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jif{ !), c+s @%%, @)&$ r}q @% ut] cfOtaf/ -g]kfn ;+jt !!#*_ (Sunday 8, April 2018) 

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k|wfgdGqLn] ax'cfoflds g]kfn– 

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lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu ;f] 

kxn ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . ljb]zdf 

/x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] 1fg ;LknfO{ 

g]kfnsf] ljsf; Pj +;d[l4sf 

nflu vf;} k|of]u gePsf] 

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k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] cfk\mgf 

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pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;Dd]ngdf 

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nufgL tyf cfly{s, jftfj/0f 

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g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;df 

;xof]u ug{sf] nflu u}/cfjf;Lo 

g]kfnLx?n] JolQmut tyf 

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If]qx?df nufgL ul//x]sf 

5g\ . nufgLsf] If]qnfO{ cem 

Jofks / lbuf] agfpgsf] nflu 

g]kfndf a[xt Ps ;fd"lxs 

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lbPsf] atfP . k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] 

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k|fGtLo lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s 

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g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt xflb{s awfO{ 

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b]zsf] ljsf; / :yfloTjsf nflu 

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u/] . g]kfndf ;~rflnt ljsf;sf 

låkIfLo kl/of]hgfnfO{ b|'t ultdf 

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ef/t ;DaGwsf ljljw If]qsf 

;xof]usf sfo{;"rLnfO{ nfu" 

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lxtsf tLgj6f 8 af“sL k[i7 @ df 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–j}b]lzs 

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påj/fh e§/fO{, dxf;lrjdf 

k]6«f]lnod kfOknfOg lznfGof; 

gofF lbNNfL -h;_–ef/tsf] /fhsLo 

e|d0fdf /x]sf k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL / 

pgsf ef/tLo ;dsIfL g/]Gb| df]bLn] zlgaf/ 

;+o'Qm ¿kdf k]6«f]lnod kfOknfOgsf] 

lznfGof; u/]sf 5g\ . x}b/fafb xfp;df 

cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf pQm kfOknfOgsf] 

lznfGof; ul/Psf] xf] . cdn]vh~h–/ 

S;f}n–df]ltxf/L v08df ut kmfu'gsf] clGtd 

;ftfb]lv kfOknfOg laR5Øfpg] sfo{ z'? 

eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn;Dd s/La tLg lsnf]ld6/ 

kfOknfOg laR5ØfO;lsPsf] 5 . df]ltxf/L– 

cdn]vu~h k]6«f]lnod kfOknfOg k|f]h]S6sf 

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sfd z'? xf] . kfOknfOg la5Øfpg / j]lN8ª 

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k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] lzi6frf/ e]6 

ef/t-h;_–ef/tsf /fi6«klt 

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zdf{ cf]nLn] zlgaf/ lzi6frf/ 

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‘ljKnjsf ultljlw cltjfbL’ 

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g]t[Tjsf] dfcf]jfbLn] ul//x]sf 

lqmofsnfknfO{ cltjfbL eGb} 

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zlgaf/ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf cfof]hgf 

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sfo{of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 

eGb} pgn]] ljsf;, ;d[l4 / 

;'zf;gsf nflu b]zdf zflGt 

;'/Iff, cdgrog sfod ug'{kg]{ 

atfP . pgn] j}zfvsf] bf];|f] 

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eGb} lgod;+ut / j}1flgs 

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j}b]lzs /f]huf/ kqsf/ 

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sf]dnk|;fb b'nfn / ;b:odf 

huGgfy b'nfn / l/gf >]i7 5g\ . 

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cWoIf yfkfn] g]kfnsf nflu 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] If]q Pp6f d'Vo 

cfwf/ /x]sf] ;Gbe{df of] If]qnfO{ 

:jR5 / ;dofg's'n agfpg 

kqsfl/tfdfkm{t ;dfhn] of]ubfg 

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o:t} cdn]vu~hl:yt g]kfn 

cfon lgud l8kf]sf] rf/ j6f 6\of+sLsf] 

:t/f]Ggltsf] sfd klg eO/x]sf] 5 . ef/t 

kml/bfjfbsf] df]ltk|ef OGk|mf6]s k|flnn] 

6Øf+sL :t/f]Ggltsf] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . s"n 

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pgx¿aLr låkIfLo rf;f] / 

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pgn] g]kfnsf /fi6«kltnfO{ 

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ef/t -h;_– 

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g]kfn / ef/tsf ;/sf/ / 

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nufgLdf ;~rflnt kfOknfOg kl/of]hgfsf 

nflu g]kfnn] kfOknfOg cf]5Øfpg] :yfg / 

jL/u~hsf s]xL :yfgdf g]kfn cfon lgudn] 

d'cfAhf ljt/0fsf] sfdafx]s ;a} nufgL 

ef/t ;/sf/s} /x]sf] 5 . df]ltxf/Lb]lv 

/S;f}n;Dd #@ bzdna ;ft lsnf]ld6/ / 

/S;f}nb]lv cdn]vu~h;Dd @^ bzdna b'O{ 

lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] kfOknfOg kl/of]hgfsf] 

nfut k|ltlsnf]ld6/ s/La ef? kfFr s/f]8 

nfut /x]sf] 5 . 

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ul/Psf] 5 . pQm kfOk ef/t dxf/fi6«sf] 

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cfly{s ljsf;sf] o'udf g]kfn 

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ljZjf;df cfwfl/t g]kfn–ef/t 

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@)&$ r}q @% ut], cfOtaf/ 

Sunday 8, April 2018 

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x}b/fjfb xfp;df cfof]lht 

ljz]if ;df/f]xdf pQm PsLs[t 

hfFr rf}sLsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 

xf] . pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ 

dGqfno cGtu{tsf] g]kfn 

OG6/df]8n oftfoft ;ldltsf] 

;+of]hgdf lgdf{0f ePsf] pQm 

PsLs[t hfFr rf}sLsf] pb\3f6g 

ul/Psf] xf] . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] 

ef/tsf] /fhsLo e|d0fsf] 

cj;/ kf/]/ PsLs[t hfFr 

rf}sLsf] pb\3f6g ul/Psf] 

xf] . g]kfn / ef/t aLrsf] 

;Demf}tfcg';f/ ;g\ @)!! sf] 

h'nfO{df lznfGof; eO{ pQm 

PsLs[t hfFr rf}sLsf] lgdf{0f 

sfo{ yflnPsf] lyof] . 

alb{af; -h;_–/fk|kfsf cWoIf sdn 

yfkfn] g]kfnsf] s'g} klg cfGbf]ngsf] 

Ph]08f wd{ kl/jt{g gePsf] atfPsf 

5g\ . dxf]Q/Lsf] e+uxf gu/kflnsf–& 

d]3/f}ndf zlgaf/ cfof]lht >L >L !)* 

>L dxfjL/ em08f d]nfnfO{ pb\3f6g ub}{ 

pgn] klZrdL d'n'sf bnfnx?sf] Ozf/fdf 

s]xL JolQm / bnn] lglxt :jfy{sf nflu 

g]kfnsf] lxGb' wd{dfly k|xf/ u/]sf] pNn]v 

jL/u~h -h;_– ef/tsf] 

gofFlbNnLl:yt x}b/fjfb ejgaf6 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL 

tyf ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| 

df]bLn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf l:jr lyrL 

pb\3f6g u/]kl5 k;f{ lhNnfsf] 

cnf}df /x]sf] PsLs[t hfFr rf}sL 

-cfOl;kL_ zlgaf/b]lv ljlwjt\ 

?kdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 

5 . gofFlbNnLdf b'j} 

b]zsf k|wfgdGqLn] l:jr 

lyrL cfOl;kLsf] pb\3f6g 

u/]kl5 cnf}l:yt cfOl;kLdf 

/x]sf] lznfn]vsf] jL/u~hl:yt 

ef/tLo dxfjfl0fHob"t lj;L 

k|wfgn] cgfj/0f u/]sf 

5g\ . p¢f6gkZrft\ ef/taf6 

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ af]s]sf] gf ^ v 

^(#( g+sf] k]6«f]n 6\ofs/;lxt 

*) j6f uf8L g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf 

5g\ eg] g]kfntkm{af6 PgPn 

)! Pr *#*% g+sf] dfnafxs 

6«s;lxt tLgj6f uf8L ef/t 

lelqPsf 5g\ . ef/t ;/sf/sf] 

? b'O{ ca{sf] nfutdf lgdf{0f 

ul/Psf] ;f] cfOl;kL cnf} / 

d'cfAhf ljjfb, 7]s]bf/sf] 

nfk/afxL, 9'ª\uf, afn'jf h:tf 

lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] cefjsf 

sf/0fn] PsLs[t rf}sL lgdf{0fdf 

l9nfO ePsf] lyof] . ef/tLo 

;xof]udf lj/f6gu/ e}/xjf 

/ g]kfnuu~hdf klg To:tf 

rf}sL lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . 

d'n'ssf] Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0fsf 

nflu ;/sf/n] eG;f/ ljGb'nfO{ 

cfw'lgsLs/0f ub}{ / ;'Vvf 

aGb/ufxdf k"jf{wf/ dha't 

agfpFb} n}hfg] of]hgfcGtu{t 

pQm rf}sL lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . 

g]kfn OG6/df]8n oftfoft 

ljsf; ;ldltsf cg';f/ 

cfOl;kL zlgaf/}b]lv ;~rfngdf 

cfpg]5 . cfOl;kL ;~rfngdf 

cfPkl5 ;fdfg cfoft / lgof{t 

ubf{ ;Ldf gfsfdf pBf]uL tyf 

Joj;foLn] ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;d:of 

;dfwfg x'g] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 

5 . g]kfn / ef/t aLrsf] 

Jofkf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ pQm 

l;l;{ofsf] !!% la3f If]qkmndf 

km}lnPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] 

jL/u~h dxfgu/kflnsfsf] 

l;l;{of / cnf}df u/L #!% hgf 

hUufwgLsf] !!% la3f If]qkmn 

hUuf clwu|x0f u/L pknAw 

u/fPkl5 pkxf/:j?k cfOl;kL 

agfOlbPsf] xf] . 

ef/tn] lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] 

pQm cfOl;kLdf &#) ju{ 

ld6/ If]qkmnsf kfFrj6f 

7"nf uf]bfd, b'O{j6f 7"nf ;]8, 

sfof{no ;~rfng ejg, eG;f/ 

sfof{nosf] ejg, sd{rf/Lsf] 

cfjf; ejg, pkrf/ s]Gb| 

ejg, vfhf tyf vfgf 3/, 

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ejg, 

;'/IffsdL{sf] ejg, kvf{n, 

cfOl;kLdf ;jf/L ;fwg 

k|j]z tyf lgsf; x'g] sfnf]kq] 

;8snufot ef}lts ;+/rgf 

/x]sf 5g\ . 

jL/u~hsf] d'Vo gfsfdf 

/x]sf] jL/u~h eG;f/ sfof{no 

cfOl;kLdf :yfgfGt/0f x'g] 

ePsfn] cfoft lgof{tstf{n] 

k]6«f]lnod=== 

jL/u~h gfsfdf eG;f/ If]qdf x'g] nfdf] hfd / eL8ef8;d]t 

cGTo x'g] / jL/u~h–kyn}of–cdn]vu~h ;8sv08df 6Øf+s/sf] 

rfk;d]t 36\g] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . tTsfnLg cfk"lt{dGqL ;'lgn 

yfkf / ef/tsf] k]6f]lnod tyf k|fs[lts Uof; /fHodGqL wd]Gb| 

k|wfgn] b'O{ jif{klxn] pQm kfOknfOg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;Demf}tf ug'{ePsf] 

lyof] . g]kfndf cfoft x'g] s"n k]6«f]lnod kbfy{dWo] %) k|ltzt 

lx::ff jL/u~h gfsf eP/ leqg] ePsfn] klg ;f] kfOknfOgsf] 

lgdf{0fkl5 ;xh cj:yf cfpg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . 

lznfGof; ;df/f]xdf pBf]u jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{dGqL dft[sf 

ofbj / pgsf ef/tLo ;dsIfL wd]Gb| k|wfgsf] ;d]t pkl:ylt 

lyof] . o:t} g]kfnL k|ltlglwd08nsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o;d]t ;f] cj;/df 

pkl:yt lyP . ;g\ @)!& leq g} ;DkGg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 

kfOknfOg cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] sfd, g]kfn cfon lgud / cfOcf];L 

b'j} kIfsf] gLltut lg0f{odf l9nfOn] ubf{ lGfdf{0f;d]t l9nf] x'g k'u]sf] 

lyof] . kfOknfOg cfof]hgf lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] #^ dlxgfleq ;Sg] 

nIo /flvPsf] 5 . kfOknfOg cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu ef/taf6 

NofOg] kfOk nufotsf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L /fVgsf nflu cfon lgudn] 

jL/u~hdf aGb cj:yfdf /x]sf] jL/u~h lrgL sf/vfgfsf] hUuf 

ef8fdf lnPsf] 5 . 

lgudn] xfn ef/tsf] a}/ulgof / /S;f}ndf /x]sf] cfOcf];Lsf] 

l8Kkf]af6 k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ l8h]n, k]6«f]n, d§Lt]n, xfO{ l:k8 l8h]n 

/ xjfO{ OGwg 6Øf+s/dfkm{t cdn]vu~hdf /x]sf] cfon lgudsf] 

l8kf]df cfoft ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . kfOknfOgdfkm{t k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ 

cfoft ubf{ 9'jfgL ef8f sd nfUgfsf ;fy} r'xfj6df klg lgoGq0f 

cfpg] cfon lgudsf] bfaL 5 . kfOknfOg cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkl5 

ef/tsf] l8kf]af6 k|lt306f b'O{ nfv ln6/ OGwg cdn]vu~hsf] 

l8kf]df Nofpg] cfon lgudn] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . kfOknOg eljiodf 

lj:tf/ u/]/ lrtjg;Dd n}hfg] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . 

;d[l4=== 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTj tyf b'O{ b]zaLrsf] 

;xof]ufTds ;DaGwnfO{ cem ;'b[9 Pj+ k|uf9 agfpg] atfP . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] pRr /fhgLlts txdf x'g] e]6jftf{n] ;DaGwnfO{ 

gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpg] / ax'cfoflds låkIfLo ;DaGwsf ljljw 

ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ o:tf e]6jftf{ dxTjk"0f{ x'g] atfP . b'O{ 

b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ gofF prfOdf k'¥ofpg] pkfo / kf/:kfl/s 

nfesf vflt/ cj;/x¿sf] vf]hL ug{ cfkm" ef/t e|d0fdf cfPsf] 

:ki6 ub}{ pgn] k|wfgdGqL df]bL;Fu cfk;L ;DaGwsf ;a} ljifodf 

ljrf/ljdz{ ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ztflAbcf}+ k'/fgf] g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf ;a} 

kIfnfO{ @!cf}+ ztfAbL ;'xfpFbf] t'Nofpg b'a} b]zsf pRr s"6gLlts 

txdf u7g ePsf] k|j'4 JolQm ;d"x-OlkhL_nufot ;a} ljifodf 

rf}sLn] ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff 

ul/Psf] 5 . b'O{ b]zaLrsf] 

Jofkf/nfO{ cf}krfl/s bfo/fleq 

Nofpg dxTjk"0f{ PsLs[t hfFr 

rf}sLsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg 

/xg]5 . ;/sf/n] jL/u~h 

dxfgu/kflnsfsf] l;l;{of 

/ cnf}df u/L #!% hgf 

hUufwgLsf] !!% laufxf If]qkmn 

hUuf clwu|x0f u/L pknAw 

u/fPsf] lyof] . 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] ? Ps ca{ 

#( s/f]8 nfutdf PsLs[t hfFr 

rf}sL lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . cnf}+df 

lgdf{0f ePsf] pQm rf}sLdf 

&#) ju{ ld6/ If]qkmnsf kfFr 

j6f 7"nf uf]bfd, b'O{6f 7"nf 

;]8, sfof{no ;~rfng ejg, 

eG;f/ sfof{nosf] ejg, 

sd{rf/Lsf] cfjf; ejg, 

pkrf/ s]Gb| ejg, vfhf tyf 

vfgf 3/, a}+s tyf ljQLo 

;+:yfsf] ejg, ;'/IffsdL{sf] 

ejg, kvf{nnufot /x]sf 

u/] . pgn] @)^@/^# sf] cfGbf]ng kl5 

g]kfnL hgtfn] ck]Iff g} gu/]sf] s'/fnfO{ 

s]xL bn / g]tfn] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] gfddf 

lxGb' wd{ ;dfKt kfg]{ v]n v]ln/x]sf] 

cf/f]k nufP . 

cWoIf yfkfn] lxGb' wd{sf] lj?ådf 

ljleGg e|dx? km}nfpFb} k};f, kx'Fr / 

ljleGg nf]e nfnrdf kf/]/ wd{ kl/jt{g 

u/fpg] sfd e}/x]sf] x'+Fbf To;af6 ;Dk"0f{ 

sd ;dod} ;xh ?kdf j:t' 

cfoft lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ 

eg] ;jf/Lsf] rfksf sf/0f x'g] 

6«flkms rfk x'g] 5}g / eG;f/df 

x'g] u/]sf] rf]/L k}7f/Ldf sdL 

cfpg] tyf /fhZj r'xfj6 

klg /f]lsg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 

5 . g]kfnsf] cGt/fl{\i6«o Jofkf/ 

k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn– 

ef/taLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfcg'?k 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] cf+lzs tyf 

k|fljlws ;xof]udf ;f] cfOl;kL 

lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . g]kfnsf] 

cfwfeGbf a9L cGt/f{i6«o Jofkf/ 

jL/u~h /S;f}n dfu{af6 x'g] 

ePsfn] of] cfOl;kLn] g]kfnsf] 

Jofkf/df gofF :km"lt{ Nofpg] 

ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . PsLs[t 

hfFrrf}sLn] g]kfn–ef/t Jofkf/ 

tyf ;DaGwdf gofF cfofd 

yKg'sf ;fy} lj/f6gu/ e}/xjf 

/ g]kfnu~hdf lgdf0ff{wLg 

cj:yfdf /x]sf] cfOl;kLx?sf 

nflu pbfx/0f aGg] ljZjf; 

ef/tLo kIfn] lnPsf] 5 . 

o;cl3 g]kfn–ef/t 

5g\ . rf}sL ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 

jL/u~hsf] d'Vo gfsfdf /x]sf] 

jL/u~h eG;f/ sfof{no ToxL 

:yfgfGt/0f x'g]5 . PsLs[t 

hfFr rf}sL ;~rfngdf cfPkl5 

cfoft–lgof{tstf{n] sd ;dod} 

;xh ¿kdf j:t' cfoft–lgof{t 

ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . 

