique that prevents the oil from warming up and
losing its potency. This technique also prohibits the use of additives. The oil thus produced
is rich in antioxidants and vitamin E. The factory also produces an Eden Health Oil
Cosmetic Collection of creams and treatment oils.
Target Gold Mine: This modern mine uses the deep-mining process to extract gold and is
situated in what is known as the “Bothaville Gap”; between two of the world’s biggest gold
9

fields namely those of Welkom and Klerksdorp. Underground tours and visits to the mine’s
foundry/smelting house can be organised on request.
BOSHOF
This typical Free State rural town was established in 1859 on the lovely Vanwyksvlei Farm
in an area characterised by saltpans. The town was named after Jacobus Boshof, the then
president of the Orange Free State and was the western administrative capital of the old
Orange Free State. Today, Boshof acts as the administrative centre of the Lejweleputswa
Region and is a peaceful rural town with friendly, hospitable people.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: Contact the Municipality for more information about the Spitskop and Vrede Hiking
Trails.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Rock Art: Several examples of San rock art can be seen on the farms Rondefontein and
Merriesfontein.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Boshof Nature Reserve: The small municipal nature reserve is home to a variety of
antelope, such as springbok and blesbok.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Battlefield site: The Poplar Grove Battlefield site is located close to town. This is the site
where, on 7 March 1900, the Boer General, Christiaan de Wet, ambushed the British forces
advancing on Bloemfontein. The ambush was not a success and the British nearly
succeeded in surrounding the Boers, who were forced to leave their defences and fall back.
Chris Van Niekerk Museum: The Chris Van Niekerk Museum focuses on the history of
Afrikaner folk dancing or “volkspele” as it is called in Afrikaans. This type of dancing
originated in Boshof.
Folk Dancing Monument: The Folk Dancing Monument honours Dr SH Pellissier, who
introduced “volkspele” to the town.
Gunpowder House: Boshof also has an old Gunpowder House dating from the Anglo-Boer
War.
Historic Buildings: Boshof has a collection of old historical buildings, including an old jail,
the Town Hall (built in 1905), the Dutch Reformed Church and lovely old Niemeyer House,
to name but a few.
Historic Tablet and Grave: A memorial tablet in honour of General De Villebois, the brave
French aristocrat and leader of the Foreign Legion of men who fought on the Boers’ side
during the Anglo-Boer War, is situated on Middendeel Farm close to the spot where he
died. He was first buried in the town’s cemetery but his remains were later removed to the
cemetery at the Magersfontein Battle site. His grave and headstone remain in the town’s
cemetery where they can still be seen.
Rooidak School: This historic little school, which is still in use, was the town’s first school.
A section of the Chris van Niekerk Museum has been set aside to preserve and exhibit
memorabilia relating to the school. The history of the school and of some of its famous expupils
such as late State Presidents Nico Diederichs and Dr Dönges, and the author, Mrs
10

SJA De Villiers, who taught a whole generation of young South African women how to cook
and whose cook book is still in print, is recorded and exhibited here.
Voortrekker Monument: The Voortrekker Monument was inaugurated in 1938 during the
centenary celebrations of the Great Trek of 1838.
BOTHAVILLE
The town of Bothaville, established in 1891 as a church parish called Botharnia is situated
at the confluence of the Vals and Vaal Rivers. In 1893 the town received municipal status
and was renamed Bothaville. Bothaville is located in one of the corners of the so-called
“Maize Triangle” and was officially recognised as the “Maize Capital of South Africa” in
February 1995. The region’s total annual maize crop is between 4 and 10 million tons,
depending on the rainfall and the production per hectare varies from under a ton per
hectare on subsistence farms to 10 tons on commercial farms. Bothaville is well known for
the annual NAMPO (National Maize Production Organisation) Harvest Day Show, the
largest privately owned agricultural show in the world, which is hosted here each May, and
the NAMPO Outdoor Living Expedition held in September each year. Many local and
international visitors regularly attend the agricultural show. The town also has a factory that
manufactures agricultural machinery and tractors and is the headquarters of Grain South
Africa (GSA).
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking, birdwatching and angling: There are several hiking trails in the vicinity, including
the Visarend and Mealie Trails. Wag-‘n-Bietjie Eco Farm offers visitors a fantastic hiking
trail, as well as superb birdwatching opportunities and fly-fishing from the banks of the
Vaal River.
Sport: The town has facilities for basketball, bowls, cricket, golf, horse riding (gymkhana),
karate, rugby, squash and jukskei. There is also a parachuting club and a marathon
running club.
11

Water sport: The nearby Vals and Vaal Rivers offer wonderful opportunities for boating,
angling and other water sports.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Craft Shops: Several shops in town sell articles, such as concrete ornaments at De
Meyer Betonwerke, decorative furniture and paintings at Metal Magic, beautifully crafted
gold and silver jewellery at Cas Cordier Jewellers and Goldsmith, leather watches from
Anker Leather Works, and wooden puzzles and décor for children’s rooms from Deja Zoo.
Miniature Wire Cars: The business with the innovative name of Africars produces typical
South African wire cars and other toys that will appeal to the young and young at heart.
Model cars: Handmade model cars are manufactured to scale and sold on the farm
Vienna.
Pottery: Argilla Pottery designs and sells handmade pottery articles.
Tarentaalbosch Art Market: A big art and craft market is held at this venue, on the farm
Tarentaalbosch, at designated times during the year.
Thusanang: Lovely handmade articles produced by local residents are on sale at this
venue.
CULTURE/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Maize-Witblits-Culture Route: The Bothaville/Maize Capital Tourism Forum has compiled
and developed 18 routes that traverse the town and surroundings and that take in most - if
not all - the tourist attractions of the town and district. The attractions and leisure activities
that are included vary from hiking, river rafting and fly-fishing on the Vaal River, to visiting
museums, goldsmiths and art and craft markets. Visitors may also opt to pay a visit to one
of the farms in the district; there are a lion farm, pig farm and maize and cattle farm to
choose from. Most tours include a champagne breakfast and/or a chance to sample the
“witblits” for which the town is famous. Contact the Maize Capital Tourism Forum to find out
more or to book a tour (Tel: (056) 515 3042, Fax: (056) 515 3619).
12

ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Agricultural Show: The annual NAMPO (National Maize Production Organisation) Harvest
Day Show takes place in May each year on the NAMPO Farm where mostly summer grain
farmers and their providers exhibit their products and expertise and also organise and run
the show. More than 35 000 visitors, mainly other farmers, extension officers and
government officials, as well as the general public attend the show each year. There is a
landing strip and heliport on the farm and a commuter service connects the showground
with the airport and the town.
Outdoor Living Expo: NAMPO Outdoor Living Expo is hosted at the NAMPO farm in
September each year where outdoor, eco tourism and nature enthusiasts can attend live
demonstrations and find out what is on offer in the world of outdoor living.
Pioneer Maize Capital Food and Witblits Festival: This festival, held annually in October,
offers visitors a taste of the town’s locally produced liqueur and potent “witblits”, an
alcoholic drink said to “kick” like a mule! Other interesting drinks, dishes and foodstuffs
featuring the honoured mealie are on sale, as well as fresh vegetables and flowers and an
array of handmade arts and crafts. Come and enjoy true Free State hospitality.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Arabian horses: Middelbult Farm and Sadat Horse Farm are successful breeders of
Arabian horses. Visits to these farms are by appointment only.
Roses: Hundreds of different rose hybrids can be seen at Slots Roses and on Middelbult
Farm.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Distilling Vat: The word “witblits” means “white lightning” and is the name of a very potent
alcoholic drink, traditionally brewed by Afrikaners. Bothaville still preserves a copper vat
used in the distilling of “witblits”.
13

Doornkraal Battlefield and Monument: The Doornkraal Battlefield near Bothaville was the
site of a surprise attack on General Christiaan de Wet and his men on 6 November 1900.
Although De Wet escaped, the other members of his commando made a brave stand and
fought to the bitter end. De Wet’s escape led to a determined effort by the British to capture
him and became known as the second drive on de Wet. The Monument erected at the
battlefield site honours the 131 Boers who died in the attack.
Dutch Reformed Church and Vicarage: The imposing sandstone Dutch Reformed Church,
erected in 1918, was designed by Gerhard Moerdyk, the architect who designed the
Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria . The beautiful sandstone vicarage was built in 1898.
Historic Police Station: The oldest building in town, a three-room sandstone building in
President Street, was erected in 1894 to serve as a police station and prison. It now serves
as the town’s museum.
Rider Memorial: A marble Anglo-Boer War memorial, the Rider Memorial, is situated in
front of the Dutch Reformed Church.
Town Hall: This lovely old building is a structure well worth preserving.
BRANDFORT
Established in 1866 and named after the president of the Free State, President Brand,
Brandfort is today a mixed-farming centre and is also known as the place to which Winnie
Mandela was banished during the Apartheid era. The government at the time thought that
this move would minimise her influence on the disgruntled Africans in the townships on the
Rand. Her home subsequently became a tourist attraction.
ADVENTURE TOURISM
Angling: Palmietfontein Dam, in the Brandfort area, is open to anglers.
Bird-hunting: Grassland and Stone Safaris offer bird-hunting trips to interested parties.
Hunting: Several farms in the area offer hunting and game-watching safaris.
Quad biking: The Grasslands Quad biking trails are guided eco-trails through typical Free
State landscape. Clay pigeon shooting is also offered and accommodation is available in
an upmarket lodge.
Sport: The town has bowling, badminton, rugby, soccer, squash and tennis clubs, as well
as an 18-hole golf course.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Cyferfontein Flower Farm: Plants and cut flowers including Inca lilies and Michaelmas
daisies are cultivated on the farm Cyferfontein in the Brandfort district. Viewing is by
appointment only.
Prickly Pears: Prickly Pears are ripe and ready to be eaten from early January to the end of
March. Visit the Waterkloof Prickly Pear Farm in the Middekaalspruit area, where you will
not only be able to eat the fresh fruit but will also be able to find out about the 24 other uses
of this humble fruit.
14

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
De Aap Farm: The farm De Aap, one-time home of the first president of the Republic of
South Africa, CR Swart, is situated in the district and has been proclaimed a National
monument.
Dwyersdorp Concentration Camp: Dwyersdorp Concentration Camp, outside the town, was
named after Captain Dwyer, a humane man, who showed mercy towards the Boer women
and children incarcerated there and helped them wherever he could. A beautiful statue of
an angel, all in white, resting against an upright cross, in front of the Dutch Reformed
Church, honours the many women and children who died here. The Monument erected at
the Concentration Camp cemetery, on the farm Lovain, lists all the names of the dead.
Vice-Admiral Weston Home: The first aeroplane ever built in Africa saw the light of day on
the property of Vice-Admiral Weston, who lived in Brandfort. His home is now a popular
tourist attraction.
Voortrekker Memorial Wall: The memorial wall located in front of the Dutch Reformed
Church, honours the early Voortrekker settlers.
Winnie Madikizela Mandela’s House: The house in Majwemasweu to which Winnie
Madikizela Mandela, former wife of Nelson Mandela and chairlady of the ANC Woman’s
League was banished during the Apartheid era, is now a popular tourist attraction.
BULTFONTEIN
Bultfontein was established in 1874 on one side of the farm, Kameeldoorns. Bultfontein is
in a mainly farming district that gets its water from the Sand-Vet irrigation system. Several
farmers in the district breed pedigree cattle; Herefords, Limousins and Fries/Holsteins.
Other interesting farming activities include the cultivation of cut flowers on the farm
Rondepan, 10 km east of the town on the Theunissen Road.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: There are several private farms, such as Driehoek, Excelsior, Hanover, Hartenbos
and Holfontein, in the area that allow hunting during the season.
Sport: The town has a bowling green and golf course, as well as netball, rugby and tennis
facilities.
Water sport: Balanseer Dam, on the Wesselsbron Road, offers water sport opportunities to
locals and visitors alike.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: The many water features of Fontein Park entice a variety of aquatic birds to
the park and the large Protea Salt Pan, 13 km from the town, is inhabited by a colony of
flamingos.
Game viewing: The AC van Wyk Game Park, near town, is home to several different
species of game.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Grain Elevator: The largest grain elevator in the country is in the town.
Magistrate’s Court: The Magistrate’s Court, in Mark Street, survived many Anglo-Boer War
attacks.
15

Police Station Cell: The old police cell in van der Poel Street is worth a visit just for the fun
of it; it was erected more than 100 years ago!
DEALESVILLE
Dealesville is located in typical prairie country characterised by saltpans and thermal
springs. The world-renowned archaeological site at Florisbad lies approximately 40 km out
of town. Established in 1914, Dealesville supports mainly mixed-farming activities and the
harvesting of salt.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: The farm, Mooihoek, in the Dealesville district offers hunting facilities. Contact the
Municipality for more details.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Florisbad Archaeological Site: Florisbad is the site of the
famous Florisbad skull discovery; a skull fragment widely
accepted as an archaic Homo sapiens (people who were
almost, but not entirely modern humans), dating back
approximately 260 000 years. A replica of the skull can be
seen in the Bloemfontein National Museum.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Soetdoring Nature Reserve: The Soetdoring Nature
Reserve, on the banks of Krugersdrift Dam, is the closest
nature reserve to the town.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Jan Wessels Museum: Learn more about the history of the Free State at the Jan Wessels
Museum.
Voortrekker Monument: A Voortrekker Monument was erected in honour of the pioneer
Voortrekkers who left the Cape Colony in 1838 in search of a better life, free of threats to
their culture, language and property.
NATURAL WONDERS
Mineral Springs: The Florisbad/Baden Baden Mineral Springs are a popular holiday venue
with both geologists and tourists.
16

Saltpans: There are several natural saltpans in this area.
HENNENMAN
A railway “whistle-stop” station called Ventersburg Road, established in 1892, marked the
spot where the town of Hennenman would later be developed. The discovery of lime
deposits near the station saw two cement factories erected. However, what really
accelerated the development of the town was the discovery of gold on the farm Geduld
between Hennenman and Odendaalsrus. In 1927 the station was renamed Hennenman
and the settlement that had sprung up in the vicinity of the station eventually became a
town in its own right rather than just a halt on the road and railway line to somewhere else.
The private self-sustaining town of Whites, established to house workers of the two cement
factories, was later incorporated in the town.
HERTZOGVILLE
This town was named for one of South Africa’s former Prime Ministers, JBM Hertzog. There
are several cattle stud farms in the district.
ADVENTURE TOURISM
Hunting: Some of the farms in the area arrange hunting expeditions. Contact the
Municipality for more information.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Sport: The town has facilities for bowling, netball, tennis and “jukskei”, a traditional
Afrikaans sport.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Palmietpan Game Reserve: Palmietpan Game Reserve is home to many different species
of game and birds. There are trails, campsites and picnic spots in the reserve.
17

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Sandstone Church: The Dutch Reformed Church is a typical example of a Free State
sandstone church.
HOOPSTAD
Hoopstad was established on the farm Kameeldoorns in 1875. The town lies on the
northern bank of the Vet River and borders the Sandveld Nature Reserve. It is situated in
the rich maize-producing area of the Free State and is renowned for its many Afrikaner
cattle studs and game farms. However, there are also several Brahman, Hereford,
Bonsmara and Simmentaler stud farms in the vicinity and the country’s biggest game and
bull auction is held annually in the town. The town also has a factory where farming
implements and the well-known ACO tractor are manufactured and exported all over the
continent. Hoopstad is the home of the international tennis star, Amanda Coetzer.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Air ventures: Hoopstad has its own airfield with four
hangars. Flying lessons are offered and there is also
a micro-light club.
Country Club: The Hoopstad Country Club offers
several sporting facilities – tennis and squash
courts, a bowling green and golf course.
Hunting: Bird- and game-hunting opportunities are
available on several private farms in the district.
Water sport: Bloemhof Dam, on the Vaal River,
about 40 kms north-west of Hoopstad offers
excellent angling and water sport opportunities.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and crafts: Some of the art and crafts on sale in
the town and surroundings include paintings in
different media, creative needlework, quilting,
appliqué and leaded glass artwork.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Bird-watching: Contact the Municipality for more information about bird-watching
opportunities on Corista Farm and visits the various private bird breeders in the district.
Groenvlei Farm Game Breeding: Various types of game, especially lions, are bred on the
farm Groenvlei, 5 km from the town on the Hoopstad-Bloemhof Road.
Municipal Game Reserve: The reserve is situated next to the town and stocks a wide
variety of game. The reserve also has conference facilities, the Amanda Coetzer Lapa and
a braai area.
Reptiles: Mr Kobus Buys breeds snakes, crocodiles and other rare species of reptiles.
Contact him for an appointment.
Sandveld Nature Reserve: The 37 700 ha Sandveld Nature Reserve is next to the
Bloemhof Road, about 30 km from Hoopstad. It is home to animals such as giraffe,
18

wildebeest, tsessebe, white rhino, kudu and buffalo. The trees on the banks of the
Bloemhof Dam provide the ideal breeding place for birds such as egrets, cormorants and
ibises. Ducks, geese and flamingos are also frequent guests during certain times of the
year. The reserve provides accommodation in the form of camping sites, some with power
points, and holiday chalets with all the most modern conveniences.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic buildings: The historic sandstone Dutch Reformed Church, in the centre of town,
was inaugurated in 1892 and is well worth a visit. The church was used as a hospital during
the Anglo-Boer War and shots were fired from its bell tower. British soldiers carved their
names on the walls of the tower. The old Post Office Building, built in 1904, still stands and
today is used as a shop.
Japie Greyling Memorial: Japie Greyling was a young Boer boy born on a farm in the
district, who, during the Anglo-Boer War, staunchly refused to betray the whereabouts of
his father and elder brothers’ commando even when facing a British firing squad. He
became a hero and household name after General Sealy, the British officer in charge, was
so touched by his bravery that he spared his life. The story of Japie’s bravery was recorded
in the officer’s book “Fear and be slain”, written and published in Britain after the war. Sealy
was so impressed with Japie’s bravery that he wrote to him in 1932; 31 years after the
incident, saying that he would not rest before returning to South Africa to shake the hand of
the man who had been so brave as a boy. A bust of the boy is surrounded by a memorial
honouring all the residents of the town who died during the Anglo-Boer War.
ODENDAALSRUS
Odendaalsrus was established in 1899 by the Dutch Reformed Church on the farm Kalkkuil
and for many years, was one of the most isolated towns in the Free State. An almost
impassable track through the flat, sandy terrain caused more than one vehicle, even ox
wagons, to become bogged down in the soft sand. However, these conditions changed
dramatically with the discovery of a rich gold-bearing core and the subsequent flood of
fortune hunters that descended on the town. Today, Odendaalsrus is a pleasant, wellplanned
and modern gold-mining town.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Gliding: The town and surroundings offer excellent gliding conditions.
Motor racing: The Goldfields motor racing circuit, situated 2 km out of town on the road to
Hennenman, is regarded as one of the top five motor racing circuits in the world. Grand
Prix as well as local motorcar and motorcycle races, are regularly held at the circuit.
Sport: Angling, canoeing and motor boating facilities are available at Freddie’s Mine. The
mine also has horse riding, rugby and squash facilities. The town has its own tennis courts
and active marathon, netball, gymnastics, karate and wrestling clubs, as well as a carrierpigeon
club.
Canoeing: Canoeing is allowed on the Mimosa Dam.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Gallery: Art and crafts enthusiasts enjoy a visit to Ernie’s Art Centre in Josia Street.
FAUNA AND FLORA
De Rust Private Nature Reserve: The reserve is situated 25 km from town on the road to
Kroonstad. Accommodation is offered in a tent and caravan park with ablution blocks and
19

a swimming pool, as well as chalets and a guest house. Enjoy viewing game species, such
as gemsbok, eland, impala, lechwe, zebra and ostrich, as well as many other smaller
species of antelope.
Mimosa Dam Recreation Resort: The Mimosa Dam Recreation Resort is the perfect place
to take a weekend break.
Mini zoo: The “mini” zoo on Thelma Farm will appeal to children and grown-ups alike. Do
pay it a visit.
Municipal Gardens: The Municipal Gardens, in Church Street, offer a tranquil setting in
which to relax or take a leisurely stroll.
Quiver Trees: Although these trees are endemic to Namibia, a resident of the town
managed to establish a small “forest” of quiver trees (Aloe dichotoma) in his garden at 84
Erleigh Boulevard. The quiver tree gets its name from the early San warriors who used the
branches of the tree as quivers for their poisoned arrows. The tree is a slow-growing
member of the Aloe family and can grow to a height of up to seven metres. The trees
can be seen by appointment only.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Musical Recordings Collection: Mr Jimmy Marais and his wife are the owners of a unique
collection of historic music recordings and paraphernalia ranging from old tape recorders,
old turntables, LP records, the oldest dating back to 1892, needles, etc. and can be viewed
by appointment.
Sinkhuisie: View the first corrugated iron house erected in the town, on the corner of Kerk
and Oranje Streets.
THEUNISSEN
This town, founded in 1906, bears the
name of Colonel Helgaard Theunissen,
commandant of the Winburg Commando
during the Anglo-Boer War. Theunissen lies
in the centre of the Province and is
surrounded by rich agricultural land. It is
only 15 km from the Vet River and the
Erfenis Dam from which it receives its
water. Apart from the big maize crop
harvests raised in the area, this area is also
one of the few in the Free State to boast of
an estate vineyard. Mushrooms are also
cultivated in the area and the town also has
a cheese factory. There are several
goldmines and two diamond mines in the
area.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Golf: The town has its own golf course.
Water sports: Angling, canoeing, power boating and skiing opportunities abound at the
nearby Erfenis Dam. Abseiling facilities are also available.
20

ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Crafts Route: The town is one of the stops on the Goldfields Art Route. Weaving is
one of the crafts practised in this area.
CUISINE
Cheese factory: Five different kinds of cheese are made on the farm Welgeluk, namely
Gouda, Pepper Gouda, Garlic Gouda, Feta and low-fat cheese. Visit, taste and buy by
appointment.
Goldfields Wine Cellar: Wine can be sampled at the Goldfields Wine Cellar; the only
privately owned country estate wine cellar in the Northern Free State. Ask to see its
interesting cycad collection before you leave. This collection contains 29 of the 31 South
African varieties of cycad found in the country.
Mushrooms: Mushrooms are cultivated on Geluksfontein, a farm in the district. Make an
appointment to see the farm and sample their lovely delicacies.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve: The Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve lies in the grassveld and
vlei (marsh) region of the Free State about 18 km east of Theunissen. Beautiful karee and
wild olive trees grow along the ridges of the reserve. The turn-off to the reserve lies just off
the Theunissen-Winburg Road. Animals such as mountain reedbuck, red hartebeest and
zebra can be easily spotted in the open grass savannah. The reserve also has many
different species of terrestrial and aquatic birds and waterfowl, such as South African
shellduck and Egyptian geese. Accommodation consists of a caravan park with power
points for some of the sites, as well as a bush camp with five tents (2 beds per tent). All the
tents have power points and lights. Both the caravan park and the bush camp have
adequate ablution facilities. The dam in the reserve is home to several species of fish, such
as yellowfish, carp, barbel and Orange River mudfish. Angling is one of the most popular
activities in the reserve but visitors can also participate in other water sports, such as
skiing, canoeing, paragliding and windsurfing.
Tweefontein Nature Reserve and Game Farm: The farm is situated approximately 7 km
from the town. Game viewing and hunting, as well as birdwatching are offered. Game
species include the usual antelope and buck, as well as zebra, lion and giraffe.
Accommodation ranges from luxury log cabins, a bush camp for those who want to “rough”
it and a 100 year-old house that has been lovingly restored to its former glory. Wild dogs
are successfully being bred at the reserve.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Great Trek Monument: The Great Trek Monument is in the centre of town.
Paardenvallei Farm Museum: The Paardenvallei Farm Museum has a unique private
collection of antique furniture, books, Anglo-Boer War memorabilia and many other items of
antique and historic value. The owner of the farm has dedicated her life to recording the
history of her family and of other Afrikaans families in the district and of the farm on which
she lives. The farm is situated near the site of the Battle of Vet River and is one of only a
few farms and homesteads that were not burnt down by the British. Instead, the house was
used as a supply depot and hospital during the war. The graves of several British soldiers,
some trenches and the foundations of blockhouses erected by the British can still be seen
on the farm.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Mine Tours: Several of the old gold mines in the area offer underground tours.
21

VENTERSBURG
After the death of his father, the owner of the farm Kromfontein, PA Venter, allowed the
farmhouse to be used for church services. In 1864 a town began to develop and the first
plots were sold to prospective residents in 1871. However, Ventersburg only received
official town status in 1873.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Allemanskraal Dam: The beautiful Allemanskraal Dam, in the Willem Pretorius Game
Reserve, is the ideal venue for birdwatching, angling and water sports.
Hiking: There are hiking trails available in the nearby Bosrand Nature Reserve as well as in
the vicinity of the town. The three easy routes on the farm Koolspruit will appeal to novice
hikers. Contact the Municipality for more information.
Sport: The town has a bowling green and squash and tennis courts.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Leghoya Ruins: The well-preserved ruins of a prehistoric settlement of the long-vanished
Leghoya people can be seen on Doornberg, in the nearby Willem Pretorius Game Reserve.
ART AND CRAFTS
Pottery, paintings, candles and woodwork: Several resident artists in the town produce
lovely candles, woodwork articles, pottery and paintings in various media.
Find the latter at the corner of Eeufees and Van Andel Streets and view andmade candles
at 10 Springbok Avenue. Hip Hop in Pienaar Street sells art and various types of craftwork
and handmade articles.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Aventura Aldam resort: Visit the resort
with its lovely chalets situated along the
waterfront for a relaxing holiday or
weekend breakaway.
Farm Holidays: Visit farms such as
Strydfontein or Bundu Camp for a taste
of farm life and the added attraction of
4x4 and hiking trails, swimming, birdwatching
and angling opportunities.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birds: Bird lovers will enjoy an outing to
the “bird man” of Ventersburg, Mr Jan
van Wyk. Visits are by appointment
only. Bosrand Nature Reserve: This
reserve is a paradise for bird and
nature lovers and also offers hiking
routes and game drives.
Accommodation is provided in a chalet
with a “lapa” (an open, thatch-roofed
enclosure) and “braai” (barbecue)
facilities.
22

Inca Lilies: Make an appointment to visit this Inca Lily Farm in the vicinity of the town.
Rondebossie Farm: Visit the farm Rondebossie where you can view the lion, king of the
beasts, and his pride, as well as many other animals. Day visitors are welcome.
Tara Game Reserve: The reserve has several eco-tourism opportunities, such as game
drives and hunting facilities. Accommodation is available in a modern lodge, chalets, tents
and log cabins.
Willem Pretorius Game Reserve: The 12 000 ha Willem Pretorius Game Reserve is
situated on the Ventersburg Road 150 km north of Bloemfontein. The reserve is divided in
two by the Allemanskraal Dam and the Sand River. It houses two of the “Big Five” and the
hilly, densely vegetated northern part of the reserve is ideally suited for baboon and certain
species of antelope such as mountain reedbuck, kudu and duiker. Karee and white
stinkwood trees dot the shady ravines of the Doornberg and Bekkersberg mountains. The
southern part of the reserve features open grassy plains inhabited by antelope such as
eland, blesbuck, springbuck, wildebeest, hartebeest, as well as by zebra. The reserve has
excellent accommodation facilities, which include chalets and a bush camp that sleeps 16.
The reserve also allows for sport and water sports, such as angling, water-skiing,
windsurfing and paragliding. A particularly popular attraction is the “sundowner” cruise on
the dam.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglo-Boer War Battlefields: There are a number of Anglo-Boer War battlefields in the
vicinity.
Basotho War Rampart: The Basotho War Rampart, built by Moshweshwe in 1856 as a
defence against other raiders has been recreated next to the original wall, of which little
remains, and is preserved as a monument to the great leader.
Dutch Reformed Church: Every small town in the Free State has a Dutch Reformed Church
Building and Ventersburg is no exception. The original church, erected in 1890, was burned
down by the British during the Anglo-Boer War and the present church came into use in
1913.
Sand River Memorial: The Sand River Memorial, 15 km from town on road N1 to Winburg,
was built to commemorate the signing of the Sand River Convention in 1852, by which the
British recognised the independence of the Transvaal Boers.
Ventersburg Police Station Museum: The tiny corrugated-iron, two-man police station
served as the town's police station and jail from 1902 to 1954. Several exhibits and
dioramas are on view inside the building. The Ventersburg Police Station Museum is one of
five Police Museums in the country and the only original police station in South Africa that
has been fully restored.
VIRGINIA
The town of Virginia was laid out in 1954 and is situated between the gold and uranium
mines of Beatrix, Harmony, Free State Saaiplaas, Joel and Oryx. The town owes its name
to two American surveyors who were worki ng on the railway project in 1890 and who
carved the name of their home state, Virginia in the United States, on a boulder. This name
became the name of the local station and, in time, was extended to the new town. Virginia
is one of the most beautiful towns in the Free State and with the Sand River flowing through
the town, is also a popular holiday destination. An annual Sand River Festival celebrates
23

the town’s many attributes. To add to the attraction, hectare upon hectare of golden wheat
fields surrounds the town, lending it a distinct rural atmosphere.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sport: The Sand River is ideal for angling, canoeing, boating and
water-skiing activities and has been the venue for various South African water sport
championships.
Golf: The 18-hole Sand River Golf Course possesses a central lake.
Hiking: Trails such as the Hammerkop and Paradise Flycatcher Trails will allow you to
experience the wonderful bird life of the area.
Horse riding: There are several horse riding schools in the town that are ready to
accommodate riders both young and old.
Sport: The town abounds with gyms and sporting facilities for judo, karate, boxing,
wrestling, rugby, soccer, cricket, tennis and many other popular sports.
Swimming: Harmonie Recreation Club sports a lovely swimming pool and Tikwe Lodge has
an Olympic-size pool.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Crafts Centres: There are several art and crafts centres in the town such as at
Tikwe Lodge that hosts a monthly art and crafts market, as well as the Kontrei Winkel,
Anne’s Potteries and Onner-innie-straat art and crafts. The town is on the Goldfields Art
Route.
24

CUISINE
Biltong Factory: The Biltong Factory shows visitors how this well-known South African treat
is made. Meat, spices and dry air are all that is needed to make this protein-rich snack.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: Virginia is situated on the migratory route and many rare varieties of birds fly
into and flourish in the town and its surroundings.
Guest Houses and Holiday Farms: Lekker Rus is situated just outside the town and has a
caravan park, restaurant and boating trips. Elizamor, “Die Ou Huis” and “Boer en Brit” also
offer accommodation and true Free State hospitality.
Harmonie Farmhouse and Riverside Resort: The resort has a caravan park and angling
facilities. The original farmhouse was burnt down during the Anglo-Boer War and later
rebuilt.
Sand River Resort: This resort has bungalows and a caravan park along a 10 km long
stretch of the Sand River and is popular among stressed-out visitors. The area is also a
nature sanctuary.
Tourism Raft: The tourism raft on the Sand River seats about 50 people and is available for
cruises and a variety of other activities.
Virginia Game Reserve and Park: The Virginia Game Reserve houses a large number of
small species of antelope. It is also a birdwatcher’s paradise, with many water birds and
guinea fowl.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Sand River Bridge: The old railway bridge spanning the Sand River was the place where
the British signed the Sandrivier Convention on 17 January 1852, thereby legally
acknowledging the “Voortrekkers’” right to an independent republic north of the Vaal River.
War Cemetery: The graves of more than 20 British soldiers who died during the Anglo-Boer
War are in the cemetery. A monument erected in honour of a Major Louis Irving who died
here on 14 June 1900, can also be seen in the cemetery.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Mine Tours: Some of the deepest and richest mines in the world are found in this area. A
mine tour will enable you to understand all the hard work that is involved in the mining of
gold. Regular exhibitions of tribal dancing form part of some of the tours.
WELKOM
The city of Welkom (“Welcome”) is the second largest city in the Free State. After the
discovery of extremely rich goldfields in the area, in 1947, Sir Ernest Oppenheimer,
Director of the Anglo-American Corporation, which had gained a controlling interest in the
new goldfields, announced that a garden, not a mining, city would be established close to
the most important shafts. To this day, Welkom is known as “the city within a garden” on
account of its many parks and recreational areas. The large volumes of saline water
pumped from the mines collect in hollows (“pans”) on the sandy plains to form the dams
and lakes that attract the many aquatic birds, especially flamingos, for which this city is
famous. These pans and lakes also offer superb water sport spossibilities for residents and
visitors alike. Today, gold and uranium are mined in Welkom in great quantities and at
considerable depths.
25

ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Golf: The Ernest Oppenheimer Golf Course is a tricky course but is a great challenge. Two
other golf courses, the Western at Western Holdings and Flamingo at Flamingo Park, also
offer good rounds of golf.
Phakisa Racing Circuit: The Phakisa Racing Circuit is considered to be the third best
racetrack in the world.
Paragliding and skydiving: Welkom caters for paragliding and skydiving enthusiasts as well
as for most of the other types of water sport activities.
Sport: The town has facilities for tennis, cricket, rugby, hockey, squash, bowls, archery and
swimming.
ART AND CRAFTS
Ernest Oppenheimer Theatre: The Ernest Oppenheimer Theatre was named after Sir
Ernest Oppenheimer, Director of the Anglo-American Corporation that gained a controlling
interest in the new goldfields - the man who founded and developed Welkom.
Golden Art and Crafts Tourism Route: Contact the Municipality for more details about the
Golden Art and Crafts Tourism Route through Welkom, Virginia and other towns in the
vicinity.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Flea Market: Browse and bargain at the North Park Flea Market on the second Saturday of
every month.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Flamingo Pan: Enjoy a picnic at scenic Flamingo Pan while watching the, graceful, longlegged,
pink and white flamingos going about their business.
Klippan Farm Park: This park, with its live farm animals, is a firm favourite with children.
Parks: Sir Ernest Oppenheimer intended that Welkom should be a “city within a garden”.
The numerous parks with their rolling, green, lawns, picnic spots and barbecue facilities,
made this possible. Most of the city’s monuments can be found in Van Riebeeck Park, and
Peter Pan Park, with its roller-skating arena, is ideal for the younger generation. Other
parks in the city include Central Park and West Park.
Theronia Pan Bird Sanctuary: Theronia Pan Bird Sanctuary is yet another safe haven for
the many birds in the area, especially waterfowl, greater and lesser flamingo and, strangely
enough, the occasional seagull.
Toronto Recreation Centre: This child-friendly recreation centre offers regular educational
and recreational programmes and demonstrations.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Gold Mine Museum: The museum is located in the local library and provides an overview of
the history of gold mining in South Africa. Welkom Museum, at the same venue, details the
discovery of gold in the area, the town's history and the bird and animal life of the area.
Monuments: The monuments in town that warrant a visit are the Afrikaans Language
Monument, World War Two Monument, Voortrekker Memorial, Aandenk Monument,
26

Joanne Pimm Monument in Central Park, Dog Monument, Old Indaba Bluegum Tree and
the MOTH Memorial.
Vintage cars: Make an appointment to view the vintage cars owned by members of the
Vintage Car Collectors Club.
Welkom Publicity Clock Tower: Climb the 196 steps to reach the top of the tower and be
rewarded with spectacular views of the town and its surroundings.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Mine tours: Some of the deepest and richest mines in the world are found in this area.
Alternatively, visit the mock-up training centre (a simulation of underground working
conditions) where all miners are trained before going underground.
WESSELSBRON
Wesselsbron lies 75 km south of Bothaville, 35 km from Odendaalsrus and 50 km from
Welkom in the so-called “panneveld” (marshland) area of the Free State. The small town
was established on the farm Zoetvlei that belonged to one Dawid de Villiers, and was
named after Commandant Cornelis Wessels, the man who commanded the Boer forces
that besieged Kimberley in 1899. The farm was known for its strong underground water
resources and, since the main source of the water was situated far out of town the water
had to be transported by donkey cart to the town and its forty inhabitants. Today this source
is situated in one of the upmarket areas of the town. The Wesselsbron area supports
several cattle, sheep and horse stud farms. Maize, corn, potatoes, sunflower and peanuts
are also cultivated in the area.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Hunting and gaming activities and hunting packages are available, in season, on
several private farms.
Sport: The town has facilities for bowling, tennis, golf and squash.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Some good examples of San rock art can be seen near the farm Boskop.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Gallery: The art gallery is situated at 59 Bredenkamp Street.
CUISINE
Cheese factory: The Clover Cheese Factory produces 18 tons of Gouda cheese per day
and has won numerous prizes for its Zoetvlei Gouda. Visit the factory by appointment and
see if you agree with the judges.
Peanut Factory: The Zesto Peanut Factory processes 32 tons of peanuts a day. Visits by
appointment only.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Brakfontein Horse Breeding Station: Visitors are welcome at this well-organised horse
breeding station. Apart from appreciating the beautiful horses, visitors will also enjoy the
farm atmosphere.
Farm Holidays: For a holiday with a difference, a true farm holiday, visit Gelukspan Holiday
Farm.
27

Goose Farm: This goose farm, close to the Vet River, uses goose feathers and down to
make duvets, cushions, sleeping bags and other items. The geese are only plucked
periodically from May to October and are allowed to rest during the cold winter months.
Visits are by appointment only.
Waterbirds: There are several water pans (shallow, water-filled depressions) in the
immediate vicinity of the town, which attract a myriad of birds and other types of wildlife.
The pans are aptly named and the names are descriptive of either the animals found there
or of the local conditions, for example, Besempan (“Broom Pan”), Graspan (“Grass Pan”),
Volstruispan (“Ostrich Pan”), and Ganspan “(Goose Pan”), to name but a few.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Cemetery: Dawid de Villiers, the owner of the farm on which the town was established, is
buried here as is Jan Viljoen, Minister of Education, Art, Science and Mining in 1951 and
James Stewart, an unknown Irishman who was born in 1859 and died in 1937.
Church: The oldest church in the town is situated opposite the Town Museum in
Bredenkamp Street. The renowned architect, Gerhard Moerdyk, designed the church.
Farm Museum: The Farm Museum has a display of farming implements and explains what
life and work on a farm entails.
Town Museum: The museum depicts the history of the town and its early inhabitants,
recorded and illustrated with the help of approximately 400 photographs and other items of
historical value. The museum is housed in an old gabled house in Bredenkamp Street, the
former home of Wessel Wessels, son of Commandant Cornelis Wessels.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Grain Silo Visits: Conducted tours can be arranged to visit the huge Senwes Grain Silo
complex and the large mill next to the complex. This complex can handle a massive
275 000 tons of grain.
WINBURG
The Winburg area was where the five main Voortrekker parties united under the leadership
of the Voortrekker leader Piet Retief. The town was founded a few years later (1842) – the
first Voortrekker town to be established in the Free State. Since then the town has acted as
an outpost and a religious centre for the Voortrekker pioneers. The town, with its large,
central square dominated by a typical Dutch Reformed Church, is a classic example of a
South African town of that period.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Nature Reserves: The two nature reserves that are closest to Winburg are the Willem
Pretorius Nature Reserve near Ventersburg and the Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve on the
road between Winburg and Theunissen.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Churches: There are two sandstone Dutch Reformed Churches in town. A
new church was built in 1917 after a dispute split the original congregation in two.
Ford’s Hotel: Ford’s Hotel is a historic old hotel whose dining hall was used by many a
Voortrekker in days gone by.
28

Post Office: The Post Office building is yet another example of the architecture of the
Voortrekker era.
Town Hall: The plan of the massive stone Town Hall was based on the outline of an old ox
wagon. However, the shape is not easily discernible unless seen from an aeroplane.
Voortrekker Cemetery: A Voortrekker cemetery and an Anglo-Boer War concentration
camp cemetery lie close to the impressive Voortrekker Monument.
Voortrekker Garden of Remembrance: This garden commemorates the Great Trek and
those who participated in it.
Winburg Museum Complex: The Winburg Museum Complex outside the town consists of a
towering five-tiered monument honouring the five original Voortrekker groups who
undertook the Great Trek. It also includes the modest dwelling of Marthinus Steyn, the last
president of the Orange Free State Republic. His homestead, on the farm Rietfontein, is
now a museum.
MOTHEO REGION
Motheo Tourism Information Centre
Physical Address: Motheo District Municipality Tourist Office,
Bloemfontein Tourist Centre, 60 Park Road,
Willows, Bloemfontein, 9320.
Postal Address: PO Box 3667, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, 9300
Tel: +27 (0) 51 447 1362
Fax: +27 (0) 51 447 1363
E-mail: tourism@motheo.co.za
29

“Motheo” is the Sotho word for “foundation” or “strong base of a building”, a reference to the
fact that this region lies at the centre of the province. Right in the middle of the region lies
Bloemfontein, the provincial capital and the judicial capital of South Africa, as well as the
business and cultural hub of the Free State. This is the place of golden opportunities,
where several political parties saw the light of day and where the population of the province
come together to merge into a cosmopolitan community. At night, the city lights form a
golden glow on the horizon as locals and visitors revel in the cultural and entertainment
opportunities associated with city life.
But Motheo is not only the region where the provincial capital is located, it is also a region
of golden fields of wheat and maize, where sheep and catlle graze. Game reserves and
private farms where game watching and hunting is allowed, make up the rest of the region.
Imagine an area with a city, several small towns and farms where farmers welcome you
into their homes and make you feel like one of the family and you will know what Motheo is
like.
BLOEMFONTEIN
The name Bloemfontein means
“Fountain of flowers”. The flowery
splendour of the 4 000 rose bushes
planted at King’s Park earned the
city the nickname “City of Roses”.
The annual Rose Festival, held in
October each year celebrates this
unique feature of the city. The
spring referred to in the city’s name
still surfaces in downtown
Bloemfontein. The Tswana name
for the city, “Mangaung”, means
“Place of the Cheetahs”, a
reminder that this area teemed with
wildlife long before man arrived
here.
30

Bloemfontein is the sixth largest city in South Africa. When one drives through this
cosmopolitan modern city, it is nearly impossible to believe that it started out as a humble
little frontier town. Today the city offers the tourist excellent accommodation facilities,
entertainment opportunities ranging from restaurants, art galleries, theatres and nightclubs
to movie theatres and pubs and as an added bonus, a game reserve in the centre of the
town. Bloemfontein is also renowned for its beautiful residential suburbs, stately old
buildings and pleasant parks. The city boasts two excellent universities, a Technikon,
several colleges, more than 50 secondary and over 100 primary schools and the renowned
Glen Agricultural College.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Air ventures: Bloemfontein has active flying and gliding clubs stationed at Tempe Airport.
Angling and water sport: Anglers have no less than four dams to choose from when
planning an angling trip. These include Tierpoort Dam, south of the city on National Road
N1, Rustfontein Dam, east of the city on the Thaba ‘Nchu Road, Krugersdrift and Mockes
Dams at the Philip Saunders Resort. Krugersdrift Dam is situated in the Soetdoring Nature
Reserve where fish such as yellowfish, Orange River mudfish, barbel and carp can be
caught. Rustfontein Dam, in the Rustfontein Nature Reserve is an angler’s paradise where
carp, barbel, mudfish and yellowfish can be caught. Visitors also enjoy water sport such as
skiing, windsurfing and paragliding.
Bungee jumping: Adrenaline junkies can engage in some “high falling” antics at Loch Logan
Waterfront.
Canoeing and windsurfing: Contact the Loch Logan Canoe Club at the popular Loch Logan
Waterfront for “paddle” information. A two-day canoe route can be followed in the
Soetdoring Nature Reserve. Krugersdrift Dam, in the reserve, is ideal for windsurfing and
canoeing, as is Rustfontein Dam in the Rustfontein Nature Reserve.
4x4 routes: The Soetdoring Nature Reserve has several 4x4 routes and a Continental
Academy for 4x4 enthusiasts.
Golf: The city has several excellent golf courses.
Hiking: Among the hiking trails and
walks in the area are those at
Tempe (Vallei van Sewe Damme
Trail); Langenhoven Park (Koppie
Walking Route); Happy Valley
(Happy Valley Walking Route);
Pellissier (Olien Walking Route)
and Deale Road (Ekopark Walking
Route).
Horse riding/racing: The
Bloemfontein Turf Club and
Equestrian Centre are situated on
the Mazelspoort Road.
Maselspoort Resort: Maselspoort resort lies on the banks of the Modder River, about 23 km
north of the city. It offers ample opportunities for canoeing, swimming, rowing, angling and
tennis or just relaxing amid the lovely natural surroundings. Comfortable accommodation is
available.
31

Parachuting: Parachute jumps at Bainsvlei can be organised on request.
32
Skydiving: Skydiving
is done from Tempe
Airport. Contact the
Bloemfontein
Skydiving Club for
more information.
Sport: The city’s
rugby, cricket,
hockey, gymnastics,
swimming and
athletics facilities are
of world standard.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Florisbad Site: The National Museum in Bloemfontein has a large variety of archaeological
exhibits but is renowned, both locally and internationally, for its most important exhibit -
the Florisbad skull. This skull fragment was discovered in 1932, at Florisbad, a natural
mineral spring, just north of the city of Bloemfontein. Today, the Florisbad skull is accepted
as that of an archaic Homo sapiens (people who were almost, but not entirely modern
humans) and it is dated at approximately 260 000 years old. Fully modern humans - such
as the San hunters living at Florisbad at the time - were believed to have appeared in
Southern Africa about 120 000 years ago.

Fossil Finds: During the 1920s and 1930s excavations at the Florisbad site also yielded
other interesting finds, such as rare and distinct fossil animals. The research laboratory at
Florisbad now houses several fossil mammal collections from the central interior and an
osteological collection of modern mammals - one of only three such facilities in South
Africa.
San Rock Art: The Rock Art Department of the National Museum is one of only two full-time
rock art research entities in southern Africa. The Department has a collection of some
engravings and paintings on show. These exquisitely engraved and painted images inform
the onlooker of the complex religious and social lives of the San communities that lived in
this area. The Free State has some of the finest San rock art sites in South Africa —
Tandjesberg is one such site and is located 14 km north-east of Ladybrand. Modderpoort in
the Eastern Free State is another.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and crafts market: The “Volksblad” Art and Crafts Market is held at King’s Park on the
first Saturday of each month.
Art Route: Follow the Bloemfontein Art Route for an interesting overview of the city’s art
treasures. On the way pay a visit to the Johannes Stegmann Art Gallery.
Oliewenhuis Art Gallery and Museum: The Oliewenhuis Art Museum, in Harry Smith Street,
is housed in a Neo-Cape Dutch Manor house. The former residence of previous
Governors-General and State Presidents of South Africa, it became an art museum in 1985
and houses superior local and foreign works of art. The Museum's permanent collection of
historical and contemporary South African art boasts works by renowned South African
artists such as JH Pierneef, Gregoire Boonzaier and Walter Battiss. One of the highlights of
a visit to the Museum is the Blind Alphabet A, by Willem Boshoff. This work consists of 94
sculptures, each sculpture representing a particular form or shape that can be linked to a
particular word or term describing the shape. Carved in various kinds of wood, each
sculpture is placed inside a small closed black box. Braille plaques are glued onto each lid,
explaining the origin of the sculpture and the word that was used. In this way blind people
are able to appreciate the sculptures and the sighted are left in the dark! Blind guides are
on hand on occasional Sundays to lead sighted visitors through the exhibition.
Sand du Plessis Theatre: The Sand du Plessis Theatre is considered by many to be one of
the most modern theatres in the country. The clever use of glass and light, combined with
the beautiful and very valuable paintings that form part of the interior décor, has earned it
national acclaim. It is a popular venue for national and international productions.
Sculptures and statues: There are many individual statues at various venues throughout
the city. For example, opposite the City Hall, surrounded by 33 fountains, stands an
imposing statue of the late South African statesman, JBM Hertzog - the work of South
African sculptor Danie de Jager. The statue of the Free State Boer hero, General
Christiaan de Wet, on his favourite horse, stands guard in front of the Fourth Raadsaal in
President Brand Street. The busts of some of South Africa's most renowned Afrikaans
writers, poets and musicians stand in the garden of the Old Government Building.
CULTURE/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Macufe Festival: This festival, the event of the year, is a cultural eisteddfod of storytelling,
poetry, art music and dance. Macufe is growing by the year and is an ideal opportunity for
local artists to gain national and international exposure.
33

Mangaung Cultural Township Tour: Mangaung Township is situated approximately five km
from Bloemfontein and is renowned for its friendly people. Popular tourist attractions
include the St Johannes Lutheran Church (scene of the first forced removals of coloured
people), Coostah House (the only sandstone building in the township), the Victorian-style
Jack Parr House and Maphikela House, which has been declared a National monument.
Get to know the local people and spend an evening of entertainment in the township.
Township tours are conducted strictly by appointment only. Contact the Mangaung
Municipality for more information on professional tour guides.
Onze Rust Estate Tour: Onze Rust farm is situated south of Bloemfontein and belongs to
the fifth generation of Steyns descended from the original owner, MT Steyn, one-time
President of the Orange Free State. The President purchased the farm in 1897 and lived
there until his death in 1916. Many historical events took place at the homestead and on
the farm before, during and after the Anglo-Boer War. Today the farm has its own postage
stamp and exports a unique KWV sherry. Visit the farm and homestead and stay overnight
or join an organised tour that includes activities such as a visit to the homestead filled with
personal memorabilia, art and the collections of President Steyn, hiking to an old
blockhouse on the farm, attending an informative slide show and the chance to shoot with
an array of old (1886) guns, such as an old Martini Henry, Mauser or British Lee Enfield
rifles.
ENTERTAINMENT AND
SHOPPING
Loch Logan: Enjoy a
meal at Loch Logan,
Bloemfontein’s own
Waterfront. In addition to
the many restaurants
and entertainment
centres, visitors can also
browse through the flea
market stalls during the
day.
Revolving Restaurant:
The revolving restaurant
on the 26th floor of the
CR Swart Building
provides diners with
excellent views of the city.
Shopping Centres and Flea Markets: The city has several modern shopping centres.
Street, farm and flea markets are held throughout the month at different venues.
State President Swart Park: Spend a relaxing afternoon at State President Swart Park,
renowned for its sporting facilities, and enjoy the spectacular array of 4 000 rose bushes in
adjoining Kings Park or while away a few hours at the nearby zoo.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Bloemfontein Agricultural and Industrial Show: This show is usually presented in July, each
year.
Boyden Observatory: The Boyden Observatory, at Maselspoort, on the outskirts of
Bloemfontein, was built in 1927 by Harvard University, America, and equipped with a
152,40-cm telescope.
34

Bloemfontein Orchid House: The Orchid House, situated in Hamilton Park on the western
slope of Naval Hill, is home to a wondrous array of over 3 000 beautiful and delicate orchid
plants. A specially designed section - the Fragrance Garden - has been set aside for
visitors who are visually impaired.
Bloemfontein Zoological Garden: The Bloemfontein Zoological Garden in President Swart
Park is home to many different species of animals and birds, as well as to the biggest
collection of primates in South Africa. The zoo, however, gained international fame with the
birth of "Tokkelos", the product of cross breeding a lion and tiger.
Botanical Garden:
The 70 ha Free State
Botanical Garden is
criss-crossed by trails
that offer visitors,
including the elderly
and disabled, a
chance to enjoy its
beautiful indigenous
plants and numerous
species of birds.
Some 6 ha of the
garden have been set
aside to grow as
much of the Free
State flora as
possible.
Beyond the cultivated garden lie some naturally wooded dolomite koppies (hillocks)
covered in cabbage (Cussonia paniculata), white stinkwood (Celtis africana), false olive
(Buddleja salinga) and wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. africana) trees. Climb these
koppies and be rewarded by a view of the garden. Some 110 species of grasses from the
Free State are grouped in different grass gardens and are scientifically labelled. The
Botanical Garden is at its best during Spring, when most of the flowers are in bloom, but
even mid-Winter offers something special - splashes of red and yellow when the Aloe
grandidentata and the wild pomegranate (Rhigozum obovatum) burst forth in colour. A wellstocked
nursery (with surplus plants for sale), a herbarium (much appreciated and used by
students) and a tea garden conclude the attractions.
Crocodile Farm: Bloemfontein Crocodile Farm, situated on National Road N1, north
of the city, allows one insightful glimpses into the fascinating lives of these ancient reptiles.
Franklin Game Reserve: The Franklin Game Reserve on Naval Hill is the only city-centre
game reserve in the world. Here you will find giraffe, ostrich several species of antelope,
many birds, the ruins of the houses of a pre-historic people who lived here many years ago,
as well as the renowned “white horse” of Naval Hill. A naval brigade was quartered on top
of the “koppie” (hillock) known as Naval Hill, during the Anglo-Boer War. After the departure
of the Naval Brigade, the Wiltshire Regiment was quartered on the hill. The soldiers of this
regiment fashioned a white horse out of whitewashed stones on the slope of the “koppie”,
inspired by a similar pre-historic white horse cut into a hillside in their home county of
Wiltshire in England.
35

Herbal Garden for the Blind: The herbal garden for the visually impaired is situated in Union
Avenue.
King's Park: The park, with its more than 4 000 rose bushes, is one of Bloemfontein's
prettiest landmarks. The city's small zoo is situated in this park.
Rustfontein Dam Nature Reserve: This reserve lies just off the Thaba ‘Nchu Road, 50 km
east of Bloemfontein. The tree-covered hillocks and ridges and grassy plains are home to
animals such as wildebeest, blesbuck, springbuck and zebra. The dam inside the reserve is
home to several species of waterfowl and Egyptian geese are usually present in large
numbers. The natural vegetation is savannah veld dotted with hardy camel-thorn trees. The
tops of the camel-thorn trees make ideal nesting places for white-backed vultures. Camping
sites are available.
Soetdoring Nature Reserve: The 7 500 ha Soetdoring Nature Reserve lies 45 km from
Bloemfontein. The name “Soetdoring” means “sweet thorn” - an indigenous thorn tree.
Animals such as white rhino, eland and springbuck roam the plains of the reserve and
kudu, waterbuck, reedbuck and impala find sanctuary in the bushes along the banks of the
Modder River. Reptiles and smaller mammals, in the reserve, include the leguaan, the
Cape clawless otter, the African wild cat and the water mongoose. The reserve also has a
special predator park that contains lions and Cape wild dogs. The Modder River enters the
reserve on its eastern border, snakes through the reserve and then exits into the
Krugersdrift Dam in the west where a large variety of aquatic birds have made their home.
The reserve offers a camp with accommodation of a somewhat interesting type: modified
old railway coaches situated under shady sweet thorn trees.
Swallow migration: Every year, during spring, thousands of migrating European swallows
descend on a specific garden in the Bloemfontein suburb of Universitas. This garden has
become their annual spring habitat and they return here every year without fail. For more
information, visit the website www.nasmus.co.za/ornithol/swallow
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglican Cathedral: For an exquisite example
of Victorian architecture, especially Victorian
windows, visit the Anglican Cathedral in St.
George Street. Major Henry Warden laid the
foundation stone of the building, the third
oldest Anglican Church in South Africa, in
1850. The famous author, JRR Tolkien and
his brother were baptised in the font of the
Cathedral and their father lies buried nearby.
Rudyard Kipling also worshipped in the
Cathedral.
Battlefields: Several famous battles took place in the vicinity of the city. The Driefontein and
Poplar Grove Battlefields are situated between Dealesville and De Brug, northwest of the
city and the Sannaspos Battlefield is on the Thaba ‘Nchu Road, east of the city.
Bloemfontein Car Club: Are you a classic car lover and owner and enjoy organised
activities with people who share your interests? If so, join the Bloemfontein Car Club. If you
are in the city. Visit its website at http://www.houtspeek for more information.
Bram Fischer House: The Bram Fischer House at 72 Reitz Avenue, Westdene, was the
home of the Fischer family from 1910 to 1946. Bram Fischer, born in 1908, was a member
36

of the Communist party and the lawyer who represented the African National Congress
(ANC) members accused in both the Treason and Rivonia Trials in the 1960s. He was
arrested in 1965 and sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island, the prison where
Nelson Mandela was also incarcerated. Fischer was later transferred to a hospital after
being diagnosed with cancer and died in 1976.
City Hall: The old City Hall, designed by Sir Gordon Leith in 1935 and built of sandstone, is
located in President Brand Street, a declared National Conservation area. The beautiful
Burmese wood panelling inside the building and the Italian tiles are particularly interesting.
Civic Centre: In contrast to the historic sandstone buildings lining President Brand Street,
the Civic Centre is a modern-day “glass palace”. It serves as the headquarters of the
Mangaung Municipality. A bust of Bram Fisher is located in the entrance hall of the building.
Fichardt Library: The GA Fichardt Library in West Burger Street has a sizeable collection of
“Africana” as well as a unique drama library.
First “Raadsaal” Museum: The first “Raadsaal” (Council Chamber), in St. George Street,
was built in 1848/9 in the building style of the time — white-washed walls, a dung floor and
a thatched roof. The Raadsaal is the oldest building in Bloemfontein that still survives in its
original state and is indeed unique because it housed nearly every civilian institution of the
time – from the local town school to the chamber of the Free State Volksraad (Parliament)
in 1854. In 1936 the building was proclaimed a National monument.
Fountain: The site of the fountain which gave the city its name also features a column and
a mosaic with the town’s coat of arms.
Fourth “Raadsaal” (Council Chamber): The fourth “Raadsaal” building, the last home of the
"model" Free State Republican Parliament, was completed in 1893. Its architect, Lennox
Canning, designed this impressive edifice in classical style with Doric columns and a
37

domed tower. The original benches used by the members of the Free State Republican
Parliament are still intact, as is the original, beautifully carved wooden Coat of Arms of the
Free State. The building is situated on the corner of President Brand and Charles Streets.
Free State Agricultural Museum: The Free State Agricultural Museum at Glen Agricultural
College houses fascinating displays of antique farming implements, depicting the history of
farming in the Free State.
Freshford House Museum: The Freshford House Museum, in Kellner Street, gives the
visitor an intimate glimpse into the old-world charm of the 1890s, an era of gracious living,
romance and elegance. Built in 1897, by the British architect, John Edwin Harrison, for his
new bride, the house was restored and refurbished to mint condition by the National
Museum. A typical Edwardian garden was also recreated and planted with old English
roses.
Hertzog House Museum: The Hertzog House Museum is situated in Goddard Street, in the
homestead of former Boer General and later Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa,
JBM Hertzog. He lived in the house from 1895 to 1924. His Monument towers over Hertzog
Square.
Institute for Contemporary History: The Institute, on the campus the University of the Free
State, exhibits important paintings, busts and objects relating to political leaders and state
presidents.
Jubileum Building: The Jubileum Building was constructed in the 1920s and is a popular
venue for concerts, political meetings and exhibitions.
Jukskei Museum: The privately owned Jukskei Museum, the only one of its kind in the
world, presents the visitor with an overview of the origin and development of this truly South
African sport. Visits to the museum can only be arranged by prior appointment with the
owner.
38

Maphikela House: Maphikela was one of the founder members of the Executive Committee
of the ANC in Bloemfontein in 1935. Many important ANC meetings were held in Maphikela
House, which is now a National monument.
Museums: Bloemfontein has various other interesting museums such as the Educational
Museum, the Music and Drama Museum , as well as numerous private museums.
National Museum: The National Museum in Bloemfontein is a natural history, cultural
history and art museum. It houses a large variety of archaeological and palaeontological
exhibits, of which the Florisbad skull is the most famous and known all over the world.
Another interesting exhibit at the museum is the reconstructed street scene that takes the
visitor back to the turn of the 19th/20th centuries.
The 50 horsepower, seven cylinder, air-cooled rotary engine of the Gnome type that was
donated to the museum by one of South Africa’s early aviators, the engineer John Weston,
in 1929, is the oldest aero-engine of its kind in the country. The museum also includes a
large number of artefacts that depict the culture and lifestyle of the Sotho people. The Rock
Art Department is another very important feature of the museum.
National Afrikaans Literary Museum and Research Centre: This museum is housed in the
Cape Dutch style Old Government Building, designed by Sir Herbert Baker, the architect
who also designed the Union Buildings in Pretoria. The museum focuses on the birth and
development of Afrikaans. It houses more than a million items connected with the Afrikaans
literary heritage.
National Women’s Memorial: The National Women’s Memorial, sculpted by Anton Van
Wouw in the form of a 36,5 m high sandstone obelisk, honours the nearly 27 000 women
and children who lost their lives in concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War. The
statue of two sombre women holding a dying child adorns the base of the obelisk that also
holds the ashes of Emily Hobhouse, the renowned Englishwoman, who did much to ease
the suffering of the Boer women and children in the concentration camps. Beloved Boer
39

leader, General CR de Wet, President and Mrs MT Steyn and the Reverend JD Kestell are
buried at the foot of the monument.
Presidency: The presidents of the former Republic of the Free State used the stately old
Presidency, built in 1885, by Lennox Canning, as their official residence. The building has
since been restored and is now a museum. It is situated in President Brand Street.
President Brand Cemetery: Many of the men, women and children who lost their lives
during the Anglo-Boer War lie buried, with former State Presidents, in the President Brand
Cemetery on the corner of Church Street and President Avenue. The row upon row of
metal crosses are a stark reminder of the tragedy of war.
President Brand Street: A trip down President Brand Street will take you past stately
sandstone buildings such as the Old Presidency, Supreme Court, Appeal Court, Fourth
Raadsaal, City Hall, Literature Museum, Hertzog Square and the statue of the Anglo-Boer
War hero, General Christiaan de Wet. This charming tree-lined street, with its many
historical buildings, has been declared a National monument.
Rugby Museum: The Rugby Museum houses one of the largest private collections of rugby
memorabilia in the world and may be visited by prior appointment with the owner.
Queen’s Fort Military Museum: The Queen’s Fort Military Museum, in Church Street,
depicts all the military conflicts that raged in the Free State and features exhibits dating
from 1820 to the present. The fort was originally erected in 1848 by Boer forces to help
withstand attacks by local Basotho tribes.
School of Armour: The school has a fine display of weapons and tanks and an early military
hospital.
Supreme Court Building: The Supreme Court Building in President Brand Street was built in
1909 in the Ionic style. Its fluted columns are typical of this classical "temple" style
architecture.
Twin-spired Church: The twin-spired church, in Charles Street, is the only twin-spired Dutch
Reformed Church in Southern Africa. The building was completed in 1880 on the site of a
smaller church where the famous Scottish-born evangelist and writer Andrew Murray
ministered. The last three presidents of the old Free State Republic took their oath of office
in this church.
Unit Museum: The Unit Museum, at the Tempe Military Base, commemorates the efforts of
the “One Special Service Battalion”. This special battalion was created to encourage and
employ the many despondent young men who were unemployed as a result of the raging
Depression of the 1930s.
40
University of the Free State: The campus of the
University of the Free State has an interesting
mixture of old and new buildings.
Vintage Vehicle Collection: The Vintage
Vehicle Collection consists of a collection of
vintage and classical cars, motorcycles and
other motor memorabilia of the past 100 years.
Visits can only be arranged by prior
appointment with the owner.

