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SIFUNGO<br />

Ngifunga ngiyagomela kutsi: Tangoma nemisebenti yato ekutfutfukiseni<br />

lulwimi IwesiSwati umsebenti wami futsi yonkhe imitfombo yelwati<br />

leseijentisiwe ivetiwe ngalokufanele nekutsi lolucwaningo alumange<br />

luniketwe lesinyesikhungo semfundvo lephakemengehloso yekutfola ticu.<br />

JM<br />

-ii-


KUBONGA<br />

Ngendlulisa emavi ekubonga kubacwaninginchanti. balolulwimi<br />

boDokotela P.M. Lubisi naDokotela J.J. Thwala labafane nesibani<br />

emphilweni yami ngesikhatsi ngenta lolucwaningo lolutsintsa tangoma<br />

nemisebenti yato ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />

Angibonge tangoma tesive letingemashumi lamatsatfu letingemukele<br />

ngalokuphelele etikhungweni tato laphotisebentela khona kutsi ngente<br />

lolucwaningo. Ngemukeleke ngaba ngulesinye sangoma nornl,<br />

ngachubeka neluhlolomibuto (interview) ngendlela lekhululekile.<br />

Kuphawula nje tangoma letimbalwa lengifike kuto ngativa ngisekhaya<br />

nguleti letilandzelako: Hlambile - uMgwaja welifusi! Masimini - Tandla<br />

tihlanjiwe! Sikhupheni - uMcansa longacanseki! Ntsabeni - Mats'enyoka!<br />

Khuphukile -Lidvwala laphakadze!<br />

Angibongeumndeniwami LaNdlovu nkhosikati wami nebantfwana bami<br />

Sizwe.Nhlonipho. Hlengiwe. Thando naThandeka labangisite ngetindlela<br />

letinyenti kutsi lomsebenti ube yimphumelelo. Angingabati kusho kutsi<br />

babesisekelo semphumelelo yalomsebenti lebewuhlanganiswa imini<br />

nebusuku.<br />

Ngibonga Simakadze longinikete emandla ekwenta lolucwaningo<br />

ngincamula imifula nemifudlana. tintsaba netintsatjana. emawa<br />

nemawana.<br />

NIME NJALO BEKUNENEI<br />

-tii-


SIFINYETO<br />

Lomsebenti ucwaninga ngekubaluleka kwetangoma nemisebenti yato<br />

ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati. Kulapho kuvela khona kutsi buyini<br />

bungoma tutsi bubaluleke ngani emphilweni yesive ngekwemisebenti<br />

nangekwelulwimi.<br />

Sehlukosekucala setfula tinhloso telucwaningo, indzima noma umkhawulo<br />

welucwaningo, tindlela tekucwaninga letiluhlolomibuto (interview)<br />

nekufundvwa kwetincwadzi. Imigudvu yelucwaningo i1andzela indlela<br />

yemisebenti (Functional approach) nendlela yeluchumano<br />

(Communicative approach). Kulapho kuchazwe khona lokushiwo<br />

ngemagama lasisekelo salolucwaningo latana nalawa: sangoma,<br />

inyanga, lldloti, lugedla, kutfwasa/litfwasa nendumba.<br />

5ehluko sesibili siniketa inchazelongalokuphatselene netangoma kusukela<br />

ekutfwaseni, timphawu tekutfwasa, kubhoboka kwelidloti, tinhlola,<br />

sangoma nebuhlobo, sangoma nemabitongco kanye nemabitomuntfu,<br />

sangoma naleminye imikhakha yemphilo, sangoma netinanatelo,<br />

sangoma nesitsembu, umtsakatsi, umtembi, sangoma nenhlonipho.<br />

Sehluko sesitsatfu setfula tingcikitsi letehlukene tetingoma tetangoma<br />

letihlelwe ngalendlela:<br />

A. Kufundzisa, kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi.<br />

B. Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo.<br />

-iv-


C. Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano.<br />

D. lnkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo.<br />

E. Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo.<br />

Emasu ekwakheka kwetingoma letehlukene acwaningiwe.<br />

Sehluko sesine sicwaninga ngetangoma, tihlahla netifo. Kubukwe imitsi<br />

leyakhiwe ngetilwane tasendle, ngetilwane tasekhaya, tinyoni netimila<br />

letehlukene. Lapha kutsintfwenetinhlobotetifo letimbalwa letelaphekako<br />

nembulalave loseseyinkinga lenkhulu kubelaphi.<br />

Sehluko sesihlanu siligcogca Iwalokucwaningiwe. Kulapho kuniketwe<br />

tincomo ngekubuka kuhleleka kwelucwaningo, tingoma nelulwimL imitsi<br />

nelulwimi kanye netifo nelulwimi.<br />

-v-


SEHlUKO 1<br />

lOKUCUKETFWE<br />

1.0 SETFULO SELUCWANINGO 01<br />

1.1 Singeniso 01<br />

1.2 TlNHLOSO TELUCWANINGO 01<br />

1.3 INDZlMA YELUCWANINGO 02<br />

1.4 T1NDLELA TEKUCWANINGA 03<br />

1.4.1 Luhlolomibuto 03<br />

1.4.2 Kufundvwa kwetincwadzi 03<br />

1.5 IMIGUDVU YELUCWANINGO 03<br />

1.5.1 Indlela yemisebenti 04<br />

1.5.2 Indlela yeluchumano 06<br />

1.6 KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA 07<br />

1.6.1 Sangoma 07<br />

1.6.2 Inyanga 10<br />

1.6.3 Udloti 11<br />

1.6.4 Kutfwasa 12<br />

1.6.5 Lugedla 13<br />

1.6.6 Indumba 14<br />

1.6.7 Tinhlola 14<br />

1.7 SIPHETFO 15<br />

-vl-


SEHLUKO 2<br />

2.0 LOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA 17<br />

2.1 SINGENISO 17<br />

2.2 EMABALENGWE NGETEBUNGOMA 18<br />

2.3 KUTFWASA KWETANGOMA 20<br />

2.4 T1MPHAWU TEKUTFWASA 22<br />

2.5 IMVUNULO YESANGOMA 27<br />

2.6 KUBALULEKA KWETlNHLOLA 28<br />

2.7 IMIMOYA YEBUNGOMA 29<br />

2.8 SANGOMA NEBUHLOBO 31<br />

2.9 SANGOMA NEMABITONGCO 32<br />

2.10 SANGOMA NEMABITOMUNTFU 32<br />

2.11 SANGOMA NALEMINYE IMIKHAKHA 34<br />

2.12 SANGOMA NETINANATELO 35<br />

2.13 SANGOMA NESITSEMBU 42<br />

2.14 UMTSAKATSI 46<br />

2.15 UMFEMBI 51<br />

2.16 SANGOMA NENHLONIPHO 52<br />

2.16.1 Luhla Iwemagama enhlonipho 52<br />

2.16.2 Tikhatsi tenhlonipho 54<br />

2.16.3 Kusetjentiswa kwemagama enhlonipho 65<br />

2.17 SIPHETFO 65<br />

-vii-


SEHLUKO 3<br />

3.0 TINGCIKITSI TETlNGOMA NEBUNKONDLO BATO 67<br />

3.1 SINGENISO 67<br />

3.2 KUGIDZA KWETANGOMA 68<br />

3.3 IMIBIKO ETINGOMENI 69<br />

3.4 LUHLA LWETINGOMA NGEKWETlNGCIKITSI TATO 71<br />

3.4.1 Kufundzisa, kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi 71<br />

3.4.2 Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo 73<br />

3.4.3 Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano 74<br />

3.4.4 lnkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo 76<br />

3.4.5 Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo 77<br />

3.5 EMASU EKWAKHEKA KWETINGOMA 79<br />

3.5.1 Kuhleleka kwemigca 79<br />

3.5.2 Timvumelwano 81<br />

3.5.3 Luchumano 85<br />

3.5.4 Imphindvwa 89<br />

3.6 SIPHETFO 94<br />

-viii-


SEHLUK04<br />

4.0 TANGOMA, T1HLAHLA/IMITSI NETIFO 95<br />

4.1 SINGENISO 95<br />

4.2 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASENDLE 97<br />

4.2.1 Bhejane 97<br />

4.2.2 Ubhubesi<br />

4.2.3Ingwe<br />

4.2.4 Imphisi 101<br />

4.2.5 Ingwenya<br />

4.2.6 Imfene<br />

4.2.7 Inkonkoni<br />

4.2.8 Imvubu<br />

99<br />

100<br />

102<br />

103<br />

104<br />

105<br />

4.2.9 Imitsi ngetinyoka 106<br />

4.3 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASEKHAVA 109<br />

4.3.1 Inkhukhu 110<br />

4.3.2 Imbuti<br />

4.3.3Imvu<br />

4.3.4 Inkhomo 111<br />

4.4 T1NVONI 113<br />

110<br />

4.4.1 Inshe 114<br />

4.4.2 Sahhukulu<br />

4.4.3 Usoti<br />

4.4.4 Lohheya<br />

4.4.5 Umvemve<br />

111<br />

114<br />

116<br />

116<br />

119<br />

4.4.6 Ululwane 120<br />

4.4.7 Um1jivovo 120<br />

4.4.8 Dvoye 121<br />

-ix-


4.4.9 Ingudvudvu 122<br />

4.4.10 Inhlava 123<br />

4.4.11 Uvukutfu 123<br />

4.5 TlMILA 124<br />

4.5.1 Umsenge 125<br />

4.5.2 Inhlitiyonkhulu 125<br />

4.5.3 Inhlaba 126<br />

4.5.4 Urnzane 126<br />

4.5.5 Umlahlankhosi 127<br />

4.5.6 Indlulamifsi 128<br />

4.5.7 Umtfolo 128<br />

4.5.8 Umbangandlala 129<br />

4.5.9 Imphepho 129<br />

4.5.10 Umlulama 130<br />

4.5.11 Umganu 130<br />

4.6 T1NDZAWO NEMIFULA 131<br />

4.7 T1BONGO 133<br />

4.8 KUNOTSA KWELULWIMI 133<br />

4.9 TANGOMA NETIFO : EMABITOGCOGCA 135<br />

4.10 TlNHLOBO TETlFO 137<br />

4.10.1 Emafufunyane 137<br />

4.10.2 Sidliso 138<br />

4.10.3 Inyongo lenyenti 139<br />

4.10.4 Ematfumba 141<br />

4.10.5 Umkhuhlane 142<br />

4.10.6 TIbhobo 142<br />

4.10.7 Luhudvo 143<br />

-x-


4.10.8 Malaleveva 144<br />

4.10.9 Umbulalave 146<br />

4.10.10 Sitfutfwane 148<br />

4.10.11 Lukhwekhwe 149<br />

4.10.12 Siphetfo 150<br />

SEHLUKO 5<br />

5.0 SIPHETFO NETINCOMO 152<br />

5.2 SIPHETFO NGALOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA 152<br />

5.3 SIPHETFO NGETINGOMA TETANGOMA 153<br />

5.4 SIPHETFO NGETIHLAHLA NETIFO 154<br />

5.5 T1NCOMO NGEMIPHUMELA YELUCWANINGO 157<br />

6. IMITFOMBO<br />

-xl-<br />

159


1.0 SETFULO SEWCWANINGO<br />

1.1 Singeniso<br />

SEHlUKO 1<br />

Lapha sitawuhlatiya ngentfutfuko yelulwimi IwesiSwati leletfwe tangoma<br />

nemisebenti yoto. Bungoma ngumsebenti wendzabuko lobalulekile esiveni<br />

kutemisimeto (anthropology), isayensi-Iulwimi (linguistics), kutemibhalo<br />

(literature), temlandvo (history) netenchubosive (cultural studies).<br />

Akekho lowati umlandvo webungoma kutsi wacala nini, kuphl njani,<br />

kwentenjani, kepha lesikwatiko kutsi bungoma budzala njengaso sive. Bacala<br />

kadzeni kuvela bugcame esintfwini. Kutsiwa bacala kadzeni live Iisakhile,<br />

kusakhonjwa ngalosekhatsi. Lesikwatiko kutsi ngesikhatsisaMatalatala tangoma<br />

tase tikhona. Besekwatiwa kutsi kunebaboni, bacambi bemanqa. tanusi.<br />

babhuli, baphenquli. bahlahlubi, bashayimatsambo noma batfwasi.<br />

Lulwimi IwesiSwati lunotsile ngemagama layamele etangomeni, lake kuvela<br />

emikhakheni yetilwimi leyehlukene lekutawucwaningwa ngayo etehlukweni<br />

letilandzelako. Lokuvela kugcame emicondvweni yetfu kutsi naseBhayibhelini<br />

lefiNgcwele kuyakhulunywa ngebaboni labehlukene nemimoya leyehlukene.<br />

Kulolucwaningo-ke asinakwehlulela bantfu ngekutsi sibuke bungcwele neboni,<br />

bubi nebuhle, bukhulu nebuncane; kepha sitawubuka bungoma nemisebenti<br />

yabo ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi.<br />

1.2 T1NHLOSO TELUCWANINGO<br />

Tinhloso talolucwaningo tigcamisa emaphuzu labalulekile lalandzelako:<br />

1


• Kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi lwesiSwatitangoma nemisebenti yato;<br />

• Kwati kabanti ngebudlelwano ekhatsi kwelulwimi nemisebenti<br />

yetangoma;<br />

• Kwati ngalokujulile kutsl siyini sangoma futsl sibaluleke kangakananl<br />

emphilweni yalabo labakholelwa ekuse1jentiswenl kwetihlahla;<br />

• Kulumbanisa isayensl-Iulwiml nemisimeto yesive;<br />

• Kukhombisakutsl kunemagama lamanyenti elulwlrnlnl IwesiSwatilakhona<br />

ngenca yebukhona betangoma. Tibonelo: tinhlola, indumba,<br />

ematfwasana, slkhupho, umkhaya, nalamanye lamanyenti;<br />

• Kuslbonisa kutsi imltsi ayizange Idalelwe kuhloblsa live, kuletsa Imitfunti<br />

nekuba ngemakhaya etilwane kuphelo, kepha yenta naleminye<br />

imisebenti yekusebenta njengemakhambi ekwelapha tifo letehlukene;<br />

kanye<br />

• Nekuchumanisa kwendzabukolekuvetaImvelaphiyesivenekwalamuhla<br />

lokucuketse imphucuko nebuchwepheshe, nekwakusasa<br />

lokuyawugcamisa intfutfuko, buciko nenjulalwati.<br />

1.3 INDZlMA YEWCWANINGO<br />

Lapha kutawubukwa lokwentiwatangoma lokulandzelako: tingoma, imitsi, tifo<br />

letitelaphako nalokunye lokuphatselene nato. Tangoma letisetifundzeni<br />

taseMpumalanga letilandzelako: eHlanzeni, eNkhangala naseMsukaligwa<br />

lengaphas/ kweGert Sibande ngito letivakashelwe taniketa im/bono yato<br />

ngekubaluleka nekusebenta kwetangoma.<br />

2


Lucwaningo ngetangoma luye luphelele uma kubukwe kuhlobana kwato<br />

naleminye imikhakha yebelaphi: tinyanga, bofernbl, tingedla nalabanye<br />

labelapha ngetihlahla.<br />

1.4 TINDLELA TEKUCWANINGA<br />

Lapha kutawusetjentiswa tindlela letimbili letetayelekile tekucwaninga:<br />

luhlolomibuto (interview) nekufundvwa kwetincwadzi.<br />

1.4.1 Luhlolomibuto<br />

Lapha kutawubutwa tangoma letingemashumi lamatsatfu ngenhloso<br />

yekutsi kutfolakale Iwati lolufanele. Imibuto itawucondzaniswa<br />

nemisebenti yetangoma letsintsakwelapha tifo, kwetfwasa, kuhlabelela<br />

nekusebenta kwemitsi. Inhloso yalendlela kutawube kukutfola<br />

Iwatisisekelo (primary knowledge).<br />

1.4.2 Kufundvwa kwetincwadzi<br />

Kuncane kakhulu lokubhalwe phasi ngetangoma. Nako loku lokukhona<br />

ngulokwehlulelako kutsi kulandze ngabomoya lobobl kunekutsi kubuke<br />

bungoma njengentfo lenemlandvo, leyentekako futsi leyemukelekile<br />

esiveni. Lapha sitawutfola Iwatisitsasiselo (secondary knowledge)<br />

ngemisebenti yetangoma.<br />

1.5 IMIGUDW YELUCWANINGO<br />

Imigudvu yelucwaningo lengumgogodla walolucwaningo indle/a yemsebenti<br />

(functional approach), nendlela yeluchumano (communicative approach).<br />

Letindlela letimbili tigcizelela kufundziswa kwelulwimi lokutsintsa imikhakha<br />

3


yemphilo leyehlukene. Letindlela tiyasekelana, telekane, tihlangane tiye<br />

tibambisane. Ugama, umusho, sihloko, sicephu nako konkhe lokunye<br />

lokuyincenyekubukwa kanyekanyenalokunye, hhayi kodvwa. Bunye bubukwa<br />

ngeliso lebunyenti. Incenye ibukwa ngeliso lalokuphelele.<br />

1.5.1 Indlelayemisebenti<br />

Indlela yemisebenti ichazwa nguSotilwimi waseBrithani J.R. Firth<br />

ngekubuka lulwimi njengemhlanganisi nemkhutsati wenhlaliswano.<br />

Michael Halliday (1973) vena uphawula ngemisebenti lesikhombisa<br />

yelulwimi ku Brown (1987:203) kanje:<br />

(a) Umsebenfi-msiti (Instrumental function) uyasita ekuntjintjeni simo<br />

nekwenta tintfo noma tigameko tenteke kanye nekuletsa simo<br />

lesitsite.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Sangoma sibhulela endumbeni.<br />

Waniketwa imitsi wayinatsa waphila.<br />

Lenkantolo ikutfole unelicala.<br />

(b) Umsebenti-Iuhlelo (regulatory function) uhlela tigameko<br />

telulwimi. Cishe uyefana nemsebenti-msiti. kepha lapha<br />

kutsintfwa kuhleleka kwemphatfo, kwemitsetfo netimiso<br />

njengetimphawu telulwlmi.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Ngikutfola unelicala ngikugweba iminyaka lemine (umsebenti­<br />

msitJ). Uma utiphetse kahle inkantolo itawukukhulula ngelishumi<br />

letinyanga (umsebenti-Iuhlelo).<br />

4


Sito lesikuphetse sitawukwelashwa umnyaka wonkhe (umsebenti­<br />

msiti). Uma usebentisa imitsi kahle utawusindza ngetinyanga<br />

letimbili (umsebenti·luhlelo).<br />

(c) Umsebenti-simeli (representational function) wenta titatimende<br />

letendlulisa emaphuzu nelwati ngenhloso yekuchaza nekumela<br />

Iiciniso Iinjengobe Iinjalo.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Ulanga Iiyashisa.<br />

Sangoma siyabhula.<br />

Busika buyabandza.<br />

(d) Umsebenti-Iuchumano (interactional function) ugcinainhlaliswano<br />

nebunye ngekucocisana. Kucocisana kwebantfu kudzinga Iwati<br />

Iwetinhlobo tekukhuluma letitsintsa tinganekwane, emasiko,<br />

kuteketisana, inhlaliswano-Iulwimi (sociolinguistics), inkhulumosimo<br />

(illocutionary competence) luhlelobuciko (grammar),<br />

umculubuciko (textual) nalokunye. Lona ngumkhakha lovulekile<br />

futsi lotsintsa tintfo letinyenti kakhulu.<br />

(e) Umsebenti-buyena (personal function) uvumela sikhulumi sivete<br />

imiva, timoluvelo nebungiso. Imphilo yemuntfu ibukwa<br />

emikhakheni yemphilo yonkhe.<br />

(f) Umsebenti-Iucwaningo (heuristic function) ugcamisa lulwimi<br />

loluse1jentiswako kutfola lwati nekufundza ngemvelo. Lapha<br />

lucwaningo loluphetse imibuto leholela etimphendvulweni.<br />

Kugcama imibuto letana nalena: Yini ndzaba? Kuphi? Nini?<br />

Bani?<br />

5


(g) Umsebenti-mfanekiso (imaginative function) usebentisa<br />

titfombemagamanelulwimi Iwebunkondlokuyo yonkhe inkhulumo.<br />

Kugcama kunotsa kwelulwimi IwesiSwati ngekutsi lutsintse tinongo<br />

tenkhulumo ngendlela lejulile.<br />

Imisebenti lesikhombisa yaHaliiday Igcogcela ndzawonye konkhe<br />

lokucuketfwe yindlela yemisebenti. Lokumele slkucaphele kutsi<br />

kuyenteka umusho munye utsintse imisebenti lemlbili, lemitsatfu<br />

noma ngetulu. Yonkhe imisebenti lebalwe ngenhla itsintsa<br />

sangoma, umsebenti waso noma kubaluleka kwaso nelulwimi.<br />

Indlela yemisebenti ibuka ligamanebudlelwano balo nalamanye;<br />

ibuke umusho nekuhambelana kwawo naleminye; kubukwe<br />

sigaba nebudlelwano base naletinye.<br />

1.5.2 Indlela yeluchumano<br />

Lena yindlela lebanti futsi letsintsa imikhakha leminyenti yekufundziswa<br />

kwelulwimi. Lendlela iseijentiswa ngulabo labenta:<br />

• lulwimi lekufundziswa ngalo tifundvo esikolweni; kanye<br />

• nelulwimi Iwasekhaya noma Iwelubele.<br />

Lendlela itsintsa buciko lobutsite lobuhambisana nalolucwaningo.<br />

Ngaphansi kwenhlaliswano-Iulwimisitfololasimophimbo(register), lulwimi­<br />

sigodzi (dialect), tinkhombamasiko (cultural references) netinongo<br />

tenkhulumo (figure of speech). Ngaphasi kwebuclko benkhulumosimo<br />

Qllocutionary competence) sitfola imisebenti lelandzelako: umsebenti­<br />

mcondvo Qdeational), umsebenti-tandla (manipulative), umsebenti­<br />

lucwaningo (heuristic) nemsebenti-mifanekiso Qmaginative).<br />

6


Lokuphawulwe ngako ngenhla kusiniketa lomfanekiso:<br />

Inhlaliswano-Iulwimi Inkhulumosimo<br />

linkhorri:>arrBsiko<br />

Sirrophirrbo<br />

Lulwini-sigcxlzi<br />

linongo tenkhulurro<br />

linkhombamasiko<br />

Simophimbo<br />

Lulwimi-sigodzi<br />

Tinonqo tenkhulumo<br />

Kuyahambelana futsikuchumene konkhe loku lokubalwengenhla, kepha<br />

kwehlukene ngendlela lekufundziswa ngayo. Tinongo tenkhulumo,<br />

umsebenti-mifanekiso nenkhombamasiko kuyahambelana futsi kucishe<br />

kufundzise lulwimi ngendlela yinye: kuchumana lokutsintsa lokhulumako<br />

nalolalele. kusebenta kwemifanekisomicondvo noma lulwimi<br />

ngalokujulile.<br />

1.6 . KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA<br />

Kubalulekile kutsi sibe nenchazelongco (operational definition) yemagama<br />

lasisekelo salolucwaningo lalandzelako: sangoma, inyanga, Iidloti. kutfwasa.<br />

lugedla nendumba. Lawamagama atewutfolakala kuto tonkhe tehluko avele<br />

ngetindlela letehlukene. Kumele atiwe ngobe asendlalelo nesisekelo<br />

salolucwaningo lolutsintsa indzima yesangoma ekutfutfukisweni kwelulwimi<br />

IwesiSwati.<br />

1.6.1 Sangoma<br />

Sangoma ngumuntfu lowangenwa ngemadloti okubo. Ngumuntfu<br />

lonesiphiwo sekubona lokutawukwenteka nalokwenteka kadzeni.<br />

Ngumuntfu lonesiphiwosekwelapha noma kunyanga. Sangom a luhlobo<br />

lolutsite Iwenyanga lolugcama ngekutfwasa kunaletinye tinhlobo<br />

tetinyanga. Lokubalulekile nalokugcamilengesangomakutsi ngumuntfu:<br />

7


• lomdvuna noma lomsikati lotfwasile;<br />

• lowati imitsi yekwelapha ngobe ayifundziswe ngemadloti akubo;<br />

• lophiwe Iiphimbo lekuhlabelela tingoma tebungoma, emandla<br />

nesiphiwo sekugidza;<br />

• lokwati kubhula abonelokwenteka kadzeni nalokutawukwenteka;<br />

kanye<br />

• nalophila imphilo leyesekelwe Imigomo nenchubo yebungoma.<br />

Uma sangoma sibingelela slguca ngemadvolo sishaye tandla noma<br />

kuvuswe lidloti, kushaywe ingomane kugidvwe.<br />

Sangoma ngumuntfu loyinyanga lowati umutsi ngekusebentisa emandla<br />

langabonwaalabaphasi. Ngumuntfu loshayaematsamboacwaningisise<br />

kahle sifo lesiphetse siguli, inkinga lephetse kabi umuntfu kanye<br />

. nesisombululo sayo. Ugama lelitsi inyanga liwacuketse onkhe lawa<br />

lalandzelako:<br />

.r::«.<br />

ISangoma I ILugedla I I Umfembi I IGobela I<br />

Songomayinyanga letfwasile lelawulwa ngemadloti.<br />

Lugedla yinyanga lengaketfwasi lelawulwa imiva yayo.<br />

Umfembi yinyanga/sangoma lesitfwasile lesilawulwa imimoya yebantfu<br />

lababulawa kadzeni.<br />

Gobelayinyanga/sangoma lesitfwasisako.<br />

Krige (1950:299) usiniketa inchazelo ngesangoma ngekutsi atsi:<br />

8


The term isanusi(sanusi) denoted thatsuch a man isable to<br />

smell out or unravel things, while that of isangoma<br />

(sangoma) is derived from the fact that when about to<br />

becomedoctors, theywanderaboutthemountainsandlive<br />

on roots.<br />

Sangoma asiwutsandzi umsindvo lowentiwa ngulomunye umuntfu,<br />

ngaphandle kwemsindvo waso lowentiwa ngemadloti. Kungumkhuba<br />

wabo bungoma kungachebuli kumuntfu kungakabhulwa noma<br />

angakalutfoli lusito lete ngalo.<br />

Krige(1950:298) uphawulangebunyanganomasatimitsi (herbalist) kanjei:<br />

The profession of herbalist is hereditary, the secrets of the<br />

medicines used being handed down from father to son or<br />

even, sometimes, to a daughter.<br />

Sangoma siye sibhulele umuntfu simtjele ngemphilo yakhe emtimbeni<br />

sichaze ngebunjalo besimo benhloko, emehlo, tindlebe, lukholo.<br />

umtimba, inhlitiyo,ematsambo, tinyawo, emadvolo, sinye,tinso naletinye<br />

titfo temtimbaletibuhlungu. Siyesitsintse ngemphilo yebelusendvo nekufa<br />

lokungenile ekhaya lekumele kwelashwe noma kuvalwe. Sangoma<br />

asiligaguli ligamalemtsakatsi ngobeasisuye umcabanisi, ngaphandle-ke<br />

uma kucelwe umkhaya noma kushayelwa umhlahlo. Loko kwenteka<br />

ngemvumo yendvuna yesigodzi, kubakhona tikhulu nalabo labanukene<br />

ngekutsakatsa noma kuntjontjelana. Kugagula emagama ebatsakatsi<br />

noma tintjontji kwentiwa tinyanga letibufundzele bunyanga, hhayi<br />

ematfwasane.<br />

Umuntfu losangomakuba ngumuntfu lotinikelako, losebenta ngemandla,<br />

lonemdlandla futsi longafuni kwehlulwa yintfo. Uma intfo imehlula<br />

9


angamaneamemeliIima ielitawubuya kwelekelelwaneekwelaphenisito<br />

noma ekulweni nabomoya lababi lekuliwa nabo. Sangoma kuba<br />

sangoma sibili ngemicondvo leminyenti. Sangama umuntfu<br />

lokhwishitelako nakenta intfo ngenhloso yekusita ummango etinkingeni<br />

lewusuke ubukene nato.<br />

Uma umuntfu afike esangomeni watfola lusito ngekutsi aniketwe<br />

emakhatsakhatsa latsite lekumeleahambenawoayewuwasebentisauye<br />

awatsatse ahambe angavaielisi. Inkholelo lekhona kutsi kuvalelisa<br />

kuyawaphuphisa angabe asasebenta.<br />

1.6.2 Inyanga<br />

Inyanga ngumuntfu lofundza umutsi wekwelapha tifo tebantfu bese<br />

. uyayisebentisa. Inyanga yelapha ngemitsi lembiwa phcsl lecetjulwa<br />

etihlahleni, legaywako, lebhlcwoko. lebhenywako, lecatsekako,<br />

lechashwako nalehlantisako.<br />

Bunyanga buyafundzelwa. Bufundzelwa etikolweni letitsite noma<br />

kubantfu labatinyanga ngekwabo. Umsebenti wenyanga kwelapha tifo<br />

letehlukene letifana nelukhwekhwe, umkhuhlane, sitfutfwane,<br />

ematfumba, sifuba semoya naletinye letinyenti.<br />

Inyanga ayigclnl ngekwelapha bantfu kuphela, kepha iyasita<br />

ngekubetsela imiti nekwelapha emasimu langenaso sivuno lesihle.<br />

Lokwenttwa yinyanga kubonckoto lapha:<br />

10


1.6.3 Udloti<br />

Inyanga<br />

• timbuti<br />

timvu<br />

tinkhomo<br />

emahhashi<br />

bantfu<br />

emasimu<br />

Umsebenti webunyanga ufuna kutinikela. kutimisela nebucotfo. Inyanga<br />

sibili ibonakala ngaletimphawu letilandzelako:<br />

• kunakekela bantfu labagulako;<br />

• kukhutsoto nekutimisela ekwenteni umsebenti webunyanga;<br />

• ihlala ihlantekile njalo nendzawo leyisebentela kuvo iyaheha;<br />

• kungatigcabhi nekungahabisi ngesifo leyingekeikhone kuselapha;<br />

• kungakhohlisi bantfu ngenhloso yekutsi itsandvwe; kantsi futsi<br />

• iyabeketela. idvudvute. ifundzise. ikhutsate labo labafuna lusito.<br />

Udloti ngumoya longena emuntfwini lekumele atfwase. Uma umuntfu<br />

kufanele kutsi atfwase ngobe kubonakele timphawu letitsite tekugula.<br />

kuye kutsiwe ungenwe lidloli.<br />

Udloti ngumoya wemuntfu losalala. lowuye ubuye ungene kulophilako<br />

ngenhloso yekutsi loyo lophilako achubeke nemisebenti yekwelapha<br />

leyabe yentiwa nguloyo longasekho. Ngiko nje baye batsi kuvusa<br />

sikhwama sa/oyo longasekho.<br />

Lubisi 1 (2003) uveta kutsi kunemehluko lomkhulu emkhatsini kwelidloti<br />

lokungumoya longena emntfwini lotfwasako kanye nelidloti lekulitfongo<br />

1 Kucociswana naDokoteia PMLubisi rnayelana nenkholo yesintfu.<br />

11


nobe tinyanya. Utsi 1010 kungena lotfwasako kungena ngenhloso<br />

yekuchuba umsebenti nobengekusita Iowa logulako kutsielaphe bantfu<br />

kantsi tinyanya noma labadzala kushiwo bonkhe lasebahamba<br />

emhlabeni labalusendvo lalelo khaya. Ngibo kanye laba<br />

labaphahlwako. Kepha nangabe umuntfu washona atiphatsa kabi<br />

ubalidloti lelibi. Phela labaphansi ngibokanyengekushokwaLubisi(2002)<br />

labachumanisa labaphllako neMvelinchanti. Ngulapho inkholo yesintfu<br />

lIele khono, hhayi tikwemimoya lengena umuntfu lotfwasako. Kungako<br />

nakuphahlwa kubitwa bonkhe lalabaphansi kuye ngekutalana kwabo<br />

njenganakunanatelwa.<br />

Lamanye emagama lasho emadloti ngulawa: tinyanya, labo/ele,<br />

labophasi, ematfongo, labadzala nalamanye lamanyenti. Emadloti<br />

atibonakalisa ngetindlela letiinyenti. Lamanye atibonakalisa ngetinyoka<br />

. letiyetibonakaleetibayeni nomaetihlahleni emakhaya. Kulesinyesikhatsi<br />

iye ibonakale inyoka emsamo kungatiwa kutsi ingene kanjani. Leto<br />

tinhlobo tetinyoka lekukholelwa kutsi ngemadloti emiti. Loluhlobo<br />

Iwetinyoka alubulawa ngobe Iwenta umsebenti lomkhulu<br />

nalobabatekako ekhaya.<br />

1.6.4 Kuttwaso<br />

Kutfwasa kungenwa yimimoya yemad/on. Sangoma kuye kubesangoma<br />

lesiphelele ngemuva kwekutfwasa sendlule kuwo onkhe emabanga<br />

lataneie. Songoma luhlobo Iwenyanga letfwasile, kantsi lugedla luhlobo<br />

Iwenyanga lolufundze imitsi kuphela. Sangoma sitfwasiswa ngugobela,<br />

lovelesingamfanisa nemholinemphatsi litikolekutfwasisa. Labo labasuke<br />

basetikweni batfwasa batiwa ngekutsi ngematfwasa.<br />

12


Tikhundla tekutfwasa tihamba kanje:<br />

Utfwasana<br />

Tinyanga Sangoma<br />

Gobela<br />

Utfwasa sangomana noma yimfundzamakhwela yesangoma. Usuke<br />

Iisesetikweni lekufundza lelatiwa ngekutsi kusesikhupheni. Lapho<br />

Iitfwasana selidle intfwaso, Iiphendvuka Iibe sangoma lesigeama<br />

ngemisebenti yebungoma. Uma sesidvonse iminyaka leminyenti<br />

ebungomeni siye sendlulele ebangeni lekutfwasisa satiwe ngekutsi<br />

ngugobela. Kutfwasa yintfo letsatsa tinyanganyanga ngobe akusuwo<br />

umsebenti lolulo,<br />

Umuntfu lotfwasako usuke asalashwe tinyanga letinyenti kepha<br />

tangaphumeleli. Gobela utfwasisa Iitfwasa ngekutsi asebentise imitsi<br />

leminyenti yekutfwasisa, ahlantiswe etikhatsini tasekuseni nasebusuku,<br />

ahlantiselwe etimphambanandlela, emaweni, amabhudlweni<br />

naselwandle imbala nakwenteka. Umutsi lomkhulu loehumanisa<br />

labaphilakonalabangaphili nomawekuhlanganisa emadloti yimphepho,<br />

lekumutsi lokhona naseBhayibhelini.<br />

1.6.5 Lugedla<br />

Lugedla ngumuntfu lofundze imitsi yekwelapha. Ngumuntfu<br />

longakatfwasi. Lugedla fuye luyati imitsi kakhulu; ngiko nje letinye<br />

tingedla tigeina titsakatsa.<br />

Lugedla ngumuntfu lotimele longalawulwa lidloti, ngiko nje ugcina<br />

13


The bone-divinerhas a bag or string ofvarious bones ofwild<br />

animals, chieflyastragalus bones, tendons/orpiecesofhoot<br />

sometimes lion's claw, mussels or cowry shells, and perhaps<br />

a rootortwo as well .... Each bonehas its ownpraise-name<br />

and some bones have more than one.<br />

Kutsi uma kunenkinga ekhaya labadzala batsi akuyewubufwa<br />

kulababhulako. Savebaphume kulelokhaya bababili noma babanyenti<br />

bayokuva esangomeni ngaloku lokubahluphako ekhaya. Kubuyekutsiwe<br />

beyewukhulekela ematsambo.<br />

Tingubo tesangoma letifana nemahiya, emafahlawane, buhlalu<br />

netingomane noma ematjomane kuhlala endumbeni. Kasenene<br />

(1993:49) uchaza ematjomane kanje:<br />

1.7 SIPHETFO<br />

The sacred drums are used during religious rituals, especially<br />

during divination, to invoke thepowerofthe ancestors. They<br />

are also used to sendmessages andare attimes referred to<br />

as 'talking drums.<br />

Uma sikhuluma ngetangomakugcamaemagama latananalawa: sirnbo, sikhali<br />

sekumba umutsi. Tintsaba, emawa, tikhotsa emadlelweni. emagcuma<br />

nasetigodzini lapho kutfolakala khona imitsi noma timphandze. Kutsintseka<br />

emagcolo, emagala, ncu emacembe, timphandze nalokunye lokuphatselene<br />

netihlahla. Emagama lahlala asemilonyeni yetangoma nguletento: gUbha,<br />

ornlso, geza, pheka, cenga, gcoba, gata, suo, blliso, phollso, notsc, hlanta,<br />

chela, lila, betselo. chapha, bhunyisa, naletinye.<br />

15


Tangomatimele imphilo, buhle nebunyeemmangweni ngako-ke bukhona bate<br />

bunendzima lebanti esiveni. Sivesiyatatisa tangoma ngenca yemisebenti yato<br />

yekwelapha, yekubhula, yekubetsela, yebugabazi, yebugagu nekukhutsata<br />

intfutfuko, imphilo nenchubekela embili.<br />

Inhlaliswano-Iulwimi (sociolinguistics) nenchazelomagama (semantics)<br />

tinendzima lebanti kuJolucwaningo ngobe emagama lamanyenti yamaniswa<br />

nayolemikhakhayelulwimi lemibili. Kuvetwe tinchazelo temagamanemehluko<br />

lokhona kubelaphi labatfwasile nalabangakatfwasi kepha labati imitsi.<br />

Kuchazwe kwenta kwalabo labelaphako kwachumaniswa nelulwimi.<br />

Lokucacako kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lofana nebantfubonkhe ngekwemphilo,<br />

kepha lowehluke ngemisebenti yelubito yekwelapha imitimba lebutsakatsaka,<br />

imimoya ledzangele, kubetsela emakhaya, kucinisa labalula labelekwa<br />

vlrnlmovo lenemandla nekushaya ematsambo. Imisebenti yetangoma yonkhe<br />

itsintsaimphilo nenhlalakahle yebantfu. Tikhona tangoma letibhica bungoma<br />

nebuthandazi ngekusebentisa imitsi, tiwasho, sawoti, sihlabatsi, Iitfombonkhala,<br />