;jf/Lsf] rfksf sf/0f 

6«flkms hfd gx'g], eG;f/df 

x'g] u/]sf] rf]/L–k}7f/Ldf sdL 

cfpg] / /fhZj r'xfj6 klg 

/f]lsg] ;/sf/sf] ck]Iff 

/x]sf] 5 . pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf 

cfk"lt{dGqL dft[sf ofbjn] 

Jofkf/ k|j4{gsf nflu PsLs[t 

hfFr rf}sL dxTjk"0f{ sf]z]9'+uf 

ePsf] ;+lIfKt k|ltlqmof lbP . 

z'qmaf/ ef/tLo Jofkf/L;Fusf] 

5nkmndf klg k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nLn] jL/u~hdf PsLs[t hfFr 

rf}sL ;~rfng cfpg nfu]sf] 

/ To;n] pBf]uL–Joj;foLnfO{ 

kmfObf k'Ug] atfPsf lyP . 

wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] gfddf lxGb'wd{ ;dfKt kfg]{ v]n M yfkf 

lxGb' wdf{jfnDaL Ps h'6 eO{ ;r]t x'g'kg]{ 

atfP . pgn] lxGb' ;gftg wd{ kl/jt{g 

ub}{df cfly{s pGgtL x'G5, eGg] e|d 

km}nfOPsf] x'Fbf To;sf] kl5 gnfUg cfu|x 

klg u/] . em08f d]nf cfof]hs ;ldltsf 

cWoIf lji0f' b]jl;+xsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] 

sfo{qmddf e+uxf gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg 

;+3 ;+:yfsf, /fhlglts bnsf k|ltlglw / 

:yfgLoaf;Lsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . 

jL/uGhsf] PsLs[t hfFr rf}sL ;~rfngdf 

;Ldfdf /x]sf] d}qLk'nsf] af6f] 

u/L ;fdfg cfpg Ps xKtf 

nfUg] u/]sfdf ca cfOl;kL 

;~rfngdf cfPkl5 s]xL 

306fleq} g]kfn cfpg ;Sg] 

ePsfn] o;af6 g]kfn– 

ef/taLrsf] Jofkf/df gofF 

cfofd ylkg] ljZjf; pBf]uLx?sf] 

/x]sf] 5 . g]kfntkm{ cnf} tyf 

ef/ttkm{ kG6f]sf ufFpnfO{ 

5'g] u/L lgdf{0f ePsf] ;f] 

cfOl;kLaf/] cfk\mgf] wf/0ff /fVb} 

OG6/df]8n ljsf; ;ldltsf 

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs nId0faxfb'/ 

a:g]t tyf jL/u~h pBf]u 

jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf cf]dk|sfz 

zdf{n] nfdf] ;dosf] ;kgf k"/f 

ePsfn] o;af6 #) k|ltzt 

kf/jxfg vr{df sdL cfpg] 

ljZjf; lnPsf 5g\ . ef/taf6 

cfpg] dfnafxs 6«snufot 

;jf/L cfOl;kLsf] af6f] u/L 

;f]em} k/jfgLk'/ lg:sg] tyf 

k/jfgLk'/b]lv cfOl;kL x'Fb} 

ef/ttkm{ hfg ;Sg] Joj:yf 

ul/Psf] 5 . 

/rgfTds 5nkmn ePsf] hfgsf/L klg lbP . lat]sf b'O{ bzsdf 

ef/tn] xfl;n u/]sf] ljsf; / ;d[l4 g]kfnsf lglDt cj;/ ePsf] 

atfpFb} pgn] g]kfnLnfO{ …;'vLÚ t'Nofpg] cfkm\gf] k|of;df ef/taf6 

;Sbf] ;xof]u k|fKt x'g] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] 

ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f tyf :yn, hn / gedfu{af6 g]kfnnfO{ 

;Dks{ ;~hfndf ;dfj]z ug]{ cfkm\gf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ ef/tLo 

k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] ;d'b|;Ddsf] kx'Fr g]kfnnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] 

3f]if0ff ug'{ePsfdf xflb{s cfef/ JoQm u/] . 

g]kfnsf] pkof]u x'g g;s]sf] ckf/ hn;|f]tsf] ljsf;df 

nufgL ug{ ef/tsf lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qnfO{ cfXjfg u/]/ 

dflyNnf] s0ff{nL, c?0f t];|f], k~r]Zj/nufot ljzfn kl/of]hgfnfO{ 

ult lbg cfu|x u/] . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] b'a} b]zsf pmhf{ cfjZostf 

;Daf]wg ug{ pmhf{ a}+ssf] :yfkgf, gofF k|zf/0f nfOg lgdf{0f, af9L 

tyf 8'afg lgoGq0fnufot b'a} b]zsf hgtfn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofsf] 

pko'Qm ;dfwfgsf lglDt ;+o'Qm k|of; ug{ k|wfgdGqL df]bL ;xdt 

ePsf] atfP . k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] cfkm\gf] ;+efif0fsf] k|f/De g]kfnL 

efiffdf ub}{ cfkm\gf] …;a}sf] ;fy, ;a}sf] ljsf;Ú gf/f / cfkm\gf g]kfnL 

;dsIfLsf] …;d[4 g]kfn M ;'vL g]kfnLÚ gf/f Ps csf{sf kl/k"/s 

ePsf atfP . æhgtfsf] ;'v, zflGt / ;d[l4 xfd|f ;femf nIo x'g\, 

To;df g} xfdL s]lGb|t 5f}+, hgtfsf cfsf+Iff xfdL k"/f u5f}{+,Æ pgn] 

eg] – æg]kfnsf] ;dfj]zL ljsf;sf] ef/t ;fem]bf/ aGg]5 .Æ :yfgLo 

lgsfo, k|fGt / ;+3Lo ;+;b\sf] r'gfjnfO{ g]kfnsf] 7"nf] pknlAwsf 

¿kdf lrq0f ub}{ ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] /fhgLlts Oltxf;sf] 

gofF o'udf g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] atfP . 

g]kfnsf k|fyldstf / cfjZostfdf ef/tn] ;3fpF5 

k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s pGgog / ;d[l4sf] k|of;df 

k"0f{ ?kn] ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f 

u/]sf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf / cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t eP/ ;xfotf 

ug]{ atfP . æef/t / g]kfn s[lif k|wfg b]z x'g\, s[lif If]qdf gofF 

;fem]bf/L ug{ xfdL tof/ 5f}+, kz'kfng, df6f] k/LIf0f, s[lif lzIff 

/ s[lif cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u a9fpg]5f}+Æ – ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLn] 

3f]if0ff u/] . æ;u/dfyfsf] b]zsf] ca ;fu/;Dd ;Dks{ :yfkgf 

x'g]5,Æ ;d'b|;Dd g]kfnsf] kx'Fr :yfkgfdf ef/tn] ;3fpg] / g]kfn 

e"–kl/j]li6t b]z eP klg e"ldaf6 ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug{ ;Ifd /fi6« 

ag]sf] cfzo JoQm ub}{ pgn] eg] . cfkm\gf] dGtJo k'gM g]kfnL efiff 

d} ;dfkg ub}{ k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] lzIff, :jf:Yo, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, 

/Iff, ;'/Iffnufot hgs]lGb|t If]qdf lg/Gt/ ;xof]u j[l4 ug]{ 3f]if0ff 

klg u/] . 

g]kfn=== 

a]Unfa]Un} ;+o'Qm jQmJo klg hf/L eP . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] 

e|d0faf6 ax'cfoflds g]kfn–ef/t ;fem]bf/Ldf gofF cfofd 

ylkPsfdf b'j} b]zsf k|wfgdGqLn] ;xdlt hgfP . ef/t e|d0fsf 

lglDt ug{'ePsf] cfdGq0f / cfkm" g]t[Tjsf] k|ltlglwd08nk|lt 

] 

' ] ] 

la/fdLsf] klxnf] /f]hfO e/tk'/ c:ktfn 

lrtjg -h;_– zNolqmofkl5 tGt'sf] k/LIf0f b}lgs @) b]lv @% j6f 7"nf u/L ^)) zØof ;~rfng x'Fb} 

;/sf/L c:ktfnn] ;]jf lj:tf/ 

u/]kl5 lghL c:ktfn / d]l8sn 

sn]hnfO{ 6fpsf] b'vfO aGb} 

ug{] lx:6f] Kofyf]nf]hL ;]jf, l;6L 

:Sofg, PS;–/], lel8of] PS;–/] 

h:tf ;]jf klg c:ktfndf 

zNolqmof x'g] u/]sf] cWoIf 

/fhe08f/Ln] atfP . c:ktfnn] 

cfkm\g} clS;hg KnfG6 lgdf{0f 

cfPsf] o; c:ktfndf clwsf+z 

;do la/fdLn] zØof kfpg 

d'l:sn x'g] u/]sf] 5 . lbgfg'lbg 

uPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do ljlzi6 pknAw /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf u/L clS;hg pTkfbg z'? u/]sf] ylkFbf] la/fdLsf] rfknfO{ 

;]jf lj:tf/ u/]kl5 la/fdLsf] 

klxnf] /f]hfO e/tk'/ c:ktfn 

ag]sf] 5 h;sf sf/0f lghL 

cg';f/ @)) eGbf a9Lsf] lel8of] 

PS;–/] Ps} lbgdf ug{] ul/G5 . 

o;sf cltl/Qm /f]u lgwfgfTds 

5 . To;}u/L, c:ktfnn] cfkm\g} 

kmfd{];L ;~rfng u/L ;'ky 

d"Nodf cf}iflw laqmL ub{} cfPsf] 

Wofgdf /fv]/ c:ktfnn] zØof 

/ ;]jf lj:tf/ ub{} cfPsf] cWoIf 

/fhe08f/Ln] atfP . 

c:ktfn wfpg] la/fdL klg ;]jfsf ¿kdf PrcfOeL÷P8\;, 5 eg] ljB'tLo pks/0faf6 ut h]7 dlxgfdf 

e/tk'/ c:ktfn cfpg yfn]sf 

5g\ . lj;+ @)!# df :yfkgf 

dft[ lzz', kl/jf/ lgof]hg;Fu} 

;fdflhs ;]jf OsfO{ / aLdf 

n'uf w'g] / zj u[xnfO{ Jojl:yt 

¿kdf ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . 

c:ktfnsf] !) jif{] u'?of]hgf 

:jLs[t ePsf] lyof] . cfpFbf] 

ePsf] ;/sf/åf/f ;~rflnt sfo{qmddfkm{t c:ktfnn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] nfu" !) jif{leqdf c:ktfndf clt 

e/tk'/ c:ktfndf clxn] !$ ;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . c:ktfnn] u/]sf] ljkGg gful/s pkrf/ ljlzi6 ;]jf ;lxtsf] Ps xhf/ 

j6f ljefudfkm{t la/fdLn] z}lIfs sfo{qmdtkm{ k|df0fkq sf]ifcGtu{t x]8 OGh'/L, lduf}{nf, zØof / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d]l8sn 

;]jf kfO/x]sf 5g\ . c:ktfnsf 

d]l8sn ;'kl/G6]G8]G6 8f ?b| 

d/fl;gLsf cg';f/ d]l8l;g, 

tx gl;{ª / :gfts gl;{ªsf] 

k7gkf7g u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . 

o;sf ;fy} lrlsT;f lj1fg 

:kfOgn OGh'/L / d'6'/f]usf] 

pkrf/sf nflu ;"rLs[t eO{ 

oxfFaf6 sfd z'? ePsf] 5 . 

sn]h lgdf{0f ug{] nIo /flvPsf] 

5 . xfn c:ktfndf pknAw 

;]jf lhNnf / o; If]qsf lghL 

;h{/L, gfs–sfg–3fF6L, 5fnf, /fli6«o k|lti7fg -gfD;_df Pd8L pgsf cg';f/ sf7df8f}Fsf] c:ktfn / d]l8sn sn]hsf] 

:qL/f]u, afn/f]u h:tf ljlzi6 PdP;df cWoog ug{] ljBfyL{x¿ k|;"lt u[xkl5 ;a}eGbf a9L eGbf pRr:t/sf] ePsf] bfaL 

;]jf c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fpFb} k|of]ufTds sIffsf nflu k|;"lt u/fpg] c:ktfnsf ¿kdf /fhe08f/Lsf] 5 . oxL ultdf 

cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} Go"/f];h{/L, o;} c:ktfndf cfpg] u/]sf] e/tk'/ c:ktfn kg{] ub{5 . ut c:ktfn cufl8 a9fpg ;lsPdf 

sfl8{of] yf]/fl;; ef:s'n/ c:ktfnsf ;"rgf clwsf/L jif{ o; c:ktfndf !$ xhf/ s]xL jif{leqd} o; If]qsf la/fdLn] 

;h{/L, hf]gL{ k|Tof/f]k0f, Uof:6f] 

OG6/nf]hL, 8fOnfl;; h:tf 

clt ljlzi6 ;]jf klg c:ktfnn] 

pknAw u/fPsf] pgn] atfP . 

c:ktfndf @) zØofsf] 

;3g pkrf/ sIf, !* zØofsf] 

hg/n kf]i6 ck/]l6e jf8{, !@ 

zØofsf] k|;"lt kf]i6 ck/]l6e 

jf8{, !@ zØofsf] lzz' ;3g 

uf]kfn kf}8]nn] atfP . 

c:ktfn kl/;/df g} g]kfn 

;/sf/sf] tfnLd s]Gb|sf ¿kdf 

lgoldt tfnLd klg ;~rfng 

x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . k|;"lt;DaGwL 

tfnLd /fli6«o ¿kdf e/tk'/ 

c:ktfndf g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . 

c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf 

/fhs'df/ /fhe08f/Lsf cg';f/ 

dlxnfn] k|;"lt ;]jf lnPsf 

lyP . c:ktfnn] lbgfg'lbg clt 

ljlzi6 ;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] eGb} 

pgn] c:ktfnsf] u'?of]hgf 

cg';f/ P / aL Ans ;DkGg 

eO;s]sf] / ;L Anssf] lgdf{0f 

sfo{ z'? ePsf] hfgsf/L lbP . 

o;kl5 cfsl:ds / dft[ lzz[ 

pkrf/sf nflu 5'§} ejg lgdf{0f 

rsf{ z'Ns lt/]/ lghL c:ktfndf 

pkrf/ ug{ gkg{ pgn] atfP . 

/fhe08f/Ln] eg]], æ/fhwfgL aflx/ 

kfpg] ;a} ;'ljwf ca e/tk'/ 

c:ktfnn] lbg ;S5 .Æ c:ktfnn] 

;8s b'3{6gfdf k/]sf 3fOt]sf 

nflu klxnf] pkrf/ s]Gb|sf ¿kdf 

;"rLs[t u/L sfof{Gjog u/fpg 

:yfgLo k|zf;g;Fu cfu|x ub{ 

pkrf/ sIf / !^ zØofsf] lrtjg;lxt @@ lhNnfsf ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn cfPsf] 5 . lhNnfdf b'O{ lghL 

gjhft lzz' ;3g pkrf/ sIf la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfnn] ;/sf/sf] #)) zØof / c:ktfn d]l8sn sn]h / @) eGbf a9L 

;~rfngdf 5g\ . k|of]uzfnf, lgoldt ;]jf lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljsf; ;ldltsf] #)) zØof lghL c:ktfn /x]sf 5g\ . 

;+3Lo dGqfnon] klg ljBfno egf{ cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–lzIff, lj1fg tyf 

k|ljlw dGqfnon] kf7Øk':ts;lxt ljBfno 

egf{ cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o;Fu} ;+3Lo 

dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnon] 

klg ljBfno egf{ cleofg ;~rfng 

ug]{ ePsf] 5 . dGqfnon] :yfgLo txnfO{ 

cfufdL z}lIfs ;qsf nflu ljBfyL{ cleofg 

;~rfng ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] 5 . cfufdL 

j}zfv @ ut] ;a} :yfgLo txsf kbflwsf/L, 

j8fcWoIf, ;b:o;lxt sd{rf/LnfO{ 

cl3std ljBfyL{ ljBfnodf egf{ ug{sf 

nflu ljBfno egf{ ;~rfng ug{sf nflu 

lgb]{zg lbPsf] dGqfnosf k|jQmf ?b|l;+x 

tfdfªn] hfgsf/L u/fP . ljBfno txsf] 

jL/u~h -h;_ . k|b]z g+ 

@ sf] k;f{ lhNnfdf anfTsf/sf] 

36gf a9\b} uPkl5 k;f{ k|x/Ln] 

o:tf 36gfsf] Go"gLs/0f u/L 

ck/fwLnfO{ sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf 

Nofpg gjdhg' ;kmfof cleofg 

z'? u/]sf] 5 . SofDk; tyf 

ljBfno k9\g hfg] 3/df PSn} 

ePsf] df}sf 5f]kL 5fqfnfO{ 

lh:Sofpg] clZnn xs{t ug]{ 

tyf ha/h{:tLs/0fL ug]{ h:tf 

36gf a9]kl5 k;f{ k|x/Ln] 

o:tf ck/fw Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;f] 

cleofgsf] yfngL u/]sf] lhNnf 

k|x/L sfof{no k;f{sf k|jQmf 

b]vfOPsf] xflb{s cflty]ok|lt k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] cfk\mgf ef/tLo 

;dsIfL df]bLdf cfef/ JoQm u/] . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ef/tsf 

k|wfgdGqL df]bLnfO{ oyfzSo rfF8f] g]kfnsf] e|d0f ug{ cfdGq0f 

u/] . k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] e|d0fsf] cfdGq0fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/] . k|wfgdGqL 

df]bLsf] e|d0fsf] ldlt s"6gLlts dfWodaf6 clGtd?k lbOg]5 . 

ef/tsf=== 

o;cl3 ef/tsf] /fi6«klt ejgdf cfof]lht ljz]if ;df/f]xdf 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL cf]nLnfO{ ;Ddfg uf/t-uf8{ 

ckm cg/_ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nL / ef/tLo pk/fi6«klt gfo8'aLr e]6jftf{ 

ef/tsf] /fhsLo e|d0fdf /x]sf k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] 

ef/tsf pk/fi6«klt j]Fs}of gfo8';Fu e]6jftf{ u/]sf 5g\ . df}nfgf 

cfhfb /f]8l:yt pk/fi6«kltsf] lgjf;df k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] lzi6frf/ 

e]6jftf{ u/]sf x'g\ . o;kl5 k|wfgdGqL cf]nL ef/tLo /fi6«klt 

ejgdf kms]{/ ToxfFsf jl/i7 dGqLx?;Fu e]6jftf{ ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] 

5 . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLåf/f ufGwLk|lt >|4f~hln 

gofFlbNnL, ef/t ef/tsf] /fhsLo e|d0fdf /x]sf k|wfgdGqL 

s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] zlgaf/ laxfg gofF lbNnLsf] /fh3f6l:yt dxfTdf 

ufGwLsf] ;dflw:yndf k'u]/ pgk|lt >4f~hln ck{0f u/]sf lyP . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ;dflw:yndf k'iku'R5f ck{0f u/]sf lyP eg] 

ToxfF /x]sf] k'l:tsfdf x:tfIf/ / ufGwLk|lt >4f~hln;lxt pgsf] 

:d/0f u/] . >4f~hln k'l:tsfdf k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] n]v]sf lyP– 

dxfTdf ufGwL ef/tsf dfq geO ;+;f/s} cd/ JolQmTj x'g'x'G5, 

pgn] xfdLnfO{ k|]d, ;To / clx+;f l;sfpg'ePsf] 5, of] dfgj 

hftLsf] pRr u'0f xf] . 

j}b]lzs=== 

z}lIfs tYofª\s @)&$ cg';f/ k|fylds 

txdf %–( jif{ @ bzdna * k|ltzt / sIff 

! b]lv * ;Dd % b]lv !@ jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf 

& bzdna & k|ltzt ljBfyL{ ljBfnoeGbf 

aflx/ /x]sf 5g\ . 

