Front Matter (PDF) - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Front Matter (PDF) - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Front Matter (PDF) - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
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McCarey et al.<br />
Polack and Sugar<br />
Albert et al.<br />
Kreuger et al<br />
Binder et al.<br />
Green et al.<br />
Jampol etal.<br />
Katz et al.<br />
Malik et al.<br />
Levy<br />
Wickham and Worthen<br />
van Alphen<br />
Chen and Chylack<br />
Kurzel and Heinrikson<br />
JUNE 1976 Vol. 15/6<br />
A journal of Clinical and Basic Research<br />
Official Publication of the Association for<br />
Research in Vision and <strong>Ophthalmology</strong><br />
Phacoemulsification, 449<br />
Phacoemulsification, 458<br />
Herpes hominis keratitis therapy, 470<br />
Lacrimal gland sialic acid, 479<br />
Oxytocic antibodies, 481<br />
Stromal sodium binding, 484<br />
Nitrogen mustard, 486<br />
Timolol ophthalmic solution, 489<br />
Isoproterenol and norepinephrine, 492<br />
Axoplasmic transport, 495<br />
Pericanalicular region, 499<br />
Intraocular adrenergic receptors, 502<br />
Lens phosphofructokinase, 505<br />
Ocular bilirubin, 509<br />
The C.V. Mosby Company<br />
INOPAO 15 (6) 443-512 (1976) A
Severe ocular inflammation<br />
calls for potent therapy...<br />
The basis for a rational choice between<br />
FML® (fluorometholone) and Pred Forte® (prednisolone acetate) 1%<br />
When to use a potent steroid. If not treated<br />
promptly and effectively, ocular inflammation is<br />
at best painful and unsightly. At worst, it's<br />
potentially damaging to the patient's vision. The<br />
more severe the inflammatory condition, the<br />
greater the need for therapeutic potency. For<br />
example, FML and Pred Forte provide the high<br />
level of anti-inflammatory activity needed to<br />
effectively treat even the most severe steroid<br />
responsive inflammation of the palpebral and<br />
bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment<br />
of the globe.<br />
The basic rationale behind the use of potent<br />
ophthalmic steroids such as FML and Pred<br />
Forte is to maintain functional integrity of the<br />
eye. In general, as long as evidence of active<br />
inflammation persists, it may be hazardous to<br />
discontinue steroid therapy. Use of potent<br />
steroids may in fact help preserve the ocular<br />
structure. 1<br />
When not to use potent steroids. Despite<br />
their usefulness, there are times when potent<br />
steroids (and mild ones too, for that matter)<br />
should be used with extreme caution-or not at<br />
all. It is generally agreed that untreated purulent<br />
infections, most viral diseases and ocular<br />
fungal infestations should be considered as<br />
contraindications to the use of these agents.<br />
Indications and methods of use. Either FML<br />
or Pred Forte may be used to treat moderately<br />
severe to severe steroid responsive inflammatory<br />
conditions such as iritis, uveitis, iridocyclitis,<br />
episcleritis and resistant ocular allergy. In addition,<br />
data 2 made available recently attest to the<br />
usefulness of FML in long-term treatment of<br />
inflammation following cataract removal and<br />
keratoplasty. The patient photos to the right<br />
demonstrate the effectiveness of both FML and<br />
Pred Forte in severe ocular inflammation.<br />
The usual method of administering either FML<br />
or Pred Forte is to instill one or two drops into<br />
the conjunctival sac two to four times a day.<br />
But to provide maximum therapeutic effectiveness<br />
when the severity of the inflammation dictates,<br />
the dosage can be safely increased to two<br />
drops every hour during the first 24 to 48 hours.<br />
Seminais<br />
l~ IVIL_ (fluorometholone) 0.1% Liquifilm® Sterile Ophthalmic Suspension<br />
ACTIONS Inhibition of the inflammatory response to inciting<br />
agents of mechanical, chemical or immunological nature. No<br />
generally accepted explanation of this steroid property has<br />
been advanced. Adrenocorticosteroids and their derivatives<br />
are capable of producing a rise in intraocular pressure. In<br />
clinical studies on patients' eyes treated with both dexamethasone<br />
and fluorometholone, fluorometholone demonstrated<br />
a lower propensity to increase intraocular pressure than did<br />
