e-flight-Journal01-2017-small

Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter,
Rotor wings, Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making News,
eFlight VoFlight VFlight lFlight l.Flight Journal
Quarterly Vol. 1-2017
17
www.e-flight-journal.com
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supported by
UBER Elevate
The Industry Booster
Zunum & Co
When will airliners be electric ?
Overview
VTOL Aircraft
Lilium Jet
German VTOL takes off
Siemens EXTRA Power
& more at
AERO & Paris Airshow
Pipistrel Alpha Electro
E-flight training around the World

E-Flight.
An An exciting future.
“By entering
“By entering
the
the
field
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of highly
of highly
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innovative
aircraft
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propulsion
propulsion
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technology,
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opening
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a new
chapter
chapter
in E-Mobility.
in E-Mobility.
Collaboration
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with
Airbus
Airbus
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will
will
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create
new
new
perspectives
perspectives
for
for
our
our
company
company
and
and
open
open
us up
us
even
up even
more
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to disruptive
to disruptive
innovation.“
innovation.“
Siemens
Siemens
President
President
and
and
CEO
CEO
Joe
Joe
Kaeser
Kaeser
siemens.com/innovation
siemens.com/innovation

e ditorial
e-flight Needs a Platform to Take off
EElectric aviation-related technologies and products have
been developing quickly in the past decade. More innovative
concepts occur in the electric aviation area than any other
aerospace sector. New electric aircraft take maiden flights on
a regular basis. Due to the announcement of the electric aircraft
projects of Siemens, Airbus, Uber, Kitty Hawk, Zunum
and many others, we will very likely witness hybrid passenger
airplanes and electric on-demand VTOL in service in the
next decade.
However, this is also the critical time for the growing electric
aviation industry. The application of electric aircraft in flight
training, recreational flight and specific operations like aerobatics
and glider towing are imminent, but the rules must be
developed and the manufacturers and most importantly the
pilots and future customers must want this new e-Aviation.
Due to this, the aviation community and the general public
must be informed and be kept up-to-date.
Some great designs evoked are possible by electric aviation
technologies such as multi-rotor manned VTOL aircraft and
on-demand aerial mobility and may still seem exotic to policy
makers, but the success of the new designs and operation
business models depends on their critical understanding
and support. Moreover, electric aviation has significant
cross-over effect in many relevant industries such as microchip,
sensor, software, synthetic materials, battery, automation,
and so on, but some of these industries or companies
have not been well aware of the new market development
opportunities.
Therefore, we believe that this is the critical time for this new
aviation to take off and to do this there needs to be a platform.
The e Flight Journal strives to be the communication part
of this platform. Dedicated to electric aviation, which effectively
consolidates all communication and marketing channels
concerning e-flight and promotes the whole industry. It
is urgently necessary for the exponent and long-term growth
of the electric aviation market and industry.
This journal will serve as a good communication channel between
industry players, regulators, investors, market - the
general public and last but not least politicians. It will be a
loudspeaker, a bridge, a platform and any other roles necessary
to help propel forward electric aviation innovation.
The e Flight Journal is committed to raise the awareness of
electric aviation among the public, pilots and politicians
(PPP) so that the readers learn that electric aviation is an imminent
technology able to be deployed commercially in the
near future instead of a far-fetched phenomenon. To spearhead
the electric aviation market trend so that GA community
including manufacturers and operators know how they
could prepare for the advent of the electric aviation, to showcase
the contemporary state-of-the-art electric aviation technologies
from leading players in the industry, to review the
policymaking situation related to electric aviation and autonomous
flight certification and operation from key policymaking
agencies, i.e. FAA, EASA, CAAC etc.
We will do this in every possible way printed (at special occasions
like Airventure and AERO), and of course online, with
the website and social media channels. The difference from
the Journal opposed to many existing blogs is its filtered information
designated and condensed by experienced aviation
editors so that professionals can access the info in a
short time and the public will understand as well.
Electric aviation is more than aviation technology innovation.
It will have a profound social and economic impact, just similar
to what jet aircraft did to the society over 60 years ago,
making flying accessible to “normal” people.
Electric aviation will create more and new types of jobs,
more technology innovation in many other industries, a bigger
market for aviation products, and most importantly, make
aviation more friendly to the environment and flying more accessible
to people. Especially when electric aircraft is bundled
with renewable energy. No more noise complaints from
the neighboring communities, no more concern about the
fuel cost at the end of flight. Commuting between and inside
cities would be much easier and quicker. Flying long
distance would be at lower cost and more accessible. Even
the flying experience itself will be more easy (assisted), and
pleasant in a quieter cabin. Electric aviation will make flying
do better what was invented for: to overcome obstacles and
to bring people together.
But until the bright future of electric aviation arrives, we need
your help to get it done.
Here are 3 ways you can help:
First, share as much news with our editorial staff so that we
can investigate and edit the info to accelerate the communication
in the scene by helping eliminate issues and solve
problems together. For example, when new infrastructure is
built in several countries at the same time with little coordination.
By solving problems together we can help eliminate issues
along the way.
Second, share your news with us so that we can inform pilots,
the public and politicians by keeping them up-to-date
and motivated to work for the e-revolution.
Thirdly, support the magazine by distributing the access
links to get the info to as many persons as possible. If possible,
by commercial support as well because to get the info
mass distributed the magazine must be free and also from
the advertising side, there will not be much income as the
markets still have to develop. So as long as there are not
many e-aircraft sold there are no marketing budgets and no
advertising.
So support us and together we can make electric aviation
take off faster and fly higher while everyone enjoys the ride.
Willi Tacke
Xin Gou
e Flight Journal
2

i
lt
Content / Imprint
Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotor wings,
Fixed Wing, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule making news, Test Reports * Electric Aviation, VTOLS, Multicopter, Rotorwings, Hybrid Technoilogy, Rule
Quarterly rly Vol. 1-2017
www.e-fl ight-journal.com
supported by
UBER Elevate
The Industry Booster
Zunum & Co
When will airliners be electric ?
Siemens EXTRA Power
Overview
& more at
VTOL Aircraft
AERO & Paris Airshow
Lilium Jet
Pipistrel Alpha Electro
German VTOL takes off
E-ight training around the World
Categories
editorial 2
Imprint 3
eNews 4
eDates 7
9 • eTraining & more: One of the best time
in aeronautical history?
13 • AERO & e-flight expo & e-flight show /
Germany, 25th anniversary:
A Celebration of Electric Aviation
17 • From e-flight to „on-demand mobility“
Is the UBER-plane Coming Next?
21 • Fight Training in Whisper Mode
Around he World
24 • Ivo Boscarol – Mr. Electric
27 • Le Bourget Airshow 2017
Paris in the sign of big e
31 • GAMA: The Early Days of a Revolution
Increased Electrification & Automation
We the e Flight Journal (e FJ) founders are
a team of aviation journalists and enthusiasts
who created Flying-Pages.
Publishing several aviation publications
around the world. It started with
the interest in electric flying in 2009.
We co-founded the e-Flight-Expo in
Friedrichshafen/Germany as part of the
AERO, and established it as the largest
show for electric aviation worldwide.
The e FJ is supported by the GAMA EPIC
committee and many others.
33 • Zunum Aero - Think BIG
35 • eVTOL to be in trial use in Dubai
37 • Aurora’s eVTOL approach
39 • Electric Flight Plans of the Norwegian
Government: e-Flight Up North
41 • e-Visions Become Reality
e Flight Journal
www.flying-pages.com
Publisher, Flying-pages GmbH, Buttersteig 11,
D-16831 Rheinsberg OT Zühlen
• phone: D-033931/80 60 27, Fax.: D-030/34 70 91 24
• info@flying-pages.com • www.flying-pages.com
ADVERTISING
Worldwide Willi Tacke, • phone :+49 (0)8841 / 487 515,
mob:+49 (0)171 69 808 71, fax:+49(0)8841 / 496 012,
US Cell: +1 920 385 8495 • willi@flying-pages.com
Germany & other Countries, Rosi Berkemeier
• phone: +49 (0)33931/80 60 27 • Fax +49 (0)30 / 3470 9124
• rosi@flying-pages.com
USA, Bettina C. Larrarte • phone.: +1 970 310 1410
Fax: +1 970 449 0566 • bc@flying-pages.com
EDITORIAL
Robby Bayerl, Marino Boric, Greg Bowls, René Coulon, Dimitri Delemarle, Jan
Fridrich, Mike Friend, Xin Guo, Martin Hardung, Dan Johnson, Klaus Köhmstedt,
Germán Larrarte, Werner Pfändler, Peter Raab, Jan Otto Reimers, Torkell
Saetervade, Christian Tacke, Julia Tacke, Willi Tacke, Dave Unwin; Qinyin
Zhang, Markus Villinger, Jean-Marie Urlacher (Photo).
Managing Editor, Design: Bettina Cosima Larrarte
Technical Proofreader/USA: Renée Larrarte
Online: Achim Holzmann
© 2017 Flying-Pages GmbH. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means,
electrical, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owner.
DISCLAIMER
This publication consists largely of information supplied by traders and
manufacturers. Flying-Pages GmbH and its associates do not take any
responsibility for the data, facts, wording, addresses, prices and spelling of
the items published and do not claim the market survey to be complete. The
publisher has made every effort to ensure its accuracy and completeness, and
has queried many facts during its compilation, but cannot be held responsible
for errors or omissions, or for any problems arising from them, or for the use
to which the information is put.
3 e Flight Journal

e News
E-Flight Formation: two Magnus e-Fusion taking off
Electric airplane for 3D mapping
over a populated area
The first demonstration using an electric airplane for 3D mapping
over a populated area was carried out in June. PC Aero’s Elektra One
Solar aircraft flew at 300 m over the old town of Landshut in Southern
Germany in order to map the entire city in three dimensions at very
high resolution using the German company Vialight’s laser transmission
equipment. The Elektra One Solar flew autonomously on a predetermined
path over Landshut while carrying a complex payload
of sensors, cameras and high-speed data links, which transmitted
the data to a ground station. The system was able to transmit real
time video in 4K resolution up to 40 km and subsequently map the
entire town in three dimensions to an accuracy of 2 cm. The obvious
advantage of using a solar electric aircraft for such mission is that it
can fly within a few hundred meters of any city without disturbing the
residents. The direct operational costs are also very low.
SolarStratos’ solar plane made
the maiden flight in May
The prototype was made by PC Aero. In late 2016, PC-Aero and
Elektra UAS merged to form Elektra Solar GmbH with a particular
emphasis on electric propulsion and robotic concepts. SolarStratos
plans for manned stratospheric flight (up to 80,000ft) with an
unmanned version for day-night solar stratospheric flights under
construction. The original Elektra single seater has been flying
since 2011, with that aircraft now developed as the Elektra One
Solar with solar panels on the much longer wings.
Embry-Riddle formed Hybrid
Consortium
in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory, Airbus, Boeing,
GE Aviation, Textron, Rolls Royce, Hartzell and Cape Air in June. Led
by the university’s Eagle Flight Research Center (EFRC) based at its
Daytona Beach, FL. campus, the Embry-Riddle Hybrid Consortium
explored the design space for turbine/electric aircraft propulsion systems
that reduce noise, emissions and operating costs. The ultimate
goal is to produce a commercially viable, nine-passenger hybrid turboprop
by 2025, and a large hybrid-electric jet by 2035.
e Flight Journal
4