;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqL nfnafa' 

kl08tsf] cWoIftfdf a;]sf] dGqL:t/Lo 

a}7sn] :yfgLo txnfO{ ljBfno egf{ cleofg 

;~rfng ug{ lg0f{o u/]kl5 lgb]{zg lbOPsf] 

pgn] atfP . ;+ljwfgsf] cg':f"rL * df 

cfwf/e"t / dfWoflds lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgsf] 

lhDdf :yfgLo txnfO{ lbPcg';f/ g} klxnf] 

k6s :yfgLo txn] ljBfyL{ egf{ cleofg 

;~rfng ug{ yfn]sf] xf] . ;fy} :yfgLo 

k|x/Låf/f gjdhg' ;kmfof cleofg 

tyf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs /fhg 

lnDa"n] atfP . ;f] cleofg 

cGtu{t j8f k|x/L sfof{nosf] 

6f]nLn] ljBfno tyf SofDk; 

hfg] 5fqfsf] af6f] 5]Sg], z/L/ 

5'g], lh:Sofpg] tyf b'/Jojxf/ 

ug]{ o'jfdfly lgu/fgL /fVg] 

tyf To:tf] clZnn lqmofsnfk 

ug]{ o'jfnfO{ kqmfp u/L sfg"gsf] 

bfo/fdf Nofpg] ePsf] 5 . 

pR5[+vn o'jfaf6 

b'/Jojxf/df k/]sL o'jtLn] 

nf]snfhsf sf/0f 36gfaf/] 

k|x/Ldf hfgsf/L gu/fpFbf 

o:tf cfk/flws k|j[ltsf o'jfsf] 

sfdbf/x?sf] xs lxtdf ;w} + snd rnfpg] atfpFb} ;dfhdfkm{t 

;/sf/ / a}b]lzs /f]huf/ Joj;foLnfO{ sfdbf/sf] xslxtdf sfd 

ug{ bafa lbg] atfP . …xfd|f] Wo]o j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf ljifonfO{ 

kqsfl/tfdfkm{t ;/sf/, Joj;foL tyf sfdbf/;Dd k'/\ofpg' / lgtL 

lgdf{0fdf ;/sf/nfO{ hfu?s agfpFb} ;du| If]qsf] pGgogdf ;xof]uLsf] 

e"ldsf lgjf{x ug' { xf]Ú, aufn]n] ] eg] . ;dfhn] cfkm\gf] p2]Zodf lg/Gt/ 

nflukg] { tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf/ If]qdf snd rnfpg] kqsf/x?sf] Ifdtf 

clej[l4sf nflu sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug] { hgfPsf] 5 . 

Pgcf/Pgn]=== 

ePsf] ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu 5nkmn u/L pQm 

cWoog k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ?k lbOg] / Ps …:k]zn k|kf]h e]lxsnÚ 

sf ?kdf Ps sDkgL v8f u/L nufgLsf] /sd hDdf ul/g] / 

pQm s+kgLn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfdf 

nufgL ug]{ ;+3sf] of]hgf 5 . 

dgf]an a9\g uPsfn] kLl8tn] 

k|x/LnfO{ va/ u/L cleofgnfO{ 

;kmn kf/L lbg k|x/Ln] ;a};Fu 

ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . sfg"gaf/] 

hfgsf/L gePsf] lzIffsf] cefj 

h:tf sf/0fn] o:tf] 36gfdf 

j[l4 xF'b} cfPsfn] ;f] cleofg 

;x/df dfq ;Lldt geP/ 

k;f{ lhNnfsf] ;'b"/ u|fdL0f 

If]qdf ;d]t ;~rfng ul/Psf] 

k;f{ k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 . lhNnf 

k|x/L sfof{no k;f{df xfn;Dd 

ha/h{:tL s/0fLsf] !@ j6f 

tyf ha/h{:tL s/0fL pBf]usf] 

;ftj6f d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\ . 

txsf sd{rf/LnfO{ j}zfv dlxgfsf] Ps lbg 

ljBfnodf ljBfyL{;Fu ljleGg lqmofsnfkdf 

;xeflutf hgfpg, :yfgLo txn ljBfyL{ 

egf{s} qmddf kf7Øk':ts pknAw u/fpg, 

k"0f{ egf{ cleofg ;kmn kfg{ gLltut 

tyf sfo{qmdut ?kdf Joj:yf ug{ klg 

lgb]{zg lbOPsf] 5 . lj1lKtdf ljBfno 

lzIffaf6 jl~rt /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ ljz]if 

sfo{qmddfkm{t egf{ u/fpg, lzIff;DaGwL /fli6«o 

k|lta4tf k"/f ug{ / ;Dej eP;Dd lzIfssf] 

O–xflh/L u/fpg klg lgb] {zg lbOPsf] 5 . 

o; jif{sf] egf{ cleofgsf nflu …xfdL ;a}sf] 

OR5f, clgjfo{ lgMz'Ns cfwf/e"t lzIffÚ cfbz{ 

jfSo to ul/Psf] 5 . 

lzIffdGqL / ;ft k|b]zsf 

dGqLaLr a}7s x'Fb} 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–lzIff, lj1fg 

tyf k|ljlwdGqL lul//fhdl0f 

kf]v/]nn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfcg';f/ 

lzIff If]qdf ;'wf/ / ;dGjoaf/] 

;ft} k|b]zsf ;fdflhs dfldnf 

dGqLx?;Fu cfOtaf/ a}7s 

cfof]hgf ug] { ePsf 5g\ . ;+3Lo 

;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/sf ljifout 

dGqLaLr cf}krfl/s 5nkmn x'g 

nfu]sf] of] klxnf]k6s xf] . dGqL 

kf]v/]nsf k| ]; ;+of]hs ;'gLn 

v8\sfsf cg';f/ ;f] a}7s 

l;+xb/af/l:yt dGqfnodf 

x'g]5 . pgLx?aLr ;fj{hlgs 

lzIffsf] ;'wf/, gofF sfg"g, cfpFbf] 

ljBfno :jfut u/]sf] 5 . 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf] @)&$÷!!÷!( df ;DkGg ljz]if jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] 

lg0f{o cg';f/ ;fljsf] sDkgL If]qklt lzjfhL l/on O:6]6 k|f=ln= 

-k|f=ln=g+=!^)^#^_ sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ rncrn ;DklQ tyf ltg'{ 

kg]{ s/ bfloTj÷cGo bfloTj cflb kl/jlt{t sDkgLn] ltg]{ Joxf]g]{ u/L 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 ;d]t ldlt @)&$÷!@÷@) ut]sf] lg0f{o 

cg';f/ sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L ;DkGg OG6]/Lo/ P08 xfplhª\u 

sDkgL k|f=ln= sfod ul/Psf] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

;DkGg OG6]/Lo/ P08 xfplhª\u sDkgL -k|f=ln=g+=!^)^#^_ 

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf–#@, sf7df8f}+–#

pkTosf 

pkTosfaf6 #$ d]l6«s 

6g kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– pkTosfsf gbL 

/ rqmky ;kmfO u/L #$ d]l6«s 6g 

kmf]x/ Jo:yfkg ul/of] . jfUdtL ;kmfO 

dxfcleofgsf] @%^cf} F xKtfdf cfh 

yfkfynL k'n If]qsf] gbL lsgf/df ;kmfO 

u/L cf7 d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ Jo:yfkg ul/of] . 

;kmfOdf clwsf/ ;DkGg jfUdtL ;Eotf 

PsLs[t ljsf; ;ldlt, g]kfnL ;]gf, 

g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L, d'lQmgfy ljsf; 

a+ }snufot ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] ;+:yfut 

;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . ;kmfO{df clwsf/ 

;DkGg jfUdtL ;ldltsf cWoIf g/]Gb|/fh 

a:g]t, jfUdtL ;kmfO ;b\efjgfb"t gflosf 

dlgiff sf]O/fnfnufot %%) eGbf a9L 

cleoGtfsf] ;lqmotf /x]sf] clwsf/ ;DkGg 

jfUdtL ;ldltsf k"j{;~rfns ;ldlt 

;b:o gf/fo0fs'df/ >]i7n] hfgsf/L 

lbP . lj;+ @)&) h]7 % ut] jfUdtL ;kmfO 

dxfcleofg z'? ePsf] xf] . dxfcleofgkl5 

pkTosfsf gbL / rqmkysf ;fy} b]zsf 

k|d'v zx/sf $% :yfgdf :jtM:km"t{¿kdf 

;kmfO cleofg z'? ePsf] 5 . 

u'Xo]Zj/Ldflysf] jfUdtL ;kmfOsf] 

@!&cf}F xKtfdf uf]s0f]{Zj/ gu/kflnsf–% 

l:yt ;fs'/f jfl6sf d'lgsf] gbL If]qdf 

;kmfO u/L Ps d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg 

eof] . ;kmfO;Fu} gbL lsgf/sf] au}Frf klg 

uf]8d]n ul/Psf] k'8f;}gL d}qL ;dfhsf 

cWoIf pQd k'8f;}gLn] atfP . ?b|dtL 

;kmfOsf] @!!cf}F xKtfdf /ftf]k'n–uf}zfnf– 

e08f/vfn pBfg–hojfu]Zj/L–sfnf]k'n– 

1fg]Zj/ x'Fb} cfgGb e}/j dlGb/;Dd 

hgr]tgfd"ns ;kmfO ul/of] . o;}u/L 

l;kmnl:yt e08f/vfn pBfg kl/;/df 

klg ljz]if ;kmfO u/L b'O{ d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ 

Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] cleoGtf /f]lxt lu/Ln] 

hfgsf/L lbP . ;kmfOkl5 cfgGbe}/j 

dlGb/ kl/;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf 

;f+;b uugs'df/ yfkfn] lj;+ @)&% nfO{ 

/fli6«o ;/;kmfO jif{ 3f]if0ff ug{ dfu u/] . 

;/;kmfO jif{ 3f]if0ffnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg 

j}zfv ! ut] 1fg]Zj/ cf]/fnf]b]lv rfjlxn 

rf]s;Dd hgr]tgfd"ns ;/;kmfO ¥ofnL 

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pgn] ;'gfP . 

;kmfOdf sf7df8f}F 

dxfgu/kflnsf–#) sf cWoIf bnaxfb'/ 

sfsL{nufot cleoGtfsf] klg pkl:ylt 

lyof] . ;kmfOdf ?b|dtL ;/f]sf/ ;dfh, 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f cleofg, k|l;l4 snf 

;d"xnufot ;+:yfsf] ;lqmotf lyof] . 

jfUdtLsf] ltnu+uf If]q ;kmfOsf] 

;d[l4sf nflu ;'zf;g ckl/xfo{ 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu k|efjsf/L ;'zf;g 

ckl/xfo{ ePsf] ;/f]sf/ ePsf lj1x?n] cf} FNofPsf 5g\ . af}l4s j[Q d~rn] 

cfh oxfF cfof]hgf u/]sf] …;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogkl5 b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4Ú 

ljifos cGt/lqmofsf jQmfn] ;d[l4 k|flKtsf nflu bL3{sfnLg u'?of]hgf agfO{ 

To;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu pko'Qm cfly{s k|0ffnLsf] cjnDag ul/ 

g'kg] {df hf]8 lbP . ;fy}, pgLx?n] ljsf; / ;d[l4af/] g]t[Tjn] efif0feGbf klg 

of]hgfa4 sfo{of]hgf, hgzlQm ljsf; tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg u/L o'4:t/df 

sfo{;Dkfbg ul/g'kg]{ ;'emfP . sfo{qmddf k"j{ d'Vo;lrj 8f ljdn sf]O/fnfn] 

d'n'sdf pknAw ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] plrt Joj:yfkg / kl/rfnglagf 

efif0f / gf/fn] dfq ;d[l4 xfl;n gx'g] ts{ u/] . zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ 

gcfP;Dd cfly{s ;d[l4 ;Dej g/x]sf] eGb} pgn] ;Lldt ;Defjgf ePsf] 

d'n's g]kfnsf] rnfvLk"0f{ 9+un] clws cfly{sLs/0f u/]/ ;d[l4sf] lbzfdf 

cl3 a9\g'kg] {df hf]8 lbP . æ;d[l4 /6fgn] dfq x' Fb}g, ;d[l4 s;sf nflu 

s]sf lglDt dxTjk"0f{ xf] ;'zf;g k|efjsf/L / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL geOsg 

7"nf cfsf+Iffn] dfq ;d[l4 x' Fb}g To;sf nflu ljsf; / ;d[l4sf of]hgfa4 

sfo{qmd / k|lta4tf Jojxf/df ptfg{ h?/L 5Æ, k"j{ d'Vo;lrj sf]O/fnfn] 

eg] . OlGhlgo/ uf]ljGb zdf{ kf]v/]nn] s[lif, pmhf{, ko{6gh:tf dxTjk"0f{ 

If]qsf 7"nf cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf ;fy sfdnfO{ cl3 

a9fOg'kg] { vfFRff] cf} FNofP . pgn] ljb]zL nufgL a9fP/ dfq g]kfnL cfof]hgfaf6 

nfe lng g;lsg] eGb} s'g} kl/of]hgfdf nufgL ug' { klxnf kof{Kt u[xsfo{ 

u/]/dfq 7"nf cfof]hgfdf ljb]zL nufgL leqØfOg'k5{ eg] ] . dfgjflwsf/sdL{ 

;'af]w/fh Kofs'/]nn] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu wgL / ul/aaLrsf] vf8n cGTo 

u/L ;'zf;gnfO{ ;do;fk]If ;'b[9 t'NofOg' kg] { vfFrf] cf} FNofP . ljsf;ljb\ 

t]haxfb'/ 9sfnn] …hgtfsf] ;d[l4Ú ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ub} { ;d[l4sf] 

;femf kl/efiff, ;"rs / kl/;"rs lgSof] {n u/L bL3{sfnLg u'?of]hgfsf ;fy 

To;sf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] cfwf/ tof/ ul/g'kg]{df hf]8 lbP . 

uf]/vsfnL /a/ pBf]u v'nfpg dfu 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– ljz]if ;dodf ;b:o wg~ho bjf8Ln] ljB't\ 

ljt/0f k|0ffnL k|efjsf/L aGg g;Sbf ;d:of k/]sf] atfP . ;b:o 

s[i0frGb| g]kfnLn] ;fdflhs kl/rflnsfsf ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf ;d:of 

;dfwfgdf kxn ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . DofUbLsf ljgf]bs'df/ 

s];Ln] gldNbf] e"uf]n ljefhg nufotsf sf/0faf6 lxhf] kfPsf 

;]jf ;'ljwf klg gkfpg] cj:yf cfPsf] atfP . afUn'ªsf 6]saxfb'/ 

3tL{n] 9f]/kf6g lzsf/ cf/Ifdf p7\g] /fh:j :yfgLo Pjd\ k|b]z txdf 

cfpg'kg] { wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . uf]/vfsf xl/z/0f cfrfo{n] aGb uf]/vsfnL 

/a/ pBf]u v'nfpg Wofgfsif{0f u/fP .gjnk'/sf ;b:o /f]zgaxfb'/ ufxf 

yfkfn] gjnk'/ lhNnf sfod u/L ;b/d'sfd sfjf;f]tL to ul/g'kg] { wf/0ff 

/fv] . tgx' Fsf bf]af6] ljZjsdf{n] Jof; – !) df /x]sf] Ps xhf/ %)) /f]kgL 

;fj{hlgs hUufnfO{ cf}Bf]lus If]qsf ?kdf ljsf; ug{ dfu u/]] . sf:sLsf 

dgaxfb'/ u'?ªn] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpg] h:tf ;d:ofk|lt Wofgsif{0f u/fP. 

!^!cf}F xKtfdf hgr]tgfd"ns ;kmfO 

cleofg ;~rfng ul/of] . gbLdf 

jfUdtL ;f}GboL{s/0fsf] sfo{ eO/x]sfn] 

hgr]tgfd"ns cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] 

xf] . dgf]x/f gbL ;kmfOsf] %%cf}F xKtfdf 

dxfgu/kflnsf–#@ l:yt h8La'6L If]qsf] 

lsgf/df ;kmfO u/L b'O{ d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ 

Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] cleoGtf rGb|k|;fb 

b+ufnn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;kmfOdf !)) 

eGbf a9L cleoGtfsf] ;lqmotf lyof] . 

rqmky ;kmfOsf] %@cf}F xKtfdf cfh 

?b|dtL k'naf6 rfjlxnrf]s;Dd ;kmfO 

u/L !* d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg 

ul/Psf] cleoGtf nf]saxfb'/ 608gn] 

/f;;nfO{ hfgsf/L lbP . ;kmfOdf tLgj6} 

;'/Iff lgsfo, lu|g l;6L c:ktfn, g]K;] Dofs 

k|fln nufotsf] ;+:yfut ;xeflutf;lxt 

$%) cleoGtfsf] ;lqmotf lyof] . ;kmfOsf 

qmddf ;8s bfofFafofF lsgf/df y'kfl/Psf] 

df6f]sf] l9:sf] 8f]h/ nufP/ eTsfOof] . 

;kmfOdf dxfgu/kflnsf–& sf cWoIf 

z'4s'df/ 8+uf]nsf] klg ;xeflutf lyof] . 

dLgejg If]qsf] cfnf]sgu/ ;kmfOsf] %@ 

cf} F xKtfdf cfh To; If]qdf ;kmfO u/L 

Ps d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ul/of] . 

rqmky afkmn v08 ;kmfOsf] #$cf}F 

xKtfdf sn+sL rf]s If]qdf ;kmfO u/L 

b'O{ d]l6«s 6g kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 

;kmfO ;+of]hs tf/faxfb'/ s'Fj/n] ;'gfP . 

;kmfOsf qmddf df]afOndf l/rfh{ u/]/ 

kmflnPsf / ;'tL{sf] vf]n a9L /x]sf] pgn] 

atfP . 

gof“ jif{df gof“ a;kfs{ ;8s dxf]T;j 

sf7df8f}F -h;_–…;8sdf 

vfcf}F, ;8sdf /dfcf}F, cfGtl/s 

tyf afXo ko{6s k|j4{g 

u/f}FÚ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy 

oxfF k|yd gofF a;kfs{ ;8s 

dxf]T;j x'g] ePsf] 5 . 

sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf–@^, 

6f]vf gu/kflnsf–(, ldqgu/ 

ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ ;ldlt, g]kfnL 

xf]6n Joj;foL ;+3, sf7df8f}F 

;6/ Joj;foL ;+3, dxfgu/Lo 

k|x/L k|efu gofF a;kfs{, ;+o'Qm 

oftfoft Joj;foL ;+3nufot 

!& ;+3;+:yfsf] cfof]hgfdf gofF 

jif{sf] cj;/df r}t #) / j}zfv 

! df gofF a;kfs{ ;8s dxf]T;j 

x'g] ldqgu/ ljsf; tyf ;'wf/ 

;ldltsf cWoIf Pj+ dxf]T;jsf 

;+of]hs lji0f' kf]v/]nn] atfP . 

e"sDkn] hL0f{ gofF a;kfs{ 

If]qnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g 

Nofpgsf nflu dxf]T;j 

cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] atfPFb} 

pgn]] eg]], æe"sDkkZrft\ 

gofF a;kfs{ If]qdf cfGtl/s 

tyf afXo ko{6s 36]sf]] 

cj:yfdf k'gMlgdf{0f eO;s]sf] 

/ o; If]q ko{6sLo lx;fan] 

pko'Qm 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg 

dxf]T;j cfof]hgf u/]sf 

xf}F . Æ dxf]T;jdf ;8sd} 

ljleGg vfgf tyf j:t'sf 

sIf /xg] / Vofltk|fKt 

snfsf/af6 nf]sbf]xf]/L 

tyf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd x'g] 

cfof]hsn] hgfPsf] 5 . o:t} 

/flt !@ ah] k6fsf k8\sfP/ gofF 

jif{nfO{ :jfut ul/g]5 . dxf]T;j 

cfof]hs ;ldltsf ;lrj e]if/fh 

e§/fO{n] dxf]T;j ;kmn agfpg 

cfly{s, k|rf/k|;f/, ;'/Iff, sIf 

ljt/0f, 6«flkms Joj:yfkg, 

:jo+;]js, snfsf/ tyf ;fp08 

l;i6d / cg'udg pk;ldlt 

agfOPsf] hfgsf/L lbP . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu 

xfdL sxf“ l;wf} ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL 

tkfO{sf] Ifdtf cg';f/sf] 

/f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– kl5Nnf] 

k6s sd pd]/df x'g] ljjfx 

emg\ emg\ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . 

s]Gb|Lo afnsNof0f ;ldltsf 

cg';f/ rf/ dlxgfdf !$ 

lhNnfdf $) afnljjfx ePsf 

36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ . ut 

d+l;/b]lv kmfu'g;Dd ljleGg 

;~rf/dfWoddf k|sflzt 

;dfrf/nfO{ cWoog ubf{ ;a}eGbf 

a9L a}t8Ldf !@ 36gf k|sfzdf 

cfPsf 5g\ . cfj @)&$÷)&% 

sf] k|yd rf/ dlxgf -;fpgb]lv 

sflQs_ df #@ afnljjfx ePsf 

lyP . To;}u/L cfj @)&#÷)&$ 

df ^^ afnljjfx ePsf 36gf 

k|sfzgdf cfPsf lyP . o;af6 

afnljjfxsf] 36gfdf emg\ 

emg\ j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . 

k|sfzdf gcfPsf afnljjfxsf 

36gf cem a9L x'g;Sg] 

cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;ldltsf 

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tf/s lwtfnn] 

afnljjfxsf 36gfsf] juL{s/0f 

ubf{ afns / aflnsf b'j}n] 

pd]/ gk'Ub} ljjfx u/]sf] 36gf 

;a}eGbf a9L x'g] u/]sf] hfgsf/L 

lbP . 