dexamethasone. INDICATIONS For steroid responsive inflammation<br />
of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and<br />
anterior segment of the globe. CONTRAINDICATIONS Acute<br />
superficial herpes simplex keratitis. Fungal diseases of ocular<br />
structures. Vaccinia, varicella and most other viral diseases of<br />
the cornea and conjunctiva. Tuberculosis of the eye. Hypersensitivity<br />
to the constituents of this medication. WARNINGS<br />
Steroid medication in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis<br />
(involving the stroma) requires great caution; frequent slitlamp<br />
microscopy is mandatory. Prolonged use may result in<br />
glaucoma, damage to the optic nerve, defects in visual acuity<br />
and fields of vision, posterior subcapsuiar cataract formation,<br />
or may aid in the establishment of secondary ocular infections<br />
from fungi or viruses liberated from ocular tissue. In those<br />
diseases causing thinning of the cornea or solera, perforation<br />
has been known to occur with use of topical steroids. Acute<br />
purulent untreated infection of the eye may be masked or<br />
activity enhanced by presence of steroid medication. Safety<br />
and effectiveness have not been demonstrated in children of<br />
the age group 2 years or below. Use In Pregnancy: Safety of<br />
the use of topical steroids during pregnancy has not been<br />
established. PRECAUTIONS As fungal infections of the cornea<br />
are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term<br />
local steroid applications, fungus invasion must be suspected<br />
in any persistent corneal ulceration where a steroid has been<br />
used or is in use. Intraocular pressure should be checked<br />
frequently. ADVERSE REACTIONS Glaucoma with optic nerve<br />
damage, visual acuity or field defects, posterior subcapsular<br />
cataract formation, secondary ocular infection from pathogens<br />
liberated from ocular tissues, perforation of the globe. DOSAGE<br />
AND ADMINISTRATION 1 to 2 drops instilled into the conjunctival<br />
sac two to four times daily. During the initial 24 to 48 hours<br />
the dosage may be safely increased to 2 drops every hour.<br />
Care should be taken not to discontinue therapy prematurely.
FME<br />
PredFbrte<br />
(fluorometholone) (prednisolone acetate) 1%<br />
FML vs Pred Forte: A choice. Both FML and Pred Forte work. FML has been shown to have<br />
less propensity than dexamethasone to raise IOR And recent animal data 3 indicate that Pred Forte<br />
exhibits maximal corneal penetration, through intact epithelium, compared to commonly used<br />
steroid phosphate and alcohol derivatives. So when potent anti-inflammatory activity is required<br />
and your clinical judgement anticipates something beyond short-term therapy, FML appears to be<br />
the drug of choice. But for severe disorders where safety is less of a concern, Pred Forte<br />
provides a potent alternative to FML.<br />
Potency you can see<br />
y<br />
Patient CH. White male. Age 46. Acute episcleritis secondary<br />
to rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment started 2/24: FML one<br />
drop every hour for 48 hours then one drop every two hours<br />
for 36 hours then one drop every four hours thereafter<br />
r<br />
Patient CH on 3/9. FML therapy stopped.<br />
References<br />
1. Leopold, I.H. The steroid shield in ophthalmology, Trans<br />
Amer Acad Ophth & Oto 71:273-289, 1967,<br />
2. Castroviejo, R. Data presented at 79th American<br />
Academy of <strong>Ophthalmology</strong> and Ototaryngology, Dallas,<br />
Oct. 1974.<br />
Patient LV. White male. Age 57. Acute episcleritis. Treatment<br />
started 2/27: Pred Forte one drop every hour for 48 hours<br />
then one drop every two hours for 36 hours then one drop<br />
every four hours thereafter; warm compresses and<br />
scopolamine ointment twice daily.<br />
Patient LV on 3/12. Pred Forte therapy stopped.<br />
3. Leibowitz, Howard M., Data presented at 79th American<br />
Academy of <strong>Ophthalmology</strong> and Ototaryngology, Dallas,<br />
Oct. 1974.<br />
Photos by Dr. Ira Abrahamson, Cincinnati, Ohio<br />
Pred Forte' (prednisolone acetate) 1% Sterile Ophthalmic Suspension<br />
INDICATIONS For steroid responsive inflammation of the<br />
palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment<br />
of the globe. CONTRAINDICATIONS Acute untreated purulent<br />