e News
Zenair STOL CH750 transfers
into electric bush plane
Solar Ship and Zenair have reached an agreement in June
to convert the Zenair STOL CH750 into an electric bush
plane with ground solar charge stations. This new aircraft
will provide extreme short takeoff and landing (XSTOL)
capability enabling pilots to takeoff in areas without runways.
The aircraft is recharged by either a battery swap
or electric vehicle rechargers. It will not use any fossil fuel
and will be available as a bush plane, float or amphibious.
The Zenair electric planes are part of Solar Ship’s selfreliant
infrastructure package to support critical cargo and
air ambulance service in remote areas. The electric bush
plane project is part of Zenair and Solar Ship’s ongoing
partnership since 2011 when Zenair developed the fuselage
for Solar Ship’s Zenship 11, a hybrid aircraft able to
takeoff and land from a soccer field to deliver critical cargo
for disaster relief.
Joby Aviation is developing VTOL
drone
Fixed wing eVTOL aircraft developer Joby Aviation is developing a novel
VTOL drone called Lotus, which has unique configuration with 2-bladed
rotors mounted on the wingtip providing thrust in takeoff and landing, but
scissor close in flight to become part of the wing. Lotus project is under contract
with NASA and has its roots in the NASA “Dos Samara” UAV concept.
Lotus project intends to develop a fixed wing VTOL with better cruising efficiency
and lower noise. A future 275 lb-class hybrid-electric model development
of this configuration has the potential to become the first VTOL aircraft
to achieve 24-hour endurance.
First World Future Sports Games in
Dubai end of December 2017
Dubai Museum of the Future Foundation announced that it will organize
World Future Sports Games in December 2017 as the first initiative of its
kind in the world featuring innovation and futuristic technology based
sports competitions including manned drones. The World Future Sports
Games was unveiled as Dubai announced Future Sports as a new innovation
driven economic sector. The first edition of the World Future Sports
Games will be hosted in Dubai from December 28-30, 2017. The games
will be held over three days once every two years, and will be open for participation
from individuals, companies, academic institutions and research
centers from around the world. The Games will feature nine competitions
that employ modern technology and artificial intelligence: driverless car
racing, robotic soccer, robotic running competitions, manned drones racing,
robotic swimming, robotic table tennis, robotic wrestling, drones races
and cybathlon competition.
Echodyne with $ 29 million in
new funding
Echodyne, a Seattle startup
building compact beam
scanning radar units to
help drones/automatic flying
air taxi detect and avoid
terrains and obstacles, has
$ 29 million in new funding
from Bill Gates and
Paul Allen in May. Echodyne’s
major product is
the Metamaterial Electronically
Scanning
Array (MESA), a radar array that is small enough to mount
on a drone or a manned autonomous aerial mobility vehicle.
In November 2016, Echodyne demonstrated a MESA system
that can automatically detect and evade oncoming aircraft
and other obstacles. Their latest version can pick out
a small Cessna aircraft from the equivalent of thirty football
fields away, and a hobbyist DJI Phantom drone from 750
meters.
Electric aircraft fly-in in
Switzerland
The Swiss electric aviation advocate group Smartflyer Challenge
is going to hold an electric aircraft fly-in on 9-10 September
2017 at Grenchen airport (LSZG) in Switzerland.
There will be a static and air display for a variety of different
electric- or hybrid powered aircraft including aerobatic airplanes,
gliders, multicopters and so on.
Pipistrel formed MAHEPA
(Modular Approach to Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Architecture)
in cooperation with Compact Dynamics, DLR, University
of Ulm, H2Fly, Politecnico di Milano, TU Delft and University
of Maribor. The main result of MAHEPA project will
be novel, modular and scalable hybrid-electric powertrains
capable of running on alternative fuels or on hydrogen with
zero emissions.
5 e Flight Journal

e News
Toyota use wind turbine power to generate
hydrogen from water
Toyota began a new trial program with updated equipment to use wind turbine power
to generate hydrogen from water in July. The trial program started in 2015 and has produced
hydrogen to power 2 test forklift trucks. This new updated program will produce
enough hydrogen to power 12 forklift trucks. Besides the energy program, Toyota has direct
participation in electric aviation by providing about $ 35,0000 USD financial support
to a flying car project that intends to be used to light the torch at the opening ceremony
of the Tokyo Olympic Games in Summer 2018. Toyota also sent senior engineers to the
UBER Elevate Summit conference in Dallas.
The future of Transportation
First US state governor to ride
autonomously piloted aircraft
Terry McAuliffe, the Virginia Governor, became the first US
state governor to ride an autonomously piloted aircraft when
he was the passenger in a Diamond DA-42 of the Aurora
company in May. Terry McAuliffe has been heavily promoting
the drone and autonomous flight technologies business in
Virginia. Aurora’s DA-42 can be flown as an optional piloted
airplane (OPA) with full autonomous flight control capability
including autonomous takeoff and landings. In addition, Aurora’s
robotic co-pilot rig has successfully landed a Boeing
737 simulator. The robotic co-pilot rig can be adoptable and
fitted in existing airplane models fairly quickly. Aurora is also
one of the five current partner companies of UBER’s Elevate
eVTOL on-demand aerial mobility project.
At the “Future of Transportation World Conference” (July 5-6, in Cologne /
Germany) in the session on “Getting Transportation Off the Ground” there
were next to known players also some new e-flight concepts presented:
Alma Flexcraft: The Portuguese company Almadesign works on a very-
Short Take-Off and Landing (vSTOL) Flexcraft, with hybrid-electric power
plant, 2 fan-in-wings and a pusher engine in the back between the two
booms. This 8-passenger concept is part of the NewFACE, a cooperation
of Almadesign, INEGI, SET and Embraer Compósitos, and the Technical
University of Lisbon. Different propulsion schemes are being considered,
as well as fuel cells for energy storage. Also there is the Israeli company Urban
Aeronautics whose subsidiary Aurora Aircraft GmbH (founded in June
2017) works on the Falcon XP, a 14-passenger version of the 4-passenger
Urban Aeronautics/Metro Skyways CityHawk. “The aircraft will first run on
jet fuel, later a hydrogen electric version is planed”.
Geely acquired flying car
company Terrafugia
The Chinese car manufacturer Geely announced in July that
they have acquired the flying car company Terrafugia. Chris
Jaran, a former Vice President-China for Bell Helicopters and
COO-Sikorsky Global Helicopters, was appointed as CEO of
Terrafugia as of July 2017. Geely is the owner of Volvo and
Lotus and is active in electric mobility and autonomous technology
development. Besides the Transition flying car that
Terrafugia has been developing light sports aircraft qualified,
in May 2013 Terrafugia announced the successor of the Transition
called the TF-X which would be a plug-in hybrid tilt-rotor
VTOL vehicle and would be a fully autonomous flying car.
e Flight Journal
6

e News
RX1E is getting upgrade with
battery rescue system
The Chinese electric light sports airplane RX1E is developing
an upgrade model with large battery capacity and BRS’
whole airframe rescue parachute system. Issued with a LSA
type approval and production certificate by the Chinese
civil aviation administrator, RX1E was the first type certified
electric airplane model in the world. The current production
model has a flight time of about one hour.
NASA Cafe EAS in Oshkosh
The Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency (CAFE) foundation will hold the
2017 Electric Aircraft Symposium on 22-23 July 2017 at the University of
Wisconsin Oshkosh. The subject of this year will be “Urban Air Mobility:
Emerging Technologies and Early Market Opportunities”. Keynote speakers
from NASA, GAMA, Siemens, Pipistrel, Zee Aero, Eviation, and various investor
groups and other companies will cover all relevant issues of electric
aviation from regulation and policy to electric airplane model update and
implementation programs. Beginning in 2007, CAFE foundation’s Electric
Aircraft Symposium is the earliest electric aviation event in the US. This
year’s conference will coincide with EAA Airventure’s date and location so
as to make it easier to participate.
Electric Flight Forum in November in
Beijing
The first global e-flight-forum, organized by Flying Pages GmhH and local
partners, will be held in Beijing China in November 2017. This will be the first
electric aviation themed event in China. Besides the global players in electric
aviation, Chinese high-profile participants will include the Chinese policymakers,
national research groups, major general aviation operators and
various investor groups. As the Chinese central government has set a high
goal for the general aviation development in China by 2020 and explicitly
supports new energy aircraft designs and e-mobility at large, electric aviation
has drawn significant attention in China, for example, the Chinese RX1E
LSA became the first type certified electric airplane in the world in 2015.
Kitty Hawk and more e-flight
at Airventure
Kitty Hawk, the electric aviation startup founded by Google’s
Larry Page, is going to present its single seat eVTOL preproduction
model to the public for the first time at EAA Airventure
this month. Kitty Hawk may also make demo flights
at the seaplane base at Lake Winnebago. Kitty Hawk has
begun accepting order deposits for this single seat FAR103
compliant ultralight eVTOL which, if launched at the end of
this year as planned, will be the world’s first commercially
available eVTOL.
At the EAA Airventure in July, aerospace innovation products
will be on display at Aviation Gateway Park, home of the Innovation
Center at AirVenture Oshkosh. Presenting products
will include the Workhorse SureFly eVTOL aircraft, Kitty Hawk
single seat eVTOL and a Detroit Flying Cars prototype as
well as Pipistrels Alpha elektro the sunflyer and much more..
7 e Flight Journal

e News
Tecnam delivered P2006T Twin NASA X-57
electric powered propulsion program
Tecnam delivered the second P2006T Twin for NASA X-57
electric powered propulsion program in July. X-57 is the first
NASA X-plane to feature a fully distributed electric propulsion
system, which researchers will use to demonstrate an
increase in cruise energy efficiency, as well as reductions in
carbon emission and aircraft noise. The wing will be manufactured
and integrated on the P2006T fuselage by the US
based company Xperimental. Researchers hope to fly an
early version of the modified Tecnam P2006T piloted X-plane
early next year, enabling NASA engineers to easily compare
the performance of the X-57 version with the standard production
Tecnam P2006T Twin.
Man flying an electric multicopter
delivered soccer ball
At the Portuguese Soccer Cup Final game in May, a man
flying an electric multicopter delivered the soccer ball to the
referee. Footage of the amazing futuristic stunt shows a man
riding an obvious electric multicopter at around a 70 m height
in rain before landing by the match official near the halfway
line and handing the ball over and then flying away. The editor’s
warning: do not attempt this at home. The rider’s feet
were only centimeters away from spinning propellers and in
case of a crash landing the flying height was too high without
causing serious injury or worse too low to use a parachute.
For those who are more curious about the game, Benfica
won the game 2-1, beating Vitória de Guimarães and they
completed their 11th league and cup double.
MAKS:
Electric aircraft from Russia
At the Russian MAKS Airshow Sergey Korotkov, chief designer
of the Russian United Aircraft Corporation (UAC),
announced on Thursday, July 20th, 2017 that “UAC is proceeding
with the development of electric aircraft for civil and
military use. Yesterday, for example, a range of agreements
on batteries were signed that will provide planes with new
energy.”
Lilium Jet test flew two-seat
prototype of eVTOL
Lilium Jet successfully test flew its two-seat prototype of the
eVTOL by remote control in April. The novel feature of the
design is the setup of the series of electric fans on the flaps
of the main wing and the canard wing so that it can generate
lift with small wing area to reach high cruising speed while
maintain low speed controllability. The near full wing span
electric fans blowing over the wing surface at cruising stage
also help maintain laminar flow to lower the drag. Lilium Jet
plans to develop up to 5-seater model to be used for ondemand
aerial mobility.
e Flight Journal
8

e Training & more
ONE OF THE BEST TIME
in aeronautical history?
Zunum, the company financed by
Boeing and Jetblue, wants to fly hybrid
electric with passengers soon.
XTI starts vertically and then flies quick like a jet - thanks
to e-fans which you can swivel.
Now may be the best time for aircraft designers ever
since the jet age. Taking the advantages of smaller, faster
and cheaper computer chips and sensors, cheaper
and more powerful batteries and motors, autonomous
software from smart phones, consumer drones, and automobile
industries, electric aircraft and new concepts
for electric vertical flight are mushrooming. In fact there
are so many new electric vertical takeoff and landing
(eVTOL) designs showing up since the last issue of WDLA,
that a newly added “multirotor” category in the WDLA issue
of this year says for itself.
This eVTOL concept became a hot topic when Uber released
its white paper on an on-demand eVTOL urban mobility called
“Elevate” last October, and became viral after the Elevate Summit
conference in Dallas, USA this April. When anything draws the attention
of Silicon Valley, it is on the fast track. Silicon Valley has the
passion, determination, capital(lots of), and the desire to succed.
Kitty Hawk’s eVTOL is now open for pre-order. Elon Musk has
mentioned the supersonic (that’s correct) eVTOL aircraft at a dozen
occasions. Even Airbus set up its eVTOL branch at Silicon
Valley. The Elevate Summit is a gathering of who’s who in the
aerospace community. Almost all the names you have heard of
or are about to hear of in the industry showed up. Uber ended up
forming partnerships with five aircraft manufacturers to design, build
and test eVTOL prototypes by 2020. Dubai has partnered with
Volocopter to test fly their X2 multirotor in the Dubai city by the end
of year. Dallas, US is also eager to try out the urban aerial mobility
concept. Tilt wings, tilt rotors, multirotor, multi electric ducted fans
(EDF), fixed wings, helicopters are all the indicators of the diversity,
possibilities and excitement brought about by electric aviation.
Startups and Sillicon Valley are not the only players in this game.
Incumbant are all in. Just look at the member companies of electric
population and innovation committee (EPIC) of GAMA. Airbus has
set up two separate entities for electric aviation research, in silicon
Valley developing the Vahana eVTOL planned for test flight within the
year, and the Urban Air Mobility division at the head office respectively.
Airbus has decided to upgrade its F-Fan fixed wing project to E-Fan X,
a hybrid/electric regional passenger airplane. Boeing, jointly with Jet
Blue, invested in Zunum Aero to develop hybrid/electric regional aircraft
as well. Bell helicopter and Embraer signed up with Uber to develop
eVTOL technologies.
9 e Flight Journal