;f]cGtu{t %) 

k|ltzt ljjfx -@) 36gf_ 

afnaflnsfaLr ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

To;}u/L aflnsf / jois 

k'?ifaLr $% k|ltzt -!* 36gf_ 

ljjfx ePsf] 5 eg] % k|ltzt 

-@ 36gf_ cgd]n -j[4;Fu_ 

ljjfx ePsf] 5 . afnljjfxsf 

#@ 36gfdWo] cleefjsåf/f 

@)&$ r}t @% ut], cfOtaf/ 


#% k|ltzt -!$ 36gf_ / efuL 

ljjfx ^% k|ltzt -@^ 36gf_ 

ePsf] 5 . efuL ljjfxsf 

36gfnfO{ x]bf{ ;fdflhs ;~hfn 

/ km];a'sdfkm{t pd]/ gk'Ub} 

ljjfx x'g] u/]sf 36gf k|sfzdf 

cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] 

rf/ dlxgfdf k|sfzdf cfPsf 

$) afnljjfxsf 36gfdWo] 

a}t8Ldf !@, aemfªdf ;ft, 

c5fd, hfh/sf]6, dsjfgk'/ / 

sfnLsf]6df tLg tLg, :ofª\hfdf 

b'O{, ?kGb]xL, emfkf, /f]Nkf, 

l;Gw'nL , 8f]6L , ;f]n'v'Da'[ / 

bf]nvfdf Ps Ps afnljjfxsf 

36gf ePsf 5g\ . 

g]kfn k|x/L, dlxnf tyf 

afnaflnsf ;]jf lgb]{zgfnosf 

cg';f/ cfj @)&#÷)&$ 

df afnljjfx 36gf;DaGwL 

@^ ph'/L k/]sf lyP . pQm 

cjlwdf ;~rf/dfWoddf eg] 

^^ 36gf k|sfzdf cfPsf 

lyP . o;af6 sfg"gL sf/jfxLdf 

lgs} sd dfq} afnljjfxsf 

36gf kg]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . 

afnljjfxaf/] ph'/L g} gx'g] 

;d:of afnljjfx Go"gLs/0fsf 

nflu d'Vo r'gf}tLsf ?kdf /x]sf] 

5 . s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg 

tyf vf/]h ug]{ P]g, @)&@ åf/f 

;fljs d'n'sL P]gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ 

;+zf]wg u/L ljjfxsf] Go"gtd 

pd]/ @) jif{ tf]lsPsf] 5 . 

afnljjfx pRr /x]sf d'n'sdWo] 

g]kfn cu|k+lQmdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . 

blnt dlxnf s]Gb|sf cWoIf uf}/f 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/Lsf] nflu xfdL sxf“ 

l;wf} ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL 

tkfO{sf] Ifdtf cg';f/sf] 

/f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

# 

emg\–emg\ a9\b} 5 afnljjfx 

g]kfnL ;d'bfodf k|rlnt s'k|yf, 

;r]tgfsf] sdL / clzIffsf 

sf/0f afnljjfx a9\b} uPsf] 

lhls/ ul/g\ . 

g]kfndf k|To]s jif{ !) 

jif{d'lgsf ;/b/ Ps nfv #* 

xhf/ afnaflnsfsf] ljjfx 

x'g] u/]sf] tYof+s 5 . /fli6«o 

hgu0fgf, @)^* cg';f/ 

g]kfndf s"n afnljjfx ;+Vofdf 

klg k|ltjif{ ;/b/ Ps nfv 

!% xhf/ aflnsfsf] ljjfx x'g] 

u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L k|To]s jif{ 

s'n hg;+Vofsf] $# nfveGbf 

a9L !% b]lv !( jif{d'lgsf 

lszf]/Lsf] ljjfx x'g] u/]sf] 

5 . l;ljg g]kfnsf k|jQmf 

s'df/ e§/fO{n] afnljjfx 

lbgk|lt lbg a9\b} uPsf] / 

To;nfO{ hgr]tgfdfkm{t 

Go"gLs/0f ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff 

/fv] . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] 

sfo{;"rL -;g\ @)!^–#)_ df 

afnljjfx cGTo ug]{ ljifonfO{ 

k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dfj]z 

ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @)#) ;Dd 

afnljjfx cGTo ug{ to 

ul/Psf] /fli6«o /0fgLlt, @)&@ 

sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ljleGg 

dGqfno / ;/f]sf/ ePsf 

;+3;+:yfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 

x'G5 . s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefusf] 

kk'n]zg df]gf]u|fkm ;g\ @)!$, 

efu @ -;fdflhs hg;f+lVosL_ 

cg';f/ !) b]lv !* jif{ pd]/sf 

afnaflnsfdWo] @^=# k|ltztsf] 

ljjfx ePsf] b]lvG5 . 

Lifeline Overseas Pvt. Ltd 

(An ISO 9001: 2015 Certified Company) 

GPO BOX 2002, EPC 5961 Gongabu, Kathmandu, Nepal 

Tel: +977-1-4364865, 4389522, 4389188 

Fax : 977-1-4386141, Web: www.lifelineoverseas.com


Sunday 8 April 2018 

;DkfbsLo 

;DaGw gofF af6f]df 

b'O{ lbgotf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]nL ef/t e|d0fdf 

5g\ . o;}qmddf g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL / ef/tsf k|wfgdGqLn] 

zlgaf/ b'O{ b]zaLrsf] cf}krfl/s e]6jftf{ u/] / ljleGg 

;Demf}tf u/] . ef/tlo gfsfaGbLotf lrl;Psf] elgPsf] g]kfn 

/ ef/taLrsf] ;DaGw cf]nLsf] e|d0fkl5 gofF 9+un] cl3 a9g] 

ck]Iff b'j} b]zsf] 5 . e]6jftf{kl5sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf bj} b]zsf 

k|wfgdGqLn] b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;dfgtf, cfk;L ljZjf;, 

nfe / ;Ddfgsf cfwf/df gofF prfOdf k'of{pg] k|lta4tf JoQm 

u/]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] lgdGq0ffdf 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLsf] hf/L ef/tsf] tLglbg] /fhsLo 

e|d0fsf l;nl;nfdf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm jQmJodf To:tf] 

k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 . 

b'j} b]zsf k|wfgdGqLn] ax'cfoflds g]kfn–ef/t ;DaaGwsf 

;a} kIfdf ;dLIff ug{'sf ;fy} b'O{ b]zsf ;/sf/, lghL If]q / 

hg:t/df emf+luPsf] ;fem]bf/Lsf] :jfut ub}{ ;femf P]ltxfl;s 

tyf ;f+:s[lts ;DaGw / hgtf–hgtfaLrsf] ;Dks{df cfwfl/t 

d}qLk"0f{ Pj+ ;lGgs6sf] g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf] ;'b[9 cfwf/lznfsf] 

:d/0f ub}{ lgoldt?kdf pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts e]63f6 / ljrf/ 

cfbfgk|bfgaf6 g} låkIfLo ;DaGw yk k|uf9 x'g]df dt}Sotf k|s6 

u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ef/t;Fusf] d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwnfO{ 

yk ;'b[9 t'Nofpg pRr dxTj lbPsf] atfpFb} låkIfLo ;DaGwnfO{ 

ef/tsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4af6 g]kfnsf] cfly{s ?kfGt/0f / 

pGgogdf lj:tf/ ug{ rfx]sf] k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] pNn]v u/]sf] 

jQmJodf hgfOPsf] 5 . afx|a'Fb] ;+o'Qm jQmJocg';f/ k|wfgdGqL 

df]bLn] cfk\mgf g]kfnL ;dsIfL cf]nLnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 

k|fyldstfcg';f/ ef/tn] ;3fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf 5g\ / 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] …;a}sf] ;fy ;a}sf] ljsf;Ú b[li6sf]0f ;dfj]zL 

ljsf; / ;d[l4sf lglDt l5d]sL;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ dfu{ lgb]{zs 

gLlts} ?kdf /x]sf] klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] 

o'ufGtsf/L /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] …;d[4 

g]kfn M ;'vL g]kfnLÚ eGg] l;4fGtsf ;fy cfly{s ?kfGt/0fnfO{ 

k|fyldstf lbPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

df]bLn] :yfgLo tx, ;+3Lo ;+;b / klxnf] k|fGtLo 

lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/]sfdf g]kfnL hgtf / g]kfn 

;/sf/k|lt xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ g]kfn / g]kfnLn] b]zsf] 

ljsf; / :yfloTjsf nflu lnPsf] b"/b[li6sf] ;/xfgf u/]sf 

5g\ . cf]nL e|d0fdf b'j} k|wfgdGqLn] jL/u~hl:yt PsLs[t hfFr 

rf}sLsf] pb\3f6g, ef/tsf] df]tLxf/L– cdn]vu~h ;Ldfkf/ 

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ kfOknfOg la5\ofpg] kl/of]hgf sfof{/Desf] 

…lel8of]Ú ;Dd]ngdfkm{t cjnf]sg;d]t u/]/ b'O{ b]zalr ;xsfo{sf] 

;Gb]z lbPsf 5g\ . o:t} g]kfndf ;~rflnt ljsf;sf låkIfLo 

kl/of]hgfnfO{ b|'t ultdf sfof{Gjog ug{'kg]{ / g]kfn–ef/t 

;DaGwsf ljljw If]qsf ;xof]usf sfo{;"rLnfO{ nfu" ug]{ ljBdfg 

;+oGqnfO{ k'g{hLljt ug{'kg]{df k|wfgdGqLåon] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . 

o;}ul/ s[lif If]qdf g]kfn / ef/taLr gofF ;fem]bf/L aGg'sf 

;fy} /]n ;]jfaf6 sf7df8f}FnfO{ ef/tsf] /S;f}n;Fu hf]8\g] / 

hndfu{af6 ;d]t b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;Dks{ lj:tf/ ug]{ kf/:kl/s 

lxtsf tLgj6f a]Unfa]Un} ;+o'Qm jQmJo klg hf/L ePsf 5g\ . 

lgs} dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf oL tLg ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s] g]kfn / 

ef/tsf] ;DaGw gof“ prfO{df k'Ug] b]lvG5 . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] 

e|d0faf6 ax'cfoflds g]kfn–ef/t ;fem]bf/Ldf gofF cfofd 

ylkPsfdf b'j} b]zsf k|wfgdGqLn] ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\ . kSs} 

klg cf]nLsf] e|d0fn] clxn]sf] b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ yk 

kl/dflh{t, kl/:s[t / ;dofg's'n agfpg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . 

/flzkmn 

d]if 

j[if 

ldy'g 

ss{6 

l;+x 

sGof 

t'nf 

j[lZrs 

wg' 

ds/ 

s'De 

dLg 

Hof]= k+= s]bf/k|;fb e08f/L 

(*$!(##)$%÷(*!*#@%&#% 

sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+ 

Joy{sf] vr{ 

kfl/jfl/s ;'v nfe 

sfo{ l;4L 

wg nfe 

;Ddfgdf rf]6 

/f]u JofwLsf] eo 

sfo{ ;kmn ;Gtf]if 

sfo{ gf;, eo 

cfFvfdf ;d:of 

laafb lrGtf 

lg/y{s vr{ 

pkxf/ k|fKt 

cg'/f]w 

xfd|f] k|of; tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 < tkfO{sf u'gf;f], 

cfnf]rgf / ;'emfjn] hg;jfnnfO{ :t/Lo aGg / ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g 

;xof]u ug]{5 . To;}n] xfdL tkfO{+sf] /rgfTds cfnf]rgf / cd"No 

;'emfjsf] ck]Iff u5f}{+, s[kof n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'xf];\ . n]Vg'xf];\, 

d'n'ssf ;d;fdlos 36gfqmdk|ltsf] cfk\mgf] k|ltlqmof, n]v /rgf;Fu} 

cfk\mgf] :ki6 kl/ro / tl:a/ klg tnsf] 7]ugfdf k7fpg' xf]nf . 

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b'O{ jif{df bf];|f] k6s g]kfnsf 

k|wfgdGqL ag]sf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL bf];|f] k6s 

g} ef/tsf] /fhsLo e|d0fdf r}t @# b]lv @% 

;Dd l5d]sL /fi6«sf] /fhwfgL gofF lbNnLdf 

/xg'x'g]5 . k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] o; k6ssf] 

ef/t e|d0faf6 g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGwsf] 

;'b[9Ls/0f / g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 tyf 

ljsf;df gofF cfofd ylkg] cfdljZjf; 5 . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLsf] /fhsLo e|d0f k|ltkmnsf 

b[li6n] klxn] klxn]h;/L s]jn ;b\efjgf 

e|d0f h:tf]d} ;Í'lrt /xg ;Qm}g . of] 

e|d0fsf qmddf ef/tsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff / 

:jfy{dfly g]kfnn] ;+j]bgzLn eP/ Wofg 

k'¥ofpg' :jefljs} x'g]5 t/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o 

:jfy{ / ;'/Iffsf] …s:6Ú -d"No_ df eg] xf]Og . 

;txdf x]bf{ g]kfn / ef/t ;a}eGbf glhssf 

ldq/fi6« x'G, l;dfgf eP/ klg …l;dfgfljxLgÚ 

h:t} 5g\ . g]kfn / ef/t b'j} b]zsf] 

;du| kIfdf ljut ^ bzsdf o'ufGtsf/L 

kl/jt{gx¿ cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn / ef/tdf 

;do, ;d[l4, zf;sLo :j¿k / kfqx¿df w}/} 

kl/jt{g cfO;s]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts, cfly{s, 

;fdflhs, ;'/Iff / s"6gLlts dfgsx¿d} 

cfwf/e"t km]/abn ePsf 5g\ . 

@)$^ ;fndf ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf] 

k'g:yf{kgf / @))^ ;fndf ;‹Lo 

u0ftGqdf d'n'sn] kbfk{0f u/L @* j6f 

;/sf/ / !$ j6f k|wfgdGqL km]l/O;Sbf 

klg g]kfn–ef/t ;DaGw h'g 7fpFdf c8\s]/ 

a;]sf] -…:6ofUg];gÚ df_ lyof], clxn] klg 

ToxLF 7fpFdf cl8Psf] b]lvG5 . o; cy{df, 

cfh;Dd g]kfndf h'g;'s} k|s[lt / tfutsf] 

;/sf/sf sfo{sf/L k|d'vn] ef/tsf] e|d0f 

u/] klg ;g\ !(%) sf] g]kfn–ef/t zflGt 

tyf d}qL ;lGwåf/f ;d]l6Psf] If]qflwsf/ 

cGtu{ts} rqm …lel;P; ;s{nÚd} cfhko{Gt 

b'O{ b]zsf] ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] 5 . ;DaGwsf] 

g ljsf; ePsf] 5, g t cljsf; g} . of] 

oyfl:yltdf kl/jt{g e|d0fsf] ;jf]{kl/ zt{ 

x'g'k5{ . ulxl/P/ x]bf{, lgs6:y l5d]sL 

ePsf] gftfn] g]kfn / ef/taLrsf] ;DaGwdf 

ljutb]lv g} lg/Gt/ ;'wf/ x'Fb} hfg'kg]{ xf] . 

t/ ;f]r] h:tf] ePsf] 5}g . ljutb]lvsf 

yfFtL /x]sf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ;d:of / k/:k/ 

cfzÍfsf] afbn lxhf]eGbf cfhsf lbgdf 

yk a9\b} uPsf] 5, ylkFb}uPsf] 5 . ;Ldf 

cltqmd0f, uf]vf{ ;]gf etL{, gful/stfsf] 

k|Zg, lgjf{w kf/jfxg ;'ljwf, hnljB'tsf] 

ljsf; / kfgLsf] …;]ol/ªÚ, dfgj t:s/L, 

df};d kl/jt{g, g]kfndf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f 

cflb ljifox¿ x/]s k|wfgdGqLsf] e|d0fdf 

Ph]G8f /xg] t/ slxNo} lgSof]{n gePsf 

ljrf/ 

ef/t e|d0f M cf]nLsf] k/LIff 

uPsf] dfr{ !( df ?;sf] /fi6«klt 

kbdf k'gM jt{dfg /fi6«klt Enflbld/ k'l6g 

g} lgjf{lrt ePsf] ;dfrf/ cfof] . of] 

;dfrf/n] neue ljZjd} rrf{ kfof] . uPsf] 

s/La b'O{ bzsb]lv zlQmsf] s]Gb|d} /x]sf pxfF 

km]l/ /fi6«kltdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] ;dfrf/n] 

;+;f/d} rrf{ kfpg' s'g} gf}nf] lyPg . o;n] 

?;sf ;fem]bf/ / ljZjsf zlQm /fi6«df klg 

yk ;Gb]z lbof] . t/ klg pxfFsf] lhtkl5sf] 

of] zlQmzfnL ;dfrf/;Fu} ?;dfly s"6gLlts 

r'gf}tL a9]sf] csf{] ;dfrf/ klg To;}u/L 

km}lnO/x]sf] 5 . of] csf{] Ps cGt/f{li6«o k|d'v 

;dfrf/sf ¿kdf ljZjsf ;~rf/dfWoddf 

5fPsf] 5 . ?;sf s"6gLlt1nfO{ ljZjsf 

ljleGg b]zn] lkmtf{ u/]kl5sf] ;dfrf/ xf] Tof] 

h;n] k'l6gsf] lhtkl5 cfhsf lbg;Dd klg 

?;nfO{ em:sfPsf] 5 . 