Wagon Museum: The Wagon Museum in St George Street is a tribute to the various
modest means of transport used during bygone days. It houses a collection of historical
wagons and carriages, such as stage coaches and Cape carts.
War Museum: The War Museum is dedicated to the South African men who fought against
the British in the Anglo-Boer War and other struggles in South Africa. This Museum is a
standard source of reference and material for students of the Anglo-Boer War. Its exhibits
include photographs, paintings, documents, books, uniforms, weapons and sculptures from
that time.
Warden Square: Warden Square with its many monuments and statues is situated close to
the National Museum. The Square is named after Major HD Warden, the first official British
Resident of the Free State.
BOTSHABELO
Botshabelo – “a place of refuge” is located some 45 km east of Bloemfontein on Road N8
to Lesotho. The town was established in 1978 and is believed to be the largest township
settlement in the Free State and the second largest in the country, after Soweto in
Gauteng. Botshabelo became notorious during the Apartheid years for its struggle for
liberation and steadfast refusal to be incorporated into the national homeland of Qwa-Qwa.
ART AND CRAFTS
Botshabelo Creation Co-op: Botshabelo Creation Co-op manufactures lovely materials and
articles such as traditional African dresses, weaving, silk paintings and beadwork.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Onverwacht Farm House: The farmhouse was the first settlement in Botshabelo.
DEWETSDORP
Dewetsdorp lies 75 km south-east of Bloemfontein and was named after the father of the
Boer General, Christiaan de Wet. De Wet’s senior was also the founder of the town, which
became a municipality in 1890. When a British garrison occupied the town during the
Anglo-Boer War, General Christiaan de Wet’s men rallied to its defence and within four
days the British surrendered. The town lies in a prime sheep and cattle area where wheat
and maize are also cultivated. The town is part of the Battlefields Route.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Golf: Enjoy a relaxing game at the beautiful 9-hole golf course.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
British War Graves and Monument: The British Monument and War Graves lie on a hill
outside the town. The memorial was erected in honour of the British soldiers who lost their
lives during the Anglo-Boer War.
Centenary Festival Monument: The Centenary Festival Monument in front of the Town Hall
was erected in 1938 to commemorate the centenary of the Great Trek.
Historic grave: The site of General Christiaan De Wet’s wife grave is marked by a small
monument.
41

Twins Memorial: The Twins Memorial was erected in the grounds of the Dutch Reformed
Church in honour of a set of twins who both lost their lives during the Anglo-Boer War.
EXCELSIOR
This small town, about 110 km north-east of Bloemfontein, owes its existence to a few
farmers who became tired of travelling the long distance between Ladybrand and Winburg
and subsequently decided in 1910 to erect their own "Half Way House " stop.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Bird-hunting: Pointers Hunting Lodge has accommodation in a beautifully restored old
farmhouse and offers bird-hunting opportunities accompanied by trained dogs. Patrysvlug
Hunting alo offers bird-hunting packages, especially partridge shooting, with the necessary
accommodation options included.
4x4 routes: There are 4x4 routes laid out on the farm Vrugbaar and a 4x4, two-hour
endurance race is hosted here every year, during June or July.
Hiking: Several hiking trails have been laid out in the district. These include the Merrimetsi
and Korannaberg Trails.
Horse riding: Horse riding can be done on several private farms in the district.
Sport: Excelsior has facilities for badminton, bowls, squash and tennis and golfers are
welcome to a round of golf at the Excelsior Golf Club.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Good examples of San rock art can be seen at Korannaberg. Contact the
Municipality for more details.
42

ART AND CRAFTS
Hunters Taxidermy: The taxidermy business is located in an old renovated sandstone
building. Visitors are welcome to visit and view the many mounted animal heads (trophies)
and to learn more about the art of taxidermy.
Pottery: Visit Ria’s Pottery Studio on a nearby farm for local, hand crafted pottery articles.
Contact the Information Centre for more information.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglo-Boer War Monument: The Anglo-Boer War Monument was erected in honour of
those who lost their lives during the Anglo-Boer War.
Sandstone buildings: The town has two sandstone churches and a historic old sandstone
reservoir. The striking Dutch Reformed Church was designed by architects Moerdyk and
Louw and built out of local sandstone. The unique church organ is one of only six of its kind
in the country.
HOBHOUSE
Hobhouse, founded in 1912, was named after the Welsh heroine Emily Hobhouse who,
despite heavy criticism from her own people, worked tirelessly to improve conditions in the
concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer War. She was so dedicated to her cause that
she cancelled her engagement and wedding to help Boer women establish a livelihood
after the Anglo-Boer War. To this day her wedding veil hangs in the head office of the
“Oranje Vroue Vereniging” (Women’s Association), the first women’s welfare organisation in
the Free State. After her death her ashes were brought to South Africa and interred at the
foot of the “Vrouemonument” (National Women’s Monument) in Bloemfontein, a token of
honour from a whole generation of grateful Boer women, men and children. Today, the
town that has not changed much since the “old” days, lies close to the Caledon River, the
border with Lesotho, amid prosperous maize, dairy and sheep farms.
43

ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: The Arminia Dam and Game Reserve and the Leeu River Dam offer angling
opportunities to both locals and visitors.
Hunting: Venues, such
as Alzoo Farm offer
hunting packages in
season.
Polo: Polo is a popular
sport in the Hobhouse
district. The town hosts
a local gymkhana
every September.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND
PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Many
San rock paintings
adorn the walls of the
numerous caves in the
mountains above the Caledon River.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Miniature church: A miniature church was built in the grounds of the local school in 1938 to
commemorate the centenary celebrations of the Great Trek.
LADYBRAND
Ladybrand is situated near Lesotho’s north-western border and is one of the towns that has
the Basotho War to thank for its existence. It was established in 1867 on land conquered
from the Basotho and was named after the mother of President Brand of the Free State.
The Ladybrand area is renowned for its many San rock art sites and fossils and the town is
well-known for its many well-preserved sandstone buildings, many of which now do duty as
guest houses. The town’s lovely surroundings of mountains, ravines and rivers also make it
an ideal eco-tourism destination.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and canoeing: The Cathcart Drift Dam, in the vicinity of the Melrose Holiday Farm,
offers opportunities for angling and canoeing.
Golf: There is an 18-hole golf course in town.
Hiking: There are three major hiking trails in the area, namely the Fanie Terreblanche hike,
the 8-km Melrose Holiday Farm hike and the Steve Visser hike. The latter starts at
Leliehoek Holiday Resort and takes you through areas grown with indigenous vegetation
and past several historical sites.
Horse riding: The area is ideal for horse riding and there are many “bridle” trails to choose
from.
Mountain-biking: The Ladybrand area is a well-known mountain -iking venue with many
well marked routes and trails. Endurance races are staged in the area at regular intervals.
44

Two Nations Marathon: The Two Nations Marathon, between Ladybrand and Maseru, is
staged here annually.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossilised remains: The fossilised remains of Diathrognatus, a prehistoric animal believed
to be the link between reptiles and mammals, were found near the Leliehoek Holiday
Resort.
San Rock Art: Several caves in the vicinity of the town house San rock paintings. This
district probably has the largest concentration of San rock art in the world. The site at
Tripolitana, also known as Tandjesberg, is situated on a farm, 10 km from town. The
images cover a 10-m section of wall and have been copied onto seven lecterns at the site
so that the images can be explained to visitors. Tripolitana/Tandjesberg became famous
when the celebrated French historian Abbé Henri Breuil visited the site during the 1940s.
This is one of the few sites where visitors can see how researchers decipher highly
complex panels. A boardwalk has been constructed to protect the excavations that are still
going on beneath the floor of the cave.
The Modderpoort Mission Station site also has San rock art and Iron Age remains and has
been of significance to a succession of South African people. There are a number of
images of eland antelope, as well as one depicting two eland butting heads. There is also a
depiction of a cattle raid and images of birds with zigzag legs. Zigzag images almost
always refer to Shaman trance dancers in altered states of consciousness.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Leliehoek Holiday Resort: Leliehoek Holiday Resort is just the place to laze away a day,
weekend or even longer. The accommodation is rated top class. Many nature walks and
rambles start here.
45

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Catharina Brand Museum: The Catharina Brand Museum houses records depicting the
province's newspaper and publishing history as well as other items related to the history of
the Boer, British and Basotho inhabitants of the area.
Heritage Museum: The Heritage Museum in Kerk Street concentrates on local history and
also has exhibits of vintage farming implements. Bread is baked the "old fashioned" way in
an outside oven that stands on the premises of the museum.
Modderpoort Mission Station: The gravestones of some of the brothers of the Society of St
Augustine, who lived and worked at the station from 1869, can be seen at Modderpoort
Mission Station. Another grave of particular and historical interest is that of a Basotho
prophetess, Mantsopa Makheta, who was exiled to the mission because the then ruler,
Moshweshwe, feared her influence on his people. She predicted the victory of the Basotho
over the British and the rich harvest that would then follow. When it happened exactly as
she said, her fame and reputation were established. Her grave continues to be revered and
people often leave offerings at the graveside and at the spring where she bathed. Her
gravestone is covered with clay pots, small heaps of maize and strings of beads from the
pilgrims who come from all over the country to pay homage to her. Another interesting
feature at Modderpoort Mission is the small rock shelter known as Cave Church or Rose
Chapel. This cave shelter, probably first occupied and painted by the San, was used as a
place of worship by the Anglican Brothers of St. Augustine before their church and priory
were built. From the 1970s onwards members of the Zionist Christian Church used the
shelter.
Railway Station Buildings: The original ticket office and waiting rooms of the old Railway
Station can be viewed at 37 Beaton Street.
46

NATURAL WONDERS
Stables Rock Crevice: The rock crevice in the mountainside near Leliehoek, called the
Stables, is well worth a visit. According to local folklore, the Boers used this deep rock
fissure as a stable for their horses during the Basotho War of 1858.
THABA ‘NCHU
Thaba ‘Nchu is only some 10 km from Botshabelo on the N8 Road to Lesotho. The name
means was once the traditional stronghold of the Barolong people (a Tswana tribe). Led by
their chief Moroka, the Barolong settled in this area in the 1830s. The Voortrekkers and the
Barolong became allies united against their common enemy, Mzilikazi and his Matabele
tribe. Several Voortrekker parties, such as those of Hendrik Potgieter, Gerrit Maritz, Piet
Uys and Carl Landman, enjoyed the chief’s hospitality and camped in the area at one time
or another. During the Apartheid years, the town became part of the homeland of
Bophuthatswana but has since been re-incorporated into South Africa. Today, the town
sports two luxury hotels with casino facilities and many other tourism attractions.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: Anglers often flock to the popular Montloatsi Setlogelo Dam for a peaceful day of
undisturbed angling.
Hiking and mountain biking: The Maria Moroka National Park has several hiking and
mountain-bike trails. The Eland Hiking Trail takes approximately four to five hours to
complete and the less strenuous Ostrich Trail is a two-hour ramble.
Hunting: The Thaba Lodge and Hunting Camp in the Maria Moroka National Park offers
hunting opportunities to visitors
CULTURAL/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Mmabana Cultural Centre: The Mmabana Cultural Centre, a community project, was
established to improve the cultural awareness of the local residents. The Centre offers
music, drama, dance, art and sporting activities. The curio shop on the premises sells
beadwork, pottery and art.
Villages and Kraals: The surrounding area is a wonderful place to soak up and learn more
about the Basotho culture of yesteryear and today.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Casinos: There are two casinos in town, popular venues frequented by those who enjoy
gambling or dining and dancing.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Maria Moroka Nature Reserve: The Maria Moroka Nature Reserve lies 70 km east of
Bloemfontein on the Thaba ‘Nchu road. The reserve is situated a few km south of Thaba
‘Nchu and next to the Thaba ‘Nchu Sun Hotel and Casino. The reserve encompasses the
Montloatse Setlogelo Dam with the impressive Thaba ‘Nchu Mountain in the background.
The Maria Moroka Nature Reserve is home to several species of game, such as black
wildebeest, zebra, white rhino, springbuck and blesbuck, as well as to more than a hundred
species of birds, including several aquatic species. Thaba Lodge can accommodate 10
people and has a central kitchen and living area. The dam is ideal for angling and hikers
can walk up to the top of Thaba ‘Nchu Mountain.
47

Rustfontein Nature Reserve: The Rustfontein Dam in the Rustfontein Nature Reserve is a
popular playground for anglers and water sport enthusiasts. The reserve attracts a wide
variety of birds and also contains several species of wildlife.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Sannaspos Battlefield: The Anglo-Boer War Sannaspos Battlefield site is situated a short
distance west of the town on the road to Bloemfontein.
Chief Moroka’s grave: The grave of Chief Moroka at the Wesleyan Mission Station has
been declared a National monument but can only be viewed with special permission. The
Chief’s Kgotla (Kraal) is also situated in the area.
Great Trek Plaques: Bronze Voortrekker plaques mark the trails made by the Voortrekkers'
ox wagons during the Great Trek of 1838.
Historic Buildings: The Dutch Reformed Church and St Paul’s Methodist Church warrant a
visit, as does the church designed by renowned priest-cum-artist, Father Claerhout.
Moroka House: Moroka House in Ratlou Village was once the home of Doctor James Sebe
Moroka, President-General of the African National Congress (ANC) between 1949 and
1952.
TWEESPRUIT
This town lies in a primarily dairy-farming district and boasts an excellent agricultural
school. Tweespruit is also the “home” of renowned, Father Claerhout, one of South Africa’s
most prolific and respected artists.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: There are several well-marked hiking trails in the area.
Sport: The town has its own bowling green and golf course and polo is a popular pastime.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Gallery: The art gallery in town is full of surprises and is a must for art lovers.
Father Claerhout’s Gallery: Visits to Father Claerhout’s Gallery and studio located at the
nearby Mission Station, may be undertaken by appointment. Father Claerhout, a Belgian
priest, came to South Africa in 1946 and started painting the simple rural scenes that
surrounded him. Today, he is a world-renowned artist and his paintings are much in
demand.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Amimaweh Holiday Resort: Awimaweh Holiday Resort offers visitors luxury accommodation
as well as a golf course, three swimming pools, a restaurant and angling and water sport
facilities.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Agricultural School: Sir Herbert Baker, architect of the Union Building in Pretoria, designed
the Agricultural School buildings.
Dairy Museum: This informative museum depicts the history and the workings of the dairy
industry.
48

Historic Church: The town’s sandstone church is typical of early Orange Free State church
architecture.
VAN STADENSRUS
Situated between the Free State towns of Wepener and Zastron, this relatively young town
was proclaimed in 1925 and named after the owner of the farm on which the town was laid
out.
WEPENER
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Water sport: Egmont Dam, on
the Wepener Road, is the ideal
venue for those interested in
water sport.
HISTORY AND
ARCHITECTURE
Anglo-Boer War Grave: The
grave of CWA Durand, a Boer
commander during the Anglo-
Boer War, is located in this
area.
This town, on the banks of the Caledon River at Jammerbergspruit, was named after the
Boer leader Louw Wepener, who was killed in 1865 while attacking the Basotho stronghold
of Thaba Bosiu during the Second Basotho War. The town and surroundings were also the
scene of many battles fought during the early nineteenth century and the many unidentified
graves in the valley of the Jammerbergspruit bear witness to this sad fact. Van Rooyen’s
Gate Border Post, the gateway to Lesotho, lies 7 km from the town. The Wepener of today
is a centre for a large wool, grain, maize and livestock farming area, as well as building
sand manufacturing centre.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sport: The Wepener district, with its many dams (Knelpoort, Welbedacht,
Caledonia) and the nearby Caledon River, is a prime angling and water sport area.
4x4 routes: 4x4 Enthusiasts are regular visitors to the region. The 4x4 trail in the Caledon
Nature Reserve is one of several trails in the area. An off-road race is held here every
September.
Hiking: There are several hiking trails in town, such as those in the Caledon Nature
Reserve.
Mountain-biking: Mountain-hikers are welcome to try out Wepener's mountain bike trail.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Some intricate San rock art can be viewed on Ventershoek Farm.
49

FAUNA AND FLORA
Caledon Nature Reserve: The 3 700 ha Caledon Nature Reserve is located just off the
Wepener-Smithfield Road, approximately 120 km from Bloemfontein. Game species include
black wildebeest, grey rhebuck and zebra. Nearly 200 species of birds, including the
majestic fish eagle, have also been recorded. The reserve has two floating bush camps,
each of which can accommodate 16 people. Each of the bush camps has its own barbecue
and ablution facilities. The reserve is ideal for angling and some record size carp and
barbel have been caught here. Other species of fish include the yellow fish and the Orange
River mudfish. Visitors can leave their bush camps to indulge in some canoeing, gliding
over the waters of the Caledon River, or can try out the 4x4 trail. A visit to the Snake Park
is yet another option to consider. The rolling hills of this reserve are clothed in various hues
of green during summer and winter brings with it a golden glow. The Caledon River, with its
thick reed beds, from which the reserve gets its name, slowly winds through the reserve.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Jammerbergdrif Battlefield: The Jammerbergdrif Battlefield site near the Caledon River in
the Wepener area witnessed many battles between the Boers and the British. One such
battle saw General Christian de Wet and his soldiers attack a British garrison of 2 000 men,
in a siege that lasted 17 days. However, when British reinforcements arrived, Boer forces
had to retreat. The library in town houses a permanent exhibit of this battle site.
Dutch Reformed Church: The sandstone Dutch Reformed Church, in Kerk Street, was
erected in 1882 and has been declared a National monument.
Lord Fraser’s House: The house of Lord Ian Fraser, an early local inhabitant, has been
lovingly restored to its original Victorian glory and now serves as a guest house.
Sandstone Bridge: The sandstone street bridge over the Caledon River has been declared
a National monument.
Town Hall: The sandstone Town Hall was built in 1927. Note the memorial gates and statue
of Commandant Louw Wepener in front of the Hall. The renowned South African sculptor,
Coert Steynberg, sculpted the bronze bust.
50

NORTHERN FREE STATE
Northern Free State Tourism Information Centre
Street address: John Vorster Road, Sasolburg, 1947
Postal address: PO Box 10, Sasolburg, Free State, South Africa, 1947
Tel: +27 (0)16 976 0765
Fax: +27 (0)16 973 3903
E-mail: tourism@nfsdc.co.za
Website: http//www.nfsdc.co.za
Kilometres and kilometres of maize fields, their yellowed cobs winking at us from afar and
interspersed with fields of sunflowers: this is the gold grown on the land of the Northern
Free State. This region produces the major portion of the country’s maize crop and a
section of it is also referred to as the Maize Triangle, to indicate where most of the maize is
grown. With an abundance of water and the presence of such diverse features as hilly
grasslands, rugged mountains, fertile highveld plains, the region can truly be said to have it
all. In addition to the maize and sunflowers, wheat, sorghum, cattle, sheep and dairy
farming is also practised here.
In the extreme north, in a valley lined with willow trees, lie the mighty Vaal River, supplier of
"liquid life" to the area, the 300 square km Vaal Dam and the Vaal Dam Nature Reserve.
Both are prime holiday destinations ideal for adventure activities such as white-water
rafting, canoeing, boating and angling. In fact, the Vaal Dam is regarded as one of the ten
best flat-water canoeing, water skiing and boardsailing venues in South Africa.
51

The presence of the Vredefort Dome, a unique geological formation resulting from a
meteorite crashing into Earth some 2 000 million years ago, is another bonus for
adventurers and anyone who enjoys a taste of the unique and unusual. Inside the Dome
area, some 200 km wide, several adventure opportunities exist and there are plant and
insect species that are found nowhere else on earth.
Also found in the Northern Free State is Sasolburg, the home of SASOL, a world player in
the petro-chemical industry.
DENEYSVILLE
Deneysville, on the southern banks of the Vaal Dam, was established in 1939 and was
named after Deneys Reitz, son of a former President of the Free State. The hunting lodge
originally used by Deneys Reitz is on the banks of Vaal Dam and now serves as a church.
Deneysville boasts numerous yacht clubs, marinas, boat chandlers and builders and repair
yards – it is an authentic water-sport playfield. The town and surroundings are a registered
urban conservancy and it is therefore not strange to spot the odd hare, porcupine,
hedgehog or other small animal right in the middle of town.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Air ventures: The town has an airfield that can be used by light aircraft and micro-light
planes.
Anchor Creek Marina: The Marina has accommodation in caravans or on a houseboat. It
also offers yacht and boat charters and sunset cruises. There are picnic and braai
(barbecue) areas, as well as a swimming pool on the premises.
52

Hiking: The Klipkraal Hiking Trail is a clearly marked route through a tranquil environment
with game and many birds. Over-night accommodation on the trail consists of a base camp
that can sleep up to 30 people, and Kiepersol Cottage which is self-catering and sleeps
four.
Regatta: The biggest inland yacht race in the world, the Round-the-Island Race, is held on
Vaal Dam, near Deneysville each year. Lake Deneys Yacht Club hosts the race and
approximately 500 to 700 watercraft usually enter; ranging from dinghies to catamarans
and keelboats.
Water sports: Angling (carp, yellow fish and barbel) swimming, sailing and boating
opportunities abound, as do water skiing and boardsailing opportunities.
Yacht cruises: Vicita’s Executive Charters offer luxury yacht cruises on the Vaal Dam.
Choose between day, sundown or overnight cruises.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art gallery: Gallery Girard and Tiley, on the banks of the Vaal Dam, sells a wide variety of
paintings, sculptures, pottery and antique furniture. It also promotes the local art and crafts
of the Vaal triangle.
Ceramics: Visit Trucraft Studio at 12 van der Merwe Street for exclusive handmade and
hand-painted ceramics or join one of the educational tours through the studio.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Bird- and game-watching: Many aquatic and other species of birds have made this area
their home. As the entire area is an urban conservancy, many animals can be spotted and
their whereabouts are generally a surprise since one would expect many of them to be
living only in the wild.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Vaal Dam Wall Tours: An inspection of the dam wall will allow visitors to appreciate the
vastness of the dam, its wall and the work that went into its construction.
EDENVILLE
This small town, which supports a predominantly farming community, was proclaimed in
1912, and epitomises rural Free State living. For many people a huge poplar grove near the
town was so beautiful that it reminded them of the Garden of Eden; hence the name of the
town. Edenville is well placed in the fertile prairies of the Northern Free State Region and is
about two and a half hours’ drive from both Bloemfontein and Johannesburg.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Horse riding: The farm Tweespruit, about seven km from town, is a popular farm holiday
destination and is also home to Roemryk Horse Trails and Safaris. Groups of up to 15
people, including children, can travel the lovely Riemland area on horseback.
Sport: There are several sports facilities in the town, such as the Rudi Jacobs Bowling
Green, Edenville’s golf course and Edenville Dam.
Water sports: Edenville Dam is a perfect venue for angling and canoeing.
53

ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Crafts Market: Edenville's Arts and Craft Market has many hand crafted items for
sale.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Paardekraal Lion Farm: Visits to this private lion-breeding farm to see the lions can be
arranged.
Pudumo Nature Reserve and Lion Farm: The reserve is home to some 13 different species
of game and 30 lions, including the rare white lion. Lions are fed on Wednesdays and
Sundays and visitors are welcome. For those who wish to stay longer there is a lovely
wooden cabin available. One can also view game, do some angling or follow the cycling
and horse trails on the farm.
Stud farms: Make an appointment to visit the several stud farms in the district, and see the
horses at Roemryk Stud and the cattle at Sernick Bonsmara Stud, where a bull-testing
station has also been established.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Centenary Monument: The 1938 monument commemorating the Voortrekkers and their
Great Trek (migration/journey) from the Cape Colony into the interior of the country, is
situated near the Dirkie Uys Sport Fields in the grounds of the secondary school.
Classic cars: Edenville Motors has a fine collection of classic cars.
Dirkie Uys Monument: The Dirkie Uys Monument was erected in honour of the Voortrekker
boy who so courageously defended his father and subsequently died with him during an
attack by the Zulus in 1838. Townsfolk individually inscribed and placed the rocks on this
monument.
Historic buildings: Historic buildings in town include the lovely old sandstone Dutch
Reformed Church, and the Standard Bank Building with its interesting entrance. The
historic Gunpowder House, in the centre of town, dates from the Anglo-Boer War.
FRANKFORT
The small town of Frankfort was established in 1873, on the banks of the Wilge River.
Today, the town boasts a modern holiday resort, campsites and caravan parks. There are
also several guest houses and a game farm in the immediate vicinity. The town is
renowned for its annual Wilge Marathon in February and the Raft Race held every
September. Frankfort is positioned in the heart of the Maize Triangle, the principal maizeproducing
area in South Africa. During the late summer and early autumn (February to
May) the area is transformed into a wonderland of white, pink and purple, as the cosmos
flowers start blooming.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
4x4 Routes: Two five-hour 4x4 routes have been established on the Aanleg Guest Farm,
situated near the Wilge River, seven km from Frankfort.
Hunting: Riemland Game offers hunting packages on a farm in the district.
Water sports: The nearby Wilge River is ideal for swimming, angling, water skiing, boating
and sailing, and the more adventurous can take part in either one or five-day dinghy trips.
54

Wilge Marathon and Raft Race: These two events are well known and well supported both
locally and nationally. The Raft Race is more for fun and entertainment, and the Marathon
is a qualifying race for the international Comrades Marathon Race, the 90 km Ultra-
Marathon run in KwaZulu-Natal in June every year.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Stone dwellings: Some prehistoric stone dwellings can be seen close to the town. The long
vanished Leghoya people are believed to have inhabited the Frankfort/Heilbron area and
left behind the remains of some corbelled house.
ART AND CRAFTS
Namahadi Art and Crafts Centre: If
you are after authentic cultural
crafts and beadwork visit the
Namahadi Art and Crafts Centre in
Namahadi Township. Ask at the
Municipality for a list of tourist
guides.
Taxidermy: Impala Taxidermy, the
2002 winner of the “People’s
Choice Trophy” offers guided tours
through its taxidermy concern. See
how the craft of taxidermy is plied
and take home some lovely leather
articles.
ENTERTAINMENT AND
SHOPPING
Frankfort River Resort: The resort
is situated on the banks of the
Wilge River where visitors can
angle and relax while listening to
the calls of the numerous birds in
the area.
Guest Houses and lodges: For
overnight accommodation try the
Lodge in Brand Street or Alrines
Cottage in Beckwith Street. The
Siesta Guest House on the farm
Merrydale is located 10 km out of
town on road R26 to
Tweeling/Bethlehem.
Water Park Caravan Park: The caravan park is situated next to the Wilge River. A picnic
site is laid out on the banks of the river.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic buildings: The town has some interesting old buildings, ranging in architectural
style from typical Free State sandstone buildings to buildings with fine Victorian fretwork
and quaint thatched roofs. The Magistrate’s Office in Edwardian style, the sandstone Police
Station and the Post Office (1904) with its Cape Dutch gable have all been declared
National monuments and stand side by side in Van Reenen Street.
55

Dutch Reformed Church: The old bell of the Dutch Reformed Church survived a fire in
1901, as well as being thrown away on a rubbish dump, before it was found and restored to
its rightful place in the church’s bell tower. The church was inaugurated in 1883.
Anglo-Boer War Blockhouse: Relics from the Anglo-Boer War, such as the old blockhouse
in the vicinity of the town, and a 15-pound British cannon, located on the farm
Kalwerfontein, managed to survive. General Manie Botha who commanded the Harrismith
Boers during the war and at the Battle of Paardeberg, is buried on Kalwerfontein, which
now belongs to his son.
HEILBRON
Heilbron lies in the district known the Riemland – “place of thongs”. The thongs are
made from the hides of the animals of the vast herds of game that used to roam the open
savannah. The long vanished Leghoya people inhabited the area until they were driven
away by Zulu and Matabele tribes. The European Trekkers followed next and clashed
regularly with the Zulus and Matabele. A town was established here in 1890 and called
Heilbron ("Fountain of blessing or well-being") because it was situated near a strong
fountain that provided sufficient water for both man and beast. Heilbron is a typical,
peaceful Free State town surrounded by stock, dairy, maize, sorghum, wheat and
sunflower farms and also boasts two huge conservancies, Ghoya Africa and Francolin
Creek.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: Sweethome Fishing Paradise is situated on the banks of the Vaal Dam
approximately 30 km from Heilbron and has a guest house, as well as camping and
caravanning facilities.
Golf: The town has its own 18-hole golf course. Visitors are welcome.
Hiking: For a hike of a more historical nature try the hiking trail at the Vegkop Battlefield
site, 20 km out of town. There are several superb hiking trails in the Ghoya Africa and
Francolin Creek Conservancies.
Holiday Farms: Mooifontein Holiday Farm offers guests accommodation in a beautiful 1922
sandstone farmhouse dating from 1922, and Lekkerlag Farm, a fully operational dairy farm,
offers accommodation in a garden chalet. Mooidraai Holiday Farm offers all the usual
holiday farm amenities.
Hunting: Leeupoort Safaris have several hiking and game viewing trails and
accommodation is provided in a bush camp on the banks of the Renoster River. Hunting is
allowed during the hunting season.
Tierbank Safari Tented Camp: The camp is well suited to those who like to “rough” it.
Angling, swimming and non-motorised water sport opportunities exist.
Water Sport: Eeufees Dam on the Renoster River is the ideal venue for most kinds of water
sports and angling.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Ruins: The long vanished Leghoya people who lived in this area left behind the ruins of
several corbelled houses. The ridge overlooking the site where the Battle of Vegkop took
56

place was formerly the stronghold of a Sotho tribe. The ruins of their abandoned huts,
kraals and walls give an indication of how they used to live.
CUISINE
Riemland Wine Route: The Heilbron area leg of this route includes visits to three Western
Cape retail wine cellars such as the Boland Cellar, trading as Francolin Creek Wine Cellar,
on the farm Dipkraal; the Van Loveren Cellar, trading as the Goedehoop Cellar, on the farm
Goedehoop and the Swartland Cellar, trading as Stadlerheim Cellar, on the farm
Schuttersrus. A fourth cellar that will stock Simonsig Wines will be opened on this route
shortly. Spend the day tasting wine and have lunch at one of the picnic spots in the new
Ghoya Africa or Francolin Creek Conservancies.
CULTURE/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Traditional Healers: The African National Healers Association, a group of traditional
healers, who use methods rooted in ancestral medicine to diagnose and prescribe cures,
can be contacted through the Municipality.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Francolin Creek Conservancy: The conservancy is situated on the farm Diepkraal where
the Francolin Creek Wine Cellar is also located and has beautiful scenery, game and birdviewing,
hiking and horse-riding. The Francolin Creek Guest Lodge serves home-cooked
farm food and as a special treat, one of its famous “bush braais”.
Ghoya Africa Conservancy: This relatively new conservancy was founded in 2001 on the
farm Goedehoop and, in collaboration with other local farmers and landowners stretches
over 6 000 ha of savannah grassland and hills criss-crossed by rivers, dams and big open
skies. The conservancy includes the Moratiwa and Oppie Plaas Nature Reserves and the
farm Schuttersrus where the Stadlerheim Wine Cellar is located. The Goedehoop Wine
Cellar and Guest House that offers accommodation in a restored 1892 farmhouse, is also
57

part of the conservancy. Herds of game have been reintroduced and established in this
area and visitors can expect to encounter zebra and many different species of buck and
antelope, as well as smaller mammals and many species of birds. The ”Fishing Spot”, set
along a perennial stream surrounded by huge trees is the ideal place for a picnic and to
swim and angle to your heart’s content. River rafting on the Renoster River is great fun.
Game and bird hunting is allowed during the hunting season and horse riding and hiking
opportunities abound. Four eco-friendly hiking trails, the Ghoya, Springbok, Blesbok and
Johnny Walker Trails have been established in the conservancy. Accommodation is
available in Buys Huis, a two-roomed, mud and stone hut that sleeps 11, is solar powered
and offers ultimate isolation and silence.
Riemland Game Bird Project: Birdlovers may want to visit the Windheuwel Lodge
Research Centre where scientists from the University of Cape Town and Pretoria
Technikon research the life cycles and mating habits of guinea fowl. Game bird hunting is
allowed in season.
Tau Thaba: For a close encounter with lions visit this farm situated about 16 km from
Heilbron. Facilities include accommodation for ten people, a “boma” and entertainment
area.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Mother and Child Monument: The Mother and Child Monument was erected in honour of
the 787 Boer women and children who died in the Heilbron Concentration Camp during the
Anglo-Boer War.
Riemland Museum: The Riemland Museum is housed in the old Jewish Synagogue in
Langmark Street and depicts the chronological and cultural history of the district, as well as
the facts behind the Battle of Vegkop.
Vegkop Battlefield Monument and museum: The Vegkop Battlefield Monument and Vegkop
Museum were erected as a reminder of the battle between the Matabele and the
Voortrekkers at Vegkop in 1836. Although the Voortrekkers gained the victory at Vegkop,
they still suffered severe losses and had to repulse many subsequent attacks. There are
culptures by renowned South African sculptor, Coert Steynberg, at the site.
Voortrekker Centenary Memorial: The Voortrekker Centenary Memorial is situated in town.
KOPPIES (including Kwakwatsi)
The renowned Boer General CR de Wet established this small town on the banks of the
Renoster River in 1904 to aid underprivileged Boers who had lost their properties and
livelihood as a result of the Anglo-Boer War. Emily Hobhouse, the famous Welsh
humanitarian who worked hard to help the Boer women and children in the concentration
camps, also played a major role in the settlement of the town. She promoted the idea of
home industries to allow Boer women to earn a living. Koppies is located in the so-called
“Maize Belt” a primarily agricultural area where maize, sunflower and grain crops flourish.
The township of Kwakwatsi lies close to town and boasts no less than15 fully functional
churches of different denominations in one street – appropriately called Church Street.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Farm holiday: The Sonneblom Guest House is on a working ostrich farm, next to the N1 Toll
Road at the Rooiwal/Vredefort turn-off.
58