e Training & more
This e-heli flew in 2016 - now
the French manufacturer
Aquinea wants to build a
two seater as well.
The “Workhorse” of the US manufacturer Surefly was
shown in Paris airshow 2017 and flies hybrid-electric.
Electric aviation shows a powerful cross-over application among
different industries. The collaboration between Airbus and
Siemens have proved that. Many technologies and products
such as autonomous vehicle control, detect and avoid, battery
and motor, advanced composite manufacturing progress can be
utilized by many other industries. The line between aviation and
other industries becomes so blurred. Some electric aviation startups
have already hired much more electric engineers than aeronautical
engineers.
For pilots and especially for new pilots who are just about to begin
training, the cheaper, quieter and more environmental and neighbor
community friendly electric flight now becomes more practical
and closer to reality than ever. Not only several electric airplanes
have obtained certification such as Pipistrel’s Alpha Electro (UL/
LSA in Australia) and the Chinese RX1E (LSA).
But although the situation light –electric Aircraft in many countries
is still unclear for the Microlight in Europe (demand for weight increase
pending) and LSA in USA (no electric motors allowed in
LSA class) several electric flight training programs have been set
up.
Pipistrels´ Alpha Electro is going
to be used in flight training
programs around the world -
France, Switzerland and USA are
starting this summer.
The Swiss company AlpinAirPlanes is going to deploy ten Alpha
Electro at ten trial airfields with flight schools, Each airfield has a
solar power recharging station and the distance between the airfields
is so that with the 1.5 hours of endurance of the aircraft
you always can reach at least 1 of the other fields. A similar project
will start this summer in Fresno county in California (USA) a team
around Joseph Oldham.
They will purchase 4 Alpha electro and use it in flightshools from 4
airfields. Interresting that both projects are financed by sponsors and
state support and in both countries the authorities allowed to fly in
this Testphase in the flight Training with permit to fly.
Two more flight trainings using the Alpha electro one is organized
by SpaceX because after an old US law all astronauts must have
a pilots licence. So the private space travel organizer is going
to train the future space tourist on the 2 Alpha Electro which will
be delivered at Oshkosh 2017. And finally the French Aeroclub
e Flight Journal
10

e Training & more
Siemens Power for the Extra: The aerobatic aircraft tows the glider with a speed of 9.5 m/s.
Federation Française Aeronautique (FFA) announced at the Paris
Airshow 2017 that they purchased 3 Alpha electro which will fly with
first Permit to Fly and than later CS-VLA The French authorities will
handle the operations and Pipistrel do the certification with EASA.
In all cases also standard Rotax Alphas will be available to assure
that the new pilots also can fly with combustion engine aircraft.
The most exciting news about electric flight training came at the
Paris Airshow when the French Federation of Aeronautics announced
they will using Alpha Electro as a private pilot training
program. Now that’s serious stuff.
Another example for e-development getting practice news has
been the worlds first e-flight-show which accompanied the e-flightexpo
at the AERO exhibition.
The diversity and implementation of electric aviation is more
than eVTOL and flight training. The Swiss company H55, is
now working with the Solar Impulse project co-founder and pilot
André Borschberg, they used the Silence Aircraft Twister and
with Siemens they developed a single seat aerobatic airplane. At
the AERO 2017 another Siss company MSW presented the project
Evolaris an electric aerobatic plane with an empty weight of
500 KG and 221 Kw e engine power.
Finally at the moment the most impressive e-Plane
the Extra 330 LE, another high performance electric
aerobatic airplane jointly developed by Extra Aircraft and Siemens,
have successfully demonstrated the aerobatic performance as
well as the capacity of glider towing and has beaten several world
Nikhil Goel from UBER at “Elevate” conference
in Dallas April 2017 which gave a big
push to the VTOL scene.
11 e Flight Journal

e Training & more
eVolos 2X will start passenger transport test in Dubai in 2017.
records. At Paris Airshow the aircraft towed up an aerobatic glider
to 1000 Meter (with an average climb rate of 9.5 Meters per second)
than the glider performed aerobatics while the Extra landed
and then after the glider landed the Extra, without recharging, took
off again and for an impressive aerobatic show with 260 Kw on
the prop.
Even more serious is when a national government wants to explore
the possibility of using electric aircraft and wants to become
a leading country in this fiel, like the Norwegian Government has
announced in spring 2017. The country which achieved the highest
density of electric cars per inhabitant in the past 10 years over
a government program is evaluating the possibilities of electrifying
the network of state owned Airfields around the country. The
conditions are ideal. As Norway has money in the budget from the
oil, and a production of electric energy from water turbines which
exceeds its consumption. It also has a net of airfield from which a
lot of commuter flights with mostly under 300 KM distance are operated
as part of the state transport plan, because the road network is
very loose and ground transport out of the centers slow.
The brave new world of electric aviation is forming. We sincerely
hope that you are as excited as we are to read the intriguing new
electric aircraft designs in the following pages in nearly all categories
and the new VTOL - aviation section of WDLA, and to look forward
even just five years from today.
The Multicopter Whisper
from France flies with eight
Plettenberg motors.
e Flight Journal
12

Expo
Market Watch
25 th ANNIVERSARY
„
A Celebration of
Electric Aviation
For the celebration of the 25th AERO in Friedrichshafen/Germany, there was
not only an in-house celebration but also a series of world premieres which
included the largest scale e-flight-expo to date as well as the world’s first e-
flight-show with e-Aerobatic and the first electric formation flight.
In 25 years AERO has developed into the largest
general aviation trade show in Europe,
as well as the leading fair for innovative aviation
technologies in the world. The best showcase
of AERO’s innovative nature is e-flight-expo
which AERO founded together with Flying
Pages GmbH in 2009. In its 9th year, the e-
flight-expo was bigger than ever. It has grown
so much that it no longer fits into its original location
in the Forum West, but instead now occupies
the entire hall A7 spanning 6200 square
meters. A7 hall is conveniently located directly
at the East entrance and thus is also at Forum
East, where the e-flight-expo lectures occur.
The move to the hall A7 was also necessary
The pilots of the worlds first e-flight-show with its organization
team Willi Tacke (left) and Roland Bosch (3rd from left).
13 e Flight Journal

e Flight expo
& E Flight show
Market Watch
because the hall has large hangar doors and access to the
airfield. This is important because the e-flight-expo also had
wings in 2017 and launched for the world’s first time the e-
flight-show celebrating the premiere of AERO!
In addition to the NASA-awarding hybrid touring motor glider
E-Genius, three aircraft powered by Siemens electric motors
took off at e-flight-show: an E-Extra 330LE and two e-
Fusions showed the world’s first e-formation flight. The Extra
completed an aerobatics sequence, along with the aerobatic
performance of Hangar 55 Hamilton aEro, an E-robatic
aircraft from Switzerland. The Antares of Lange Aviation,
the most sold and so far the only series produced e-plane,
also participated in the e-flight-show. The pure electric flying
show took place twice during AERO, on Tuesday, for the
press day for media representatives and invited guests and
on Saturday to celebrate the 25th anniversary of AERO, a
mixed flight show with electric and conventionally driven
engines.
Day one of the AERO experience was a review of the electric
aircraft innovations. This is a rapidly changing technology
with both motors and applications showing up all over
the place. The main concentration of electric systems is in
Hall A7, where everyone from small startups with small motor
solutions all the way up to the heavyweight in the industry,
Siemens, are all in this location. Just as the show has
many prototype aircraft, which may have never flown before,
Hall A7 has prototype motors that may have never been installed
on a production aircraft.
e Flight Journal
14

Expo
Of course it takes a while for prototype motors to make their
way onto production aircraft. So a walk around the halls
quickly reveals that the motors from another German company,
Geiger Engineering, are becoming popular. Geiger is
currently producing five motors ranging from 12 KW to 50
KW (16 hp - 68 hp) making them popular for a variety of airframes.
Even more appealing is that Geiger is one of the
companies offering complete systems from battery packs
designed for aviation all the way through propellers.
Many of the motors are for very light applications such as
light weight shift control trikes or gliders. But motors are becoming
more powerful with the increase in power; new technical
problems need to become overcome. For example, the
larger the power capability of the motor, the more cooling is
required for the motor. Smaller motors are mostly air-cooled,
but some of the medium and larger motors require liquid
cooling. This doesn’t mean that the motors have radiators,
but liquid is built into the motor to help keep heat away from
hot spots that are created when electricity is converted to
mechanical power. This seems to parallel thermal engines,
where small engines are air cooled, but larger engines need
more complex cooling systems. There are three components
to electrical power systems. You have the motor itself,
the batteries, and the controller. The controller makes sure
that the proper amount of electricity is delivered to the motor.
Most of the electric motor developers are also developing
controllers for their motors since the two work with each other
so closely. Some companies, such as the German company
Geiger, are offering complete systems from batteries to
motor, and sometimes even propellers.
Furthermore, in Hall A7 the improved Volocopter, the world’s
most advanced electric gyrocopter and the world’s most advanced
hybrid amphibian can be seen. A detailed list can be
found on the following pages. The lecture and forum program
is also bigger and more meaningful than ever.
The e-flight lecture program took place again in the Forum
East. After Tom Gunnarson’s first talks about “Electric
Propulsion Standard Development”, Tom Gunnarson
opened the round at Wednesday, 1.45 pm, with a high-profile
panel discussion on “From Today’s Electric Aircraft - to
Electric On Demand Mobility.” In addition to leading managers
of aircraft and engine manufacturers, EASA and the
well-known American transport-on-demand company UBER
were also present. Ever since UBER released the Elevate
program whitepaper last October, on-demand electric vertical
takeoff and landing (eVTOL) became a phenomenal concept
in the mass media. For your information, Daimler is also
involved in the company. At the e-flight-forum Mark Moore
of UBER gave an extensive presentation of the Elevate program.
Mark Moore is a NASA veteran who was the head of
the NASA Electric Xplane program before joining UBER. On
the final day of e-flight-forum, the prestigious e-flight-award
was announced and presented to AlpinAirPlanes, an electric
airplane training program in Swiss using Pipiestral’s Alpha
Electric.
One company is not only developing a motor and controller,
Qinetix, a German company, is placing the controller in
the case along with the engine. It means that aircraft builders
only have to mount the motor and run power leads to it. The
QPD-40 is an integrated system that is actually designed to
be an electric replacement for the old Rotax 503 2-stroke engine.
The designer explained that he had a trike with that
engine and wanted the replacement for himself. He figured
others would want it, too. The motor is still being tested and
should be available later this year. Expected specs are: 40
KW (53 hp) power and 12 Kg (26 lbs) weight.
15 e Flight Journal