. emanti emifula, etitiba, eticoja newelibhudlo.<br />

16


2.0 LOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA<br />

2.1 SINGENISO<br />

SEHLUK02<br />

Kubalulekile kutsi sibukisise lokunyenti lokuphatselene netangoma lokutawenta<br />

lucwaningo Iwetfu kube nguloluphelele.<br />

Kadzeni bekutsi nakulahleke imfuyo lekungaba tinkhomo noma timvu kuyiwe<br />

etangomeni kuyewubhulwa. Luhala Iwemfuyo belutfolakala kutsi ngabe<br />

tedvukeleemawenilamikheleketse nomatebiwe kwatsatfwa yiphi indlela nato.<br />

Luhala belulandzelelwa imfuyo igcine itfolakele kubuywe nayo ekhaya<br />

kutewujatjulwa. Uma leyomfuyo beyebiwe ngumuntfu, loyomuntfu uletfwa<br />

enkhundleni atewutsetsiswa Iicala bese uyahlawuliswa kuze angaphindzi ente<br />

intfo lembi kangaka: kweba. Ueala laloyomuntfu belidzingidvwa tikhulu,<br />

tindvuna, banumzane nalabanye labanetikhundla endzaweni. Bekubukisiswa<br />

kutsi ngabe lesento lesibi kangaka umenti waso utawukwehlukana yini naso<br />

ngemuva kwesigwebo sakhe krtowunlketwo sona. Bekucondvwa esibayeni<br />

sakhe kubukwe kutsi unonl bese uyagwetjwa. Kulesinye sikhatsi bekwenteka<br />

kutsi adliwe sibaya sonkhe kuye ngekutsi:<br />

• Tangoma tiyihlole imphilo yalowo lowebako tayitfola injani, futsi<br />

taniketa liphi Iikhambi lekwelapha lomkhuba wekweba, nekutsi<br />

• Inkhundla imbone anjani umebifutsi iniketa siphi seluleko.<br />

Lamuhlaumuntfu losigangi Iieala lakhelibukisiswa yinkantolokubuye kusebente<br />

nadokotela kuhlolisisa kutsi lowomuntfu uphilile yini. Loku kukhombisa kufana<br />

kwetintfo njengobe nakadzeni lieala belubukwa enkhundleni kufuneke<br />

17


Silindzele kubona kusebentisana emkhatsini wemasejari netindumba,<br />

bodokotela netangoma kanye netibhedlela. Silindzele Iicophelo lelitsite<br />

lekutawubekwa kulo tangoma nguMnyango weTemphilo kukhombisa kutsi<br />

imisebenti yabo yekubhula nekwelapha iyemukeleka.<br />

Umbono ngalokuphatselene netangoma siwuniketwe nguMfana Bhembe<br />

(2002i, eMgobodzi kanje:<br />

Tibhimbi /etinkhu/u /etifana nemitsimba, umcwosno. incwa/a<br />

nemh/angaiyah/o/wa embikwekutsi yenteke. Kuye kuyewubhu/wa<br />

etangomeni/eteh/ukene ngenh/oso yekutto/a kutsiemad/otiatsini,<br />

futsi anay/phiimibono nga/oku /ekutakwenteka. Kuye kuh/oJisiswe<br />

kahle ngemphiJo nenh/a/o yebanttu. Kuyewuh/o/a kuca/a<br />

kukhombisakutsiumnikatisibhimbiungumunttu /oyinakako imphiJo<br />

nenh/alakah/e yebanttu. Ungumunttu lotsandza buhle, kuthula<br />

nenchubeke/a embiJi. Uma kukhona /okubi /ebekume/e kuvele.<br />

tangomatiye tikubone embiJibese tiyasho kutsikumele kwe/ashwe<br />

njani kuze konkhe kuchubeke njengobe kuh/eJiwe.<br />

Uma kulungiselwa umtsimba tangoma tiye tilawule kabanti ngekuphatfwa<br />

kwetitfo tenyama letifana nenyongo, umswani, sibindzi, emaphaphu, lubendze<br />

naletinye titfo lekumele tinakekeleke tingafinyeleli etandleni tebantfu<br />

labalukhuni noma lekungevanwa nabo. Tiye tilawule kabanti ngekuphatfwa<br />

kwemabheka. tinkhomo temalobolo; lishoba, inkhomo yamakoti lehlaijwa<br />

emtsimbeni, umbeka inkhomo lehlaijwa emtsimbeni. Nalapho kuhlelelwa<br />

letinye tibhimbi tangoma tiye tinikete teluleko, netindlela lekumele kuchuijwe<br />

ngato yonkhe imisebenti lehleliwe.<br />

2 KukhuJurna Mfana Bhembe. eMgobodzi.<br />

19


2.3 KUTFWASA KWETANGOMA<br />

Uma umuntfu atfwasa usuke atfwasiswa ngemadloti. Kutfwasa kufana<br />

nekuyewufundza sikhatsi lesitsite lesingaba tinyanganyanga noma<br />

iminyakanyaka. Kufundza akusiyo intfo le/ula /ongayenta ngesikhashana<br />

lesincane, ngako-ke nekutfwasa kunjalo. Kutfwasa kusho kutfola Iwati lolusha.<br />

Kutfwasa kwetangoma kusho kwati kabanti ngemitsi, ngekwelapha<br />

nekuchumana nemadloti.<br />

Ugama lelitsi kutfwasa lishokungenwa ngumoyawebungoma kulolucwaningo.<br />

Leminye imicondvo levelaka ngalo Iisho kuvela kwenyanga lensha nekucala<br />

kwelihlobo noma kwemnyaka. Lokugcamako ngalo ngumcondvo wekucala<br />

kwentfo. Kusekelwa kweligama kutfwasa singakubonisa ngalemisho<br />

lelandzelako:<br />

Lomafa yinyanga letfwasile.<br />

Sekusondzele kutsi letfwase Iihlobo.<br />

Sitawubonana uma kutfwasa inyanga yaLweti.<br />

EmshweniwekucalaIigama kutfwasaligcamisa kufundzelanoma kuceceshela<br />

umsebenti lotsile. Imisho lemibili lelandzelako iveta tikhatsi.<br />

Kutfwasa kwetangoma lokwatiwako kubili: kutfwasa kwasemantini<br />

nekwasesikhupheni. Kutfwasa kwasemantini sikuve ngetangoma letintsatfu<br />

kuphela kuletingemashumi lamatsatfu. Imininingwane leniketwe nguletangoma<br />

letintsatfu ngulena:<br />

20


Ugama Mfanawendlela Mafavuka Hlabite<br />

Umlula UMlumati UMzinonl INgwempisi<br />

Indzawo yekuffwasela Esifibeni. emhlangenl Eslfibeni efikhoceni Engonini. emdzibini<br />

tematje<br />

Gobela Inyoka lnyoko Inyoka<br />

Sikhalsi Tinyanga Letisittupha Tinyanga lefisihlanu Tinyanga lefisltfupha<br />

nencenye<br />

Lokugcamako kulokutfwasa emantini kutsi awutfwasiswa ngumuntfu, kepha<br />

utfwasiswa yinyoka. Kutsiwa uma loyo lotfwasako asemantini kufanele<br />

kungakhalwa. Labanye baphonsa inkhomo lemdzaka emantini leyiba sidlo<br />

salenyoka. Bemndeni bashaya tigubhu emacentselweni emfula, bahlabe<br />

nembuti yekubonga lidloti. Kuncane kakhulu lesiphumelele kukutfola<br />

ngekutfwasa kwasemantini ngobe tangoma letitfwasa ngalendlela atigeci<br />

emagulangekutfwasakwato, tiyabopheka lulwimi lugcwaleumlomonakumele<br />

tichazisisesimo sendzawo, bunjalo bagobela, kudla lokudliwako, kufundziswa<br />

ngemitsi nekwelapha nalokunye lokutsintsa imphifo yasemantini.<br />

Kutfwasa kwasesikhupheni ngiko lesikwatiko futs! lesikwetayele. Umehluko<br />

lokhona logcaniile kuletinhlobo tekutfwasa kuba yindzawo yekutfwasela,<br />

gobela nekulawulwa ngulabaphasi. Kutfwasa loku kuhambisana nemfundvo,<br />

imfundziso nekucecesha, kanye nekuhlolwa. Kutfwasa kufana nemfundvo<br />

yalamuhla yebahlengi, yemaphoyisa, yabothishela nalabanye.<br />

Kuceceshwa kwemikhakha leyehlukene kuhleleka kanje:<br />

INDZAWO UMCECESHWAJEMATFWASA UMTFWASISI<br />

Ukolishi lebahlengikati Umhlengi/umhlengikati Umceceshi<br />

Ukolishi labothishela/ emathishelakafi lhishela/thishelakafi Umceceshi<br />

Sikhupha Utfwasana lelidvuna/lelisikafi Gobela<br />

21


2.4 T1MPHAWU TEKUTFWASA<br />

Lokumele affwase ubonakala ngekugula sikhatsi lesidze angasindzi. Yonkhe<br />

imitamo leyentiwako yekumsindzisa iye iphelele eteni kufanane nekutsela<br />

emanti emhlane welidada.<br />

Umuntfu logeina affwasile usuke sekahambe etinyangeni nasebathandazini<br />

labanyenti ngenhloso yekutfola imphilo, kepha ageine ehlulekile. Kugeina<br />

kuvelile kutsi kugula lokumkhungatsile kubangelwa ngemadloti ngobe afuna<br />

affwase. Sisusa sekutfwasa ngemadloti lucobo Iwawo.<br />

Tinyangaletibhulakotiye tibone kutsi kumele affwaselove logulakokuze asindze<br />

aehubekenemisebenti leyolefunwangemadloti. Lapho sekuvelile kutsikumele<br />

etfwase, uyatsaffwa ayiswe esangomeni lesidzala, gobela siyomtfwasisa.<br />

Ekutfwaseni ufundziswa imphatfoyebungoma letsintsa :kubingelela, kuzilakudla<br />

lokutslre, kuhlonipha nemaehakela ako. Lokwatiwako lekumele Iitfwasana<br />

Iingakudli yinyama yengulube, yemvu neyembila. Kuzila emabhonijisi<br />

nembumba. Lapho sangoma sesieedzile kutfwasa bese asisakukhetsi kudla<br />

ngaphandlekwayo imbumbaleyatiwangekutsilicoshadlotinoma livimbadloti.<br />

Tonkhe tangoma atiyidli imbumba ngobe yenta lidloti liphuphe.<br />

Lapho litfwasa lieala kutfwasa, kuhla1jwa imbuti lemhlophe kutsiwa ihla1jelwa<br />

emadloti kutsi akhanyise konkhe kube kuhle kuvuleke tindlela taloyo lotfwasako<br />

akwati kudalula timfihlo. Kuletinye tigodzi lembuti batsi likhanyisandlela.<br />

Umalitfwasa selieale kutfwasa kuphelatinhlungu nemaphupho lamabietilwane<br />

tasendle letinkhufu naletineane. Kusuke kuseijentiswa bulawu. Imbuti<br />

lemhlophe ihla1jwa ngemuva kwekuba sekuhla1jwe letimbili letatiwa ngekutsi<br />

emahlukanisadlofi tekwehlukanisa kutsi ngabe lemimoya yakabonina noma<br />

22


yakaboyise yini. TInyongo nemiswani yaletimbuti kwentelwa Iitfwasa umutsi<br />

wekuhlanta bese kugezwa ngebulawu. Utfwasa Iifundziswa tingoma<br />

tekubingelela. tekuvalelisa. tekukhutsata. tekulila netenjabulo. Ufundziswa<br />

kushaywa kwetigubhu nekugidza. Uma Iitfwasa ligidza kusebenta tinyawo.<br />

tandla. inhloki. emehlo. umlomo. tindlebe naletinye titfo temtimba ngoba<br />

kusukwe sekudliselwa.<br />

Bandla Slbondze" (2002) eMjindini uphawula ngelitfwasa utsi Iifundziswa loku<br />

lokuJandzelako:<br />

*<br />

*<br />

*<br />

*<br />

*<br />

*<br />

*<br />

Kugidza/kuhlehla;<br />

Kuhlabela;<br />

Kubhula;<br />

Imitsi/tihlahla;<br />

Kushaya ingomane;<br />

Inhlonipho. similo nekutiphatsa kahle kanye futsi;<br />

Nemasiko nemihambo yesive.<br />

tubisr' (2003) uveta umbono lohlukile -ngemuntfu lotawutfwasa utsi umuntfu<br />

lekumele atfwase utjelwa Iidloti lakhe ebusuku imvamisa. uvuka abhadvute<br />

ayongena kuleyonyanga labamlayetele khona. Kantsi futsi naleyonyanga<br />

(gobela) isuke imlindzele. Asikho nasincane sidzingo sekutsi umuntfu agule<br />

ahambealashwa bantfu labehlukenengembi kwekutsi kutfolakale kutsi kumele<br />

atfwase. Uma kwenteka njalo usuke Iowa muntfu angenwe yimimoya lemibi<br />

hhayi Iidloti. Uma ngabe Iowa muntfu ageina atfwasile akabi sangoma<br />

lesisebentako uba nguletangoma lesetigcwele lelive kepha tingasebenti.<br />

Uma sangomasigidza kuye kutsiwe siyahlehla. lndzawolesigidzela kuvo kutsiwa<br />

yinkhundla. TIgubhu letishaywako kutsiwa ingomane noma ngematjomane..<br />

3 Sandia Sibandze eMjindini uphawula ngalokufundziswa litfwosone.<br />

4 Dokotela P.M. Lubisi uveta umbono wokhe ngemuntfu lotawutfwasa.<br />

23


Umasangoma sitewucala kugidza sivusalldlott kantsilaphosesicedzile kugidza,<br />

Iidloti Iiyahamba kutsiwe Iiye elwandle.<br />

utfwasa Iifundziswa kubhula. Ufihlelwa tintfo ekhaya, esibayeni, etintsabeni<br />

nasemahlatsini. Bantfu labafikile batewubhula kugobela, baye babhulelwe<br />

Iitfwasana kucala embikwekutsi kulandzele gobela.<br />

Uma kubhulwa kusukwe sekutsetfwe indlelo yeligwayi kwabhenywa,<br />

kwatsimulwa. Uma kubhulwa kugcama inkhulumiswano lehamba kanje:<br />

Sangoma<br />

Labatewubhula<br />

Sangoma<br />

Labatewubhula<br />

Sangoma<br />

Labatewubhula<br />

Sangoma<br />

Labatewubhula<br />

Sangoma<br />

Labatewubhula<br />

Vumanibo!<br />

Siyavuma!<br />

Vumanibo!<br />

Siyavuma! Siyavuma!<br />

Vumanibo!<br />

Siyavuma! Siyavuma!<br />

Nikhishwe ngumkhuba ekhaya!<br />

Siyavuma!<br />

Umkhuba uvele ekhaya!<br />

Siyavuma!<br />

Uma Iiphimbo labatewubhula Iiphakama kakhulu, kusukekusho kutsi sangoma<br />

sihamba emvileni lofanele. Uma kuvunywa ngeliphimbo leliphansi, kusuke<br />

kusho kutsi sangoma siyanhlanhlatsa. Kutayefekile kutsi sangoma sinikete loyo<br />

lotewubhulelwa ematsambo noma tinhlola atiphuphutse bese utiphosa phasi.<br />

Kuba ngumsebenti wesangoma kuhumusha lake lokushiwo ngematsambo.<br />

Tangoma tehlukene kakhulu. Kukhona letinye letingavumisi, kepha letingena<br />

endzabeni tigece emagula tikutjele lewute ngako njengobe kunjalo. TIkhona<br />

letisebentisa balozl. Baloz! yimimoya yebantfu labata leseJjentiswako ibhuleJe<br />

24


umuntfu ngekutsi kuvakale emaphimbo lehlukene lashwashwatako. bese<br />

sangoma siyahumusha lake lokushiwo balozi.<br />

Tangoma tibhula:<br />

(a) ngetinhlola<br />

(b) nangebalozi.<br />

Letinye tikusebentisa kokubili loku lokungenhla. kantsi letinyenti tisebentisa kunye.<br />

Sekukhona letinye letibhicanisa bungoma nebuthandazi ngekutsi tisebentise:<br />

(a) emanti esiyalu, emfula noma elwandle;<br />

(b) tintsambo letelukiwe;<br />

(c) nema1je.<br />

Uma sangoma senta umsebenti woso. sicale sibite emadioti kucala. Udloti<br />

lelikhulu lelibitwa kucala nguMvelinchanti noma Mkhuluchanti. Kubitwa<br />

uMvelinchanti nje ngobe kwatiwa kutsi nguye lowadala lizulu. umhlaba nako<br />

konkhe lokukuwo. Labanye babhali baye banhlanhlatse noma bahlaneketele<br />

emaciniso ngekutsi batsi bantfu base-Afrika bakhonta emadloti. Asikho sive<br />

lesikhonta emadloti, kepha kukhontwa uMvelinchanti lolidloti lelikhulu ngendlela<br />

yemadloti. Emadloti atsatfwanjengebachumanisi. Kasenene (1993: 20)uchaza<br />

kabanti ngemadloti ngekutsi atsi:<br />

In the worldofspirits the deadmaintain the same relationships with<br />

one another and with the living as those established on earth,<br />

performing thesamerolesin relation to theliving. Death, however,<br />

adds status and power to a person and the dead enjoy more<br />

respect than the living .... Ancestors promote the well-being ofthe<br />

individuals and ofwhole communities.<br />

25


Iihlala Iisemlonyeni waso. Leso naleso sangoma sibaneligama lebungoma.<br />

Leligama lebungoma ngelaloyo umoya wakhe lewungene esangomeni.<br />

Emagamaetangomalekucociswene natotaniketa imibonoyato ngemisebenti,<br />

tento, inchubo nemikhuba leyamukelekile yebungoma nqulowo:<br />

SIBONGO NEUGAMA UGAMA TIBONGELELO IMINYAKA<br />

LEBUNGOMA<br />

(a) Bhembe, Mfana Mfanawendlela lmamba vetihoshal 96<br />

(b) Dvuba. Vela Mabitw'asabele Mifwalo loboshiwel 75<br />

(c) Dludlu. Mobamba Mhlambanvatsi Mandi'esambanel 79<br />

(d) Garna.Cecile Lomaveco Umvemve weslfundzal 82<br />

(e) Jele. Khombile Malal'ooucuko Inkhambaphasll 59<br />

(f) Khatwane, Fusi Mfulamudze Inaoni veNaoninil 63<br />

(g) Kunene. Themba Hlambile Umqwaja welifusi! 92<br />

(h) Lukhele. Khetsa Mhlahlandlela Sivalu lesinaashil 51<br />

(i) Mabila. Vuma Nhiokomo Phondvo Iwabhejanel 58<br />

(j) Mobuzc; Msebenti Mtsanvelo Tioni besikhotsal 69<br />

(k) Manana. Nhloko Majikiiela Mchamuki wetivel 72<br />

(l) Mdluli. Khutsala Tsekwane Nvoru vemtsakatsi! 70<br />

(m) Msibi, Funwako Makhukhula Matinv'endlovul 54<br />

(n) Morse, Butsile Tsakasile Mehi'emamba! 50<br />

(0) Naomane. Sioho Masimini Tandla tihlanjiwe! 67<br />

(0) Shiba. Mbuso Tsatsakanve Slhlanau semtsakatsiI 77<br />

(a) Sibandze. Bandla Nhlalamafini Nkhombankhombanel 94<br />

(r) Sibeko. Landziwe Malandzela UMafavukel 49<br />

(s) Shongwe. Mzwakhe soono Sikhundlakhundlal 34<br />

(t) Sibanvoni. Mfuia Sikhupheni Umcansa lonaacansekil 67<br />

(u) Sifundza. Silwane Ntsabeni Mats'envokal 60<br />

(v) Sukotl. Hluleliie Mahlasela Khalatome! 66<br />

(w) Ifwolo, Futile Gibelintsabo Invoka vetifundzal 39<br />

(x) Tfumbeia. Tsandza Mahlombeluhlanva Umtfubeletil 44<br />

(v) Tsabedze, Mbuti Nhlabamkhosi Mahlek'ehlatsinll 61<br />

(z) Tselc. Mandlakhe Mhlatsi Mfulatseli wenkhangalal 55<br />

(aa) Vilane. Mafulela Mafavuke Cham'akavinjelwal 93<br />

(bb) Vilakati. Mlandzeli MahlatsiJamnvama Imbuti Jenaakhalil 59<br />

(cc) Zulu. TikhaJi KhuphukHe Udvwala laphakadze! 68<br />

(dd) Zwane. Khulumile Lomadladla MadleJ' embiteni! 70<br />

2.5 IMVUNULO YESANGOMA<br />

Sangoma sivunula ngemiyeko yebuhlalu nalokunye enhloko, silengise<br />

netinyongo tetilwane letihlaijiwe. Sihize ngesikhumba sembuti kulesingenhla,<br />

siphatse nelishoba lenkonkoni esandleni. Ebusweni sisuke sigcobise Iidvumane<br />

noma sitihuce ngemlotsa.<br />

27


Tangoma letidvuna tiyasitsandza sihlutfu. tinwele letinkhulu letigcoijiswe<br />

ngemafutsatase tiphushelwa emuva. Letinyetangoma tiba nemiyeko, tinwele<br />

letipholsene letibuye tatiwe ngekutsi luphotfo. Tangoma tiye tivunule emahiya<br />

njalo. Loko-ke akusiphoceleli sangoma kutsi singagcoki letinye tingubo<br />

letivumelana nendzawo lesisuke siye kuyo.<br />

Uma sangoma sinemsebentimbaca webuthishela kumele singcokise<br />

kwathishela esikolweni. Uma singumhlengikati kumele sibe IlIandza sibili<br />

esibhedlela. Uma sisesontfweni singumWeseli kumele siphelele kutebuWeseli;<br />

uma singumKhatholika kumele siphelele kutebuKhatholika; uma singuMsheshi<br />

kumele siphelele kutebuSheshi njl!.<br />

Kadzeni bewubona ngetichaza. imvunulo leyindiingi lebatiwe yafakwa<br />

endlebeni lekleklile. Lamuhla sangoma sitifakela emacici asosihlobe sibesihle.<br />

Bewubona ngebusenga etingalweni. etitfweni nasetinkhonyaneni<br />

nangemafahlawane emacakaleni. Lamuhla ubona ngemabhengela<br />

lakhatimulako layigolide. isllivanedayimane etingalweni. Uma tangoma tenta<br />

imisebenti yoto yebungoma tigcoka tingubo tebungoma tiphelele. Wonkhe<br />

umuntfu uye abone kahle kutsi tangoma ngenca yemvunulo yoto. Tangoma<br />

kubo tangoma ngalokuphelele nemvunulo yoto.<br />

2.6 KUBALULEKA KWETlNHLOLA<br />

TInhlola tisikhali lesibaluleklle sesangoma noma sembhuli. Kutsiwa tinhlola<br />

ngobe kuhlolwa ngoto. TIbuyetatiwe ngekutsi ngematsambo ngobe letinyenti<br />

takheke ngematsambo. Tinhlola tiyakhulekelwa. Loyo losuke atewubhula uye<br />

afike a1si: ·Sikhulekela ematsamoo" noma "Slkhulekelo tinhlola.·<br />

TInhlola tinemagama netibongelelo. Akusito tonkhe tinhlola letinemagama<br />

kepha tiyabongelelwa tonkhe. TIbongelelo toto tisuselwa emadlotini. Letinye<br />

28


tangoma tisebentisa tinhlola letinyenti. kantsi letinye tisebentisa letimbalwa.<br />

Awukho umtsetfo noma Iisiko lelishoko kutsitinhlola kumele tibe tingaki.<br />

SANGOMA UNANI EMAGAMA ETINHlOLA nBONGELElO<br />

lETHlNHlOLA LEnNTSATFU<br />

Nhlonkomo 21 Tsambolemphisi Shay'emhlolweni<br />

Moweni utitek'uiicedze<br />

Mdianyoka Tayitolo netakusasa tanyase<br />

netalamuhla<br />

lomavovo 16 Miozi weNyakalfo Khumuma kuiindziwe.<br />

lambaiidiile ukhuiule imiphefumulo.<br />

Gibobatsakatsi leyaboshwa kadzeni<br />

nanyal'lsabashiwe<br />

Sikhupheni 14 Mdlabantfu Mncamulantsaba.<br />

Naselwandle Mncamulamawa,<br />

Mkhuphukantsabo Mncamulatifundza<br />

uncekets'ungadzeii<br />

Ntsabeni 19 Soluhala Haia iwetifundza, Khumaio<br />

Magwoz'afulatsele kufiwe, Uticeketse akuiolele<br />

landzandzaba Dloti letimanga<br />

Khiphukile 15 Mehlw'emamba Batekele Somatekelo<br />

Maceketsandzaba Babamb'imilomo,<br />

Baljele Bek'ingcikitsi yemphiio<br />

Neminyombo yayo iibalele<br />

2.7 IMIMOYA YEBUNGOMA<br />

Imimoya yebungoma iye ichamuke emndenini noma ebantfwini belusendvo<br />

nasebantfwini labalukhuni. lye ichamuke kumunye walabadzala lokungaba<br />

ngubabe. make. gogo. mkhulu. khokho. khulukhulwana nalabanye. Loyo<br />

lekusuke kuphume Iidloti ngaye kuye kugcama Iigama lakhe. Imimoya<br />

yebungoma ayilukhetsi luhlangotsi leyichamuka kulo, ingachamuka noma<br />

kuliphi:<br />

KABOYISE<br />

KhOkhO<br />

Mkhulu/gogo<br />

Babe<br />

Songoma<br />

29<br />

KABONINA<br />

KHOKHO<br />

GOGO<br />

LOMDVUNAILOMSIKATI<br />

MAKE


Ngicela kuwe khehla lami<br />

Ngicela kuwe Macanc' intsaba,<br />

Canca nami intsaba sisite lomuntfu<br />

Lolapha, ute kuwe khehla lami,<br />

Bita bokhokho boMawel'umfula.<br />

BoMahlahlandlela BoMbobotemihlwa,<br />

Nelekelelan' ekumsiteni khehla lami.<br />

Kulisiko nenchubo yetangoma kungagcamisi ligama lelitsi mine. Ngaso sonkhe<br />

sikhatsi tangoma titsi titawucela kubobobe. kubomkhulu, kubokhokho<br />

nakulabanye. Tangoma tivela njengetimphawu - timeli nome bameli lucobo.<br />

Konkhe lewusuke ukufuna etangomeni tikucelela kana kulabadzala baso<br />

nebakho. Tihlanganisa emadloti akho newaso kuze uphumelele kuloku<br />

lewukudzingako.<br />

2.8 SANGOMA NEBUHLOBO<br />

Songoma ngumuntfu loliciko lelikhuluekusebetiseni lulwimi.Sangomaasikhulumi<br />

noma kanjani. ngasosonkhesikhatsi sisebentisalivilelipholile lelinesizotsa. Lapho<br />

sikhuluma nebantfu labasikati siye sisebentise bulili sitsi bogogo, kantsi<br />

kulabadvuna sitsi bomkhulu. Sivamile kuteketisa kakhulu nakulabasebasha sitsi<br />

taJukatitaminoma macheguami. Esikhatsini lesinyenti sangoma siyesikhulume<br />

sitsi: "LabadzaJa batsi. ..: noma'Emakhosi atsi.:"<br />

31


Kukhuluma kwesangoma lokungenhla akusivimbeli kutsi sisebentise emagama<br />

ebuhlobo latayelekile nalatiwako:<br />

Babe Babe lomkhulu Babe lomncane<br />

Moke Make lomkhulu Make lomncarie<br />

Mkhulu Gogo Khokho<br />

Babekati Malumekati Malume<br />

Dzadzeweffu Mnakeffu Mzala<br />

Mntfwanamake Mntfwanababe Mntfwanelikhehla<br />

Mzukulu Mkhula wami Mkhwenyaweffu<br />

Maketala Babetala Mkhwekati<br />

Bulandza bami Ebukhweni bami Mkhwewami<br />

Malokatane Makoti Ndvodzakati<br />

Ndvodzana Mntfwanami Mkhwenvana<br />

EmagamaebuhloboIowaakhombisa kwenaba kwesive nekuchurnono, bunye<br />

nekubambisana lokuhlala kukhona umlibe. Kwenta bantfu bahlalebabumbene<br />

babemunye ngisho nasetikhatsini letilukhuni temphilo.<br />

2.9 . SANGOMA NEMABITONGCO<br />

Akukho lokuvimbela sangoma kutsi singasebentisi emabitongco njengabo<br />

bonkhe bantfu, kepha lokuphawulekako Iiphimbo lelipholile nemagama<br />

ebuhlobo lendvulelako:<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Mzala Siphiwe<br />

Mkhulu Lomafa<br />

Dzadzewetfu Bonisile<br />

2.10 SANGOMA NEMABITOMUNTFU<br />

Noma sangoma singumuntfu loceceshelwe umsebenti wetemitsi, kwelapha<br />

nekubhula; asivimbeleki kutsi singalisebentisi lelinye Iikhono lesinalo njengekuba<br />

ngumtfungi, ngumakhi ngumhlabeleli, ngumcwaningi naleminye.<br />

32


kusebentisana, kwelekelelana nekubambisana kuyawuletsa imphumelelo<br />

ekwelaphenitifo letehlukene letifana nencubulunjwane, lukhwekhwe,<br />

malalaveva, situba semoya, umtfundzangati, gagabukane, sitfutfwane, slsu<br />

sernovo, imfinyeti, umbhulelo, lijovela, gcunsula, naletinye.<br />

Kulesinye sikhatsi kuyenteka kube ngumsebentimbaca wesangoma kuba<br />

sangoma-mthandazi, sangoma-sokhemisi, sangoma-dokotela, sangoma­<br />

mhlengikati, naleminye. Umsebentimbaca uniketa likhono lelingetulu<br />

kulatayelekile nemphumelelo ekwenteni umsebenti.<br />

2.12 SANGOMA NETlNANATElO<br />

Sangoma ligabazi sibili. Ngumuntfu lonelikhono lekubeka inkhulumo ngendlela<br />

lemnandzi, lehehako nalekhutsatako. Kusebentisa tinanatelo kuyindlela letsite<br />

lelalisa lulwimi lolusisekelo semphilo yemuntfu loliSwati.<br />

Akekho 10liSwati longananateli; lokungenani angamane asebentise sinanatelo<br />

sesibongo sendzawolatintekuvo. Loko kubonakala kahle etindzawenitetikhulu.<br />

Uma ukhontile esigodzini sakaShongwe, nawe sewungilo liNtimandze<br />

ngekukhonta noma ngabe ungumchamuki kulaseMalawi, eZimbabwe noma<br />

eMozambiki ngobesewutewukwenta konkhe lokwentiwa endzaweni lokufana<br />

nekubingelelana, kuhambela tibhimbi, kubutfwa kwemajaha, kubutfwa<br />

kwetingabisa, ernoslko nenchubo yesive. Kubalulekile kutsi nawungumuntfu<br />

wente lokwentiwa kuleyondzawo lotinte kuyo ngaphandle kwekutibandlulula<br />

ngebuve, lulwimi nemasiko.<br />

Sangoma sinanatela kukuhle, singaphocelelwa ngumsebenti waso<br />

webungoma; sibuyesinanatelenalaphosesichumanisaemadloti 050 newalowo<br />

lotewukhulekelaematsambo. KUhlangana kwemadloti050nalowolotuna lusito<br />

35


Tinanatelo tigeamisa umlandvo waleso sibongo. Phela, sinanatelo siveta<br />

tehlakalo letenteka kadzeni letitsintsa bantfu baleso sibongo.<br />

libonelo:<br />

Dlamini Nine lenaeedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela.<br />