Horse riding: Contact Erasmus Stables on the farm Arbeid, 10 km from Koppies on the
Edenville Road, for horse riding lessons and other equestrian pursuits.
Hunting: Hunting packages can be negotiated on the farms Verdeel and Prospect.
Koppies Dam: The dam and nature reserve is a popular recreational, water sports and
angling venue.
Motorbike and quad bike trails: Well-indicated trails have been established on the farm
Buffeldoorn, located along the gravel road to Waaihoek, between Koppies and Edenville.
Paradys Holiday Resort: This resort is situated eight km north-west of Koppies on the
Vredefort Road and offers game and birdviewing, water sports and angling on the nearby
Rooipoort Dam. Accommodation consists of chalets and a guest house, on a hill
overlooking the Rooipoort Dam. Paradys Hotel is situated in Koppies.
Water sports: Water sports such as skiing, paragliding, sailing and angling can be enjoyed
at Koppies Dam.
ART AND CRAFTS
Koppies Crafts: This business specialises in making the type of toys that children used to
play with before the advent of video games and television. Do not be surprised to see doll’s
rocker cots, rocking horses, miniature houses and a variety of pull-and-push toys for
smaller children.
Kwakwatsi Market: An informal market is held in front of the Community Hall every pension
day. Contact the Municipality for more information.
Lace: Handmade lace is made and sold at the Old Age Home in town.
Taxidermy and Curio Shop: The De Moed Taxidermy and Curio Shop prepares hunting
trophies, tan skins and offers an interesting array of leather articles and other curios.
CUISINE
Dairy with a difference: This unique goats’ milk dairy is located on a farm situated four km out
of town on the Vredefort Road. The Van Schalkwyk Dairy produces goat milk cheese,
yoghurt, ice cream and condensed milk. Goats’ milk is easier to digest and has lower levels
of lactose than cows’ milk, making it very effective for use in diabetic diets and for people
with peptic ulcers and other gastric complaints.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Shopping: Koppies has several shopping facilities, such as the Carousel Gift Shop and
Marthie’s Home Industry and Health Shop. The ladies of the Free State are renowned for
their baking and sewing skills.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Koppies Dam Nature Reserve: Koppies Dam Nature Reserve covers an area of 4 300 ha.
The reserve is 16 km east of Koppies and is home to several species of birds, some of
which are aquatic. Game viewers may also spot white rhino, buffalo and small mammals,
such as cane rats. This reserve consists mainly of grassveld and dense thickets of sweet
thorn trees, an ideal nesting place for secretary birds. The weeping willows along the banks
of the Renoster River lend colour to the surroundings. The reserve provides camping sites
without electricity and there is also a self-catering bush camp with tents that sleep 12
59

people. The huge Koppies Dam is a haven for anglers who hope to catch various species
of fish, such as Orange River mudfish, yellowfish, barbel and carp.
Plant Nursery: Keen gardeners will enjoy an outing to Serfontein Saailinge (seedling)
situated on the old Kroonstad Road about 25 km from Koppies. Visit, view and buy
ageratum, petunia, poppy, impatiens, begonia and many other seedlings.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTUE
Roodewal Battlefield: The Battle of Roodewal took place on 7 June 1900 near Rooiwal
Station, approximately 10 km from Koppies. On this day General Christiaan de Wet
decided to attack the garrison of 150 British soldiers guarding the war supplies that had
piled up at Rooiwal Station after the Boers had damaged the bridge over the Renoster
River. He succeeded in overpowering the garrison with only 80 men and made off with
supplies worth 100 000 pounds.
Centenary Memorial: This memorial, erected in 1938 to commemorate the centenary of the
Great Trek of 1838, was erected in the grounds of the Dutch Reformed Church in Kerk
Street.
Concentration Camp Cemetery: The Concentration Camp Cemetery lies near Dreamland
Station on the Sasolburg/Koppies Road and contains the graves of the Boer women and
children who died in the British concentration camps in the area.
General de Wet’s House: General Christiaan de Wet, the well known Boer general, lived in
this area for a few years during the 1900s. The British burnt down the original house during
the Anglo-Boer War but General de Wet had it rebuilt after the war. The farm is situated in
the vicinity of Rooipoort Dam on the Vredefort Road.
German Church: Mr Fredrich Krause, a German resident of the town, donated the parcel of
land on the farm Groenvlei on which a small German church was erected in 1918. This
quaint little church is situated approximately 25 km outside the town and is still in use. It
seats 60 people and is a popular venue for small, intimate weddings and christenings.
Historic remains: The farm Poortjie on the Heilbron Road, approximately 15 km out of town
belonged to a Mr Erasmus who, in 1917 built a big sandstone storehouse, stone pens and
water canals on the farm. The storeroom is still relatively intact, as are the water canal and
walls of the sheep pen. According to legend this was the site where General de Wet and
his followers had their first meeting to discuss the Rebellion against the British and South
African Government.
House Emily Hobhouse: Emily Hobhouse established a Lace School in Koppies in 1909.
She introduced the idea of home industry crafts to help underprivileged Boer women to
earn a living, to many of the small towns in the district. She was so highly revered by the
Boer nation that her ashes were buried with those of the beloved Boer leader, General
Christiaan de Wet, President and Mrs MT Steyn and the Reverend JD Kestell at the foot of
the National Women’s Museum in Bloemfontein. Koppies Library and Emily Hobhouse
House exhibit lace articles produced at the school.
Kopjes Irrigation Nederzetting School Building: The Kopjes Irrigation Nederzetting School
was established in 1914 to house and educate the children of the (mainly white) workforce
that built the Koppies Dam. The dam was built after the war on the recommendation of
General Christiaan de Wet to help impoverished Boers who had lost their farms and had no
other work to do. Part of the old school building has been preserved and can be seen at the
Sarel Cilliers High School. The old principal’s house is still standing. Both buildings were
60

uilt with great expertise, some say by Italian artisans, with dressed ironstone/granite
blocks and sandstone.
Memorial Pillar: A memorial pillar erected in the grounds of the Dutch Reformed Church in
Kerk Street commemorates the Emily Hobhouse Lace School, a godsend for impoverished
Boer women who lost everything they owned during the Anglo-Boer War.
Open-air Farm Museum: The farm Humphries has become the home of various old
tractors, horse-drawn carriages and hooded carriages. This is a private collection that can
only be viewed by prior appointment. The farm also boasts Red Afrikaner cattle, sheep and
a Frisian horse stud. The homestead is filled with exquisite woodcarvings.
KROONSTAD
Kroonstad is the third largest town in the Free State and an important railway junction on
the main line from Cape Town to Johannesburg. According to local folklore the town,
established in 1855, was named after “Kroon”, the horse of Voortrekker leader Sarel
Cilliers. The horse apparently drowned in a pothole in a nearby stream, henceforth called
Kroonspruit (Kroon’s Stream). The Vals River runs through the town and draws angling and
water sport enthusiasts to the town where an annual Kroon River Carnival offers all and
sundry the opportunity to design and hopefully keep their own rafts afloat, for the duration
of several fun races.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: Bring your rod and tackle and enjoy the abundance of the Vals River.
Golf: Kroonstad has two lovely 18-hole golf courses.
61

Hiking: The Theronsdrift and Renosterkop Wildlife Hiking Trails will take you through a
terrain dotted with indigenous trees, at least 150 different species of birds, and some fine
San rock art sites.
Hunting: Hunting is allowed in the Boskoppie Game Reserve.
Jukskei: The indigenous South African sport, "jukskei", has its headquarters in Kroonstad.
Road running: The town annually hosts the Kroon Marathon and half-marathon races. The
marathon race is accepted as qualifier for the Comrades and Two Oceans races, held later
in the year in KwaZulu Natal and the Western Cape respectively.
Water sport: The Vals River and the neighbouring Serfontein and Bloemhoek Dams offer
opportunities for nearly every form of water sport imaginable.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: San rock art can be viewed on Boschpoort, a farm in the vicinity of the town.
ART AND CRAFTS
Antiques, arts and crafts: Spend an interesting hour or two at the Snuffelgat Antique Shop
or browse through the handmade needlework items and other gifts at the Kroonstad Tuis
Co-op. There is also a curio shop at the Kroonpark Complex, pottery and art for sale at 12
Barnard Street, works of art produced on leather by Mr Chris Gerber and woodcarvings that
can be viewed by appointment only on the farm Steildrif. Kosike Staal produces beautiful
wrought iron steel furniture and other items. At Klee die Nasie some local women are
generating an income for themselves with their needlework.
Modern art: St Patrick’s Cathedral is a renowned repository of South African modern art.
Performing arts: Renowned performing artists often take to the stage of the Civic Theatre.
CULTURE/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Cultural Historical Route: The Cultural Historical Route, designed by pupils of the local De
Wet Nel High School, won an award from the Simon van der Stel Foundation and will take
you to 20 cultural/historical places of interest in and around Kroonstad.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Festival of Lights: The town is renowned for its Festival of Lights, held in the last three
weeks of December, during which every building, tree and lamppost in the town is
transformed into a wonderland of lights.
Flea Markets and Festivals: The monthly Kroon Flea Market is conducted on premises next
to the Pick and Pay Shopping Complex. A street festival is held in Cross Street in mid-
September of each year.
Kroonpark Recreational Complex: The modern Kroonpark Complex has an indoor, heated
swimming pool as well as an outdoor pool, water slides and other water-related activities.
Fully furnished chalets and a caravan park offer accommodation surrounded by green
lawns and shady trees. The complex also has an 18-hole Putt-Putt (mini-golf) course and
an 18-hole golf course.
Tourism Routes: Contact the Municipality for more information about its specially designed
Cultural Historical and Mieliekontrei (Maize Region) Tourism Routes.
62

FAUNA AND FLORA
Nature and Game Reserves: There are two private game reserves, Nooitgedacht and
Boskoppie, in the vicinity. The Boskoppie Reserve has a pride of lions that are kept in
captivity for a scientific lion-breeding programme as well as cheetah, leopard and 13 other
species of game. Horse riding, hiking and 4x4 routes can be followed throughout the
reserve. Nooitgedacht Reserve is home to several different species of game and has fully
equipped chalets with magnificent views and braai (barbecue) facilities.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Alexandra Bridge: This bridge, built in 1905 and named after the British royal, Princess
Alexandra, was the only crossing over the Vals River before the Sarel Cilliers Bridge was
built.
Historic Cemeteries: Some of the
over 2 000 Boer women and children
who died in the nearby
Concentration Camp during the
Anglo-Boer War are buried in the
town cemetery. Their names are
recorded for posterity on a marble
slab in the cemetery. The town also
has a British and a Scottish
Cemetery where the remains of the
British and Commonwealth soldiers
and soldiers of the First Scottish
Brigade who lost their lives during
the Anglo-Boer war, lie buried. An
obelisk guards the entrance to the
British cemetery and the Bloemspruit
Monument mark the Concentration
Camp cemetery.
Historic buildings: A number of
stately and historical old buildings
adorn the streets of Kroonstad.
These include the two Dutch
Reformed Churches, the Methodist
and Presbyterian Churches (1897),
the City Hall (1903), the old Market
Square Post Office (1883) and the
old prison cells behind the Post
Office building, which were built
before 1861 and housed in what is
believed to be the oldest building in
town.
Other fine old buildings that can be seen are the Standard Bank Building, designed by Sir
Herbert Baker in 1906, the Old Magistrate’s Building (1905) on the corner of Mark and
Murray Streets and the old Market Building where one of the most important councils of war
was conducted on 17 April 1900 by President Paul Kruger, President MT Steyn and Boer
Generals Louis Botha, Christiaan de Wet and Koos de la Rey.
63

“Jukskei” Museum: This museum is dedicated to the game of “jukskei” a historic Afrikaans
game played in earlier times with the yoke pins used to harness oxen in front of an ox
wagon.
Monuments: The town has several other monuments such as the Burger Monument
dedicated to local men who died during the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), the Afrikaans
Language Monument and the Bloemspruit Monument that commemorates the Great Trek
of 1838.
Sarel Cilliers Museum: The museum depicts the colourful history of Kroonstad and its
inhabitants. It is a fully-fledged theme exhibition and one of only five of its kind in the Free
State.
Sarel Cilliers Statue: The solemn statue of Voortrekker and religious leader, Sarel Cilliers,
stands in front of the Dutch Reformed Church. Arrangements can be made to visit the farm
Doornkloof, where Sarel Cilliers lived, to see his homestead and grave.
Steam Train Cemetery: Steam train enthusiasts often make the trip to this, the last resting
place of many worthy old steam locomotives.
War Memorial and Gun Carriage: The memorial is situated in front of the Municipal Offices
and commemorates the men of Kroonstad who died during the First and Second World
Wars and during active service since then.
ORANJEVILLE
Oranjeville used to be a halfway stop for wagons travelling between Heilbron, Frankfort and
Vereeniging. The town was established on the banks of the Wilge River in 1919 and named
after the Netherlands Prince of Orange who was very involved in the upliftment of the
people of South Africa at the time. Today, the town is surrounded by vast areas of water
and commonly dubbed the “Peninsula” of the Northern Free State.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sport: Angling is a popular local activity and there are many water sport
opportunities to choose from in the vicinity of the town.
Jim Fouché Holiday Resort: The 142 ha Jim Fouché Resort was named after a former
South African President. It is located on the southern banks of the Vaal Dam, which makes
it an ideal holiday and water sport paradise with ample opportunities for angling, boating
and swimming. The resort has 46 chalets, two apartments, five wooden houses and
several caravan sites, as well as a landing strip for micro-light aeroplanes.
Municipal Dam Front Camping Site: This well-maintained camping site is a popular holiday
and recreational venue used by both local and out-of-town visitors.
Oranjeville Holiday Resort: This family holiday resort has safe, clean camping sites and
ablution facilities and is situated on the Vaal Dam waterfront.
Wilgedraai Holiday Resort: This resort has all the usual amenities and facilities under shady
trees and has 10 km of water-frontage for angling and water sports.
64

PARYS
According to legend a German land surveyor who had participated in the Siege of Paris
during the Franco-Prussian War named the town on the banks of the Vaal River Paris,
since it reminded him of Paris on the River Seine. The Vaal River is more than one km wide
near the town and is studded with islands, such as Gold Island, Woody Island, Steyn's
Island and Groot Island. The many camping sites, caravan parks, and pleasure resorts on
the banks of the river make the town a popular holiday destination. Parys is small and
peaceful and many people have chosen to retire here. The river is part of the town and
strolls and picnics on its banks are a regular local pastime.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Abseiling: Abseiling is yet another
adventure sporting activity that
visitors to Parys may indulge in.
Angling: Many anglers and
adventurers flock to Parys over
weekends and holidays. Angling
and fly-fishing venues include
Fish Eagle Caravan Park, Hanzet
Distillers, Hakuna Matata
Adventures, Rocky Ridge, The
Dell and Thabela Thabeng.
Dimalachite Holiday Resort:
Adventurers flock to this resort on
the Vredefort Road, which is
ideally suited for white-water
rafting, hiking, mountain-biking,
abseiling, horse-riding, fly-fishing,
deep-water angling and game
drives.
Gliding and micro-light flying:
Parys has facilities available for
gliding and micro-light
enthusiasts.
Golf: Golf Island can lay claim to
a 9-hole golf course. The Island is
connected to the riverbank by a
suspension bridge that was built
high enough to allow access to
the island, even when the river is
in flood. The bridge was built in
1919.
Hadeda Creek River Tours and Safaris: Enjoy staying in a safari-style tented camp, do
some river rafting, quad biking, fly-fishing, abseiling or simply enjoy being out of doors.
65

Hiking: The 20 km Likkewaan Hiking Trail, with its abundance of animal and bird life,
passes several historical battle sites and disused diamond diggings. Other trails include the
Buffelskloof, Kruin, Rooihaas (“Red Rabbit”), Boat and Paddle and the Stap en Delf (“Walk
and Dig”) Hiking Trails. There are also several shorter trails.
Khaya Ibhubesi (Home of the Lion): This resort offers you a unique “African” experience
with its rustic log cabins, chalets, traditional Zulu huts and beautiful riverside lodges.
Excellent European and African cuisine is served in the different restaurants on the
premises.
Klein Paradys Christian Camp Resort: This adventure farm borders the Vaal River and has
chalets, caravan and tent stands and facilities for water sports, hiking, abseiling, rock
climbing, as well as a 4x4 route and quad biking facilities.
Mimosa Garden Holiday Resort: The resort has several chalets, a restaurant and all the
usual amenities and sporting facilities.
Mountain-biking: Try the popular Likkewaan Mountain Biking Trail with or without a guide.
Guided tours are available on request. Offtrax, on the Savannah Game Farm, also offers
guided mountain biking tours.
66
River-rafting: Parys is one of the most
popular river-rafting venues in the country.
Several companies offer rafting
opportunities for private as well as
corporate groups. Book at Hadeda Creek
(River Tour Safaris), Dimalachite and
Sunwa Ventures, in town. As the river is so
wide at Parys, the rapids increase as the
water rises, causing a 900-m long
continuous rapid dubbed the “Theatre”.

ART AND CRAFTS
Antique shops: Driving down the main street, Bree Street, of Parys is like being
transplanted to an earlier era. Antique shops line the street and many display their wares
on the street corners and pavements, compelling most tourists to stop and take a better
look at the treasures they have inside their shops.
Art Gallery: The Art Lovers Coffee Shop and Art Gallery in Bree Street was once a church
building. Today, it houses a selection of exquisite handmade merchandise, individually
styled silverware, unique ceramics and works of art. Other art galleries in Bree Street
include The White House and Plum Tree Coffee and Art Gallery. Enjoy a scrumptious meal
that is an artwork in itself and tastes every bit as good as it looks.
Art Route: Parys has its own Art Route, which is open to the public on the first weekend of
every month. Many artists find inspiration in the town’s tranquil setting on the river bank and
surrounded by the hills. They use media such as paint, clay, iron, wood and sand to
express their creativity.
Metal Art: Die Blakermakers, also situated in Bree Street, make and sell functional metal art
items and Big Five lamps.
Wenman-Smith Studios: The studios in Bree Street sell exclusive African artefacts and
functional but exclusive pottery items.
CUISINE
Mampoer tasting: Visit Hanzet Distillers in Skandinawie Drift Road to taste some of their
brews that include ”witblits”, liqueurs and apple sours.
67

FAUNA AND FLORA
Game-watching: Several private game farms and ranches, such as Buffelskloof Nature
Reserve, Chazen Game Farm and Savannah Game Ranch, cater for visitors who would
like to do some game watching.
Savannah Game Lodge and River Retreat: This 1 000-ha private nature reserve
comfortably nestles in a bend in the river. Cheetahs are bred on the reserve and a variety
of game can be viewed.
Smilin’ Thru Game Farm and Resort: The resort is situated 10 km outside Parys on Road
R500 to Fochville. Smilin’ Thru is on the banks of the Vaal River and allows for game
viewing, water sports, white-water rafting and much more.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglican Church: The relatively “new” Anglican Church in Dolf Street was built from blocks
of blue granite (ironstone) in 1915. The blocks came from the Relief Camp held by the
British during the Anglo-Boer War, which is today the site of the festival grounds.
Dutch Reformed Church: The beautiful old Dutch Reformed Church was built in 1899 and
played an interesting role during the Anglo-Boer War. The British troops parked two cannon
beside the church, believing that the Boer troops would not shoot at their church. During
the fighting, the church building was damaged considerably. The original pulpit was also
removed and sold to a congregation in KwaZulu-Natal in the 1960s. The streets around the
church were named after the first four ministers who served in the church.
Liebenberg Koppies: Liebenberg Koppies, the historic site where a party of Voortrekkers,
under the leadership of Barend Liebenberg, were killed in 1836, lies just across the river on
the Fochville Road. The site has been declared a National monument and a bronze plaque
commemorates the sad event. A small number of Voortrekkers escaped to a nearby island,
“Vlugeiland” (Flight Island).
Ox wagon “Trek” Monument: This monument, commemorating the Great Trek of 1838, is
located between Heap and Loop Streets next to the Sasolburg Road exit from the town. The
memorial was built from rocks carried by hundreds of local inhabitants from the veld. The
perimeter was constructed from rocks taken from Liebenberg Koppie and grinding stones
from the ruins of Matabele “kraals” in the district. An authentic drag-shoe used by the
Voortrekkers when they crossed the Drakensberg Mountains with their ox wagons was
placed on top of the monument.
Ox wagon “Trek” Monument at the High School: This monument, situated in the grounds of
the High School in Schilbach Street, was erected in 1938 to commemorate the
Voortrekkers’ Great Trek of 1838. The tracks of one of the wagons that took part in the trek
were imprinted in a slab of concrete in front of the monument, which contains a message
and vow made by all the pupils of the school. The sealed envelope may only be opened on
5 November 2038.
68

Palm Court Hotel: The current Parys Palm
Court Hotel is one of the few turn-of- thecentury
buildings to have survived the
ravages of time.
Parys Museum: The Museum is housed in
the town’s old Magistrate’s Office, a
building erected in 1904 and built in the
architectural style of the short-lived “Orange
River Colony” period. The building was
proclaimed a National monument in 1986.
The museum offers visitors a detailed
overview of the local cultural, political and
geological history of the town. Definitely
worth a visit!
Reformed Church: The design of the Reformed Church building on the corner of Loop and
Van Coller Streets by the architect, Johan de Ridder, started a new trend in church design.
The church was opened in 1955. The church is built in the shape of a tent – symbolising
the Biblical reference that man’s life on earth is but a temporary life in a “tent dwelling”.
Town Hall: The current town hall dates from the 1930s and was designed in the Art Deco
style.
War Memorial: The War Memorial in front of the Town Hall is believed to have been
erected by ex-servicemen after the First World War. It is constructed out of pink granite
blocks obtained locally and contains the names of the local men who died in these wars. A
second block was later added containing the names of people who had fought and died
during the Second World War.
SASOLBURG
The town, established in the early 1950s to provide housing and facilities for SASOL
employees, owes its existence to the petro-chemical industry. SASOL’s three plants, (the
other two are at Secunda in Mpumalanga) are still the only viable coal-derived oil refineries
in the world. Sasolburg is known as the "Garden Town" of the Northern Free State and for
several consecutive years has won the prize for the town with the most attractive entrance.
It is a regional planning success story and people often jokingly remark that there are more
trees and shrubs (over 70 000 planted originally) in Sasolburg than people. The many oak
trees (a total of 11 849 on municipal ground) lining the streets and planted in other areas in
and around the town are one of the town’s most distinguishing characteristics.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: The Leeuwspruit Hiking Trail takes you through the lovely Highveld Botanical
Garden and Bird Sanctuary where more than 70 species of birds have been recorded. The
Riemland Ecopark hike passes through a 370 ha game camp where you can see many
buck, antelope and birds.
Sport: This town has facilities for just about every sporting activity, including ladies soccer,
jukskei, shooting, darts and deck tennis. The town also has several golf courses. The
Penny Heyns Olympic Swimming Pool is a regular venue for water polo, diving and rescue
69

competitions and for the national SASOL Winter Swimming Championships and the DP de
Villiers Stadium, with its excellent facilities, hosts the annual SASOL Athletics Series finals.
This is also the home ground of the Vaal Triangle Rugby Union.
Vaal Racecourse: The Vaal Racecourse offers exciting horse races and the opportunity to
make (or lose!) a buck or two.
Walking: There are two easier routes to choose from on the Northern Free State Eco-Route
Day Walk. Both routes go down to the Vaal drainage basin.
Water sport: With the Vaal River so close, water sport activities in and around the town,
abound.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and craft shops: There are several shops in town, such as Hearts and Flowers Country
Crafts in Hersov Street where hand-made gifts and artwork are on sale, Purr-fect Friends
where you will find rag dolls, American crafts, woodwork and many other handmade
articles for sale. A local artist makes porcelain dolls on request.
Art Gallery: Gallery 88 is an upmarket gallery featuring the works of contemporary South
African artists. Paintings, graphic art, ceramics, sculptures, drawings and other durable art
and crafts can be purchased at the gallery.
Etienne Rossouw Theatre: The ultra-modern Etienne Rossouw Theatre often stages plays,
shows and art exhibitions. It seats 480 people and its orchestra pit is large enough to
accommodate a full symphony orchestra.
70

Vaal Meander: The new Vaal Meander Art and Crafts Route is considered one of the ten
best in South Africa and is open to the public on the first weekend of every month.
Vaal Park Market: The Vaal Park Art and Handwork Market is a big, biannual event
featuring art and crafts produced by local as well as other artists and crafters.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Abrahamsrust Holiday Resort: Abrahamsrust Resort on the Vaal River offers swimming
pools, water slides, a Putt-Putt course, a model steam train, game camp and play area for
children. The river makes all forms of water sport possible. Caravan and camping sites, as
well as chalets, are available for longer stays.
Art festival: The WAM – Wax, Art and Music Festival - is held annually in the last week of
August in the sports grounds of Sasolburg College. A wax exhibition, drama, music, dance,
art and children’s theatre are on the programme.
Emerald Safari Resort and Casino: A unique African adventure complex consisting of a
Kenyan-style Hotel, Zanzibar Dome, Moroccan-style Souk and cultural village, an Aqua
dome for children, Safari Lodges and animal world and a river resort.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: Bird lovers will enjoy an outing to either the Leeuwspruit Bird Park, in
Colenso Street or to the Grootfontein Bird Park.
Botanical Garden; The 8 ha Highveld Botanical Garden, in President Brand Street, protects
the indigenous plant life of the highveld along meandering paths and rockeries set among
small ponds. This area is also a bird sanctuary.
Riemland Ecopark: A visit to the Riemland Ecopark in Paardeberg Drive is sure to be a hit
with both adults and children. A variety of game such as springbok, impala, waterbuck,
zebra and eland, to name a few, can be viewed.
SASOL/NATREF Game Camps: Unused pockets of land belonging to these organisations
have been turned into game camps housing ostrich, zebra and many species of antelope.
Game camps have also been established next to Road R59 and against the Leeuspruit.
Established waterholes make game- and bird-viewing a very relaxing and enjoyable
outing.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Contemporary architecture: The Etienne Rousseau Theatre and the Public Library are both
excellent examples of contemporary architecture. The latter won the Fulton Award for the
best use of concrete and its auditorium is often used for art and craft exhibitions and music
recitals.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Lethaba Power Station: This power giant holds the distinction of being the only power
station in the world capable of burning coal with an average calorific value of only 16 MJ/kg.
Plant tours can be arranged with the plant’s visitor centre.
SASOL Techno X: This exhibition for pupils and students showpieces the latest
technologies and inventions and is aimed at helping children and young people to choose
the right career.
71

TWEELING
Tweeling, situated 22 km south of the town of Frankfort, was established in 1920. The
name of the town means “twins” and it refers to two similar looking hillocks that can be
seen from town. The town is renowned for its goose farming, mostly to support the
eiderdown (feather duvet) industry.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Hunting expeditions can be undertaken on private farms in the district.
Polo cross: The polo cross club allows for active relaxation in the countryside.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: The area has several fine examples of San rock art.
ART AND CRAFTS
Welgemoed Farm: Eiderdowns/duvets: The town is well known for its goose farming.
Welgemoed Farm makes and sells lightweight goose-feather eiderdowns/duvets.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Geloftefees Area: The Geloftefees (“Vow Festival”) Area was laid out by an Afrikaans
cultural organisation, the Rapportryers, in 1938 at the time of the inauguration of the
Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria. In that year the area served as the official Great Trek
Festival Site.
VILJOENSKROON
This town in the heart of the Maize Triangle was established in 1921 and named after the
owner of the farm, JJ Viljoen and his horse, Kroon. The town is renowned for its many stud
farms and for its massive grain silos. It is one of the largest grain storage centres in South
Africa.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Golf: Viljoenskroon has an 18-hole golf course.
Vaal River Resorts: The Vaal River, with its many holiday resorts, lies approximately 40 km
from Viljoenskroon.
Wawiel (wagon wheel) Park Holiday Resort: The Resort, located on Road 76 to Klerksdorp,
offers camping and caravan sites and has a pleasant hiking trail.
Water sports: The Vaal River, with its many holiday resorts and water sport facilities, lies
approximately 40 km from Viljoenskroon.
ART AND CRAFTS
Marne Farm: The farm offers several products, such as porcelain and wooden benches, for
sale.
Orange Potteries: Orange Potteries, in Rendezvous Street, sell pottery made by local
artists.
72

FAUNA AND FLORA
Benwell Herb Garden and Nursery: The Benwell Herb Garden and Nursery has a fine
collection of plants and herbs.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Evans Tractor Museum: The Evans Tractor Museum on the farm Sandfontein has a
comprehensive selection of early and late model tractors and other historical agricultural
implements.
Great “Trek” Monument: A monument commemorating the Great Trek of the Voortrekkers
in 1838 into the hinterland can be seen in the Faan Rörich Sport Grounds.
World War Two Memorial: The World War Two Memorial is built of metal, stone and
concrete.
VILLIERS
The town of Villiers, on the Vaal River, is generally considered to be one of the prettiest
towns in the Northern Free State. It was founded in 1882 on two farms owned by Lourens
de Villiers. The sedate Victorian houses that still grace the town add to its old-world charm.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sports: The nearby Vaal River has many designated angling spots and
offers many water sport opportunities.
Vaal Holiday Resort: This modern holiday resort on the banks of the Vaal River and close
to the town, offers fun and relaxation as well as entertainment for both locals and visitors.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Sandstone Guest House: This beautiful old sandstone house, on the corner of Main and
Frankfort Streets, is now a guest house of distinction.
Niki’s Road Stall: Visit Niki’s Road Stall if you feel peckish and choose between biltong,
scones, freshly baked bread or ginger beer. The stall also sells local craftwork.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic Buildings: There are various old historic buildings in town, such as the Post Office
and the First National Bank Building, as well as two interesting old bridges: the Wagon
Bridge and the old Train Bridge.
VREDEFORT
Vredefort (“Fort of Peace”) was
founded in 1876. It owes its name to
the peaceful conclusion of a
threatened war between the
Transvaal and the Orange Free
State Republics. The town is
located near the impact site of a
giant meteorite (approximately 10
km in diameter, weighing about 750
000 million tons) that hit the earth at
a speed of 20 000 km per second,
73

some 2 000 million years ago. Scientists worldwide recognise the Vredefort Dome site as
the third largest and oldest meteorite impact site on earth. The Dome area now enclosed
within the Dome Conservancy offers panoramic views over the Vaal River Valley and has
become a popular tourist attraction. Following the Dome Bergland Meander with its 18
stopovers is a good way to explore the surrounding Dome area.
74
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Adventure sport: The Dome area
offers a large variety of adventure
activities, such as hiking, horseriding,
abseiling, rock climbing,
canoeing, white river rafting, angling
and birdwatching.
Fly-fishing: The Vaal Hackle Flyfishing
Resort, an exclusive, selfcatering,
fly-fishing resort, is situated
in the Vredefort Dome Highlands
Yellow Fish Conservancy.
Accommodation consists of four
chalets on the riverbank in
magnificent surroundings.
Hiking, biking, paddling and
canoeing: Popular Dome trails
include the Rooihaas Hiking Trail, the
Dome Mountain Biking Trail, the Driftto-Drift
Canoe Trail and the Boot and
Paddle Hiking and Canoe Trail. The
five mountain bike trails that traverse
the Dome are considered be among
the ten best mountain bike trails in
the country.
Hunting: Hunting opportunities exist
at Chazen Game Lodge.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
New archaeological find: An exciting new archaeological find at Askoppies in the Dome
area, the remains of a young woman and the remains of an Iron Age settlement, have
stirred much interest. Excavations are continuing here and in the many Iron Age caves in
the area.
San Rock Shelters and Caves: The rock shelters along the banks of the Vaal River bear
witness to the earlier presence of the San.