Expo
h
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE e-FLIGHT-EXPO IN 2017 ARE:
Siemens: the leading e-aviation technology developer
Votec221: new electric aerobatic airplane from Swiss.
The engine almost matches Siemens’ power/weight ratio.
Ground tested, not flown yet. Unusual paint scheme done
by an artist.
aEro: electric aerobatic airplane jointly developed by
Silence, Siemens, Hamilton and Hanger 55. Test flown last
year. Serial production down the road.
Eurosport Crossover: new hybrid power system this year
with new combustion engine as generator.
Equator P2 Xcursion: hybrid amphibian new design from Norway,
full electric version and another hybrid/electric four-seat cruiser airplane
in vision.
Pipistrel: the leading
company in electric aviation
is going to begin several
e-flight training programs
in Switzerland, US
and France.
Autogyro eCavalon: the first electric gyroplane jointly developed
with Bosch.
Nirvana driving motor: an innovative electric driving front
wheel design for existing gyroplane models. Already certified
for road drive in Czech Republic. Retrofit available now
for various gyroplane models. Turn your gyroplane into a flying
car simply and easily.
Senkel flying bicycle: an innovative electric flying bicycle
design. Combining the light weight of both a bicycle and
a powered parachute, it is an easy and simply conversion
from an electric-assisted incumbent bicycle to an electric
powered parachute. The designer also proposed an open
source program for electric motor design.
e-genius: the winner of multiple e-aviation competition and
the holder of several e-aviation world record. It presents a
new hybrid power system. University of Stuttgart / Germany,
where this e-airplane is born, also presented.
Comos Ikarus e-C42: an
electric version of the popular
C-42 using Geiger
motor.
Engiro motor: new hybrid
power system. 30kw generator
model in production,
60kw down the road
e Flight Journal
16

Uber UBER Elevate
UBER Elevate chief engineer Mark Moor (ex NASA X-plane developer) with VTOL designers from all over the world.
From e-flight to „on-demand mobility“
Is the UBER-plane
Coming Next?
In recent years, hardly has an event has inspired the imagination of
aircraft developers, pilots and investors like the announcement of
the online co-driver company UBER with its program ELEVATE to
create a worldwide platform for a passenger service with a vertical
air taxi.
If designers are fantasizing about fantastic
new aircraft ideas, then usually only a few insiders
move. Even for serious world conglomerates
such as Airbus or Siemens and others from electric aviation,
“that is still years away” but UBER may have a different
mindset. After all, Uber has managed to catapult its stock
market value to more than $60 billion US in less than 5 years.
What is significant in terms of business model is that Uber
is still in a deficit today, but it thrives solely due to the vision
that makes the almost impossible possible. This mindset is
certainly necessary for the Elevate program, because Uber
not only needs to overcome the technical obstacles of the
low battery density, but also needs to find a way to convince
the certification regulators and traffic control authorities.
At the end of April at the UBER Elevate meeting in Dallas, not
only companies that wanted to share the vision and make
technology possible were there, but also the air traffic authorities.
The FAA has teamed with a whole team, which together
with the GAMA (the General Aviation Manufacturers
Association), to hold a full day seminar on how to integrate
the new electric aircraft with a vertical takeoff option
into the new Part 23 registration requirements that the FAA
are currently working on. Especially, when looking into the
17 e Flight Journal

Uber UBER elevate Elevate
Ivo Boscarol, CEO of Pipistrel and one of the UBER partners, explains his Vision of WTOL: flying from window at home to the
window at work.
future, these eVTOL aircraft can also be used as computer-controlled
“on demand” air taxis. All possible options
were considered, from the construction of the power supply
for the inner city landing places for these machines
to the noise problem. And why - at least in the opinion of
the UBER-Elevate chief technician, multi-rotor concepts
are preferable in any case to conventional helicopters.
Illustrate list of partners
The list of participating company representatives is somewhat
like the “Who’s Who” of modern technology: car and
motorcycle manufacturers such as Toyota, Yamaha, And
Kawasaki, Boeing Embrair and Airbus, tech companies like
Siemens and GE - it was all represented for what the future
wants to design. Larry Page has already put more than 100
million dollars in the companies Zee AERO and Kitty Hawk.
Amazon has long established its department of drones and
next to Intel is now also Microsoft due to its purchase of
Skype, which has the European VTOL company Lilium.
At the same time, the requirements of UBER are very specific
when one looks at the capabilities that the machines
should have. Besides vertical takeoff capability the aircraft
should fly only with battery, can carry four people,
and can cover a distance of up to 80 miles with up to 160
mph. “In my opinion, just because of the range, pure multicopter
sets are excluded,” explains Mark Moore, the UBER
Elevate chief who has served a long career at NASA where
he studied distributed propulsion systems, which produced
an effective interplay between propellers and fixed
wings to make an optimization aerodynamic solution.
It was noted that Volocopter was not invited to the presentation,
but Daniel Wiegand head of Lilium was.
Just three days before the conference, Lilium’s unmanned
prototype had its first flight. Interestingly, although
the requirements are very specific, the concepts
are very different. Also interesting is the selection
of the partners that UBER presented at the conference.
There was the American helicopter manufacturer Bell
Helicopter along with the general aviation manufacturer
Mooney. Another partner was Gyrocopter pioneer Jay Carter
that has a gyrocopter concept, which starts and lands by
means of the electric drive of the main rotor and the thrust propeller.
Uber’s third partner is AURORA, an American technology
developer and defense contractor who has recently been
developing a huge unmanned electrically driven transporter.
The concept, which AURORA presented at the UBER conference
in Dallas, is a multicopter with eight rotors and
wings. “The wings are necessary, because they consume
much less energy than the multicopter to generate
the boost during the cruise flight or helicopter.”
The fourth manufacturer at the presentation was the
Brazilian airline and military aircraft manufacturer Embraer.
e Flight Journal
18

UBER Elevate
After the
successful
first flight,
Daniel
Wiegand
from Lilium
explaines the
concept of
the Lilium
Jet, which is
a VTOL with
300 km/h
top speed.
Greg Bowls from GAMA explains how the manufacturers
association is already working with the FAA and others on
certification guidelines.
Pipistrel is on board
The actual surprise for most of those present was the fifth
of Uber’s chosen partners. It is the company Pipistrel from
Slovenia! They are mostly previously known for ultra-light
aircraft with high performance and good processing, as
for the electrification. Pipistrel chief engineer Tine Tomaciz
gave the technical presentation of the company. He was,
as usual brilliant, but in the end he gave no answer to the
question as to what Pipistrel’s VTOL project would look
like.
Jay Carter of Carter Copter works - together with Mooney -
on a electrical operated gyro with vertical takeoff capabilities
and fixedwings.
From VTOL to WTOL
On the other hand, Ivo Boscaroll, who also gave a presentation
on the best plan of a transport system with taxis. One
more thing: At the end of his presentation, he said: “We do
not need VTOL but WTOL.” The “W” stands for Windows
and means that the flight taxis will in the future pick up
their passengers directly at the window of their apartment
on the floor of a high-rise building and then fly directly to
the window of their office. He ended his entertaining PPT
by saying that although a large investment from China had
been received last year, it was certainly necessary for the
The AirspaceX MOBi from Airspace Experience Technologies
in Birmingham, Michigan, USA.
Olaf Otto
from
Siemens
explains in a
discussion,
how e-flight
will be able
to reduce
noise in
flying.
Pipistrels Ivo Boscarol together with Yuneec boss Tian Yu
(right), who also presented VTOL concepts in Dallas which
he is evaluating for manned and unmanned purpose.
19 e Flight Journal

UBER Elevate
development of WTOL and that this was a good investment.
Investors, this was an interesting point at the Dallas conference!
On the evening of the first day, there was a panel
discussion of five bosses from major investment firms
who expressed their willingness to provide good technical
developments in this area with capital, and one investment
project was also immediately announced: an e-flight
VTOL-UBER-fund.
From Siemens to Yuneec
It was also interesting to see who else was among the
speakers. Siemens, for example, showed the latest development
of the Extra 300 LE. Though the electric version
might look otherwise identical to the combustion version,
the electrical variant is not only significantly quieter, but also
even the noise also felt more pleasant.
Conclusion
The development at UBER is certainly to be observed closely
for various reasons. Due to the fact that many top companies
from different areas with money and developments,
UBER Elevate will in any case promote the development
of e-mobility and assist the autonomous flying. One aspect
that needs to be considered is that it has a potentially
negative note alongside all the positive ones in the context
of environmental protection. If, indeed, some taxis and delivery
trucks are going to fly through the cities and cities,
will there still be room for human pilots who simply want to
fly? Probably not possible, because human-controlled airplanes
are just as disruptive as pedestrians and cyclists to
a self-driving car on the open road. For the complete presentation
and panel discussion, you can watch the videos
of the UBER event at www.e-flight-expo.com.
Aurora - a
UBER partner
- has
experience
in VTOL
design and
is working
on its eVTOL
(left photo).
Investor
panel: five
venture
capital investors
showed
that they
are willing
to invest in
a “Demand
Air Vehicle”
(right
photo).
Large presence
from
the media:
Mark Moore
from UBER
explains to a
TV journalist
the UBER
approach.
German Arne Stoschek from Silicon Valley Airbus subsidiary
A³, explains how Vahana will revolutionize passenger
transportation.
The first test
scenarios
are already
planned
for 2020 in
Dallas and
Dubai.
e Flight Journal
20

e Training
Fight Training
in Whisper Mode
Around the World
The training of pilots and the resulting high number of takeoff’s and
landings are increasingly perceived as very disturbing by the neighbors
of the airport. Several initiatives around the world try to solve
the issue by using electric airplanes.
AlpinAirPlanes GmbH in Switzerland:
Jean-Luc Charron
(middle),
Christian Stuck
(right) and
Ivo Boscarol
(left) at Paris
Airshow 2017.
A new approach from Switzerland now wants to take the
wind out of the sails. The company AlpinAirPlanes GmbH is
based on the fully electric Alpha Electro airplane of Pipistrel,
an advancement of the Pipistrel Alpha trainer. With a secured
flight time of 45 minutes Alpha Electro is very suitable
for the training flight. Now the photovoltaic specialist
SolSystems GmbH became the focus of AlpinAirPlanes
and the project. The idea of a whole network of e-airfields in
Switzerland was born.
21 e Flight Journal

e Training
SOLAR EQUIPMENT FOR E-Airfields
Specifically, this project will look like this: First of all, a fleet
of Alpha Electro airplanes will be distributed across this alpine
republic among 10 flying schools under the leadership
of «Ecoflight» in Mollis. In addition, each of these e-flight bases
will receive a charging station with a solar system for the
ecological generation of electricity. This would allow the stations
to recharge the e-airplanes at the airfields.
All FOCO-registered flight schools in Switzerland are invited
to participate in this project. The corresponding applications
have to be submitted by the end of April. The cost for the aircraft,
charging stations and solar power add up to around
200,000 Swiss francs, but a leasing model is also possible
on a per hour basis, in particular for the solar system. In principle,
flight school partners should operate their e-airplane
for at least 300 hours per year. The corresponding monthly
reports will be collected and evaluated by the project initiator
AlpinAirPlanes GmbH, since the project also aims to improve
and further develop the technology.
Beginning in Summer 2017
The project will start in summer 2017 and will run until
September 30, 2018. The delivery of the e-aircraft will be with
a frequency of one airplane per month. Therefore, the last
flight school partner will not receive their aircraft until spring
2018. They are, of course, not obligated until September
2018 to reach the planned 300 hours of use. Rather, the project
tends to bring all ten aircraft together to 2500 flight hours.
The maintenance and upgrades of the fleet are organized
and implemented by AlpinAirPlanes in collaboration with
local certified CAMOs. In this first phase, AlpinAirPlanes will
incur the maintenance costs. A replacement aircraft, which
is based at the base of AlpinAirPlanes, will ensure the permanent
availability of ten aircraft from spring 2018 onwards.
The AlpinAirPlanes will also draw up a curriculum for the
flight schools. The necessary permits in Switzerland have
already been obtained.
Fresno, California
Subsidized by local funds from Fresno County, a fleet of four
Pipistrel Alpha Electro trainers will be made available for primary
training in California’s Central Valley late this year, program
organizers hope. Fresno County will be installing chargers
for the aircraft at four local airports: Mendota, Reedley,
Fresno Chandler and a fourth airport is to be determined.
The Alpha Electro has an 85-knot cruising speed making
round-trip, cross-country flights a stretch. Joseph Oldham,
Sustainability Manager for the City of Fresno, said that the
fourth airport will ideally be just over 50 NM, permitting the
Alphas to make one-way flights meeting private pilot crosscountry
training requirements, recharge in about 45 minutes
and return home. The fallback plan is for students to
do cross-country training in the piston-powered version of
the Alpha.
Fresno county hopes to have the new aircraft on hand and
high-voltage chargers installed at the four chosen airports
by the fall of this year. The FAA has not yet released a paradigm
for approving electric propulsion airplanes, either in
certified aircraft or in light sports, as Pipistrel plans for the
Alpha Electro. Oldham is working with the FAA about approval
of electric LSAs, the last major hurdle in Fresno’s
Pipistrel Alpha‘s
electric
identity is
distinctive,
indicating the
company‘s
faith in the
technology.
All four of the
current training
programs
chose Alpha
as the trainer.
e Flight Journal
22