\k'l6gn] &^ k|ltzt dtn] csf{] 

sfo{sfnsf nflu lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] . pxfFsf 

lgs6td k|ltåGåLsf] t'ngfdf lgs} g} a9L dt 

NofO{ rf}yf] k6s ?;sf] /fi6«klt aGg' ePsf 

k'l6gnfO{ ljZjs} g]tfx¿n] awfO{ t lbP t/ 

To;;Fu} s"6gLlts r'gf}tLx¿ klg ylklbP . 

pgLx¿n] ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]z lgsfnf 

u/]/ r'gf}tL ylkP / /fd|f];Fu pxfFsf] rf}yf] 

sfo{sfnsf] ;'?jftsf] v'l;ofnL klg dgfpg 

lbPgg\ . ;g\ !((( b]lv g} ?;sf] /fi6«kltsf 

¿kdf b]zsf] g]t[Tj ub{} cfpg'ePsf k'l6gn] 

;Gf\ @)!@ sf] t'ngfdf klg a9L k|ltzt dt 

k|fKt u/L ?;leq} klg o;cl3sf r'gfjsf] 

t'ngfdf a9L g} nf]slk|otf sdfpg' ePsf] 

pxfFsf ;dy{ssf] egfO 5 . t/ cfkm\gf] 

k|ltåGåLsf t'ngfdf 7"nf] dtfGt/df ePsf] 

pxfFsf] of] ljho eg] cg';fGwfgsf] ljifo 

ePsf] pxfFsf ljkIfLx¿sf] egfO /x]sf] 5 . 

pxfFsf] ljhosf] ;dfrf/sf] nueu ;Fu;Fu} 

h:tf]u/L cd]l/sfn] ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]z 

lgsfnfsf] cfb]z lbPsf] lbof] . of] cfb]zn] 

ljZjdf g} ?;nfO{ 7"nf] rf]6 k'Uof] . t/ Toltdf 

dfq ;Lldt g/x]/ c¿ b]zn] klg cd]l/sfsf] 

l;sf] u/] / pgLx¿n] ?;sf s"6gLlt1x¿nfO{ 

lgsfnf ug{] k|lqmofsf] z'?jft u/] . 

a]nfotn] Ps hgf k"j{?;L u'Ktr/ 

ljifo;"rLsf] Ps ;fgf] c+z xf] . o:tf 

kf/:kfl/s hl6ntfx¿sf] ufF7f] gkm'sfn];Dd, 

låkIfLo ;DaGwdf cfoflds ¿kfGt/0f jf 

…Kof/f8fOd l;k\m6Ú Nofpg ;DejM 5}g . 

o;df k|wfgdGqL cf]nLhL :ki6 x'g h?/L 

5 . l;dfgfljxLg k|fs[lts ljkb\ / df};d 

kl/jt{gsf If]qdf g]kfn, ef/t / rLgsf] 

;fd"lxs k|of;sf] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf 

5 . t;y{ jt{dfg e|d0fsf qmddf cf]nLn] 

;j{k|yd ef/tnfO{ lqkIfLo ;dembf/Lsf] 

ljGb'df Nofpg /fhgLlts txaf6} kxn 

ug{'k5{ . o;af6 tL b]z / g]kfnsf] ;d]t 

/fli6«o :jfy{ / ;'/Iff ;Da4{g x'g ;S5 . 

klxNo]sf k|wfgdGqLsf] eGbf k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nLsf] e|d0f b'O6f sf/0fn] km/s 5 . klxnf] 

s'/f, cf]nL g]kfnsf] ;+;bsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt 

k|fKt k|wfgdGqLsf] …DofG8]6Ú lnP/ ef/t hfFb} 

x'g'x'G5 . bf];|f] s'/f, g]kfndf gofF ;+ljwfg nfu" 

ePkl5 / ef/tLo cfly{s gfsfaGbL v]k]sf 

k|wfgdGqLx¿dWo] s]kL cf]nL Ps dfq ckjfb 

x'g'x'G5, h;nfO{ ef/tdf km]l/ :jfut ul/Fb}5 . 

;g\ !(^(, !(*( / @)!% df g]kfnlj?4 

gfsfaGbL nufOPsf] lyof] . tL ;a}sf] n'Kt 

sf/0f -…lx8]g l/hgÚ_ g]kfn;Fu rLgsf] ;DaGw 

jf a9\bf] cGt/;DaGw g} x'g\ . oL tLgj6} 

sfnv08sf 36gfdf rLg;Fusf] g]kfnsf] 

;'/]z cfrfo{ 

dxfsfnL ;Demf}tfdf cfheGbf b'O{ bzscl3 s]kL cf]nL r's]sf lyP, 

ToxL kl/0flt o; k6s gbf]xof{pg]tkm{ cf]nLsf] Wofg s]lGb|t x'g'k5{ . @) 

jif{cl3 ef/t;Fu g]kfnn] dxfsfnL ;Demf}tf ubf{ g]kfnnfO{ lah'nL a]r]/ 

!)) ca{ a;]l{\g kmfObf x'g] / cfOGbf …;"o{ klZrdaf6 pbfpg]Ú cf]nLsf] … 

nk\mkmfhLÚ sltko /fi6«jfbL g]kfnLn] la;]{sf 5}gg\ . km]l/ o; k6s rLg;Fu 

;fdl/s tyf Aofkfl/s ;fem]bf/L /x]sf] kfls:tfgsf k|wfgdGqLsf] ut 

dlxgf x7ft\ g]kfnsf] e|d0f, ef/t–e|d0fdf lg:sg nfu]sf cf]nLsf nflu 

s"6gLlts ¿kdf cy{xLg gx'g ;S5 . 

sd{rf/Ldfly dl:tisdf g} c;/ kfg] { vfnsf] 

ljiffQm k|s[ltsf] j:t'sf] k|of]u u/L xTof 

k|of; u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ 

lgsfnf u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] l;sf] l5§} g} 

cd]l/sfn] u¥of] . cd]l/sfsf] l;of6nl:yt ¿;L 

dxfjfl0fHob"tfjf;df sfo{/t ^) hgf ?;L 

s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]Zf 5f]8\g cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . 

Pshgf a[l6z u'Ktr/nfO{ ljiffQm /f;folgs 

kbfy{ ;]jg u/fP/ xTof k|of; cf/f]kdf 

cd]l/sfn] ?;L gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnfsf] 

3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . 6«Dk k|zf;gn] o;af/] 

¿;nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ Ps xKtfleq cd]l/sf 

5f]8\g'kg] { ;"rgf hf/L u¥of] / pgLx¿n] 5f]8] 

klg . cd]l/sfdf /x]sf ^) hgf s"6gLlt1n] 

Tolt g} ;+Vofsf cd]l/sL s"6gLlt1nfO{ ?;n] 

klg lgsfnf u/]sf] 5 . ¿;L /fi6«klt Enflbld/ 

k'l6gsf lj?4df xfnsf] cd]l/sL k|zf;gn] 

u/]sf] of] clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf s8f lg0f{o 

ePsf] cGt/f{li6«ohut\sf] 7DofO 5 . cd]l/sf, 

a]nfot / Sofgf8fn] tL b]zdf cgfjZos 

ljifo / cj:yfdf hf;';L u/]sf] cf/f]k nufP/ 

s]xL ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]zlgsfnf u/]sf 

lYfP . hd{gL / k|mfG;n] klg g} rf/–rf/ 

hgf ¿;L clwsf/LnfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg] lg0f{o 

u/]sf lyP . o; k|sf/ ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ 

b]z lgsfnf ug{ ] cleofg a]nfot / cd]l/sf 

dfq geO{ o'/f]kdf klg ;/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L 

o'/f]k]nL o'lgogsf ;b:o cGo !$ /fi6«n] klg 

qmdzM ¿;nfO{ PSnfpg] gLltcg'¿k s8f 

sbd rfNg ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . o; ljifodf 

;DaGw g} gfsfaGbLsf] d"n sf/0f b]lvG5 . 

;g\ @)!% sf] gfsfaGbL eg] g]kfndf ;+ljwfg 

;efaf6 hf/L ul/Psf] ;+ljwfglj?4 nlIft 

lyof], h'ga]nf cf]nL g} g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL 

x'g'x'GYof] . t/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;dy{g 

ug] { klxnf] b]z rLg lyof], hals ef/taf6 

;+ljwfgnfO{ zt{/lxt ;dy{g clxn];Dd klg 

k|fKt ePsf] 5}g . lgs6 l5d]sL ePsf] gftfn] 

g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfdfly cfk\mgf] 

k|fyldstf /x]sf] ef/t ;DemG5 . ef/tsf] 

a9L rf;f] o;}df 5 . a"9Lu08sLh:tf] a[xt\ 

hnljB't cfof]hgfaf6 lrlgofF sDkgLnfO{ 

x6fpg] ;kmntf k|fKt ePkl5 c?0f / tdf]/ 

gbLsf lsgf/f x' Fb} rLgsf] l;dfgfl:yt 

lsdfyf+sf / cf]nfªr'ªuf]nfnfO{ ef/tsf] 

;LdfjtL{ ahf/ hf]uagL;Dd ;8sdfu{n] 

hf]8\g] ;fdl/s dxTjsf] sf]zL sl/8f]/ 

-/fhdfu{_ lgdf{0fwLg 5 . 

o;}n] c?0f hnljB't cfof]hgf / 

k|:tfljt ;Ktsf]zL pRrafFw kl/of]hgfdf 

ef/tsf] cTolws cle?lr a9]sf] xf] . ef/tLo 

/fli6«o hndfu{sf] k6gf jf b/eËf :6];gaf6 

;'g;/Lsf] e06faf/L;Dd kf/afxgsf nflu 

g]kfnsf] kfgLhxfh rnfpg] k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nLn] cg'dlt dfUbf, ef/tn] kfgLhxfh 

rnfpgof]Uo ef/tLo hndfu{ agfpgsf 

nflu ;Ktsf]zLsf] …jf6/ ;]ol/ªÚsf] s'/f 

gp7fpnf eGg ;lsGg . h;/L dxfsfnL 

;Demf}tfdf cfheGbf b'O{ bzscl3 s]kL 

cf]nL r's]sf lyP, ToxL kl/0flt o; k6s 

gbf]xof{pg]tkm{ cf]nLsf] Wofg s]lGb|t 

x'g'k5{ . @) jif{cl3 ef/t;Fu g]kfnn] 

dxfsfnL ;Demf}tf ubf{ g]kfnnfO{ lah'nL 

a]r]/ !)) ca{ a;]l{\g kmfObf x'g] / cfOGbf 

…;"o{ klZrdaf6 pbfpg]Ú cf]nLsf] …nk\mkmfhLÚ 

sltko /fi6«jfbL g]kfnLn] la;]{sf 5}gg\ . km]l/ 

o; k6s rLg;Fu ;fdl/s tyf Aofkfl/s 

;fem]bf/L /x]sf] kfls:tfgsf k|wfgdGqLsf] 

ut dlxgf x7ft\ g]kfnsf] e|d0f, ef/t– 

k|ltlqmof lbFb} ?;n] cfk\mgf] b]zsf lj?4df 

ePsf oL cfkm"x¿nfO{ PSnfpg] lqmofsnfksf] 

hjfkm plrt ;dodf plrt ¿kdf lbOg] 

atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . 

cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf s]xL b]zx¿n] ?;L 

s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf 

o:tf] d'n'ssf] ;"rLdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf 

ci6«]lnof;d]t ylkPsf] 5 . ci6]«lnofn] klg 

b'O{ hgf ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ lgsfnf ug]{ cfb]z 

lbPsf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] tL s"6gLlt1nfO{ 

cfkmF} b]z 5f]8\g cfb]z lbFb} ;fj{hlgs 

;"rgf g} k|sfzg u/]sf lyP . o;/L oltv]/ 

ljZjdf g} ?;L s"6gLlt1x¿nfO{ b]z lgsfnf 

ug{] xf]8afhL g} rn]sf] 5 . o;n] ?;dfly 

ljZjs} s"6gLlts bafa yk]sf] dfq geP/ 

ljZj ;d'bfodf p;sf] abgfd u/]sf] ¿kdf 

klg ?;n] lnPsf] 5 . To;}n] ;do ;dodf 

/fi6«klt k'l6gn] cfkm"dfly ljZjsf b]zx¿n] 

u/]sf] of] Jojxf/sf] hjfkm plrt ;dodf 

plrt ¿kdf lbOg] klg atfpg'ePsf] 5 . 

ptf ?;sf lj¿4df rflnPsf] of] kl5Nnf] 

sbd / ?;n] u/]sf] …hjfkmL kmfol/ªÚ nfO{ 

sltko ljZn]ifsn] zLto'4sfnLg ;dosf] 

;+1f klg lbPsf 5g\ . o;k|sf/ ?;sf] cd]l/sf, 

a]nfot, ci6] «lnof nufotsf b]zx¿;Fu Ps 

lsl;dsf] zLto'4 g} z'? ePsf] h:tf] klg 

b]lvPsf] 5 . zLto'4sf] z'?jft:j?k 

cd]l/sfaf6 ?;L s"6gLlt1x¿ kmls{ +b} ubf{ 

otf ?;sf] ;]G6\lk6:au{l:yt cd]l/sL sG;'n]6 

sfof{no klg aGb ug{ ?;L ;/sf/sf] lgb] {zg 

e|d0fdf lg:sg nfu]sf cf]nLsf nflu 

s"6gLlts ¿kdf cy{xLg gx'g ;S5 . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] ef/taf6 g]kfnsf] 

/fli6«o :jfy{ / ;'/Iff ;Da4{g u/fpg' pxfFsf] 

e|d0fsf] klxnf] st{Jo x'g]5 . o;afx]s 

ef/tn] g]kfn;Fu u/]sf k'/fgf k|lta4tf k"/f 

u/fpg', b'O{ b]zaLr nfdf] ;dob]lv ;dfwfg 

x'g afFsL yfFtL a;]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] lgsf; 

vf]Hg' / k/:k/sf] /fhsLo ;DaGwnfO{ 

kf6L{sf bnfn, Ph]G6, gf]s/zfxL / ;}Go 

txaf6 pkNnf] /fhgLlts txdf p7fpg 

;s]df pgsf] e|d0fsf] ;xL ;Gb]z g]kfnL 

hgtfdfem k'Ug]5 . \ef/t / g]kfn aLrsf] 

ax'cfoflds ;DaGw / ax'kIfLo ;d:ofx¿sf 

af/] b'j} b]zsf g]tfx¿ ;ÍL0f{ dfgl;stfaf6 

cem} klg dfly p7\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o; 

k6s k|wfgdGqLsf ¿kdf cf]nLsf] ef/t 

e|d0fsf] ;kmntf / c;kmntf dfkg ug]{ 

d'Vo cfwf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgk|lt ef/tsf] 

pbfQ / zt{/lxt ;dy{g kfpg' / gkfpg' 

g} /xg]5 . ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lgM;[t g]kfnsf] 

;+ljwfg @)&@ k|lt ef/tsf] k"0f{ ;dy{g 

h'6\g g;Sbf;Dd g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf / 

cGtl/s l:y/tfdf nfu]sf sfnf afbnx¿ 

x6\g ;Qm}gg\ . 

ef/t;Fusf] g]kfnsf] sl/a &)) 

ca{ ?lkofF a/fa/sf] jflif{s Aofkf/ 3f6f 

36fpg] tkm{ ef/tLo ;dsIfL ;dIf cf]nLn] 

/fVg'k5{ . To:tf] sfo{of]hgf lnP/ cf]nL 

uPsf 5}gg\ eg] e|d0f g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxtdf 

x'g ;Qm}g . clxn] g]kfnL hgtfn] klg g]kfn 

/ g]kfnLsf] ;'b"/ eljiosf] cl:tTj, klxrfg 

/ ;d[l4nfO{ k|Tofe"lt ug{;Sg] JolQmTjsf] 

vf]hL ul//x]sf] ;do 5 . g]kfn ef/t 

aLr c;dfGo cj:yf /x]sf] gfsfaGbLsf 

;dodf g]kfnsf] k//fi6«gLltsf] k|d'v cËsf 

¿kdf l5d]sgLltsf] gofF cjwf/0ff …cf]nL 

8lS6«gÚsf] s"6gLlts kxn ;'? ul/Psf] 

lyof] . Oltxf;n] Psk6s km]l/ k|wfgdGqL 

s]kL cf]nLnfO{ lbuf ¿kdf /fi6«jfbL g]tfdf 

bl/gsf nflu ef/t e|d0f …6]:6 s];Ú xf] . 

k|wfgdGqL cf]nLn] cfk\mgf] /fi6«jfbL 5ljaf6 

ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bLsf] lxGb'Tjsf] 

hudf cfwfl/t ;d[l4sf] dfu{df b'j} b]zaLr 

…ldngljGb'Ú vf]Hg ;Sg'eof] eg] k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nLsf] ef/t e|d0fsf] ;fGble{stf k'li6 

x'g]5 . clxn] ef/t / g]kfnaLrsf] ;DaGw 

;fdfGo /x]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf eO/x]sf] 

cf]nLsf] ef/t ed|0fn] …cf]nL 8lS6«gÚsf] 

Jofjxfl/s ;fGble{stf k'li6 x'g;Sg' k5{ . 

x]/f}+, …cf]nL 8lS6«gÚ gfddf dfq} /xg] xf] ls 

Jojxf/df klg k/LlIft x'g] xf] < 

alnof k'l6gdfly rf}tkmL{ s"6gLlts bafa 

df]lxgL ld> l/;fn 

hd{gL / k|mfG;n] klg g} rf/–rf/ hgf ¿;L clwsf/LnfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg] 

lg0f{o u/]sf lyP . o; k|sf/ ?;L s"6gLlt1nfO{ b]z lgsfnf ug{] cleofg 

a]nfot / cd]l/sf dfq geO{ o'/f]kdf klg ;/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L o'/f]k]nL 

o'lgogsf ;b:o cGo !$ /fi6«n] klg qmdzM ¿;nfO{ PSnfpg] gLltcg'¿k s8f 

sbd rfNg ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . o; ljifodf k|ltlqmof lbFb} ?;n] cfk\mgf] b]zsf 

lj?4df ePsf oL cfkm"x¿nfO{ PSnfpg] lqmofsnfksf] hjfkm plrt ;dodf 

plrt ¿kdf lbOg] atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . 

lbPkl5sf] cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0fdf hfgsf/x¿n] 

o;nfO{ zLto'4sf] ;+1f lbg] u/]sf x'g\ . b]z 

lgsfnf ug] { o; xf]8afhLdf ?;n] cfkm\gf] 

k|ltzf]w lng] bfaLcg';f/ ?;af6 lgsflnPsf 

^) cd]l/sL s"6gLlt1 / pgsf kl/jf/n] 

?; 5f]8]sf 5g\ . o;cl3 g} ^) hgf ?;L 

s"6gLlt1n] cd]l/sf 5f]8]sf lyP . o;k|sf/ 

;g\ @)!^ sf] cd]l/sL /fi6«kltsf] r'gfjsf] 

qmddf xfnsf /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 6«Dksf] glhs}sf] 

ldqsf ¿kdf ljZj;fd' k' 'l6g lrlgP . /fi6«klt 

6«DknfO{ lhtfpg k'l6gsf] xft /x]sf] eGg] 

;dfrf/n] cd]l/sfn] To;a]nfb]lv clxn];Dd g} 

rrf{ kfPsf] 5 . t/ ?;sf /fi6«klt Enflbld/ 

k'l6g / cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 6«Dksf aLrsf] ulx/f] 

ldqtfsf ¿kdf dflgPsf] o; ;DaGwn] s'g 

df]8 lng] xf] eGg] ljifo eg] ljZj ;d'bfos} 

kvf{Osf] ljifo 5 . 

