Biprodukter fra fødevare - Fødevarestyrelsen

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13. Conclusion (English version) By- and residual products from the food and non-food industry currently account for a noteworthy part of the feed for food producing animals. High prices of feed, due to a significant increase in the demand for food and raw material for production of biofuel, as well as an increased need to optimize available resources, will most likely lead to increased future use of by-products for feed purposes. This concern both the by-products we know today, but also new by-products from non-food industries. These industries do not normally contribute to the food chain and may therefore pay less attention to the importance of feed safety in relation to animal health and food safety. In recent years feed has been the cause of some of the biggest problems concerning food safety, and several cases about contamination of by- and residual products in the EU emphasize quite clearly the importance of focusing on the possible risks that may be associated with using by-and residual products as feed. The “history” of a certain by-or residual product is crucial when assessing whether it may pose a risk and whether the product meets the overall requirements in the legislation; that “feed may not be marketed or used if there is a possible risk for human or animal health or for the environment”. The “history” refers to the whole process from: 1) the origin of the raw material included in the manufacturing process resulting in the by-or residual product, 2) the process itself - technology and the substances used, 3) the criteria for a decision about whether by-and residual products can be used as feed, 4) any further processing and 5) storage/handling/transportation at all stages until the final use of the feed (see Section 6.4). Risks that may arise from subsequent handling, storage, feeding at the final user is mentioned in section 6.4.1 but is not as such included in this project. Within the <strong>fra</strong>mework of this project it has only been possible to conduct a more thorough risk analysis of a few selected products, and the focus has primarily been on chemical pollutants. The project has prepared a list of by- and residual products, including the most important chemical contaminants that may occur in these products. This list (available on the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration’s website (http://www.foedevarestyrelsen.dk/Foder/Animalske-biprodukter-og-andrebiprodukter/Risikovurdering-af-biprodukter/Liste-over-biprodukter/Sider/default.aspx) is intended as an inspiration when analysis plans are made and for demands to the suppliers. The list is not a reference list - it is not complete, neither with regard to all the different products available on the market nor with respect to the chemical contaminants (risk factors) that are proven or might occur in these. The list will be regularly updated with relevant new knowledge. The by-products in the project are divided into 4 main groups: 1. By-products of vegetable origin 2. By-products of animal origin 3. By-and residual-products from food production 4. By-products from the biofuel industry The conclusions for each group are listed below. In each of the groups 1, 2 and 4 a type of by-product was selected for further evaluation in cases with different animals (dairy cows, 102
veal calves, pigs, chickens) and based on diets with normal and high content (worst case) of the selected products. The conclusions of the cases are listed under each group. By-products of vegetable origin Citrus pulp was during the project selected as a case example (see Section 5) for the byproducts of vegetable origin. The choice is based on the finding of high residues of several pesticides, including active substances not allowed in the EU, in imported citrus fruit. Furthermore, phenols used as preservatives, dioxin, dioxin-like compounds and other undesirable substances have been found. Citrus pulp is a residual product from the production of juice (peel 60 to 65%). The concentration of pesticides in the pulp may therefore be higher than in the whole citrus fruit. On the other hand, the manufacturing process can reduce pesticide content by enzymatic or thermal decomposition of the most easily degradable pesticides. Case-calculations and evaluations include the pesticides found by analysis of a limited number of samples (6 samples), including azoxystrobin (up to 0.40 ppm), imazalil (up to 0.13 ppm), pyraclostrobin (up to 0.10 ppm) and thiabendazole (up to 0.38 ppm). The contents of pesticides, however, were below the maximum residue levels (MRL) fixed in the EU Pesticide legislation. The evaluation of pesticides is for precautionary reasons conducted with concentrations that are 2-3 times higher than the contents of the samples with the highest measured concentrations. From the case-calculations it is estimated that citrus pulp, containing 2 to 3 times the measured level of the four pesticides, does not give reason to expect that the overall well-being of animals (veal calves, dairy cows, pigs, chickens) is affected. This applies both when citrus pulp is part of "normal" amounts in the diet (2.45% - 5%), and when given in high amounts (12.5%-25%) (worst case scenario). Also in relation to human consumption of meat and milk from veal calves, dairy cattle, slaughter pigs and chickens fed with citrus pulp, there seems to be no health concerns for humans. It is important to note that the case is based on a very limited number of samples. Therefore it is not possible to conclude, based on this case study, that citrus pulp could not give rise to problems in relation to animal health and food safety, even though the calculations are performed with relatively high concentrations of the detected pesticides. It is likely that a larger sample material of citrus pulp will reveal both other pesticides and in some cases higher concentrations of pesticides, including phosphorus-containing insecticides, since these according to a Brazilian study should result in the greatest contribution to human intake of pesticides. Although the 6 samples in the project are in no way representative, the results suggest a need for a larger sample material, among other to clarify whether phosphorus pesticides are reduced during processing of citrus to citrus pulp. Concerning citrus pulp it would, beyond pesticides, be relevant to investigate dioxins and other potential organic contaminants as well as heavy metals to find out whether there is a reduction or concentration of these substances from the raw materials to the final feed material. By- products of animal origin During the project fishmeal was selected as a case example for animal by-products (see Section 5). The choice is based on the fact that fishmeal is an important energy and protein source (especially in feed for fish where fishmeal typically has a high incorporation level) and the fact that fish often have a high arsenic content. Furthermore, a large number of ana- 103
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Biprodukter fra fødevare- og nonfo
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Indhold Abstract...................