e Training
race to get the Alpha Electros into service. The aircraft will
likely be available for rent by area pilots, but the priority users
of the aircraft will be veterans and low-income youth
seeking primary flight training.
SpaceX’s electric flight training program
SpaceX, the private space company founded by Elon Musk,
is seeking to provide flight training for its space tourism clients
with Pipiestral’s Electro Alpha. Due to an existing requirement
by NASA, all space travelers launched in the US
must be licensed pilot in the first place. Obviously NASA did
not envision the advent of private space tourism open to
general public back then when the requirement policy was
drafted. No less a disruptive technology innovator than its
peer companies Tesla and SolarCity, which are also founded
by Elon Musk, it is only natural for SpaceX to want its
flight training to be as innovative and environmentally friendly
as Tesla’s electric cars. It is reported that Pipietral is going
to delivery two Electro Alpha trainers to SpaceX’s designated
flight training partners at Oshkosh Airventure in July
2017. It remains to be quite interesting to be seen what the
participation of SpaceX in electric flight will do to the industry.
Do not forget that Elon Musk has explicitly mentioned in
at least a dozen occasions that he might want to design an
electric VTOL supersonic jet if no one else comes up with
such an airplane. Now that’s exciting!
Alpha Electro‘s specially designed propeller can recharge the battery
to extend the flight time. A very useful feature in flight training
when most flights are in takeoff and landing pattern.
France
During the Paris Air Show, a letter of intent was signed between
Mr. Jean-Luc Charron, representing the French
Federation of Aeronautics (FFA), Finesse Max S.a.r.l, represented
by Mr. Christian Stuck, and Ivo Boscarol, the General
Manager of Pipistrel, regarding great future of electric aircraft
in France: for the first time in European history it will
be possible to do the legal training for a private pilot license
– on an electric aircraft. More details about this project is in
the Paris Air Show article of this issue.
Pipistrel Alpha Electro is the first electric airplane in the world
whose flight time is longer than the battery charging time. The battery
compartment is easily accessible for quick change if needed.
23 e Flight Journal

e Personality
Ivo Boscarol – Mr. Electric
No company has had more innovative projects
in the past 10 years than the Slovenian
ultralight and LSA manufacturer Pipistrel.
Starting with the first serial 2 seater Motorglider
Taurus-e, then winning the Nasa Green
Flight Challenge with the Pipistrel G4, the four
Seater Panthera which is planned to have a
hybrid powertrain which Pipistrel is developing
with partners like Siemens, the Alpha
Elektro a 2 Seat electric trainer, up to the participation
in the Hy4 Program of the German
DLR and a firewall forward kit for electrification
of existing Light Sport and ultralight Aircraft.
The Mastermind behind all this is Ivo
Boscarol.
WWhen the now 62-year-old started his aviation business UL
flying was forbidden in Yugoslavia so he tested his flying
machines at dawn when it was nearly dark, that’s why the
neighbors called them Pipistrelle (meaning bat). The company
kept this name and is now one of the leading Ultralight
and LSA manufacturers of the world.
The Taurus G4 won the Nasa Green
Flight Challenge
In the end of the 2000’s Ivo started to take interest in electric
alternatives. First came the electrification of his two seater
Motorglider Taurus, which soon after was certified not
only in Slovenia but also in other countries like France as
an Ultralight.
Ivo Poscarol pulls the political strings - here with EU commissioner
Violetta Bulc from Slovenia and BW-Minister from
Germany Winfried Hermann at the AERO.
Ivo receives the first Chinese validated for the certification
of his Viruy directly from the Chinese Vice-transport
Minister Feng Zhenglin.
e Flight Journal
24