ocular infections, acute superficial herpes simplex (dendritic<br />
keratitis), vaccinia, varicella and most other viral diseases of<br />
the cornea and conjunctiva, ocular tuberculosis, and fungal<br />
diseases of the eye, and sensitivity to any components of the<br />
formulation. WARNINGS 1. In those diseases causing thinning<br />
of the cornea, perforation has been reported with the use of<br />
topical steroids. 2. Since PRED FORTE® contains no antimicrobial,<br />
if infection is present appropriate measures must be taken<br />
to counteract the organisms involved. 3. Acute purulent infections<br />
of the eye may be masked or enhanced by the use of<br />
topical steroids. 4. Use of steroid medication in the presence<br />
of stromal herpes simplex requires caution and should be<br />
followed by frequent mandatory slit-lamp microscopy. 5. As<br />
fungal infections of the cornea have been reported coincidentally<br />
with long-term local steroid applications, fungal invasion<br />
may be suspected in any persistent corneal ulceration<br />
where a steroid has been used, or is in use. 6. Use of topical<br />
corticosteroids may cause increased intraocular pressure in<br />
certain individuals.This may result in damage to the optic nerve<br />
with defects in the visual fields. It is advisable that the intraocular<br />
pressure be checked frequently. 7. Use in Pregnancy-<br />
Safety of intensive or protracted use of topical steroids during<br />
pregnancy has not been substantiated. PRECAUTIONS Posterior<br />
subcapsular cataract formation has been reported after<br />
heavy or protracted use of topical ophthalmic corticosteroids.<br />
Patients with histories of herpes simplex keratitis should be<br />
treated with caution. ADVERSE REACTIONS Increased intraocular<br />
pressure, with optic nerve damage, defects in the visual<br />
fields. Also posterior subcapsular cataract formation, secondary<br />
ocular infections from fungi or viruses liberated from<br />
ocular tissues, and perforation of the globe when used in conditions<br />
where there is thinning of the cornea o r sclera. Systemic<br />
side effects may occur with extensive use of steroids. DOSAGE<br />
AND ADMINISTRATION 1 to 2 drops instilled into the conjunctival<br />
sac two to four times daily. During the initial 24 to 48 hours<br />
the dosage may be safely increased to 2 drops every hour.<br />
Care should be taken not to discontinue therapy prematurely.<br />
Irvine Califaria/PohteClaire,P.Q.,Canada
Novascan: the User's SEM<br />
Zeiss introduces Novascan, an SEM with 100A edge resolution<br />
guaranteed, magnification from 5X to 150.000X,<br />
and accelerating voltages of 1-5, 15, and 30kV. Like all<br />
Zeiss electron microscopes, its design reflects first and<br />
foremost the needs of the user:<br />
The most accessible<br />
chamber<br />
Novascan is the only SEM with true access to the chamber<br />
from above. It opens automatically at the touch of a<br />
button, accepts the largest of samples, lets you optimize the<br />
positions of specimen and detectors with ease. Since it has<br />
more ports than any other SEM, you can permanently attach<br />
additional detectors or accessories, e.g. an X-ray analyzer of<br />
your choice. And the large 5-axis goniometer stage is permanently<br />
mounted for utmost stability.<br />
The finest TV image<br />
You won't believe the quality of the TV image until you<br />
see it. Use it at high magnifications for critical focusing, at<br />
low magnifications for specimen orientation. Then switch for<br />
recording to the high-resolution CRT that's combined with the<br />
built-in push-button controlled camera.<br />
The most attractive price<br />
For under $40,000, you get features you'd never expect.<br />
Besides the secondary electron mode, standard are also the<br />
back-scattered and cathodoluminescence electron modes—as<br />
are signal inversion, reduced raster, 90° scan rotation, X-Y<br />
±20 micron scan shift, and gamma contrast enhancement.<br />
There is also a full line of accessories for special applications.<br />
For complete details, write or call today.<br />
Nationwide service<br />
Carl Zeiss, Inc., 444 5th Avenue, N.Y., N.Y. 10018 (212) 730-4400. Branches in: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Columbus, Houston,<br />
Los Angeles. San Francisco. Washington. D.C. In Canada: 45 Vallevbrook Drive. Don Mills. Ont.. M3B 2S6. Or call (416) 449-4660.