FAUNA AND FLORA
Birds and Butterflies: The Dome is recognised as having a unique eco-system and some
species found here are found nowhere else in the world. Scientific research into the birds,
butterflies and moths of the Dome area has so far revealed 450 species of birds, 99
species of butterflies (as many as are found in the whole of Great Britain) and 15 species of
big moths. Research into the fauna and flora of the area is ongoing.
Chazen Game Lodge: Chazen Game Lodge, in the Dome area, boasts a large camp with a
well-cared for pride of lions, as well as a herd of buffalo and various species of buck and
smaller animals species.
Fauna: Baboons abound in the rocky, mountainous Dome area and leopard, rooikat,
aardwolf, many small species of buck and the endangered rock dassie also live here.
Flora: Approximately 99 species of plants have been identified in the Dome area, including
the world’s largest olivewood tree forest.
Thwane Bush Camp: This exclusive, tented bush camp is situated on a private game farm
and offers game viewing in beautiful surroundings and a relaxed atmosphere. There are
several other private game camps and reserves in the area in which game may be viewed.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic Buildings: An original Voortrekker hartbeeshuisie, a house constructed of
intertwined, hard reeds and dating back to 1881, can be seen in the grounds of the
sandstone Dutch Reformed Church. The latter was consecrated in 1923. The rectory of the
church and the old Post Office Building are fine examples of Cape Dutch architecture. The
two oldest houses in town are situated in Water Street (built in 1884) and Sarel Cilliers
Street (built in 1885).
Symbolic Ox wagon Trek Monument: A monument commemorating the symbolic ox wagon
trek of 1938 stands in the grounds of the Dutch Reformed Church.
NATURAL WONDERS
Vredefort Dome: The Dome is the
site where a meteorite, measuring
approximately 10 km in diameter,
crashed into the earth, approximately
2 000 million years ago, forming a
crater with a circumference of
200 km. According to experts the
impact caused an explosion of
such magnitude that the
meteor itself all but disintegrated.
The resulting shock waves
cause basement rocks deep in
the bowels of the earth to rise up,
pushing sedimentary and volcanic
layers of rocks upwards into a huge
tube-like structure.
The impact of the meteorite, released an amount of energy equivalent to the simultaneous
detonation of more than 780 000 000 hydrogen bombs and may have led to the formation
of the diamond and gold-bearing reefs in the Free State. This status of the Dome site is
75

currently under review at UNESCO and will, it is hoped, result in its being given full status
as a World Heritage Site.
THABO MOFUTSANYANA (EASTERN FREE STATE)
Thabo Mofutsanyana Tourist Information Centre
Street address: Cnr Mampoi and Mota Road, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866.
Postal address: Private Bag X810, Witsieshoek, Free State, South Africa, 9870.
Tel: +27 (0) 58 713 0012
Fax: +27 (0) 58 7130015
The Eastern Free State is a beautiful region where golden sandstone hills and mountains
dominate the fields of sunflowers, wheat and maize and the orchards of peach trees and
cherries that stretch across its plains. The north-eastern areas, surrounded by the
Drakensberg Mountain Range and nestling in the foothills of the mighty Maluti Mountains
are by far the most mountainous and most scenic. These hills and mountains, magical,
mystical places, were home to early San and Sotho tribes and prehistoric creatures and are
rich in San rock art and fossils.
The skies of the Eastern Free State are imbued with coppery golden hues as the late
afternoon rays of the sun reflect off the fabulous sandstone highlands of the Golden Gate
National Park and its twin, Qwa-Qwa National Park.
In the commercial centre of the region, Bethlehem, several sandstone buildings, a building
style inherent to the Free State, bring the warm hues closer to the earth. Other well-known
towns are Clarens, where trout fishermen often congregate, and Memel, home of an
internationally recognised wetlands site.
76

ARLINGTON
Arlington started off as an important rail link between the towns of Lindley and Senekal, but
it soon became an independent town serving a self-sufficient farming community.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sport: The Piekniekdraai Resort Dam is a popular water sport and
angling venue.
Horse-riding: Horse-riding is a popular pastime and on 16 December each year, a 30-km
horse trip is organised, in which all are welcome to participate.
Hunting: Hunting trips may be undertaken on private farms in the area during the hunting
season.
Rafting: The town holds a day of raft racing on Spoorweg Dam in March every year.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Agricultural tours: If you are interested in life on the farm, take one of the two agricultural
tours on offer in the area. One of these will introduce you to Simmentaler Stud farming and
the other will take you to the Wilton Plough factory in town.
BETHLEHEM
77
This town, set among waving fields of
grain, is the commercial centre of the
Eastern Free State and dates from
1864. The Bethlehem region produces
some 65 per cent of South Africa's
wheat crop. The name, Bethlehem, is
derived from the Hebrew word "Beit
Lechem", which means "House of
Bread". The Jordaan (Jordan) River
flows through the town, and its banks
form part of the Pretoriuskloof Nature
Reserve, a lovely bird sanctuary and
recreational area.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Air ventures: The National Hot Air
Balloon Championships and air shows
are held here annually. Contact the
Tourism Bureau for information about air
flips and hot air balloon trips.
Angling, boating and swimming: Anglers
frequent the three dams in the vicinity:
Gerrand, Saulspoort and Athlone Dams,
as well as the Jordaan River and Loch
Athlone. These are ideal venues for
angling, boating and swimming and the
town also boasts an Olympic size
swimming pool.

Christian festival: The town hosts an annual Christian festival attended by believers from all
over the country.
Cycling: Cycling is a popular pastime in this area and many cyclists participate in the
annual Hoogland Classic Auto Cycle Race that is held here every October.
Golf: The town boasts an immaculate 18-hole golf course.
Hiking: There are several hiking trails in the Bethlehem area such as the Camorhi, Blesbok
and Waterbok Trails and the 2-day, 19-km Wolhuter’s Hiking Trail that traverses the
Wolhuterskop Nature Reserve.
Pony and horse-riding: Wolhuterskop Nature Reserve lies on the road to Fouriesburg and
offers pony and horse-riding trips. A 10-km long horse-riding trail starts at the entrance to
the reserve.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Galleries: There are two art galleries in town. One, the Weathervane Art Gallery, is
situated at 18 Broster Street and the other, Strachan's Art Gallery, is located in the
Metropolitan Centre.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Floating restaurant: The mail ship, Athlone Castle, lies moored along the banks of Loch
Athlone. It is a popular tourist attraction and floating restaurant.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Camorhi Game Ranch: Camorhi Game Ranch, situated about 16 km north of the town,
offers hunting and game watching opportunities. It is renowned for its lions, especially the
scarce white lion, and also offers sightings of the “Big Five” (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion
and rhino).
78

Pretoriuskloof Bird Sanctuary: Enjoy the songs of several different species of birds as you
walk through the Pretoriuskloof Bird Sanctuary on the banks of the Jordaan River. The river
meanders through the town.
Wolhuterskop Nature Reserve: The wide-open spaces of Wolhuterskop Nature Reserve
are ideal for game watching. A popular hiking and horse-riding trail, approximately 10 km in
length, starts at the entrance to this reserve. The reserve boasts large numbers of different
species of antelope, as well as zebra and black wildebeest.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Baartman Wagon House Museum: The Baartman Wagon House Museum displays an
impressive collection of old farming equipment, kitchen utensils and woodcarvings.
Basotho Stone Mound: During the gold rush, it was the custom of the Basotho labourers to
place a stone at a specific spot before going to work. This act, together with a prayer to the
ancestors, was supposed to prevent any ill from befalling them during the day. At night,
they returned with another stone - this time to thank their ancestors for allowing them to
return safely. Eventually, this became quite a sizeable mound of stones.
Battle of Bethlehem Monument: A monument commemorating the Battle of Bethlehem,
which took place between the Boers and the Basotho in 1866 during the Basotho War, can
be seen at the Dutch Reformed "Mother" Church.
Bethlehem Museum: The history of the town is documented with the help of exhibits such
as wagons, furniture, horse carriages, farming implements and an old steam locomotive,
among others. The museum is located in Muller Street.
Nazareth Mission Church: The Church houses a cultural history museum that displays
articles such as local costumes, needlework, furniture, porcelain and antiques.
Ox wagon Monument: Hospital Hill is the site of yet another unique monument, the ox
wagon built out of stone.
Sandstone Hiking Trail: The town is well known for its legacy of fine old sandstone
buildings. Follow the Sandstone Trail to view these lovely old buildings many of which are
now proclaimed National monuments. Look out for the Meisies Seminar, the Wooden
Spoon Restaurant, the Mother Church in Church Street, the Wagon House in Landdros
Street, the Strapp Building, Town Hall and St Augustine’s Anglican Church. An interesting
sandstone gate can be seen at Goble Park.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Agricultural Tours: There are several agricultural tours in the district that open up the world
and the science of agriculture to visitors.
CLARENS
This picturesque little town, “The Jewel of the Free State”, nestles snugly against the
foothills of the sandstone Rooiberge (“Red Mountains”) and is protectively surrounded by
the mighty Maluti Mountains. It was established in 1912 and named after the Swiss town
where President Paul Kruger spent his last days in voluntary exile after the Anglo-Boer
War. Apart from the town’s spectacular location among the mountains, the scenery is
further enhanced by the many trees planted in and around the town. During autumn the
79

sight of the poplar trees in their different shades of red, orange and brown awaits visitors, to
be replaced during spring with shades of white, pink and lime-green, as the many fruit trees
start blossoming and the weeping willows push forth their first tender leaves.
Fly-fishermen, artists and photographers all stream to Clarens for its beauty and
tranquillity. Clarens has recently been acclaimed as having the best maintained fly-fishing
waters for yellow fish, wild rainbow and brown trout in the country. Clarens is also
spectacular horse-riding country and white-water rafters are guaranteed full water
throughout the year. It is also conveniently close to the entrance of the renowned Golden
Gate Highland National Park.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Abseiling: The mountainous areas surrounding the town present many opportunities for
abseiling.
Angling: No angler should leave his rod and tackle at home, with bass angling on offer at
the Kloof Dam and trout and fly-fishing at venues such as the Townlands Dam,
Bergwoning, Craigrossie, De Molen, Groenhoek, Zaaihoek and St Fort.
Hiking: There are many hiking trails that will allow you to enjoy the natural beauty of the
area and its mountains. Several hiking trails traverse the Golden Gate Nature Reserve.
Holiday Farms: There are several holiday farms in the area. Bokpoort Adventure and
Holiday Farm, with its interesting San rock art and nearby battlefield site, is deemed by
many people to be one of the ten best holiday farms in the country.
Horse-riding: Horse-riding trips are offered at Schaapplaats and Bokpoort Adventure and
Holiday Farm where there are three different routes to follow. Horse-riding is also offered
on other privately owned farms in the district and in the Golden Gate Nature Reserve.
Hunting: Hunting trips can be undertaken on Rebellie Game Farm and Bokpoort Game
Ranch.
80

Mountain-biking and 4x4 Routes: Traverse the areas of the Rebellie Nature Reserve,
Bergwoning and Bokpoort Adventure and Holiday Farm where you can choose between
three different trails varying in length from five to 56 km.
River Rafting: Water from the Khatse Dam in Lesotho is pumped through the Trans-
Caledon tunnel into the Asrivier (“Ash River”) at a speed of 54 cubic metres per second.
This causes spectacular rapids, ideal for rafting, to form on the river.
Sport: The town offers bowls, tennis and squash facilities to locals and visitors alike and
also has a neat golf course.
Quad biking: Sethuthuthu Quad Bike Safaris offer bikers numerous biking trails laid out on
several different farms with spectacular vegetation and views.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossil and dinosaur tours: Early species of dinosaurs roamed these plains and hills until
volcanic activity threatened their existence. The information office in Clarens will supply you
with details regarding guided fossil and dinosaur tours.
San Rock Art: An important San rock art site is located at the foot of massive sandstone
outcrops on the farm Schaapplaats, in the Clarens district. This site is famous because it
was once thought that the images depicted Phoenicians, making the art European in origin.
This notion has long been abandoned as researchers pointed out the very obvious
resemblance to San beliefs and other examples of San rock art. The paintings are in a very
good state of preservation, most probably on account of the fact that the shelter is several
metres deep and out of the direct sun. Other San rock art sites can be seen in the
Golden Gate National Park.
81

ART AND CRAFTS
Arts Amble: Join the Arts Amble and meet some of the local artists in their own studios and
galleries.
Art Galleries and Craft Shops: Clarens is famous for its craft shops and for the
approximately 18 art galleries in which the works of renowned South African artists, as well
as those of several lesser known local artists, are exhibited.
Clarens Art Festival: The Clarens Art Festival is held annually in May and many local and
national artists exhibit their work.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Flower farm: Hypericum flowers are cultivated on a farm in the district and exported locally
and to Europe. Guided tours can be undertaken to view the plants, hot houses, cold
storage and sorting areas.
Golden Gate Highlands National Park: This 11 500 ha nature reserve, proclaimed in 1963,
is situated in the foothills of the Maluti Mountain Range. The park’s name is derived from
the dying rays of the setting sun bathing the imposing sandstone formations and the grassy
plains in a golden glow. The park is home to the rare bearded vulture, which has an
impressive wingspan of about 3 m. As far as game is concerned, the visitor will be able to
see relatively large herds of black wildebeest, eland, oribi, mountain reedbuck, rhebuck,
zebra and buffalo. In summer the area is awash with colourful watsonias, fire lilies, red-hot
pokers, arum lilies and many other wild flowers. During autumn the indigenous trees are
clad in shades of red, green and yellow. The reserve offers excellent accommodation in the
form of bungalows, cottages and camping areas. Horse-riding is a popular activity and
there are many different walking and hiking trails in the reserve.
Scenic view point: Ash River Outfall is one of the Highlands Water Scheme’s view points on
the Bethlehem Road, approximately eight km from Clarens. Take time to stop off here for
spectacular views of the surrounding area!
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Basotho War: Five men belonging to Paul Kruger's Transvaal Commando were killed near
the town during the Basotho War of 1866. A monument in their memory stands in the
central square of the town.
Surrender Hill Battlefield: Historic Surrender Hill, an Anglo-Boer War site, is situated 10 km
from Clarens on the Fouriesburg Road. This is the spot where 4 000 Boers surrendered to
the British. Local folklore has it that the grass at the site where the Boers were disarmed
and their weapons burnt, still refuses to grow to this day.
Clarens Museum: The museum documents the history of the area and is housed in the
Information Centre.
Historic Buildings: There are many historic corrugated iron and sandstone buildings in the
town. The Dutch Reformed Churches, the Rectory in Hoof Street and Lake Clarens Guest
House are fine examples of typical sandstone buildings.
Kruger Memorial Hall: The Kruger Memorial Hall honours Paul Kruger, the much admired
President of the small Boer Transvaal Republic that took on the mighty British Empire
during the Anglo-Boer War.
82

NATURAL WONDERS
Mushroom Rock: This interesting rock formation can be seen 3 km from the town on the
Fouriesburg Road.
Titanic Rock: The rock overlooking the entrance to Clarens resembles the hull of a ship and
was dubbed the “Titanic” because Clarens and the Titanic were both in the news in 1912!
CLOCOLAN
This area, overshadowed by the 1 820 m high Hlohlowane Mountain, was first named
Hlohlowane – “Ridge of the Battle” – by its Basotho inhabitants but, when they were driven
out of the area in the early 1800s, the new inhabitants mispronounced the name, and it
became Clocolan. The town is located in an area renowned for its fields of sunflowers, their
huge heads diligently following the path of the sun during early autumn when they are in
bloom. During spring the area is transformed into a sea of pink as the cherry trees start
blossoming.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and canoeing: Angling and canoeing opportunities abound in the many dams in the
vicinity, such as Stasie, Moperi, Lucretia and Steunmekaar Dams.
4x4 routes: The area around town has several 4x4 vehicle trails.
Hiking: Many of the hiking trails start at the Evening Star, an old restored mission building.
Holiday farms: There are various holiday farms in the district such as Breëkopskloof
Holiday Farm.
83

Sport: The town has facilities for rugby, cricket, squash, tennis and bowls. It also boasts its
own golf course and an oval athletics track.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: San rock art can be seen on De Hoek farm in the district.
ART AND CRAFTS
Lethotheng Weavers: Visitors may buy articles from local weavers at Lethotheng Weavers
and also observe them at their weaving activities.
Makoadi Rabbit Farm: Weavers using angora rabbit fur display their handiwork at Makoadi
Rabbit Farm.
Pottery: Buy locally made pottery on the farm Evening Star.
CUISINE
Cherry Wine: If you are in town during spring, be sure to visit a cherry wine cellar. An
opportunity to buy cherry wine and liqueur does not present itself every day.
Asparagus factory: Learn more about the history of this important local crop at Deemster’s
Asparagus Factory.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Arum Lily Farm: Visit Umpukane Flora where the lovely white, pink-throated and evergreen
group of arum lilies, as well as the beautiful Lisianthus, are cultivated and exported.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Old Mission Building: The old monastery and chapel built at the turn of the century on the
farm Evening Star has been fully restored. The farm also offers Bed and Breakfast
accommodation.
Stone Fort: The stone fort, 25 km from the town, was used by the British during the Anglo-
Boer War.
OTHER
ATTRACTIONS
Agricultural tours:
Agricultural tours of
the farms in the
district are available
on request. The
town also holds an
veteran tractor
show every March.
84

CORNELIA
This small rural town was founded in 1875 and named after Cornelia, the wife of a former
president of the Free State, Francis Reitz. The town is renowned throughout the Free State
Province for its archaeological significance and its rich fossil sites.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossil Site: One of the most significant fossil sites in the Free State lies on the farm Uitzoek
about 10 km out of town on the banks of the Schoonspruit. The owner of the farm had been
aware of the fossils since boyhood but only realised their significance when Dr ECN van
Hoepen of the National Museum in Bloemfontein inspected the site. The Museum then
undertook large-scale excavations and many valuable fossils of extinct species of antelope,
a giant buffalo, an extinct sub-species of hippo, four new species of horses and of a
donkey-sized pig, as well as many stone-age tools, were discovered. Contact the
Municipality if you wish to visit the site.
FICKSBURG
Ficksburg is a beautiful town situated on the west bank of the Caledon River at the foot of
Imperani Mountain. The earliest inhabitants of the Ficksburg area were San huntergatherers,
followed by the Tlokwa people. The Reverend James Allison, a Methodist
Missionary, was the first European to settle in the area in 1834, closely followed by a Mr
Moolman, one of the first Voortrekkers to start farming in the area. However, when the town
was established in 1867 it was named after General Johan Fick who had led the Boers in a
skirmish against the Basotho during one of the Basotho Wars. It is the only town in South
Africa in which a border post (with neighbouring Lesotho) is part of the town. Ficksburg is
situated in a model stock, dairy and crop farming area where maize, wheat, deciduous fruit
and asparagus are cultivated. In South Africa, the words Ficksburg and cherries have
85

ecome synonymous - it is the largest cherry producing area in the country. Spectacular
cherry orchards surround the town and the annual Cherry Festival is an experience not to
be missed. The Ficksburg area is also renowned for its sandstone formations: stone
quarried here was used to build the Union Building in Pretoria.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Adventure sport: Abseiling and rock climbing, mountain-biking and even ox wagon rides are
available in the town and surrounding district. Adventure youth camps are offered to
school-going children on the farm Moolmanshoek and in Hoekfontein Nature Reserve.
Air ventures: Aerial flips over the Maluti Mountains and Khatse Dam can be arranged.
However advance booking is essential.
4x4 trails: Try the four 4x4 trails at Visierskloof, a private game reserve in the Ficksburg
area. Accommodation for 24 people is available at the Langesnek Camp for those who
wish to extend their stay. Also try out the off-road route at Imperani Nature Reserve, 5 km
from Ficksburg.
Golf: The town has an excellent 18-hole golf course.
Hiking: The ideal way to explore Ficksburg and its surroundings is via the several hiking
trails in the area. The Porcupine Nature Trail stretches over 26 km and includes an
overnight stay on one of the farms in the area. The 23 km Imperani Trail takes
approximately 7 hours to complete, but may be lingered over for longer. This trail takes the
hiker past the impressive Imperani Mountain and takes in some San rock art sites on the
way.
Horse trails: Many of the privately owned farms have horse trails, such as the 29 km
Franshoek Mountain trail, where riders can overnight in a cave. Franshoek is situated
approximately 25 km north of Ficksburg on the Fouriesburg Road. Contact African
Hoofbeats for horse-riding excursions in and around Ficksburg.
Meulspruit Dam Resort: The resort is situated some 5 km from Ficksburg and has camping
and caravan facilities.
Polo: The local club has two provincial polo fields and Franshoek Mountain Lodge boasts a
polo school.
Sport: The town’s sports complex has several tennis courts, two floodlit rugby fields, a
hockey field, an athletic track, two cricket pitches, netball, badminton and squash courts, a
swimming pool and a shooting range. There are two bowling greens on the slopes of
Imperani Mountain.
Water sport: Meulspruit Dam is an ideal spot for angling, power-boating and water sports,
such as skiing and windsurfing.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Late Iron Age Sites: The farm Hoekfontein in the vicinity has some Late Iron Age sites.
These stone-walled settlements of early Sotho-Tswana speaking farmers are well
preserved and date back to the time of the Difiqane or “Crushing” when most of the tribes in
the interior were shattered or dispersed by Shaka and his Zulu armies.
San Rock Art: San rock art can be found at different sites in the vicinity of Ficksburg, for
example on the farms Moolmanshoek, Hoekfontein and Boschfontein.
86

ART AND CRAFTS
Art galleries and Art Collections: Visit the Eikelaan Gallery in Eike Avenue and Highlands
Arts and Crafts in Voortrekker Street. The SH Pellissier Art Gallery at the local Primary
School houses a large collection of paintings by renowned South African artists and is
noted for its Pierneef frieze. Visits to the Gallery are by appointment only.
Mohair Weavers: The Wormwood and Honey Mohair Weavers invite visitors to visit and
observe the process of sorting, combing, spinning and dying raw mohair before weaving it
into wall hangings or mats. Orders can be placed and buyers can choose their own designs
and colours.
Proudly Ficksburg Curios and Tourist Centre: Buy unique hand-made products from the
Ficksburg area such as sandstone sculptures, mohair rugs and tasty cherry and asparagus
eats.
CUISINE
Cherry Festival: The annual Cherry Festival, the longest-running agricultural festival in
South Africa, has been held in Ficksburg for some 60 years. The cherry season runs from
about the last half of October to the end of November and the festival is normally held in
the third week of November. The festivities include various Cherry and Asparagus Tours,
cruises on Meulspruit Dam, a golf classic, a half marathon road race, equestrian events
and many other interesting events, such as live demonstrations of cherry “mampoer”
(moonshine) distilling and baking competitions. The food and wine festival introduces
visitors to locally made cherry wine and liqueurs and other wonderful dishes using local
produce such as cherries, asparagus, deciduous fruit and goats’ milk cheese, to name but
a few. Whiskey-tasting, a beer festival and a cooking workshop will keep the gastric juices
flowing.
87

Cherry and Asparagus Tours: “Taste and See” tours can be undertaken to Deemster, the
oldest asparagus farm in South Africa, from September to December, and to Paspalm
Farm, where demonstrations on the cultivation and production of asparagus are given.
Taste and see how cherries are cultivated and jams, liqueurs and cherry wines are
produced at Iona, the largest cherry farm in Africa, from October to November. Other cherry
farms that may be visited include Ben Nevis and Loskop Cherry farms. Advance booking
for these tours is essential. You can also visit the Glacè Cherry factory and GP Asparagus
Factory in Ficksburg.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Dam Leisure Tours: Spoil yourself with a leisurely cruise around Meulspruit Dam on the
“White Mischief”, Africa’s only floating cigar bar! View the game in Thaba Imperani Game
Reserve from the deck.
Khatse Dam Wall Tour: Guided tours can be undertaken to the Khatse Dam Wall in
Lesotho, with its breathtaking views of Lesotho and the surrounding area. The Khatse Dam
wall is considered to be one of the highest in Africa.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Cherry Trees: Visit Braamhoek, 15 km south of the town on the Clocolan Road to see how
cherry trees and other fruit trees are grown. An added bonus is the magnificent gardens on
the estate.
Game-viewing: There are several private game and holiday farms in the vicinity, where
white rhino, hippo and other large animals may be viewed either from comfortable hides or
during game drives. These include Thaba Imperani Game Reserve with its unique location
– bordering Meulspruit Dam; Thaba Thabo, a local hunting lodge, renowned for its scenic
setting, 22 km from Ficksburg, offering rustic accommodation and bird- and game-watching
opportunities, and Tempelhof, a privately owned game farm 15 km from Ficksburg on the
Rosendal Road.
Hoekfontein Nature Reserve: This private nature reserve not only offers game- and birdwatching
opportunities but also boasts a unique ox wagon camping site that allows visitors
to experience life in the times of the “Voortrekkers by sleeping in an ox wagon, eating
traditional “Boerekos” (food prepared in Boer fashion), going on an ox wagon game-viewing
excursion in an area where San rock art and a Late Iron Age archaeological site can be
viewed and learning to play traditional games and “boeresport” such as “jukskei”.
Kenyana Game farm: The farm is only 3 km from the town and has the only pair of
breeding rhino in the area. Visits are by appointment only.
Mpharane Nature Reserve: The reserve was named after the nearby Mpharane Mountain
and was formerly a mission station. Missionaries planted willow cuttings taken from
Napoleon Bonaparte’s grave on the island of St. Helena on this property. The cuttings grew
into a profusion of willow trees and the reserve doubles as a forestry station. Mpharane is
ideal for game-viewing and visitors are sure to spot many different species of antelope,
such as eland, hartebeest, kudu and springbuck, as well as zebra.
88

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
All Saints Anglican Church: This church, dating back to 1891, is noteworthy for its beautiful
stained glass windows, which were created by Helen Tennent, a talented local artist. The
windows depict the natural fauna and flora of the Free State in blazing colours.
Fick Memorial: General Fick and his wife lie buried at the foot of the Fick Memorial.
Ficksburg’s Old Cemetery: The cemetery holds the graves of several British and Boer
soldiers who died during the Anglo-Boer War as well as the graves of three Frenchmen
who fought on the Boer side. However, the two most notorious graves belong to two men
who were convicted of spying during the war and who both died maintaining their
innocence. One of the men, Arthur Pond, was buried with his tombstone facing the wrong
way and, even though his innocence was proved 15 years later, the alignment of his
tombstone remains unchanged.
Ficksburg Jail: The first president of the Republic of South Africa, President CR Swart, was
once incarcerated in Ficksburg Jail. He was imprisoned in 1914 on suspicion of having
aided and abetted the Boer republican rebels of General Christiaan de Wet and released
the day before he was to have been executed. The jail is in Brand Street.
Ficksburg Museum: The museum depicts the history of the town and gives an overview of
the town’s cherry industry.
89

Firearm Museum: The Pinedene Small Arms Museum is located on the farm Kromdraai, 22
km north of Ficksburg on the Fouriesburg Road. A collection of antique military weapons,
such as matchlock, flintlock and bolt action rifles, are some of the weapons on display.
Sandstone Buildings: The town has its share of historical old sandstone buildings, such as
the Reformed Church, Methodist Church (1896), Old Magistrate’s Court, Old Post Office
and Town Hall (1897). Of special interest is the impressive old sandstone Dutch Reformed
Church that was built to the design of Dr JD Kestell, who served as minister of the church
from 1903 to 1912. The tallest sandstone building in the area, an old mill, can be seen at
Gumtree between Ficksburg and Clocolan. The Sandstone Way Tour takes visitors to all
these and other sandstone buildings in the town.
Steam Train Collection: A large collection of privately owned steam locomotives and rolling
stock is kept at Sandstone Estates, north-east of the town. The farm also boasts a large
collection of vintage tractors and other farming equipment.
Tunnon Museum: This museum, on the farm Tunnon, displays a collection of carriages and
wagons.
NATURAL WONDERS
Mount Mautse: Since the early 1970s the caves at Mount Mautse have been a place where
fervent prayers are offered to both God and the ancestors. Many African people come here
to pray and partake in a combination of Christian and traditional African religious practices.
The site is very important to the Basotho people who believe that the ancestral spirits find
their final resting place here in the mountains.
90