e Personality
Pipistrel also offers a firewall forward modification kit for existing
aircraft which has been sold to several manufacturers.
The Emrax motor in this kit comes from the Slovenian
company ENSTROJ d.o.o and has 40 or 60 kW. Pipistrel
produces the engine and battery controller as well as the
battery pack which are produced from cells which are combined
and controlled in the Pipistrel factory.
One of the secrets to so much innovation and many new
products is Ivo’s team of engineers like his Chief Developer
Tine Tomacic and the Hybrid Program Leader Igor Perkon
which are not only brilliant but also know how to sell their
ideas to others.
Fuel Cell - The Alternative
Fast and elegant: the Panthera is Pipistrels first 4-seat aircraft which will
be offered with combustion engine and as a Hybrid.
The ranking of the challenge was dependent on the fuel per
passenger, so he combined 2 Taurus fuselages with an electric
motor on a middle piece between the fuselages therefore
beating all other competitors which only carried 2 persons.
Also, the second placed E-Genius was based on
the Taurus Motorglider. In 2014 Ivo surprised the aviation
world again at the French Ultralight Tradeshow in Blois in
September when he released the Watts-Up (later called the
Alpha Electro.
Although the energy density has grown a lot over the last
decade the batteries are still the biggest problem in realizing
electric flight for everybody. Hybrid with a combustion
engine as a powersource is an option but the aircraft loses
its green footprint because fuel is burned.
Also, here Ivo Boscarol is active with the German National
Aromautic Research Institute when it started the Hy4
Project in October 2015. Partnered with the other companies
is again Pipistrel.
The DLR Aircraft is based on the NASA Green Flight
Challenge winner G4 which is basically two fuselages of
the Taurus Motorglider combined with 2 reinforced Taurus
wings with extended wingspan and a middle part which
Two fathers and a baby: Ivo Boscarol (right) and his
Chief developer Tine Tomazic with the Alpha Electro
When German president Joachim Gauk (left) visited, the Slovenian counterpart
Borut Pahor (right) brought him to Pipistrel.
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e Personality
carries the HY4’s electric motor and has an output of 80 kW
and allows for a maximum speed of approximately 200 kilometers
per hour and a cruising speed of 145 kilometers
per hour. Depending on velocity, altitude and load, a range
of between 750 and 1500 kilometers is possible. The most
striking feature of the HY4 is the two fuselages, which are
firmly connected to each other by the wing. This twin fuselage
design allows an optimal distribution of the drive components
and a higher total loading capacity. Each one can
seat two occupants. The maximum weight of the HY4 is
1500 kilograms. Maiden Flight took place in Autumn 2016,
in Stuttgart. Pipistrel is planning further so the next step after
the Panthera Hybrid is a planned version where a combustion
engine isn’t but rather a fuel cell is delivering the
energy. In the future, there is also a project for a 19-seater
electric Commuter aircraft where one version will have a fuel
cell that will deliver the energy.
Certifications and Political Connections.
As Pipistrel comes from the small Slovenia, with all its technology,
it is now a flagship company of the country. So, for
example when the German President Joachim Gauk visited
his Slovenian counterpart Borut Pahor he was taken to visit
Ivo’s factory in Ajdovscina not far from the Italian Border.
This factory is worth a visit itself. The high-tech bulking
with solar cells produces so much energy that it is not only
enough for the production buts also pays all the building
maintenance costs.
In the last year, they now opened a new RND center in
Slovenia and as Ivo is a true European a production plant
for the Panthera in Italy is under construction.
The EU Commissioner Viloetta Bulc, also from Slovenia,
has been at Pipistrel several times. Ivo also managed that
the Chinese Vice Transport Minister Feng Zhenglin, was
hosted by the Slovenian government and in the end visited
Pipistrel and signed a bilateral agreement for validation
of Ultralight type certifications between Slovenia and
China (in Europe only the Czech Republic has a similar
agreement).
Now who would wonder why the first aircraft validated were
three planes from Pipistrel, which surely will also help with
the certification of Pipistrel’s electro planes in China.
China Connection and UBER Partner
With all these innovations, it is not surprising that Chinese
investors partnered with Pipistrel. There was a deal made
for more than $350 Million Euros announced in which the
Sino GA Company around Danny Wu signed a contract
for a license production and partnership with Pipistrel. The
interesting point: the first aircraft that will be produced in
China will be the Alpha Electro followed by the Panthera
Hybrid Two electric aircraft and when UBER was looking
for partners for its Elevate Program there was not only giants
like Bell Helicopters and Embrair but as well as the little
Pipistrel from Slovenia was chosen. So overall in the future
we can expect many coups from Mr. Electric.
Chief developer Tine Tomazic explains the Panthera Hybrid
to Vice-Minister and the Chinese Pipistrel partner Danny Wu.
Taja Boscarol, Ivos daughter, is giving an overview
on Pipistrels Green Factory.
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e-personality
e Airshow
Le Bourget Airshow 2017
Paris in the Sign of Big
e
Ultralight aircraft made big news for
electric flight during this year’s Paris
Airshow and it was not the Ultralight
Association that made the announcement,
it was the French Aeroclub!
The Alpha Electro in front of the Ariane rocket in Paris.
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FFA President Jean Luc Charron signed a “Letter of Intent”
together with the Pipistrel Importer Christian Stuck and
Ivo Boscarol CEO of Pipistrel that FFA will purchase three
Pipistrel Alpha Electro aircraft to use for flight training in the
French Federation. The interesting thing is that the aircraft,
which the Aeroclub has chosen, is designed as an ultralight
but will now fly with “Permit to fly” and later as a LSA. Two
years ago the e-Fan was the big hype at the Le Bourget show.
Dr Mueller-Wiesner, Project Manager of the e-Fan Program,
stated in Le Bourget: “We already talked with DGAC and the
French Aeroclubs and we want to establish private pilot flight
training on an electric aircraft as soon as possible,” but then
the Airbus program stopped so the Aeroclub was left on its
e-plans without a plane.
Profit from Airbus work
The French Pipistrel importer Christian Stuck explains the electric
Flight Trainer to the pilots from tomorrow.
On the other hand is Pipistrel: they developed the Alpha
Electro and presented it as an e-Flight-trainer 2014 in Blois.
However, Pipistrel´s Alpha is an ultralight, although it is flying
in the US with 600 Kg as an LSA, in Europe it’s limited
to the 475.5 Kg MTOW as all ultralights are. Ivo Boscarol
and several other manufacturers tried to get the EU institutions
to raise the weight limit to 600 Kg but the rule change
is still pending. The European Council, European Parliament
and European Commission have differing opinions on this
so they are still negotiating. So for Pipistrel, which has the
Alpha Electro ready for production and even sold a production
license to China, the aircraft could not be sold in Europe.
Airbus announced that - after the end of the EFAB 1 and 2 - they are working
on the e-Fanx (passenger plan) and showed the city airbus as model.
eViation showed a scaled model of its all-electric airplane.
It’s designed to fly 600 nautical miles at a price similar to
travel by airliner over the same distance.
Next year the Israeli startup plans to build a prototype of
the three-engine distributed-propulsion aircraft that would
feature one electric motor at the tail and one on each
wingtip for more aerodynamic efficiency. The motors on the
wingtips are designed to enable significant drag reduction
and the motors can also be used for controlling the aircraft
(this engine control will be managed by a computer).
The company wants to show the first full size prototype
at AERO next year and the production model is planned to
arrive in 2020.
The goal is six to nine passengers maximum. The engines
will mostly likely come from the German Siemens e-aircraft.
The aircraft shall fly fully electric and shall carry 6,000
pounds of batteries. The planned MTOW is about 12,000
pounds, (cruise speed 240 ktas).
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e-Airshow
Franchois Chopard was with his investment company
Starbust Accelerator, which was one of the organizers of
the Paris Airlab; several innovative companies like XTI from
USA presented their projects under the wing of an old
Concord.
The initiative of Pipistrel’s Importer for France Christian
Stuck was in the interest of several players so they all
agreed to work out a test program.
Pipistrel will deliver three aircraft: the first will start to fly under
an LSA “Permit to Fly” from EASA. Meantime Pipistrel
starts the EASA CSA certification with the Alpha the next aircraft
can fly under CS-LSA later. That means, at the same
time the DGAC will coordinate the operations of the aircraft,
EASA will do the certification and the French Aeroclub will
operate the aircraft in several different clubs so that several
flight instructors can gather experience.
Like in other e-Programs, for example in Switzerland, there
will also be Alpha’s with conventional Rotax motors available
so that the students in the end will receive a fully compatible
private pilots license.
Siemens demonstrated
the Extra in glider
towing action in Paris
in public for the first
time. The 260 kW
strong motor did pull
the French aerobatics
champion up to
1000 meters and then
both aircraft performed one after the other an aerobatics
show.
Comment
The Alpha Electro is an ultralight but because several associations
(for example the French UL Association FFPLUM)
are fighting against a weight increase for ultralights in
Europe, due to the higher weight electric aircraft cannot be
operated in the UL-class and the technology and development
will move to GA and LSA.
With all its advantages like low noise, general public and
politicians acceptance the French UL Association hinders
electric ultralights coming to use in all Europe by blocking
the weight increase.
The UK drone company presented next to new
drone technology their ideas for a manned
“Motorbike-drone” the Airquadone.
The Slovakian Flying Car AEROmobil is on the ground
driven by electric motors in the wheels; a later model could
be hybrid electric.
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e-personality
Seen . in public for the first time was the Surefly Workhorse
in Le Bourget. The manufacturer of electric vehicles for delivery
services from the US has developed a delivery drone
for Amazon. On this basis they presented the prototype of
this double-seat multicopter, which has been publicly presented.
The two-seater is powered by eight Emrax e-motors
from Slovenia. In their workhorse the Americans aren’t
fully set on a hybrid as there are some lithium ion batteries
in the four foldable rotor arms, but these are only for
short flights. The main energy source is a two-cylinder fourstroke
engine in the back of the machine and with almost
200 hp it powers a generator. The first flight is planned for
the end of 2017.
The Event to bring your products and ideas to China
&
Electrify China’s sky and your business
The first forum on
electric aviation
in China:
VTOL-, LSA-, Hybrid,
Engine-,
Battery-
Manufacturers,
Regulators,
Investors
from
around the World
Where: Beijing downtown
When:Early November 2017
Who: The who is who
in electric flight
www.e-ight-forum.com
America & Europe: Willi@e-flight-forum.com
China & Asia: Xin@e-flight-forum.com
e Flight Journal
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e Organizations
The Early Days of a Revolution:
Increased Electrification & Automation
tTraditionally, technology flows into aviation once it has matured
in other sectors because the level of safety we all expect
and the time and resource investments to bring aviation
innovation has required a methodical approach to development.
Over the last decade, developments in micro-electronics,
software and battery capacities have resulted in significant
societal changes which are beginning to take shape
within the aviation domain. Two general technology vectors
seem to be oriented in a manner that will have a profound
impact on aviation as we know it: increased automation & increased
electrification. These technological advancements
along with new efficiencies gained as EASA implements
the new CS-23 are resulting in beneficial alignment like we
haven’t seen since the early days of aviation.
Increased Automation
Increased levels of automation which are becoming common
in everyday life (smart home technology, simplified
weather information, navigation with traffic information,
smart cruise control, drone stability control, etc.) are beginning
to find their way into integrated aviation applications. A
major shift in society is expected as all the major car manufacturers
have indicated plans to include significant levels of
automation in the next 2-3 years.
As any certified flight engineer could tell you, aviation has pioneered
automation since the early days. The levels of information
and technology in light general aviation and business
jets has grown tremendously in the last several decades but
for the most part, these systems are always supplementary
and backed up by the pilot or flight crew. In most of
these modern aircraft, the takeoff and landing are nearly always
flown manually while the climb, cruise and approach
are typically flown by automation based on pilot or crew
Pete Bunce, President and CEO
of GAMA, with a business delegation
from Shenyang / China.
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management. Current automation relies on cross checking
and validation which defaults to a manual mode in the event
of anything out of the ordinary.
There is growing interest in more robust levels of automation
which continue to operate across more portions of the
flight envelope (including takeoff and landing) and automation
systems that will continue to operate even during certain
failure or out of the ordinary conditions. At the farther end of
increased automation, there is a significant level of interest
among a number of manufacturers in the “on-demand mobility”
space. Conceptually, aircraft (both conventional takeoff
and landing and vertical takeoff and landing) can become
more integrated into day to day life as the reliability and simplified
operation of increased automation takes hold. While
technologically, these are steps forward, beginning to take
operational credit for these technologies (less training burden
on pilots and flight crews, simplified ratings and licensing,
etc.) will require a bit of a leap.
In the coming year, the GAMA Electric Propulsion Innovation
Committee (EPIC) will take on the task of identifying and addressing
areas where increased automation will likely contribute
to the safety and utility of aviation to assure pilots and
flight crew training and licensing can be appropriately adjusted
and simplified.
Increased Electrification
In the larger segments of aviation (commercial airlines and
business jets) the strong desire for longer distances and
more efficient operations has pushed many of the traditionally
mechanical or pneumatic systems to become electrified
(electric environmental systems, electric anti-ice, electric actuation,
etc.). As experience is gained with these systems
and as battery energy densities continue to grow, this trend
for increased electrification is speeding up. In most aviation
design circles, concepts for hybrid and electric propulsion
are the next obvious step forward and there is much activity
in this space. In the lighter segments of general aviation,
there are already all electric aircraft flying with second generation
designs following immediately after.
The pressures moving the industry towards increased electrification
(range, efficiency, reliability, etc.) are certain to increase
and the benefits of this direction will continue to grow.
Reliable data indicates that Lithium Ion battery energy density
has increased by 3% for each of the last 10-years and
this trend is expected to accelerate or continue into the foreseeable
future. While approaching the energy density of liquid
fuel is still many decades out, the efficiencies and design
characteristics of electric propulsion already make sense for
lighter aircraft today.
These are truly the exciting early days of hybrid and electric
propulsion and increased automation in aviation. The new
degrees of freedom enabled by these technologies and the
more nimble and responsive design certification environment
have invigorated what was once a sleepy aviation community
into an exciting incubator for growing the not too distant
future of aviation.
Greg Bowles
GAMA’s Vice President for Global Innovation & Policy,
Manager of GAMA Electric Propulsion and Innovation
Committee (EPIC)
For more information on
GAMA and EPIC, contact
Greg Bowles at gbowles@gama.aero
or +32 (2)0 550 39 00
Greg Bowles, Vice President GAMA and
Manager of EPIC presenting at the Dallas
UBER Elevate conference in April 2017.
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e Visions
Zunum Aero - Think BIG
Siemens and Airbus are convinced that the next generation of mid
range passenger airliners will be hybrid electric. They announced
their partnership with UBER so everybody was asking where is Boeing
in this technology field …the answer is Zunum. The company announced
in early April 2017 that with funding from Boeing HorizonX
and JetBlue Technology Ventures they would develop a regional hybrid
electric airliner, which will fly in early 2020.
ZZunum Aero was founded in 2013 by Ashish Kumar (former
Microsoft and Google manager). Their dream is to create a
“regional electric air network,” offering travellers other options
besides highways and high-speed rails. So it’s not only
making small airliners electric but as well revitalizing aviation
for short and middle transport distances.
The electric planes would fly up to 700 miles when it launches
and could go more than 1,000 miles by 2030. The aircraft
would have 10 to 50 seats and will make electric air travel
“fast and affordable,” Zunum Aero said.
The company, which is based in Kirkland, Washington, plans
to utilize more than 5,000 underused U.S. airports.
“The shift in the industry to large aircraft and long ranges
driven by gas turbines has concentrated almost all air traffic
to just two percent of our airports, creating a massive transport
gap over regional distances where there is no highspeed
alternative,” says CEO of Zunum Aero Ashish Kumar,
“As a result, door-to-door times for most journeys are no better
than they were 50 years ago. Hybrid propulsion is an industry-changing
solution, enabling mid-sized aircraft on regional
routes to have better cost efficiencies than airliners.”
He gives the example that travellers would be able to fly from
regional airports in Boston to Washington D.C. for half the
fare and in half the time it currently takes door-to-door by using
closer by regional airports.
The hybrid electric aircraft would lower emissions by 80
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percent and could drop to zero when battery densities improve
and renewable energy is used. Short distance flights
could be done fully electric sooner and reducing the noise
and emissions in metropolitan areas dramatically.
Technically the aircraft would be driven by two ducted fans,
which will be driven by electric motors. As an energy source
there will be batteries (mainly for takeoff) and a gas turbine
that sits in the middle of the V-tail.
For the question of why they use ducted fans, as there is
no successful aircraft in history with this concept and Airbus
just stopped it’s e-Fan project, Mike Friend a retired former
Technical Director of Boeing and now Zunum consultant explains
the reason, “ Zunum believes that ducted fans are the
right answer for several reasons. The first is noise, as use
of small airports close in to cities will require an airplane quiet
enough not to raise objections from those living close to
those airports. The second is the robust low speed static
thrust generated by a ducted fan that will help the Zunum airplanes
use short runways of 2,500 to 3,500 ft. Several years
ago, a study was made with potential passengers with images
of the same aircraft one time with ducted fans one time
with open propellers and asked the question, which aircraft
you find more safe and in which aircraft you would like
to board.? The answer was very clear the large majority preferred
the Fan Type.”
Attractive Operating Costs
The operating costs with Zunum Aero would be at 40 percent
to 80 percent lower than current airplanes operated by
small regional airlines, the company says.
Together with other electric Aviation companies Zunum has
worked with the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
since 2014 to create the certification standards for electric
aircraft (now based in the ASTM). The company said it expects
a complete set of standards for electric aircraft by next
year, with the first electrics likely to be certified in 2020 when
Zunum planes go on the market.
Ambitious Plans
Zunum plans to start that process with smaller, 10-passenger
aircraft and then scale up the airframes as technology
improves.
It’ll still be a while until consumers can buy those $100 fares
though. As a venture-backed startup, Zunum undoubtedly
has years of prototyping and developing to endure as well as
lengthy inspection and oversight by the FAA.
There is a good chance that Zunum become Boeing’s horse
in the international race with Airbus Embraer and Co in the
for the world first electric airliner
The time schedule of Zunum is ambitious “The first flight of
the proof of concept for a 10 passenger e-Jet should be done
in only 2 years” says Mike Friend a retired former Director of
new Technologies at Boeing and now Zunum consultant.
Despite the challenges that lie ahead, Zunum seems to have
attracted a solid series of investors and is entering the market
at a point when electric vehicles are really gaining traction
and electric aviation gets more new players every day.
One day Zunum may become “The Tesla of Aircraft” like
Forbes magazine said and like Tesla’s stock exchange value
in 2017 exceeded Ford’s; Zunum may some day overtake
Boeing.
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e Visions
eVTOL to be in trial use in Dubai
Volocopter and Dubai’s Road and Transport Authority (RTA) announced
that they signed a deal to begin testing Volocopter’s 18-rotor VC200
multicopters as a flying taxi service later this year. The news cements
the city’s reputation as a testing ground for some of the transportation
world’s more futuristic and outlandish ideas.
AAccording to the plan, Volocopter’s Dubai experiment will
start in the fourth quarter of 2017, and is scheduled to last
five years under the agreement with the RTA, said Alexander
Zosel, co-founder of Volocopter, in a statement. “We are very
grateful and proud that the RTA has selected us as their partner
after rigorous testing,” he added, citing his company’s
“stringent safety standards” as among the reasons his company
was selected.
RTA expects the trial run to continue and follow up the issuance
of the legislation required for operating such kind
of vehicles for about five years during which all operational
aspects would be assessed and security & safety issues
verified. The official operation hinges on the readiness of
companies and the availability of legislation governing this
type of autonomous aerial vehicles. As air traffic control of
autonomous aircraft either manned or unmanned and the
certification of eVTOL aircraft are new and are imminent issues
for regulators around the world. Dubai’s trial program
may well pave the ground for eVTOL’s certification framework
in the world.
Volocopter’s prototype VC200 took its first crewed flight last
year and at the AERO trade show in April, the company revealed
its first production model, the 2X. It has a maximum
range of 17 miles when flying at a speed of 43 mph. Its maximum
flight time is 27 minutes at an optimal cruise speed of
31 mph. The maximum speed is 62 mph.
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1
2
In May 2016 Volocopter VC200 two-seat multicopter made the successful
maiden manned flight in Germany (top and bottom photo)
3
1. Volocopter uses 18 motors to provide redundant lifting power.
2. The propeller of Volocopter’s each motor is fixed pitch for simplicity.
3. Soon this scene may become a normal reality in Dubai, an eVTOL ondemand
aerial mobility vehicle.
Actually Volocopter VC200 is not the first eVTOL signing a
deal with Dubai RTA. The Chinese consumer drone company
Ehang signed a deal with RTA last year to test its singleperson
Ehang 184 in Dubai. However, Ehang 184 has not
yet demonstrated a practical flight performance. In addition,
the Chinese media reported that Ehang has been in financial
trouble so it is hard to tell how far Ehang 184 or even the
company can go in the near future.
Though Volocopter is not a partner (yet) with UBER’s Elevate
program, UBER has already been in talks with Dubai to publicly
demonstrate its own flying taxi service planned in 2020.
If Volocopter’s demo program could go well as planned, it
will be big propulsion for UBER’s efforts as well.
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e Visions
Aurora’s eVTOL approach
Photos: Aurora Flight Sciences
Aurora Flight Sciences is an American aviation, aeronautics research
company which primarily specializes in the design and construction
of special-purpose Unmanned aerial vehicles. Founded in 1989 Aurora
has a heritage of highly efficient aerodynamic designs and innovative
projects including human-powered airplane and solar airplanes.
NNot a newcomer to the VTOL arena, Aurora has developed
its own line of small vertical takeoff UAVs known as
GoldenEye, but XV-24A lightning is really what catches people’s
eyes. XV-24A is created by Aurora along with partners
Rolls-Royce and Honeywell. It is funded by the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and is developed
for the Vertical Take-Off and Landing Experimental
Aircraft (VTOL X-Plane) program. LightningStrike is the first
aircraft designed to demonstrate the distributed hybrid-electric
propulsion ducted fans, innovative synchronous electricdrive
system, both tilt wing and canard for vertical takeoff
and landing and high efficiency in both hover and highspeed
forward flight.
Aurora is not only experienced in VTOL designs, but also is
a leading company in autonomous flight control. As early as
in 2012, Aurora has successfully demonstrated fully autonomous
takeoff and landing capability in a converted Diamond
DA42 optional piloted aircraft (OPA). In May 2017, Aurora
trumpeted the fact that one of its robots has successfully
landed a simulated Boeing 737. What Aurora has built in the
form of the robot rig uses “in-cockpit machine vision, robotic
components to actuate the flight controls, an advanced tablet-based
user interface, speech recognition and synthesis”
to do the job. This accomplishment makes readers wonder
if an auto robot arm could land a passenger jet, how easily
would it be to land a small aircraft?
Aurora’s advantages are obvious: they have experiences in
airframe design, autonomous flight control and VTOL. These
three elements are really a perfect combo when designing
an autonomous eVTOL. This is perhaps the reason why
UBER partnered with Aurora at the UBER Elevate conference
in April of this year.
Aurora’s design principles of their eVTOL are: keep it simple,
design for efficient cruise, and base design on existing technology.
If these requirement may sound too conservative,
perhaps it also indicates Aurora’s intention to get the eVTOL
prototype airborne as soon as possible. After all, according
to UBER’s plan, the first test bed flights are scheduled to begin
in 2020, only three years from now. To achieve the goal,
Aurora’s initial prototypes may only have 25 miles range at
the beginning, and the commercial available models may
37 e Flight Journal