Page 4<br />
[ Ophttialmid<br />
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iflill<br />
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Sodium Chloride<br />
MURO OINTMENT NO. 128 / SUPPLIED 1/8 02.<br />
An ointment of hypertonic sodium chloride solution in a<br />
base of lanolin, liquid petrolatum and white petrolatum.<br />
Apply to conjuctiva at bedtime.<br />
TO REDUCE CORNEAL EDEMA<br />
Murocoll Methylcellulose<br />
4000 cps 0.9%<br />
with Sodium Chloride 5%<br />
MUROCOLL PRODUCT NO. 4 / SUPPLIED 15cc and 30cc<br />
A hypertonic solution of sodium chloride with methylcellulose.<br />
Preservatives - methylparaben and propylparaben.<br />
TO REDUCE CORNEAL EDEMA: 1 or 2 drops in affected<br />
eye 3 times a day or as directed by the physician.<br />
MURO preparations are available to all pharmacies and<br />
hospitals through their drug wholesaler.<br />
Complete ophthalmologic formulary available on request.<br />
Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription.<br />
MURO PHARMACAL LABORATORIES, INC.<br />
121 Liberty Street • Quincy, Mass. 02169<br />
Area Code 617 • 479 2680
The new<br />
generation of<br />
disposable<br />
cryoextractors<br />
Reliability is the keynote of the all new 2001.<br />
Eight proven design changes project the<br />
2001 into a totally new product generation.<br />
The 2OOFs unique 10 second delayed<br />
response feature allows you to go on warm for<br />
maximal adherence and ice ball formation. It is<br />
the only simple disposable with this singular<br />
advantage of warm or cold contact. With a running<br />
time in excess of two minutes you have<br />
ample margin time to compensate for any minor<br />
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The 2001 has the advantage of being a<br />
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container with a spout or delivery tube.<br />
Of CONNECTICUT INCORPORATED<br />
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Topcon Advances Projection Perimetry<br />
Another Important Step.<br />
The SBP-11 is recognized for its<br />
accuracy and ease of operation in<br />
critical perimetry field testing because<br />
of our constant monitoring for improvements<br />
made possible through new<br />
technological developments.<br />
One such improved feature on the<br />
SBP-11 is a new device for occluding<br />
the target. Its smoothness and silence<br />
enables the operator to achieve optimum<br />
accuracy of measurements.<br />
TOPCON SBP-11<br />
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Other significant advantages of the<br />
SBP-11 include:<br />
• Reproducible environmental conditions<br />
for accuracy in subsequent<br />
examinations.<br />
• Constant monitoring of patient's<br />
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• Automatic recording probe with manual<br />
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These features combined with a reasonable price and IMMEDIATE<br />
AVAILABILITY should make the Topcon SBP-11 your first choice for keeping<br />
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For uninterrupted control of I.O.R<br />
...never more than one or two instillations<br />
Page 10<br />
Scanning electron microscopy of<br />
primate trobecular meshwork (XOOO):<br />
Viewed here is Schlemm's canal<br />
along with uveal and corneoscleral<br />
meshwork. (Photo courtesy<br />
Douglas R. Anderson, M.D.]<br />
This area is the site of the prime<br />
pathologic changes which are<br />
responsible for glaucoma and the<br />
focus of most of the medical<br />
procedures for treatment of the disease.
Because PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE is long-acting, it can help provide<br />
uninterrupted control of intraocular pressure in chronic simple [open-angle)<br />
glaucoma or glaucoma secondary to aphakia. Just one or, at most,<br />
two instillations of PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE (one at bedtime, and, if necessary,<br />
one in the morning) are generally needed.<br />
Although PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE is longer-acting than other miotics,<br />
it is not more potent. With four concentrations available, it offers a high degree of<br />
dosage flexibility for uninterrupted control of intraocular pressure... used alone<br />
or in combination with other medication.<br />
When starting PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE therapy 0.03%-the lowest strength -<br />
is the logical choice. If strengths of 0.06%, 0.125%, or 0.25% are required,<br />
the initial use of the 0.03% will be helpful in smoothing the transition.<br />
PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE' BE5K3&<br />
(echothiophate iodide for ophthalmic solution)<br />
See next page of advertisement lor prescribing information<br />