Khumalo Mabaso lowabas'entsabeni.<br />

Kwadliwa liIanga Iishona.<br />

Tinanatelo tiphindze tivete emagama alabo labatsintsekako emlandvweni<br />

webantfu baleso sibongo.<br />

libonelo:<br />

Neongwane<br />

MvilQ<br />

Nkhwakhwa<br />

Nyezi,<br />

Mavuso<br />

Nceie. ....<br />

Magudvulela,<br />

Mad/aOOne,<br />

Masaphokati.<br />

Ncongwane watala Mvila. Nkhwankwa vena watalwa nguMviia wase utala<br />

Nyezi njengenkhosana.Tinanatelo tingahlelwa ngelinani letinhlavu.<br />

37


Tibonelo:<br />

TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letimbili:<br />

Sibongo Sinanotelo<br />

Jele Mbhokane<br />

Tfumbela Mvuleni / Mvulane<br />

TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letintsatfu:<br />

Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />

Gama Mbhokane<br />

Mnisi Mvuleni / Mvulane<br />

TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letine:<br />

Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />

Mndzebele Nabokhosi<br />

Kunene Madvonsela<br />

TInanatelo letinhlavu letisihlanu:<br />

Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />

Motsa Madlebenkhomo<br />

Mavuso Magudvulela<br />

TInanatelo tingabuye tehlukaniswe ngekwelusendvo.<br />

Lusendvo IwakaNkhosi<br />

Dlamini<br />

Mamba<br />

Ginindza<br />

Magongo<br />

38


Lusendvo IwakaMavuso<br />

Mavuso<br />

Shabalala<br />

Dlamini<br />

Lusendvo IwakaKunene<br />

Mdziniso<br />

Sikhondze<br />

Gamedze<br />

Madvonsela<br />

Lusendvo IwakaTfwala<br />

Motsa<br />

Malindzisa<br />

Mkhonto<br />

Mbokazi<br />

Sangomangumuntfulowatisakoumlandvonemasiko. Umlandvo nemasiko kuye<br />

kubonakale kusetjentiswe tinanatelo. Sangoma ngumuntfu wemasiko<br />

nemihambo ngako-ke akwetfusi kuva Mafulela Vilane (2002i ananatele<br />

wakaMdluli atsi:<br />

Bhekiswako<br />

Wena wabhekis' inkhos' elusaseni<br />

Sukuta<br />

Luvuno...<br />

Mafulela Vilane usuke acela emadloti akaMdluli kutsi ahlanganyele newakhe<br />

ekusiteni loyo lodzinga lusito. Kuchumana kwemadloti aloyo lodzinga lusito<br />

5 Mafldela Vilane eMzinonl ananatela.<br />

39


naloyo lekumele asite, kuniketa emandla loyo lobukene nemisebenti wekusita.<br />

Kubalulekile kutsi sof kabanti ngekwehlukana kwesinanatelo.<br />

Ginindza (1992:48) uchaza ngebakaMdluli atsi:<br />

There are two sub-c/ass of the MdluJi clan; the Mdluli Sikhandzisa<br />

from which comes the king's right hand insifa, and the Mdluli<br />

Bhekiswako from which came the Queen Mother Labotsibeni,<br />

motherofBhunu, father of Sobhuza fl.<br />

Ngalokufanako ubita emadlotinchanti kucala loku kukhombisa kubaluleka<br />

kwalabaphansi esiveni lesimnyama. Inkholelo yetfu kutsi konkhe lokuhle<br />

lokwentakalako kungoba kuvume emadloti. Ginindza (1992:57) usiniketa<br />

umlandvo ngebakaMtsetfwa utsi:<br />

The Mtsetfwa in Swaziland came from Zululand and are<br />

descendants of their famous king, Dingiswayo. The Swazi invited<br />

the Mtsetfwa as ritual specialists to doctor the king and the army.<br />

When itwas found outtheirmedicines were toopotentandmade<br />

the king wild and eager to shed blood frequently, they were<br />

replaced by the Mkhatjwa of eLwandle.<br />

Mafulela Vilane (2002) unanatela bakaMtsetfwa utsi:<br />

Jobel<br />

Mtsetfwa<br />

Nyambose<br />

Mnguni wasOndi<br />

WasoThukela.<br />

40


Kulesinye sikhatsi umuva ananatela wakaMaseko atsi:<br />

Khubonye waNdlovu<br />

Mdandalukane<br />

Sidvwaba silutfuli<br />

Singaba ntolo<br />

Saphuma ekhabonina.<br />

Nakhona lapha kaMaseko kucalwa ngemadlotinchanti kucala<br />

embikwekutsintsalokunye. Kuchumana kwemadloti kuyintfo lenkhulu. Umlandvo<br />

webakaMaseko uchazwa nguGinindza (1992: 51) lapho atsi:<br />

The Maseko areamong the priorinhobitants ofSwazilandandtheir<br />

sinanatelo states that they are ofNtungwa origin, Mntungwa, the<br />

chosen one. They became the chosen ones when Ndvunguye<br />

(1790-1815) married a daughter ofthe famous Luhleko Maseko.<br />

Tangoma bantfu labakwati kukusita ngekukucelela lusito kulabalala<br />

nasemadlotininchanti esibongo sakho. Inkholelo lekhona emphumelelweni<br />

yebantfu labasitwa tangoma kutsi lusito balutfola ngemadloti abo, lekumele<br />

achumane newetangoma avisise ticelo leticelwako. Tangoma tisebenta<br />

njengebachumanisi. Emandla ekusita labo labadzinga lusito atfolakala<br />

emadlotini.<br />

Kusebenta kwetangoma kweyame emadlotini ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.<br />

Kubaluleka kwalabalelekubonakala ngekutsikunakekelwetindzawo labatjalwe<br />

kuto ngekutsi tihlale tihlantekile. Loku kwentiwa ngito tonkhe tive letikhona<br />

ngaphansi kwemtfunti welilanga. NgesiSwati liliba lemnurnzane alibi khashane<br />

nemuti wakhe ngoba kukholelwa kutsi uwugadza umuti wakhe ngisho asaba<br />

matsambo mhlophe. Uma kukhona inkinga levelako kushonwa elibeni<br />

kuyewubikwa, kucelwe nesisombululo senkinga. Uma kubikwa kushiwo tibongo,<br />

41


tinanatelo, netibongelelo, kutsintfwe nalamanyeemadloti ngobekucelwa kutsi<br />

akubanjiswane, kwelekeleiwane, kuliwe imphi lekubukenwe nayo.<br />

Uma kukhona loshonile losihlobo sesangoma noma losondzelene naso<br />

ngekwelapha nekwelashwa, umhlanti uyavalwa ngenhloso yekuzila.<br />

.Akushaywa ematsambo kulawomalanga. Akugidvwa ngoba kuhlonishwa.<br />

Akusetjentiswa imitsi leminyenti ngaphandie kwaleyo lecondzene<br />

nekushonelwa.<br />

2.13 SANGOMA NESITSEMBU<br />

Sangoma ngumuntfu lophila imphilo leyetayelekile ngekutsi ifanane<br />

neyalabanye. Sangoma lesidvuna senta yonkhe imisebenti leyentiwa<br />

ngulabadvuna, kantsi ngalesinye sikhatsi senta yonkhe imisebenti leyentiwa<br />

ngulabasikati.<br />

Kuteka bafati labanyenti kunemlandvo lomudze etiveni tonkhe, kusukela<br />

eBhayibhelini inkhosiSolomoni kuye kufinyelele nyalo. Akusiwo umtsetfo wesive<br />

semaSwati noma wetangoma, kuteka batati labanyenti, kepha Iilungelo<br />

nekutsandza kwaloyo lofisako kukwenta loko. Kuya ngemandla endvodza<br />

kuteka batati labanyenti.<br />

Kadzeni bekulula kukwenta lake ngobe ematsata abegcwele lrntuvo. lenye<br />

seyiphendvuke imilalandle. Imfuyo beyiphula tibaya. Esibayeni semnumzane<br />

bewubona yonkhe imibaia yetinkhomo: letibovu, letimnyama. letimhlophe,<br />

letimphunga, letinkhone, letimphofu, letihhemu. letimdzaka, letibhondvo.<br />

letingwevu, letinsundvu naletimabalabala kadzeni bekwandze tinjinga<br />

kunetimphuya. Emasimu emnumzane bekuba bodedangendlale. Emitini<br />

leminyenti bekukhonjwa ngalosekhatsi. Imitimba yalabo labakulamakhaya<br />

beyisho iceketsa indzaba ngekwayo kutsi kuphilwa imphilo lenjani.<br />

42


Uma umnurnzane welikhaya asangoma futsi aphila kohle. abesitsatsa sitsembu<br />

lokungaba bafati labengcile eminweni yetandla totimbili, kulesinye sikhatsi<br />

nasetintwaneni tetinyawo totimbili. Abeganiselwa labanyekantsi labanye<br />

abeteke ngobe bangematfwasa akhe.<br />

Sangoma lesinesitsembu kuvamile kutsi Iinyenti lebafati balo kube tangoma<br />

nato ngobe bahlanganiswa ngumsebenti lofananako wekuphonsa<br />

ematsambo, kusebenta ngetihlahla, emacembe, emagcolo, tikhumba<br />

tetilwane nemabutela ato.<br />

Etangomeni letintsatfu letinebafati labanyentitivete kwakheka kwetitsembu tate<br />

kanje:<br />

1-3 Tangoma<br />

4 Umhlengikati<br />

5 Uthishelakati (lnhlanti ya-2)<br />

6 Umtfungi<br />

2<br />

43<br />

Vela Dvuba. elubhalule


1 - 3.6<br />

4<br />

5<br />

7<br />

8<br />

Tagoma<br />

Lomphilo<br />

Umtfungi<br />

Umtsengisi (Inhlanti yo - 1)<br />

Umbhaki<br />

Q<br />

1 Inyanga<br />

2 Uthishelakati<br />

3 Umhleli<br />

Mahamba Dludlu. KaMhlushwa<br />

6<br />

Funwako. Msibi. eSiyabuswa<br />

L-_--,.,...-__....I<br />

Q<br />

Inhlanti yintfombatane lehamba nadzadzewabolaphoayewukwendza; nayo­<br />

ke igcina yendzele lapho kwendzele dzadzewabo khona. Igcina isesitsenjini.<br />

44<br />

3<br />

7


Lesikuphawulako kutsi sangoma singumuntfu lotana nebantfu bonkhe. Kumele<br />

kuhlonishwe emalungelo esangoma njengoba siwahlonipha ebantfu bonkhe<br />

kusukela lapho sibingelela,sibhula,selapha umuntfu, sihlanganyela nebantfu<br />

etibimbhini tabo nalapho sesivalelisa.<br />

Sangoma lesidvuna singumnurnzane, umninimuti, embikwekutsi kugcame<br />

bungoma.Ngalokutananako nakulesisikati singumake webantfwana<br />

embikwekutsi kugcame bungoma. Sangoma lesisikati sibukene nemisebenti<br />

lemitsatfu njengabo bonkhe bantfu labasikati:<br />

• Kuba yintalabantfu (reproductive work), kutala nekukhulisa bantfwana<br />

kanye nekwenta imisebenti yelikhaya.<br />

• Kusebenta kwenzuzo (productive work), kutinikela emisebentini leyenta<br />

kudliwe ekhaya. Bungoma bungena ngaphansi kwalesigaba ngobe<br />

bunekhokhelo yenkhanyiso, imali lekhishwa embikwekucala kwelapha<br />

lekutsiwa yemadloti yekukhanyisa; bese kulandzela inkhomo,<br />

yenkhokhelo lapho sekwelashiwe.<br />

• Umsebenti wesive (community work), lotsintsakusebentisana nalabanye<br />

bantfu ekulimeni, emfundvweni, nakulokunye lokunyenti lokukhutsata<br />

bunye nekwakha sive.<br />

Njengobe sesicaphelile kutsi sangoma lesidvuna sivame kubanebatati,<br />

bantfwana, imiti nemfuyo lenyenti futsi siye siphatseke njengengwenyama<br />

emphakatsi, emndenini waso. Sangoma lesisikati siba nemfuyo lenyenti kantsi<br />

nelidloti lase Iivame kukhalipha kakhulu. Sitsembusiluphawu lebunjinga esiveni<br />

semaSwati ngobe emadvodza lamanyenti akhomba ngalosekhatsi.<br />

45


Umsebenti webungoma ngewelubito, kungako ugcamisa kutinikela, kusebenta<br />

kamatima imini nebusuku. Ngumsebenti logcamisa kunotsa: imfuyo lenyenti<br />

nemndeni lomkhulu. Kuletinye tangoma igcina imimoya yebungoma ihambile<br />

kusale buphuya, luslzl, tifo nebulalandle. Loko kwenteka etangomeni<br />

letingamange tihambise tintfo ngenchubo nenhlelembo yebungoma. Loko<br />

kwenteka kube sishayo lesimatima ikakhulu kuleto tangoma letisuke tente<br />

lokuphambene lokufana nekukhipha umphefumulo, kuphinga, kugagadlela,<br />

kuhlambalata nalokunye lokunyenti. Umsebenti webungoma<br />

ngewekuphatsiswa kwelicandza ngobe webantfu labadzala, labakhulu futsi<br />

labahloniphekile. Kumele uhlale uhlantekile sonkhe sikhatsi.<br />

2.14 UMTSAKATSI<br />

Umtsakatsi ngumuntfu lonemkhubalongcolilefutsi lomubingekubulalalabanye<br />

bantfu ngemitsi. Umtsakatsi uchazwa kanjena:<br />

• ngumuntfu lonenhlitiyo lembi, longafiseli labanyelokuhle ngobeafisa kutsi<br />

konkhe lokuhle nalokulungile kube ngekwakhe.<br />

• ngumuntfu loticabangela vena yedvwana,hhayi labanye.<br />

• ngumbulali lokhiphaimiphefumulo lengenalicalangetindlela letehlukene<br />

ngekubafakela butsi ekudleni; ngekufaka imimoya lemibi labanye.<br />

sento sebutsakatsi besetayelekile ebantfwini labadzala ngobe bebachutjwa<br />

tinhlanga labatigcatjwa batali babo. Kuyatfusa-ke ngobe nalabasha<br />

sebayawenta lomkhubalomubilageinangekubhubhisaimiti.Kutsiwaumtsakatsi<br />

umutsi uwutfola enyangeni lelugedla ngoba sangoma asitsakatsi uma<br />

singakwenta lake emadloti aso ayasijikela alwe nasa sigcine sifile. Sangoma<br />

asisondzelani nebutsakatsi. Butsakatsi sento sebantfu phaca, nabo lababutfola<br />

etingedleni.<br />

46


Kusukela emakhosini eluhlanga lamadzala boSomhlolo naboMswati II<br />

umtsakatsi abejojwa ngetikhali abulalwe. Bekwatiwa nje kutsi umuntfu<br />

lekutfolakale kutsi usebentisa emakhambi nomatihlahla kobl, ugcina abulewe.<br />

Sento sebutsakatsingiso lesibangela bantfu labadzala kutsi bagcamise lesaga:<br />

Umswani wembabala kawungeniswa ekhaya.<br />

Inchazelo yaso itsi intfombatane yemtsakatsi akufuneki itsatfwe i1etfweekhaya<br />

ngobe itawucotfula umuti. Intfombatane letalwa ngumtsakatsi itaniswa<br />

nemswanewenyamataneimbabalangobeungcolile, uvonuko. umnyamafutsi<br />

kawudliwa. Lesinye sima senkhulumo lesatiwako ngulesitsi: Umfsakafsi<br />

akancengwa. Inchazeloyaso itsi kumele aphatfwengesandla lesicinileumuntfu<br />

lotsakatsako ngobe akavami kwehlukana nabo. Butsakatsi bufana nesifo<br />

lesingelapheki ngobe umuntfu lochubeka ngabo ukhutwa ngalapha<br />

nangalapha, kodvwa angehlukani nabo.<br />

Labatiko batsi kutsakatsa ngumsebenti lomatima ngobe nawuke wawutsatsa<br />

ngekeuphindzeuwuyekele. Uyowentaebusuku nasemini. Ngalamanye emavi<br />

Iijoka loyolibeka phansi mhla uwufulatsela lomhlaba. Labanyenti basuke<br />

bephehlwa yinhlanga lekutsiwa ishaywa ekupheleni kwemsisila.<br />

Sangoma lesisachubeka ngemisebenti yaso yebungoma siyakwati kubelapha<br />

butsakatsi. Kwelashwa kutsiwe kususwa lenhlanga yebutsakatsi kucolo, bese<br />

kusetjentwa ngekuhlanta ingati yakhe love lotsakatsako.<br />

Butsakatsi ngumkhuba 10mubi lesewuphendvuke sito lekumele selashwe.<br />

Kubulala umtsakatsi ngeke kukusite ngobe banyenti kakhulu. Kubulala akusiso<br />

sisombuluko senkinga ngako-l


·...wizard is the enermy ofsociety. He is the man or woman who<br />

uses the powers ofthe universe, which he has leamt to employby<br />

meansofmagic, foranti-socialends. Theumtsakatsi uses hispower<br />

for evil and against the welfare of society; he injures people's<br />

health, destroys life, prevents rain occasions lightining, makes the<br />

cows become dry. and is the cause ofall mannerofmisfortune.<br />

Uma umtsakatsi alumba usuke ati kahle kutsi kutawukwentakalani etitfweni<br />

taloyo lolunjwako. Ugadla ati kahle kutsi yini letawukwenteka emilenteni,<br />

eiimbanjeni, eiinsweni, esibindzini, emaphashini, engaiini, ebuchosheni<br />

nakuletinye titfo temiimba.<br />

Butsakatsi abusiyo intfo yalamuhla, budzala njengawo umhlaba. Bebukhona<br />

kusaphila bokhokho babokhokho, kepha bunesigwebo sinye kufa.<br />

KUlemaNtaliyane (Italy) butsakatsi base budlangile ngeminyaka yabo 1521,<br />

kugiijelwa tintsi temishanyelo, timbuti netinkhomo. KulemaFuleniji (France)<br />

kutsiwa bebubahlanganisa imicondvo nga-1672. KulemaJalimane (Germany)<br />

kutsiwe bebudlange kakhulu nga-1749 endzaweni iBlocksberg. KulemaNgisi<br />

(England) kutsiwa bebubhokile ngaleminyaka 1645-1647, nakhona<br />

bebunesigwebo sinye: kufa. Kugibela IIhhashi lebakhunkhull, imfenesento sase-­<br />

Afrika futsi lesingenawo umlandvo lomudze njengewase Yurophu. Ngaso<br />

sonkhe sikhatsi umuntfu lotsakatsako abebukwa sambane ngekutsi aphumele<br />

elucadzini agcine abulewe. Emaveni aseYurophu bebagweijwa intsambo,<br />

bashiswe, bagcoijwe ngemaije, baduijulwe, nalokunye lokunyenti kepha<br />

lokunesiphetfo slnve, kufa (Collier's Encyclopedia 1971: 549-551). E-Afrika<br />

bebadllwa IIjozi noma badzingiswe.<br />

Kusebentisa emakhambi ngendlela lehlaneketelekile sifo lesidzala, lekumele<br />

selashwe ngekwemakhambi nangekwelulekwa. Kumele imiphumela<br />

yebutsakatsi igcanyiswe kubo bonkhe bantfu kuze buphele nya. Emlandvweni<br />

wesive semaSwati iikhona tibongo letagcama kakhulu ngekuseljentiswa<br />

48


kwemilingo. Sibongo sakaMatsebula lesisuselwa esentweni tsebulo, sadvuma<br />

kokhulu etikhatsini talamakhosi: Ndvunguye, Somhlolo naMswati \I lapho<br />

bekwenteka imilingo yabo yekutsebula bantfu netilwane. Lesinye lesadvuma<br />

ngemlingo sakaMnisingobe labo bebakwati kunisa imvula. Ginindza (1992: 53)<br />

uchaza kanje:<br />

... Mnisi, founder ofthe Mnisi clan, was broughtup athis mother's<br />

home, the Motsa. The Motsa were rain makers and Mnisi leamed<br />

the ritual ofrain making by watching at night pretending to be<br />

asleep. Afterhe had mastered the whole ritual, he stole the rain<br />

medicines and fled. The Motsa discovered the theft too late.<br />

Mnisiungewekudzabuka kaShabalala eMhlongamvula(Wakkerstroom) lebuye<br />

yatiwe ngekutsi kuseLuthaka. Yindzawo lebeyingenayo kahle imvula, kungako<br />

kutsiwa yiMhlongamvula. Kuhlonga kusho kweswela. Unguyisenchanti wabo<br />

bonkhe bakaMnisi labananatela batsi:<br />

Mvulane!<br />

Loluhlata njengencoshane<br />

Mdlalose lolumhlophe netinyawo takhe,<br />

Banemanga bakaShabalala<br />

Batsi uMhlongamvula udzilikile,<br />

Kantsi bayawuhawukela.<br />

AIibaleli lawuhamba khona Mvulane,<br />

Ucisha tinyawo.<br />

Tinyenti tibongo letinemlandvo lojulile ngemilingo. Imilingo beyisetjentiselwa<br />

tintfo letinyenti letinhle naletimbi. Letinye tibongo atikaphatselani nemilingo<br />

kepha tiveta kwenteka kwetintfo letitsite nekususelwa etentweni:<br />

biya Biyela phalala<br />

49<br />

Maphalala


opha Bophela singa Masinga<br />

gaba Gabela khanya Makhanya<br />

bita Mabizela vundla Mavundla<br />

luleka Maluleka biya Sibiya<br />

dvonsa Madvonsela tfola Sitfole<br />

1sebula Ma1sebula<br />

Leso naleso sibongo sinenchazelo, umlandvo nemvelaphi yaso. Lapha-ke<br />

ngetesabuka umlandvo nemvelaphi yato, kepha sitawubuka tinchazelo kanje:<br />

biya tungeleta phaiala bika/phutfuma<br />

bopha hlanganisa singa bukisisa<br />

gaba 1sembela/hlobisa khanya gcama<br />

bita chweba tfola khandza<br />

luleka bonisa vundla ncuma kabili<br />

dvonsa hudvula 1sebula lumba<br />

Kwenta kwebantfu ngiko lekwaholela ekucanjweni kwemabitonchanti: tibongo.<br />

Tibongo letisetjentiswe ngenhla tigcamisatakhi timphambosi -el- na -ek­<br />

nekuphongota rno- na si-. Lapha sibuke tinchazelo neluhlelo kuphela,<br />

umlandvo nemvelaphi kutawudzinga lolunye lucwaningo lolujulile.<br />

Ba1sakatsi baye bagadle kumuntfu ngekutsi bamphose ngetive letinemandla<br />

lekuye kwabhicwa nemhlaba1si wemaliba; ikakhulu emaliba alabo latalwa<br />

nabo love lophosiwe. Loyo lophosiwe uhamba ancamule tinkhalo aticedze<br />

atuna lusito kepha kungabilula kulutfola. Uhamba emaBhaceni,<br />

emaMpondweni, emalulwini, emaTsongeni, emaVendeni, emaShoneni,<br />

emaNyaseni nakuleminye imihlobo leminyenti kepha lusito angalutfoli ngobe<br />

kusukekuphendvulweemadlotiakhekwabati1sa kuye. Kuyekugcinwengeku1si<br />

ku1siwe kumele atfwasengobekungemadloti lawo lamhluphako, kantsi tilwane<br />

laphoswe ngato.<br />

50


2.15 UMFEMBI<br />

Umfembi luhlobo lolutsite Iwenyanga loluchu1jwa yimimoya njengesangoma.<br />

Umfembi uchutjwa yimimoya leyehlukile kunaleyo leyisuke ichuba sangoma.<br />

Makhubu (1978: 6) usiniketa lenchazelo:<br />

Instead ofbeing possessed by his orher own ancestors, umfembi<br />

may be possessed by the spirits of people killed in the past by<br />

members ofhis or her family.<br />

• Indzawo lekufenjelwa kuyo kuba ngulevalekile. Kuba ngumfembi<br />

nalahambisana nobo. kanye nesigulane nalabahambisana naso.<br />

• Umfembi usebentisa Iishoba, lalisebentisa kube sengatsi uyatsanyela.<br />

Lelishoba ulihambisa emtimbeni wesiguli kusukela enhloko kuyewufika<br />

etintwaneni. Umfembi uve aculeka kudzingeke kutsi avuswe ngelishoba<br />

nemitsi lesondzetwa etindzebeni takhe.<br />

• Umfembi uye akhulunyiswe abutwe imibuto leminyenti lenjengalena:<br />

'Ungubani? Uwakabani? Ubuyaphi? Utsakatselani? Usibangisani<br />

lesiguli?' Umfembi uyaphendvulaasho kutsiungubant wakabani nekutsi<br />

usibangisani sigulane. Umfembi uye agucuka abe ngumtsakantsi sibilt<br />

ente konkhe lokwentiwa nguloyo lotsakatsa siguli abuye asebentise<br />

neliphimbo lelifana nelemtsakatsi.<br />

• Ekugcineni umfembi uyamelula emalunga Iowa logulako, bese kususwa<br />

imimoya yebetive kusale yebungoma. Uma abutwa umfembi kutsi<br />

bekwentakalaniuye angati, kepha wonkhe lokhona lapho endlini uyeati<br />

ngalokuphelele.<br />

51


Kufemba kubuye kwatiwe ngalelitsL kutsanyela. Uma uye kumfembi uye wati<br />

ngalokuphelele kutsi utsakatfwa ngubani, wakabanL ukubangisani nekutsi<br />

usebentisani uma akugadla. Kuye kuvele kutsi usebentisa sikhova. budzofo.<br />

bhejane, inkhonjane, emagundvwane nalokunye lokunyenti: Kuyavela nekutsi<br />

loyo logulako angelashwa njanL ngani, kuphinini, ngubani.<br />

Tangoma letetfwase esifundzaveni saseMpumalanga tibuye tifundziswe<br />

nekufemba. Umuntfu lowetfweswe tivenoma tilwanekuyekudzingeke kutsi aye<br />

kubafembi noma etangomeni letifembako kucala embikwekulashwa. Kumele<br />

elashwe sekwatiwa umsuka wekugula kwakhe nendlela lekumele elashwe<br />

ngayo kuze aphile.<br />

2.16 SANGOMA NENHLONIPHO<br />

Sangoma ngumuntfu lohloniphako nalohlonishwako. Siyakwati kusebentisa<br />

lulwimi ngendlela lejulile. lenotsile nalekhombisa kuhlonipha. Siyawati emasiko<br />

nemihambo yesive. Bugabazi besangoma bubonakala lapho sikhuluma<br />

nalabanye sisebentisa emagama lamnandzi lakhombisa inhlonipho. Bantfu<br />

labetayele kuhlonipha lapho bakhuluma yinkhosi lucobo Iwayo nabo bonkhe<br />

lebabambisene nayo emphakatsi. Emmangweni banurnzane. tangoma,<br />

bomalokatane, basebulandzeni nalabanye.<br />

2.16.1 Luhla Iwemagama enhlonipho<br />

(a) Sikhundla<br />

Inkhosi - inshesi; ingwenyama<br />

(b) Tlffo temtimba<br />

Sandia - semukelo; sankhiba<br />

Ukhala - imphumulo<br />

52


(e) Bantfu<br />

Emehlo - emaeaphelo; emakhangelo; emaeabuko<br />

Ematinyo - emalumo; emahlafuno<br />

Umlente - umsimamo<br />

Silevu - sihendze<br />

Umlomo - umgwinyo; umcitfo<br />

Buso - umnyabuko<br />

Utsambo - Luyeta; lieabo<br />

Sifuba - sineshe<br />

Umfana umkhaphelwane<br />

Umlungu umgeoki, umdzeshi<br />

Salukati sajukati<br />

Malokatana- majukatana<br />

Uehegu intata<br />

Ukholwa ligeoka<br />

Indvodza injeza<br />

(d) Lokwakhiwe<br />

Indlela<br />

Uhawu<br />

Sitsebe<br />

Ueansi<br />

Imbita<br />

Indlu<br />

(e) Tilwane tasekhaya<br />

imphambuko; inyatselo; inandvo<br />

inkhumba<br />

umgayelo<br />

Iwaluko; sieamba<br />

inkhayeko<br />

inkhiba<br />

Imbuti inkhuleko<br />

Inkhukhu<br />

Ukati<br />

Uhhashi<br />

imphandzamatala; imphandzela<br />

mangobe; ingewabi; imphonjane<br />

Iigibelo; ingadvula; inewabala<br />

53


(f)<br />

(g)<br />

Inkhomo<br />

Ukululu<br />

Tilwane tasendle<br />

Inyoni<br />

Inyoka<br />

Umgwaja<br />

Sikhonyane -<br />

Kwemvelo<br />

Emanti<br />

Sitiba<br />

Inyeti<br />

Sihlahla<br />

Ulanga<br />

Umoya<br />

Ematolo<br />

2.16.2 Tikhatsi tenhlonipho<br />

inyila; injilane; ineme<br />

Iicafela<br />

imphapha<br />

imphedvu<br />

umvundla<br />

sicwangubane<br />

emamphokoya; emankheta;<br />

emangeleti; emavoti; emayiwa;<br />

emajilimba<br />

sibhukudvo<br />

umbalela<br />

inyambi; umgawulo<br />

lidvonsela; imphakama; lijiko<br />

umheleto<br />

emacokama<br />

Kumele sati kutsi kuhlonishwa nlnl kuphi, njani. Inhlonipho iye ivele<br />

igcame etikhatsini letilandzelako:<br />

• UmaIigamalemnurnzane noma lenkhosana lifanana naloku<br />

lokukhulunywa ngako: Sihlahla; Mgwaja; Sandlane; Mfana<br />

nalamanye.<br />

54


2.16.3<br />

• Uma Iigama lamake wasekhaya Iifana<br />

lokukhulunywo ngako: Lomanti; Lomalongo;<br />

Lomatolo nalomanye.<br />

naloko<br />

Lomoyo;<br />

• Umo Iigamo lokhokho. mkhulu noma gogo Iifano<br />

nalokukhulunywo ngako: Mbita; Sikhonyane; Sitiba; Sifuba;<br />

Mlente nalamonye.<br />

• Kuhlonishwa silwane semnurnzone noma senkhosano<br />

lesiligugu njengelihhashi nenkhomo.<br />

• Uma kukhulunywa ngesibongo selikhoya lesifona naleti:<br />

Nyoni; Nyoka; Nkhomo; Langa; Moyo naletinye letinyenti.<br />

• Sangoma sihlonipha naloyo lesingenwe ngumoya wakhe<br />

kutsi setfwase. Sihlonipha Iigama nesibongo, bese<br />

sisebentisa lamanye emagama lopho sikhuluma.<br />

Kusetjentiswa kwemagama enhlonipho<br />

Emagama enhlonipho ngemagama lafona nalawo latayelekile<br />

langase1jentiswa ebunyeni nasebunyentini, emishweni nasetigabeni<br />

temabito kungobikhona umehluko. TIbonelo tekusebenta kwawo<br />

nguleti letilandzelako:<br />

55


(a) Bunye nebunyenti<br />

Bunve Bunventi<br />

Umvundla Imivundla<br />

Inkhuleka TInkhuleka .<br />

Imphapha TImphapha<br />

Ugibela Emagibela<br />

Ucafela Emacafela<br />

(b) Kusebenta emishweni leyehlukene<br />

Sangoma sihlabe inkhuleko lemhlophe.<br />

Bahlaselwe sicwangubane ehlanzeni.<br />

Emangeleti alomfula manyenti.<br />

Kuphuke inkhayeko yamake.<br />

(c) Kusebenta kweligama Iinye etindzaweni letinyenti temusho<br />

Imphapha indizile itala.<br />

Indizile imphapha itala.<br />

Indizile itala imphapha.<br />

(d) Tigaba temabito<br />

Imphedvu (9)<br />

Lwaluka (11)<br />

Ugibela (5)<br />

Umheleta (3)<br />

Sibhukudva (1)<br />

Emaluma (6)<br />

56


(e) Kusebenta kweligama Iinye Iivete titfo tenkhulumo<br />

letehlukene<br />

Inyatselo yinyatselo ngalabahamba kuyo.<br />

(Ubito nesibanjalo)<br />

Inkhuleko ikhulekwe esihlahleni.<br />

(Iibito nesento)<br />

(f) Kusebenta kwemagama enhlonipho lamabili emshweni.<br />

Babe ugibele Iigibelo ufuna tinjilane.<br />

(Uhhashi) (Tinkhomo)<br />

Sibhukudvo sigcwele emovoti.<br />

(Sitiba) (Emantl)<br />

(g) Kusebenta kwemagama lamatsatfu emshweni<br />

Babe ufuye tinkhuleko, tineme netingadvula.<br />

(Timbutl) (Tinkhomo) (Emahhashi)<br />

(h) Emagama enhlonipho odvwana emshweni<br />

Sikhangela injeza, intata nemkhaphelwane.<br />

(indvodza) (Uchegu) (Umfana)<br />

Ukhenye esicambeni<br />

(Uhletl) (Elicansini)<br />

57


(n) Kusebentisa emagama lasho intfo yinye ngenhloso<br />

yekugcizelela (kulandzela lenhlonipho)<br />

Uhhashi Iigibelo sibili!<br />

Sihlahla inyambi mkhwenyawetfu!<br />

(0) Kusebenta kweligama njengesibaluli<br />

Umuntfu lomphisholo uyahlonipha.<br />

(P) Kusebenta kweligama njengesabito sesibaluli<br />

Lomphisholo umuntfu uyahlonipha.<br />

(q) Kusebenta kweligama njengesibanjalo sesabito sesibaluli<br />

(r) Tisho<br />

Ngulomphisholo umuntfu lohloniphako.<br />

Emagamaenhloniphoangasetjentiswa ngetindlelaletinyenti<br />

futsi anikete imicondvo lemihle, lehehako nalemukelekako.<br />

Ngiko nje batsi atinotsisalulwimi ngenca yemisebenti yawo.<br />

Tisho tisimosekukhulumalesigcamisa kuhleleka kwemagama<br />

ngendlelaletsite leyetfulaumlayeto. Smith(1957: 13)uchaza<br />

tisho kanje:<br />

Particularly those forms of expression, of<br />

grammatical construction, of phrasing which<br />

are peculiar to a language, approved by its<br />

59


(s) Toga<br />

usage, although themeanings theyconveyare<br />

often differentfrom their grammaticalorlogical<br />

signification.<br />

Ukhono lekuseljentiswa kwelulwimi Iibuye Iigcanyiswe<br />

kusebenta kwetisho. Ilsho timisho lemifishane lesho intfo<br />

ngendlela lecondzile noma lejulile kulesinye sikhatsi.<br />

Tingemavi lamnandzi labonakala ngekucalisa ngesicalo<br />

sesigaba 15 ku-, kw-. Tisho tiyagucugucuka emishweni<br />

ngekulandzela tikhatsi (tenses). Tibonelo:<br />

Kukhatseka endlini<br />

Kukhwenya liwala<br />

Sisho etikhatsini letinyenti<br />

kungena endlini.<br />

kunatsa liwala.<br />

Babe ukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi sanyalo)<br />

Babeukhatsekeendlini. (Sikhatsi lesisandzakwendlula)<br />

Babe wakhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesendlulile)<br />

Babe utawukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesitawufika)<br />