e Visions
have up to 40 miles range, which is sufficient
in inter-urban environment. Aurora plans to
have the eVTOL fly fully autonomously, even
beginning from taxiing, but it will accommodate
a safety human pilot at the beginning.
A technology-oriented company with solid
project development record, a simple design
approach, a highly capable and motivated
business partner. Aurora’s eVTOL
prototype deserves to be watched closely.
Now the only thing remains uncertain is
what actual name Aurora will give to the eV-
TOL project.
Infrastructure
• Aurora’s eVTOL aircraft will provide on-demand transportation
to minimize long commutes due to heavy traffic and
urbanization in populated areas.
• The infrastructure plan includes urban “vertiports” for passenger
boarding and vehicle servicing.
• eVTOL aircraft will operate a “hub-to-hub” service between
designated vertiports.
• The first test bed flights are scheduled to begin in 2020
in Dallas, Texas USA and Dubai, The United Arab Emirates.
Capabilities
• The eVTOL will be used for short-haul transport of passengers
or cargo.
• Current configuration allows for two passengers including
the pilot plus luggage.
• Offerings will include specific configuration options to address
mission requirements for civil and military operations.
Operational Overview
• The eVTOL aircraft includes eight lift rotors for vertical takeoff
and cruise propeller and wing to transition to high-speed
forward cruise.
• At destination hub, the aircraft transitions back to rotorborne
flight for vertical landing.
• Fully electric operation decreases or eliminates emissions
and noise pollution for a quieter flight.
• While initially operated with a safety pilot, the eVTOL aircraft
is designed for fully autonomous operations.
• The flight capability for eVTOL aircraft is three times more
efficient than a multi-copter aircraft.
Aurora Corporate Headquater
9950 Wakeman Dr
Manassas, VA 20110
phone: 703.369.3633
eMail: info@aurora.aero
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e Visions
Electric Flight Plans of the Norwegian Government
e-Flight Up North
Despite
many legal
restrictions,
sea planes
are popular
in the
Norwegian
general aviation
community.
The first
Norwegian
built electric
aircraft is an
amphibian.
In many parts of the world developers are working on electric aircraft
of all kind. But nowhere do governments make eAviation as part of
the national transport plan, however a little country in Europe’s North
wants to change this …Norway. The Government published a whitepaper
and the Transport Ministry and the national airport operator
Avinor are evaluating the possibility of electrifying all airports and using
electric aircraft for the grid of short distance Flights that are part
of the national transport system in the less populated country.
TThe conditions are ideal, Norway has money from oil, a
strong production of renewable electricity by waterpower
and a grid of state owned small airfields. This grid is owned
by the state through the state owned operator Avinor. Many
short and medium distance commuter flights are part of the
national transport system by aircraft like the Dash 8. That’s
because the country is in most parts only sparsely populated
and the roadnet around the fiords and mountains is very
dense so sometimes it may take you half a day on the road
for an air-distance of only 50 kilometres.
There is one more factor, which predestines Norway as testbed.
In the last 10 years Norway pushed the use of electric
cars by a government program, so that now it is the country
with the highest density of electric cars per person in the
world.
Together with Norges Luftsportforbund (NLF) (The
Norwegian Air Sports Federation) Avinor (the state-owned
Norwegian airport operator and air navigation service provider)
has initiated a long-term project aimed at introducing
electric flight in Norway. Avinor states that their airport infrastructure
is an ideal platform for research and testing within
the field of electric aviation, and is willing to offer expertise
and financial development support.
The Norwegian government has for the first time in the national
transport plan context promoted its own innovation initiative.
It was published in National Plan for Transport (2018–
2029) issued by the Norwegian government on April 5th this
year:
39 e Flight Journal

e Visions
Photos (3): Lars Brede Grøndahl / Flynytt
Norway has
a vibrant general
aviation
community,
and Norges
Luftsportforbund
(The
Norwegian
Air Sports
Federation) is
now seeking
to introduce
electric
aircraft.
The reason for the initiative is that the transport sector is expected
to change in a number of ways at the same time as
new business models; new players and changes in user behavior
accompany new technology. The government will facilitate
the rapid adoption of new technology in the transport
sector through the development of new solutions and by
adapting existing solutions suited to Norwegian conditions.
Norway should be well suited for early use and use of electric
aircraft for commercial traffic. The short field and narrow
distance network of airports in Norway seems to fit well with
expected performance on the first electric aircraft, both in
terms of passenger capacity, distances, short-circuit characteristics
and infrastructure for electrical energy.
So what is the plan now and what are the next steps? Avinor
assigned Jan Otto Reimers to do a study on “How the conversion
to an electric aviation is possible” and how Norway
can be one of the leading countries in this development.
Jan Otto is ideal for this Job, even though he is not a pilot
he is former president of the Norges Luftsportsforbund
(Norwegian Aero Club) and was also leading the introduction
of electric cars in Norwegian cities.
After he delivered his first Report in May 2017, Avinor and the
government are now evaluating the options and will decide
by the end of September which way the development will go.
The following options are possible:
A - Establish a sketch for cooperation with development organizations
for electric aircraft to ensure that development
also fit Norwegian conditions. (The short field and narrow
distance network of airports in Norway may be interesting as
an early user scenario.)
B - Investigate possible collaboration with Norwegian companies
and development organizations to build expertise in
Norway, such as establishing a testing and competence center
for electric aircraft.
C - Details of the consequences of electrification of the short
field and narrow distance network of airports, including the
need for development, operation on short field airports, electrical
infrastructure, passenger basis, aircraft sizes, energy
consumption, emissions, approaches, noise, digitalized air
traffic control, autonomous systems, etc.
D - Prepare details for electrification of sport aviation: installations,
infrastructure for charging, noise, energy consumption,
emissions, etc.
E - Assessing incentives and grants/funding schemes for the
introduction of electric aircraft, operation of electric aircraft
at an early stage and development of facilities/infrastructure.
We will keep you updated.
Ketil Solvik-Olsen (left), Norway’s minister of transport,
Didier Esteyne (middle), designer and test pilot of Airbus
E-Fan, and Dag Falk-Petersen, Avinor’s CEO, at the 2016 Zero
Emission Resource Organization Conference in Oslo.
Aircraft designer
Tomas
Brødreskrift (left)
is demonstrating
Norway’s first
hybrid electric
aircraft, Equator
P2 Xcursion,
to secretary
general of the
Norwegian Air
Sports Federation
John Eirik Laupsa
(middle) during
Aero 2017 in
Friedrichshafen.
e Flight Journal
40

Market Watch
The EAC Whisper is a multicopter
that has 8 arms with
one Prop each of this props is
driveb by a Plettenberg motor
with a 30 kW power and 6 kg
weight.
Visions Become Reality
In science fiction movies such as The Fifth Element (1997) or Minority
Report (2002), countless autonomous flying cars flit through
the gullies of the skyscrapers of future megacities. At the moment
it looks as if these impressive visions of Hollywood about the inner
city traffic of the future will soon become reality.
We are in the year 2017: The development of the inner city individual
air traffic is in a gold rush mood. Almost 20 companies are
currently working on various VTOL (Vertical TakeOff and Landing)
concepts, starting from aeronautical industry giants like Airbus and
Bell to small innovative start-ups such as eVolo, Lilium and Zee-
Aero. A few designs have already been flown and other maiden
flights are planned for 2017, but most of these VTOL concepts are
still in the early stage of the development. Aerospace experts believe
that the electrification of the propulsion will enable many innovative
designs. The rapid development in the electric propulsions
and the automatic flight controls brought the era of fully-automatic
on-demand flying taxis within reach. The development in 2017
was boosted by the «Elevate» initiative of the car-sharing service
UBER. The favorite of the US stock market (over 60 billion US Dollar
market value) works concretely on ride-sharing concepts with
VTOL taxis. The criteria for the vehicles are: full electric, 60 miles
range and 160 mph maximum speed.
In order to reflect this development, we have introduced an
independent class «Multicopter and VTOL». Only some of these
models flew already and many are still in the early project stage.
For this reason, the technical data of the aircraft part are still
mostly not complete. Nevertheless, we are sure this class will
grow in the coming years.
Qinyin Zhang
NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER
Short description
NAME OF THE MODEL
Photo of the model
FULL NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER
Address
E-mail • Homepage
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
« EW »
Empty weight
kilograms
(1kg = 2.20lb)
« MTOW »
Maximum all-up
weight
kilograms
(1kg = 2.20lb)
« PA »
Number of
Propellers
« BA »
Number of
propeller
blades
« PD »
Diameter of
propeller
« Engine »
Engine
« Power »
(Hp or kW)
« St »
Number of
seats
« Vmax »
Maximum
speed
kilometres per
hour
(km/h)
(km/h)
« Vz »
Climb rate
metres per second
(m/s)
(1m/s = 197ft/min)
« Vc »
Cruise speed
kilometres per hour
(in Litre or kWh)
« Endurance »
Max Endurance
(in hours - h)
« ES »
Energy storage
« Kit »
Kit price
Excluding local and
national taxes
« Price (estimate) »
Excluding local and
national taxes
« Plan »
Plan price
Excluding local and
national taxes
41 e Flight Journal