Page 11
PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE<br />
®<br />
(echothiophate iodide)<br />
in the management of<br />
chronic simple (open-angle)<br />
glaucoma or glaucoma<br />
secondary to aphakia<br />
BRIEF SUMMARY<br />
(For full prescribing information, see package circular]<br />
PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE"<br />
(ECHOTHIOPHATE IODIDE FOR OPHTHALMIC SOLUTION)<br />
PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor<br />
for topical use.<br />
Indications: Glaucoma-Chronic open-angle glaucoma. Subacute<br />
or chronic angle-closure glaucoma after iridectomy or<br />
where surgery is refused or contraindicated. Certain non-uveitic<br />
secondary types of glaucoma, especially glaucoma following<br />
cataract surgery.<br />
Accommodative esotropia-Concomitant esotropias with a<br />
significant accommodative component.<br />
Contraindications: 1. Active uveal inflammation.<br />
2. Most cases of angle-closure glaucoma, due to the possibility<br />
of increasing angle block.<br />
3. Hypersensitiyity to the active or inactive ingredients.<br />
Warnings: 1. Use in Pregnancy: Safe use of anticholinesterase<br />
medications during pregnancy has not been established, nor<br />
has the absence of adverse effects on the fetus or on the<br />
respiration of the neonate.<br />
2. Succinylcholine should be administered only with great<br />
caution, if at all, prior to or during general anesthesia to patients<br />
receiving anticholinesterase medication because of possible<br />
respiratory or cardiovascular collapse.<br />
3. Caution should be observed in treating glaucoma with<br />
PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE in patients who are at the same time<br />
undergoing treatment with systemic anticholinesterase medications<br />
for myasthenia gravis, because of possible adverse<br />
additive effects.<br />
Precautions: 1. Gonioscopy is recommended prior to initiation<br />
of therapy.-<br />
2. Where there is a quiescent uveitis or a history of this condition,<br />
anticholinesterase therapy should be avoided or used<br />
cautiously because of the intense and persistent miosis and<br />
ciliary muscle contraction that may occur.<br />
3. While systemic effects are infrequent, proper use of the<br />
drug requires digital compression of the nasolacrimal ducts for<br />
a minute or two following instillation to minimize drainage into<br />
the nasal chamber with its extensive absorption area. The hands<br />
should be washed immediately following instillation.<br />
4. Temporary discontinuance of medication is necessary if<br />
salivation, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, profuse sweating,<br />
muscle weakness, respiratory difficulties, or cardiac irregularities<br />
occur.<br />
5. Patients receiving PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE who are exposed<br />
to carbamate or organophosphate type insecticides and<br />
pesticides (professional gardeners, farmers, workers in plants<br />
manufacturing or formulating such products, etc.) should be<br />
Page 12<br />
warned of the additive systemic effects possible from absorption<br />
of the pesticide through the respiratory tract or skin. During<br />
periods of exposure to such pesticides, the wearing of respiratory<br />
masks, and frequent washing and clothing changes<br />
may be advisable.<br />
6. Antichqlinesterase drugs should be used with extreme caution,<br />
if at all, in patients with marked vagotonia, bronchial<br />
asthma, spastic gastrointestinal disturbances, peptic ulcer, pronounced<br />
bradycardia and hypotension, recent myocardial infarction,<br />
epilepsy, parkinsonism, and other disorders that may<br />
respond adversely to vagotonic effects.<br />
7. Anticholinesterase drugs should be employed prior to<br />
ophthalmic surgery only as a considered risk because of the<br />
possible occurrence of hyphema.<br />
8. PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE (echothiophate iodide) should be<br />
used with great caution, if at all, where there is a prior history of<br />
retinal detachment.<br />
Adverse Reactions: 1. Although the relationship, if any, of retinal<br />
detachment to the administration of PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE<br />
has not been established, retinal detachment has been reported<br />
in a few cases during the use of PHOSPHOLINE IODIDE in<br />
adult patients without a previous history of this disorder.<br />
2. Stinging, burning, lacrimation, lid muscle twitching, conjunctival<br />
and ciliary redness, browache, induced myopia with<br />
visual blurring may occur.<br />
3. Activation of latent iritis or uveitis may occur.<br />
4. Iris cysts may form, and if treatment is continued, may<br />
enlarge and obscure vision. This occurrence is more frequent<br />
