En politisk og økonomisk oversigt af Steffen V. Knudsen
En politisk og økonomisk oversigt af Steffen V. Knudsen
En politisk og økonomisk oversigt af Steffen V. Knudsen
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Indholdsfortegnelse Økonomisk situation ved årtusindskiftet .............. 73<br />
Gælden................................................................. 73<br />
Handelsbalancen .................................................. 75<br />
1. Landet <strong>og</strong> folket ......................................... 9<br />
Andesbjerge <strong>og</strong> Amazonas .................................... 9<br />
Befolkning............................................................ 10<br />
Oprindelige folk, bønder <strong>og</strong> blandinger................ 13<br />
Mange spr<strong>og</strong>......................................................... 14<br />
Religion................................................................ 15<br />
2. Historie ...................................................... 19<br />
Solens Sønner....................................................... 19<br />
Den spanske erobring........................................... 23<br />
U<strong>af</strong>hængigheden .................................................. 23<br />
Tinbaroner <strong>og</strong> diktaturperioden ........................... 25<br />
Victor Paz Estenssoro ........................................... 26<br />
Demokrati i støbeskeen ........................................ 27<br />
Den militære svingdør.......................................... 28<br />
Banzers diktatur ................................................... 31<br />
Kokainkuppet ..................................................... 32<br />
3. Den nyere <strong>politisk</strong>e udvikling ..................... 35<br />
Diktaturets endeligt ............................................. 35<br />
Konsolidering <strong>af</strong> demokratiet ............................... 37<br />
Koka – en hellig plante......................................... 38<br />
Den Patriotiske Aftale .......................................... 40<br />
Nye reformer........................................................ 43<br />
Forfatningen <strong>og</strong> det <strong>politisk</strong>e system..................... 44<br />
Loven om folkelig deltagelse................................. 45<br />
Jordreformloven – INRA...................................... 50<br />
Undervisningsreformen ........................................ 51<br />
March for jord...................................................... 53<br />
Banzer vælges demokratisk ................................... 55<br />
Politiseringen <strong>af</strong> den offentlige administration...... 59<br />
Korruption........................................................... 60<br />
4. Økonomisk udvikling.................................. 63<br />
Fra mineraler til gas <strong>og</strong> soja .................................. 63<br />
Inkaskat, bytteøkonomi <strong>og</strong> gummiboomet ........... 64<br />
Krise, revolution <strong>og</strong> nationaliseringer ................... 65<br />
Økonomisk kaos .................................................. 66<br />
Dekret nr. 21060 – et <strong>økonomisk</strong> vendepunkt ..... 68<br />
Nye <strong>økonomisk</strong>e reformer .................................... 71<br />
5. De enkelte sektorer .................................... 79<br />
Landbruget........................................................... 80<br />
Skovdrift <strong>og</strong> rovdrift............................................. 83<br />
Minedrift ............................................................. 85<br />
Service.................................................................. 88<br />
Den finansielle sektor ........................................... 88<br />
Transport.............................................................. 89<br />
Den uformelle sektor............................................ 91<br />
Kokain ................................................................. 93<br />
6. Sociale forhold ........................................... 99<br />
Fattigdommens ansigt .......................................... 99<br />
Uddannelse .......................................................... 101<br />
Sundhed............................................................... 104<br />
Kvindernes forhold............................................... 108<br />
Menneskerettigheder ............................................ 109<br />
Medierne.............................................................. 110<br />
7. Udenrigspolitik .......................................... 113<br />
Politisk <strong>og</strong> <strong>økonomisk</strong> integration ........................ 113<br />
Forholdene til nabolandene .................................. 115<br />
Brasilien ............................................................... 115<br />
Peru...................................................................... 115<br />
Chile .................................................................... 116<br />
Argentina ............................................................. 116<br />
Paraguay............................................................... 117<br />
Forholdet til USA................................................. 117<br />
Forholdet mellem Bolivia <strong>og</strong> EU .......................... 118<br />
8. Udviklingssamarbejde med Bolivia ............. 123<br />
Koordinering <strong>af</strong> bistanden .................................... 124<br />
Det danske bistandssamarbejde ............................ 125<br />
Pr<strong>og</strong>ramsamarbejdsland........................................ 126<br />
Oprindelige folk, decentralisering<br />
<strong>og</strong> folkelig deltagelse............................................. 128<br />
Landbrug <strong>og</strong> udvikling <strong>af</strong> landområderne............. 130<br />
Miljø <strong>og</strong> forvaltning <strong>af</strong> naturressourcer................. 131<br />
Private organisationer ........................................... 132<br />
Oversigt over partier <strong>og</strong> bevægelser ................ 135<br />
Mere om Bolivia............................................... 139