Some of the caves contain statues of Mary and Jesus and others are used by traditional
healers. Visitors are welcome, but are requested to show the necessary reverence.
FOURIESBURG
Fouriesburg was established in 1892 on land donated to the Orange Free State
Government by one “Rooi” Stoffel Fourie. During the Anglo-Boer War the town was the
seat of the Orange Free State Government for a few months. The modest house in which
President Steyn lived during this period can still be seen. The town’s inhabitants have
spectacular views of the often snow-clad Maluti Mountains and the surrounding sandstone
hills. In October each year Fouriesburg hosts an Asparagus Festival and Agricultural Show,
followed in November by a Rose Show.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: There are several trout and bass angling dams in the area.
Camelroc Guest Farm: Wild flowers and birds abound on this holiday farm with its selfcontained
chalets and entertainment area. There are also hiking and 4x4x trails to explore.
4x4 routes: 4x4 Safaris are the ideal way to explore the countryside. There are several
routes to choose from.
Hiking and biking: The Fouriesburg area is ideal for hiking and biking and there are many
trails in and around the town. The five-day, 65-km Brandwater Hiking Trail passes through
magnificent sandstone formations and offers overnight shelter in caves. One of these
91

caves, Salpeterkrans, is reputed to be the biggest sandstone cave in the southern
hemisphere.
Horse-riding: Horse-riding is a popular pastime and there are many opportunities for this in
the area.
Hunting: Hunting trips can be organised on some of the private game farms in the area.
Pumula Guest Farm: Two luxury self-catering chalets with lovely views and a clubhouse
with swimming pool, steam bath and jacuzzi are available on this “working” farm. Horseriding
options exist. Aromatherapy sessions are available but must be booked in advance.
Road running: The Surrender Hill Marathon, a qualifying race for the Comrades Marathon,
is held here every year.
Wyndford Holiday farm: This farm, on the banks of the Little Caledon River, is regarded as
one of the ten best holiday farms in the country. Although the farm exudes a sense of
tranquillity, there are many adventure sport activities, such as horse-riding and hiking
through the scenic Eastern Highlands of the Free State for the more adventurous.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Crafts: Gallery Cafè in Steyn Street sells original artwork and South African crafts in
a gallery-cum-coffee shop/restaurant. New works by local artists, such as John Crowley
and Denise Hill, are regularly exhibited here.
Pottery Studio and Gallery: Visit the Linda Wilson Pottery Studio and Gallery in Noorder
Street for terracotta and stoneware items, tiles and wall plaques
92

FAUNA AND FLORA
Bergdeel Private Nature Reserve: Bergdeel Private Nature Reserve lies midway between
Bethlehem and Fouriesburg. The Witteberg, Rooiberg and Maluti Mountain Ranges form
the backdrop to this small reserve. Several walking trails lead to the higher-lying areas and
indigenous forests. Game that may be spotted in the reserve include several species of
indigenous antelope as well as several species of exotic antelope. Accommodation is
available in the form of two-bedroomed, self-catering lodges.
Meiringskloof Nature Reserve: Meiringskloof Nature Reserve is particularly popular among
birdwatchers but mammals such as blesbok and other smaller antelope can also be seen.
The reserve has various hiking trails mapped out, such as the Brandwater Trail (five days)
and the Ventersberg Trail (two days). The Rooiberg Mountains with their many caves and
the gently meandering Meiringspoort stream dominate the surrounding landscape and add
to the natural scenic beauty of the reserve. Overnight accommodation is available in the
reserve.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Church: The stately old Dutch Reformed Church, erected in 1894, marks
the spot where Paul Kruger and his men camped during one of the Basotho Wars.
President Steyn House: Visit the modest home of a former president of the Orange Free
State, President Marthinus Steyn.
Sandstone Museum: The historic exhibits at the Sandstone Museum, in Robertson Street,
depict the origins and past of the town.
Surrender Hill Battlefield: The site of The Battle of Surrender Hill, where more than 4 000
Boers were forced to surrender to the British during the Anglo-Boer War, is in the vicinity of
the town.
93

NATURAL WONDERS
Holkrans Cave: The uninhabited Holkrans Cave in the Meiringskloof Nature Reserve
offered shelter to the entire population of women and children of Fouriesburg during the
Anglo-Boer War. They hid in the cave until the war was over. The cave has an enormous
overhang and the entrance is not easily detected. Legend has it that the British soldiers
often heard the women and children's voices in the hills but that they could not detect
where the sound came from.
Salpeterkrans: Salpeterkrans is the largest sandstone overhang in the southern
hemisphere. Wind erosion carved out this magnificent formation, called the Fertility Cave.
The cave has been in use since the earliest times, first by the San, then by the local
Basotho and other African people. Traditional healers used the cave as a place to conduct
their ancient spiritual rites. The mouth of the overhang is protected by a pile of fallen rocks
and can easily be missed. Upon entering the cave, it is the accepted custom to light a
candle to the ancestors. Next follows a walk in a clockwise direction while you leave all bad
thoughts behind. To this day, many healers in training come to the cave to undergo their
training. Visitors are welcome.
Sandstone formation: A unique sandstone formation in the Rooiberge resembles the
silhouette of Queen Victoria.
HARRISMITH (Including Swinburn and Van Reenen)
Harrismith lies on the banks of the Wilge River at the foot of the nine-km long, 2 394-m high
Platberg Mountain. The town is strategically situated on National Road N3, midway
between Johannesburg in Gauteng and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. Established in 1849 and
named after Sir Harry Smith, the then Governor of the Cape Colony, the town was used as
a major base by the British during the Anglo-Boer War. The town also has strong historical
ties with the early Voortrekkers, for it was in this area that Piet Retief, a Voortrekker leader,
negotiated with the Zulu King Dingane for land. Retief and his men were led into ambush
94

and killed. Today, Harrismith forms the gateway to the Drakensberg Mountain Range and
the nearby Sterkfontein Dam with its extended nature conservation area. In addition, stock
and crop farming flourishes on the grassy, rolling plains with their plentiful rivers and
streams. Recent additions to the many crops produced in the area include apples, berries
and flowers.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: The many streams and rivers in the area and Sterkfontein Dam offer superb
angling and fly-fishing opportunities. The Maluti Fly-fishing Club holds trout and yellowfish
angling competitions every June.
Golf: Harrismith's magnificent 18-hole golf course is the third oldest in South Africa. The
Platberg Golf Classic is played here every March.
Hiking and biking: There are several hiking and biking trails in and around town and on
private land, guest farms and game reserves in the area. Several of the hiking trails pass
through the Drakensberg Botanical Gardens.
Hunting: Platkop Game Reserve and several private concerns offer extensive hunting
packages.
Polo and horse-riding: Harrismith is "horse country" and, apart from the polo played by
locals, visitors can enquire about horse-riding opportunities at Kliphuis Guest Farm. The
town hosts a gymkhana, coupled with horse-rides and “boeresport”, every April and polo
tournaments in May and September.
Road running: The Platberg Mountain Marathon is run annually in October and has an
interesting story attached to it. After a British schoolteacher angered townsfolk during the
Anglo-Boer War by referring to the mountain (Platberg) as “that small hill of yours”, he was
challenged to see whether he could run up and down the mountain in less than an hour. He
managed it - but only just - and that was the start of a tradition that has continued to this
day. The race has recently been expanded to include the Berg Bohaai, Harrismith’s own
festival of sport, music, art and crafts. The 25-km Sterkfontein Dam Race takes place in
May.
Sport: The town has facilities for bowls, squash, soccer, badminton, rugby and tennis. The
Prince Arthur Men’s Fours tennis tournament is held in October.
Water sport: Sterkfontein Dam is an ideal venue for water sport enthusiasts. Every
February a 1 500-m swimming and catamaran race is held at the dam. The surrounding
nature reserve offers accommodation to those who would like to extend their pleasurable
visit.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and Crafts: Art and crafts may be bought at Marqwa House in McKechnie Street where
distinctive Southern African curios are for sale; at Thelmi's Studio in Warden Street and at
Qwa-Qwa Weavers.
Art gallery: The Le Art Gallery is situated next to Marqwa House.
De Oude Huize: Visit this lovely renovated old house to purchase beautiful handcrafted
journals adorned with beadwork, ostrich egg buttons, feathers and porcupine quills, as well
as Lisianthus flowers and lavender. Visits are by appointment only!
95

CULTURAL/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Township Tours: Guided day-tours and overnight stays in the Intabazwe Township are
popular among those who would like to experience life in an African township. Obtain the
services of experienced guides first, since they best know the places that are worth
visiting.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Clifford Estates Health and Wellness Manor: The manor is situated just outside town and
offers weary city dwellers tranquil surroundings, beautiful gardens and all manner of beauty
and health therapies in the confines of lovely old sandstone buildings.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Bird-watching: Bird-watchers can make use of the facilities at Plover's Burrow.
Drakensberg Botanical Gardens: The Drakensberg Botanical Gardens, on the lower slopes
of Platberg Mountain is noted for its wide variety of indigenous flora. The wild flowers in the
Gardens represent about 20 per cent of the Drakensberg flora. The Gardens are very
attractive during the flowering season, which stretches from September to April. They also
boast a historical attraction – an old blockhouse built during the Anglo-Boer War to protect
the town’s water supply. Two dams within the boundaries of the Gardens supply the town
with water.
Platberg Nature Reserve: This reserve is privately managed and includes game-watching,
hiking, biking, climbing and abseiling opportunities. Most of the game originally found in this
area has been reintroduced to the reserve.
President Brand Park: This lovely park, on the banks of the Wilge River, is an ideal spot for
picnics and also has a bird sanctuary and caravan park.
96

Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve: The 18 000-ha Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve lies
approximately 23 km from Harrismith on the Harrismith-Bergville Road. The Drakensberg
Mountains, with their intricate rock formations and bushy slopes, form a spectacular
backdrop to the blue waters of Sterkfontein Dam, renowned for its water sport and angling
opportunities, especially yellowfish angling. The reserve that surrounds the dam is famous
for its vulture restaurant, a successful Mazda Wildlife project to save the Cape Griffon.
Since the reserve has started “serving” carcasses at the restaurant, in other words, by
leaving them outside for the vultures to feed on, the numbers of Griffon have grown from a
mere three or four to a record 340 at one sighting. Other birds found in the reserve include
ibis, korhaan, ground woodpecker and sentinel. Eleven species of game, such as
wildebeest, reedbuck and oribi, also inhabit the reserve. At dusk, bats fly around the rocky
slopes and marshes. Accommodation consists of chalets, camping sites and a caravan
park. The northern part of the reserve consists of grassy slopes, but tree fern, yellow wood,
silky bark, wild peach, cocoa tree, bush guarri and protea abound in the gorges of the
southern regions. The wild grape twines into treetops to form a dense leafy canopy that
protects the mosses and ferns on the forest floor, as well as the fungi and lichen that grow
on the tree trunks. Other adventure tourism possibilities include paragliding and mountainbiking.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Community Museum: The community museum is housed in the Market Hall at the rear of
the Town Hall.
Deborah Retief Memorial Garden: The Deborah Retief Memorial Garden, in the centre of
town, honours those who fought and died during the Anglo-Boer War and the First World
War and contains several war memorials. A 27-m, 250 million-year-old fossilised tree trunk
is close by and a hitching post, water pump, a red Orange River Colony post box and naval
guns dating back to the Basotho Wars can also be seen in the Gardens.
Historic buildings: The oldest home in Harrismith is in 78 Warden Street. British
architectural influence is still discernible in the many old churches and other old buildings in
the town.
Llandaff Oratory: The Llandaff Oratory, at Van Reenen, was built to honour Llandaff
Matthew, a man who laid down his own life to help save others during a coalmine disaster.
The petite little oratory can only seat eight people. It has been declared a National
monument and is well worth a stopover and a cup of tea — there is a charming gift
shop/cum tea garden close by.
Retief’s Stone: Kerkenberg marks the spot where the Voortrekkers camped and waited
while their leader, Piet Retief, conducted negotiations with the Zulu king, Dingane. On Piet
Retief’s birthday his daughter Deborah painted his name and date of birth on a stone,
which is now known as Retief’s Stone, and can still be seen. She was still under the
impression that the negotiations were going well. Tragically, Retief and his men had walked
into an ambush and were slaughtered by the Zulus. An authentic replica of the words that
Deborah painted on the rock can be seen at the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria where it
has been immortalised in a frieze that depicts this incident.
Swinburne Bridge, the second oldest bridge in the Free State, was officially opened to
traffic in 1884. It has since been declared a National monument
Town Hall: The graceful sandstone and brick Town Hall, built in 1907, has been declared a
National monument.
97

KESTELL
The Reverend JD Kestell, a well-known churchman of the time, founded this small town in
1905. Although Kestell was the son of an 1820 British settler he identified himself
completely with the faith and the people of his Afrikaans mother. He became a prominent
figure in Afrikaans-speaking church, educational and cultural circles and one of only three
people afforded the honour of being buried at the foot of the National Women's Monument
at Bloemfontein. Both Boers and British admired him for his bravery during the Battle of
Wagon Hill, when he ministered to both his own and British soldiers while under heavy fire.
The town is situated in the foothills of the Rooiberge, a very scenic part of the Free State
that offers spectacular views of the Drakensberg and Maluti Mountains.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Hunting is allowed on private farms in the district.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Insect and fossil collection: This interesting privately owned collection of fossils and insects
belonged to Dr Astrid Jenkielson, an entomologist and resident of the town. The collection
can only be viewed by prior appointment.
San Rock Art and Archaeological Sites: There are several noteworthy archaeological sites
at Lemoenhoek, as well as several San rock art sites at Rooikrans.
98

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Groenkop Battlefield: The Groenkop Battlefield Site, several km north of the town, was the
site of a Christmas Day surprise attack on the British by General Christiaan de Wet. Boer
and British Monuments have been erected at the battle site.
Dutch Reformed Church: The Dutch Reformed Church is a lovely sandstone building,
complete with spire and pillared portico. It is the second largest sandstone church in the
Free State and can seat 1 000 people. Gerhard Moerdyk, the architect of the Voortrekker
Monument in Pretoria, designed this church.
Historic Oak Tree: An oak tree planted in 1837 by the Voortrekker leader, Piet Retief, when
he passed this way, later became known as the tree of “samekoms” (gathering) because
people from the district gathered here for church services before the establishment of the
town and the building of the church. The huge old oak tree still stands and can be found at
the foot of a hill, near an impressive sandstone mansion.
Retief Museum: The Retief Museum, located in the Retief Book Shop, houses Retief and
Voortrekker memorabilia, an interesting collection of German medicine bottles and
medicines often found in Boer women’s medicine chests.
Sandstone Route: Follow the Sandstone Route to view the town’s 30 sandstone buildings.
Voortrekker Grave: The grave of the Voortrekker leader, Paul Maré, lies east of the town,
just off the Bethlehem Road.
LINDLEY
This small town on the banks of the Vals River, named after the missionary David Lindley,
was founded in 1875. A weir built across the river has created a five-km stretch of fairly
99

deep water that is ideal for angling, boating and swimming and the lovely camping and
picnic spots set out on the willow-lined banks of the river add to the charm of the town.
Dairy farms abound in this area and the town has a powdered milk factory. Lindley also lies
in both the Maize Triangle and the Sunflower Belt.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
4x4 routes: Come and test your vehicle’s manoeuvrability at the renowned Lindley Wildekat
Slote.
Rugby: The Danie Craven Rugby Day is hosted in town annually by the Lindley Rugby Club
to commemorate the doyen of South African rugby, Danie Craven. Craven was born and
bred in the Lindley district where he first started playing rugby. He left town to study at
Stellenbosch University and later became a Springbok rugby player and subsequently
Chairman of the World Rugby Association.
Sport: The town offers facilities for netball, rugby, swimming and horse-riding. There is also
a pistol, pigeon and birdwatching club.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossils and San Rock Art: Grootkrans Game Farm not only has fossilised tree trunks, but
also some San rock paintings.
Prehistoric ruins: The remains of prehistoric stone huts can be found at several locations in
the district. Those who are interested in anthropology will find a visit to the Le Ghoya ruins,
which date back to the fourteenth century, of special interest.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Curios, Arts and Crafts: Visit Minnie Marais at 13 Cilliers Street for beadwork items,
jewellery and ostrich egg art and the Ladies Home Industry shop in Jooste Street for handmade
knitting, needlework and pottery items and delicious eats.
October festival: A typical country fair is held in the town in October and the exciting 4x4
race held on the same day is one of the major events and draw-cards of the day’s festivities
Recreational Resorts: The Vals River and Piekniekdraai Dam Resorts are ideal for angling
and water sports. The Lindley Caravan Park has camping and caravan stands, as well as
the necessary ablution blocks.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Game-viewing, hunting and birdwatching: Magdalena, Vaalhoek and Grootkrans farms
offer both game viewing and hunting. Birdlife is prolific in this area and more than 252
different types of birds have been identified.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Battlefield site and cemetery memorial: The British Memorial in the town cemetery was
erected to commemorate the 443 members of the Yeomanry Regiment who were killed
here in May 1900. At Lindley/Yeomanry Hill Battlefield the Boer forces, despite being
inferior in number, managed to overpower a much larger British regiment, which
surrendered without the consent of its commanding officer.
Historic buildings: The Town Hall, Post Office, stately Dutch Reformed church and
Methodist Church are all examples of typical sandstone buildings of the previous era.
100

Miniature church: The miniature sandstone church was built as a replica of the Dutch
Reformed Church that was burnt down during the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. It was
erected in 1928 to honour the Boers of the area who died during that war.
MARQUARD
Farmers living east of Winburg tried unsuccessfully to establish a town in the prosperous
Marquard area and only succeeded in their efforts with the help of the Minister of the Dutch
Reformed Church, the Reverend JJ Marquard. The town was eventually established
in 1905 and named after the Reverend. Marquard is situated on Road R708
between Winburg and Senekal and is regarded as the gateway to the Eastern Free State.
The town and surrounding district is an eco-tourism, hiking and mountain biking Mecca.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Abseiling and rock climbing: Korannaberg Mountain offers many opportunities for abseiling
and rock climbing. Experienced instructors are at hand to take you through the moves.
Angling: There are many opportunities to fish in this area with its many natural and manmade
dams.
4x4 routes: The Korannaberg/Merrimetsi 4x4 Trail in the Korannaberg Conservancy is
approximately 20 km long and can take up to seven hours to complete. It offers
breathtaking views of the mountain scenery and has various obstacles.
Hiking: The Koranna/Merrimetsi Hiking Trails in the 7-000 ha Korannaberg Conservancy
vary in difficulty and length. The Koranna is a two-day backpacking trail with an overnight
stay in either a magnificent cave or a thatch-roofed hut. You can also visit Magul se Gat
(“Magul’s Hole”), high up in the Korannaberg Mountain. Magul, a local bandit, and his gang
used to hide out in this cave after attacking the farmers in the low-lying areas. Finally, in
desperation, the farmers drilled holes into the top of the cave to blast the gang out with
dynamite. However, when the smoke cleared, there was no sign of the bandits. They had
escaped through another entrance! The Merrimetsi Trail consists of three, colour-coded,
day hikes: the 10-km (blue) route that passes more than 40 different types of trees,
approximately 100 of which are tagged; the six-km (yellow) “pincushion/crow’s foot” route,
101

enowned for the presence of these plants, that are only found in three places on this vast
mountain, and the 10-km (green) route. There is also ample opportunity to view San rock
art along these routes. There are various other hiking trails in this area such as the one-day
Christmaskrans Trail on the Holland farm, the Banke Conservancy Trail, the Belvedere
Nature Reserve Trail and the 23-km Kameelkop Trail.
Mountain Biking: The area has a number of mountain biking trails with excellent signage,
such as the Koranna/Merrimetsi Biking Trails and the Flora MTB Trail. The Koranna Two
Mountains Mountain Biking Classic, through the Belvedere Game Resort and up and down
the mountainous terrain in the area, is a well-known annual event on mountain bikers’
calendars. The Flora Trail is used during this event as the Fun Riders and Challenging
Riders’ trail. The Korannaberg Concervancy area is regarded as one of the ten best
mountain biking areas in the country.
Polo: The Sparta Polo Club is well known throughout the South African Polo fraternity for its
excellent fields and facilities.
Sport: The town has facilities for soccer, rugby, squash, badminton, bowls, tennis, darts
and “jukskei” (a traditional Afrikaans sport).
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: There are many fine examples of San rock art in the caves and mountains in
this area.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Belvedere Nature Reserve: The reserve is situated in hilly terrain near the Korannaberg
Mountain Range. It houses some 16 species of game and many birds. Accommodation in
the reserve consists of two sandstone huts and a unique, thatch-roofed hut built
on stilts, almost in the middle of a large dam. Angling, canoeing and boating (inflatable
boats) are allowed on the dam.
Korannaberg Conservancy: This conservancy of some 16 000-ha is situated between the
towns of Marquard, Clocolan and Excelsior and includes the majestic Korannaberg
Mountain Range. Apart from the peace and quiet and spectacular mountain scenery, many
species of game and birds can be observed. Several walking, hiking, mountain biking and
4x4 routes have been established in the conservancy. Merrimetsi Lodge, a lovely, restored
1886 sandstone dwelling, offers superb accommodation for up to ten people.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Church: The Dutch Reformed Church, designed by the famous South
African architects Louw and Moerdyk in 1929, is a good example of a typical Free State
sandstone church.
Voortrekker Memorial: In 1938, during the Ox Wagon Trek Centennial, every resident of the
town carried a rock to the Dutch Reformed Church to create the memorial that stands there
to this day. A message buried in the memorial will be excavated in the year 2038.
NATURAL WONDERS
Christmaskrans Caves: There is a particularly poignant story attached to these caves,
which are situated on a farm in the area. According to legend three Boer women and their
eleven children hid from the British in these caves during the Anglo-Boer War. On
Christmas Day the women brewed some coffee and an English regiment encamped below
the cave saw the smoke from their fire and promptly transported them to the nearest
concentration camp.
102

OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Sparta Beef: The Sparta Beef feedlot operation is the largest of its kind in the Free State
and has between 38 000 and 42 000 head of cattle in its feedlot and several thousand
calves on the Sparta farm. Visitors are welcome, but only by prior appointment.
Azar Estates Farm Tours: The farm tours, which can be arranged by appointment only, are
customised according to the season and activities currently taking place on the farm. True
“Boere” refreshments and lunch are included in the tour.
MEMEL
This pristine little town lies close to the edge of the Central Plains in a basin that is so well
watered that the grass sometimes grows as tall as a man’s head. The name of the town
means “surrounded by waters” in the now extinct Prussian language and refers to the
spectacular, internationally recognised RAMSAR wetlands area along the Klip River that is
also a prime birdwatching area. Memel is also known for its lovely, natural scenery,
consisting of undulating grasslands to the north and the Drakensberg escarpment and
mountains to the east and south. The Boer General, Christiaan de Wet, once owned a farm
in the district.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Adventure sport and angling: Mountain biking, canoeing and angling, particularly fly-fishing
opportunities, are offered in and around the town.
Caravan Park: The Dumela Private Caravan Park offers caravan sites with clean ablution
blocks and undercover “braai” (barbecue) areas at reasonable tariffs.
4x4 Routes: Botha’s Pass and the surrounding escarpment are ideal for 4x4 enthusiasts.
However, some of the roads might pose a problem during the rainy season (in the summer
months).
Guest Farms: Ronderus Guest Farm offers rest and tranquillity; a good way to spend a
weekend or short holiday. For thrill-seekers there are many hiking, mountain-biking, hanggliding
and rock-climbing opportunities.
Horse-riding: Umvubu Horse Trails offer you the chance to explore the Zeekoeivlei Nature
Reserve on horseback by day or night! Umvubu Bush Camp, situated close to road R34
next to the Reserve, offers easy access to the Reserve and makes a good base from which
to explore the area.
Hiking: Memel and its surrounds have a number of wonderful hiking trails, such as the
Sediba (“Fountain water”) Trail, that traverse and explore the mountains, waterfalls, forests
and caves in the area. Do not be surprised if you come across buck, baboons or monkeys.
Hunting: Hunting packages are offered in season on some of the game farms in the area.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching and game-viewing: A number of game farms in the district provide
opportunities for birdwatching and game-viewing.
Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve: The entrance to the 4 400 ha Seekoeivlei (“Hippopotamus
marsh”) Nature Reserve lies just north of Memel. The Klip River, which meanders through
the Seekoeivlei wetland, is characterised by many oxbow lakes. Since the reserve forms
103

part of the larger wetland area, visitors will be able to spot several of the over 350 species
of birds that have been identified here. Of the 350 species identified, some 21 are Red
Data listed species, such as the three species of cranes, African marsh harrier, whitebellied
korhaan, grass owl and the elusive white-winged flufftale. Grassland birds that have
made the reserve their home include the southern bald ibis, blue korhaan and Rudd’s and
Botha’s larks. Six bird hides interlinked with walkways will increase the possibility of
observing the birds. At night, small carnivores, such as the white-tailed mongoose and the
African wild cat, come out to play and during the day visitors can view some ten different
species of game, such as roan antelope, zebra, buffalo, red hartebeest and black
wildebeest. Hippopotami have recently been reintroduced to the reserve, 100 years after
the last one was shot in this area. Visitors are welcome to fish, to go canoeing or to take
short walks and hikes through the reserve.
HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURE
British Forts: The British erected forts along the escarpment for defence purposes during
the Anglo-Boer War, which still stand.
Rebellion Memorial: The Rebellion Memorial, to commemorate the 1914 Rebellion of the
Boers against the British, was erected in front of the Dutch Reformed Church. The rebellion
was planned on the farm Allenvale and executed from there. It was the result of many
Afrikaners disagreeing with the South African government about whether or not South
Africa should invade the German Colony of South West Africa on behalf of Britain. Many
Afrikaners were still bitter about the Anglo-Boer War and did not want to fight on the side of
the British. Furthermore, many regarded and were in fact related to the people of the then
South West Africa (now Namibia). The memorial also marks the spot where General
Christiaan de Wet’s son, who died during the uprising, is buried. General de Wet was one
of the Boer leaders who instigated the rebellion.
NATURAL WONDERS
Wetlands: The Memel wetland area incorporated into the Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve,
two km north of Memel, is one of the largest remaining wetland areas of its kind in South
Africa. Some 220 oxbow lakes (small curved lakes in the floodplains of rivers, the
remnants of former meanders) have formed over many centuries and now form one of the
few remaining sponge areas in the Vaal River catchment area. The area supports a prolific
community of birds, especially water birds, and has been declared a Wetland of
International Importance (RAMSAR).
PAUL ROUX
In 1909, the Reverend Paul Roux, a firebrand minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, who
had been a general during the Anglo-Boer War, founded the town. The town, in the Sand
River Valley, is surrounded by typical Eastern Free State sandstone cliffs, the source of the
sandstone used in many of the buildings in the town. The town also produces poplar wood
for the safety match industry. Paul Roux is the birthplace of one of South Africa's Prime
Ministers, Mr PW Botha.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: Hiking trails have been marked out on the farms Vingerpol and Holhoek, where
hikers can view old Sotho dwellings dating back to 1815, as well as the hollow cliff where
President PW Botha’s mother and other Boer women sought refuge from the British during
the Anglo-Boer War. The only hiking trail for disabled persons in the Free State has been
established on Holhoek farm. The 5-km trail is accessible to wheelchairs.
104

105
ARCHAEOLOGY AND
PALAEONTOLOGY
Dinosaur footprints:
Dinosaur footprints were
discovered on a farm in
the area, proving that
these extinct giants once
roamed the area.
ENTERTAINMENT AND
SHOPPING
African textiles: The
Africa textile and
material factory between
Paul Roux and Senekal
sells materials with
exquisite African motives
and designs.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Open-Air Museum: The Open-Air Museum has a large collection of yesteryear’s farming
implements.
Semi-precious stones: An extensive collection of semi-precious stones can be seen at the
Dutch Reformed Church. Members of the congregation collected stones from all over the
world and used them to establish a rock garden on the church property.