in children. The cysts usually shrink upon discontinuance of<br />
the medication, reduction in strength of the drops or frequency<br />
of instillation. Rarely, they may rupture or break free into the<br />
aqueous. Regular examinations are advisable when the drug is<br />
being prescribed for the treatment of accommodative esotropia.<br />
5. Prolonged use may cause conjunctival thickening, obstruction<br />
of nasolacrimal canals.<br />
6. Lens opacities occurring in patients under anticholinesterase<br />
therapy have been reported; routine examinations should<br />
accompany prolonged use.<br />
7. Paradoxical increase in intraocular pressure may follow<br />
anticholinesterase instillation. This may be alleviated by prescribing<br />
a sympathomimetic mydriatic such as phenylephrine.<br />
Overdosage: Antidotes are atropine, 2 mg parenterally;<br />
PROTOPAM" CHLORIDE (pralidoxime chloride), 25 mg per kg<br />
intravenously; artificial respiration should be given if necessary.<br />
How Supplied: Four potencies are available. 1.5 mg package<br />
for dispensing 0.03% solution; 3.0 mg package for 0.06% solution;<br />
6.25 mg package for 0.125% solution; 12.5 mg package<br />
for 0.25% solution. Also contains potassium acetate (sodium<br />
hydroxide or acetic acid may have been incorporated to adjust<br />
pH during manufacturing), chlorobutanol (chloral derivative),<br />
mannitol, boric acid and exsiccated sodium phosphate.<br />
7630<br />
The Ophthalmos Division<br />
AYERST LABORATORIES<br />
New York, N.Y. 10017
investigative ophthalmology<br />
A Journal of Clinical and Basic Research<br />
Official Publication of the Association for Research in Vision and <strong>Ophthalmology</strong><br />
EDITOR<br />
Herbert E. Kaufman, M.D.<br />
Professor of <strong>Ophthalmology</strong> and Pharmacology<br />
College of Medicine, University of Florida<br />
Gainesville, Florida 32610<br />
Manuscripts<br />
Address correspondence related to manuscripts<br />
to the Editor, Herbert E. Kaufman, M.D., Department<br />
of <strong>Ophthalmology</strong>, College of Medicine,<br />
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601.<br />
Scope and selection. <strong>Investigative</strong> <strong>Ophthalmology</strong><br />
is intended to convey information to those interested<br />
in all areas of vision research. We welcome<br />
the submission of manuscripts describing<br />
laboratory and clinical investigations of the eye<br />
and the visual processes. Papers submitted for<br />
publication should be original and should not be<br />
submitted for publication elsewhere. Papers submitted<br />
by non-members of the Association for<br />
Research in Vision and <strong>Ophthalmology</strong> will be<br />
given equal consideration. Papers should be<br />
written in English and contributed solely to<br />
<strong>Investigative</strong> <strong>Ophthalmology</strong>. Preference will be<br />
given to timely reports, to manuscripts of 2,000<br />
words or less (approximately eight double-spaced<br />
typewritten pages), and to reports of broadest<br />
general interest.<br />
Statements and opinions expressed in the articles<br />
and communications herein are those of the<br />
author(s) and not necessarily those of the Editors)<br />
or publisher and the Editor(s) and publisher<br />
disclaim any responsibility or liability for<br />
such material. Neither the Editor(s) nor the<br />
publisher guarantee, warrant, or endorse any<br />
product or service advertised in this publication,<br />
nor do they guarantee any claim made by the<br />
manufacturer of such product or service.<br />
Style and organization. Articles should be written<br />
so as to be easily understandable to vision researchers<br />
in many fields. Abstracts should be as<br />
free of jargon and specialized language as possible<br />
and should specifically state the conclusions of the<br />
study. All investigators should specify any direct<br />
or indirect financial interest involved in the outcome<br />
of any paper or study, and all sources of<br />
support.<br />
Submit the original and three (3) copies of<br />
the manuscript and illustrations. Type manuscript<br />
double-spaced on one side of the paper. The<br />
following organization is recommended: 1. Abstract<br />
(250 words or less orienting the problem,<br />
describing the major observations, and stating the<br />
principal conclusion). 2. Introduction and objective<br />
of study (omit extensive reviews of the<br />
literature). 3. Methods and experimental design<br />
(brief but compatible with repetition of the work;<br />
refer to published procedures by reference only).<br />
Editorial communications<br />
PUBLISHER<br />
The C. V. Mosby Company<br />
11830 Westline Industrial Drive<br />
St. Louis, Missouri 63141, U. S. A.<br />