Babe uyawukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesiyawufika)<br />

Kusebenta kwemagama enhlonipho kubuye kubonakale<br />

etageni tesiSwati. Tibonelo:<br />

Umvundla tiwuncandza embili. (Umgwaja)<br />

Sonusi sibonwa ngetinyongo. (Sangoma)<br />

Uphandza emadliza. (Ematfuna)<br />

60


(t) TInongo tenkhulumo<br />

Lapha sitawubuka tinongotenkhulumo letimbalwa, ikakhulu<br />

leta letigcamisa kwakheka kwangaphandle (external<br />

structure) kwemculumbhalo.<br />

i) Siphinclzasicu/lmphinclzasicu (Polyptoton)<br />

Kuphindza Iigama lelisuselwe esicwini sinye.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Timphapha tiphaphile tayewusitsela.<br />

Umheleto uhelete kamnandzi itolo.<br />

Emangelefi agelete busuku bonkhe.<br />

Ticu lekususelwe kuto emagama langetulu nguleti:<br />

phaph-, helet-, gelet-<br />

Ii) Siphinclzagama/lmphindzagama (Epanalepsis)<br />

Lapha kuphindvwe Iigama ekugcineni ngemuva<br />

kwekulisebentisa ekucaleni.<br />

TIbonelo:<br />

Umkhophelwanaukhuluma nemkhaphelwana.<br />

Imphedw ibukene nempheclvu.<br />

Udliza ngapha nangale Iidliza.<br />

Iii) Siphindzamusho/lmphindzamusho (Anfimetabole)<br />

61


,<br />

Kuphindvwa kwemusho ngekusebentisa emagama<br />

ngekuhleleka lokuhlaneketelene ngenhloso<br />

yekugcizelela simo lesitsile.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Ingwenyama ngumholi ngebantfu; bantfu basive<br />

ngengwenyama.<br />

Ungabuti kutsi live Iitawukwentelani; buta kutsi wena<br />

utawulentelani.<br />

Kumele udlele kuphila, hhayi kuphilela kudla.<br />

Iv) Luchumanomasoli<br />

Kuphindvwa kweligama linye emigceni<br />

lelandizelanako.<br />

Nginatse lamnandzi emamphokoya.<br />

Emamphokoya ekuphila kwaphakadze.<br />

Tinyilatigcwele emadlelweni,<br />

Nasetibayeni kugcwele tinyila.<br />

v) Luchumanosiphambano<br />

Kuphindvwa kweligama Iinye kanyenti kuze kuvele<br />

simo sesiphambano emigceni lelandzelanako.<br />

Ucabo lelinemnkantja ngilo kanye /icabo.<br />

Ucabo lelingenamnkantja akusilo nani Iicabo.<br />

62


vi) Inhlonipho yemihla ngemihla<br />

Sangoma ngumuntfu owatisa inhlonipho ngendlela<br />

lemangalisako. Lapho sangoma sitfwasa kubuye<br />

kugcizelelwe inhlonipho kuyo yonkhe intfo<br />

leyenfiwako.<br />

Timphawu tenhlonipho letafiwako ngulefi<br />

letilandzelako:<br />

• Kungabuki umuntfu efinhlavini temehlo<br />

lapho kukhulunvwc nave;<br />

• Kungacedzi findzaba urnlle. kumele<br />

kuhla/we phasi kutintwe noma<br />

kukhotsanywe kancane;<br />

• Kungakhulumeli etulu ngobe lake<br />

kucosha emadlofiekhayanomaadvube,<br />

aletse emashwa;<br />

• Kunganatsi emanti noma kudlo ume<br />

ngobe lake kusicalekiso kulabalele;<br />

• Kulandvula Iigwayi kucala<br />

embikwekumniketa love lolicelako;<br />

• Kukhipha butsi etjwaleni kucala<br />

embikwekuniketa Iibandla;<br />

• Uma ucoba inyama kumele Iicatsa<br />

lekucala Iidliwe nguwe kucala;<br />

• Kungadli kudla tandla nebuso<br />

kungakagezwa;<br />

• Kuguca ngemadvoloumaungenaemfini<br />

webantfu;<br />

63


• Kungemukeli intfo lewuniketwa yona<br />

ngesandla sinye noma sesancele;<br />

• Kungayishaneli indlu igcwele Iibandla;<br />

• Kungangeni emtinl webantfu<br />

ungakakhulekeli;<br />

• Uma kushoniwe akubangwa urnsindvo.<br />

akubhulwa futsi akugidvwa;<br />

• Uma uniketwe intfo ngumuntfu<br />

uyabonga, kepho uma unikwe<br />

emakhatsakhatsa goma awubongi futsi<br />

awuvalelisi nalapho sewuhamba kanye<br />

ne;<br />

• Kubita umuntfu ngesibongo, sinanatelo<br />

noma ngelibutfo lakhe. Tibonelo:<br />

Sibonao Sinanotelo Libulfo Inawenvama<br />

Msibi Ndlondlo Tinjojeio Mbondzeni<br />

Lubisi Ngceshe Bohhonduli Mohlokohio<br />

Ngornone Mshiko Bolondolozi Mswati II<br />

Mhlongo Khoboko Emohubhulu Somhlolo<br />

Mdluli Bhekiswoko Lucucobo Ndvungunyo<br />

Mlsetfwo Nvombose Gclno Sobhuzoll<br />

Lubisi (2002: 183) uniketa umbonogcogca ngenhlonipho<br />

nesibongo ngekubeka kanje:<br />

Kubuye kwOOo/aka/a futsi kutsi sibongo<br />

Siba/u/eke ind/e/a /ecakile emaSwatini.<br />

/ngani esikhatsini /esinyenti sibongo kusuke<br />

kuligama lemsunguli wa/eso sive. Kantsi<br />

kubukiwe futsi kutsi nawukhu/eke/a ungena<br />

emtini wemnumzane ubita tinsika ta/e/o khaya<br />

ngekwe/amana kwato. Nanobe kubuswa<br />

ekhaya /elitsite kubongwa tinsika taleto<br />

khaya. Loko kukhombisa kutsi emaSwati<br />

64


2.17 SIPHETFO<br />

inh/onipho yintfo totowa nayo /esengatini.<br />

Kutsinya/o bantfu sebete inh/onipho empe/eni<br />

kubonaka/a kwangatsi babange/wa ngu/aba<br />

bekubu/wa tinhlitiyo ngobe bona kuqo inh/onipho<br />

ayatiwa nani.<br />

Inhlonipho inendzima lebantiesivenisemaSwatingekutsintsa<br />

emasiko, imihambo nekwenta kwebantfu besive. Iyinchubo<br />

lelandzelwa ngubobonkhebantfu: labodzala nalabancane<br />

ngendlela lelinganako.<br />

Umsebenti wetangoma mukhulu esiveni sonkhejikelele ngekutsintsa imikhakha<br />

leminyenti yemphilo: imphilo, inhlalakahle, umtsetfo, emasiko nenchuboyesive.<br />

Lokuphawulekako kutsi umsebenti webungoma lubito futsi utsintsa emadloti<br />

onkhe kusukela edlotini lelikhulu uMdali kuye kulandzele onkhe lamanye<br />

lekubokhokho babokhokho, bomkhulu, bogogo nalabanye lasebalala<br />

nalabaphilako. lnhloso yalomsebenti kuletsa imphilo lapho imphilo ingekho<br />

khona; kuletsa kuthula, bunye, intfutfuko nenhlalakahle laphokungekho khona;<br />

kuletsa umtsetfo nebulungiswa laphokungekho khona nekukhutsata kusebenta<br />

kwemasiko nenchubo yelive ngendlela lenhle naletfokotisako.<br />

Kuyajabulisa kubona imisebenti leminyenti lechumene nekunotsa kwelulwimi<br />

kusukela ekutfwaseni kuye kufinyelele ekugogodzeni kwesangoma lapho<br />

sesenta yonkhe imisebenti lesijuliwe ngemadloti kutsi siyente. Lokugcamako<br />

kutsi lona ngumsebenti wetikhutsali, wemanono, wemagabazi netinhlelembisl.<br />

Tangoma tichumanisa emadloti ngetibongo, ngetibongelelo, ngetinanatelo<br />

nangebugagu bate ekubekeni emavi. Inhlonipho sisekelo semsebenti<br />

65


webungoma. ngoba kuze uchubeke kumele kugcame yona kusukela<br />

ekukhulumeni nasekwenteni.<br />

Imphilo yebungoma yesekelwe ngemasiko. inchubomigomo nemitsetfo yabo<br />

leyatiwa ngenhloko ngobe ingamange ibhalwe phasi. Itsintsa tangoma<br />

nemadloti kusukela kwetfwaswa kuze kufinyelelwe ekusebenteni kwetangoma<br />

lekumele kubonakale ngekungena kwebantfu batewufuna lusito futsi bagcine<br />

basitakele: labagulakobaphile. labalahlekelwebakutfoleloko lokubalahlekele;<br />

labadzangele batfole intfokoto. labangenalwati bobenelwctt lolujulile.<br />

66


SEHLUK03<br />

3.0 nNGCIKlTSI TETlNGOMA NEBUNKONDLO BATO<br />

3.1 SINGENISO<br />

Tinyenti tingcikitsi letivelako etingomeni tetangoma. Leyo naleyongoma<br />

yengcisa umlayeto lotsite. Kungaba ngumlayeto lomuhle noma lornubi,<br />

lokhutsatako noma lojivatako. lobalulekile noma longakabaluleki, lowakhako<br />

noma lobhidlitako.<br />

Tingeikitsi timele imikhakhayemphiloleyehlukene. Imphiloayihlali isesimeni sinye<br />

njalo. ihlanganisa buhle nebubl kugcama nekufiphala. kukhululeka<br />

nekubopheka emphefumulweni nasekwenteni tintfo. Tingcitsi tisibuko semphilo<br />

yebantfu letsintsa lrnfundvo, umbusave. inhlalo. lnkholo, lutsandvo. umlandvo.<br />

imvelo. kubalisa. kukhutsata nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />

Kasenene (1993: 35) uphawula ngemeulo esiveni semaSwati utsi:<br />

The Swazis are a singing people and much of their music has a<br />

religious content. There are several occasions when people sing<br />

anddance..... Some ofthe songs sung aresacredandmaynotbe<br />

sung on ordinary occasions. The words ofthese songs express the<br />

SwazibeliefsaboutGod. ancestorsor otheraspectsofthepeople's<br />

faith.<br />

Tingoma tiyindlela yekuveta imiva yesangoma. Etingomeni kulapho sitfola<br />

khona bunjalo besimo semphilo. Tingoma tihambisana nemiva kanye<br />

netitfoluvelo Iwetangoma. TIngoma tibuye tihambisane nekugidza<br />

lokwehlukene kwetangoma lekukhombisa Iikhono leliselizingeni lelisetulu.<br />

67


EmaSwati lamanyenti atiwa kokhulu ngaloku:<br />

• kuhlabela;<br />

• nekugidza.<br />

Kokubili kueishe kufanane nelisiko lesive ngobe kucala ebuntfwaneni raphe<br />

kushiwo imilolotelo, kwendlulelwe etilandzelweni kugcine kufinyelelwe<br />

etingomeni. Kuto tonkhetigabatekukhula kwemntfwana kugeama kuhlabelela<br />

nekugidza.<br />

3.2 KUGIDZA KWETANGOMA<br />

USwati usuke ulibeke khona lapho uliljela ngekugidza. Tangoma tiye tigidze<br />

bungoma nje ngoOO sekwendvulelwe nguletinye tinhlobo tekugidza letifana<br />

nemsobozo nemchuchumbelo lokugidvwa kakhulu ngulabasikati; umphicilo<br />

lewubuye watiwe ngekutsi ngumasontsana ngenea yekunyakatisa umtimba<br />

ugcine usontsasontseke kukhale Iihlombe kulabo lababukele. Letinye tinhlobo<br />

tekugidza .inkhombane lapho kukhonjwa ngetindvuku ngekulandzela sigel<br />

semeulo kubuywe kunyakatiswe imitimba kushaywe ngelunyawo kwekucala<br />

phasi, bese kulandzelalolunyekuvakale sigci. Kugacafela kugidza kwelicembu<br />

ngemandla kushaywe phasi ngetinyawo kubuye kuyiwe embili sengatsi<br />

kusikitwa sltso, kubuye kuhlehlwe kucalwe kabusha. Emadloti angena<br />

etangomeni tibe setinelwati Iwetinhlobonhlobo tekugidza.<br />

Kugidza kwetangoma kuhlanganisa kunyakata kwetandla, tinyawo, imilente,<br />

inhloko nemtimba wonkhe. Uma tangoma tisesengematfwasana tihlehla<br />

ekuseni ngembulukusa, tihlehle emini tibuye tihlehle ntsambama. Lapho<br />

setigogodzile tiye tigidze kanye ngelilanga. Kugidza nekuhlabelela<br />

kuyahambisana.<br />

68


Ingeikitsi yelieulo iye igeamise imiva netimoluvelo. Tangoma tinemakhono<br />

ekueamba tingoma. Kulesa naleso sikhupha kuba netingoma letinsha<br />

letieanjwako letengeta kuleti letatiwako naletetayelekile (standard songs).<br />

Umatangomatieula ingomatisuketengcisa umbiko lotsite. Leyo naleyo ngoma<br />

inembiko leyiwuphetse lekumele uehazwe kuze ivakale kahle.<br />

3.3 IMIBIKOETINGOMENI<br />

Engomeni letsi, Ngifundzisekugeama sice/o. Sangoma sieela kugogowaso kutsi<br />

asisite asifundzise umsebenti webungoma. sigeine siwati ngalokuphelele.<br />

Kubonakala sengatsi singenwe ngugogo waso.<br />

Sieelo sibuye sivele engomeni letsl, Indlela lapho sieela labadzala kutsi basisite<br />

sibone indlela lefanele noma timo tilukhuni. Sieelo sibuye sivakale engomeni<br />

letsl Ngivuleleni lapho sangoma steela indlela kubogogo nabomkhulu baso<br />

yekuyewugubha imitsi etigangeni nasetintsabeni.<br />

Engomeni letsl, Makhehla sibona kutinikela emadlotini lapho itsi:<br />

Ngingewenu kukubi kukuhle.<br />

Ngingewenu Iishisa Iigueubele .<br />

Lapha sangoma siveta kunamatsela kwaso enehubeni yemadloti ngekutsi sitsi<br />

noma timo temphilo titimbi. noma titinhle angeke sehlukane nayo. Lokunye<br />

kutinikela kubuye kugeame engomeni letsl, Udlofflami lapho itsi:<br />

Ngingumntfwane madloti:<br />

Angisekele ngapha nangaIe ....<br />

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Tingoma letinyenti letikhombisa kufundzisa. kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi tiveta<br />

sicelo nekutinikela. Tangoma bantfu labaphila ngekucela emadlotini njalo.<br />

Ngebantfu labatinikele emadlotini njalo. Akukho lokwentiwa tangoma<br />

kugcame tona ngaphandle kwekutsi titsi: Sitawucela kulabadzala . . . .<br />

sitawucelakubomkhulunabogogo... sitawucelaemakhehleni... Atigcini lapho<br />

tiye tichubeke titsi: Labadzala batawusicelela eDlotininchanti noma<br />

kuMvelinchanti ...<br />

Emadloti ahlonishwa kakhulu esiveni. Emadloti ngemagugu esive ngako-ke<br />

akukhulunywa kabi ngawo. Uma kukhulunywa kwatsintfwa ligama lelitsi.<br />

lidlotkuye kuzotfwe, kuhlalwe phansi. Ngiko nje uMvelinchanti ayamaniswa<br />

nemadloti, kepha vena ubitwa ngeligugunchanti lelidale lamanye emagugu.<br />

Emadloti ayahlaljelwa lapho:<br />

• KUbongwa imphilo; kusindza engotini; kukhula kwebantfwana;<br />

kuphumelela kwetinhloso nalokunye. Kuyenteka kube nemuntfu<br />

wemndeni losagule sikhotsi lesidze angasindzi, kwentiwa tonkhe taba<br />

tekusindzisa imphilo yakhe kepha kufanane nekutsela emanti emhlane<br />

welidada. Lowo muntfu uye acelelwe indlela kutsi ayewuphumula<br />

nalabadzala ngekutsi kuhlaljwe. Loko lokuhlatjiwe noma kusilwane sini<br />

kutsiwa sice/andie/a.<br />

• Kushweleta emadlotini ngesento lesibi lesiye senteka lesifana nekulwa.<br />

kuhlambalatana, kuphendvula umuntfu lomdzala, kweca umyalo.<br />

nalokunye.<br />

Kuhlatjelwa kwemadloti bekwentiwa endvulo, kusentiwa nalamuhla.<br />

kusatawukwentiwa nangemuso. Emadloti ahlaljelwa ngemuva kwekutfola<br />

umyalo lophelele etangomeni lewushoko kutsi kumele umsebenti uchutjwe<br />

njani. Kukholelwa ekutsini tonkhe tinhlanhla tichamuka emadlotini. kantsi<br />

70


emashwa avela ngobe kuyinffukulselo yemadloti. Silwane lesihlatjwako uma<br />

kucelwa, kubongwa noma kushweletwa seffulwa ngulomdzala ekhaya<br />

emadlotini ngekutsi:<br />

• asho tibongo;<br />

• abite emadloti lamanye langamange atsintseke lapho asho tibongo<br />

abuye<br />

• effule imphahla embikwekulsi ihlatjwe.<br />

Inyama yemadloti kuye kudzingeke kutsi i1ale kucala embikwekuyidla. Ibekwa<br />

emsamo lapho kusukwe kubhunyiswe imphepho, sibitadloti. Kusuke kubekwe<br />

bunatfo neliffongwane. sitja seligwayi letimphumulo. Imphepho ibitwa<br />

ngaleligama nje ngobe iphephetsa bomoya lababi bahambe, bese indvonsa<br />

noma ibita emadloti. Uftongwane sitja lesicukatsa kudla kwalabadzala<br />

lababuye batiwe ngekutsi ematfongo. Lesitja sibitwa ngaleligama nje ngobe<br />

kuhlonishwa ematfongo. Lenye inyama i1engiswa emshayweni wendlu<br />

yemadloti.<br />

Tangoma ngebacambi betingoma labakhulu. Kucamba tingoma siphiwo<br />

lesingakavami ebantfwini labanyenti, kepha tangoma tinetiphiwo tekucamba<br />

netekugidza. Lokunyentilokwentiwatangoma kusukekugunyatwe ngemadloti.<br />

3.4 WHLA LWETINGOMA NGEKWETlNGCIKlTSI TATO<br />

3.4.1 Kufundzisa. kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi<br />

Lapha kugcogcelwe ndzawonye tingoma letigcamisa kurundzso,<br />

kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi. Emandla emadloti ekuniketeni lusito<br />

lokucelwako avela kakhulu etingomeni nekutinikela kwetangoma<br />

emadlotini kuyagcama. Imiva yetangoma ivakala kahle etingomeni.<br />

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Imibono yetangoma ivela ngetingoma. Kubalulekile kutsi tingoma<br />

tilalelisiswe kahle kuze kuvakale imibiko lendluliswako.<br />

T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />

(a) Ngifundzise<br />

Ngifundzise dloti lornt<br />

Ngifundzise gogo wami,<br />

Emogumbi lamon' emhlaba<br />

Agcolotel' imisebenti yami,<br />

Ngifundzise dloti lemadloti.<br />

(b) Indlela<br />

Ngibonis' indlela khokho,<br />

Ngibonis' indlela mkhulu,<br />

Ngibonis' indlela babe,<br />

Nom' emehlo afiphele.<br />

Nom' emadvundv' advundvubele,<br />

Ngibonis' indlela, ngibonise.<br />

(c) Ngivuleleni<br />

Ngivulelen'inyatselo.<br />

Ngiy' etigangeni ngiyewugubha,<br />

Ngiye' etintsabeni ngiyewugubho,<br />

Ylvulenl bogogo,<br />

Yivuleni bomkhulu.<br />

Lopha kuvetwe tibonelo letintsatfu kuphelo. Tibonelo letinyenti tifakwe<br />

ngaphasi kwesichibiyelo. Kuleyo noleyongoma kunemakhono lamohle<br />

lagcamako nemicondvo lejulile. Lokuphowulekako kutsi ekungomeni<br />

letinyenti kugcama butsatfu kanjena: sangoma, emodloti neMdali.<br />

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3.4.2 Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo<br />

Kubalisa kuvamile kakhulu lapho tangoma tisengematfwasana.<br />

Kubalisa kuvetwa yimphatfo yasesikhupheni lenesandla lesicinacinile<br />

nomasihlukwana lesentatinhlitiyo tematfwasanatihlale tingakakhuluieki.<br />

Umbusave ugcama etangomeni lesetigogodzile ngobe tisuke setibuke<br />

imphilo yelive injengobe injalo.<br />

T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />

(a) Imphangele<br />

Ngigcwele tiganga<br />

Ngiphendvuk' imphangele<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lami,<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />

(b) Ncedze<br />

Ningibona nginguncedze<br />

Ngentiwa Iidloti,<br />

Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />

Ngencobile Iidloti.<br />

(c) Bobabe bakhashane<br />

Bobabe bakhashane,<br />

Bakhashane,<br />

Bobabe baseMgobodzi,<br />

Bakhashane,<br />

Bobabe baseMhlume,<br />

Bakhashane.<br />

LUhla !olunye Iwetingoma luyawutfolakala esichibiyelweni. Kuloluhla<br />

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Iwetingoma kulapho kugcama khona kutsi kuvele waphi emakhono<br />

ngenhloso yekugcamisa kubollso. simo senhlalo nembusave. TIngcikitsi<br />

letehlukene tikhombisa kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lobuka imphilo ngeliso<br />

lelijulileemikhakheni yonkheyemphilo. Lokukukhombisa ngalokuphelele<br />

kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lonemcondvolojulile, lohlelekile nalowenabile.<br />

3.4.3 Lutsanclvo, bunye nelubumbono<br />

Lutsandvoluvela emikhakheni leminyenti yemphilo ngekutsintsa lusendvo,<br />

labaphilakonalabangematfongo, lutsandvo Iwetitsandzani. Iwemsebenti,<br />

Iwekuhlanganyela ndzawonye noma Iwekusebentisana. Lapha<br />

kugcama bunye nelubumbano Iwelusendvo, IwemndenL<br />

Iwematfwasana nabogobela nemadloti. Lutsandvo, bunye<br />

nelubumbano luveta bubili kanje: Iitfwasana-gobela; Iitfwasana­<br />

emadlot!; gobela-emadloti; Iisoka-intfombi; litfwasana-umndeni<br />

nalobunye.<br />

T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />

(a) Ningitsandzile<br />

Ningitsandzile lobodzclo,<br />

Ningitsandzile bokhokho bornl<br />

Lamuhla ngiphetse sikhwama,<br />

Sikhwama senu labadzala,<br />

Senu bokhokho bami.<br />

(b) Soka lami<br />

Yesoko lornl,<br />

Ungishiyewangifulatsela,<br />

Sicaljaniswa !idiot! tornt<br />

Hamba uyewushona<br />

74


Uyewushona mshiya Iowa<br />

Yesoka lami.<br />

(c) Bogogo<br />

Ningiwetile ... ningiwetile,<br />

Bogogo ningiwetile,<br />

Sengingesheya kwemfula<br />

Ngelufsandvo Iwenu bogogo,<br />

Sengingesheya kwemfula.<br />

Kuhlabela kwesangoma kweyamele emisebentini yaso lesiyenta<br />

ngekwefsembeka lefana nalena:<br />

•<br />

Kutfwasa/kutfwasisa;<br />

• Kugcaba/Kugata;<br />

• Kuphahla;<br />

• Kufemba;<br />

• Kuhlahluba/kuphengula;<br />

• Kulumeka;<br />

• Kunuka;<br />

• Kuguzela;<br />

• Nekumunya.<br />

Uma sangoma sicula sisuke sitilungiselele ngalokuphelele kuveta imiva<br />

yaso. Etimgomeni kufsintfwa konkhe lokuphatse!ene nebungoma<br />

lekufana nekuguzela: kucosha bomoya lababi ngekuhlabela nekushaya<br />

emanijomane. Bugabazi betangoma buye bubonakale kahle uma<br />

kungumgidvo noma Iijadvu lato. TIsuke tibonakala ngelidvumane,<br />

tayendle, umngamazi lokungumgaco lotfungelwe timphonjwana<br />

netigujana letinemitsi lefsite.<br />

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3.4.4 Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />

Engomeni letsl Makhos' Ami kuhlatjelelwa ngemakhosi labusa<br />

ngaleminyaka: Ndvungunye(1790- 1815), Somhlolo (1815 - 1836), Mswati<br />

(1840 - 1865), Mbandzeni (1875 - 1889), Mahlokohla (1890 - 1899)<br />

naSobhuza II (1921 -1982).<br />

Inkholo nemlandvokuyahambelanangobekutsintsa ban1fu netigameko.<br />

Kutsintsa Iidlotinchanti, uMvelinchanti nemakhosi esive. Tlnkholelonguloko<br />

lokwentiwa bantfu ngobe bakholelwa kuko noma bakwemukele<br />

njengetigameko noma tento emphilweni.<br />

TIBONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />

(a) Tfuma Mine<br />

Tfuma mine; 1fuma mine,<br />

Tfuma mine, 1fuma mine,<br />

Tfuma mine, 1fuma mine<br />

Ngiyavuma, ngiyavuma,<br />

Sengiyavuma Nkhosi yami.<br />

(b) Ngwane<br />

(c) Babe<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />

Sihlanganise sive,<br />

Sihlanganise Ngwane.<br />

Babe wami '" Babe wcml,<br />

Ngiholele kulaluhlata<br />

Ngiyewukwenta njengekwelayeta<br />

76


Kwelayeta kwakho Babe.<br />

Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />

Kukhona bantfu labakholelwa ekutsini inkholo yebuKhrestu ayichumani<br />

nebungoma. Leyo yinkholelo lengenaliciniso ngobe tangoma tadalwa<br />

nguMdali, tisebentisa imitsi ledalwe nguMdali futsi telapha bantfu<br />

beMdal!.<br />

Akusilula kwehlukanisa inkholo, tinkholelo, emasiko nemihambo yesive<br />

ngobe konkhe kugcina kuchumene kwakhe sisekelo semphilo nebunye<br />

lobugcamisa buntfu. EmaSwati abevele akhonta uMvelinchanti<br />

ngendlela yemadloti kusukela kadzeni. Labo labaye batsi emaSwati<br />

akhontaemadloti basukesebadlebutsilobafika netifiki ngobebacondze<br />

kudvonsela phansi emasiko nenchubo yesive.<br />

Uphimbo lemuntfu loliSwati uye ulive nalibita uMdali kutsi Iiye lehluke<br />

ngobe Iisuke Iikhombisa inhlonipho nekudvumisa. Ubitwa<br />

ngaiawamagama: Dloti lelikhulu, Mvelinchanti, LoseTulu, Somandla,<br />

Simakadze, Babe LoseTulu, Mninimandla, Mcalisi nalamanye.<br />

Inkholo ivela igcame etingomeni letilandzelako: Tfuma Mine, Babe,<br />

Dlotinchanti naletinye. Umlandvo uvela kohle. kuleti letilandzelako:<br />

Ngwane, Bhuza, Makhos'ami naletinye. Inkholelo siyiva etingomeni<br />

letilandzelako: Inhlanga naletsi Ungumtsakatsi.<br />

3.4.5 Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo<br />

Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo kuyahambelana futsi kwetayelekile<br />

etingomeni tetangoma ngoba kusibuko kutsi emadloti bantfu labanjan!.<br />

Esikhatsini lesinyenti Iidloti litiveta ngelulaka, ngemandla nesibindzi. Loko<br />

77


sikubona ngetigameko letisuke tigunyafwe ngemadloti.<br />

TIBONELO LETINTSATFU:<br />

(a) Emandla<br />

Emand!' elidloti<br />

Akumelwana nowo,<br />

Emandl' elidloti<br />

Akumelwana nawo.<br />

(b) Kagogo<br />

Kagogo<br />

Emphandzeni yemphilo vornt<br />

Ngiyaya!<br />

Ngiyaya!<br />

Emphandzeni yemphilo yami,<br />

Kagogo.<br />

(c) Emuva<br />

Angisayi emuva<br />

Emuva angisayi,<br />

Embili dloti lornl<br />

Embiligogo wami.<br />

Emandla nelulaka kuvefwe kusetjentiswa kwemagama lafana nalawa:<br />

ind/ondlolenelusiba, gOOO/o, lidlotinalamanye. Lapha kukhetfwe silwane<br />

lesinelulaka futsi lesiyingoti ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. indlondlo. Esikhatsini<br />

lesinyenti goOOla kuba ngumuntfu lonelulaka futsi lonesandla lesicinile<br />

ngoOO entela kutsi tonkhe tintfo latikhulumako tenteke ngesikhatsi<br />

lesifanele nangendlela lefanele. Lulaka nemandla elidloti agcama<br />

ngetigameko letinhle naletimbi letiye tenteke emphilweni yemuntfu.<br />

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Inkhani, emandla nekubelesela kugcama kuto tonkhe tingoma<br />

leffgcogcelwe ngaphasi kwalengcikitsi. Loko singakuhlolisisa engomeni<br />

letsl, sibindzi. Kutsintfwa fflwane leffnemandla futsi leffnenkhani lefffana<br />

nengwenya, inyatsi nengwe. Tento nebunjalo betilwane letibalwe<br />

ngenhla kugcamisa ingcikitsi lehambisana nemfutfo, umdlandla<br />

nekuffnikela.<br />

Uma sangoma sihlabela lengoma kugcama inkhani, emandla<br />

nekutinikela kwaso lokubonwa balaleli kuntjintjeke nemiva yabo bonkhe<br />

labasenkhundleni.<br />

3.5 EMASU EKWAKHEKA KWETlNGOMA<br />

Manyenff emakhono lagcamile ekwakhiweni kweffngoma, kepha lapha<br />

sitawubuka lawo latfolakala effngomeni leffnyenff: kuhleleka kwemigca,<br />

timvumelwano, kuchumana, imphindvwa nalamanye.<br />

3.5.] Kuhleleka Icwemigca<br />

Usu leligcamile effngomeni leffnyenff ngulelo lekubuka umugca<br />

ngamunye kanje:<br />

Inkhulumosisusa/Sita1imende: Ningibona nginguncedze,<br />

5engetelelo : Ngentiwa lldlott<br />

Sikhuliso : Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />

Sipheffo : Ngincobile Iidloff.<br />

Ngenhla sihlatiye ingomatetsiNcedzesibuka kwakheka kwayo lekutsintsa<br />

inkhulumosisusa, sengetelelo, sikhuliso nesiphetfo.<br />

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Lelisu sibuye silibone engomeni letsi, Ngiwete:<br />

Inkhulumosisuso<br />

5engefelelo<br />

Sikhuliso<br />

Siphetfo<br />

Ngiwete dloti loml<br />

Ngiwelele ngesheya.<br />

Ngesheya kweLubhalule,<br />

Lolungawelwa muntfu phaca.<br />

Engomeni letsl, Hlangonani imigca ihleleke kanje:<br />

Inkhulumosisuso<br />

5engefelelo<br />

Sikhuliso<br />

Siphetfo<br />

Hlanganani sive,<br />

Hlanganani nibe munye,<br />

Hlanganani nibuswe bunye.<br />

Hlanganani nikhulume ngebunye.<br />

Akusito tonkhe tingoma letilandzela lellsu ngobe letinye tigcamisa<br />

kuphindvwa kwenkhulumosisusa kanye noma kabili bese kulandzela<br />

sikhuliso nesiphetfo. Ingoma letsl, Ngwane ihleleke kanje.<br />

Inkhulumosisuso<br />

Inkhulumosisuso<br />

Sikhuliso<br />

Siphetfo<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso.<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />

Sihlanganise slve,<br />

Sihlanganise Ngwane.<br />

Lesinye sibonelo ngulesigcame engomeni yenkholo letsi. Tfuma Mine<br />

lapho kuhlatjelwa kanje:<br />

Inkhulumosisuso<br />

Sikhuliso<br />

Siphetfo<br />

Tfuma mine; tfuma mine. Tfuma mine; tfuma<br />

mine, Tfuma mine; tfuma mine,<br />

Ngiyavuma. ngiyavuma,<br />

Sengiyavuma Nkhosiyami.<br />

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Leyo naleyongoma Icoco Indzaba Jetsile ngelisu lengoma. KubaluJekile<br />

kutsi kubuklslswe kuhleleka kwetakhi, emagama nemigca<br />

embikwekufinyelela engcikitsini lephelele yengoma. Kuhleleka<br />

kwetingoma lokwentiwelaphaakusiso simbelambela, ngako-ke kukhona<br />

letinye tingoma letigabancako tibuye tingene kuletinye tingclkitsi.<br />

3.5.2 Timwmelwano<br />

Timvumelwanotakhi tenkhulumo letiyetibonakaleemagameni engoma.<br />

Tinhlobo tetimvumelwano letetayelekile nguleti letilandzelako:<br />

imvumelwanosicalo, imvumelwanomkhafsini nemvumelwanosigcino.<br />

(a) Imwmelwanosicalo<br />

Imvumelwanosicalo iye ibonakaleekucaleni kweligama lengoma.<br />

Kuye kube takhi letifananako letisetjentiswe emigceni<br />

lelandzelanako.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Ngingumntfwana wenhlanga<br />