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Abstract This report is one of the
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2. Indledning Bi- og restprodukter
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3. Baggrund Igennem de senere år h
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4. Hvad er biprodukter? Biprodukter
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d. Bi- og restprodukter fra fødeva
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- Biproduktet kun anvendes i meget
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Desuden har projektet udarbejdet pj
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I denne rapport anvendes begrebet
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Påvirkning af dyresundhed evaluere
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Om Codex Alimentarius Principperne
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Fødevarestyrelsen/Foders hjemmesid
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• Korrekt emballage skal anvendes
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7.2 Case om pesticider i citruskvas
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Ingen af de 6 prøver indeholdt nog
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Tabel 7.3 Grundlag for beregning af
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vurderes at være uden sundhedsmæs
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Tabel 7.8 Thiabendazole - indtag, a
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Udover den danske produktion import
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8.2.1 Analyser For at kunne vurdere
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de kan derfor akkumuleres og opkonc
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Kort om krav og kontrol af fødevar
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Frugt og grøntsager Frugt og grøn
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Tabel 9.1 Mængder, oprindelse og a
Page 51 and 52: For at få en indikation af, om der
Page 53 and 54: Der tages specielle forholdsregler
Page 55 and 56: Anvendelse hos slutbruger Skønt sp
Page 57 and 58: Det skal bemærkes, at prøverne ik
Page 59 and 60: 10. Biprodukter fra biobrændstofin
Page 61 and 62: Eksempler på råvarer til produkti
Page 63 and 64: Figur 10.1 produkter fra fremstilli
Page 65 and 66: 2. En termokemisk metode der omfatt
Page 67 and 68: Ved fremstillingen af biodiesel udv
Page 69 and 70: som eventuelt ville kunne ’udvask
Page 71 and 72: Biprodukter fra produktionen af bio
Page 73 and 74: 10.5 Case om mykotoksiner i DDGS fr
Page 75 and 76: Tilrettelæggelsen af analyseprogra
Page 77 and 78: Tabel 10.2 Grundlaget for beregning
Page 79 and 80: Af tabel 10.4 fremgår det, at svin
Page 81 and 82: Af tabel 10.5 fremgår det, at kyll
Page 83 and 84: Slutteligt skal det nævnes, at man
Page 85 and 86: Det fremgår af tabel 10.6, at der
Page 87 and 88: Udvikling i efterspørgslen efter b
Page 89 and 90: 11. Virksomheder, der omsætter og
Page 91 and 92: landede produkter, hvor der for et
Page 93 and 94: svarlige og skal investere i de for
Page 95 and 96: 12. Afslutning og konklusion Bi- og
Page 97 and 98: Formålet med casen var at vurdere
Page 99 and 100: som ikke er tilladt i EU. Man skal
Page 101: Andre observationer og anbefalinger
Page 105 and 106: industry. The concept varies, but a
Page 107 and 108: Crude glycerol from biodiesel produ
Page 109 and 110: 14. Referencer Aalborg Universitet,
Page 111 and 112: Dong Energy, 2011 (b). Nyttige prod
Page 113 and 114: Group on Pesticide Residues, Rome,
Page 115 and 116: IEA Bioenergy Task 39 2009: Commerc
Page 117 and 118: Polin, D., Kelley, K., Lehman, E.,
Page 119 and 120: Upadhaya, S.D., Sung, H.G., Lee, C.
Page 121 and 122: 15. Bilag Bilag 1. Liste over anven
Page 123 and 124: ppm Parts per million - svarer til
Page 125 and 126: Biprodukt Analyse Enhed Vegetabilsk
Page 127 and 128: Biprodukt Analyse Enhed Fund min. F
Page 133 and 134: Biprodukt Analyse Enhed Andet: Fund
Page 135 and 136: ”Brød, kager og kasserede råvar
Page 137 and 138: ”Bi- og restprodukter fra øl”
Page 139 and 140: Bilag 4. Oversigt over relevante be
Page 141 and 142: Mykotoksin Effekt på dyr HT-2 og T
Page 143 and 144: Bilag 5. Resultater af analyser for
Page 145 and 146: Bilag 6. Resultater af analyser for
Page 147: Metaller Arsen, cadmium, kobolt, ch
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