;f]leot ;ª\3sf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt 

ldvfOn uf]ef{Rof]esf] kfnfdf aflN6s ;fu/, 

Sofl:kog ;fu/, s[i0f ;fu/ -ANofs ;L_ 

/ c/fn ;fu/ j/k/sf 8]9 bh{geGbf a9L 

u0f/fHo 5'l§Pkl5 ;f]leot ;ª\3 u0ftGq 

?;df kl/0ft eof] . ?;df kl/0ft ePkl5 

?; / cd]l/sf b'O{ zlQm /fi6«sf ¿kdf /x] 

/ clxn] klg /xL g} cfPsf 5g\ . oL b'O{ 

b]z;Fu ulx/f] ;DaGw /xb} ljZjsf b'O{ u'6df 

afFlwPsf] lyof] . oBlk oL cK7\of/f]kgsf] 

sf/0f g} ljZjsf s}of}F /fi6«n] c;+nUgtfsf] 

gLlt ckgfP/ c;+nUg /fi6«sf] 3f]if0ff;d]t 

ug'{ k/]sf] lyof] . cfhsf lbgdf klg Tof] 

emns stf stf b]lvG5 . cd]l/sfn] ?;sf 

lj?4df h] sfd u5{ To;nfO{ c¿ klZrdf 

ljZjn] k5ØfpFb5g\ . oltv]/ klg ToxL eof] . 

cd]l/sfn] ?;L s"6gLlt1x¿nfO{ b]z lgsfnf 

u/]kl5 To;nfO{ c¿ b]zn] k5\ofP / b[Zo 

x]bf{ nfU5 pgLx¿ ?;nfO{ PSNofpFb}5g\ . 

o;/L cfk\mgf] rf}yf] sfo{sfnsf] z'?jftsf] 

v'lzofnL dgfpg klg gkfpFb} yf]kl/lbPsf] 

ljZjsf] s"6gLlts r'gf}tLn] gjlgjf{lrt 

/fi6«klt k'l6gnfO{ Ps lx;fan] eGg] xf] 

eg] ;f]Rg afWo agfPsf] 5 . o;/L alnof 

k'l6gdfly ljZjsf] r'gf}tL ylkPsf] 5 . 

-ljleGg ;dfrf/ Ph]G;Lsf] ;xof]udf_

{ 

89]nf]n] jg If]q phfl8Fb} 

• hg;jfn ;+jfbbftf 

alb{jf;– 89]nf] nufpg] / sfFrf 

nfy|f -e/v/sf slnnf ?v_ sfl6g] qmd 

a9]kl5 dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] jg If]q phf8 

x'Fb} 5 . k"j{–klZrd /fhdfu{ jfl/kf/Lsf] 

lhNnfsf] jg If]qdf 89]nf] nufpg] / nfy|f 

sf6\g] qmd XjfQ} a9]kl5 jg If]q phf8 

x'g] qmd a9]sf] xf] . lhNnfsf] alb{jf; / 

uf}zfnf gu/kflnsfdf kg]{ /fli6«o jg 

-;fd'bflos jg_, ;fem]bf/L jg, wfld{s 

jg / ;fu/gfy jg ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf 

Kn6df ;w}+Fh;f] b]lvg] 89]nf]n] jg If]qsf 

?v, a'§f v/fgLdf kl/0ft ePsf 5g\ . 

89]nf];Fu} ;fv' / cGo ;+/lIft 

hfltsf slnnf nfy|f sf6\g] qmd 

g/f]lsPkl5 jg If]q phf8 aGb} uPsf] 

jg If]q glhssf afl;Gbfsf] egfO 

5 . lbglbg} jgdf nufOg] 89]nf] 

a:tLd} cfOk'Ug] lrGtfn] /fd|/L ;'Tg 

klg g;lsPsf] uf}zfnf–* a]nuf5L 

9Ns]j/sL d~h' ljZjsdf{n] atfOg\ . 

kmfu'g z'? eP;Fu} a9]sf] 89]nf] 

nufpg] qmd lgoGq0f x'g g;Sbf / jg 

If]qdf ;'/Iff u:tL lxF8\g 5f8]kl5 nfy|f 

sfl6g] qmd XjfQ} a9]sf] :yfgLojf;Lsf] 

egfO 5 . jg /Ifs ;]jfsf] sfd geP/ 

hflu/ ePsf] a'em\g] k|j[lt / jg sfof{nosf] 

pbfl;gtfn] jg phf8 x'Fb}uPsf] jg 

If]q;Fu} hf]l8Psf] uf}zfnf gu/kflnsfs} 

nIdLlgofsf nIdLk|;fb dxtfn] atfP . 

jg sd{rf/Lsf] sfdk|ltsf] pbfl;gtfn] 

jg ;vfk eO/x]sf] dxtf]sf] cf/f]k 5 . 

kmfu'g nfu];Fu} jgdf 89]nf] 

nufP gofF 3fF; knfpg] ljZjf;n] jg 

If]q glhss} kz'kfnsn] 89]nf] nufpg] 

u/]sf o; If]qsf a'9fkfsfsf] 7DofO 

5 . To;}u/L ;–;fgf sfFrf nfy|f sf6\g 

;fdfGo 3/]n' xltof/ -v's'/L, v'kf{, 

a~r/f]_ eP x'g], o:tf nfy|f sf6\g w]/} 

;do gnfUg] / rfF8} ;'Sg] ePsfn] jg 

k;]sf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;–;fgf a'6Øfg 

sf6\g] u/]sf nIdLlgofFs} a6'jf a:tLsf 

/fdg/]z dxtf]n] atfP . 

7"nf ?v t:s/sf] ] / ;–;fgf a'6Øfg 

jg If]q jl/k/Lsf afl;Gbfsf] rk]6fdfkg' 

/ 89]nf] lgoGq0f gx'g'n] ca lhNnfsf] 

jg If]q dfl;g] vt/f a9]sf] alb{jf;–!! 

vo/df/fsf afl;Gbf tyf vo/df/fs} 

nIdLgf/fo0f dfWolds laBfnosf lzIfs 

lakL >]i7n] lrGtf JoQm u/] . lhNnfdf 

;fd'bflos, ;fem]bf/L, wfld{s / ;fu/gfy 

3/d} ;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf 

kj{t -h;_– kj{tsf] s':df 

gu/kflnsf– & n] t];|f] k6s 

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf j8fdf g} 

ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . a}+sdf k'u]/ 

/sd lemSg j[4x¿nfO{ c;xh 

ePkl5 a}+ssf sd{rf/LnfO{ 

ufpFd} af]nfP/ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 

eQf ljt/0f u/]sf] xf] . s':df 

gu/kflnsf–& n] z'qmaf/ tLg 

;o &^ j[4j[4f, Psn dlxnfnfO{ 

j8f sfof{nodf g} ? @) nfv 

eGbf a9L ;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf 

ljt/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;b/d'sfd 

s':dfdf /x]sf] a}+sdf k'u]/ /sd 

lng a'9fa'9LnfO{ sl7g x'g] 

ePsfn] ufpFdf g} af]nfP/ /sd 

ljt/0f ul/Psf] j8f cWoIf 

t]hk|;fb kfWofn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . s':dfdf /x]sf] u08sL 

ljsf; a}+ssf] zfvf sfof{nodf 

j[4j[4f / Psn dlxnfsf] a}+s 

vftf vf]lnPsf] 5 . ;a}sf] /sd 

a}+sdf hDdf ePkl5 ufpFdf 

r]s ;+sng u/]/ e'QmfgL 

lbOFb} cfPsf] 5, eg] s':df / 

kf]v/fnufotsf zx/df a:g]n] 

eg] a}+saf6 g} /sd lnFb} cfPsf 

5g\ . hgk|ltlglw cfPkl5 

ufpFdf g} ;]jf lbg] p2]Zon] 

cg'/f]w u/]kl5 ufpFd} k'u]/ eQf 

ljt/0f ul/Psf] a}+ssf zfvf 

k|aGws s]zj cfrfo{n] atfP . 

s':df gu/kflnsf–& df 

dfq} rf/ ;o %) hgf eGbf 

a9L a}+s vftfdf hDdf ePsf] 

;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf lng 

;b/d'sfd emg'{kg]{ ePkl5 

kj{tdf hgk|ltlglwn] 3/3/d} 

ljt/0f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . 

;fdflhs ;'/IffeQf lng j[4 

;b/d'dsfd emg'{kg]{ afWotf 

x6fpg / hgk|ltlglw cfPkl5 

hg pQ/bfoL aGg klg a}+snfO{ 

ufpFd} af]nfP/ ;fdflhs 

;'/IffeQf ljt/0f ug]{ cleofg 

g} rNg yfn]sf] 5 . 

ufO{3f6ahf/sf] ;/;kmfO 

pbok'/ -h;_– clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog 

-cg]/f:jljo'_n] cfh laxfg ufO{3f6 ahf/ ;/;kmfO cleofg 

;~rfng u/]sf] 5 . 6«flkms rf}s, nf]stflGqs rf}s, 6]Dkf] rf}s, ljkL 

rf}s, l8Pdu]6 tyf c;f/L nfOg If]qdf ahf/ ;/;kmfO cleofg 

;~rfng ul/Psf] cg]/f:jljo' pbok'/n] hgfPsf] 5 . cg]/f:jljo' 

pbok'/sf cg';f/ …cfkm\gf] cfFug cfkm}F ;kmf /fvf}F, xfd|f] gu/ ;'Gb/ 

agfcf}FÚ eGg] gf/fsf ;fy ufO{3f6 ahf/ ;/;kmfO ul/Psf] 5 . 

cg]/f:jljo'sf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o tyf k|b]z;ef ;b:o ladn 

sfsL{sf] g]t[Tjdf ul/Psf] ;f] ;/;kmfO cleofgdf ;+u7g cfa4 8]9 

;oeGbf a9L ljBfyL{, o'jf / g]skf Pdfn]sf lhNnf g]tfsf] ;xeflutf 

/x]sf] cg]/f:jljo' pbok'/sf cWoIf ;/f]h clwsf/Ln] atfP . 

jg ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] ;d]t u/L @$ 

xhf/ $^% x]S6/ If]qkmndf jg /x]sf] 5 . 

t/, kl5Nnf s]xL jif{otf ;'/Iff t/ntfn] 

jg If]q ?vlaxLg aGb} uPsf jg tyf 

jftfj/0f If]qdf sfo{/t ;fdflhs ;+:Yff 

;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf k}/jLd~r g]kfn 

alb{jf;sf cWoIf gfub]j ofbjn] atfP . 

otf jg If]qsf] ;'/Iff / 

Joj:yfkgsf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 

lhNnf jg sfof{non] kof{Kt ;'/IffsdL{ 

gx'Fbf ;a}If]qdf ;3g u:tL u/fpg 

g;lsPsf] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . jg If]qsf] 

;'/Iff / k|j4{gsf] sfo{ jg If]q;Fu 

hf]l8Psf a:tLsf afl;Gbfsf] ;xof]uaf6 

;Dej x'g] ePsfn] 89]nf] lgoGq0f / 

nfy|f sf6\g] qmd lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsg] 

Onfsf jg sfof{no alb{jf;sf ;xfos 

jg clws[t rGb]Zj/ ofbjn] atfP . 

o;}aLr lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf 

clwsf/L afa'/fd >]i7n] jg If]qsf] 

lgoldt u:tL / sf/afxL k|lqmof b'?:t 

ug{ jg ;'/Iff / lhNnfl:yt cGo 

;'/Iff lgsfosf] ;dGjodf ;+o'Qm 6f]nL 

agfOPsf] hfgsf/L lbP . s'g} klg lgx'Fdf 

jg If]q ;vfk kfg]{ sfdn] 5'6 gkfpg] 

lhNnf k|zf;gn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

df]km;n 

;ft emf]n'ª\u] 

k'n aGb} 

wf}nflul/ -h;_– wf}nflul/ / dflnsf 

ufpFkflnsfdf o;jif{ ? b'O{ s/f]8eGbf 

a9Lsf] nfutdf ;ft emf]n'ª\u] k'n lgdf{0f 

z'? ePsf] 5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, 

l6aLP;o', ufpFkflnsf / ;fem]bf/L ;+:yf 

ldng DofUbLsf] ;dGjodf dflnsfdf 

rf/ / wf}nflul/df tLg emf]n'ª\u] k'n 

lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] xf] . 

wgdfg], h]N6'ª / 5x/L vf]nfdf s"n 

? (( nfv @% xhf/ ^%@ sf] nfutdf 

tLgj6f emf]n'ª\u] k'n lgdf{0f z'? ePsf] 

wf}nflul/ ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf yd;/f 

k'gn] hfgsf/L lbP . cWoIf k'gsf 

cg';f/ s"n nfutsf] 5 k|ltzt a/fa/sf] 

? kfFr nfv (# xhf/ ufpFkflnsfn] 

;Dk'/s sf]ifaf6 pknAw u/fpg] ePsf] 

5 . dfnLsf ufpFkfnLsf] 6fS;], g'Gynf, 

bf]laNnf / bfªvf]nfdf Ps s/f]8 @@ nfv 

&* xhf/ @(* ?k}ofsf] nfutdf emf]n'Ë] 

k'n lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . 

emf]n'Ë\u] k'n lgdf{0f ePkl5 

ef}uf]lns ¿kdf ljs6 / b'u{d If]qsf 

afl;GbfnfO{ cfjt hfjtdf ;xh x'g] 

dflnsf ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf >Lk|;fb 

/f]sfn] atfP . cfufdL c;f/ dlxgf 

eGbf cufj} k'n ;DkGg ug]{ nIo ;lxt 

pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ tLj|tf 

lbPsf 5g\ . 

*^ jifL{o ?b|k|;fbsf] cfFvfsf] gfgL bfg 

sfFs8le§f -h;_– 

d]rLgu/–^ sf *^ jifL{o 

?b|k|;fb kf}8]nsf] z'qmaf/ lgwg 

eof] . t/ pgsf] cfFvfn] eg] c? 

s}og jif{;Dd of] ;'Gb/ w/tL 

x]l//xg kfpg] ePsf] 5 . c1ft 

b[li6ljxLgnfO{ gofF b[li6 lbg] 

p2]Zon] emfkfdf klxnf]k6s 

d[ts ?b|k|;fbsf] cfFvfsf] 

slg{of -gfgL_ ;+sng ul/Psf] 

x'Fbf pgsf] cfFvfn] d/0ff]k|fGt 

;d]t ;+;f/ x]l//xg] ;f}efUo 

kfpg] ePsf] xf] . emfkfdf cfFvf 

bfg u/]sf JolQmsf] d/0ff]k|fGt 

cfFvfsf] gfgL ;+sng ug]{ sfo{ 

z'? ePsf] 5 . b[li6 u'dfPsf 

s'g} JolQmdf cfFvfsf] gfgL 

k|Tof/f]k0f u/]/ gofF b[li6 k|bfg 

ul/G5 .emfkfd} of] gofF sfo{df 

;xefuL aGg] klxnf] ;f}efUo kfP 

?b|k|;fb kf}8]nn] . bfg ul/Psf] 

cfFvfsf] gfgL ;+sng ug]{ klxnf] 

>]o kfPsf] 5–sfFs/le§fsf] 

d]rL g]qfnon] . kf}8]nsf] 

z'qmaf/ laxfg d[To' ePkZrft 

pgsf kl/jf/n] sfFs/le§fl:yt 

b'uf{rGb| d]df]l/on 6«:6df 

cfFvfsf] gfgL bfg ug{ OR5's 

/x]sf] va/ k7fPsf lyP . 

6«:6n] d]rL g]qfnosf] 

k|fljlws ;xof]udf lbj+ut 

kf}8]nsf] cfFvfsf] gfgL 

;kmntfk"j{s ;+sng u/]sf] 

6«:6sf cWoIf tyf d]rL g]qfnosf 

d]l8sn 8fO/]S6/ 8f z/brGb| 

k|sfz /fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP . d[To' 

eO;s]sf cfkm\gf a'afsf] cfFvfn] 

c? b[li6ljxLgn] ;+;f/ b]Vg;Sg] 

s'/f a'em]/ kf}8]nsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] 

cfFvfsf] gfgL lgsfNg ;xdlt 

hgfPsf] d]rL g]qfnosf sd{rf/L 

tyf b'uf{rGb| d]df]l/on 6«:6sf 

;x;lrj hok|;fb kf]v|]nn] 

atfP . kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] 

OR5fcg';f/ g} bfx ;+:sf/:yn 

d]rL vf]nfdf g} d[ts kf}8]nsf] 

b'a} cfFvfsf] aflx/L efusf] kftnf] 

lemNnL cyf{t gfgL lgsflnPsf] 

lyof] . d]rL g]qfnosf cfFvf a}+s 

k|fljlws of]u/fh vqL / ldng 

vqL;lxtsf] k|fljlws 6f]nLn] 

kf}8]nsf] cfFvfsf] gfgL lgsfn]sf] 

lyof] . d[tssf] cfFvfsf] gfgLnfO{ 

ljz]if k|sf/sf] /;fogdf /fv]/ 

dlxgf}+ lbg;Dd ;'/lIft ug{ 

;lsG5 . t/ zlgaf/ kf}8]nsf] 

cfFvfsf] gfgLnfO{ sf7df8fF}sf] 

tLnu+uf cfFvf c:ktfnl:yt 

g]kfn cfFvf a}+sdf k7fOg] d]rL 

g]qfnosf d]l8sn 8fO/]S6/ 8f 

/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

8f /fO{sf cg';f/ cfFvf;Fu} 

d[tssf] z/L/af6 b'O{ ldlnln6/ 

/ut ;d]t lgsflnPsf] / pQm 

/ut / gfgLsf] r]shfFr u/]kl5 

dfq pQm gfgL csf]{ JolQmdf 

k|Tof/f]k0f ul/g] atfOPsf] 5 . 8f 

/fO{sf cg';f/ ljz]if ¿kdf rf]6 

k6ssf sf/0f cfFvfsf] gfgLdf 

;d:of cfP/ b[li6 u'dfPsfsf 

nflu cfFvfsf] gfgL k|Tof/f]k0f 

ul/g] 5 . b[li6 u'dfpg] a9L 

x'g] / To;sf] t'ngfdf cfFvf 

bfg ug]{ JolQm sd x'g] ePsfn] 

slg{ofFsf] cToflws dfu 5 . 



ljb]z 

ufhf If]qdf ePsf] k|bz{gdf 

cf7 hgfsf] d[To', ;of}+ 3fOt] 

ufhf -l;GXjf_– Kofn]:6fOgsf 

cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] z'qmaf/ u/]sf] k|bz{gsf qmddf 

ePsf] em8kdf k/L sDtLdf cf7 hgfsf] d[To' 

ePsf] 5 . Oh/fonL ;'/IffsdL{;Fu z'qmaf/ ePsf] 

;f] em8kdf k/L cGo Ps xhf/ &) hgf 3fOt] 

ePsf ;dfrf/df hgfOPsf] 5 . Kofn]:6fOg 

/ Oh/fonsf] ;Ldf If]qdf kg]{ ufhfsf ljut 

s]xL lbgb]lv Kofn]l:6gL cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] k|bz{g 

ubf{ Oh/fonL ;'/IffsdL{;Fu em8k x'Fb} cfPsf] 

5 . Kofn]:6fOgsf] :jf:Yo dGqfnosf k|jQmf 

c;|km cn Sa]8«fn] z'qmaf/ k|bz{gnuQ} Ps 

hgf Kofn]:6fOgL k|bz{gsf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] / 

s]xL ;do k5fl8 yk ;ft hgf u/L s"n cf7 

hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

k|bz{gsf/Ln] z'qmaf/ k"jL{ ufhf If]qsf] 

l;dfgf cj/f]w u/]/ k|bz{g u/]kl5 em8k 

z'? ePsf] lyof] . k|bz{gnfO{ dTy/ kfg{sf 

nflu Oh/fonL ;'/IffsdL{n] k|bz{gsf/Llj?4 

/a/sf] uf]nL, c>'Uof;, lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ / 

clUglgoGqs k|of]u u/]sf lyP . k|bz{gsf/Ln] 

eg] ;'/IffsdL{lj?4 9'+uf k|xf/ u/]sf lyP . 

xhf/f}Fsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf] Kofn]l:6gL k|bz{gsf/Ln] 

z'qmaf/ laxfg}b]lv k|bz{g z'? u/]sf lyP . 

pgLx¿n] sfnf] w'jfF;lxt k|bz{g u/]sf 

lyP . l;GXjfsf Ps hgf kmf]6f] kqsf/n] 

ufhf If]qdf sfnf] w'jfFsf] d':nf] cfsfzel/ 

b]lvPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . ufhfsf] Oh/fonL 

If]qdf Oh/fonL ;'/IffsdL{ 7"nf] dfqfdf t}gfy 

ul/Psf 5g\ . 

pgLx¿n] n8fs" ;jf/L ;fwg, lj:kmf]6s 

kbfy{, xftxltof/, c>'Uof;, clUg lgoGqs 

cflb lnP/ a;]sf 5g\ .ufhf If]qsf] d'Vo 

7fpFdf k|bz{g ug'{cufl8 z'qmaf/ laxfg pQ/L 

/ blIf0fL If]qaf6 k|bz{gsf/L hDdf ePsf lyP . 