Ngiluliswe nkhetihlahla ....<br />

(Inhlanga)<br />

Ngibuke Dlotinchanti,<br />

Ngihole etindleleni takho ...<br />

(Dlotinchanh)<br />

Kwahlangan' emadloti,<br />

Kwasabalal' im/moya lemibi ...<br />

(Indlondlo lenelusiba)<br />

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(b) Imwmelwanosicalo leyecako<br />

Imvumelwanosicalo leyecako ikhombisa kuse1jentiswa kwetakhi<br />

emagameni langafanani, kweciwa umugca.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Ngesibindzi sengwenyama,<br />

Ngemandla enyatsi ....<br />

(Sibindzi)<br />

Ngiyawuyibamba njalo dloti lorni,<br />

Ngiyawuwela.<br />

(Ngiyawuyibamba)<br />

(c) Imwmelwanomkhatsini<br />

Imvumelwano letfolakala emkhatsini wemagama lasemigceni<br />

lelandzelanako. Lapha sitfola takhi letifananako letisebente<br />

emagameni lehlukene.<br />

Tlbonelo:<br />

Dloti lemfundvumalo lengapheli,<br />

Dloti lelutsandvo lolungapheli.<br />

(Ngiwete)<br />

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Hlanganani nibe munye,<br />

Hlanganani nibuswe bunye.<br />

(Hlanganani)<br />

(d) Imvumelwanomkhatsini leyecako<br />

LoluhloboIwemvumelwanolubonakalaemagameni lasemkhatsini<br />

emigceni lemibili lengalandzelani nomaleyehlukwanisweumugca.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Siyawulivusa ngenkhani,<br />

Siyawulivusa ngemandla<br />

(Utile)<br />

Pho, buyaphikelela,<br />

Wo, buyoshoshela.<br />

(Siyawuhlangana)<br />

(e) Imvumelwanosigcino<br />

lofuhlobo Iwemvume(wano fubonokalo ekugcineni kwemigco<br />

Ielandzelanako. Takhi letifanonakotibonakalaemigceni longenhlo<br />

nalongenfosi.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Embili dloti lami,<br />

Embili gogo wami<br />

(Emuvo)<br />

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Hlanganani nibe munye<br />

Hlanganani nibuswe bunye...<br />

(Hlanganani)<br />

Ngiholel' emaweni,<br />

Ngiholel' etintsabeni ...<br />

(Emaweni)<br />

Babe ungishiyile<br />

Make uhambile .,.<br />

(Bangishiyile)<br />

(f) Imvumelwanosigcino leyecako<br />

Lena yimvumelwano lebonakala ngekwehlukaniswa umugca.<br />

Takhi tibonakala emigceni lemibili lengalandzelani. noma<br />

leyehlukaniswe umugca lowehlukile emkhatsini.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Asibambane tfongo lami,<br />

Asibambane mholi wami ...<br />

(Asibambane)<br />

Ngihlab' umkhosi webunye<br />

Ngwane wemahlabatsi simunye<br />

(Simunye)<br />

Ugcwel' ebagcoki;<br />

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Ugcwer ebachamuki ...<br />

(live)<br />

Timvumelwano tiletsa sigci engomeni. Sigci sigcanyiswa takhi<br />

letifananako letiseljentiswe ekucaleni. ekhatsi nasekugcineni kwemigca.<br />

Uma sibuka takhi sisuke sikhuluma ngetimvumelwano. kantsi uma<br />

sikhuluma ngemagama laphelele sicondzise eluchumanweni.<br />

3.5.3 Luchumano<br />

Kusebentakweligama Iinyeemigcenilelandzelanako kutsiwaluchumano.<br />

Indzawo lekuseljentiswe kuyo emagama iveta luhlobo Iwekuchumana<br />

noma Iweluchumano. Thwala (2000: 232) uphawula ngekuseljentiswa<br />

kwemagama emigceni lelandzelanako kanje:<br />

This is a type of scheme which looks at balance in a<br />

corresponding opposing orantithetical way. .. The pattem<br />

of poetic diction carries a parallelism of the members or<br />

parallellsimusmembrorum. This is an ordering ofthe ideas or<br />

intentions expressed in the two lines. It is. however. stressed<br />

that parallelism creates regularity, rhythm and focuses<br />

attention on the main point.<br />

Tinhlobo letetayelekile teluchumano:<br />

luchumanomkhatsini neluchumanosigcino.<br />

(a) Luchumanosicalo<br />

luchumanosicalo.<br />

Luchumanosicalo lubonakala ekucaleni kwemigca<br />

lelandzelanako. Uyaseljentiswa Iigama noma likhombisa titfo<br />

tenkhulumo letingafani. Noko tibonelo letinyenti teluchumano<br />

85


letikuletingoma tikhonjiswa titfo tenkhulumo letifananako.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Vuma mntfwanelidloti<br />

Vuma kulabalele ...<br />

(Vuma)<br />

Ningifsandzile labadzala,<br />

Ningifsandzile bokhokho bami ...<br />

(Ningitsandzile)<br />

Buya sitewuticeketsa,<br />

Buya mtsakatsi wetigodvo ...<br />

(Yerntsokotsl)<br />

(b) Luchumanosicalo lolwecako<br />

Lapha kuye kuseljentiswe Iigama Iinye emigceni lengalandzelani<br />

noma leyehlukaniswe ngumugca munye lowehlukile.<br />

Tibanelo:<br />

Nom' uchamuka kaNgwane,<br />

Nom' uchamuka koZulu.<br />

(Ungumntfwanelidloh)<br />

Aph' ernondlo?<br />

Asetikhulwini<br />

Aph' emafa<br />

Asetinjingeni.<br />

(Akulandvwa)<br />

86


Siyakhuleka babe,<br />

Siyabingelela babe ...<br />

(Siyakhuleka)<br />

(e) Luchumanosigcino lolwecako<br />

Laphakuse1jentiswe IigamaIinyeemigceni lengalandzelani ngobe<br />

yehlukaniswe ngumugca munye lowehlukile.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

Emantini ngiyawutfwasa,<br />

Ngenkhani!<br />

Esikhupheni ngiyawutfwasa,<br />

Ngenkhani!<br />

(Ngenkhani)<br />

Labangati Iidloti<br />

Bayawulal' umlalela futsi,<br />

Labangati Iidloti ...<br />

(Bayawusala)<br />

Ingoma kuba yingoma lemnandzi, levakaloko, leyendlulisa umlayeto<br />

ngekusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene teluchumano letiletsa kugcizelela<br />

nekuheha. Bugagu betangomabusetingomeni, ekugidzeni nosekwenteni<br />

imisebenti yato yebungoma legcamisa:<br />

• Kusebent/sana kahle nebantfungencayet/mo letimatimalabosuke<br />

babukene nato; kanye<br />

• Nemoyalophosl, lopholile, wekwemUkelatonkhetinhlobotebantfu<br />

ngenhloso yekubasita: tidlova, tindzindzi, timphambananhloko,<br />

88


3.5.4 Imphinclvwa<br />

tichwensi, tiphephane. tinchavitsi nalabanye.<br />

Imphindvwa isho kuphindzeka kwemigca etindzaweni letitsite ngenhloso<br />

yekugcizelela nekuletsa sigcingoma nekwendlulisa umbiko.<br />

Tibonelo:<br />

(a) Imigca lelandzelanako<br />

Ngwane welimangaliso,<br />

Ngwane welimangaliso . . .<br />

(Ngwane)<br />

Tfuma mine; #fuma mine.<br />

Tfuma mine;#fuma mine ...<br />

([fuma mine)<br />

(b) Kwecisa umugca munye -<br />

Uphi Ndvungunye<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Uphi Somhlolo<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Bobabe bakhashane.<br />

Bakhashane<br />

Bobabe base Mgobhodzi<br />

Bakhashane<br />

(Bobabe bakhashane)<br />

89


Lomhlaba ucedze bokltsl,<br />

Vuma baphansi.<br />

Baphelile bakitsi.<br />

Vuma baphansi...<br />

(Baphelile)<br />

(c) Imphindvwasingeniso<br />

Ngelami le/idloti, ngitawuhamba nalo,<br />

Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nato...<br />

(Ngitawuhamba nolo)<br />

Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />

Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />

(Emaliba)<br />

Cd) Imphindvwasiphelfo<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lami,<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />

Clmphangele)<br />

Ayivuke, ingalali phasi,<br />

Ayivuke, ingolali phasi.<br />

(Yedzadzewetfu)<br />

Etingomeni tetangoma kugcama kusebenta kwelulwimi IwesiSwoti<br />

lolunotsile futsilolutsintsaemasiko nemihambo yesintfu. Umuntfu leliSwati<br />

akatikhobosi ngebuSwati bakhe ngobe loko kwadalwo nguMdali futsi<br />

angekekuntjinlje. Tangoma tiyatigcabhangebungomabate lakeukuva<br />

lapho tihlabela titsi:<br />

90


Angitentanga ngentiwa lid/on<br />

Angitentanga ngentiwa lid/oti.<br />

Tingoma tihambelana nemasiko nelulwimi ngako-ke kumele<br />

tilondvoloteke tingashabalali. Tingoma tetangoma tigcamisa bu-Afriko,<br />

buntfu, tinchubo netindlela tekuphila letitsintsa yonkhe imikhakha<br />

yemphilo: kujabula nekujabha, buhle nebubi, kuphila nekuro, intfokoto<br />

nelusizi nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />

Lubisi (2002: 187) uphawula ngelulwimi Iwendzabuko lesicabanga.<br />

sibhudze. siphahle futsi sihlelembise tintfo ngalo kanje:<br />

Kutfo/ake/e nekutsi bantfu bendzabuko baya/unyembenya<br />

/u/wimi /wabo /wasekhaya bachakambise /u/wimi<br />

/webachamuki. Loku kuJimata sive sonkhe ngobe emasiko<br />

esive ase/u/wimini /waso nangabe bantfu bangasa/utsandzi<br />

/u/wimi/wabo Joke kwentakutsinemasiko bangasawatsandzi<br />

kantsi kukhu/unywa ngekuvuse/e/wa kabusha kweJivekati te­<br />

Afrika /ekudzinga kutsi Ju/wimi ./wemdzabu /ufundziswe<br />

bachamuki. Kunyembenya /ulwimi Iwasekhaya kufana<br />

nekutitondza wena utihheletele. Akumange kube Jiphutsa<br />

kutsikube nemikhankhaso yekukhu/uma tilwimi tebemdzabu<br />

etikhungweni temiphakatsi kute nebachamuki<br />

batewusibona sizatfu sekutsi bafundze tilwimi te-Afrika<br />

bangaloku basolomone babhaca ngesitfupha. Tilwimi<br />

tasekhaya atisetjentiswe kuwo onkhe emazinga emfundvo.<br />

AJikho Jive /e/ake /atfutfuka Jisebentisa /u/wimi /wa/elinye live.<br />

Etingomeni kulopho kutfolakala khona lulwimi Iwesive lolucuketse<br />

emasiko nemihambo yesive. Tangoma bantfu lababambelele<br />

enchubeni yebungoma neyesive. Bugabazi bebungoma bunemtselela<br />

91


kulo lonkhe luhlobo Iwe1ingoma.<br />

Tingoma tetangoma tinato tonkhe timphawu letibakhona etingomeni<br />

temtsimba, te1ifo, tebutimba, telilima neteticubulo. Tikhona letinye<br />

tingoma tetangoma letiye tihlaijelelwe njengemahubo ngenca<br />

yemdvumo wato lowesekelwe 1igubhu. Sangoma sitsatsa indzawo<br />

yemmemefi noma umholi lapho sihaya. Loko sikubona kahle<br />

kuletibonelo le1ilandzelako:<br />

Ummemeti<br />

Watsints' iNdlavela udzakwe yini?<br />

Udzakwe yini? Udzakwe yini?<br />

Ummemeti<br />

mphiyetfu<br />

Imphiyetfu<br />

92<br />

Inhlwayo<br />

Watsints' iNdlavela udzakwe yini?<br />

Udzakwe yini? Udzakwe yini?<br />

Inhlwayo<br />

Yemancamu<br />

Siyawufela khona<br />

Yamancamu<br />

Siyawufela khona.


TIngcikitsi tetangoma tivela kahle lapho sekubukwe umdvumo loIetfwa<br />

timvumelwano, luehumano naletinye tinhlobo tekuphindza emalunga,<br />

imigea netindzima letise1jentisiwe etingomeni.<br />

3.6 SIPHETFO<br />

Imiva yetangoma ivela kahle etingomeni. TIngoma tiyindlela yekukhuluma<br />

kwetangoma nemmango. TIsebentisa tingoma natikhuluma nagobela,<br />

umndeni nesive. Tonkhe tingoma tetangoma tiyakhuluma futsi tinemibiko<br />

letiyetfulako. Leyomibiko yetfulwa ngemakhono latsite. Ingeikitsi yengoma<br />

ihambisana nemiva. Uma ingoma ibalisa igeamisa lusizi nekungeneliswa. Uma<br />

ingoma iyelutsandvo igeamisa intfokoto nebunye.<br />

TIngoma tiluhlobo lolutsite Iwetinkondlo ngenea yaletimphawu letilandzelako:<br />

tingeikitsi, kwakheka lokugeamisa takhiwo tangephandle: imphindvwa,<br />

timvumelwano, luchumano naletinye; takhiwo tangekhatsi: slronlso.<br />

sifanisongco, sihabiso naletinye.<br />

TIngoma tetangoma tieanjwa ngetigameko letitsite njengaleti: Baphelile,<br />

Ngitawuhambanalo,Angisalalinaletinye. TIyaeanjwa nangetilwane njengaleti:<br />

Imphangele, Ncedze, Indlondlo lenelusiba naletinye. Letinyenti titsintsa<br />

emadloti njengaleti: Tfongo lami, Ngelidloti lami, Ungumnffwanelidloti,<br />

naletinye. Letinye tisieelo sekutsi kubekhona lokwentiwako: Ayihlome, Vulani,<br />

Asibambane naletinye.<br />

TIngoma tetangoma tiyinkhulumo nembiko loehumanisa sangoma nesive<br />

etimeni letitsiteletehlukenetemphilo. TInyentitingoma letihayelwe umewaningi<br />

tangoma, kepha kuye kwakhetfwa letimbalwa letieondzene netingeikitsi<br />

letikhetsiwe.<br />

94


SEHLUK04<br />

4.0 TANGOMA, T1HlAHLA/IMITSI NETIFO<br />

4.1 SINGENISO<br />

Lapha kubukwa kusebenta kwetihlahla. Uma sikhuluma ngetihlahla esiSwatini<br />

sikhuluma ngemitsi. Tihlahla tibaluleke kakhulu emphilweni yemaSwati ngobe<br />

tenta imisebenti leminyenti leyehlukene. Ngaphandle kwetihlahla sive<br />

besiyewushabalala ngenca yetifo letinyenti. Umsumpe noma umsinsi<br />

wekutimilela ukholelwa etihlahleni kakhulu ngobe tisisekelo semphilo<br />

yalabasemphakatsi nasemmangweni. Sangoma ngumuntfu losebentisa imitsi<br />

ngendlela lafundziswe ngayo, ngako-ke asigudluki emfundzisweni yaso. Ngiko<br />

nje akusilula kutsi uffole sangoma sisebentisa imitsi ngendlela lehlaneketelwe.<br />

Imitsiitawubukwangekwetimila letinkhulu naletincane, tinffo temvelo, netilwane<br />

letinkhulu naletincane. Kutawubukwa leso naleso simila nesilwane<br />

ngekuhambelanangekusetjentiswakwasoekwakheni emakhambi lasetjentiswa<br />

sangoma ngenhloso yekuphilisa labagulako, yekuphumelelisa<br />

labangaphumeleli, yekukhutsata labadzinga kukhutsatwa. Konkhe loku<br />

lokutawubukwangekwetimila netilwane ngulokolokungaphambaninetindlela,<br />

tento netimiso temadloti neMvelinchanti.<br />

Tihlahla tisisekelo semphilo yetangoma. Tangoma kuba tangoma ngetihlahla.<br />

Tihlahla tingumsuka, luphawu netinkhomba temphilo. Uye uve emaSwati<br />

akihuluma ctst -Tih/ah/a ta/esa sangoma tivosebento". Ngemavi latayelekile<br />

kusukwe kucondvwe kutsl, -/mitsi ya/esa sangoma iyasebenta. " UMvelinchanti<br />

wayidala imitsi kutsi isetjentiswe ngendlela lefanele.<br />

95


Tsandza Tfumbela (2002)6 eMpuluzi uchaza kanje:<br />

Imitsiyemdzabu yentaimisebentileminyentiemtimbeniwemuntfu.<br />

Kukhona lenyakatisa imisipha njengalena lelandzelako:<br />

umdakane, umtfombotsi, umlahlankhosi, naleminYe. Imitsi<br />

leyelapha imikhuhlane ngulena: emangwe, Jikhatsato,<br />

umhlonyane, naleminye. Imitsi leye/apha luchucho ngulena:<br />

lishongwe, imphila, vutsane, naleminye. Imitsi yesituba ngulena:<br />

sibhaha, liboza, umnyamafsi, na/eminye. Imitsi lebuyisa emandla<br />

iJungise nengati ngulena: ngugweje, umdzabu, umgwenya,<br />

naleminye. Imitsl yetintelezi ngulena: lieimamlilo, mabophe,<br />

nkhungwini, naleminye.<br />

Kulolucwaningo sitawubuka imitsi letsite leyakhiwe ngekusebentisa:<br />

(a) Tilwane tasendle<br />

(b) Tilwane tasekhaya<br />

(c) Tinyoka<br />

(d) Tinyoni<br />

(e) Timila<br />

Umuntfu losangoma noma losebentisa imitsi kumele abe naletimphawu:<br />

• Buclko bekusebentisa nekuhlanganisa imitsi;<br />

• Sineke sekusebenta nebantfu ngobe baphetfwe tifo letehlukene<br />

letibenta batiphatse ngetindlela leteh/ukene;<br />

• Kunakekela tinhlobo tetihlahla noma imitsi nekusebenta kwayo<br />

6 Tsandzo Tfumbelo uchozo ngekusebenta kwemitsi yesintfu.<br />

96


etifweni letehlukene; kanye ne-<br />

• Kutiniketa Iitfuba lelanele ekuhlolisiseni imphilo yemuntfu ngeliso<br />

lemadloti nangeliso lenyama bese uchamuka nesisombululo<br />

masinyane.<br />

4.2 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASENDLE<br />

Tinyenti tilwane tasendle letitawubukwa lapha letinjengendlovu, bhejane,<br />

ingwe, naletinye letinyenti. Lokubalulekile lapha kubuka kubaluleka kwato<br />

ekwakhiweni kwemitsi yesintfu leyelaphako. Minyenti leminye imisebenti<br />

yaletilwane, kepha lapha sibuke kusebenta kwetitfo tate njengetitsako temitsi<br />

nekukhulisa lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />

4.2.1 Bhejane<br />

Bhejane silwane lesinemtimba lomkhulu netimphondvo letimbili<br />

embonjeni. Ngencayemtimbawabhejane lomkhulu, bantfu bayebabite<br />

umuntfu losindvwa ngumtimbalomkhulu ngabhejane. Kufaniswabukhulu<br />

bemtimba. Bhejane ulandzela indlovu ngebukhulu bemtimba.<br />

Lokunyelokuphawulekakongabhejane, silwanelesitfolakala sitihambela<br />

sodvwana. Uma basuke bahamba bababili kusuke kulitfole nenina.<br />

Bantfu nabakhuluma baye batsi uhamba wedvwa ungubhejane yini?<br />

Ngobesilwanelesinemehlolamancanelesingabonisisi kahle kuye kutsiwe<br />

awuboni ungubhejaneyini? Lokungaboni kahle kusenta lesilwane siyive<br />

intfo ichamuka khashane bese sicondza kuyo ngelulaka. Bantfu<br />

bawubalekela ngekugibela etihlahleni letindze ngobe bayati kutsi<br />

awukwati kugibela emtsini. Bantfu baye batsi nabakhuluma bodvwana<br />

batsi unelulaka Iwabhejane.<br />

97


Uma umuntfu lomsikati atetfwale waze wengcelwa sikhatsi setinyanga<br />

letatiwako, bantfu baye batsi ungubhejane ngobe umitsa umnyaka<br />

netinyanga letintsatfu. Lokunye lokuphawulekako ngabhejane kudla<br />

emacembe, emagala etihlahla nemanyeva lokukhombisa kutsi<br />

sidJaluhlafa. Uma utingelwa bhejane kuye kubelula kumbulala<br />

ngekumgubhela umdzibi latawungena kuwo angabe asakhona<br />

kuphuma ngobe akusilula kubhekana nelulaka Iwakhe.<br />

Ematsambo abhejane asetjentiselwa emitsini yemiklwebho, imibhulelo<br />

netinsiti tetibhobo. Bhejane silwane lesimilwa tilondza emakhwapheni<br />

kusukela sinemnyaka munye. Letilondza atipholi tibhibha aze ayota<br />

bhejane. Letilondza tisetjentiswa tangoma noma tinyanga ekwelapheni<br />

tilondza letingalapheki kubantfu. Umuntfu lonetilondza letibhibhako kuye<br />

kutsiwe: unetilondza letibhibhako ungubhejane yini?<br />

Lesikuphawulile ngabhejane nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />

• Umtimba lomkhulu;<br />

• Kuhamba yedvwana;<br />

• Kungaboni kahle emehlweni nekuba neludlebe;<br />

• Kudla luhlata;<br />

• Kungatingeleki kalula;<br />

• Kumitsa sikhatsi lesidze;<br />

• TIlondza letibhibhako;<br />

• Nemitsi yekwelapha.<br />

Emagabazi elulwimi aye asebentise timonkhulumo kanje:<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Umtimba wakhe wabhejane.<br />

Unemtimba lomkhulu kakhulu.<br />

98


4.2.2 Ubhubesi<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

fnchazefo<br />

Ube sebufatini njengabhejane.<br />

Utetfwafe sikhatsi fesengcife<br />

kulesetayelekile.<br />

Ubhubesikuye kutsiwe yingwenyama ngoba Iiyinkhosi yetifwane. Silwane<br />

lesesabeka kakhulu ngenca yelulaka Iwaso lolwetfusako. Sinemdlonga<br />

loyephufelakoleso lesidvuna. Labatikhufumelako bayebatsi: Akusilulaka<br />

yingwenyamal Akusimdlonga welibhubesi! Ubhubesi silwane lesitsandza<br />

indzawo lenemahlatsi noma tihlahla letichelelene ngoba Iifuna kubona<br />

titsa talo tiseta khashane.<br />

Emabhubesi aye ahambe ndzawonye abengumhlambi. Kuye kutsiwe:<br />

Nimunye njengemndeni wemabhubesi! Ubhubesi silwane lesaliwa<br />

yindlala. Sitsi singalamba sibambe noma yini lokuyinyama. Ubhubesi<br />

lisidlanyama. Tikhulumi tiye titsi: Waliwa yindlala njengelibhubesi. Udla<br />

timbuti, timvu, tinkhomo, tinyatsi, emadvuba, tindlulamitsi, tinkonkoni<br />

naletinye tilwane.<br />

Butimba abuphumi buyewutingela emabhubesi kungakacelwa<br />

emadlotini kutsi abasite baphunyule emifonyeni yetingwenyama.<br />

Ubhubesi sifwane lesingafi sodvwono, sifa nafabanyenti.<br />

Emafutsa elibhubesi angumutsi wesitfunti wetikhufu. Tikhulu letinyenti<br />

tisetjentwa ngemafutsa elibhubesi kuze tihlonishwe futsi tesatjwe.<br />

Angumutsi lomkhulu futsi wekwakha Iibandla. Esikhatsini lesinyenti<br />

ahlanganiswa naleminye imitsi bese kugatwa ngawo. Ematsambo alo<br />

akha tinyamatane tekubhunyisa netinsiti tekuchapha ludzengelo.<br />

99


Lesikuphawulile ngelibhubesi nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />

4.2.3 Ingwe<br />

• Kuhlonishwa njengenkhosi yetilwane;<br />

• Lulaka lolwetfusako nenkhani;<br />

• Kubutana kwemabhubesi abe ngumhlambi;<br />

• Kungatingeleki kalula; futsi<br />

• Nemitsi yekwelapha.<br />

Ingwe silwane lesesabekako lesihlala emahlatsini lacinene. Silwane<br />

lesinemazipho lacijile, lesinelulaka futsi lesingatingeleki kalula. Uma<br />

sihlasela sishesha njengembani.<br />

Ingwe inemabala lamnyama nalamhlophe. Ngiko nje batsi ingwe idla<br />

ngemabala. Emabala avo mahle ayaheha. Silwane lesihle kakhulu lesi<br />

lesicishe sifanane nenja lenkhulu. Siyatsandza kugibela esihlahleni.<br />

Silwane lesidla inyama kuphela njengemabhubesi. Sidla tinyamatane,<br />

tinyoni, emagundvwane, timbila netimfene. Labatiko batsi ingwe iyatifela<br />

ngenyama yemfene.<br />

Tingwe timihlobo leminyenti. Kukhona leva lebitwa ngekutsi lihlosi<br />

leyatiwa ngelitubane kakhulu. Yona yehluke kancane engweni<br />

lesiyetayele. Sikhumba nemazipho engwe kwentiwa ngako imvunulo<br />

yemakhosi. Bantfwana benkhosi nayo inkhosi lucobo Iwayo<br />

bebabonakala ngemvunulo leyentiwe ngesikhumba sengwe.<br />

Emagagu elulwimi asebentisa timonkhulumo kanje:<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Utsandza ingati uyingwe yini?<br />

Kushiwo kulotsandza inyama kakhulu.<br />

100


4.2.4 Imphisi<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Ulicancamtsini uyingwe yini?<br />

Kushiwo kutsandza kugibela emtsini<br />

kubanjeielwe emagaleni njengengwe.<br />

Imphisi silwane lesibi lesihamba lugugumbe. Silwane lesinemadlebe<br />

lamakhulu nemsila lewuyikatelako. Ingangenja lenkhulu kakhulu. Sisu<br />

soyo sihlala silenga ngenca yekusutsa njalo. Silwane lesatiwa ngekuba<br />

nemhlatsi nematinyo lacinile. Ikwati kuhlafuna ematsambo ngisho noma<br />

acine kangakanani. Kutsiwa yehlulwa ngelentsamo yemuntfu kuphela,<br />

ngiko nje kutsiwa lesehlulamphisi.<br />

Imphisi silwane lesidla tinsalela letishiywe ngemabhubhesi netingwe.<br />

Silwane lesatiwa ngebugwala lapho sibona umuntfu. Kutsiwa ivele<br />

itibalekele nje. Iphila ngekutinyonyobela tilwane letinyenti bese<br />

iyatibamba iyatidla. Yona silwane lesetfusako sibili.<br />

Babe Mlandzeli VilakaW (2002) eDlomodlomo utsi:<br />

Batsilitfonya loyo tinkhophe tayo letenta tilwane tetele bese<br />

iyatibulala itidle. Ayinalo ludvonsi njengobe bantfu bahlala<br />

bakhuluma batsi kushiswe ludvonsi Iwemphisi. Kusuke<br />

kusetjentiswe tinkhophe tayo uma kulaliswe bantfu ekhaya<br />

ngenhloso yekwenta lokutsile.<br />

Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi imphisi i1andzela eluhaleni Iwetingwenyama<br />

netingwe. Idla konkhe lokufile. Silwane lesitingeleka kalula ngobe<br />

siligwala. Lokusetjentiswa betemitsi emphisini tinkhophe letitsakwa<br />

7 Mlandzeli Vilakali eDlomodlomo uchaza lakwa1iko ngesilwane imphisi<br />

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entelezini yemphi ngekutibhica nankhungwinL imidlwane lengakaboni<br />

emehlweni nenyoka leyimphumphutse. Inhloso bekukutsitsibalisa labo<br />

labahlaselwako babanjwe butfongo bagcine balele. kube shangatsi<br />

batHe. Ematsambo emphisi ekubetsela imiti abuye asetjentiswe<br />

nasetintelezini tekwelapha.<br />

4.2.5 Ingwenya<br />

Ingwenya silwane lesiphlla emantini nangaphandle kwemanti<br />

etindzaweni letishisako. Sikhumba sengwenya sicine kakhulu. Inematinyo<br />

lahlala angaphandle ngisho iwuvalile umlomo. Emfuleni isuke ipholisa<br />

umtimba. kantsi ngaphandle elusebeni Iwemfula isuke ituna<br />

kufudvumala.<br />

Ingwenya idla inyama. Bantfu baye batsi utsandza inyama uyingwenya<br />

yini? Kutsiwauma ingwenya ike yabamba umuntfu wagcina aphunyulile<br />

kuyo ngencayenhlanhla yakhekayimkhohlwa. Isukeseyihlephule ticubu<br />

letitsite kuloyomuntfu. Kusuke sekunekuvana kwetingati yengwenya<br />

neyalowomuntfu. Labo labatingelatingwenya bayebatsatse loyomuntfu<br />

baye nave emfufeni bayewutidvonsa ngaye. Kutsiwa tiye tehle tenyuke<br />

emfufeni ngobetimuva akhashane. Labo labatitingelako baye baticibe<br />

noma batibhokodze ngemikhonto ngaphasi lapho kutsambe khono,<br />

bagcine batibulele.<br />

Sikhumba sengwenya kwentiwa tikhwama, ticatfulo, emabhande<br />

nalokunye lokunyenti lokuhle. Emafutsa engwenya angumutsi<br />

wekuvimba sidliso. Buchopho nesibindzikusetjentiswa babulali. Akekho<br />

umuntfu lotakelwa buchophonomasibindzi sengwenya ekudleni aphile.<br />

kepha leta tintfo timjuba ngesikhashana ate nya.<br />

Elulwimini IwesiSwati ingwenya iye isetjentiswe lapho kugcanyiswa<br />

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4.2.7 Inkonkoni<br />

Hhashilebakhunkhuli,<br />

Magiijelwa kubhekw' emuva,<br />

Boya buyaphuphutela,<br />

Lukhobo lugewele buso,<br />

Magadvul' ebusuku<br />

Kugadvulw' eminil<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inehazelo<br />

Maye bumfene busengatini yakhel<br />

Tento takhe tebulwane, ikakhulu imfene,<br />

leyamaniswa nebutsakatsL bubl.<br />

kwedzelela, kweba nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />

Yinyamatane lenkhulu ngangenkhomo leeishe ifanane nenyatsi.<br />

Inetimphondvo letivulekile, intjebe nemsila lolishoba lelimnyama.<br />

Yinyamatane ledla1jani lobufishane. Itsandza kunatsa emanti. Tinkonkoni<br />

tihamba tibe ngumhlambi. Umhlambi lomkhulu wetinkonkoni uye<br />

ubonakale uma kudlange somiso. Inkonkoni ikwati kuhogela lokuta<br />

khashane kunekukubona ngemehlo. Udvuba inyamatane levame<br />

kutfolakala ekhatsi kwetinkonkoni; lona Iinemehlo labukhali lakwati<br />

kubona lokuta khashane.<br />

Inkonkoni idla tjani lobutsambile. Inyama yenkonkoni iyadliwa futsi<br />

imnandzi kakhulu uma yentiwe umewebu. Ematsambo, timphondvo<br />

nesikhumba senkonkoni kwetsakwa tinsiti netinyamatane temiklwebho<br />

nemibhulelo. Ushoba lenkonkoni Iiseijentiswa tangoma. Uma sangoma<br />

sigidza sisuke siphetse lona Iishoba lenkonkoni esandleni siloku<br />

silinyakatisa. Uma kunukwe umtsakatsi lapho tangoma betibhula<br />

umkhaya ushaywa ngelishoba lenkonkoni.<br />

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Emagabazi elulwimi asebentisa timonkhulumo kanje:<br />

4.2.8 Imvubu<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Ngihogela luhala Iwemagumbi onkhe<br />

ngiyinkonkoni yinl?<br />

Angikwati kwati lokwenteka yonkhe<br />

indzawo.<br />

Shoba lenkonkoni!<br />

Kushiwo sangoma lucobo Iwaso; Iishoba<br />

lelilisebentisako kanye nemuntfu<br />

wesibongo<br />

sakaShoba.<br />

Imvubu silwane lesibalwa netindlovu nabobhejanengebukhulu. Belungu<br />

bayibita ngekutsi yihippopofamus lokuligama lelisuselwa elulwimini<br />

IwesiGriki hippos lokusha kutsi horse/lihhashi, polamos kutsi river/umfula<br />

ngalakuphelele lelisha kutsi river horse/lihhashi lemfula. Silwane lesicitsa<br />

sikhatsi lesinyenti emantini kuncsevenl kantsi siyakwati kuphila emantini<br />

naseveni.<br />

Silwanelesikhulu lesinemilente lemifishane nemtimba lobukeka ungcunu.<br />

Imilente netinyawo temvubu kufishane ngendlela yekutsi icishe itsintse<br />

phasi lapho ihamba. Inhloko yemvubu yinkhulu. Umlomo wemvubu<br />

mudze kwendlula yetilwane tonkhe ngaphandle kwewemkhoma.<br />

Inematinyo lamakhulu lahlala edjile asike umhlanga. tjani lobudze<br />

naletinye titfomba letitfolakala emantini. Silwane lesivame kutfolakala<br />

emachibini nasemifuleni lemikhulu. Emantinisikwati kubhukusho, kweca.<br />

kucwila. kuntanta nekugijima masinyane. Emhlabatsini ikwati kugijima<br />

njengemuntfu.<br />

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Sikhumbasemvubusisetjentiswa bahwebingekwentatikhwama. ticatfulo,<br />

emabhande, emabhulukwe netiketi. Tangoma tisebentisa emafutsa<br />

emvubu ekuhlanganiseni emakhubalo. tintelezi netimbita letinemandla.<br />

Uma sikhuluma ngemvubu siphawula ngaloku:<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