PETRUS STEYN
This small town between Tweeling and Kroonstad was proclaimed in 1912 and named after
the owner of the farm Sterkfontein on which it was established. The highest railway siding
in the Free State, (1 712 m above sea level) aptly named Hoogte (“Height”), is situated
here. Petrus Steyn also boasts one of the largest grain silos in the province. Elandskop, a
rocky outcrop west of the town, saw many historical meetings and engagements take place
during the Anglo-Boer War and afterwards. The town is located in an area that is renowned
for its potato, sunflower, maize, corn and soya bean crops.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Water sport and angling: Middelpunt Dam, 10 km west of the town, is a popular water sport
and angling venue for both local inhabitants and visitors.
ART AND CRAFTS
Curio shops: Reitz Street is the place to find African and other curios.
Painters and potters: Two local artists live on farms in the district. Some of their work can
be viewed in the Concordia Hotel in Church Street. They also exhibit their work in the art
gallery at Clarens.
CUISINE
Potato tasting: Potatoes can be bought and potato dishes tasted on Grap Potato Farm
during the season (March to August).
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic Church Building: The Crossroads Church building was a private home before the
Anglo-Boer War. In time, it became the mission church of the Dutch Reformed Church. The
christening font in the church was fashioned from a petrified tree trunk and the exterior was
painted in different colours to represent different facets associated with the Christian faith
(e.g. the blood of Christ, sin and spiritual growth). Also take a look at the interesting Dutch
Reformed Church building in Reitz Street.
Monuments: The Afrikaans Language Monument was erected to commemorate the
establishment of the Afrikaans language and the Wagon Wheel Monument was erected to
commemorate the Great Trek of 1838. Both are situated on Dirkie Uys Square. The square
was named after a Voortrekker boy, Dirkie Uys, the son of Piet Uys who led a punitive
expedition against the Zulus after they had killed Piet Retief and his 70 men at Dingane’s
kraal (settlement). During the expedition Piet Uys rode into a Zulu trap where he was
surrounded by Zulus and it was clear that he would be killed. His young son, Dirkie, rode
back into the same trap in an attempt to rescue his father, knowing that he might have to
pay with his life for this heroic deed, which he did.
Ox Wagon tracks: Ox Wagon tracks, dating back to the Centenary Celebration of the Great
Trek of 1838, have been preserved in a concrete slab in Dirkie Uys Square.
NATURAL WONDERS
Geological formations: Interesting rock formations can be found on the farms
Benadiesbank, Bloukrans and Rockview.
106

PHUTHADITJHABA/QWA-QWA
This town lies in a glen where the Elands River forces its way through the sandstone
foothills of the Maluti Mountains after flowing from the summit of Mont-aux-Sources in the
Drakensberg Mountain Range. The name Qwa-Qwa was bestowed on this area by the
ancient San because in their language it meant “whiter than white”, referring to the
surrounding snow-capped mountains that lend a special charm to the area during the cold
winter months. The Afrikaans-speaking community renamed the town Witsieshoek, after
Wetse, chief of the BaTlokwa section of the Basotho people, who settled here after the Zulu
raids on smaller tribes had ended. In 1969 the area was granted self-government as Qwa-
Qwa, the homeland of the baSotho ba Borwa (“Sotho people of the south”).
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
4x4 routes: Exhilarating off-road tracks in the area cater for 4x4 enthusiasts.
Golf: Golfers are welcome to try out the ‘high altitude” Qwa-Qwa Golf Club.
Hiking and rock climbing: There are several hiking trails in the area; amongst others the
Herbal Trail, the renowned Sentinel Trail and a series of trails to the back of the
Drakensberg Amphitheatre from which rock formations, such as the Devil’s Tooth, the
Eastern Buttress and Tugela Falls can be seen. The Sentinel Trail to the top of the most
northerly point in the Drakensberg Mountain Range gives hikers and rock climbers an
opportunity to take in the stunningly beautiful scenery of the area and also that of the
magnificent Drakensberg Mountain Range. Hikers and climbers can reach Sentinel Peak
and Mont-aux-Sources via different climbing routes and with the help of a series of chainaided
ascents.
107

Hunting: Bird- and trophy-hunting facilities are available in the area.
Trout-fishing: Two dams in the vicinity, Fika Patso and Metsi Matso Dams are open for
trout-fishing throughout the year.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Make a point of visiting the many San rock art sites in the area. Visitors can
admire the rock art in true, traditional Basotho style, from the back of a pony.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and crafts: Typical Basotho art and crafts can be bought at all the various curio shops in
and around the town. Items on sale include mohair wall hangings, karakul carpets, handpainted
porcelain, copper and brass work, cane furniture, baskets and glassware.
CULTURE/COMMUNITY TOURISM
Basotho Cultural Village: To learn more about the lifestyle of the Basotho (the South
Sotho), you should pay a visit to the Basotho Cultural Village just off Road R712 (the Qwa-
Qwa/Golden Gate road). The village is situated within the borders of the Qwa-Qwa National
Park. On your arrival, a friendly receptionist will show you an introductory video followed by
demonstrations of hut decoration, crushing of maize, traditional dancing and basketry. The
tour will then officially commence with a visit to the chief of the village; you have to have his
permission before proceeding with the tour. He will offer you Sotho beer as a token of
hospitality, after which you will be allowed to partake in a traditional game called “marabaraba”.
Visitors may visit the dwellings of the first and second wives of the chief and may
enjoy some traditional food including “motoho” (porridge made of sorghum) and “dipadi”
(toasted ground maize with a bit of salt and sugar). During the meal, the guide will explain
some of the interesting utensils used by the Sotho people. African curios are sold at the
108

village. Visitors may also follow the Herb Route, during which the guide will explain more
about traditional medicinal plants that grow in the area. The village often produces song,
dance and music festivals. Tourists who prefer to stay longer can overnight in one of the
self-catering chalets.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Fika Patso Mountain Resort: Fika Patso Mountain Resort is situated against the backdrop
of the Devil’s Tooth and Sentinel peaks of the rugged Drakensberg Mountains. The resort
offers comfortable accommodation and its location makes it an ideal base for all forms of
adventure sport and angling.
Maluti Picnic Resort: The Maluti Picnic Resort is a lovely scenic spot for a picnic.
Witsieshoek Mountain Resort: Visit this lovely resort situated at an altitude of 2 680 m
above sea level in an area where you can view some of the most spectacular scenery in
South Africa.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Qwa-Qwa National Park: The 22 000-ha Qwa-Qwa National Park is located on the
Harrismith - Golden Gate Road. It offers the discerning birdwatcher a rich variety of birds,
including aquatic birds in the marshy areas, and game-watchers will be able to see a
variety of antelope, such as eland, red hartebeest and springbuck, as well as zebra. The
grassy slopes of the park are an ideal habitat for the marsh rat, an important prey for small
carnivores and raptors. Guided horse trails can be undertaken, as well as the two-day
Avondrus/Spelonken Hiking Trail. Those who want to do the complete trail can overnight in
a hut at Spelonken. The reserve also has three 4x4 routes that will take from three to eight
hours to complete, depending on the trail chosen. The trails are closed in summer to
minimise damage to the environment. The gorges within the reserve are densely vegetated
and trees such as ouhout, white stinkwood, kiepersol, karee, yellowwood and wild olive
form part of the abundance of species of plants in the region. Colourful displays of white or
different shades of pink and purple cosmos flowers welcome the visitor in autumn. Cosmos
is actually an exotic weed but it is particularly attractive when in bloom. Indigenous flowers
in the reserve include watsonia, arum, gladioli and scilla.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Batlokwa Monument/Museum: The monument was erected in honour of the Tlokwa chief,
Wetse, and the museum exhibits interesting exhibits from that time.
Paulos Mopedi Statue: A statue of Paulos Mopedi, the founder of the town, stands in
Namahadi Village.
REITZ-PETSANA
Reitz, founded in 1889, was named after a former president of the Orange Free State,
Frederik Reitz, and is situated in the heart of the Free State wheat and maize area, an area
known as Riemland. Fittingly, the largest agricultural cooperative in the Free State is
located in the town. On several occasions Reitz has been voted the most attractive
medium-sized town in the Free State and is renowned for its annual Bielie Mielie Festival.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking and mountain-biking: Hiking trails have been established next to the rivers in the
area and in the Bewaria (Conservation) area. Several mountain biking routes also traverse
the area.
109

Horse-riding: A number of private farms offer horse-riding opportunities and farm holidays.
Sport: The town has its own golf course, bowling green and swimming pool, as well as
facilities for cricket, tennis, soccer, netball, squash and “jukskei”, a traditional Afrikaans
sport.
Water sports: Water sports, such as canoeing and windsurfing, as well as angling
opportunities, abound close to the town, owing to the many dams, pans of water and rivers,
such as the Liebenbergsvlei and Wilge Rivers. Bietjie Water Resort offers angling and
water sport facilities and a chance to relax and enjoy the outdoors.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: The large cave on the farm Cavern that was used by General De Wet as an
ammunition dump during the Anglo-Boer War boasts exquisite examples of San rock art.
Other San rock art sites can be viewed on the farms Kuilenberg and Semper Fidelis.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art gallery: Reitz has its fair share of local artists whose work is exhibited in the Merwede
Art Gallery in town.
Flea market: The town holds a flea market on the last Saturday of each month.
CUISINE
Bielie Mielie Festival: This festival coincides with the time (February) when the maize on
the land is still green but ready for human consumption. During the festival more than
15 000 cobs of corn (mealies) are handed out free of charge by the Municipality. The
rest of the festivities include sports events, cultural events, exhibitions of farming
implements, decorative floats and much more.
HISTORY AND
ARCHITECTURE
Bezuidenhoutsdrif
Hospital: This building,
used as a field hospital
by the Boers during the
Anglo-Boer War is one of
a very few that is still
standing. It is situated on
the farm Smithsrus.
Graspan Battlefield: The
Graspan Battlefield lies
12 km east of Reitz and
is the site where a battle
ensued between British
soldiers and Boer troops
who came to the rescue of the Reverend Kestell and a convoy of Boer women fleeing from
the British in more than 100 wagons.
Town Monument: A single monument has been erected in the grounds of the Dutch
Reformed Church, in town, to honour the Boers who died during the Anglo-Boer War and
the Rebellion of 1914 and also to commemorate the establishment of the Republic of South
Africa in 1961 and the Afrikaans language. The church itself has been declared a National
monument.
110

President Steyn and Mounted Attendant Monument: This monument is dedicated to the old
President’s mounted attendant, a man of Griqua descent, who saved him from being
captured by the British.
War Graves: There are several historic Anglo-Boer War graves and monuments of both
Boer and British soldiers in the town’s cemetery and in the area surrounding the town.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Agricultural Tours: The various agricultural tours on offer will teach you more about apple
and potato farming, rose farming, exotic bird farming, vegetable and tulip bulb farming,
cattle farming, dairy farming and lion breeding. You can also visit a dried flower factory.
Star gazing: The Private Observatory Astronomer will share his knowledge of the stars with
you.
SENEKAL
Senekal was named after a fallen Boer Commander, Commandant-General Frederik
Senekal, who was killed in the Basotho War in 1865. Although established earlier, the town
was only acknowledged by the then Orange Free State House of Assembly in 1877. The
town is laid out on the banks of the Sand River, a tributary of the Vaal River.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Arcadia Vacation Farm: Tennis, swimming and horse-riding are some of the activities
offered on this farm. Accommodation is supplied in a beautiful Cape Dutch farmhouse and
guests are treated to traditional Free State cuisine.
Biddulphsberg Resort: The resort has a Caravan Park with ablution facilities, two selfcatering
units, a thatch roofed “lapa” and a dam suitable for swimming. Game drives can be
arranged and walking and hiking trails are laid out on the farm.
Biking: This is a popular biking area and there are numerous biking routes in the
surrounding area and on Biddulphsberg, a farm that belonged to Voortrekker leader, Sarel
Cilliers.
Golf: The town has an 18-hole golf course and annually stages several tournaments and
golf-days.
Hiking: The Fern Route Hiking Trail is established on a game farm in the vicinity. The trail is
suitable for young and old. Many species of game, birds and trees can be viewed. The
routes followed by the hiking trails on the farm Biddulphsberg are very scenic.
Hunting: There are a number of game ranches and game lodges located on private farms,
such as Arizona and Biddulphsbergoord Hunting Safaris, that provide hunting facilities and
hunting packages.
Sport: The Senekal Country Club has squash, badminton, tennis, netball, rugby and bowls
facilities. The town also has a Motorbike Club.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Antiques: The local antique shop is a collector’s paradise.
111

FAUNA AND FLORA
Bible Garden: A visit to the Bible Garden is well worth while. It is a collection of several
smaller gardens containing plants mentioned in the Bible. There are palm, herb, olive, aloe
and pomegranate gardens. Several other types of plants also grow here.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Battle of Biddulphsberg: The site of this battle between Boer and British forces in 1900 is
situated on the farm Biddulphsberg. Two monuments now mark the place where 400 Boers
overcame a superior force of 4 000 British soldiers. This location is also famous for its
historical ties with the renowned anti-British Ossewabrandwag organisation that was
founded in 1938 to further Afrikaner Nationalism.
Church Square Monuments: Monuments located in the square include the Burger
Monument, which was erected in memory of the Boers who lost their lives during the Anglo-
Boer War, the Angel Statue, a bust of Commandant-General Frederik Senekal and two
monuments commemorating the Great Trek of 1838.
Dutch Reformed Church: The present mother church was erected in 1896 on the site of the
original church, which was built in 1875. Although the church itself is an impressive
sandstone structure, the sandstone wall surrounding the church usually gets most of the
attention. This wall is topped with fossilised tree trunks dating back to between 250 and 350
million years ago.
Keet House: Visit the house of the late Dr AD Keet, renowned Afrikaans poet.
Memorial Needle: A marble memorial needle situated within the Municipal premises on the
corner of Voortrekker and Van Riebeeck Streets commemorates Senekal’s centenary
(1877-1977).
112

Museum: The museum attached to the library has exhibits honouring local notables such
as Commandant-General FP Senekal, after whom the town was named, and Dr AD Keet.
Private Collections: A collection of more than 3 000 different teaspoons from all over the
world and a large collection of antique and war weapons from different eras may be viewed
on request. Contact the local information office for more information.
STEYNSRUS
Steynsrus was established in 1910 and named after the last president of the Free State
Republic, Marthinus Steyn. The town’s name means “Steyn’s rest (resting place)”.
Steynsrus is well-known for its Salem ceramics.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Adventure sport: The Eselkop Game Farm offers swimming, angling, horse-riding and
several hiking trails.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Gallery: The Goedehoop Gallery is 13 km north-west of the town on the Ventersburg
road.
Salem Ceramics: Salem ceramics are designed and produced locally and distributed
nationally.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Historic Church: The sandstone church is typical of early Orange Free State church
architecture.
VREDE
After the dispute among local residents about the location of the new town was settled, the
town was established in 1863 and aptly named Vrede, which means “peace”, in Afrikaans.
The Bothasberg, Langberg and Witkoppe Mountain Ranges are prominent landmarks in the
area.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Emanzini Country Resort: The resort will provide you with an angling and boating holiday to
remember. A swimming pool, restaurant and comfortable chalets complete the picture.
4x4 routes: Several farms in the district have superb 4x4 routes, as well as hiking and birdwatching
opportunities.
Hiking: Hiking routes have been established on the many holiday farms in the vicinity of the
town. Try out the Langberg hiking, biking, abseiling and caving combination trail.
Holiday farms: Langberg Springs on the farm Skerpkloof has four trout dams as well as
hiking, mountain biking and rock climbing opportunities. Fairview Holiday Farm offers game
viewing and hunting opportunities coupled with hiking, angling and 4x4 routes.
Horse-riding: The Aldo Riding School is located on the farm Eureka and offers lessons for
children as young as five years of age. Holiday camps are conducted during April and
December. Other horse-riding opportunities and trails exist on the many holiday and game
farms in the area.
113

Mountain biking: The Langberg Trail takes bikers up to the top of Langberg where overnight
accommodation is available in an old horse stable.
Sport: Vrede has its own 9-hole golf course set in scenic surroundings, as well as a tennis
club.
Trout-fishing: Trout-fishing opportunities abound on the many holiday farms in the vicinity of
the town.
Vrede Marina: Vrede Dam, also called the Vrede Marina, is ideal for angling, water-skiing
and boating.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Holiday Farm: The Glen Harry Guest Farm offers accommodation and the chance to
learn to paint with the help of a well-known local artist.
Bonhani Arts and Crafts: This shop and factory creates crafts and works of art out of
natural materials.
Pottery: Stonet Potteries sells pottery items made by local potters.
Sycamore Semi-precious Stones: “Sycamore Semi-edelgesteentes” is based on a farm in
the district and manufacture hand-made jewellery and other articles using South African
semi-precious stones.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Little Long Creek: Little Long Creek lies in the foothills of the Drakensberg Mountain Range
and has superb scenery, wild flowers and birds. Fly-fishing and horse-riding can also be
done.
Moreson (“Morning Sun”) Ranch: This holiday and game farm is situated at the foot of
Bothasberg Mountain and offers game viewing, hunting, angling, 4x4 and hiking routes and
horse-riding. The farm is renowned for its blesbok herd, the largest herd of this type of
antelope in the Free State.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Great Trek Monument: A granite monument commemorating the Great Trek of 1838 stands
in the town.
Sheep House: The Sheep House was used as a storage place by the British during the
Anglo-Boer War. They killed flocks of sheep and stored the carcasses of the animals in the
house to deprive the Boers forces of food.
Old Cannon: A cannon that was used in South West Africa (now Namibia) during the First
World War can be seen in the town.
War Memorial: The Burghers Memorial in the grounds of the Dutch Reformed Church was
erected in honour of the Boers who lost their lives during the Anglo-Boer War. The town
also has a Garden of Remembrance for British soldiers who fought in that war.
114

WARDEN
Warden was laid out on the banks of the Cornelis River in 1913. It is named after Major
Henry Warden, a popular British Administration Official in the Free State from 1848 to
1854, when it was known as the Orange River Sovereignty under British suzerainty. The
many marshes in the vicinity of the town offer sanctuary to a variety of aquatic birds.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Water sport: The Warden Dam offers several angling and recreation opportunities.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Paintings: San rock paintings can be seen on the farm Goedgegewend in the
area.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Cosmos Wild Flowers: The beautiful cosmos wild flowers grace the countryside with their
colourful presence during the autumn months when splashes of purple, pink and white
cover the landscape in a tapestry of colour.
Bird-watching: The many marshes in the area attract a rich variety of birds, especially water
birds.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Church: The massive Dutch Reformed Church towers over the
surrounding countryside. It is the largest sandstone church in the southern hemisphere and
can accommodate more than 1 000 people.
115

XHARIEP REGION
The Xhariep region encompasses the tranquil, semi arid hills, valleys and open grassland
plains and prairies of the Southern Free State. The mighty Orange River was named by the
first Cape Dutch settlers (“Voortrekkers”) and forms the region’s southern boundary.
Early San inhabitants originally called the river, “!Garib” (Great River) – a name aptly
chosen for this artery that covers a total distance of some 2 000 km. The Orange River
feeds much of the Free State and Northern Cape’s farmlands and most of the industrial
developments in the province.
116

The great Xhariep Dam is one of the main features of the region, which also contains
several nature reserves, San rock art sites and Anglo-Boer War battlefields.
The golden theme is repeated in the farmlands and vineyards of the region and in the warm
yellow hues of the white wines produced at the Wilreza and Landzicht Wine Cellars.
BETHULIE
Bethulie lies on the northern bank of the Xhariep (former Hendrik Verwoerd) Dam, on the
Xhariep (Orange) River. Originally a mission station belonging to the London Missionary
Society, the site later became the property of the French Missionary Society. The
honourable Reverend Jean Pellissier set up his headquarters here and named the mission
Bethulie, meaning "Chosen by God".
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Club sport: Bethulie has several sport facilities, such as a golf course, a bowling green and
tennis courts.
4x4 routes: 4x4 enthusiasts can follow a route that will take them past unusual rock
formations (the “klipstapels”) in the Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve.
Hiking: There are several hiking trails in the area. The first in the Tussen-die-Riviere Nature
Reserve will take you to the confluence of the Caledon and Xhariep (Orange) Rivers and
the second has overnight facilities at Spesbona, which can accommodate 25 people.
Hunting: Hunting is allowed in the Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve, during the hunting
season.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: The caves on the eastern side of the ridge that runs the length of the
Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve still bear evidence of their early San inhabitants. Their
drawings adorn the walls of the cave.
ART AND CRAFTS
Bethulie Gallery: The art gallery sells the works of various painters, potters and a
sculptress.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Mynhardt Game Reserve: The 160 ha Mynhardt Game Reserve lies next to Bethulie Dam
and offers sanctuary to numerous antelope, black wildebeest and zebra. Signs at the
entrance to the town direct visitors to the reserve — one of the oldest municipal reserves in
the province. The reserve also has a small holiday resort with a caravan park, campsites
and chalets.
Tussen-die-Riviere Nature Reserve: Tussen-die-Riviere (“Between the Rivers”) Nature
Reserve is the southernmost reserve in the province. It lies 15 km from Bethulie, between
the Caledon and Xhariep (Orange) Rivers. The wide-open plains of this reserve are home
to antelope such as eland, rhebuck, reedbuck, impala, kudu, hartebeest and zebra. You will
also be able to spot buffalo along the bushy riverbanks. Small nocturnal animals such as
porcupine, aardvark, aardwolf and the bat-eared fox make night drives particularly
interesting. The feisty warthog has also recently been introduced to the reserve. Fish
eagles and black eagles explore the skies and secretary birds scour the grasslands for a
morsel to eat. The plant life in the reserve ranges from open grassland to bushy areas on
117

the riverbanks. Many trees, such as willow, wild olive, white stinkwood and star apple,
fringe the banks of both rivers. Accommodation includes chalets and a hunter’s camp.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Concentration Camp: The Concentration Camp at Bethulie was the largest of the many
concentration camps established by the British during the Anglo-Boer War. Many women
and children died here.
DH Steyn Railway Bridge: The 2 993 m (including approaches), concrete railway viaduct
and bridge, over the Xhariep (Orange) River, a triumph of engineering, is the longest such
construction of its kind in the country.
Horse Memorial: The Horse Memorial pays homage to the courage that horses often
displayed on the battlefield.
Louw Wepener Monument: A memorial in honour of the Boer hero, Louw Wepener, a
commando leader during the second Basotho War, stands 10 km out of town.
Ox Wagon Monument: This monument honours the ox wagon, the Voortrekkers main mode
of travel during their arduous journey into the interior of the country.
Pellissier House Museum: The original mission buildings have survived the ravishes of time
as did the house in which the Reverend Pellissier lived. This house is thought to be the
oldest European dwelling north of the Xhariep (Orange) River. Today, the house, furnished
in rural Republican-Victorian style, is used as a Museum – the Pellissier House Museum.
Some of the Reverend's personal belongings are on display, as well as other exhibits that
reflect the history of the area.
EDENBURG
Edenburg is situated 83 km south-west of Bloemfontein in the golden prairie country so
typical of this area. Disagreement exists about the origin of the town’s name. Some believe
that the small farming town was named after the Biblical paradise of “Eden” while others
believe it is the Afrikaans translation of “Edinburgh” — the birthplace of the renowned South
African clergyman, Andrew Murray.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Hunting facilities are available on several farms in the district, such as De Put and
Cyferkuil.
Sport: The town offers sport enthusiasts a choice of a round of golf, bowls, a set of tennis
or a game of soccer.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Mineral Water Plant: Visit the Fontyn Mineral Water Establishment (make an appointment
first) on the farm Beeskraal where the owners bottle the natural spring water found on the
farm. The Edenburg area is known for the high quality of its subterranean water. The latter
is for the health-conscious consumer.
Taxidermy: A local taxidermist, Mr Albie van Zyl, offers taxidermy services to hunters, as
well as a host of interesting taxidermy articles for sale at his Pudumo taxidermy and tanning
venue.
118

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Berlin Mission Station: The Berlin Mission Station, 16 km north of the town, is the oldest of
its kind in the Free State.
Postal Coach Tracks: The Postal Coach Tracks date back to February 1852.
Town Hall: The beautiful old Town Hall in Church Street has been declared a national
monument.
Voortrekker Graves: Many of the Voortrekkers who died during the nineteenth century are
buried near the Dutch Reformed Church in Voortrekker Street.
FAURESMITH
This little town, the second oldest in the Free State, lies some 130 km south-west of
Bloemfontein. The town was named after the Reverend Phillip E Faure and Sir Harry
Smith, one-time Governor of the Cape. Fauresmith and Bloemfontein were regarded as the
two most important towns in the then republic of the Orange Free State. The town lost out
to Bloemfontein as the capital city by two votes. One of the oddities of the town is the
railway line that used to pass through the town – right down the centre of the main street. A
disused steam locomotive stands on its tracks in the centre of the main street as a
reminder of this phenomenon that occurs in only two other towns in the world - in Victoria
(Australia) and Tennessee (USA). Today, Fauresmith is renowned for the International
Horse Endurance Race hosted by the town every July.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: The Randjiesveld Hiking Trail allows you to explore the town and its surroundings.
Horse riding: The town is renowned for its 205-km, three-day, International Horse
Endurance Race hosted here annually. The race that ends on a Sunday conclude with a
church service featuring beautiful choir music.
Hunting: Hunting is allowed on several privately owned farms in the district.
119

Water sport and angling: Angling and boating on the Kalkfontein Irrigation Dam are popular
pastimes for both locals and visitors. The Kalkfontein Dam is one of the few angling areas
where yellow fish are relatively abundant.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Stone Age Implements: Many Stone Age implements and artefacts have been found in this
area.
ART AND CRAFTS
Local Artist: Mr Jan (“Jantha”) Botha is a renowned local artist who has won many prizes
for his paintings. He is currently busy with a painting of Joan of Arc commissioned by a
museum in Orleans, France. His studio can be visited but only by prior appointment.
Spinning and Weaving School: Visitors are welcome to visit the Spinwiel spinning and
weaving school.
Tiisetsa Sewing Project: This project supplies several local people with sewing and knitting
work. Articles for sale include a variety of jerseys and other knitwear, as well as shirts,
aprons, curtains and other items.
Toys: Handmade steel and metal toys such as tractors, cars and carts that will delight any
young (and not so young) boy’s heart is manufactured and sold in the town.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Battle of Boomplaats: The Battle of Boomplaats between British and Boer troops took place
at Jagersfontein, approximately 30 km from Fauresmith.
Fauresmith Jail: The jail in Westend Street, a declared National monument, was erected in
1881, and is constructed mostly of stone.
Great Trek Monument: The Great Trek Monument is situated on the farm Samar, seven km
out of town.
Historic graves: Graves dating back to the 1800s can be viewed in the town’s cemetery
where there is also a Burgher Monument commemorating the Boers who lost their lives
during the Anglo-Boer War. The graves of approximately 25 British soldiers also lie here
but in a different part of the cemetery. The graves of three murderers, executed in public,
lie in the open veld about one km outside the town.
Historic Buildings: The Town Hall is a beautiful old Victorian style building completed in
1930. The Dr WH Boshoff Homestead in Oos Burger Street is a typical example of
sandstone architecture. The lovely old Standard Bank Building, in Voortrekker Street, was
in use right up to 1998 and was then donated to the Dutch Reformed Church. The part of
the building known as Die Blou Gallery (“The Blue Gallery”) is presently used as a church
hall. The Post Office building was opened in 1905 and the Police Station and Magistrate’s
Offices date back to 1936.
Historic Tree: The historic old karee tree (Rhus lancea) dubbed the “Church Tree”, provided
the shade under which the town’s first communion service was held on 9 November 1848.
Thirty-two members of the Dutch Reformed Congregation took part in this communion
service. The tree is located in the centre of the town.
120

Methodist Church: The pristine little Methodist Church was erected in1906 but is currently
used by the ladies of the local Oranje Women’s Society.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Kalkfontein Dam Nature Reserve: The Kalkfontein Dam Nature Reserve is located 36 km
north of Fauresmith on the Petrusburg-Fauresmith Road. The reserve boasts a good
selection of waterbirds, such as the South African shellduck, flamingo and osprey.
Kalkfontein is also home to Smith’s red rabbits. The best time to try and spot these elusive
creatures is in the early morning or evening. The reserve has a caravan park with adequate
ablution and barbecue facilities. The dam is often frequented by anglers in search of yellow
fish, Orange River mudfish, barbel and carp. Kalkfontein has a typical Karoo landscape and
the hillocks and plains take on brown, red and yellow hues during the winter months.
XHARIEP DAM
The town of Xhariep Dam, one of the youngest towns in the country is better known for the
dam for which it is named. Xhariep Dam, formerly Hendrik Verwoerd Dam, is the largest
dam in the country. At full capacity, the dam covers an area of 36 500 ha. The dam is ideal
for water sport such as sailing, windsurfing, skiing and angling. The sun-downer cruises in
the late afternoon are particularly popular. The village established here during the 1960s to
house the labour force that built the dam has been converted into a lovely holiday resort.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Air ventures: Xhariep Air, situated in Tinktinkie Street, takes visitors on aeroplane flips over
the dam and surrounding areas.
Xhariep Dam: Xhariep Dam is the largest dam in the country and is an ideal venue for
angling, boating and water sports.
Gliding: Excellent opportunities and conditions for gliding exist here and the National
Gliding Championships are hosted annually at Xhariep Dam Airfield.
Hiking: Hikers can enjoy a day out in the sun by following the trails laid out in the Xhariep
Dam Nature Reserve.
121
River rafting: River rafting
opportunities exist on
Southford Farm near
Xhariep Dam.

ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Aventura Midwaters Holiday Resort: The Aventura Midwaters Resort lies close to Xhariep
Dam and offers power boating and sailing as well as horse riding, cycling and hiking
facilities. The resort also boasts a 9-hole golf course, as well as facilities for swimming,
tennis, Putt-Putt and bowling.
Dam Wall Tours: Tours of the Xhariep Dam wall are conducted by prior arrangement with
the Department of Water Affairs. There are 13 km of passages and halls within the walls of
the dam.
Fish Hatchery: The Xhariep Dam State Fish Hatchery in the Xhariep Dam Nature Reserve
guarantees you an informative few hours.
Hydro-electric Power Station: Tours can be arranged to view the Xhariep Power Station,
the first hydro-electric power station built by Escom.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Xhariep Dam Nature Reserve: The 13 500 ha Xhariep Nature Reserve encompasses
Xhariep Dam, and is approximately 200 km south of Bloemfontein. It stretches from the
Xhariep Dam Wall in the west to the town of Bethulie in the east. Although the banks of
Xhariep Dam boast lush green trees and bushes, the rest of the reserve surrounding the
dam is characterised by dramatically contrasting landscapes of hillocks, ridges and rocky
outcrops and dry, open plains with very little vegetation. However, animals such as
springbuck (whose population is larger than that of any reserve in the country), eland and
zebra roam freely within the borders of the reserve and birds such as the fish eagle and the
Goliath heron live here too. The reserve also houses the State Fish Hatchery.
Accommodation facilities include fully equipped chalets and camping facilities or
accommodation aboard a boat or yacht, on Xhariep Dam.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Norvalspont Concentration Camp: The Norvalspont Concentration Camp was laid out in
February 1901 and 366 people, mainly children, died here, mostly as the result of a
measles epidemic.
JACOBSDAL
This town near the Free State’s western border with the Northern Cape, was established in
1859 on the farm Kalkfontein belonging to a Mr CJ Jacobs. Although situated in a semidesert
area, four major rivers converge in the vicinity of the town namely the Modder, Riet,
Vaal and Orange (Xhariep) rivers. The water from these rivers was harnessed via the Riet
River with the help of the Sarel Hayward Irrigation Scheme. The Scheme, referred to as the
“Oranje Riet”, provided life-giving water to crops such as grapes, grain, potatoes and
lucerne, fruit, nuts and olives. In the ensuing years the community became the first outside
the then Cape Province, to have its own wine cellar. The more recent establishment of
large diary farming concerns in the district has added to the town’s stability and prosperity.
However, Jacobsdal also has a rich historical and cultural heritage. The town is situated in
close proximity to the place where the Anglo-Boer war started and was the first town in the
Free State to be occupied by the British. Many historic battles took place near the town.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: Holpan, Balanseer and Springbokkamp Dams are popular local angling spots.
122

Golf: The Magersfontein Memorial Golf Club and Estate next to the Modder River has a golf
course built to international standards. It is also very near to the Magersfontein Anglo-Boer
War Battlefield, just over the provincial boundary, in the Northern Cape.
Hiking: Travel on the Paardeberg Road outside the town to reach the Van Zyl Boerdery
Hiking Trail.
Water sport: Contact the Jacobsdal Power Boat Club for more information about power
boating and windsurfing activities on the Balanseer Dam and the Information Centre for
“bareback” rides down one of the irrigation canals.
CUISINE
Diamond and Wine Route: Jacobsdal is one of the towns earmarked as stopovers on the
Diamond and Wine Tourism Route that passes through Jacobsdal, Jagersfontein,
Koffiefontein and Fauresmith. Wine tasting and many other interesting activities are offered
along the route.
Wine Cellars: Jacobsdal has two private wine cellars, the Wilreza Private Wine Cellar and
Restaurant and the Landzicht Wine Cellar that offers wine tours that will allow you to taste
and buy. Wilreza sells white wines such as Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Grand Cru and
Late Harvest and red wines such as Pinotage and Wilrouge, as well as sweet wines and
grape juice.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: The Springbokkamp Dam area is a birdwatcher’s paradise. Be on the look
out for the elusive blue crane.
Grootfontein Private Nature Reserve: The reserve provides opportunities for hiking,
hunting, game-viewing and birdwatching in a semi-desert area classified as Savannah
Karoo where sweet thorn and camel thorn trees abound. Comfortable accommodation is
available in the reserve.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
African pots: A local pottery concern in the town produces pots with African designs.
Phutamagae: Visit Phutamagae to buy handmade articles, such as dresses designed in
unique African style.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
British Blockhouse: This 1900 British Blockhouse, situated on the road to Paardeberg, is
yet another memento of the Anglo-Boer War that raged in the district. The rectangular
blockhouse, a National monument, is one of only 12 built in this shape to have survived
totally intact.
Dutch Reformed Church: The Dutch Reformed Church, in Voortrekker Street, was built in
1879 and has a bullet hole in one of its front doors dating from the Anglo-Boer War. The
building was used as a hospital during the war. All those wounded at the Battles of
Belmont, Graspan, Modderrivier/Tweerivieren, Magersfontein and Paardeberg were nursed
here. The beautiful trellis fence around the church dates from 1883. The old Vicarage on
the corner of Voortrekker and Sarel Cilliers Streets was built in1866, even before the
church was erected.
Historic buildings: The very first dwelling to be built in the town belonged to a local farmer who
built his Tuishuisie (town house), a house for use during visits to the town, opposite the
123

southern entrance of the Dutch Reformed Church. The well-preserved building, to
which the town owes its name, is being restored for use as an Information Centre.
Historic Market Square: The Old Market Square used to be the site of the Town Hall. In
October 1900 a major battle between the Boers and the British took place here, the Boers
firing at the British from behind a stone wall that still stands.
Jacobsdal Cemetery: Casualties from the Anglo-Boer War were buried in the Jacobsdal
Cemetery, in de Villiers Street. The oldest grave dates back to 1859. However, some of the
Boer dead were later exhumed and re-interred at the Magersfontein Battle Site.
Magersfontein Battlefield: The famous Magersfontein Battlefield, site of a conclusive Boer
victory by the Boer General, Piet Cronje, and his men, over the British forces of Lord
Methuen, lies approximately 20 km north-west of Jacobsdal. Lord Methuen was attempting
to free Kimberley when the Boers engaged him in battle at Magersfontein. He made a
dreadful mistake when he wrongly calculated that the Boers were entrenched in the hills.
The Boers were, in fact, well camouflaged in trenches at the foot of the hills, from where
they were able to inflict a great number of casualties on the British. The 482-ha battlefield
has been marked with monuments, lookout points, trenches and a museum and is
considered to be one of the ten best open-air museums/battle sites in the country.
Paardeberg Battlefield site: The Paardeberg Battlefield, on the banks of the Modder River,
was the scene of heavy fighting during the Anglo-Boer War when 40 000 British soldiers
besieged a Boer force of 4 000. The Boers surrendered after ten days of bombardment
causing a severe blow to Boer logistics and morale. A museum at the Paardeberg station
commemorates this battle.
Stone Cairn: Before local Boer men left to fight in the Battle of Roodelaagte on
11 November 1899, they put together a cairn of stones, each stone carrying the name or
initials of an individual Boer soldier. This stone monument is still standing and is accessible
from the Agricultural School.
JAGERSFONTEIN
Jagersfontein, South Africa’s oldest mining town, was established in 1870 on the farm of
that name. When a 50-carat diamond was found on the property the farm was declared
public diggings. The Cape Government bought the original farmhouse for use as an office
and established what must be one of the most unique gaols in the country, right in front of
the house – a Eucalyptus tree trunk to which the prisoners were tied. In time the diggings
yielded even bigger stones such as the 972,75 carat Excelsior Stone (1893), the largest in
the world until the Cullinan Diamond was found in 1905, as well as the 637-carat Reitz
diamond (1895). In fact, eight of the 24 biggest diamonds ever found in the world came
from this mine, the first place in the world where a diamond was found enclosed in its
mother stone (blue ground/Kimberlite). The so-called “jagger” diamonds became renowned
throughout the world and legend has it that Al Capone, the famous organised crime boss
from Chicago, also owned one. In more recent times Elizabeth Taylor, the well-known film
actress, became the recipient of a 20-carat “jagger” diamond. Today, Jagersfontein’s "Big
Hole", reputedly the largest, man-made, vertical-sided open diamond mine in Africa and
even bigger than Kimberley's Big Hole, is a popular tourist attraction. The famous South
African golfer, Bobby Locke, lived in Jagersfontein as a boy.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: The three-day, approximately 55 km Diggers Big Hole Hiking Trail takes hikers
through typical Free State vegetation, up a steep ravine, the Donkerkloof, and past a
124

eautiful fountain where overnight facilities are available. Many species of birds and game
can be seen on the trail. There are shorter hikes too, all of which start at the Diggers Big
Hole.
125
Horse riding: Horse rides can be
organised on a farm in the vicinity.
Contact the Jagersfontein Horse
Riding Club for more details. The
International Horse Endurance Race
is run here every year during July.
Hunting, 4x4 routes, horse riding,
bird watching and game viewing:
Various private farms and guest
houses in the vicinity of town offer a
range of different adventure
activities.
Sport: The town boasts a
gymnasium, golf course and bowling
and tennis clubs.
Steam Train Marathon: This annual
event coincides with the International
Horse Endurance Race during July
and sees athletes “racing” the train
from Jagersfontein to Fauresmith.
Woolwash Dam: Camping, angling
and boating opportunities are on
offer at the dam, 10 km north of the
town.
ART AND CRAFTS
Taxidermy: Visit the local taxidermist, much frequented by trophy hunters, and see some of
the exhibits at the shop.
Glaasstudio Trust: The crafters at Glaasstudio Trust make lovely works of glass and wire, a
typical South African art and craft form. On sale are wire baskets, bowls and lamps, as well
as animal, insect and bird figures. Hand-made glass and Ostrich Egg art are also available.
Itumeleng Women’s Sewing Group: The group makes and sells traditional Xhosa, Venda
and Sotho ethnic dresses, dolls’ dresses and several other garments and articles.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Battlefield sites: The Battle of Boomplaats took place on 29 August 1848 in the vicinity of
the town. This battle, fought to reassert British authority in the area known as the Orange
River Sovereignty, cost the British dearly even though they did manage to achieve their
goal. The British subsequently erected a monument commemorating and naming those
who died here. Also visit the Swartkoppies Battlefield site, situated on the Farm
Swartkoppies, in the district.