Oh/fonL Kofn]:6fOgaLr hf/L o; åGåsf] 

sf/0f Ps xKtfcufl8 g} Oh/fonL ;]gfn] 

u/]sf] cfqmd0fdf k/L !( Kofn]l:6gLsf] d[To' 

eO;]s]sf] lyof] . Oh/fonL ;]gfsf] cfqmd0fdf 

k/L Ps} lbgdf !( Kofn]l:6gLsf] d[To' ;g\ 

@)!$ otfs} Ps /Qmkftk"0f{ lbgsf ¿kdf 

/x]sf] pgLx¿sf] bfaL /x]sf] 5 . z'qmaf/ 

ePsf] k|bz{g s]xL jif{otf ePsf k|bz{gx¿ 

dWo]s} 7"nf] hg;xeflutfdf ePsf] klg 

atfOPsf] 5 . 

a|flhnsf k"j{/fi6«klt 

n'nf ;'/IffsdL{sf] lgoGq0fdf 

a|fl;lnof -PPkmkL_– a|flhnsf k"j{/fi6«klt 

n'Oh Ogfl;cf] n'nf 8f l;NefnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] 

lgoGq0fdf lnPsf 5g\ . a|flhnsf] k|x/L;DfIf 

cfTd;dk{0f ug{ lbOPsf] ;do ;Ldfleq pgn] 

cfTd;dk{0f gug] { ePkl5 k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ 

lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] xf] . em08} !@ jif{ k'/fgf] 

ljifonfO{ lnP/ n'nfn] e|i6frf/;DaGwL d'2f 

em]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ pgn] c:jLsf/ 

u/]sf 5g\ . cfpFbf] cS6f]a/df x'g] elgPsf] 

/fi6«ktLo lgjf{rgnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ pgL 

lj?4sf] e|i6frf/sf] d'2f cfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

e|i6frf/ / ;|f]t gv'n]sf] ;DklQ;DaGwL 

d'2fdf n'nfdfly ;/sf/L ta/af6 cg';Gwfg 

eO/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f ;/sf/L ejg lgdf{0f;DaGwL 

;Demf}tfdf pgn] cfkm\gf] kIfsf] sDkgLnfO{ 

lbnfpg] sfo{df ;+nUg ePsf] cf/f]k pgnfO{ 

nfu]sf] 5 . a|flhnsf] js{;{ kf6L{ -lk6L_n] kf6L{sf 

;+:yfks cWoIf tyf k"j{/fi6«klt n'nfnfO{ 

cfufdL /fi6«ktLo lgjf{rgdf pDd]baf/ agfpg] 

3f]if0ff ut hgj/Ld} u/]sf] lyof] . a|flhndf 

cfufdL cS6f]a/df gofF /fi6«klt rogsf nflu 

lgjf{rg ug] { to ul/;lsPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg k"j{sf 

;j] {If0fn] cfkm\gf k|lt:kwL{sf lj?4df n'nfn] g} 

;'ljwfhgs / :ki6 hLt xfl;n ug] { b]vfPsf 

5g\ . pgsf] ;xeflutf lagfsf] lgjf{rgsf] yf]/} 

klg sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 . 

gbLhGo kbfy{sf] ;+/If0fdf 5'§} gLlt cfjZos 

tgx'F -h;_– gbLhGo 

kbfy{sf] ;+/If0f pTvggaf/] 

lgodg, lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu 5'§} 

gLlt lgod cfjZos /x]sf] cfh 

oxfF cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmdsf 

jStfx¿n] ljrf/ JoQm u/]sf 

5g\ . g]kfn jftfj/0f kqsf/ 

;d"x -g]km]h_ sf] cfof]hgfdf 

tgxF'sf] bdf}nLdf cfof]lht 

cGtlqm{ofdf ;/f]sf/jfnfn] 

gbLhGo j:t'sf] hyfefjL 

¿kdf pTvgg xF'bf gbLsf] 

axfjdf c;/ kg'{sf ;fy} cGo 

dfgjLo ;d:of al9/x]sf] eGb} 

lrGtf JoQm u/] . 

g]km]hn] ;]tL gbL a]l;g 

If]qsf jftfj/0fLo ;jfnsf 

ljifodf ;~rf/ cled'vLs/0f 

sfo{qmddf lhNnf ;dGjo 

;ldlt ;+of]hs zflGt/d0f 

jfUn]n] jftfj/0faf/] yfxf kfP 

klg o;sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ljifo 

dxTj glbPsf] atfP . 

pgn] ] eg] ], æjftfj/0f 

/ ljsf;nfO{ ;Fu};Fu} n}hfFbf 

hf]lvdnfO{ klg Wofg lbO{ lgdf{0f 

/ j[If/f]k0fnfO{ Ps};fy n}hfg'k5{, 

To; ljifodf ;~rf/dfWodn] 

dxTj lbg'k5{ .Æ :yfgLo ;/sf/ 

;~rfng P]g @)&$ n] :yfgLo 

txnfO{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] 

clwsf/ lbPsfn] cfpFbf lbgdf 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf k|ult x'g] 

ljZjf; JoQm u/] . 

lhNnf jg clws[t 

dft[sf kf}8]nn] gbL pTvgg, 

jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0fdf kof{Kt 

Wofg lbg g;Sbf b}ljs ljkb\ 

cfpg yfn]sf] atfP . 

;'lIft ekbf]{ 

j}b]lzs f]hufLsf] nflu 

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ . 

lk; g]kfn cf]el;h k|f=ln= 

>d Ohfht g+= ^%*÷)^#÷)^$ 

wfkf;L, sf7df8f}+ 

kmf]g M )!–$#*@@%!



dgf]/~hg÷v]ns'b 

?kGb]xLnfO{ k/flht ub}{ wgu9L 

l6d rf}/fxf l8lkPnsf] Kn]ckmdf 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– ?:nfg l8lkPn 

@ cGtu{t wgu9L l6d rf}/fxf 

k|ltof]lutfsf] Kn]ckmdf k|j]z u/]sf] 

5 . zlgaf/ ePsf] v]ndf ?kGb]xLnfO{ 

# /gn] k/flht ub}{ k|ltof]lutfsf] 

Kn]ckmdf k|j]z u/]sf] xf] . wgu9Ln] 

% v]ndf # v]ndf lht xfl;n 

ub}{ ^ c+s;lxt Kn]ckmdf 7fp agfPsf] 

xf] . k|ltof]lutfdf sf7df8f}F uf]N8]G; 

Sjflnkmfo/df k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] 

dx]Gb|gu/ o'gfO6]8 klg Kn]ckmdf 

k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . 

?kGb]xL eg] k|ltof]lutfdf ;a} 

% v]ndf k/flht x'b} k|ltof]lutfaf6 

aflx/LPsf] 5 . aiff{sf sf/0f * cf]e/df 

36fOPsf] v]ndf wgu9Ln] lbPsf] && 

/gsf] nIo k5\ofPsf] ?kGb]xL * 

cf]e/df % ljs]6 u'dfpb} &# /g dfq 

agfPkl5 # /gn] v]n xf/]sf] lyof] . 

?kGb]xLsf nflu ;fu/ k'gn] ;jf{lws 

## /g agfP eg] lbks k|;fbn] !^ 

/gsf] of]ubfg lbP . wgu9Lsf nflu 

/f]xg d':tkmfn] @ / nlnt e08f/Ln] 

Ps ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . 

o;cl3 6; xf/]/ klxnf Aofl6+u 

u/]sf] wgu9L l6d rf}/fx n] * cf]e/df 

& ljs]6 u'dfpb} &^ /g agfPsf] 

lyof] . wgu9Lsf nflu ;f]g' tfdfªn] 

;jf[lws #$ /g agfPsf lyP eg] 

/f]zg d':tkmfn] !% /gsf] of]ubfg 

lbPsf lyP . ?kGb]xLsf an/ ;'zfg 

ef/Ln] # ljs]6 lnP eg] lbk]z >]i7n] 

@, To:t} sKtfg zlQm uf}rg / ;fu/ 

k'gn] Ps-Ps ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . 

dx]Gb|gu/ / cQl/ofaLrsf] v]n :ylut kl5 b'j} l6dn] c+s afF8] 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– ?:nfg l8lkPn 

cGtu{t zlgaf/sf] klxnf] v]n aiff{sf sf/0f 

x'g g;s]kl5 b'j} 6Ldn] c+s af8]sf 5g\ . 

aiff{sf sf/0f l;jfO{;L cQl/of / dx]Gb|gu/ 

o'gfO6]8aLrsf] v]n :ylut ePkl5 b'j} l6dn] 

c+s af8]sf x'g\ . /fte/ ePsf] aiff{sf sf/0f 

d}bfg lunf] ePsf sf/0f v]n x'g g;s]sf] 

xf] . zlgaf/sf] v]ndf c+s af8]kl5 dx]Gb|gu/ 

o'gfO6]sf] $ v]ndf % c+s;lxt bf];|f] :yfgdf 

/x]sf] 5 eg] cQl/of $ v]nkl5 s]an # 

c+s;lxt kfrf} :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . 

ca lnu r/0fsf] clGtd v]n dx]Gb|gu/n] 

sf7df8f}F uf]N8]G;;Fu cfOtaf/ v]Nb} 5 eg] 

cQl/ofn] lj/f6gu/;Fu cfOtaf/g} v]Nb} 5 . 

o; l;hgsf] Sjflnkmfo/df hfg b'j} l6dnfO{ 

ca clGtd v]n lhTg cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . 

c+s tflnsfdf lzif{ :yfgdf /x]sf] sf7df8f}F 

uf]N8]G; $ v]ndf * c+s;lxt Sjflnkmfo/df 

k'lu;s]sf] 5 eg] dx]Gb|gu/ %, lj/f6gu/ 

ls+U; / wgu9L l6d rf}/fxf $–$ c+s ;lxt 

qmdz bf];|f] t];|f] / rf}yf] :yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ . 

To:t} zlgaf/ x'g] bf];|f] v]ndf wgu9L 

l6d rf}/fxfn] ?kGb]xLnfO{ k/flht u/]sf] 

v08df wgu9L Sjflnkmfo/df k'Ug] 5 eg] 

k/flht ePdf clGtd v]nsf] glthf klv{g' 

kg]{ x'G5 . k|ltof]lutfdf ?kGb]xL eg] rf/ 

v]ndf k/flht eP/ k|ltof]lutfaf6 

aflxl/O{;s]sf] 5 . 

lal8l;P sk 

lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf 

cfOtaf/b]lv 

a}t8L -h;_– a}t8Ldf cfOtaf/b]lv lal8l;P sk 

6L–6\jfG6L lqms]6 k|ltof]lutf ;~rfng x'g] ePsf] 5 . 

a}t8L lhNnf lqms]6 ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf x'g] k|ltof]lutf 

a'8\8fafh] lqms]6 d}bfg /ftfdf6f / lgª\nfz}gL lqms]6 

d}bfg b]lxdf8f}Fdf ;~rfng x'g] hgfPsf] 5 . !^ 

6f]nL ;xefuL /x]sf] k|ltof]lutf rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg 

ul/Psf] a}t8L lhNnf lqms]6 ;+3sf sf]iffWoIf v]d/fh 

e§n] hfgsf/L lbP . lgª\unfz}gL v]nd}bfg b]lxdf8f}Fdf 

cfOtaf/ x'g] klxnf] v]ndf lgª\unfz}gL lqms]6 Sna 

/ UjfNn]s lqms]6 Sna le8\bf a'8\8fafh] v]nd}bfg 

/ftfdf6fdf k~rsf]6L lqms]6 Sna / lqnf]rg lqms]6 

Sna cfdg];fdg] x'g] ePsf 5g\ . 

j}zfv # ut];Dd ;~rfng x'g] k|ltof]lutfsf] s'g} 

v]n sf/0fjz cj?4 ePsf] v08df b'j} 6f]nLnfO{ ;dfg 

Ps÷Ps c+s lbOg] cfof]hsn] hgfPsf] 5 .k|ltof]lutfdf 

klxnf] / bf];|f] x'g]nfO{ qmdzM ? #) xhf/ / @) xhf/ 

gub;lxt 6«kmL / k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o:t} 

k|ltof]lutfdf pTs[i6 k|bz{g ug]{ Ps v]nf8LnfO{ ? 

kfFr xhf/;lxt 6«kmL / k|df0fkq k|bfg ug]{ a}t8L 

lhNnf lqms]6 ;+3n] hgfPsf] 5 . lal8l;P sk lqms]6 

k|ltof]lutfn] a}t8Ldf lqms]6sf] ljsf; x'g] ljZjf; 

ul/Psf] 5 . a}t8L lhNnf lqms]6 ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf x'g 

nfu]sf] ;f] k|ltof]lutfsf] of] !& cf}F ;+:s/0f xf] . 

ko{6gdGqL /jLGb|åf/f …Dx]Gb"Ú sf] d'x{t 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– rnlrq 

Dx]Gb"sf] z'e–d'x{'t ul/Psf] 5 . lalxaf/ 

/fhwfgLdf cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf 

ko{6gdGqL /jLGb| clwsf/LnfO{ k|d'v 

cltly agfpb} rnlrqsf] d'x{t ul/Psf] 

xf] . df/f]g d'eL P08 OG6/6]G6d]G6sf] 

Aofg/df lgdf{0ff x'g nfu]sf] …Dx]Gb"Úsf] 

d'x't{df dGqL clwsf/Ln] SNofk ;d]t 

k8\sfPsf lyP . 

sfo{qmddf af]Nb} dGqL clwsf/Ln] 

…g]kfnL df}lns hgflhlasfnfO{ p7fg 

ug]{ …Dx]Gb"Ú sf];]9'Ëf ;flat x'g ;Sg] 

wf/0ff /fv] . sfo{qmddf al/i6 cleg]tf 

gL/laqmd zfx, Aoa;foL cl:dtf ;'dfuL{ 

nufotsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . 

…Dx]Gb"Ú b'u{d lxdfnL e]udf 

a;f]af; ug]{ z]kf{ hflt / tNnf] e]udf 

a:g] cfo{g ;d'bfo aLrsf] efjgfTds 

;DaGw p7fg ug]{ df}lns g]kfnL rnlrq 

aGg] lgdf{0f kIfn] hfgsf/L lbP . n]vs 

tyf lgb]{zs b]j g]kfn /x]sf] rnlrqsf 

lgdf{tf ch{'g k|;fb 8f]6]n / /fds'df/ 

clwsf/L /x]sf 5g\ . rnlrqsf] lxdfnL 

lhNnf 8f]Nkfsf] ;]kmf]S;'08f] b]lv 

dflyNnf] e]u sflGh/f]jf lxdfn kf/L 

-pkNnf] 8f]Nkf_df cal:yt laZjs} ;a} 

eGbf cUnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] dfga a:tL 

5fsf{df 5fofFsg ul/g]5 . 

Dx]Gb" zAbnfO{ /fd|L, Kof/L cyaf 

;'Gb/ o'jtLnfO hgfpg] ljz]if0fsf] 

?kdf pkNnf] 8f]Nkfdf a;f]af; ug]{ 

;ndfg vfg w/f}6Ldf 

l/xf ug]{ cfb]z 

z]kf{ ;d'bfon] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . 

rnlrqdf gj gfos ef]nf ltdlN;gf 

/ /d]z ;f]9f/L 8]Ao' ub}{5g\ . ;f]g' /fO{ 

gflosfsf] ?kdf b]lvb} l5g\ . 

P;/fh s'df/, laGbf lyª, sfn' 

/fgf, rGb|dl0f d'8e/L, afa'/fd zfSo, 

nId0f b]asf]6f, lszf]/ vltj8f 

nufotsf snfsf/sf] ;d]t rnlrqdf 

clego /xg]5 . rGb|dl0f d'8e/L 

sfo{sf/L lgdf{tf /x]sf] o; rnlrqdf 

a'l4dfg tfdfª / b'uf{ ;fxf/f v8\sf 

;x lgdf{tf /x]sf 5g\ . ;'lbk 8f]6]nsf] 

k|:t'lt rnlrq Dx]Gb" @)&% a};fv klxnf] 

xKtfaf6 k\mnf]/df hfg]5 . 

@% jif{ k"/f u/]sf]df eJo 

sfo{qmd ub}{ d+uf]lnog xf6{ 

d'DaO{ -Ph]G;L_– alnj'8 

cleg]tf ;ndfg vfgnfO{ 

cbfntn] w/f}6Ldf l/xf 

ug]{ cfb]z lbPsf] 5 . ljlxaf/ 

cbfntsf] cfb]zkl5 h]n rnfg 

ePsf ;ndfg cfh} h]naf6 

w/f}6Ldf l/xf x'g] ePsf 5g\ . 

ljlxaf/ /fh:yfgsf] hf]wk'/l:yt 

lhNnf cbfntn] @) aif{cl3 

sfnf] xl/0f df/]sf] k|s/0fdf 

;ndfgnfO{ % aif{sf] h]n ;hfo 

lbPkl5 ;ndfgn] ljlxaf/ g} 

w/f}6Ldf l/xf x'g /fh:yfgs} 

;];g sf]6{df clkn u/]sf 

lyP . 

;ndfg vfgnfO{ ljlxaf/ 

cbfntn] ;hfo ;'gfpgf;fy 

lx/f;tdf lnOPsf] lyof] . 

pgnfO{ ljlxaf/ g} lx/f;tdf 

lnP/ h]n rnfg ul/Psf] lyof] . 

sfnf] xl/0fsf] lzsf/ k|s/0fdf 

bf]ifL agfOPsf ;}km cln vfg, 

cleg]qL tAa', ;f]gfnL a]+b|] / 

gLndnfO{ eg] cf/f]kaf6 d'Qm 

ul/Psf] lyof] . 