4.2.9 Imitsi ngetinyoka<br />

Umlomo wemvubu.<br />

Kuba nemlomo lomkhulu.<br />

Umtimba wemvubu<br />

Kuba nemtimba lomkhulu. lonyakata<br />

kalula futsi lokwati kuwusebentisa<br />

ngekutsandza.<br />

TInyoka tilwane letesabekako letitfolakalakhashanenalaphokunebantfu<br />

khona. Kukhona letinkhulu naletincane. letiyingoti naletingesiyo ingoti.<br />

Etinyokeni kusetjentiswa tikhumba netibiba.<br />

(a) Imamba<br />

Imamba yinyoka lenkhulu, lenemandla, lenesivinini futsi leyingoti.<br />

Kasenene (1993: 48) uphawula ngemamba atsi:<br />

The mamba snake has special powers, different from<br />

other snakes. When a person suffers from<br />

ematufunyane, a typeofspiritpossession, for example,<br />

he or she is instructed to wear a mamba skin. This is<br />

believed to ward offthe spirit.<br />

Imamba yinyoka letfolakala ehlanzeni. etindzaweni letigudla<br />

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(b) Imfeti<br />

emacentselo elwandle. Itfolakala emigodzini, etidvulini, ematjeni<br />

naseticiwini tetihlahla.<br />

Sivinini salenyoka sifaniswa nesembani. Ayikho invoke leshesha<br />

njengalena. Iyakwati kugibela emtsini nekuhamba ngesivinini<br />

lesikhulu esihlabatsini. Uma kwentekile wahlangana novo. kumele<br />

ungayeleki ngesitfunti noma uphakamise sandia. Mani uyilindze<br />

ihambe. Tangoma tiyatisebentisa titfo talenyoka ekwakheni<br />

tintelezi, emakhubalo nemibhulelo. Yinyoka lesetjentiswa belaphi<br />

nebabulali. Labelaphako bayisebentisa ekwelapheni<br />

emafufunyane, tive, sitfutfwane neliconsi, noma kuphambanelwa<br />

ngumcondvo.<br />

Imfeti yinyoka leyicishe ifanane naphemphetfwane. Iyatsandza<br />

kusondzela emakhaya ngobe iye ibonakale emitsangaleni,<br />

emigodzini yemihlwa neyemabuti.<br />

Imfeti idvume ngekukhafulelana ngematse laphuma ematinyweni<br />

avo lanebutsi. Labatiko batsi nayikukhafulele ngematse avo<br />

emehlweni ayavaleka uphendvuke imphumphutse. Kumele<br />

kuphutfunywe kutfolakale umuntfu lomsikati lomunyisako akhamele<br />

lubisi Iwakhe esitjeni bese kugezwa ngalo emehlo.<br />

Labalaphako basebentisa sibiba, Iibutela naletinye titfo temfeti<br />

ekwelapheni tifo.<br />

Tilwane tibaluleke kakhulu emphilweni yemaswati ngekukhulisa<br />

lulwimi, ngemisebenti yotoyetemvelo, ekutsakeniimitsiyekwelapha<br />

nasekucanjweni kwetibongo. Tibonelotetibongonomatinanotelo<br />

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leticanjwe ngetilwane nguleti:<br />

(i) Sinanate/o ngesi/wane<br />

Ginindza Mamba<br />

Msibi Ndlondlo<br />

Cembi Bhungane<br />

Cibane Shongololo<br />

Lushozi Dvuba<br />

Mabuya Ngwenya<br />

Mdluli Nyoka<br />

Ngubeni Nkhomo<br />

Phoswa Nyoni<br />

(ii) Sibongo ngeti/wane<br />

Dvuba Mbuyazi<br />

Mvemve Magasela<br />

Ndlovu Gatjeni<br />

Ngwenya Mntimandze<br />

Budlelwane lobukhona etilwaneni nasebantfwini bukhulu kakhulu,<br />

ngako-ke kumele tilondvoloteke kahle etichiwini kuze situkulwane<br />

sikwati kutiOOna. Imifanekiso nemilandvo yato kumele ihlale ikhona<br />

etilondvolotamagugu kuze situkulwane sihlomule. Imphilo<br />

yetilwane iba yinhle ngenca yekunakekela kwesive ngobe<br />

kukunyenti lesikususela kuto: tibongo, tinanatelo, tisho. taga,<br />

tiphicaphicwano netinganekwane.<br />

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4.3 IMITSI NGETILWANETASEKHAYA<br />

Uma sikhuluma ngetilwane tasekhaya sisuke sisho lnkhukhu. inja, lrnvu, imbuti,<br />

Iikati,Iihhashi nenkhomo. Sitsi tasekhaya ngobetisuke tifuyiwe ekhaya. Kukhona<br />

letinye letingakafuywa kepha letitifuye tona ngekwato letifana netimbungulu,<br />

tintfwala, emazeze nemagundvwane. Leso naleso silwane seyamaniswa<br />

netento letinhle naletimbi.<br />

Belaphi baye basebentise inkhomo, imbuti nenkhukhu ekwelapheni<br />

nasekwenteni imisebenti lephatselene nalabaphasi. Kuye kukhulunywe<br />

ngekwelapha tifo, kuvulwa kwetinhlanhla; kuchumana nemadloti nalokunye<br />

lokwakhako lokunyenti. Batsakatsi noma baloyi ngabo labeyamaniswa<br />

netilwane letttfolakaia emakhaya tibe tingakafuywa. Esikhatsini lesinyenti<br />

tilwane tebaloyi, tetichitfo nemalumbo leti:<br />

Silwane Lesiyamaniswa noko<br />

Timphungane Kungcola netifo<br />

Emaphela Kungcola netifo<br />

Emazeze Kungcola nebuncane<br />

Tintfwala Kungcola. kudla ingati yalabanye<br />

Timbungulu/Tinsikiti Kungcola. kudla ingati yalabanye<br />

Emakati Butsakatsi. bunono<br />

Emagundvwane<br />

Ema1jeketje<br />

Kungcola nekungetsembeki<br />

Buncane<br />

Ebantfwini bonkheimfenesilwane sasendlefutsilesiphila imphilo yasendle, kants!<br />

kubatsakatsi silwone sosekhayo lesifuyiwe, lesitfunywako, lesigitjelwoko futsi<br />

lesiseljentiswako.<br />

Tilwane tosekhaya letibalulekile futsi letatiwako nguleti:<br />

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4.3.1 Inkhukhu<br />

4.3.2 Imbuti<br />

Inkhukhu silwane sasekhaya lesifuywako ngekutsi sakhelwe Iihhoko.<br />

Tangoma tiyatisebentisa tinkhukhu lapho telapha tifo letitsite. TInkhukhu<br />

letetayelekile kuba ngulemnyama, lemhlophe nalemphangele.<br />

Kuyekuse1jentiswe ingati, kulesinyesikhatsi netinsiba tenkhukhu kubhicwe<br />

nemitsi letsite ngenhloso yekususa emashwa noma sinyama bese<br />

kucelwatinhlanhla kulabalele. Emashwa asuswa ngekuhlanta nekugeza<br />

ikakhulu kulabo labasuke:<br />

• Bafuna imisebenti noma balwela kutinta nekukhushulwa<br />

emisebentini; kanye no<br />

• Kutelutsandvo kusetjentiswa bobhekaminangedvwa,<br />

inhlambamasoka, sihlazi lesimhlophe, naleminye.<br />

Emagabazi elulwimi aye abongelele umchudze ngekubuka sirno<br />

nekwenta kwawo kanje:<br />

Chudze limzwezwe,<br />

Washi lasendvuio.<br />

Nalapho ungakhaJi khona<br />

Kuyasa kukhanye bna.<br />

Mphandzabaleni kukhale tikhukhukati.<br />

Imbuti kuse1jentiswa yona emisebentinl yemadloti. Labatiko batsi<br />

kubalulekile kutsi itsi nayihla1jwa ikhale. Umsindvo wave ungiko<br />

kuchumanisa labaphilako nalabalele. Imbuti ibaluleke kakhulu<br />

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4.3.3 Imvu<br />

esangomeni kusukela sisafuna kutsi ngabe singenwe ngumoya<br />

wakaboyisenoma wakabonina, laphokuhla1jwa timbuti letimbili. Kubuye<br />

kuhla1jwe letinye lekhanyisako ngobe icela emadloti kutsi avule<br />

tinhlanhla neyekudJa Icwentfwaso lapho kuye kusetlentiswe titfo letifana<br />

nenyongo, ingati, umswani naletinye.<br />

Tltfo tembuti tibhicwa naleminye imitsi tidliwe ngenhloso yekukhuphuka<br />

nekuhlanganisa emadloti nalabaphilako.<br />

Sangoma asiyidli inyama yemvu. Timvu bekuvame letimnyama,<br />

letibovana, letimphungakati, letimalungakati, naletinye.<br />

Labanye sebayayisebentisa imvu emisebentini letsintsa kuhlangana<br />

kwemindeni ngencayekweswelakala kwetimbuti nekumbaecolokwato.<br />

Loko bakwenta ngobe bagcwalisela kutsi bayicitsile ingati.<br />

BakaMatsenjwa benta imisebenti yabo ngekuhlaba lmvu. hhayi imbuti.<br />

NgesiSwati uma kutsiwa umuntfu uyimvu kusukwe kucondvwe kutsi<br />

ungumuntfu lolungile. Kulunga nebumsulwa bakhe bufaniswa<br />

nebesilwane imvu. Imvu ibuye yeyamaniswe nekuthula kanye<br />

nekutitfoba. Tangoma tisebentisa emafutsa emvu kakhulu ekutsakeni<br />

imitsi yoto yekwelapha.<br />

4.3.4 Inkhomo<br />

Kuya ngekubhula kwesangoma kutsi kumele kuhla1jwe inkhomo lenjani.<br />

Kungaba kuhlabelaIihlambo, kukhulisa umntfwana, kubonga bantfwana,<br />

kubuyiso emadloti naleminye imikhosi yelikhaya lebalulekile. Imibala<br />

111


yetinkhomo kuba ngulomnyama, lobovu nalomhlophe bese kuba<br />

nekuhloba kwayo. Kuyenteka emadloti akhombe lemibala yetinkhomo:<br />

lelunga, lelungakati; lentulo, lentulokati; lemhlakuva; lemhlakuvakati;<br />

lemphofu; lemphofukati; lengwevu; lengwevukati.<br />

Kadzeni tinkhomo betigagulwa ngemibala yoto; kantsi-ke nalamuhla<br />

tangoma atikakuyekeli loko. Tintsintsa ngisho Iisiko leliphatselene nayo<br />

inkhomo. Tikhuluma ngaletinkhomo letilandzelako: Imbeka. lehlatjwa<br />

ngobe kusho inyanga, bese inyama lenyenti iyayitsatsa ihambe nayo.<br />

Umbeka. leniketwa inkhosi yeluhlanga uma isandza kugcotjwa. Sisinga.<br />

yekubonga umelusi ngekwelusa ngebucotfo. Tinyenti letinye letitsintsa<br />

kuganiselana: imbeleka. imvulam/omo, lugege. imvalamlomo. tmvuma,<br />

inhlabisamtsimba. naletinye letinyenti lesingeke senabe ngoto ngobe<br />

tingahambelani nemisebenti yetangoma.<br />

Titfotenkhomo tidliwa ngemuva kwekusebenta kwesangoma nekubika<br />

kwalomdzala ekhaya asashise nemphepho. Lapha sibale titfo<br />

letimbalwa:<br />

Siffo Indzawo Labasidlako<br />

Lubendze/emenyikwe Lunamatsele esiswini Bafana<br />

Lubhedvu Yinhlitiyo nenohoohu Bafana<br />

Emotfumbu Esiswini Wonkhe<br />

Urnhlehlo Unamatsele eluswini Bafeti<br />

Umminzo Kuchochocho Bohlinzi<br />

Sibindzi Edvute neliohophu Umnurnzane<br />

Inhloko Ichumene nentsomo Labodvuna<br />

Insonvorna lohurnc emhlubulweni Bobobe<br />

Sifubo Sehlukoniswa ernhlubulweni Bornake<br />

nasetimbonjeni<br />

Siphanaa Yinyorna yelihlombe Bafana<br />

UrnIente Wehlukoniswe kugaiu kuya Bomeke<br />

envonaeni<br />

Awukho umtsetfo lomisiwe lotsi inyama letsite kumele idliwe ngubuphi<br />

bulili, kepha kwetayela nje kwebantfu lekungafuneki kutsi sikugcizelele.<br />

112


Emagabazi elulwimi aye abongelele inkhomo avete kubaluleka kwayo<br />

kanje:<br />

4.4 TINVONI<br />

Ufa lalabaMphisholo,<br />

Ugugu lemagugu,<br />

Mgcamisi wemasiko,<br />

Mgcamisi wemihambo,<br />

Ufa lebanurnzane.<br />

Leyo naleyonyoni inemsebenti lebaluleke ngawo emhlabeni. Ayikho inyoni<br />

lengenawo umsebenti leyiwentako. Udlanga noma Iingce Iihlanta indzawo<br />

ngekudla konkhe lokubolile. Uhlolamvula Iisibikelangemvula lesukeitewukuna.<br />

Ulandza Iidla imikhatane legcina ngekugulisa tinkhomo. Imphangele yinyama<br />

lemnandzi lewungasima lesingaboni.<br />

TInyoni tihlobisa imvelo. TItfo tetinyani letitsite tinemisebenti lebalulekile<br />

kubelaphi ngekutsi tetsakwe kwakhiwe imitsiyekwelapha. Lapha kutawubukwa<br />

tinyoni letilishumi nayinye nje kuphela.<br />

Inyon; UrnboJa Tanio<br />

Inshe Inemabala lamhlophe Tirnphaphe tihloba emakhosi<br />

nalamnvama<br />

Sohhukulu SUutfutfuva Yinyoni lehlola emashwa<br />

Usoti Umnyama UlandZela liphunna<br />

Lohheva Undvundvu Uhlwits· ematiwele<br />

Umvemve Umphunga Inyoni voseknovo,<br />

umlinctzakhava<br />

Ululwane uoovu; Iimhlophe; limnyama Unebunyoninebugundvwane<br />

lokuphaphalsekile<br />

Umtiivovo Umphofu Undiza usicumbi<br />

Dvoye Umhlophe ngelulu; umnyama UbulaJa nnvoko<br />

nqaphasi<br />

Ingudvudvu Imnyama sokucwebetela Indiza kube ngulencivuna<br />

nalensikati<br />

Inhlava Imnvama lokucnoobctsekne Iholelana etinvosini<br />

Uvukutfu Umhlophe Iokuphaohatsekile Tinvoni letitsanctzanako<br />

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4.4.1 Inshe<br />

Inshe yinyoni lenkhulu kunato tonkheemhlabeni. Yinyoni lendze kakhulu.<br />

Lokuphawulekako kuyo budze bemilente, bentsamo nemlomo. Yinyoni<br />

letalela emacandza lamakhulu. Uma ifukama tiyantjintjana lendvuna<br />

nelensikati ekufutfumaliseni emacandza.<br />

Emacandza enshe asetjentiswa belaphi ngekuwahlanganisa<br />

nemakhambi ekugeza, tinsiti tekuchapha netintelezi tekuchela. Inhloso<br />

kusuke kukwakha sitfunti sekuhlonipheka nekwesatjwa futsi bantfu<br />

labanyenti bangamane bakusukele bakweyamanise netintfo letimbi<br />

naletingemukeleki. Umutsi lowakhiwe ngekubhicaniswa nemacandza<br />

enshe usetjentiselwa kugeza labo lababukene nemacala lamakhulu.<br />

Kuchelwa nemiti ngenhloso yekutsitsibalisa emehlo lamabi.<br />

Kukhula kwelulwimi kuvakala lapho kukhulunywa kutsiwa:<br />

4.4.2 Sohhukulu<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Ulicandza lenshe.<br />

Awutfolakali kalula. Kulukhuni kukutfola<br />

lapho ufunwa.<br />

Ntsamo yenshe! Intsamo yenshe.<br />

Kuba mudze kakhulu ube uphume<br />

ngentsamo.<br />

Milente yenshe! Imilente yenshe.<br />

Kuba mudze kakhulu ube unemilente<br />

leyondzile.<br />

Sahhukulu yinyoni lenemehlo lamakhulu lahlabako. Yinyoni lendiza<br />

ebusuku i1ale emini. Bantfu labanyenti bakholelwa ekutsini yinyoni<br />

114


yemashwa. Kubonakala kwayo ekhaya kusho emashwa, kugula nekufa.<br />

Kwenta baninimuti bakhatsateke kakhulu.<br />

Sohhukulusatiwa ngekutsi yinyoni yebatsakatsi. Kuse1jentiswa yona uma<br />

kutsakatfwa bantfu. Yinyoni lesetjentiswa nemitsi lernlbl, lebhidlitako,<br />

legulisako nalebulalako. Lelinye ligama lalenyoni ngulelitsi sikhova.<br />

Yinyoni yasemahlatsini nasemaweni lena, ngiko nje kwetfusa kuyibona<br />

ekhaya. Labanye bayibita ngekutsi livumakabilinoma ngumandvukulu.<br />

Labakwati kuhumusha tilwimi tetilwane batsi iye ikhale itsi:<br />

Phum' ungibhulel<br />

Phum' ungibhulel<br />

Shu shu nqu nqu .<br />

Shu shu nqu nqu .<br />

Lokuphawulekako ngalenyoni nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />

• Kulala emini. indize ebusuku; kanye<br />

• Nemehlo lahlabako.<br />

Emagabazi aye asebentise lulwimi mayelana nesahhukulu kanje:<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Kuba sohhukulu<br />

Kweyanyaniswa nebutsakatsi, emashwa,<br />

imihlolo nekwenta lokungakalungi<br />

emmangweni.<br />

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Ake sive nansi inganekwane ngalohheya:<br />

Kwenteka ngalelinye liIanga yandiza libanga lelidze<br />

yayowufuna kudlakhashanenelih/atsi. Yashiyaumbiko totsi.<br />

"tinkhukhu nibongigadzela emacandza ami ahlale<br />

aphephile. ' Kwabe kunakashele somiso kulelo live.<br />

TinkhUkhu besetihambe libanga /elidze tichwandza<br />

letingahle tikudle nemantjwe/e ato. Teh/u/eka kukutto/a<br />

kudla ngenca yendlala /eyabe ih/asele live lonkhe.<br />

Tinkhukhu tavuma kutsi titawugadza emacandza aJohheya<br />

aze abuye lapho ayewufuna khona kudla.<br />

Kuhamba kwalohheyane kwaniketa litsemba lekutsi imphilo<br />

/enhle itowubakhona ngobe utawubuya nekudla kudliwe<br />

kuphe/e liphango. Lohheyane abeyewufuna kudla<br />

ngesheya kwemfula lapho tinkhukhu tingeke tiphume/e/e<br />

kufinye/ela khona. Waphuma ekuseni /ohheyane laze<br />

/ayawushona solo angachamuki futsi kungevakali ne/uha/a<br />

Iwakhenje.<br />

Tinkhukhu tagolotela kusukela emini yasentsambama laze<br />

layowushona lilanga solo angachamuki lohheyane.<br />

Kutsiwabetibatse te/ula tintsamo titsi mhlayimbe titambona<br />

achamuka, kodvwa atimbonanga. Tah/angana nesangoli<br />

tatsi:<br />

"Songoli! Songoli! Songoli!<br />

Mbovana sakubalutfutfuva<br />

Nh/alamaweni! Nhlalamaweni!<br />

Sibonisele lohheyane. '<br />

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Salandvula sangoli satsiasikahlangani nalohheyane: kadze<br />

sageina kumbona. Taphatseka kabi tinkhukhu. Taehubeka<br />

neluhambo Iwato. Tahlangana najolobela tatsi:<br />

"Jolobela! Jolobela! Jolobela!<br />

Sisila - sidze! Sisilo - sidze!<br />

Sibonisele lohheyane."<br />

Walandvula jolobela wafsi akamboni lohheyane. Naye<br />

ubuyangesheyakwemfulakodvwaakahlangananganave.<br />

Taphatseka kabi tinkhukhu nativa Iowa mavi. Betiloku<br />

tigolotele lapho aphaphe washona ngakhona. Taehubeka<br />

neluhambo Iwato tinkhukhu. Tahlangana naneedze tatsi:<br />

"Needze! Needze! Needze!<br />

Nyoni leneane elmphunga.<br />

Sibonisele lohheyane."<br />

Walandvula needze wafsi akambonanga lohheyane.<br />

Tadvumateka tinkhukhungekungambonilohheyane. Indlala<br />

bese ibhoke ngemandla. Taphindzela emuva Tinkhukhu<br />

tihamba kaneane ngobe tehlulekile kumbona lohheyane<br />

abeyawutifunela kudla. Tatsi tifika nje ehlatsini takhandza<br />

kutsiemaeandzaalohheyaneadliwe onkhe. Tevangeluhala<br />

nje kuts! bekunemfeti. Titsite tisamangele kwaehamuka<br />

umnumzane lotsile watibamba tonkhe wahamba nato<br />

wayotifuya.<br />

Wabuya lohheyane ngemuva kwemalanga lamabili.<br />

Wakhandza kutsi Iitje lome inhlama. Atikho tinkhukhu.<br />

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Awekho emacandza akhe. Watfukutsela wablla. kodvwa<br />

Iwangabikhona lusito lalutfolako. Wafitfungatsa tinkhukhu<br />

waze wotitfola setifuyiwe. Wafsi, "Benitihlobo tami kodvwa<br />

nyalo senititsa tami. Ngako-ke ngiyakuwahlwitsa<br />

emantjwele enu ngiwadle.:<br />

Butsa bacala lapho-ke emkhatsini walohheyane netinkhukhu.<br />

4.4.5 Umvemve<br />

Umvemve yinyoni lemphunga letsandza kudla ebaleni lemuti. Yinyoni<br />

lenesisidlana lesehla sibuye sikhuphuke. Ayidliwa bantfu labasha, kepha<br />

idliwa talukati kuphela. Labanye bayibita ngekutsi ngumcishu.<br />

Kutsiwa belaphi baye basebentise titfo letifana nengingila. sibindzi<br />

nenhlitiyo yemvemve bakubhice nemitsi letsite ekwakheni Iikhambi<br />

nelikhubalo lekutintisa umuntfu loye afulatsele Iikhaya sikhatsi lesidze<br />

angabe asakhumbula emuva.<br />

Labanye baye basebentise titfo temvemve ngendlela lehlaneketelwe<br />

ngekutsi bakhe sibetselelo lesibhicwe newelutsandvo. Indvodza igcina<br />

iyekele umsebenti seyihlalela sicelu ekhaya futsi ingabe isaya<br />

nakulamanye emadvodza ngenca yesibetselelo.<br />

Emagabazi elulwimi aye aticeketse kanje:<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchozelo<br />

Ngidla umvemve ngisalukati yini?<br />

Kwenta intfo lengakafaneli futsi<br />

lephambukile.<br />

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4.4.6 Ululwane<br />

Yinyoni lenetimphawutebunyoni nebugundvwane. Ululwane Iinemaphiko<br />

Iiyandiza. Uhlala emihhomeni lemnyama. Uyatsandzo egunjini<br />

lelimnyama lendlu. Undiza lapho kucala kuhwalala, ntsambama<br />

nasentsatsakusa.<br />

Uma kutsiwa kumuntfu ulilulwane kusukwe kucondvwe kutsi unesimilo<br />

lesigucugucukako tutsi akasuye umuntfu longatsenjwa. Ululwanesilwane<br />

lesimunyisako njengemuntfu lesibuye sikwati kundiza. Silwane<br />

leseyamaniswa nemilingo lesigcame ngaletimphawu:<br />

• Sinemehlo lakhaliphile lakwati kubona emnyameni:<br />

• Silwone lesikwati kuphila iminyaka lengetulu kulelishumi<br />

nambili kuya emashumini lamabili nangetulu: tutsi<br />

• Silwane lesinetinyawo letinelwembu.<br />

Batsakatsi bayitsondza kokhulu lenyoni ngobe titfo tayo bayatisebentisa<br />

uma baphambanisa imicondvo yebantfu.. Kusetjentiswa lenyoni ledla<br />

tilokatane netinambutane. Itsandza kakhulu tintsetse.<br />

Lokugcamako ngelilulwane nguloku lokukmdzeloko:<br />

4.4.7 Umtjivovo<br />

• Simo lesididanako.<br />

• Kweyamaniswa nebutsakatsi.<br />

Umtjivovo yinyoni lencane kepha lengetulu kancane kwancedze.<br />

Lokugcomile ngemtjivovo kutsi unesisila lesldze. unesichova enhloko tutsi<br />

ihamba iminingi njolo. Yinyoni letsandza kakhulu ehlanzeni. Ibuyeyatiwe<br />

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ngekutsi indlazi. Saga lesltsl, unonele ngekhafsi njengendlazi sisuseiwa<br />

4.4.8 Dvoye<br />

kulenyoni lenembala lomphofu.<br />

Bemitsi batsi ibaluleke kakhulu kulabo labakhelwa libandla. Emabandla<br />

ehlukene, kukhona ebungant emasontfo, ernldlolo. ekusitana;<br />

nalamanye. Kutsiwa kubhicwa 000 talenyoni nemitsi letsite kwakhiwe<br />

likhambi nentelezi. Imiljivovo tinyoni letindiza titinyenti, tiba libandla<br />

ngekwato. Bemitsi basebentisa lokwenta kwato ebantfwini ngekutsi<br />

balakhe libandla.<br />

Tilwane tenta umsebenti lomkhulu ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />

Kubaluleka kugcama kakhulu lapho sisebentisa taga. Simelane<br />

naThwala (1991: 1) baveta 10mbono ngetaga:<br />

Toga tikhombisa kujula kwelulwimi ngekutsi kubekwe emavi<br />

ngendlelalekhombisakuhlakanipha kwemunttu. Kuttutfuka<br />

kwelulwimi nekugcizelela. Tikhombisa emakhono<br />

a/abadza/a ekubeka emavi kuvakale kahle. Toga<br />

tikhombisa bugabazi besive. Tikhombisa kahle kuts! buc!ko<br />

nebuntsengu bebukhona esiveni semaSwati kusukela<br />

endvulo. Tim/sho lemifishane. leshublle futs! legcogcela<br />

ndzawonye umcondvo locuketse lokutsite.<br />

Lena yinyoni lenkhulu. Umbala wadvoye umhlophe ngetulu kantsi<br />

umnyama ngaphasi. Yinyoni letfolakala kakhulu enkhangala. Yinyoni<br />

lenelulaka lena ngobe ikwati kubukono nenyoka cedze iyincamule<br />

ekhatsi ngemlomo. Ikwati kusebentisa umlorno, sisila netinyawo tayo<br />

laphoilwa.<br />

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Tangoma tibhica imitsiyeto netitfo tadvoye ngenhloso yekwelapha tifo<br />

letitsite. Emagabazi elulwimi ayisebentisa lenyoni uma agcamisa time<br />

tenkhulumo.<br />

Simonkhulumo<br />

Inchazelo<br />

4.4.9 Ingudvudvu<br />

Kuba ngudvoye.<br />

Kuba mudze kakhulu.<br />

Ingudvudvu yinyoni lenkhulu. Yinyoni lemnyama loku<br />

lokucwebetelako. Umlomo walenyoni ubovu. Yinyoni lenemaphiko<br />

lamhlophe. Esikhatsini lesinyenti tingudvudvu tihamba ngatimbili:<br />

lendvuna nalensikati.<br />

Kutsiwa yingudvudvu nje ngobe kunemsindvo lewutsi gudvudvu.<br />

gudvudvu, gudvudvu! Lewuye uvakale kulenyoni. Lelinye Iigama<br />

lalenyoni kutsiwa insingizi.<br />

Ingudvudvu lensikati ikhala itsi:<br />

Ngiyahamba. ngiyahamba ngiya kubakitsi!<br />

Ngiyahamba, ngiyahamba ngiya kubakitsi!<br />

Ingudvudvu lendvuna iphendvula itsi:<br />

Hamba! Hamba! Kadz' usho!<br />

Hamba! Hamba! Kadz' usho!<br />

Titfo tengudvudvu lensikati nalendvuna tisetjentiswa lapho kwakhiwa<br />

sibetselelo. Sima senkhulumo lesigcamako ngulesitsi: Kuba<br />

tingudvudvu kusho bunye, kutsondzcno, kwesekelana. kwatisana<br />

nekubumbana.<br />

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4.4.10 Inhlava<br />

Inhlava yinyoni lenembala lomphunga lokuphaphatsekile. Yinyoni leva<br />

kanye lapho kunetinyosi ngakhona. Yinyoni letsandza luju kakhulu.<br />

Labanye bayibita ngekutsi ingedze.<br />

Uma uhamba endleleni iye ikhale embikwakho bese iyakuhola ikuholela<br />

lapho kunetinyosi ngakhona. Uma sewuphumelele kukhokhela tinyosi<br />

kuye kube kuhle kutsi bese uyayipha. Uma ungakayiphi iye ikubitele<br />

noma ikuholele lapho kunenyoka khona. Yinyoni lekwati kukubikela<br />

ngengoti letawuvela lapho uyakhona. Ikubikela ngekukhala kwayo<br />

ibhule emaphiko kanyenti embikwakho. Kumele utsi nawukubona loko<br />

bese uyajika utsatsa lenye indlela. Inhlava leyiye ivakale ngemsindvo<br />

labawuhumusha utsi gedze... gedze.... Gedzedze.... Ngulenye yetinyoni<br />

letingemabika.<br />

4.4.11 Uvukuffu<br />

Uvukutfu luhlobo Iwenyoni letfolakala emaweni nasemasiminl. Utsandza<br />

emabele. KutsiwaIivukutfu nje ngobe Iikhala litsi: Vu. vu vuku, vuku! Vu,<br />

vu vuku, vuku! Labanye balibita ngekutsi litubantsendzele ngobe kulo<br />

kuhlangene butuba nebuntsendzele.<br />

UnembalalomhlophelokuphaphatsekilefutsiIitalela emacandzalamabili<br />

bese Iiyawafukamela. Lokugcamako kuloluhlobo Iwetinyoni bubili njalo.<br />

Tihlala titimbili njalo. Noma tingabonakali tisesicunjini, kepha titawube<br />

tindiza ngatimbill. Uma emacandza ato achamusela, emazini ato<br />

ayakhuliswa agcine angumndeni munye. Lamacandza lamabili kusuke<br />

kungulelimele budvuna nebusikati. Belaphi bakha sibetselelo<br />

ngemacandza emavukutfu netitfo tawo.<br />

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Uma sesiphetsa ngetinyoni siyabona kutsi letinyenti tacambeka ngenca<br />

4.5 TIMILA<br />

yemisindvo letiyentako. TIbonelo tetinyoni leticambeka ngaleyo ndlela<br />

nguleti: Iivukutfu, Iigwayigwayi, Iihlokohloko, umljivovo, ingudvudvu,<br />

ingedze, naletinye. Tinyoni leticambeke ngekwenta kwato: lihlalanyatsi<br />

lelitsandza kuchwakela emhlane wenyatsi, lihlolamvula lelibiketela kuna<br />

kwemvula, logolanfsenfse luhlobo lenkhonjane lenkhulu legola tintsetse,<br />

inkhweletjeni itfolakala njalo etikwema1je naletinye. Noko-ke tinyoni<br />

letikhetselwe lolucwaningo tikhetfwe ngekubaluleka kwato kubelaphi<br />

hhayi ngekwemisindvo netento njengobe sesiphawula ngako lake<br />

esiphetfweni.<br />

Tinyenti timila letiseti entiswa njengemakhambiekwelaphatifo. Kukhona tihlahla<br />

letincane naletinkhulu. Kulesinye sikhatsi kuba timila lesingeke siteyamanise<br />

netihlahla. Tangoma tiye tisebentise ticu, emacembe, emagcolo<br />

netimphandze taleti mila ekwelapheni.<br />

Belaphi batiwa kakhulu ngekuba tatitimila. Uye uve ngabo batsi<br />

nasekubhahela inhlaba ngenyanga yeNhlaba, yimiphi imitsi lekumele<br />

bayoyigubha. Uma sekuhluma sihlahla ingci bayati kutsi kusuke sekuyinyanga<br />

Ingci nekutsi sekumele bayoyimba.<br />

Lapha sikhetse tihlahla noma timila letimbalwa kukhombisa kubaluleka kwato.<br />