Historic Churches: The beautiful old Roman Catholic Church was built in 1881 and features
exquisite original paintings depicting the stages of the cross as well as a beautiful baptismal
font. Both the Dutch Reformed and Methodist Churches were built in 1881, the Anglican
Church being erected ten years later, in 1891.
Historic Buildings: The town boasts no less than five buildings that were designed by the
renowned architect Sir Herbert Baker. These buildings are the Town Hall, the Standard
Bank Building and the building next to it, the old Barclays Bank Building and the Dutch
Reformed Church. Jagersfontein also has the second oldest Masonic lodge in South Africa.
Old Mine and Mining Village: Although active mining has long since ceased in
Jagersfontein the mine that originally heralded in the diamond rush still exists. The
historical mining village in Meteor Street bears testimony to the town's mining history. An
interesting recent development is the recovery of diamonds from old mine dumps
undertaken by the De Beers Mining Company.
Open Mine: The Open Mine (“Big Hole”) has a handy lookout post nearby, and the Open
Mine Museum offers an overview of the town’s origin and mining history.
MOTH Museum: This Museum, known as the “Monte Sole Shell Hole”, exhibits
memorabilia and other old and precious items from the Boer Wars, the First and Second
World Wars and the more recent war waged on the northern borders of the former South
West Africa (Namibia).
Sun Street: Sun Street, in Itumeleng, is one of the town’s oldest streets.
Water pumps: The quaint, original old water pumps, installed in 1913, yielded three gallons
of water per penny and are still standing. Jagersfontein was the first town in the province to
deliver fresh water to its community via a piped system.
KOFFIEFONTEIN
Koffiefontein is situated on the Riet River, 140 km south-west of Bloemfontein. The town
owes its name to an incident that happened in 1870 when a transport rider dismounted at a
spring in the area for a cup of coffee and picked up a diamond on the spot. His discovery
led to a diamond rush to the town appropriately known as Koffiefontein (“Coffee Fountain”).
After having being closed for more than 30 years the Koffiefontein Mine re-opened in 1970
bringing new-found prosperity to this mainly sheep and mixed farming area. The irrigation
dam at Kalkfontein, 22 km from the town, supplies the necessary water for the various
farming activities. After having gone through tough times Koffiefontein is today a
prosperous town with its own cheese factory and vineyards.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling: The Kalkfontein Dam is a popular angling spot where yellow fish and carp are
regularly caught. The Mine Dam is stocked with black bass.
Golf: The town has a 9-hole golf course.
Sport: The town has several sporting facilities, such as a swimming pool, cricket pitch,
athletics track, netball facilities, bowling green, soccer and rugby fields and tennis courts.
Water sport: Both the Mine and Kalkfontein Dams have facilities for sailing and boating.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
126

San Rock Art: There are several impressive examples of San rock art in the area.
ART AND CRAFTS
Prisoner-of-war art works: During the Second World War, Italian prisoners of war were
interned in prisoner-of-war camps at Koffiefontein. An Italian inmate painted the fascinating
murals now displayed at the entrance to the town. The Municipal Caravan Park features
other articles made by the Italian prisoners of war.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: The Bird Park, in Engelbrecht Street, is home to various species of exotic
and indigenous birds. Approximately seven km out of town, a man-made bird park in the
open countryside attracts many water birds.
Diamond Mine Game Farm: Several species of wildlife can be seen in the tranquil
surroundings of the Diamond Mine Game Farm.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglo Boer War Forts: Several forts were erected by the British after Boer forces under the
command of General Brand and Commandant Hertzog attacked the town and mine. The
remains of the first fort built here lies on a hill behind the golf course. The 17 men who
guarded this fort left their signatures on the rocks surrounding the fort.
Blue Diamond Tavern: The Blue Diamond Tavern is a historic watering hole.
Coffee Pot Fountain: The Coffee Pot Fountain, built in the shape of a coffee pot,
symbolically welcomes visitors by “pouring them coffee”.
Etienne le Roux homestead and grave: The homestead and grave of renowned South
African novelist, Etienne le Roux, is located in the district.
Guard House: The guard house that was situated at the entrance to the internment camp
has been meticulously restored.
Historic Buildings: Like many other Free State towns, Koffiefontein also boasts a number of
interesting old buildings such as the Town Hall, which was erected in 1896, St Mark’s
Church, the old Presbyterian Church and the Dutch Reformed Church (all built in the early
1900s), as well as the house in which Mr GSF Rörich, who established the town, lived.
Rörich’s barn, erected in 1877, is the oldest building in town and served first as a barn, then
as a shop, a church and as the town’s first school.
Library: The library exhibits numerous historical items donated by local inhabitants.
Mining traction engine: A mining traction engine used in 1907 during the early mining days
of the town stands at the entrance to the town.
Open-air Museum: The Open-air Museum is situated at the entrance to the town.
Town Monument: A monument, situated on a small hillock behind the school was erected
with funds from local inhabitants to honour local men and women who died during the First
World War. The cannon next to the monument dates back to the same period.
OTHER ATTRACTIONS
Koffiefontein De Beers Mine: This mine, the pride and joy of the town, is considered to be
one of the most technologically advanced low-grade underground diamond mines in the
127

country. The Lookout Post at the mine affords an excellent view over the open mine and its
“Big Hole”.
LUCKHOFF
This town was established on the farm Koffiekuil, in 1892, and named after the Dutch
Reformed minister of Fauresmith, when the new congregation was later officially formed. It
is situated on Road R48, 50 km south of Koffiefontein, in a primarily merino sheep farming
district. Taubie Kushlick, the doyenne of South African theatre, was born here.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: There are numerous farms in the district that offer hunting opportunities. For more
information contact the Municipality.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Church: The Dutch Reformed Church was built in 1892 with stone from
the area.
Gunpowder House: The Gunpowder House dates back to the Anglo-Boer War.
Historic Gas Lamp: The gas lamp in front of the City Hall was used as a streetlight during
bygone times.
Weather Rock: The funny inscriptions, describing the different weather conditions in
Luckhoff, on the “Weather Rock” at the entrance to the town, will hopefully elicit a chuckle
or two; so do pay it a visit.
PETRUSBURG
This little town is situated on the N8 National Road exactly halfway between Bloemfontein
and Kimberley, 80 km from each. The town was named after the original owner of the land
upon which the village was established in 1892. Petrusburg derives its principal income
128

from farming and is one of the largest potato producing areas in the country. The town
hosts a big Potato Festival every two years to commemorate this fact. Emmaus, 20 km
from town, is the most central point in South Africa. Andre Huguenet, the “father” of
Afrikaans theatre, was born and grew up in this town.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Golf: The 9-hole golf course is popular among golfing enthusiasts.
Water sport and angling: Locals make use of the facilities at the Modder River and
Tierpoort Dam, 23 km outside town, for angling, canoeing and power boating opportunities.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Furniture: Several carpenters in this area create beautiful and unique pieces of furniture.
Leather tannery: Shop for beautiful, locally made leather articles at Oom Daantjie Menz’s
leather tannery.
129
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Blockhouses: At the entrance to the
town stand two British-built
blockhouses dating from the Anglo-
Boer War.
Anglo-Boer War Battlefields: Many
battles, such as the Battle of Poplar
Grove, during which the Boer General,
Christiaan De Wet, and his men
concealed themselves in a poplar
grove near town to try to stop the
British from advancing on
Bloemfontein, were fought in this area.
The Paardeberg Anglo-Boer War
Museum and Battlefield is situated 23
km from the town.
Mission Church: The historic little
Mission Church erected on the farm
Kalvedon in 1885 and now a National
monument, was used as a stable by
British troops during the Anglo-Boer
War.
Petrusburg Cemetery: A monument
dedicated to British soldiers was
erected in the cemetery.
Petrusburg Monument: This monument, at the entrance to the town, honours all the citizens
of Petrusburg, both past and present.
NATURAL WONDERS
Saltpans: The vast saltpans in the area produce large amounts of sodium chloride. The
local library has more information on these features.

PHILIPPOLIS
Philippolis was first established in 1823 as a mission station of the London Missionary
Society for San/Khoi-Khoi (later to be known as Griquas) people. It is the oldest settlement
in the Free State. Adam Kok, the famous Griqua leader, and his people settled in the area
in 1826 and he was subsequently appointed protector of the mission. When the
government of the Orange Free State bought the land, Adam Kok and his people left to
start a new life in Griqualand East. Dr John Philip was the London Missionary Society’s
representative, hence the name of the town that was later established here. The renowned
author, Laurens van der Post, who grew up in this town, described the area with its vast
open spaces as “puritanical hills guarding secret water, so that it appears totally unpeopled.”
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Angling and water sport: The nearby Xhariep (Orange) River and the Xhariep and
Vanderkloof Dams offer excellent, angling, boating and other water sport opportunities.
Hiking: Hikers may enquire at the Municipality regarding the "On the trail of the past and the
present" hike/walk through town and the surrounding area.
Horse-drawn cart rides: Book a ride through town on Café Khooa’s horse-drawn cart.
Hunting: There are several farms in the district that offer hunting and game-viewing
facilities.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Fossil Finds: The Phillippolis area is renowned for its rich fossil finds. The recent
discoveries of a fossilised fish thought to have become extinct 240 million years ago, a
fossilised fish bed, reptile fossils and various fossilised footprints again prove that,
impossible as it may seem, this area was once located at the bottom of a large lake.
Rock Art: There are various San rock paintings in the area.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Studio: The town has its own resident artist and child book illustrator, Rina Coetzee.
Visit her studio and gallery in Kok Street but remember to make an appointment first.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Festivals: the town hosts an annual Witblits (Peach Brandy) Festival in April and a Saddle
Horse Show in November.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Birdwatching: More than 200 species of birds, including the blue crane, have been
identified in this area.
Grootfontein Nature Reserve: The private 1 600 ha Grootfontein Nature Reserve caters for
both local inhabitants and international visitors. The reserve is home to some 18 different
species of antelopes, ostriches, warthogs and numerous smaller animals. Grootfontein,
together with several other privately owned farms in the district, also offers hunting facilities
during the hunting season.
Tiger project: Endangered tigers from China are being provided with a home in a nearby
wilderness and conservation area.
130

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Adam Kok House: Adam Kok House, sometimes referred to as Griqua House, was once
the home of the famous Griqua leader, Adam Kok.
Dutch Reformed Church: The Dutch Reformed Church, situated in Voortrekker Street, has
been declared a national monument. The historic pulpit is carved out of wild olive wood.
Emily Hobhouse Spinning and Weaving School: Emily Hobhouse, the famous British
humanitarian, choose Phillippolis as the location of a spinning and weaving school to help
impoverished Boer women after the Anglo-Boer War. Exhibits from the school are on view
at the TransXhariep Museum.
Phillippolis Jail: The old jail, built in 1872, has been lovingly restored and turned into a
guest house. Enjoy a voluntary stay in one of the individual 2 x 3 m cells safely ensconced
behind the jail’s 45 cm thick inner walls and 60 cm thick outer walls, secure in the
knowledge that you may leave in the morning. Several married couples have started their
marriage in an unconventional way by staying in the honeymoon suite at the jail. For those
scared of small spaces, more conventional facilities are also available.
Historic Buildings: There are several historic buildings in and around the town, such as the
Van der Post and Van Rensburg houses, as well as some typical flat-roofed Karoo houses.
TransXhariep Museum: The TransXhariep Museum in Voortrekker Street depicts the
history of the town and its people. Two historic cannons used by the Griquas can be viewed
on a hillock behind the museum.
Van der Post House and Memorial Garden: The ashes of Sir Laurens Jan van der Post,
world-renowned South African author, war hero and naturalist, are kept in the Van der Post
Memorial Garden. The garden, created by design architect, Alida Stewart, has as its central
theme “life as a journey”; the philosophy heralded by Van der Post all through his life. The
Sir Laurens van der Post Artist Retreat Centre is also located here and is a retreat where
artists, writers, photographers and other creative people can unwind and seek new
inspiration. The small museum, also part of the complex, keeps copies of his 25 books and
the desk at which he used to write.
REDDERSBURG
The name of the town means “Town of the Saviour” (the Saviour being Jesus Christ). The
town was established by the Dutch Reformed Church in 1859 and since then its history has
been closely linked to the Church. It was run along strict Christian principles. At one time
even the use of profane language could lead to banishment from the town. Reddersburg
became a municipality in 1894.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Several hunting facilities are available in the Reddersburg district.
Sport: The town has golf, squash and tennis facilities.
Tierpoort Dam: The nearby Tierpoort Dam offers birdwatching, angling, boating and other
water sport opportunities.
131

FAUNA AND FLORA
Crocodile Farm: Make an appointment first before visiting the Crocodile Farm in the
Reddersburg area.
Mooifontein Game Ranch: This 1 200 ha game reserve with its flat, grassy plains and hilly
terrain offers game viewing and trophy hunting coupled with superb accommodation and
hospitality.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Home Industries: There are several enterprising farmers and farmers’ wives in this area,
who bake and sell delicious eats, such as cookies and rusks. Do not leave town before
sampling some.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Mostertshoek Battlefield: Mostertshoek Battlefield where the Boers overwhelmed the British
in the Battle of Mostertshoek in April 1900, lies near the town.
Bethany Mission Station: The Bethany Mission Station about 20 km out of town on the
Wurasoord Road has been given back to the Griqua people who lived there many years
ago. The Mission Church has a beautiful pulpit. There are also two old mission houses and
a mission school on the premises.
Burger Monument: The Burger Monument in front of the Reformed Church is dedicated to
fallen Boer soldiers from the Reddersburg area.
Centenary Monument: The Centenary Monument was erected in 1938 to commemorate the
Great Trek.
De Wet Obelisk: An obelisk was erected in honour of General Christiaan De Wet, the Boer
commander, who succeeded in capturing an entire British column at Reddersburg during
the Anglo-Boer War. The Small Paardekraal Monument, erected in response to his last
public address on the farm Wolwas in 1920, forms part of this monument .
Historic Churches: The two sandstone churches, namely the Reformed and Dutch
Reformed Churches, are prominent landmarks in the town. Both were built with stone from
local quarries. The Reformed Church was designed by Gerhard Moerdyk and boasts a
unique interior design.
School Building: The little school built in the town in 1900 has been declared a National
monument.
Old Jail: The town’s original jail stands behind the present Police Station Building and is
open for viewing.
Postma Building: This beautifully preserved building belongs to the Reformed Church and
was erected in 1863 as a church building. It subsequently did duty as a hospital during the
Basotho War and as a place of safety for women, children and the aged during the Anglo-
Boer War. Today, it harbours a museum depicting the history of the church and parish.
Postma Grave: The grave of the Reverend W Postma, much loved cleric and founder of
the church and also an enthusiastic proponent of the Afrikaans language, is in the
town’s cemetery. Amonument commemorating his and others’ efforts to support the use
and development of Afrikaans was erected next to the National Road in 1975.
132

Republic Monument: This small monument commemorates the day (31 May 1961) that
South Africa became a Republic.
ROUXVILLE
Rouxville, one of the smallest towns in the province is situated next to the N6 National
Road between Johannesburg and East London. It was established on the farm Zuurbult in
1863 and named after the Reverend Pieter Roux of Smithfield who, for ten years, visited
towns in the Eastern Free State to conduct church services. The town was completely
deserted for two years during the Anglo-Boer War because Lord Roberts sent all the town’s
inhabitants to a concentration camp established near the Kraai River. Today, this small
town has a hotel and guest house and is well known for its hospitality, wool production and
the breeding of Afrikaner cattle and saddle horses.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Adventure and water sport: Horse riding, hiking and 4x4 routes have been laid out on
private farms in the district and some of them also offer canoeing and angling. Contact the
Municipality for more information.
Angling: The well-stocked Kalkoenkrans Dam is a popular local angling venue.
Jan Smuts Nature Trail: This trail offers hiking, canoeing and horse-riding routes through
rough terrain, past aloe-covered cliffs, indigenous forests and the Xhariep (Orange) River.
There are three circular routes to follow: a 6 km, 22 km and 31 km route. All start and end
at a beautifully restored 1867 farmhouse, some 25 km south of Rouxville.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: San etchings and paintings can be viewed on various farms (Koesberg,
Houtberg, Elandsberg, Diepkloof and Sterkstroom) in the district.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Guest Farms: Enjoy the generosity and hospitality of the people on the three guest farms
(Zeekoeigat, Badplaas and Beestekraal), where visitors may enjoy a truly unique Free
State “farm” experience.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Dutch Reformed Church: The historic Dutch Reformed Church has an impressive pulpit
(designed by Anton Anreith) and organ – the latter is one of only three of its kind in the
country and was shipped in from overseas and carted to the town by ox wagon. The church
has been declared a National monument and is the oldest church north of the Xhariep
(Orange River) that is still in use.
133

Grave of Johanna Van der Merwe: Johanna van der Merwe was a Voortrekker heroine,
who survived 22 assegai (light spear) wounds by climbing into a tree and feigning death,
during an attack by Zulu warriors. One of the South African Navy’s submarines was named
after her.
Great Trek Burger Monument: Rouxville also has a monument dedicated to the
"Voortrekkers”, men and women who risked their lives to try and find a new homeland in
the inhospitable interior of the country.
Historic Buildings: There are two very old sandstone buildings in the town that remind us of
the architecture and building styles of the past. One was used by a farmer on an outlying
farm as a “town” home (home away from home) and the other as a shop in bygone days.
On the farm Klipplaatsdrift the ruins of the original hartbeeshuisie (wattle-and-daub
homestead) of the first resident who settled in this area can be seen.
Historic graves: The graves of 40 Voortrekker children who died of diphtheria during the
Great Trek and had to be buried on the spot can be seen on the farm Ramases. The
graves of two of the town’s earliest residents, a Mr and Mrs Fouché, who lived in the area
even before the Great Trek took place, are located on a farm approximately 20 km from
town.
SMITHFIELD
Smithfield, one of the oldest towns in the Free State, was established in 1848 on the farm
Waterval. Two important tourist routes, one linking Bloemfontein with East London in the
Eastern Cape Province (N6) and the other linking Cape Town with Durban, meet and cross
near the town. The town was named after Sir Harry Smith - Governor of the Cape Colony at
the time. The area was the scene of much fighting between the early Free State settlers
and Basotho tribes.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: Several hiking trails can be followed in this area, for example, the two-day, 24-km
Stokstert Trail in the Caledon Conservancy. Overnight accommodation is provided in
bungalows along the trail. Other hikes include the Grootkloof and Hamolapo Trails.
Water sport and angling: Angling, power boating and windsurfing are popular pastimes on
Smithfield Dam.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: Some caves near Smithfield bear proud witness to San occupation of the
area some 1 000 years ago. The cave walls are adorned with paintings and etchings.
ART AND CRAFTS
Biba’s Art and Crafts: Visit Biba’s to browse and buy an interesting range of art and crafts.
Little Gallery: Little Gallery has an interesting collection of local art and crafts for sale.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Letsatsi Game Lodge: The lodge offers opportunities, such as game drives, birdwatching
and hiking excursions, as well as luxury overnight accommodation and a tented camp.
Welgegund Nature Reserve Conservancy: Enjoy horse riding, walking/hiking or just a
peaceful picnic at this reserve.
134

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Basotho War Memorial: This memorial in front of the Town Hall was erected in honour of
those who lost their lives during the Basotho War.
Caledon River Museum: The museum depicts the history of the Free State. Exhibits include
an eighteenth century kitchen and a wool washery dating back to 1866. “Old Grietjie”, the
ship’s cannon named after the wife of gunner Robert Finlay that was used during the
Basotho Wars to bombard the fort of Thaba Bosiu, is also housed on the property. Two
gunners who were involved in the inauguration ceremony were killed when they peered
down the barrel after lighting the fuse.
French Mission Station: Carmel, a former French Mission Station, situated 43 km southwest
of the town, can be visited by appointment only.
Karoo House: Karoo House, now a guest house, has been declared a National monument.
Leeukop Farm: The Anglo-Boer War hero, General Christiaan De Wet, was born on the
farm Leeukop, near Smithfield.
Ox wagon: An old ox wagon stands among willow trees and flowers on Juanaplein (Juana
was the Spanish-born wife of the then Governor of the Cape, Sir Henry Smith) at the
intersection of Voortrekker and President Hoffman Streets.
Police Station: The elegant old sandstone police station is well worth a visit, especially to
view the arched portico.
Roberts War Memorial: This memorial was erected in honour of Lord Roberts, who
commanded the British forces in this area during the Anglo-Boer War.
Traacha Wool Washing Works: Traacha was established in 1874 as a wool-washing
works and wheat mill. In 1894 when the farm was sold, the works were vacated and the
ensuing years brought about decay and disintegration. All that now remains is a crumbling
brick tower.
SPRINGFONTEIN
This small, railway junction town owes its name to the strong artesian spring on the farm
Springfontein. It is situated 150 km south-west of Bloemfontein on National Road N1. The
railway lines from Port Elizabeth and East London (in the Eastern Cape) to Gauteng
converge here. The town’s history is closely associated with the Anglo-Boer War and the
concentration camp erected east of the town.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hiking: Contact the Municipality for more information about the Sooifontein and
Rondefontein hiking trails.
Hunting: Hunting on private game farms in the district commences with the start of the
hunting season.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
San Rock Art: The San petroglyphs (engravings) in the area date back approximately 1 000
years.
135

HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglo-Boer War Blockhouses: Little remains but the foundations of the British blockhouses
built next to the railway line during the Anglo-Boer War.
Anglo-Boer War Concentration Camp: The Anglo-Boer War concentration camp was
established east of town. In 1901 it was hit by a heavy snowstorm that severely damaged
the already flimsy tents that housed the women and children. The death rate in this camp
was particularly high: a total of 704 people, mainly children, having died here.
Concentration Camp Cemetery: More than 700 Boer and 300 British casualties of the
Anglo-Boer War lie buried in the Concentration Camp Cemetery, together with the other
casualties of war. Unbaptised child victims of the concentration camp lie buried in a
separate cemetery.
De Bome House: Emily Hobhouse stayed over in the De Bome house on her visits to
Springfontein. Her humanitarian work in the concentration camps necessitated regular
visits to the town.
Great Trek Memorials: Memorials and Ox Wagon Tracks, commemorate the centenary
celebrations of the Great Trek of 1838.
Historic Washing Stone: The original washing stone used by inmates of the concentration
camp, now a monument, serves as a reminder of the awful conditions that Boer women
and children suffered in the camp.
TROMPSBURG
The small town of Trompsburg, 122 km south-west of Bloemfontein, was established in
1892 on a farm belonging to two brothers, Jan and Bastiaan Tromp. Another famous
resident of this small town was the Afrikaans author, Karel Schoeman. Today, the town is
the hub of a busy merino sheep-farming area.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Hunting: Hunting is allowed on some farms in the district. Contact the Municipality for more
information.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art and crafts: Art and crafts articles, such as woodwork, paper and soap sculptures as well
as needlework are on sale in the town.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Boomplaas Battlefield: The Boomplaas Battlefield site is situated some 24 km north-west of
the town, along the Jagersfontein Road.
Great Trek Centenary: An obelisk in the main street commemorates the centenary
celebrations of the Voortrekker Great Trek that took place in 1838.
Model Firearms: Meticulously made scale models of historic firearms can be viewed on the
farm Boesmansfontein.
Shearing Barn: The country’s second largest shearing barn is situated near town.
Stone Wall: An 11-km stone wall built by hand, can be seen in the vicinity of town.
136

ZASTRON
Zastron was laid out on JH du Winnaar’s farm Verliesfontein in 1876 and was named after
the wife of Free State President, Johannes Brand. Renier du Winnaar, brother of the owner
and a superb storyteller, became a legend in the area – the Rip van Winkle of Zastron. His
stories, mostly about his brushes with the supernatural, have become part of South Africa's
myths and legends. One of his most outrageous stories concerns the famous "Eye of
Zastron", a hole 9 m in diameter, in a cliff on the slopes of the Aasvoëlberg (Vulture
Mountain) and how the mountain acquired its "big hole". His grave lies at the foot of
Eeufeeskloof. This area was also a favourite haunt of the San. They lived here long before
the Basotho and Voortrekkers arrived on the scene and left a treasured legacy of San rock
paintings and engravings for us to enjoy.
ADVENTURE AND SPORT
Cycling: Contact the Information Centre in town for more information on cycling routes.
Hiking: Hikers can test their endurance on the Aasvoëlberg Hiking Trail or one of the other
trails such as Die Kloof and Quaggafontein trails on the farms of private landowners.
Horse riding: Various opportunities for horse riding exist. The Quaggafontein Horse Trail is
a popular choice and overnight options are available.
Hunting: Farms in the vicinity of the town offer hunting in season.
Montagu Dam: Montagu Dam is ideal for water sport, picnicking and camping. The dam is
situated approximately 8 km from the town on the Sterkspruit Road.
Trout-fishing: The Eeufeeskloof Dam Resort lies to the west of the town and is often
frequented by trout fishermen.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY
Rock Art: A cave on Glen Rosa Farm houses a 5m-high, perfectly preserved polychrome
San rock art frieze considered to be one of the world’s most important pieces of historic
artwork. The Hippopotamus Cave derived its name from the many drawings of hippo on its
walls. The cave has also yielded the remains of San cooking utensils and many potsherds.
ART AND CRAFTS
Art Gallery: The art gallery in Main Street has several exquisite works of art for sale.
Palaver Hut Museum: The Palaver Hut Museum has a collection of West African tribal art
on display.
ENTERTAINMENT AND SHOPPING
Farm holidays: Some farmers in the district have opened up their homes for tourists. Farm
holidays include activities typically associated with farming, as well as adventure activities,
such as hiking and horse riding.
FAUNA AND FLORA
Cape Vultures: Aasvoëlberg, with its strange circular rock formations also referred to as the
“Eye of Zastron”, is the only place in the Southern Free State where Cape Vultures are
found.
137

Eeufeeskloof: Eeufeeskloof to the west of the town, offers breathtaking views of the town
and surroundings.
HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE
Anglo-Boer War Monument: The Anglo-Boer War Monument is situated in front of the
Dutch Reformed Church.
Battlefield: The 2 072-m high Vechtkop Peak, site of the battlefield where Louw Wepener
defeated the Basotho chief, Poshudi, in 1849, lies immediately east of the town.
Cable Car: The cable car, built in 1957 by Charles Moss, was used to enter the mountain
kingdom of Lesotho.
Historical Grave: The grave of JH Du Winnaar, founder of the town, is located in Chase
Street.
NATURAL WONDERS
Eye of Zastron: The Eye is a nine-metre hole in the rock beneath the summit of Aasvoëlberg
(“Vulture Mountain”). This natural wonder was most probably caused by erosion.
138

SOURCES
Bulpin, TV. 1999. Majestic Southern A: land of beauty and splendour. Cape Town:
Reader’s Digest.
Free State: the winning province. 1997. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publishers.
Free State Prov Government Website: http://www.freestateprovince.co.za
Getaway’s Top Ten. 1998. Cape Town: Reader’s Digest.
Off the beaten track: selected day drives in Southern Africa. 1987. Cape Town: AA The
Motorist Publications.
Reader’s Digest Illustrated Guide to Southern Africa. 1982. Cape Town: Reader’s Digest.
Southern Africa from the highway. 1991. Cape Town: AA The Motorist Publications.
Brochures and personal correspondence were received from:
Bothaville: Maize Capital Tourism Forum
Ficksburg Cherry Festival Committee and Ficksburg Tourism Association
Free State Women’s Agricultural Union: Various tourism brochures and unpublished
manuscripts were obtained from the Free State Women’s Agricultural Union.
Hoopstad Sakekamer
Jacobsdal Historical Society
Koffiefontein Tourism and D C McGill
Kroonstad Municipality and De Wet Nel High School
Memel Getaways Information Centre
Parys Info Centre: http:www.parysinfo.co.za
Reitz-Petsana Information Office/Entrepreneurs Forum
Rouxville Information Centre
139