4. Results (describe with minimum of discussion<br />
—use such tables, photographs, and charts as<br />
are necessary to clarify and document the text).<br />
5. Discussion (limit to the data presented, their<br />
significance, and their limitations; avoid unsupported<br />
hypotheses). Avoid unusual abbreviations;<br />
employ standard chemical or nonproprietary pharmaceutical<br />
nomenclature. (See Style Manual for<br />
Biological Journals, 1960, American Institute of<br />
Biological <strong>Science</strong>s, 2000 P Street, N.W., Washington,<br />
D. C. 20036.)<br />
Key words. A list of 5 to 10 key words should<br />
be provided on a separate sheet. A selection will<br />
be made from these and printed at the head<br />
of the article to facilitate indexing and retrieval<br />
for the medical literature.<br />
References. Restrict the bibliography to pertinent<br />
references. Refer to them in the text by number<br />
only, and list and number them at the end of<br />
the manuscript in the order of their mention,<br />
using style found in the Cumulated Index, Medicus<br />
and in the following order: 1. Journal references:<br />
authors, title, journal, volume, page, and<br />
year. 2. Book references: authors, title, edition,<br />
city, year, and publisher. It is the author's responsibility<br />
to verify each reference.<br />
Illustrations. Results may be presented in tables<br />
or figures, but only under exceptional circumstances<br />
should the same data be presented in<br />
both. Illustrations should be numbered consecutively<br />
in Arabic, and marked lightly on the<br />
back with figure number, author's name, and<br />
"top." Type legends on a separate sheet. Provide<br />
unmounted, glossy photographic prints in which<br />
the details are clearly evident, or original illustrations<br />
on good quality paper on which the lining<br />
and lettering are done with India ink. Approximately<br />
three full pages of halftone illustrations,<br />
or their equivalent, are permitted without extra<br />
charge. Illustrations in excess of this amount will<br />
be billed to the author at approximately $25.00<br />
per full page. Authors who wish their electron<br />
micrographs to be printed on special paper will<br />
be billed at $52.00 per page. Arrangements should<br />
be made with the Editor for the use of color<br />
plates.<br />
Reports. Special consideration for rapid review and<br />
prompt publication will be given to Reports. These<br />
should be written in the same format as regular<br />
papers, including an abstract, but should be no<br />
longer than 5 double-spaced, typewritten pages<br />
in length, and may include up to 4 figures or<br />
tables.<br />
June 1976 Page 13
FIRST<br />
PREFILLED<br />
DISPOSABI<br />
^SYRINGE FO<br />
FLUORESC<br />
ANGIO<br />
Fluorescite' Irije 1<br />
(Fluorescein Sodium Injec<br />
(Syringe contains 5 ml of Fluorescite® Injection 10% With<br />
a 10 rnl capacity to facilitate aspiration) ^<br />
Modern angiography and<br />
ophthalmoscopy techniques<br />
are now made more<br />
convenient with ALCON's<br />
new prefilled, ready-to-use<br />
Fluorescite® Syringe.<br />
Completely disposable, it<br />
prevents spillage, assures<br />
fluorescein sterility and<br />
eliminates the possibility<br />
of foreign matter<br />
contamination.<br />
From ...of course.<br />
Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas 76101<br />
10%<br />
\<br />
FLUORESCITE" INJECTION<br />
(Fluorescein Sodium Injection)<br />
Sterile Aqueous Solution<br />
DESCRIPTION: Syringe: A sterile<br />
aqueous solution of Fluorescein<br />
Sodium (equivalent to Fluorescein<br />
10%)withSodium Hydroxide and/or<br />
Hydrochloric Acid (to adjust pH),<br />
and Water for Injection. Ampul:<br />
A sterile aqueous solution of<br />
Fluorescein Sodium (equivalent lo<br />
Fluorescein 5% or 10%) with Sodium<br />
Bicarbonate (2.03% in 5%, 4.06%<br />
in 10%), Sodium Hydroxide (to<br />
adjust pH). Water for Injection.<br />
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Hypersensitivity<br />
to any component. PRE-<br />
CAUTIONS: Use with caution in<br />
patients with a history of hypersensitivity,<br />
allergies, asthma, etc.<br />
ADVERSE REACTIONS: Nausea,<br />
headache, gastrointestinal distress,<br />
urticaria and other symptoms of<br />
hypersensitivity, cardiac arrest,<br />
basilar artery ischemia, thrombophlebitis<br />
at injected site, and severe<br />
shock have occurred. DOSAGE:<br />
Inject contents of syringe or ampul<br />
rapidly into antecubital vein. An<br />
antihistamine and an ampul of 0.1%<br />
epinephrine for intravenous or intramuscular<br />
emergency use should<br />
always be available. HOW SUP-<br />
PLIED: 10% in 10 ml disposable<br />
syringe (5 ml fill) and 5 ml ampul.<br />
5% in 10 ml ampul.