Luhla Iwetihlahla netitselo luniketwe kukhombisa kutsi titsi tiwenta umsebenti<br />

wato lowetayelekile wekuba tiphamandla netifutfumetamtimba kube<br />

newekwelapha lobonakala kahle lapho sekutsintfwa:<br />

• Emacabunga<br />

• Emagcolo<br />

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• TImphandze<br />

4.5.1 Umsenge<br />

T1HLAHLA /TIMILA TlTSELO INDZAWO<br />

Umncozi Tincozi Ehlanzeni<br />

Umaanu Emaaanu Ehlanzeni<br />

Umvivo Emavivo Ehlanzeni nasemahlatsini<br />

Umnwava{umnwaba Emanwava Ehlanzeni<br />

Umhlala Emahlala Ehlanzeni<br />

Umkhwakhwa Emakhwakhwa Ehlanzeni<br />

Umphushane Emaphushane Etintsabeni<br />

Umntulwa Emantulwa Emasimlni<br />

Umnumbela Emanumbela Enkhanoala nasehlanzeni<br />

Umviwane Emaviwane Enkhanaala nasehlanzeni<br />

Umtelemba Ematelemba Ehlanzeni<br />

Umttundvuluka Emattundvuluka Ehlanzeni<br />

Umvutfwamini Emavutfwamini Eintsabeni<br />

Umnconao Emanconao Enkhanaala nasehlanzeni<br />

UmbhelebhelemnaOiia) Emabhelebhele Etinaotieni<br />

Umkhiwa Emakhiwa Ehlanzeni<br />

Sihlahla semsenge simila ehlanzeni. Sigcame ngekungabi nemacembe<br />

lamanyenti emagaleni awo. Sicu semsenge siyaphundleka sigcine<br />

sigobekile.<br />

Saga lesitsi: Gobamsenge ud/iwe timbuti, sisuselwa kulesihlahla. Belaphi<br />

bayawusebentisa umsenge, ikakhulu emagcolo awo labawagcobako<br />

batseleemanti bese kuba ngumutsi wekuhlanta. Kuye kuhlantwe ngawo<br />

emagcolo emsenge ngobe kukhishwa inyongo nalapho kuliwa<br />

nemtimba lobutsakatsaka.<br />

4.5.2 Inhlitiyonkhulu<br />

Lesi sihlahlalesimilaehlanzeni. Belaphi basebentisa emagcoloalesihlahla<br />

ngekuwebula bese bayawagcoba bakhe umutsi wekwelapha<br />

sitfutfwane, umtimba lohlala ubuhlungu nesifo senhlitiyo.<br />

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TIgangi tibuye tisebentise sana sihlahla inhlitiyonkhulu ngekutsi basitsake<br />

netive bese bakha umklwebho loholela ekutsini loyo logangwako<br />

atibulale Vena ngekutsi atiphonse emdzibini, atiphonse esitfutsini,<br />

atilengise emtsini noma atidubule ngesibhamu. Wentiwa kutsi atsatse<br />

imphilo yakhe kabuhlungu.<br />

4.5.3 Inhlaba<br />

Inhlaba ayikhuli kakhulu iye etulu. Sihlahla lesitfolakala ehlanzeni<br />

nosenkhonqolo. Sidvume ngekuba nemacembe lababako. Ngiko ne<br />

bosotilwimi bafanisa batsi: kubaba njengenhlaba noma kubaba<br />

yinhlaba.<br />

Munyenti kakhulu umsebenti wenhlaba emphilweni yemuntfu. Leminye<br />

yayo ngulena lekuphawula Hlulelile Sukati (2002i eMalahleni nak atsi:<br />

4.5.4 Urnzane<br />

• Kuyipheka bese kunatfwa emanti ayo ahlambulule sisu.<br />

• Kucedza tibhoba emtimbeni nekugeza ingati.<br />

• Kuvuselela kabusha imiva.<br />

Umzane sihlahla lesimila ehlanzeni nosenkhonqolo. Simila siphakame<br />

kantsi nemagala 050 amila abheke etulu.<br />

Belaphi basebentisa emacembe nemagcolo alesihlahla ngekutsi:<br />

• Kuhlantwe ngawo kukhipha Iiphukuphuku nekungcola<br />

lokungekhatsi emtimbeni;<br />

8 HlulelileSukoii eMalohleni uphawula ngemisebenti yenhlaba.<br />

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4.5.5 Umlahlankhosi<br />

• Kugeza ngawo ngobe kususwa sinyama nematfunti lamabi<br />

leleke umuntfu; kanye<br />

• Nekugeza umtimba lolunywako sengatsi uphetfuka<br />

bukhuphe.<br />

Umlahlankhosi sihlahla lesikhula siphakame. Sitinhlobo letinyenti tutsi<br />

letimila etindzaweni letehlukene. Unemacabunga laluhlata lavamise<br />

kuba neboya ngaphasi. Unetimbali letigcamile. Lelinye Iigama<br />

lemlahlankhosi, umphafa noma um/ahlabantfu.<br />

Umsebenti wemlahlankhosi kwelapha tifo letifana nematfumba,<br />

kukhwehlela. umtfundzangati nekubetselela litulu. Kutsiwa umlahlankhosi<br />

nje ngobe lapho inkhosi iljalwa Iidliza lava lembozwa ngawo.<br />

Uhlavu lemlahlankhosi Iibuye Iiseljentiswe lapho kulandvwa umuntfu<br />

longashonelanga ekhaya. Kuyiwa endzaweni lapho umphetumulo<br />

wakhe wophurnelo khona kufikwe kukhulunywe kutsi ulandziwe. Uma<br />

kUkhulunywa nave ubitwa ngemagama laphelele nangetibongelelo.<br />

bese kuyahanjwa kuyiwa ekhaya. Akubukwaemuvatutsiakukhulunyiswa<br />

muntfu endleleni. Uya1jelwa uma kugiljelwa esitfutsini, a1jelwe uma<br />

sekwehliwa. a1jelwenalaphokuwelwa umtula. Utsi angangeniswa endlini<br />

yakhelonaabelandziweIihlavu Iiniketwe imbuti lelungiselelwelomsebenti<br />

i1idle embikwekutsi ihla1jwe.<br />

Umlahlankhosi ubuye useljentiselwe kutfoba tenyelo nekuvuvuka<br />

lokusemtimbeni wemuntfu.<br />

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4.5.6 Indlulamitsi<br />

Lesi sihlahla lesikhula sibe sidze kakhulu. Siye sitendlule tankhe tihlahla<br />

letisandzelene nasa. Sihlahla sasenkhangala lesifutsi siyayitsandza<br />

indzawa lebandzaka. Siba nesicu leslkhulu emagala lamadze<br />

nemacembe langesimadze.<br />

Emacembe asa ayaphekwa, bese kunatfwa emanti lacengwe<br />

kulamacembe. Loko kwentiwa ngulabaphetfwe ngumkhuhlane.<br />

Lesihlahlasibuye sisite emuntfwini lonetilandza ngekhatsi esifubeni ngabe<br />

siyatipholisa agcine aphilile.<br />

Akwatiwo-ke kutsi lesihlahla ngabe sacanjwa ngekufaniswa nesilwane<br />

indlulamitsi ngebudze noma lesilwane sacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />

4.5.7 Umlfolo<br />

Umtfolo sihlahla lesitimilelako sibuye sitjalwe futsi. Imitfalo i1jalwa ibe<br />

ngemahlatsi lamakhulu. Minyenti imisebenti yemitfolo eveni. Khutsala<br />

Mdluli (2002)9 eMasibekela uchaza kanje:<br />

• Kusekela imigodzi yetimayini temalahle negolide;<br />

• Kwakha tingodvo tetingcinga;<br />

• Emagcoloemtfoloase1jentiselwa kwakha imbitayekugucula<br />

sikhumba nekuhlambulula ingati emtimbeni;<br />

• Kuhlabisa tinkhalo nematsafa;<br />

• Kuvimbela imimoya levungutaka;<br />

• TInkhuni tekubasa umlila;<br />

• Emakhasi ahlanganiswa nelubisi kwakhiwe imbita<br />

9 Khutsala Mdluli eMasibekeia uchaza ngemisebenti yemtfolo.<br />

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4.5.8 Umbangandlala<br />

yebantfwana yenyoni; futsi<br />

• TImphandzetawotiyabiliswa kuklujwe/kuhlukuhlwe ngemanti<br />

ate ngenhloso yekwelapha ematinyo lobuhlunqu,<br />

Umbangandlala luhlobo Iwesihlahla lekukholelwa kutsi sibanga indlala.<br />

Uma sibaswa lesihlahla senta umlilo lomubi futsi kuvakale Iiphunga lelibi.<br />

Emagabazi aye akhulume atsi: Ukhe indvuku yembangandlala. Lokusho<br />

kutsi wente intfo lengenamphumelelo. Kulesihlahla kubaluleke emagcolo<br />

ngobe asetjentiselwa kwelapha sllurno. buchoboka netindvuna<br />

temabulawo. Abuye asetjentiselwe kukhipha tilo emahhashini.<br />

4.5.9 Imphepho<br />

Imphepho simila lesisebenta njengelikhambi. Emacabunga emphepho<br />

amhlophe futsi aneboya. Iba netimbali. Umutsi lomila eticojeni<br />

nakuletinye tindzawo letinemanti.<br />

Imphepho ngumutsi wemadloti. Iyashiswa bese iyahogelwa. intfutfu<br />

yayo. Tonkhe tangoma tisebentisa imphepho. Iyasetjentiswa nalapho<br />

imltimba ibuhlungu ngekutsi ishiswe.<br />

Uma kukhulunywa nalabalele kushiswa imphepho kucala. Ibuye<br />

isetjentiswe imphepho, ngulabo labanemandiki, emandzawe nebalozi.<br />

Kuyahlantwa kubuywe kucatsekwe ngayo imphepho.<br />

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4.5.10<br />

4.5.11<br />

Umlulama<br />

Sihlahla lesincane lesitfolakala emacentselweni emifula, etindzaweni<br />

letingematje noma etingcengcemeni tetintsaba. Sibuye sibitwe ngekutsi<br />

ngumadlotana lesihlahla.<br />

Umlulama unemacabunga latsambile futsi laneboya: timbali<br />

letibhalashako tibe nembala loluhlata lokuphaphatsekile noma lomtfubi<br />

netitselo letigucuka tibemnyama nasetivutsiwe.<br />

Mandlakhe Tsela (2002yo eMjejane wenaba atsi:<br />

Umlulama ngumutsi wemadloti. Usetjentiswa uma<br />

kuphehlelwa ematfwasa. Tangoma tibuye tiwusebentise<br />

umlulama embikwekushaya tinhlola. Akufuneki kutsi<br />

usetjentiswe ngalokwecile ngobe unebutsi futsi uyingoti.<br />

Belaphi belapha tito letitanana naleti:<br />

Umganu<br />

• Sito senhlitiyo:<br />

• BUhlungubemgogodla:<br />

• Nekufinyela kwemisipha (/mfinyeti).<br />

Umganu sihlahla lesikhula sibe sikhulu kakhulu. Sitfolakala ehlanzeni<br />

etindzaweni letingenawo emahlatsi lacinene. Ngesikhatisi semaganu<br />

emadvodzaaphenduvuka tilwane. Kungako kubalulekile kutsi labasikati<br />

bangahambeli etindzaweni letisitsele ebusuka. Kulisiko kutsi maketala<br />

aletsele umkhwenyane titfwalo ngalesikhatsi sebuganu. Noma<br />

10 Mondlol


kungatsiwa usebenta khashane buyambelwa aze abuye. Sinemagcolo<br />

lamphungalabuyeabemaholoholo. Sinemacabunga laluhlatanetitselo<br />

letiluhlatanjengemacabungaumatingakavutfwa, kantsiumasetivutsiwe<br />

tiba luphuti nemanti lamanyenti. Titselo tesihlahla semganu kutsiwa<br />

emaganu.<br />

Emagcolo emaganu elapha tifo letibolisa titfo. Emaganu abuye<br />

ase1jentiswe lapho kwelashwa imiva nemitsambo enlgasebenti kahle.<br />

LaOOnye-ke baye OOwasebentiseekwenteni 1jwala lobudzakanakakhulu.<br />

Ngisho tilwane letifana netindlovu netimfene tiwadla tigcine tidzakiwe<br />

tingakwati nekuhamba.<br />

Emagcolo emganu aOO siphungo nemutsi wekwelapha luhudvo netifo<br />

letibangwa imindozolwane.<br />

4.6 TINDZAWO NEMIFULA<br />

(a) Umhluma!umhlume<br />

Luhlobo Iwemutsi lekuse1jentiswa emagcolo ala kuncamula ingati<br />

leyophako nekucedza buhlungu esiswini lesihambisanako. Kutsiwa<br />

indzawo yaseMhlume yacanjwa ngalemitsi yemihluma.<br />

(b) Umkhuhlu<br />

Emtsini umkhuhlu kuse1jentiswa imbewu ngobe inemafutsa lamanyenti<br />

ekugcobiseni emanceOO nekucedza kugagabuka kwesikhumba.<br />

Indzawo yaseMkhuhlu yacanjwa ngato letihlahla.<br />

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(c) Umondi<br />

Umondi umutsi lekuseljentiswa emagcolo etimphandze tawo lacedza<br />

silungulela nekucumbelana. Indzawo iMondi netikhungo letisebentisa<br />

Iipulango lelibatwe ngetihlahla temondi kwacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />

(d) Umgwenya<br />

Kuseljentiswaemagcoloalesihlahla lafakwa emantini labilako kwentiwe<br />

Iiphungulo lelicedza kuluma kwemtimba, tindvuna ebusweni, ematfumba<br />

nekulwo nengati lengcolile kutsi ihlambuluke. Sihlahla semgwenya<br />

kwacanjwa ngaso imifulayaseMpumalangauMgwenya neMgwenyana<br />

nesikhungo semfundvo lephakeme lesesingasekho.<br />

(e) Ingwavuma<br />

Umutsi ingwavuma kuseljentiswa emagcolo avo lasilwako abe<br />

yimphuphu leyelapha sisu lesilumako, lesibuhlungu nalesinemahlaba.<br />

Indzawo iNgwavuma nemfula kwacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />

(f) Gobandlow<br />

Kuseljentiswa emagcolonetimphandzengekutsikubiliswe bese kwakhiwa<br />

umutsi wekuhlanta locinisa ingati. Umutsi ofolakala kakhulu etindzaweni<br />

letingemahlanze letishisako. Khukholelwa ekutsini indzawo<br />

yaseGobandlovu yacanjwa ngawo lomuts!.<br />

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Kuba yinkhomo<br />

Kubayimvu<br />

kungakwati kudlala ibhola.<br />

kulunga kakhulu.<br />

Etilwaneni letisetjentisiwe kubuye kugcame kusebenta kwesibanjalo<br />

nekwentasasilwane lapho kusetjentiswa tisho kanje.<br />

Kuba Iibhubesi<br />

Kuba ngubhejane<br />

Kubayingwe<br />

Kuba yimphisi<br />

Kuba yingwenya<br />

Kuba yimfena<br />

Kuba yimvubu<br />

Kuba yimamba<br />

kuhlonishwa nekwesatjwa.<br />

kuba nemtimba lomkhulu nebulima.<br />

kwesatjwa.<br />

kuba Iigwala.<br />

kuba nemandla nekuphikelela.<br />

kungatiphatsi kahle.<br />

kuba nemtimba lomkhulu.<br />

kuba nelulaka lolubi.<br />

Lokugcamako lapho sisebentisa tisho: Kufanisa, kucatsanisa nekuhlobanisa<br />

tintfo letimbili noma ngetulu kwaletimbili ngekubuka time nekwenta.<br />

Etibonelweni letingenhla kubukwetilwane letinkhulutasekhaya netasendle. Nati<br />

tibonelo ngetinyoni:<br />

Kubainshe<br />

Kuba sahhukulu<br />

Kuba ngulohheya<br />

Tibonelo ngetimila:<br />

Kuba umhlonyane<br />

Kuba yingwavuma<br />

Kuba ngemangwe<br />

kuba mkhulu emtimbeni.<br />

kuhlola umhlolo.<br />

kuhlwitsa kwalabanye.<br />

kuba sicedzamkhuhlane.<br />

kuba siletsamandla.<br />

kuba sipholisamanceba.<br />

TIsho tibaluleke kakhulu etilwimini letinyenti, ikakhulu tase-Afrika letinekufana<br />

134


lokutsite.<br />

TIbonelo:<br />

Sisho<br />

Inchazelo -<br />

Sisho<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Sisho<br />

Inchazelo<br />

Kuba yindlovu (SiSwati).<br />

Ukuba yindlovu OsiZulu).<br />

Ku va ndlopfu (SiTsonga).<br />

Kuba mkhulu kakhulu emtimbeni. Lena yinchazelo<br />

lefananakokuto tonkhe tilwimi letibalwe ngenhla.<br />

Kuba yinja (SiSwati).<br />

Ukuba yinja (IsiZulu).<br />

Ku va mbyana (SiTsonga).<br />

Kusho kungatiphatsi ngendlela lefanele<br />

nalemukelekako. Ukuba uywayi nenhlaba (IsiZulu).<br />

Kuba kugwayi nenhlaba (SiSwatJ).<br />

Ku va fole ni nhlava (SiTsonga).<br />

Kutsandzana noma kuvama.<br />

Tibonelo letingenhla tiveta ngalokucacile kutsi tilwane netihlahla noma imitsi<br />

tisekelo tetilwimi.<br />

4.9 TANGOMA NETIFO : EMABITOGCOGCA<br />

Labanyenti bakholelwa ekutsini kugula lokungene kumuntfu kuye kube kuhle<br />

kutsi kukhishwe ngawo umutsi. Kwelapha tifo kudzinga lwati lolujufile Iwebantfu<br />

labawugogodzele lowomsebenti.<br />

KUlesikhatsi lesiphila kuso banyenti labagaba buhlolu, bahize nemahiya ngobe<br />

batuna kwatiwa njengebantfu laOOne/wOO lolujulile IwemitsL kantsi abayati<br />

135


imitsi. Yonkheimitsi yadalwaIidloti lelikhulu Mvelinchanti ngako-ke Iigama lakhe<br />

kumele Iibitwe ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi embikwekuyisebentisa, bese kulandzela<br />

lamanye emadloti lekulindzelwe kutsi asite.<br />

Kusetjentiswa emabitogcogca lapho kukhulunywa ngemitsi yesintfu. Kubalula<br />

kumuntfu longesuye umelaphi kwati imitsi ngekusebentisa emabitogcogca<br />

latana nalawa: emakhambi. imbita, intelezi, U "ernokhubolo. insiti, sibetselo,<br />

umbhulelo, nalamanye. Futile Ttwolo" (2002). eLangwane wenaba kabanti<br />

kanje:<br />

Emakhambi Iigama lelisetjentiswako uma kukhuJunywa ngemitsi­<br />

tibhidvo, timphandze nemacembe Jasetjentiswako uma<br />

kweJashwa kugula Jokutsite.<br />

Intelezi Iigama lemitsi lesetjentiswako ekulweni nemalumbo ebatsakatsi.<br />

Ngumutsi wekulwa nemashwa newekucinisa imphi. Uma kusetjentiswa intelezi<br />

iyachelwa. TIbonelo tetintelezi: mabophe, nkhungwini, mayime, naletinye.<br />

Imbita Iigamalelishoimitsilephekiwe, lebilisiweyabuyeyapholiswa kuzeinatfwe<br />

noma kucatsekwe. Tehlukene timbita letisetjentiswako ngenhloso yekuphilisa<br />

umuntfu logulako. Letinye taletimbita nguleti: lnhlornbululo-slsu, umgezangati,<br />

sicedza-tibhobo, imboziso lelwa nesidliso igcine isicedzile emtimbeni. Imbita<br />

i1wa nemtimba lornubl, yelaphe tilondza icedze nekulunywa emitimbeni.<br />

Emakhubalo Iigama lelisetjentiswako nakukhulunywa ngemitsi-tingodvo<br />

lekungaba timphandze nemagcolo. Emakhubalo asetjentiselwa kuticinisa<br />

nekulwa nemimoya lemibi.<br />

Tinsiti ligama lemitsi leshisiwe kwentiwa tinsiti tekuchapha. TInsiti tisetjentiswa<br />

11 Futile Tfwala. Bangwane uchazo kutsi ayini ernakhambi.<br />

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kakhulu etifeni letitsintsa Iingentasi lemuntfu ngenhloso yekwelapha tinso<br />

nesinye.<br />

Sibetselelo Iigama leliseijentiswako emitsini yelutsandvo. Yimitsi leseijentiswa<br />

ngemadvodzaesitsembu ngobeahlanganisa bafati bawo. Yimitsi leseijentiswa<br />

bafatingoOObakhanoma bakhulisa futsandvo. Imitsi leyetayefekile lengaphasi<br />

kwesibetsefelo ngulena: bhekaminangedvwa, mandzangekhatsi, naleminye.<br />

Umbhulelo Iigama leliseijentiswako emitsini leseijentiswa batsakatsi. Yimitsi<br />

yekubulala lena ngobe ihambisana nemikfwebho. Kuye kutselelwe bantfu<br />

endleleni noma etindzaweni letitsite ngenhloso yekutsi uma banyatsela<br />

kuleyondlelanomafeyondzawo babanjwekugula nomabashayekephasi bafe.<br />

Akusiko loku lokubalwe ngenhla kuphela lesingatsi kusisekelo sekwelapha<br />

kwesangoma, kukhona lokunve lokunyenti lokutsintsa emantielwandle, Iibhudlo.<br />

Iitfombonkhala, tinkhondvosi, sihlabatsi. umbane welitulu. tidvuli, nalokunye.<br />

Batsakatsi bayakwati kukugucula konkhe loku lokubalwe ngenhla kusebente<br />

ngendlela yabo yekucekela phasi.<br />

4.10 TINHLOBO TETlFO<br />

Tinyentififo letikhona ngaphasi kwemtfunti welilanga, kepha lapha sitawubuka<br />

letimbolwa.<br />

4.10.1 Emafufunyane<br />

Umuntfu usuke aphoswe ngetive. Tinyakata emtimbeni wakhe. Timunya<br />

ingati tidle nekudla lokusemtimbeni wakhe. NgekuchuOOka kwesikhatsi<br />

tenta umcondvo wakhe uphitsane, agcine asaphila njengeluhlanya.<br />

Ugcina akhuluma yedvwana. Labo labaphilile baye batsi ukhuluma<br />

vedvwo, kantsi vena usuke akhuluma netive lafakwe tona.<br />

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4.10.3<br />

Sidliso sifakwa ngebatsakatsi kumuntfu ngetindlela letimbili:<br />

• Kutselelwa butsi ekudleni; kanye<br />

• Nekufuntwa butsi emaphusheni bomoya lababi.<br />

Kudla sidliso ngaloku lokubalwe kwaba kwesibili, akunamandla<br />

lamakhulu ekubulala umuntfu. Lodlisiwe uyakwati kugijima ebelaphini<br />

asheshe alutfole lusito. Emandla esidliso sasemaphusheni mancane,<br />

akefani newekutselelwa ekudleni ngobe lapho kudaleka lomkhulu<br />

umonakalo.<br />

Uma lowomuntfu adliswe ngesibindzi sengwenya nebuchopho bentulo<br />

usindza ngenhlanhla. Usha Iingekhatsi, konkhe kube ticucu.<br />

Tangoma tisebentisa imitsi yekuhlanta ngenhloso yekukhipha sidliso<br />

nemboziso lesetjentiselwa kubolisa ticucu letisele emtimbeni tesidliso.<br />

Kubuye kusetjentiswe imitsi lehambisa slsu, igeze nemitsambo nemiva.<br />

Lubisi luye lububambe butsi bungasebenti njengobe kuhlele benti babo.<br />

Sidliso selashwa ngekusebentisa imitsi lehambisanako lefanana<br />

nelihlalanyatsi, gcumugcumu, sehlulamanye, naleminye. Ngemuva<br />

kwaloko bese kulandzela imitsi leguculako nalelwa nemagciwane<br />

emtimbeni.<br />

Inyongo lenyenti<br />

Uma inyongo iyinyenti emtimbeni wemuntfu iba yingoti. Umuntfu<br />

lophetfwe yinyongo uva emakhata nakushisa eve kushisa nakubcndza.<br />

Umtimba ushona phosl, uhlale udziniwe kube sengatsi bekwentiwa<br />

umsebenti lomkhulu. Uma ize yacitsekela ngekhatsi emtimbeni,<br />

kuyenteka lowomuntfu awufulatsele lomhlaba. Uma inyongo iyinyenti<br />

139


kakhulu kumuntfu uye abe nemaphupho lornobl, umtimba uhlala<br />

ubuhlungu ikakhulu inhloko nesisu.<br />

Tangoma tisebentisa umutsi lowatiwangekutsi sigibanyongoekuhlantiseni<br />

loyo lophetfwe yinyongo. lye iphume nematseketseke ative aphilile loyo<br />

abehlantiswa.<br />

Inyongo lesesibindzint emalungeni emtimba, kungcola kwesisu<br />

nasematfunjini ikhishwa ngekusebentisatimbita letakhiwe ngekusebentisa<br />

lemits;:<br />

• Umtfombotsi;<br />

• Umnhlonhlo;<br />

• Umdlebe;<br />

• Umfusamvu, naleminye.<br />

Umtfombotsi ngumutsi loneliphunga lelingemakha lanuka kamnandzi.<br />

Kuseijentiswa timphandze nemagcolo awo ngekutsi aphekwe abe<br />

yimbita lehambisako lekhipha kungcola esiswini, emitsanjent engatint<br />

emiveni nasetinsweni.<br />

Umdlebe ngumutsi lekumele usetjentiswe ngekunakekela lokukhulu<br />

ngobe emagcolo awo ngewemibhulelo lelwa nengati nemitsambo<br />

yonkhe yemtimba. Ukhipha ingati ngetimphumulo, ngetindlebe ubuye<br />

udvungeumcondvo. Kumele usetjentiswe nemahlulu emvu ubengumsiti,<br />

bese kubhicwa nelicimamlilo kuze kucosheke bomoya lababi.<br />

Umfusamvu kusetjentiswa emagcolo awo lafakwa emantini lafutfumele<br />

bese kuyahlantwa kuphume inyongo lesesibindzini naleyottiecitsekele<br />

ematfunjini.<br />

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4.10.4 Ematfumba<br />

Kuye kwenteke umuntfu amilwe ngematfumba etindzaweni letinyenti<br />

letisemtimbeni. Ematfumba lawa asuke akhombisa kungcola nembewu<br />

lengekhatsi emtimbeni. Ematfumba ahambisana nesikhumba lesibi<br />

lesibonakala ngemachuchumbana lavela ettrnboljenl letincane<br />

tesikhumba.<br />

Kuye kudzingeke kutsi kuliwe nembewu yawo ngekhatsi embikwekutsi<br />

kusefjentiswe imitsi yekugeza nekuhlikihla. Acala ngekutsi kube tilonjana<br />

letincane letiya ngekukhula tigcine titilondza letinkhulu letigcwele bovu.<br />

TIyabhamuka tivuleke tiphume bovu nengati.<br />

Uma kwelashwa ematfumba kuye kudzingeke kutsi kunakwe imitsambo<br />

nengati kucala embikwekubuka ematfumba. Kufuneka timbita tengati<br />

netemitsambo kucolo, bese kusenentiswc kwekugcobisa.<br />

Leminye imitsilelungisa ingati ngulena lelandzelako: Gwejelobuye atiwe<br />

ngekutsi ngugweje lobovu lonjengenfolwane. TImphandze talomutsi<br />

tiyabiliswa bese kuhlantwa ngato ngenhloso yekulungisa ingati, kususa<br />

ematfunti lamabi nekungcola lokusemtimbeni.<br />

Imitsi leguculako njengengwavuma emazombe, bhubhubhu naleminye<br />

iyelekelela ekucedzeni imbewu yengati lembi lebangela ematfumba.<br />

Kuye kube kuhle kutsi kusetlentiswe netimbita letikhiphanako letakhiwe<br />

ngemtfombotsi, umhlonhlo, vutsane, naleminye.<br />

Ematfumba elapheka ngekutsi ayavuleka, abhibhe, agcine omile<br />

atilonjana letincane letigcina tipholile kusele emabadlana lamancane.<br />

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4.10.7<br />

tihluphe kakhulu entasi kwemahlombe.<br />

Lapho kucedvwa tibhobo kuse1jentiswa timphandze temangwe<br />

letichashwako tihlanganiswe netimphandze telicimamlilo. Esikhatsini<br />

lesinyenti tibhobo tibangelwa kungahambi kahle kwengati emitsanjeni<br />

lokungabangelwa: kungabi nengati leyenele noma kubo nengati<br />

lenyenti kakhulu; kutsintsekanomakuphazamiseka kwemitsamboyengati<br />

kanye nemalumbo. Kuyenteka ngalesinye sikhatsi utfole kutsi yingati<br />

lengcolile.<br />

Uma kwelashwatibhobokumelekuse1jentiswe imitsi lefutfumetaumtimba<br />

ujuluke sifo noma kungcola kuphume ngetimbo1jana letincane<br />

letisemtimbeni. Kuye kudzingeke kutsi kulandzeliswe ngalekhiphakonkhe<br />

kungcola lokusemtimbeni letimbita letihambisako, bese kulandzela<br />

leguculako ngekutsi ibuyise emandla.<br />

Uma kutibhobo temalumbo kuye kudzingeke yona imitsi yemalumbo<br />

letawubukananatongekutsi loyolowelashwako ahlante, ageze, angene<br />

ephungulweni abuye abhunyiselwe.<br />

Luhudvo<br />

Sifo seluhudvo sibuye sibitwe ngekutsi ngumsheko noma ikholera.<br />

Sitfolakala ngekunatsa emanti langcolile noma ngekudla kudla<br />

lokungcoliswe ngemanti, timphungane noma tandla letingcolile.<br />

Ernagciwane eluhudvo atfolakala endleni yemuntfu.<br />

Timphawu talesifo nguleti letilandzelako:<br />

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4.10.8<br />

• Kuhlanta;<br />

• Luhudvo; tutsi<br />

• Nekulahlekelwa ngemanti emtimbeni<br />

Kuvikela luhudvo kudzingeka kuseljentiswe emanti lahlantekile noma<br />

labilisiwe. Kunatsa emanti lamanyenti latakwe shukela nasawoti<br />

lomncane. Umbhubhudlo uyasidzambisa sito seluhudvo Ole afinyelele<br />

kubelaphi love lesimphetse.<br />

Kuseljentiswaemagcolo emganulokuchatfwa ngawo kuphele luhudvo.<br />

Kubuye kuseljentiswe timphandze temutsi emangwe lekuchatfwa ngato<br />

bese luyaphela luhudvo. Ngemuva kwaloko kuye kudzingeke imitsi<br />

leguculako leletsa emandla yandzise nengati. Labanyenti baye<br />

basebentise emazombe, gobandlovu, umzungulu, naleminye.<br />

Luhudvo sito lesimele siphutfunyelwe ngobe siyingoti lenkhulu. Sigcina<br />

simncobile lesimphetse uma ingekho imitamo lephutfumako leyentiwe.<br />

Malaleveva<br />

Sito lesatiwa ngekutsi ngumalalevevasaniketwa leligama ngobeumunffu<br />

lesisuke simphetse ulala aveva. Labanye batsi luchucho ngobe<br />

lesimphetse uhlala ovela emakhata njalo, achuche noma kushisa. Sito<br />

lesitfolakala etindzaweni letishisako njengaseMozambiki, eMphumalanga<br />

yeSwatini, eMphumalanga, emphumalanga yeUmpopo kanye<br />

nasenyaktfo yeKwOZulu - Natal.<br />

l1ndzawo letitsintseka kakhulu ngalesito samalaleveva nguleti<br />

letilandzelako: Jozinl, Ingwavuma, Malelane, Komatipoort Hazyview,<br />

Skukuza, Satara, Letaba, Shingwedzi, Messina, Punda Maria, Maputo,<br />

144


naletinye. Tilondvolotamvelo letifana naleti: Sharaluml, timbavati,<br />

Thomybush, Manyeleti, Sable-sand, Ndurno, Tembe naletinye titsintseka<br />

kakhulu ngalesifo.<br />

Sifoleslbangelwa kulunywa imindozolwane,timbuzulwane phelangekutsi<br />

imunye ingati yalomunye umuntfu iyoyifaka kulomunye. Ugciwane<br />

lamalaleveva Iitfolakalaetinhlayiyenl tengati letibovu, IikhulalizeIichume,<br />

loko lokusho kutalana nekwandza kwalamagciwane.<br />

Kubalekela kulunywa imlndozolwane kudzinga letinyatselo:<br />

• Kuhlala endlini levalekile lapho seliyewushona;<br />

• Kugcoka tingubo letinemikhono nemilente lemidze; kanye<br />

• Nekufutsa indlu ngesifutsatilokafane (aerosol insecticide).<br />

Imitsi leyelapha luchucho umhlonyane, lishongwe, linyatselo, umdoni,<br />

sihlekahlekane, naleminye. Ushongwe kusetjentiswa timphandze tala<br />

kwentiwe imbita yekucatseka nekugabha. Ushongwe licedza<br />

umtfundzangati, tindvuna ebusweni, sisu sengati, kuvuta noma idilobha<br />

lebantfu labanyenti balibita ngekutsi Iijovela kanye nekuchucha.<br />

Sihlekahlekane ngumutsi lohlanganiswa nemanti lafutfumele bese<br />

kugezwa ngawo, unatfwekubuywe kucatsekwengawo kuphele tilondza<br />

letingekhatsi emtimbeni.<br />

145


4.10.9 Umbulalave<br />

Sifo lesibitwa ngemagama lamanyenti ngenca yebungoti baso. Kutsiwa<br />

umbula/ave, ngumabhubhisa, ngutsafsakanye, yingculazi, yi-AIDS,<br />

nalamanye. I-AIDS imele lamagama lalandzelako: Acquired Immune<br />

Deficiency Syndrome. Sifo lesibangelwa yi- Human Immunodeficiency<br />

Virus (HIV). Ligciwane lalesifo Iihlala iminyaka leminyenti<br />

embikwekutibonakalisa.<br />

TImphawu talesifo kuba nguleti letilandzelako:<br />

• Kuvuvukatindlalaentsanyeni, emakhwapheni netimbilapho;<br />

• Kunakashela kwemfiva noma umkhuhlane longapheli;<br />

• Kujuluka kakhulu ebusuku;<br />

• Kuhlambuluka kwesisu lokungancamuki; kanye<br />

• Nekutsikameteka kwemcondvo nekuba netilondza<br />

emtimbeni.<br />

Akekho namunye umelaphi lophumele ebaleni wotsl angawelapha<br />

umbulalave, kepha bonkhe bachamuke netifanekiso (models) lekumele<br />

tilandzelwe. TIbonelo tetifanekiso nguleti:<br />

Sifanekiso saFusi Khatwane kaShabalala sime kanje:<br />

ISangoma 2 IJ Sangoma 3 I I Sangoma 4<br />

146<br />

I Sangoma 51


Sangoma<br />

Emavi okhe: -Kumele sibe Jishumi nesihlanu sihlangonise konkhe<br />

lesikwatiko. Kufanele sieale ngekwehlukano, besesihlangana kanje 7na<br />

2 7na 3.2 na 4, 2 na 5, 3 na 6, 3 no 7,4 na8.4na 9, 5 no 7Q 5 na 77, 6<br />

no 72 6 no 73, 7 no 74, 7 no 75ekugcineni kuhlanganwe kUbe Jieembu<br />

lemolungo longu 75.:<br />

Sifonekiso soSilwone Sifundzo koMhlongo sime konje:<br />

147


emini nantsambama. Kufanele kucinwe ekubhunyiseni tinyamatane<br />

nasekunatseni timboziso.<br />

Uma kwelashwa umuntfu lonetive welashwa ngendlela lenesihlukwana<br />

ngobe nato tiyalwa ngekhatsi ngobe tingafuni kuphuma kolulo.<br />

4.10.11 Lukhwekhwe<br />

Lukhwekhwe sifo lesitsatselwanako lesatiwa ngemagama lamanyenti.<br />

Satiwa ngekutsilutwayi, imbutibeyishukanoma ingcwayimbani. Umtimba<br />

wonkhe ugcwala tilonjana letinyenti letilumako. Tliuma kokhulu raphe<br />

titfola kushisa. Umuntfu lesimphetse uhlala atitsaphuta emtimbeni njalo.<br />

Lesi sifo lesivamise kubamba bantfu labanyenti ngobe siyatsatselwana<br />

ngenca yekusebentisa tintfo tinye ekhaya letifanana netitja netingubo.<br />

TUonjana letincane tibonakala etimbotjaneni letineboya emtimbeni.<br />

Kuye kudzingeke imitsi lejulukisanako ngekutsi kufutfumale umtimba<br />

netintelezi leticitsa emalumbo. Kuye kwenteke kulesinye sikhatsi kutsikube<br />

lukhwekhwe Iwemalumbo.<br />

Selaph! bendzabuko baye batfolisise kahle kutsi kumele kuhlanganiswe<br />

miphi namiphi imitsi yendzabuko kute kwelapheke letilondza letilumako.<br />

Lukhwekhwe aluvami kuphatsa umuntfu sikhatsi lesidze luyashesha<br />

kuphola uma kuhlanganiswe imitsi lefanele. Lukhwekhwe alukhetsi<br />

ngOba lubamba lomdzala nalomncane. Luyaluma utitsaphuta ugcine<br />

unemanceba etilondza. Uma ubanjwe lukhwekhwe ayikho imisebenti<br />

lebalulekile lewungaphumelela kuyenta ngemphumelelo ngobe<br />

kunakashela lona nje umtimba ulurne, utitsaphute kugcine kuphele<br />

sineke.<br />

149


4.10.12 Siphetfo<br />

TItfo tetilwane tibalulekile ekwakheni imitsiyekwelapha. Lapha kubalwe<br />

tilwane tasendle letilandzelako: bhejane. libhubesl, ingwe. lrnphlsl,<br />

ingwenya. imfene. inkonkoni nemvubu. Kukhetfwe letimbafwa<br />

kuletinyenti.<br />

TIlwane tasekhaya kubalwe inkhomo. lrnburl, imvu nenkhukhu kuphela.<br />

Loko akusho kutsi lefi lefinye tilwane tasekhaya lefifana nelihhashi, inja.<br />

ingulube nelikati atikabaluleki kepha bekugcanyiswa lokuphatselene<br />

nemadlofi kakhulu kunekubuka silwane sinjengobe sinjalo.<br />

Kukhetfwe finyoni lefimbalwa kwabukwa kwenta nekubaluleka kwato<br />

ekwakhiweni kwemakhambi ekwelapha. Kusebenta kwemitsi kuhlelwe<br />

ngendlelalegcogcekilengekubukatikhululamisipha. tipholisamanceba.<br />

tifutfumetamtimba. telaphaluchucho netintelezi. Leminye imitsi ibuye<br />

igabancele kulamanye emagcogco. Tibonelo: Emangwe<br />

aticedzamikhuhlane netiletsamandla. Ingwavuma iticedzatinhlungu<br />

netiletsamandla.<br />

150


5.0 SIPHETFO NETlNCOMO<br />

5.1 SINGENISO<br />

4<br />

SEHLUK05<br />

Tangoma tenta lomkhulu umsebenti ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />

Emagama abukwe ngendlela lendzala lesisekelo semphilo yesive nalensha<br />

letsintsa inchazomagama legudlukile (semantic shift) njengemagama lafana<br />

nalawa: Inyanga- umuntfu lowelapha ngemakhambi nadokotela, lowelapha<br />

ngetindlela taseNshonalanga. Uffwasa - umuntfu lofundzela bungoma,<br />

nemuntfu lofundzela nome ngumuphi umsebenti: buthishela, bUhlengikati,<br />

buphoyisa naleminye.<br />

TInhloso telucwaningotifezeke ngekugcamakwelulwimi nemakhono lehlukene<br />

laveta imisebenti yeluhlelo, yekuchumana, yekusita, yekumela, yemifanekiso<br />

naleminye. Umlandvo webungoma ushiyelwe labanye bacwaningi ngobe<br />

kumele ucalwe eBhayibhelini leliNgcwele etindzaweni taseMphumalanga<br />

leMaphakatsi, kwendlulelwe eYurophu bese kubuywa e-Afrika.<br />

5.2 SIPHETFO NGALOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA<br />

Kwehlukana kwetinhlobo tebelaphi labatfwasile nalabangaketfwasi kusivetele<br />

emandla ekusebenta kwemadioti, kutinikela nekusebenta ngekwetsembeka.<br />

Indlela yemisebenti igcame kahle ngekutsi onkhe emagama latimonkhulumo<br />

aseljentiswe emishweni,etigabeni nasengcocweni. Indlelayemisebenti ibhicwe<br />

neyeluchumano kuto tonkhe tingcoco netigaba ngenhloso yekuletsa<br />

lubumbano nemicondvo lephelele.<br />

Kulolucwaningo kuvelile kutsi akusuye wonkhe umuntfu lophendvuka abe<br />

152


sangoma, kepha bungoma lobu busho kutinikela, lubito nekubhoboka kwelidloti<br />

sibili. Akusiyo indlela yekwenta imali masinyane noma lekumele uyilandzele<br />

ngobe wece umeco lewubhicwe nemhlabatsi wemaliba njengobe kwenteka<br />

kulabanyenti bese balandzela umgudvu wekwetfwasa <<br />

kwelashwe lomeco.<br />

esikhundleni sekutsi<br />

Kunyentilokuvelile mayelananekwetfwasa, timphawutekutfwasa, kusetjentiswa<br />

kwetinhlola, imvelaphi yemimoya yebungoma, buhlobo lobukhombisa kutsi<br />

sangoma ngumuntfu njengebantfu bonkhe. Noma sesibitwa ngemagama<br />

lamanyelatana nalawamntfwanelidloti, thokoza, makhosi. Nalamanye Kepha<br />

lake akusenti singabitwa ngababe namake, gogo namkhutu, mkhutawami<br />

namkhwenyanewelfu, nalamanye. Inhlonipho yetangoma ivetiwe ngetindlela<br />

letehlukene futsi ikhombise kuba sisekelo semphilo. Inhlonipho nekwenta<br />

kwetangoma kuyahambelana nenkholo yesintfu levetwa ngulomunye<br />

webacwaningi. Lubisi (2002: 165) uniketa lombono lolandzelako ngenkholo<br />

yesintfu lesisekelo semphilo vema-Afrika:<br />

Inkhala yesintfu yenta umuntfu akwati kutiislba. ongenti intfa tebu/wane<br />

na/eh/atimulisa umtimba. Kuba/u/ekilekugcize/e/a kutsiinkhala yesintfu akusiya<br />

lawungohamba ushumaye/o ufuna bantfu bagucuke/e kuyo kepha yintfa<br />

lengekhatsi emntfwini.<br />

5.3 SIPHETFO NGETINGOMA IDANGOMA<br />

TIngoma tetangoma tikhombise bugabazi nebugagu besive. Loko kugcame<br />

kahle kutsi tangoma bacambi, timbangi, bahayi, emagagu, emagabazi<br />

nemaciko ekubeka inkhulumo noma umcondvo ngendlela yengoma.<br />

Etingomeni tetangoma kulapho kuphawuleke khona umgcumo noma<br />

umnyakato lonesigci lesilandzelelekoko, ti1foluvelo tekubona (sight/vision),<br />

kutsintsa (touch), tekuhogela (smell/olfactory, tekuva (heating auditory),<br />

153


tekunambitsa (taste/gustatory) nekubikelwa (lntultive/telephotnic).<br />

Sangoma sigabe ngeliphimbo, ngekugidza, ngekubhula nekusebentisa imitsi<br />

ngendlela leyemukelekako nalefanele kanye nekwenta imisebenti leminye<br />

yesive (communitywork) nekutimisela, kwetsembeka nangebucotfo. TItfoluvelo<br />

netimoluvelo tigcama kahle etingcikitsini tetingoma tetangoma.<br />

5.4 SIPHETFO NGETlHLAHLA NETIFO<br />

Kutfolakele kulolucwaningo kutsiimitsi yadalwa nguSomandla kutsi yelaphetifo<br />

i1etse imphilo lenhle ebantfwini. Tangomabantfu labasebentisa imitsi ngendlela<br />

yekuyalwa ngemadloti. Ngiko nje sangoma lesisebentisa imitsi ngendlela<br />

lephambukile siye sihunguleke sigcine sesiphanjanelwe yinhloko. Imphilo<br />

yemuntfu wase-Afrika yeyameleemitsini leyehlukene. Kwelapha ngemitsi kusho<br />

kututso, kubhunyisa. kuhlanta, kunatsa imitsi. kukhotsa tinslti nalokunye<br />

lokunyenti. Imitsi yadalelwa kuphilisa hhayi kubulala. Vadalelwa kutsi<br />

isetjentiswe ngendlela lefanele kepha ingabi yimihlobiso yalena etigangeni.<br />

lublsl (2002: 181) uphawula ngekwelapha kwendzabuko kanje:<br />

Kutfo/ake/e kutsi kubukela phansi /aba/apha ngemitsi yesintfu<br />

kwenta kutsi bantfu bate busaphasapha ngobe /etinye tifo<br />

tilapheka ngesintfu kuphe/a .... Kantsi futsi nalesifo<br />

/esingumbula/ave naso aliffo/akali likhambi nje kutsi ba/aphi<br />

OOndzabukobabuke/waphansikantsinetihlah/a /aba/aphangato<br />

setovale/eka etichiwini nasemapulazini ebe/umbi. Manje ba/aphi<br />

bendzabuko abakwati kuyewutfo/a /emitsi ba/aphe sive.<br />

Kuphakanyiswa kutsi hu/umende alungenele loludzaba nangabe<br />

ba/aphi OOndzabuko banganiketwa imvume yekungena kuleto<br />

tindzawo /apho kukhona khona imitsibayimOO baphilise sive.<br />

154


TInyenti fifo letelashwa imitsi yesintfu ngako-ke kumele kungehlukanwa nayo<br />

ngobe i1uphawu Iwemvelaphi yetfu. Alikho Iikusasa lesiyawukuba nolo uma<br />

sikhohlwe Iitolo. Utolo nelinamuhla kungumhlahlandlela welikusasa. TInyenti<br />

letinye tifo letingakabalwaelucwaningweni kepha letelapheka kalula ngemitsi<br />

yesintfu letifana neliphika. siyeti. sinye. tinso. sllurno. sichitfo. emajacamba.<br />

kucumbelana. umklwebho nemtfundzangati site lesiye sibangelwe<br />

ngemagciwane latfolakala emantini lemile esitiba. esitete noma sicoja<br />

newemfula longagijimi. TImphawu talesifo kuba kutfundza ingati. Selashwa<br />

ngelishongwe naleminye imitsi.<br />

Uma belaphi bendzabuko: tangoma. tinyanga. bafembi. nalabanye<br />

banganiketwa ematfuba lafanele imimoya(spirits) yabo ingabaniketa<br />

tisombululo ngemakhambi langelapha letito letinemandla.<br />

Natiletinyetinhlobotetito lekutanele kucwaningisiswe kahle ngatokute kusindze<br />

lobo letibaphetse:<br />

•<br />

Umhlata;<br />

• Gagabukane;<br />

• Umdlopha;<br />

• Silumo;<br />

• Uphika;<br />

• Imfinyeti;<br />

• Luvendle;<br />

• Ematfumba;<br />

• Siyeti;<br />

• Kucumbelana;<br />

• Uphunga lelibi;<br />

• TInhlabela / ematatawane;<br />

• Emanljinljiwane;<br />

• Emajikantsamo;<br />

155


akhombisa bukhulu bakhe njengalawa: Mlentemunye, uMdalL uMenti,<br />

Nkulunkulu, utfongonchanti, uMvelinchanti, uMninimandla, Simakadze, Losetulu.<br />

nalamanye.<br />

5.5 T1NCOMO NGEMIPHUMELA YELUCWANINGO<br />

Umnyango weTemasiko kumele ukwesekele ngalokuphelele kusebenta<br />

kwetangoma ngekutsi unikete tonkhe tidzingo letifanele. Kusebentisa imitsi<br />

yesintfu, kugidza, kuhlabelela, nalokunye lokunyenti kungemagugu esive<br />

laneligalelo lelibanti emasikweni ngako-ke kumele kulondvoloteke kahle ngobe<br />

kulifa laphakadze.<br />

Umnyango weTemphiio kumele utinikete emandla lamakhulu ekwelapha<br />

ngekubambisana nabodokotela, ikakhulu etifweni letifana nemafufunyane,<br />

Iiphika, umbulalave, imikhuhlane, naletinye letinyenti. Ukhulu Iigalelo<br />

lelingentiwa belaphi besintfu ekwelapheni tifo letinemandlafutsilesetibhubhise<br />

live.<br />

Tangoma kumele tisebente ngaphasi kwemitsetfo-migomo lehlelekile futsi<br />

lephetfwe eMnyangweni lotsite munye. Loko kutawukwenta kusebenta kwato<br />

kube nesitfunti, szotso. bucotfo nekwemukeleka lokuphelele esiveni. Kumele<br />

kusebenta kwetangoma kuhlolwe, kwesekelwe, kutfutfukiswe nemiphumela<br />

yako ibhalwe phasi live Iikwati kuyifundza. Umkhandlu welucwaningo kutemitsi<br />

eNingizima Afrika iSouth African Medical Research Council kumeleusebentisane<br />

nebelaphi besintfu: tangoma, tinyanga, bafembi, nalabanye ekufuneni<br />

emakhambi langelapha tifo letilubhubhane njengembulalave nemhlata.<br />

Kumele kubekwe kucace kutsi lesonaleso sitotangoma tisilapha ngamiphi imitsi<br />

kuze kwati ngisho nebatukula ngalokwentiwa tangoma. Kufanele kugcame<br />

Iithebula lelinje:<br />

157


SIFO UMUTSI UMTSAMO<br />

UKHAMBI IMBITAINSITI<br />

Sitfutfwane<br />

luhudvo<br />

Tibhobo<br />

Ematfumba<br />

Umkhuhlane<br />

Emafufunvane<br />

Belaphi bendzabuko kumele baniketwe indzawo, nematfuba labafanele kute<br />

balekelele ekwelapheni letifo letinyenti lesetivumbuke njengemakhowa<br />

kulesikhatsilesiphila kuso, Kwesekeleka kwabo ngendlela lefanele kuyawuletsa<br />

umehluko esiveni sonkhe.<br />

158


6.0 IMITFOMBO YELWATI<br />

6.1 TINCWADZI<br />

Becker, P.<br />

Brown, H.D.<br />

1979: Inland Tribes af Southern Africa. London:<br />

Granada.<br />

1987: Principles of Language, Learningand Teaching.<br />

San Francisco: Prentice-Hall.<br />

Collier's Encyclopedia. 1971:·Crowell - Collier Education Corporation. New<br />

Ginindza,T.T.<br />

Grant E.W.<br />

Isaac, S. et 01.<br />

Kasenene, P.<br />

Krige, E.J.<br />

Levi-Strauss, C.<br />

York: Collier and Son Ltd.<br />

1992: Sibongo Swazi Clan Names and Clan Praises.<br />

Manzini: Blue Moon Printing Company.<br />

1974: Izibongo of the Zulu Chiefs. Bantu Studies<br />

Volume 3 Johannesburg: Wits Press.<br />

1982: Handbook in research and evaluation. San<br />

Diego: Edits Publishers.<br />

1993: Swazi Traditional Religion and Society.<br />

Mbabane: Websters Publishers.<br />

1950: TheSocialSystem of the Zulus. PieterrnaritIDurg:<br />

Shuter & Shooter.<br />

1963: Structural Anthropology. Middlexes: Penguin<br />

Books.<br />

159


lublsl, P.M.<br />

Makhubu, L<br />

Murdock, G.P.<br />

Nkosi, DE<br />

Ntsanwisi. H.w.E.<br />

Saville-Troike, M.<br />

Schapera, I.C. (00)<br />

Simelane, S.l. et al.<br />

Smith, P.<br />

2002: Kubuka ngeliso lelibanti Iigalelo lemasiko<br />

nenkholo yebantfu ekutalweni kabusha kwe­<br />

Afrika kubukwe ngco sive semaSwati.<br />

Lucwaningo Iweticu tebudokotela<br />

lolungakashicilelwa. KwaDlangezwa: Inyuwesi<br />

yakalulu.<br />

1978: The Traditional Healer. Kwaluseni: University of<br />

Botswana and Swaziland.<br />

1959: Africa, its Peoplesandtheir CultureHistory. New<br />

York: McGraw-HilI.<br />

1994: Umtuso. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.<br />

1968: Tsonga Idioms. Johannesburg: Swiss Mission.<br />

1981: The Ethnography of Communication: An<br />

Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.<br />

1946: Traditional Uteroture: Bantu Speaking Tribes of<br />

South Africa.Cape Town: Maskew Miller.<br />

1991: Umnsinsi. Kenwyn: Juta Publishers.<br />

1957: Words and Idioms. London: Constable<br />

Publishers.<br />

160


Thwala, J.J.<br />

Von Kapff, U.<br />

2000: An explication of some aspects of Christian<br />

ThembaMsimang'spoetry. LucwaningoIweticu<br />

tebudokotela lolungakashicilelwa.<br />

KwaDlangezwa: Enyuvesi yakOZulu.<br />

1997: Zulu "People of Heaven". Umhlanga Rocks:<br />

Holiday Africa Publications.<br />

161


6.2 TANGOMA<br />

SIBONGO NEUGAMA IMINYAKA INDZAWO<br />

(a) Bhernbe. Mfana 96 eMaobodzi<br />

(b) Dvuba. Vela 75 Lubhalule<br />

(e) Dludlu, Mabamba 79 Kamhlushwa<br />

(d) Gama.Cocile 82 Kamdladla<br />

(e) Jele. Khombile 59 kaChibikhulu<br />

(f) Khatwane. Fusi 63 kaShabalala<br />

(0) Kunene. Themba 92 INowepisl<br />

(h) lukhele. Khetsa 51 eMhluzi<br />

(i) Mabila.Vuma 58 KaLamaoadlela<br />

(j) Mabuza. MseOOnti 69 eMzinti<br />

(k) Manan. Nhloko 72 eNtunda<br />

(1) Mdluli. Khutsala 70 eMasibekela<br />

(m) Msibi. Funwako 54 eSivabuswa<br />

(n) Motsa. Butsile 50 Kanyamazane<br />

(0) Noomane. Sipho 67 eMsobotieni<br />

(p) Shiba. Mbuso 77 eMhlonoamvula<br />

(a) Sibandze. Bandla 94 eMiindini<br />

(r) SiOOko. Landziwe 49 kaNtolwane<br />

(s) Shonawe. Mzwokhe 34 Elukwatini<br />

en Sibanvoni. Mfula 67 Silobela<br />

(u) Sifundza. Silwane 60 KaMhlanaa<br />

(v) Sukati. Hlulelile 66 eMalahleni<br />

(w) Tfwala. Futile 39 Elanqwane<br />

(x) Ifurnbelo, Tsandza 44 iMpuluzi<br />

(v) Tsabedze. Mbuti 61 eSwalala<br />

(z) Tselo. Mandlakhe 55 eMjejane<br />

(co) Vilane. Mafulela 93 iMzinoni<br />

(bb) Vilakati. Mlandzeli 59 Dlomodlomo<br />

(cc) ZUlu. TIkhali 68 Nkomazi<br />

(dd) Zwane. Khulumile 70 eMlomo<br />

6.3 SICHIBIYELO<br />

Luhla Iwetingoma ngekwenngcikitsi toto<br />

I. Kufundzisa, kuknutscto nekumisa sibindzi<br />

(a) Ngifundzise<br />

Ngifundzise dian loml,<br />

Ngifundzise gogo wcrnt<br />

162


Emagumbi lemon' emhlaba<br />

Agcolotel' imisebenti vornl,<br />

Ngifundzise dloti lemadloti.<br />

(b) Indlela<br />

Ngibonis' indlela khokho,<br />

Ngibonis' indlela rnkhulu,<br />

Ngibanis' indlela babe,<br />

Nom' emehlo afIphele,<br />

Nom' emadvundv' advundvubele,<br />

Ngibonis' lndlelo. ngibonise.<br />

(c) Ngivuleleni<br />

Ngivulelen'inyatselo,<br />

Ngiy' etigangeni ngiyewugubha,<br />

Ngiye' etintsabeni ngiyewugubha,<br />

Yivuleni bogogo,<br />

Yivuleni bomkhulu.<br />

(d) Makhehla<br />

Makhehl' ami ngingewenu,<br />

Ngingewenu kukubi kukuhle.<br />

Ngingewenu Iishisa Iigucubele,<br />

Ngimiseni sibindzi makhehl' ami.<br />

(e) Ngiyawuyibamba<br />

Ngiyawuyibamba njalo Dloti lornl.<br />

Nom'umfula ugcwele,<br />

Ngiyawuwela,<br />

Noma tintsaba tiphakeme,<br />

Ngiyawukhuphuka.<br />

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(f) Yuma<br />

Vuma mntfwanelidloti,<br />

Vuma kulabalele,<br />

Bakutfume utfumeke,<br />

Bakuph' emandla,<br />

Bakuphe sibindzi­<br />

Vuma mntfwanelidloti.<br />

(g) Umuhle<br />

Umuhle dlati lami,<br />

Umuhle dlati lornt<br />

Ungiwet' imifula,<br />

Ungifundzisetihlahla.<br />

(h) Hambo<br />

Hamba nami goga,<br />

Siyogubha timphandze,<br />

Ngetimphandze ngigogodze,<br />

Goga wami, hamba nami.<br />

(i) Udloti Lami<br />

Gog wami, lidlati lami,<br />

Mkhulu wami, lidlati lornl<br />

Babe wami, lidlati lornl<br />

Make wami, lidlati lami,<br />

Ngingumntfwanemadloti:<br />

Angisekele ngapha nangale,<br />

Angesusa ngilele ngihamba,<br />

Angelusa ngihamba ngilele.<br />

164


(j) Inkhomo<br />

Ayibuye inkhomo vobobobe.<br />

Ngiyihlindze ngiyihlahlele,<br />

Ngitsatse sibindzi ngelaphe,<br />

Ngitsats' inhlitiyo ngelaphe,<br />

Ngitsats' umganga ngelaphe.<br />

(1


Ungishanisa Ie nole,<br />

Ungikhamba Ie nole,<br />

Mine ngiwelidlati,<br />

Yemhlaba... Yemhlaba.<br />

(0) Ngil


(a) Imphangele<br />

Ngigcwele tiganga<br />

Ngiphendvuk' imphangele<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lornl,<br />

Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />

(b) Needze<br />

Ningibona nginguncedze<br />

Ngentiwa lidloti,<br />

Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />

Ngencobile Iidloti.<br />

(c) Bobabe bakhashane<br />

Bobabe bakhashane,<br />

Bakhashane,<br />

Bobabe baseMgobodzi,<br />

Bakhashane,<br />

Bobabe baseMhlume,<br />

Bakhashane.<br />

(d) Baphelile<br />

Lomhlaba ucedze bakitsi,<br />

Yuma baphansi,<br />

Baphelile bakitsi;<br />

Yuma baphansi,<br />

Baphelile nya.<br />

(e) Ngitawuhamba NaJo<br />

Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nolo,<br />

Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nolo,<br />

167


sengitawuhamba nalo babe,<br />

Ngitawuhamba nalo make,<br />

Sengitawuhamba nalo batali.<br />

(f) Tiganga<br />

Ningigcwalise tiganga,<br />

Ngifun'imphilo,<br />

Ngewuse tigodzi,<br />

Ngakhuphuk' imimango,<br />

Dloti lami! Dloti lami!<br />

(g) Imifula<br />

Siwel' imifula nemifudlana,<br />

Sitfungats'imphilo<br />

Imphilo siyitfolile<br />

Ngemuva kweminyakanyaka,<br />

Siyitfolile madloti.<br />

(h) Emaliba<br />

Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />

Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />

Kwaijalw' ummbila<br />

Ummbil' etikwawo.<br />

Ngiyakwesaba nkhonjane!<br />

(i) Sikhulu<br />

Sikhulu, sikhulu sibili?<br />

Sikhulu, sikhulusakanhlaka?<br />

Sikhonjwe Ie nale<br />

Sikhonjwa ngapha nangale<br />

168


(j) Bangishiyile<br />

Babe ungishiyile.<br />

Make uhambile.<br />

Mkhulu wendvulele.<br />

Gogo wendlalele.<br />

Lomhlab' uyahlaba.<br />

Ngisele ngedvwana,<br />

Bangishiyile - bangishiyile.<br />

(k) Angisalali<br />

Angisalali, sengilal' etigangeni.<br />

Angisalali, sengilal' emahlatsini.<br />

Ngaye ngahlupheka yenebakitsi.<br />

Ngahlupheka mine yenebakitsi.<br />

Inhlupheko ingicondzile.<br />

(I) Yaclzaclzewetfu<br />

Inkhomo yadzadzwetfu ingalali phasi.<br />

Inkhomo yadzadzewetfu ingalali phcst<br />

Ayivuke. ingalali phosl<br />

Ayivuke. ingalali phasi.<br />

(m) Angimange ngitente<br />

Mine angitentanga. ngentiwa ngulabalele.<br />

Veshoba lorni, Veshoba lami!<br />

Mine angimange ngitente babe.<br />

Veshoba lami! Veshoba lami!<br />

Ngentiwa ngulabalele.<br />

(n) Ayihlome<br />

Wo. ayihlome.<br />

169


Hhayi ... hhayi ...<br />

Badlal' enhloko yami<br />

Bentani? Bentani bona?<br />

Badlal' enhloko yami.<br />

(0) Inyanga Vami<br />

(P) Vulani<br />

Inyanga yami yangati ngelidloti lornl,<br />

Udloti lami ...<br />

Inyanga yami yangati ngelidloti lornl,<br />

Ngiyo leyangati ngelidloti lami.<br />

Sivuleleni singene.<br />

Vufani emasango,<br />

Vulan' emasango singene,<br />

Vulani emasango,<br />

Vulan' emasango singene,<br />

VuJani emasango.<br />

(q) Tfongo lami<br />

Akube kuhle tfongo lami<br />

Ngicel' ernodlotlnl<br />

Akube kuhle tfongo lornt<br />

Ngicel'emadlotini.<br />

(r) Udloti lami<br />

Yelidloti lami be,<br />

Labaleka layawukhwel' intsaba<br />

Naliya! Naliya!<br />

Uyabaleka Iikhwel' intsaba<br />

Naliya! Naliya!<br />

170


III. Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano<br />

(a) Ningitsandzile<br />

Ningitsandzile labadzala,<br />

Ningitsandzile bokhokho boml<br />

Lamuhla ngiphetse sikhwama,<br />

Sikhwama senu labadzala,<br />

Senu bokhokho bami.<br />

(b) sokc lami<br />

Yesoka lornl,<br />

Ungishiye wangifulafsela,<br />

Sicatjaniswa lidloti lami,<br />

Hamba uyewushona<br />

Uyewushona mshiya Iowa<br />

Yesoka lami.<br />

(c) Bogogo<br />

Ningiwetile ... ningiwetile,<br />

Bogogo ningiwetile,<br />

Sengingesheya kwemfula<br />

Ngelutsandvo Iwenu bogogo,<br />

Sengingesheya kwemfula.<br />

(d) Ngelidloti lami<br />

Ngelidloti lami<br />

Ngitsandza batali bcrnt<br />

Ngitsandza bantfwabami,<br />

Ngitsandza tinini tornt<br />

Ngelidloti lami.<br />

171


(e) Ngiwete<br />

Ngiwete dlati lcrnl<br />

Ngiwelele ngesheya,<br />

Ngesheya kweLubhalule<br />

Lalungawelwa muntfu phaca.<br />

Ngiwete dlati lami<br />

Dlati lemfundvumala lengapheli,<br />

Dlati lelutsandva lalungapheli,<br />

Ngiwete dlat lami.<br />

(f) Asibambene<br />

Asibambane tfanga lornl,<br />

Yindze lendlela ...<br />

Asibambane mhali wornl<br />

Yindze lendlela ...<br />

(g) Hamba Nemi<br />

Hamba nami kuletimikheleketse,<br />

Hamba natsi kuletiphakeme,<br />

. TIphakeme ngangeteluKhalamba.<br />

Hambanami .<br />

Hamba natsi .<br />

(h) Soke Ndzini<br />

Hamba saka ndzini,<br />

Ngiwelidlati mine<br />

Lelinatsa kulesijulile,<br />

Hambasaka ...<br />

172


(I) Lutsandvo<br />

Luphi lutsandvo Iwami?<br />

Lusematfongeni.<br />

Luphi lutsandvo Iwami?<br />

Lusematfongeni.<br />

(j) Hlanganani<br />

Hlanganani slve.<br />

Hlanganani nibe rnunve.<br />

Hlanganani nibuswe bunye,<br />

Hlanganani nikhulume ngebunye.<br />

(1


(n) Bunye<br />

Imbokodvo yemaSwati<br />

Inyandza yemaSwati<br />

Inkhatsa yakoZulu<br />

Buye... bunye wekunene.<br />

(0) S'tsandvwa<br />

Buya s'tscndvwo<br />

Buy'ungahambi,<br />

Noma Iidloti<br />

SelingitfumbW akusenani,<br />

Buya s'tsandvwa.<br />

(P) Simunye<br />

Umhlab' ungehlulile<br />

Ngihlab' umkhonsi webunye,<br />

Siyimbumba Ngwane,<br />

Ngwane wemahlabatsi simunye.<br />

(q) Buyani<br />

Buyani siyewunats' iMpuluzi,<br />

Buyani siyewunats' iMpuluzi,<br />

Buyani siyewanats' iMpuluzi,<br />

Simunye ... simunye ...<br />

(r) Lutsandva Sibili<br />

Ngipheni lutsandvo sibili<br />

Bogogo nobornkhulu<br />

Ngipheni lutsandvo sibili<br />

Make nababe.<br />

174


IV. Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />

(a) Tfuma Mine<br />

Tfuma mine; tfuma mine,<br />

Tfuma mine, tfuma mine,<br />

Tfuma mine, tfuma mine<br />

Ngiyavuma, ngiyavuma,<br />

Sengiyavuma Nkhosi yami.<br />

(b) Ngwane<br />

(c) Babe<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />

Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />

Sihlanganise sive.<br />

Sih/anganise Ngwane.<br />

Babe wami ... Babe wornt<br />

Ngiholele kulaluhlata<br />

Ngiyewukwenta njengekwelayeta<br />

Kwelayeta kwakho Babe.<br />

(d) Inhlanga<br />

Ngingumntfwana wenhlanga,<br />

Ngikhuliswe ngetihlahla,<br />

Ngishadiswe netihlahla,<br />

TIhlahla yimphilo yami.<br />

(e) Makhos' Ami!<br />

Uphi Ndungunye<br />

Moknos' ami?<br />

Uphi Somhlolo<br />

175


Makhos' ami?<br />

(f) Bhuza<br />

Uphi Mswati<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Uphi Mbandzeni<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Uphi Mahlokohla<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Uphi Sobuhza<br />

Makhos' ami?<br />

Ngiyawukhulekela Bhuza,<br />

Kumnyama kubovu<br />

Nguye Bhuza,<br />

Kumhlophe kunjani.<br />

Nguye Bhuza.<br />

(g) Batsatse<br />

Batsatsedloti lami,<br />

Uyobafak' esibayeni,<br />

Uyobafak' emsamo,<br />

Ubatekele tebudloti.<br />

(h) Dlotinchanti<br />

Ngibuke Dlotinchanti,<br />

Ngihole etindleleni tokho,<br />

Ngikhanyisele sibani sckho,<br />

Ngingewakho Dlotinchanti.<br />

(i) Bafokati<br />

Baphi bafokati?<br />

176


(j) Uve<br />

Sabawet' iNgwavuma;<br />

Baphi bafokati?<br />

Sabawet' iMbuluzi;<br />

Sabaweta ... Sabaweta ...<br />

Uve laNgwane<br />

Ugcwel' ebagcoki;<br />

Uve laNgwane<br />

Ugcwel' ebachamuki;<br />

Baphets' umculu<br />

Ngwane sikhali.<br />

(1


(n) Asiye<br />

Asiy' endvumbeni<br />

Siyaticedza khono,<br />

Asiy' esilulwini<br />

Siyaticedza khana.<br />

(0) Bambelela<br />

Bambalel' elldlotinl<br />

Ungubabe namake<br />

Ungumkhulu nagoga,<br />

Bambelel' ungadzinwa.<br />

(P) Wentani?<br />

Ungelapha ngachamu?<br />

Wentani?<br />

Ungelapha ngembulu?<br />

Wentani?<br />

Hhay! Ungumtsakatsi.<br />

(q) LaMswati<br />

Emdadlati ayavuma<br />

LaMswati;<br />

Emadlati ayakhuluma<br />

LaMswati.<br />

(r) 5aJani<br />

Salani bokhokho,<br />

Salani bogog,<br />

Sihlehla siyaphuma<br />

Sitawubuya ngemusa.<br />

178


V. Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo<br />

(a) Emandla<br />

Emand!' elidloti<br />

Akumelwana ncwo,<br />

Emand!' elidloti<br />

Akumelwana nawo.<br />

(b) Kagogo<br />

Kagogo<br />

Emphandzeni yemphilo yami,<br />

Ngiyayal<br />

Ngiyaya!<br />

Emphandzeni yemphilo vornl<br />

Kagogo.<br />

(c) Emuva<br />

Angisayi emuva<br />

Emuva angisayi,<br />

Embili dloti lomi,<br />

Embili gogo wami.<br />

(d) Ngiyawubambelela<br />

Ngiyawubambelela kini labadzala<br />

Ningiwete teLubombo,<br />

Ningiwete teLukhahlamba<br />

Ngiyawubambelela njalo boo<br />

(e) Emalombo<br />

Hambani emalombo,<br />

Mimoya lemibi hambani,<br />

179


Hambani mimaya lernlbl,<br />

Hambani emalamba.<br />

(f) Akulandvwe<br />

Aph' emandla?<br />

Aph' emafa<br />

Asetikhulwimi<br />

Asetinjingeni<br />

Akalandvwe! Akalandvwe!<br />

(g) Sibindzi<br />

NgesibindZi sengwenyama,<br />

Ngiyawuncaba dlati lami.<br />

Ngemandl' enyatsi.<br />

Ngiyawuncaba yengwe,<br />

Ngiyawuncaba dlati lami.<br />

(h) Ngiyawunamafsela<br />

(i) utile<br />

Ngiyawunamatsela kuwe.<br />

Kuwe dlati lornl<br />

Ngiyawunamatsela kuwe.<br />

Kuwe khakha wami.<br />

Utile lenkhasi;<br />

Siyawulivusa ngenkhani.<br />

Utile lengwenyama<br />

Siyawulivusa ngemandla.<br />

180


(n) Uhawu<br />

Uhawu lenkhani<br />

Uhawu lobokhokho,<br />

Babhule babhulisise,<br />

Mababhulwe mababhulisiswe.<br />

(0) Indlondlo Lenelusiba<br />

Indlondlo lenelusiba,<br />

Igalele kwevakala,<br />

Kwahlangan' emadloti<br />

Kwasabalal' imimoya lemibi.<br />

(P) Ngenkhani<br />

(q) Udloti<br />

Emantini ngiyawutfwasa<br />

Ngenkhani!<br />

Esikhupheni ngiyawutfwasa<br />

Ngenkhani!<br />

Ngiyawutfwasa ngenkhani ... Ngenkhani!<br />

Udloti tornt<br />

Ngukhokho wamL<br />

Udloti lornl,<br />

Yingati yami<br />

AkusiliNdzwawe! AkusiliNdiki<br />

(r) Bayawusala<br />

Bayawusal' emvileni<br />

Labangati Iidloti,<br />

Bayamulal' umlalela futsL<br />

Labangati lidloti,<br />

Udloti Iiyimphilo.<br />

182

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