Market Watch
A3
Vahana is a full-electric VTOL vehicle designed by A3 based in Santa Clara, California. The venture capital company
A3 is founded in 2015 by Airbus Group as an innovation outpost in Silicon Valley. Vahana is a tandem tiltwing
aircraft, where four variable-speed, variable-pitch propellers are mounted both on the forward and the main wing.
The propellers and the wings tilt up during vertical takeoff and tilt horizontal for cruise flight. The demonstrator uses
45-kW motors and Lithium Polymer batteries. The current version of Vahana is a single-seater designed for autonomous
ride-sharing or air taxi services. The first fully autonomous flights will be performed before end of 2017. Yet it
is planned for 2020 to have a certifiable and producible vehicle with two seats.
VAHANA
A3 AIRBUS 3000 Sand Hill Road - 1-120 • Menlo Park 94025 • California • USA • Phone : +1 703 889-0535
hello@airbus-sv.comm • www.airbus-sv.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
725 8 2 8x45 kW 360 kW 1 173 1/2h - -
AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCE
At the Uber Elevate Summit in April 2017, Aurora Flight Science unveiled its two-seat eVTOL air vehicle concept for
Uber’s flying taxi service. Aurora Flight Science has more than 20 years of experience in developing special-purpose
unmanned aerial vehicle (more than 30 unmanned aircraft developed). For this aircraft, Aurora’s design logic was to
keep the architecture simple and emphasizes the cruise efficiency. For this reason, its eVTOL aircraft features eight
lift propellers distributed along two booms for the vertical takeoff, while a single pusher propeller delivers the propulsion
for the horizontal flight. For the cruise flight, the lift propellers will be stopped and the lift is generated by three
aerodynamic surfaces, i.e. the canard, wing and tail. Even the aircraft is designed for fully autonomous flights, the
two-seater can provide place for a safety pilot due to current certification constraints. The first full-scale flight tests of
the aircraft are scheduled to 2020 in Dallas and Dubai.
AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCE CORPORATION 9950 Wakeman Drive • Manassas, Virginia 20110 • USA •
Phone : +1 703 369 3633
info@aurora.aero • http://www.aurora.aero
AURORA FLIGHT SCIENCE 1
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
- - 8 + 1 2 - - 2 - - - - - - - -
E-VOLO
The VC200 made by the e-volo team in Germany had its unmanned maiden flight on November 17, 2013, and its
first manned flight in March 2016. It is a world exclusive design, and so far the only two-seat multicopter. It is a sideby-side
450kg MTOW ultralight ‘volocopter’ with 18 electric motors and 18 rotors with each rotor 1.8 m in diameter.
It comes with fly-by-wire technology, and is a fully carbon built aircraft. The rotor arms are detachable for transport
and hangar storage. In 2017, e-volo signed an agreement with Dubai’s transport authority to begin testing VC200
as part of a flying taxi service in the fourth quarter of 2017.
VC200
E-VOLO GMBH Oestliche Rheinbrueckenstr. 50 • 76187 Karlsruhe • GERMANY • Phone : +49 (0)721 754 000-0, Fax : +49
(0)721 754 000-99
info@volocopter.com • www.e-volo.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
290 450 18 2 1.8 18x3 kW 54 kW 2 100 50 17.5 kWh 30 min - -
EHANG INC.
The EHang 184 is an Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) designed by Guangzhou EHang Inc. and it was first shown
to the public on CES 2016. The designator “184” stands for “1 passenger, 8 propellers, and 4 arms”. The EHang
184 has eight unducted 1.6 m diameter propellers arranged in a quadcopter configuration, where two counter-rotating
propellers are mounted on each of the four so called “propulsion arms”. According to the manufacturer, the
empty weight of EHang 184 is about 240 kg and a maximum gross takeoff weight is 360 kg. The lithium polymer
batteries enable the drone a cruise speed of 60 km/h and an endurance of about 30 minutes. Currently, EHang
184 is performing test flights in Dubei and Nevada (USA).
EHANG 184
EHANG INC. Building No.3 of Yixiang Science Park,No.72 • 510700 Huangpu District, Guangzhou Guangdong •
Guangdong • CHINA • Phone : +86 020-29028899
service@ehang.com • www.ehang.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
240 360 8 2 1.6 8x19 kW 152 kW 1 60 17 kWh 30 - -
e Flight Journal
42

Market Watch
ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT CONCEPT (EAC)
On AERO 2017 a small and relatively unknown company from France, EAC (Electric Aircraft Concept)
presented a multicopter. The development started three and a half years ago and the multicopter is
shown to the public for the first time. The Multicopter has eight propellers from the company E-Props,
and they are each driven by a Plettenberg engine (30 kW power and 6 kg weight). The power is supplied
by Li-Po batteries. The Multicopter has an empty weight of 350 kg, with a load of 200 kg. The
MTOW is thus 550 kg.
WHISPER
ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT CONCEPT (EAC) 1002 Route du Barroux • 84330 CAROMB • FRANCE • Phone :
+33 0033(0)6-03-48-28-37
info@eac-whisper.com • www.eac-whisper.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
KITTY HAWK CORPORATION
Kitty Hawk Corporation is a flying car company financially backed by Google founder Larry Page. In April 2017,
a video of its Kitty Hawk Flyer was first time released. The Flyer is a full-electric VTOL aircraft within the Ultralight
category (empty weight about 100 kg). It has 8 propellers and is designed to be flown over water. In USA, it can be
flown over uncongested areas without pilot license. The official sale start is planned for the end of 2017, and the
go-to-market Flyer will have a different design than the working prototype in the video footage.
KITTY HAWK FLYER
KITTY HAWK CORPORATION 2700 Broderick Way • Mountain View, 94043 • California • USA • Phone :
+1 650)265-0451
hello@kittyhawk.aero • https://kittyhawk.aero
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
100 - 8 2 - - 1 - 40 - - - - - -
LILIUM AVIATION
Lilium Eagle is full-electric VTOL vehicle designed by a start-up company Lilium Aviation located in Gilching near
Munich. The maiden flight of the full-scale 2-seater prototype “Eagle” was performed on April 20, 2017. As the
wording “Jet” implies, the air stream is accelerated by 36 impellers located on the wings (12 on the forward wing
and 24 on the main wing). During takeoff, the impellers point downward to provide vertical lift (helicopter mode),
while the impellers are tilted into the flight direction to provide propulsion force for the cruise flight (airplane mode).
The yaw control is achieved with variating the impeller differently left and right, therefore, no vertical stabilizer is
needed. After the successful first flight of the 2-seater, the maiden flight of a 5-seater version is planned for 2019.
LILIUM EAGLE
LILIUM GMBH Friedrichshafener Strasse 1 • 82205 Gilching, • GERMANY • Phone : +49 0)81 0577 277 87
info@lilium-aviation.com • www.lilium-aviation.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
400 600 36 12 0.25 - 2 400 300 - - 1 h - - -
SUREFLY WORKHORSE
The manufacturer of electric vehicles for delivery services has developed a delivery drone for Amazon. On this
base they now presented the prototype of this double-seat multicopter, which has been publicly presented at the
Paris Airshow 2017 for the first time. The two-seater is powered by 8 Emrax e-motors from Slovenia. In their workhorse
the Americans fully set on hybrid. There are some Licium, ion batteries in the four foldable rotor arms, but
these only for short flights. The main energy source is a two-cylinder four-stroke engine in the back of the machine
with its almost 200 hp it drives a generator. First flight planned for end of 2017.
WORKHORSE
SUREFLY 100 Commerce Dr. • Loveland, Ohio 45140 • USA • Phone : +1 513-360-4704
http://workhorse.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
500 680 4 2 - 8 * 30 kW Emrax - - - - - - - - - -
43 e Flight Journal

Market Watch
WATERS TRUST
The Vision VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Landing) from the U.S. is designed by Mike Waters specifically for the
imminent evolution of electric power storage and energy breakthroughs. The Vision is the beginning of a new
breed of transportation that is specifically designed for ultra long range electric power and storage - point to point
transportation. First designed over 10 years ago, all technologies required are now almost fully developed. This is
the single seat prototype. It uses a slightly modified, sailplane fuselage with two pairs of tilting and canalized fans.
VISION VTOL
WATERS TRUST Fairfield, PA • USA • Phone : +1 574 849 6236
hpcconcepts@yahoo.com • http://visionvtol.weebly.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
XTI AIRCRAFT
The American Company lead by founder David Brody and Rober Labelle (Former CEO of Agusta Westland North
Amerika) started developing this 6 seat VTOL Aircraft in 2012 . The three electric Motors (with 250 KW each) are
driving multi blade ducted Fans and receive their energy from two turboshaft engines. After vertical take off the
two front Rotors are turned into flight direction. The third fan is covered for reducing the drag. The aimed maximum
speed is 350 Miles per hour. And the max Cruise altitude shall be 30 000 feet. For the electric Integration
Gorge Bye from the Sunflyer project is part of the Team.
TRIFAN 600
XTI AIRCRAFT 13000 East Control Tower Road • Englewood Colorado 80112 • USA • Phone : +1 303 503
5660
LiftUp@xtiaircraft.com • http://www.xtiaircraft.com
EW MTOW PA BA PD Engine Power St Vmax Vc Vz ES Endurance Price (estimate) Kit Plan
- - - - - 3 x 250 max 2600 6 >700 630 - - - - - -
MORE VTOL PROJECTS AROUND THE WORLD
MBesides these concrete projects above, of which several are already flying, there are many more companies around the globe
working on private VTOL projects. Some work very silent while others make a big wave. As we do not have reliable data on
these VTOLs, in the following we give an overview with a name, image and web address. Info is changing quickly and there
will be more projects every month, this is where we stand as of July 2017. More info always on www.e-flight-expo.com.
ZEEAREO / ZP1 www.zee.aero
JOBY AVIATION / S2 S4 www.JobyAviation.com
e Flight Journal
44

Market Watch
AIRSPACEX / MOBI www.airspacex.com
NEVA AERO / AIRQUAD 1 www.neva-aero.com
AIRBUS / CITYAIRBUS www.airbus-xo.com
EMBRAER / VTOL http://www.embraer.com
DELOREAN AER. / DR-7 www.deloreanaerospace
CARTER-MOONEY / SR/C www.cartercopters.com
45 e Flight Journal

Market Watch
BELL HELI. / EVTOL www.bellhelicopter.com
TECHNOPLANE SAS / MINI-BEE www.technoplane.com
PIPISTREL / PROJECT VTOL www.pipistrel.si
JETPACK AVIATION / EVTOL www.jetpackaviation.com
This chapter was taken from the new edition of the
World Directory of Light Aviation 2017/18
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engines, propellers and accessories.
* The World Directory of Light Aviation 2017/18 is available in four languages:
English, French and German. The Chinese version will be on the
market at the end of September.
* The World Directory of Light Aviation 2017/18 is now available at all
EAA merchandise outlets at AirVenture or online at http://lightaviationguide.com
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e Flight Journal
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The Future ofAviation
April, 18.- 21. 2018
Friedrichshafen - Germany
即 将 开 启
coming soon
The e-flight-expo is part of the annual AERO in Friedrichshafen /
Germany.
You will find the most advanced electric, hybrid, fuel-cell and solar
aircraft and propulsion systems.
e-flight-forum
China 2017
www.e-flight-expo.com