;g !((* df lkmNd …xd 

;fy ;fy x}Ú sf] ;'l6+udf qmddf 

ePsf] of] 36gfdf ;ndfgsf 

cnfjf ;}km cln vfg, cleg]qL 

tAa', ;f]gfnL a]+b|] / gLndnfO{ 

klg bf]ifL agfOPsf] lyof] . ;g 

!((* sf] cS6'a/ @ tfl/vdf 

;ndfgn] hf]wk'/sf] s+sf0fL 

ufpF ;lxt tLg cnu cnu 

7fpdf xl/0fsf] lzsf/ u/]sf] 

cf/f]k nfu]sf] lyof] . ;ndfgn] 

;f] /ft b'O{ sfnf] xl/0fsf] lzsf/ 

u/]sf] / To;sf nflu ;}km cln 

vfg, cleg]qL tAa', ;f]gfnL a]+b|] 

/ gLndn] pgnfO{ pS;fPsf] 

cf/f]k nufOPsf] lyof] . 

sfnf] xl/0fsf] 

lzsf/sf cGo b'O{ k|s/0f 

cbfntn] ;ndfgnfO{ ;kmfO{ 

lbPklg /fh:yfg ;/sf/åf/f 

;ndfgnfO{ lbOPsf] % aif{ 

/ Ps aif{sf] ;hfo dfkmLsf] 

km};nflj?4 ef/tsf] ;jf]{Rr 

cbfntdf clkn u/]sf] 5 . 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– b]z tyf 

lab]zdf VoftL k|fKt d+uf]lng 

xf6{ JofG8n] cfufdL a}zfv 

* ut] cfk\mgf] /ht dxf]T;j 

dgfpFb}5 . r'Rr]kf6Ll:yt xfot 

u|fp08df dgfpg nfluPsf /ht 

dxf]T;jsf] cj;/df sG;6{sf] 

cfof]hgf xF'b}5 . sfo{qmdsf] 

;Dk"0f{ tof/L k"/f ePsf] 

Dofg]h/ tyf JofG8sf al/i7 

lu6l/i6 aaL nfdfn] hfgsf/L 

lbPsf 5g\ . d+uf]lnog xf6{ 

AofG8sf lgSs} g} rlr{t / 

nf]slk|o ufos /fh' nfdfn] 

;a} g]kfnLx?nfO{ wGojfb 

lbgsf] nflu /ht dxf]T;jsf] 

pknIodf …u|]G8 nfO{e sG;6{Ú 

cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] atfP . 

…sfo{qmd d+uf]lnog 

xf6{n] @% cf}+ jif{ k"/f ePsf]df 

cj;/ kf/]/ ;a} z'elrGts 

/ bz{sx?nfO{ wGojfb ug{ 

nfluPsf] xf] .Ú nfdfn] yk] 

…g]kfnL ;|f]tf, bz{sx?;Fu v'zL 

afF8\g rfxG5' .Ú sG;6{sf] d'Vo 

p2]Zo eg] ;+uLt k|]dLx?nfO{ … 

Ps eP/ b]znfO{ cufl8 a9fcf}+Ú 

eGg] /x]sf] 5 . sG;6{df Aof08n] 

cfk\mgf rlr{t gofF tyf k'/fgf 

uLt k:sg]5 .

cy{÷/f]huf/ 

k|;f/0f nfOg cnkq, ljB't v]/ 

rl/sf]6 -h;_– l;+u6L–nfdf];fF3' k|;f/0f 

nfOg clxn] cnkq cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 . b'O{ jif{df 

k"/f ug]{ u/L cf7 jif{cl3 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf ePsf] 

pQm cfof]hgf clxn];Dd k'/f x'g g;Sbf cnkq 

cj:yfdf /x]sf] xf] . k|;f/0f nfOg gaGbf l;lk|ª 

vf]nf nufotsf] lah'nL v]/ uO/x]sf] 5 eg] o;af6 

nufgLstf{n] ljut kfFr jif{b]lv s/f]8f}+ ?k}ofFsf] 

jflif{s 3f6f Joxf]b}{ cfPsf] klg 5 . l;+u6L–nfdf];fF3' 

k|;f/0f nfOg !#@ s]eL Ifdtfsf] xf] . 7]s]bf/sf] 

nfk/afxL / ;/sf/sf]= a]jf:tfn] clxn];Dd lgdf{0f 

cnkq 5 . k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf] 

ef/tLo sDkgL c/fjnL OGk|mf kfj/n] cfly{s ;+s6 

b]vfpFb} sfddf l9nfO ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;'?df 7]Ssf 

;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq lgdf{0f k"/f 

ug]{ ;t{ lyof], ;Demf}tf ePsf] clxn] cf7 jif{ 

ljlt;Sof], cem} slxn] k|;f/0f nfOg aG5 eGg] 

6'+uf] 5}g, :yfgLojf;L atfpF5g\ . 

:yfgLojf;Lsf cg';f/, 7]s]bf/;Fu k|flws/0fn] 

rf/ k6s ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 . rf}+yf] 

k6s ylkPsf] ;dofg';f/ @)&% h]7df sfd k"/f 

ul/;Sg' kg]{5 t/, pQm ;dodf klg k|;f/0f nfOg 

k"/f x'g] ;+s]t b]lvPsf] 5}g . lj;+ @)^& af6 lgdf{0f 

yflnPsf] k|;f/0f nfOg z'?sf b'O{ jif{ tLj| ultdf 

cl3 a9]sf] lyof] . lj;+ @)^( b]lv @)&# r}t;Dd 

cfly{s ;+s6 b]vfpFb} 7]s]bf/n] k"0f{¿kdf lgdf{0f 

sfo{ /f]Sof] . o;aLrdf k|flws/0fn] 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf 

tf]8]/ gofF 7]s]bf/ lgo'Qm ug]{ tof/L yfn]sf] klg 

lyof] t/ gofF 7]Ssfdf hfFbf nfdf] ;do nfUg] x'Fbf 

yk l9nf] x'g] sf/0f b]vfpFb} To; If]qdf hnljB't\ 

cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ lghL k|j4{sn] k"/fg} 7]SsfnfO{ 

lg/Gt/tf lbg cfu|x u/]sf lyP . k|flws/0f, lghL 

If]q / 7]s]bf/aLr ePsf] ;embf/L cg';f/ ut 

j}zfvaf6 7]s]bf/n] k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0fsf] sfd 

k'gM ;"rf? u/]sf] 5 . Tof] klg c/fjnLsf] g]kfnL 

Ph]G6 ag]/ dfa"{df lgdf{0fflwg $) d]ufjf6sf] vfgL 

vf]nf–! hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf k|j4{saf6} . pgLx¿ 

cfkm}+n] u/]sf] sfd klg ;':t b]lvPsf] 5 . 

7]s]bf/n] lgdf{0f /f]s]sf] ;dodf hUuf 

clwu|x0f, d'cfAhf ljt/0fnufot sfd eg] 

g/f]lsPsf] k|flws/0fn] hgfPsf] 5 . lgdf{0fsf] 

k|ult l;+u6L–nfdf];fF3' k|;f/0f nfOgsf] $) 

k|ltzt sfd k"/f ePsf] k|flws/0fsf] bfaL 5 . 

bf]nvfsf] l;+u6Lb]lv l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] nfdf];fF3' 

-$) lsnf]ld6/_ ;Dd Ps ;o @% j6f 6fj/ 

lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . 6fj/ 78Øfpg $) j6fsf] 

kmfp08];g tof/ ePsf] cfof]hggf k|d'v /fhg 

9'ª\u]nn] atfP . afFsL 6fj/sf] kmfp08];g 

c;f/;Dd ;lsg] / 6fj/ tf/ tfGg] sfd 

Ps jif{df k"/f x'g] pgn]] atfP . cfof]hggf 

k|d'v 9'ª\u]nsf cg';f/ l;+u6L / nfdf];fF3'df 

b'O{ ;j:6];g lgdf{0f x'g]5 . ;fdfg cfoftdf 

eG;f/sf] ;d:ofn] klg sfddf l9nfO eO/x]sf] 

pgn]] atfP . ef/tLo sDkgL c/fjnLn] sfd 

gu/]kl5 vfgL vf]nf ! sf k|a4{s ef/td} k'u]/ cfkm}+ 

sfd ug]{ u/L @)&! ;fnd} ;Demf}tf u/]sf x'g\ . 

pgLx¿n] kmfp08];gsf] sfd z'? u/]nuQ} @)&@ 

j}zfvdf e"sDk uof] . To;kl5sf] gfsfaGbLn] 

Psjif{ sfd 7Kk eof] . k'gM sfd ;"rf? ug]{ a]nf 

ylkPsf] Dofb ;lsof] . nfdf] s;/tkl5 ylkPsf] 

Dofb klg ;lsg nfu]sf] xf] . 

l;+u6Ldf gofF ;j:6];g lgdf{0f ug]{ / ljBdfg 

nfdf];fF3' ;j:6];gsf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{ of]hgf 5, 

cfof]hggf k|d'v 9'ª\u]nn] eg]– æk|;f/0f nfOgsf] 

s"n nfut ? $@ s/f]8 cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .Æ 

k|;f/0f nfOg tof/ ePkl5 bf]nvfdf lgdf{0ffwLg 

$) d]ufjf6sf] vfgLvf]nf–!, #) d]ufjf6sf] vfgL 

vf]nf, @% d]ufjf6sf] l;+u6L, !! d]ufjf6sf] tNnf] 

vf/]vf]nf, @$ bzdnj ! d]ufjf6sf] vf/]vf]nf, !) 

d]ufjf6sf] l;lk|ª vf]nfsf] ljB't\ /fli6«o k|0ffnLdf 

hf]l8g]5 . 

ænfdf] af6f] ls afv|f]kf7f]Æ k'Vof}{nL 

pvfgnfO{ rl/tfy{ ub}{ o'jf 

kf]v/f -h;_– cfly{s 

cefjsf sf/0f kfl/jfl/s 

uhf]{6fg{ / ;fx'af6 lnPsf] C0f 

ltg{sf nflu hghLa|f]df em'l08g] 

ænfdf] af6f] sL afv|f] kf7f]Æ 

eGg] k'Vof}{nL pvfgnfO{ oxfFsf 

Ps o'jfn] rl/tfy{ ul/lbPsf 

5g\ . ljb]zsf] ;§f ufpF 3/d} 

a;]/ afv|fkfNg z'? u/]sf 

kf]v/f n]vgfy dxfgu/kflnsf– 

@) df}hf cfF6L3/sf $! 

jifL{o b'uf{axfb'/ u'?ªn] 

oltv]/ afv|fkfngaf6 dgUo 

cfDbfgL u/]/ ;f] pvfgnfO{ 

Jojxf/df ptf/]sf x'g\ . bz 

jif{cl3 ljb]z hfg] p2]Zosf 

;fy ef/t k'Ug'ePsf pgn] 

cfkm" j}b]lzs /f]huf/ sDkgLaf6 

7lug nfu]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 

g]kfn kms]{/ afv|fkfNg Joj;fo 

z'? u/]sf] atfP . 

ljb]z hfgsf nflu 

cfkmGt;Fu lnPsf] %) xhf/ 

C0faf6 ;ftj6f :yfgLo hftsf 

dfp vl/b u/]/ afv|fkfng 

Joj;fo z'? u/]sf] atfpFb} 

pgn] eg], æoltv]/ vf]/df ;fgf 

7"nf u/L !$) j6f afv|f k'u]sf 

5g\ . afv|fkfngaf6 jflif{s ? 

;ft nfv cfDbfgL x'g] u/]sf] 

5, pgn] eg],Æ æPs ;o dfp 

afv|f k'¥ofP/ dfl;s Ps nfv 

cfDbfgL ug]{ ;f]rdf 5' .Æ 

:yfgLo v/L hftsf] dfpnfO{ 

hd'gfkfl/ Pj+ af]o/ hftsf] 

af]sfaf6 k|hgg u/fP/ gZn 

;'wf/ ub}{ cfPsf] atfpFb} u'?ªn] 

eg],– ævf]/df hGd]sf kf7L 

x'sf{pFb} v;L af]sf laqmLjfkt 

cfPsf] /sdaf6 lg/Gt/ gofF / 

pGgt hftsf afv|f yKb} cfPsf] 

sf/0f afv|fkfng kmi6fP/ 

yfx} gkfOsg 5f]6f] ;dodf g} 

Joj;fodf kl/0ft eP5 .Æ 

pTkfbg ePsf afv|f laqmL 

x'Fb}g ls eGg' gkg]{ atfpFb} pgn] 

sf:sL;lxt tgx'F, :ofªhf, 

ndh'ª, kj{t, afun'ª, lrtjg, 

u'NdLnufotsf lhNnfaf6 

Joj;fosf nflu afv|f vl/b 

ug{ s[ifs vf]/d} cfpg] u/]sf] 

hfgsf/L lbP . afv|fn] kf7f] 

eGbf kf7L kfpFbf /dfpg] u/]sf] 

atfpFb} u'?ªn] eg], – ælhpFbf] 

kf7L Jofj;flos k|of]hgsf nflu 

k|ltlsnf] $)) ?k}ofdf laqmL 

ub}{ cfPsf] 5' .Æ b'O{ ;o /f]kgL 

hUufdf ljleGg hftsf 8fn] 

3fF;sf la?jf /f]k]/ z'? u/]sf] 

afv|fkfng bfgf eGbf klg 3fF;df 

cfwfl/t ePsf] sf/0f a9L kmfObf 

x'g] u/]sf] afv|fkfngdf ;xof]u 

ub}{ cfpg'ePsL pgsL >LdtL 

;/:jtL u'?ªn] atfOg\ . 

afv|f b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwdf 

tLg k6s laØfpFg] / Ps 

k6sdf b'O{b]lv tLg j6f;Dd 

kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] x'Fbf vf]/ 

el/Psf] kQ} gx'g] pgsf cg'ej 

5 . ? krf; xhf/sf] nufgLaf6 

z'? u/]sf] afv|fkfngaf6 pQm 

kl/jf/sf] xfn;Dd afv|f / 

vf]/;lxt $) nfv eGbf a9Lsf] 

;DklQ k'u]sf]5 . 

æufpFdf 3fF; x'Fbf nueu 

kfFr dlxgf 3/sf] vf]/df / 

afFsL cjlw 3fOn] vs{sf] 

vf]/fdf /fv]/ h+unsf] 3fF; 

r/fpFb} 3'DtL vf]/sf] ¿kdf 

Jofj;flos afv|fkfng 

ub}{ cfPsf 5f},Æ– u'?ª bDktLn] 

eg]] . afv|f laqmLaf6 dfq ge} 

vf]/df cfpg] :jb]zL tyf 

ljb]zL s[ifsnfO{ afv|fkfng 

;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk af8]/ ;d]t 

;f] kl/jf/n] xfn;Dd rf/ nfv 

a9L cltl/Qm cfDbfgL ul/;s]sf 

5g\ . æcWoog cjnf]sgdf 

cfpg] k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ Ps 

xhf/ z'Ns lng] u/]sf] 5'Æ 

pgn]] eg]], ævf]/df :jb]zLsf 

;fy} ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, 

a]nfot, O/fg nufotsf 

ljb]zL d'n'ssf 6f]nLn] ;d]t 

e|d0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .Æ 

h+undf;d]t u'?ªnufot 

:yfgLo uf]ljGb ;fksf]6f / 

8Da/ s'df/L u'?ªsf] ;+o'Qm 

kfFr nfv nfugLdf vf]/ lgdf{0f 

ul/Psf]5 h;df lhNnf kz';]jf 

sfof{no sf:sLsf] ? b'O{ nfv 

cg'bfg / afFsL s[ifssf] ? 

Ps÷Ps nfvdf ;fd"lxs vf]/ 

lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . h+unL 

hgfj/af6 ;d]t ;'/lIft pQm 

vf]/df xfn tLg kl/jf/sf 

%)) eGbf a9L afv|f /x]sf] 

csf{ afv|fkfns s[ifs uf]ljGb 

;fksf]6fn] atfP . pgsf 

vf]/df neue ? #) nfv d"No 

a/fa/sf b'O{ ;o afv|f 5g\ . 

s[ifsn] ;a} afv|fsf] kz' aLdf 

;d]t ul/;s]sf 5g\ . ;d'b|L 

;txaf6 nueu Ps xhf/ 

^)) ld6/sf] prfOdf /x]sf] 

df}hf ufpFnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] 

afv|fkfngsf] ks]6 If]qsf] 

¿kdf 3f]if0ff u/]sf] j8f 

cWoIf l;d u'?ª atfpF5g\ . 

df}hf afv|fkfng s[lif 

;xsf/L ;+:yfdf cfj4 *% hgf 

z]o/ ;b:on] Jofj;flos ¿kdf 

afv|fkfng ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . 

;f] ;+:yf cGtu{t df}hf ufpFdf 

nueu tLg xhf/ kfFr ;o 

afv|f 5g\ . r/gdf lrt'jfn] Ps} 

lbgdf cf7 a6f;Dd afv|f df/]/ 

7"nf] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] afv|fkfns 

s[ifsn] b'v];f] kf]v]sf 5g\ . 

kl5Nnf] ;do u|fdL0f If]qdf 

h+un a9];Fu} h+unL hgfj/af6 

ePsf] Ifltk"lt{ ;j{;'ne tl/sfn] 

pknJw u/fP/ /fHon] Jofj;flos 

¿kdf kz'kfng / s[lif If]qdf 

nfu]/ ;a}sf nflu cg's/0fLo 

ag]sf d'n'ssf o'jf zlQmnfO{ 

/fHoaf6 k|f]T;flxt ug'{kg]{ wf/0ff 

s[lif lj1sf] 5 . 



;ftfsf] ;]o/ sf/f]af/ 

/sd !) k|ltztn] 36\of] 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–of] ;ftf g]kfn :6s PS;r]Ghdf Ps ;o *! 

sDkgLx?sf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . h; cg';f/ @& xhf/ 5 ;o ## 

sf/f]af/af6 Ps ca{ ^( s/f]8 && nfv (@ xhf/ ?k}ofFa/fa/sf 

%$ nfv %) xhf/ @ ;o ^) lsQf ;]o/x? vl/blaqmL ePsf 

5g\ . sf/f]af/ /sd ut ;ftfsf] eGbf !) bzdnj !& k|ltztn] 

36]sf] xf] . ut ;ftf Ps ;o *) sDkgLx?sf] sf/f]af/ ePsf] 

lyof] . h;cg';f/ @& xhf/ kfFr ;o @@ sf/f]af/af6 Ps ca{ ** 

s/f]8 (( nfv &( xhf/ ?k}ofFa/fa/sf %* nfv (% xhf/ #) 

lsQf ;]o/x? vl/blaqmL ePsf lyP . ;ftfsf] g]K;] kl/;"rs klxnf] 

lbgsf] t'ngfdf %$ bzdnj !% c+sn] a9]/ clGtd lbg !@ ;o 

%) bzdnj #( c+sdf k'u]sf] 5 . …sÚ ju{sf sDkgLx?sf] sf/f]af/ 

dfkg ug]{ ;]G;]l6e kl/;"rs klxnf] lbgsf] t'ngfdf !! bzdnj b'O{ 

c+sn] a9]/ b'O{ ;o ^^ bzdnj *( c+sdf cfOk'u]sf] 5 . of] ;ftf 

sf/f]af/ /sd ;ft s/f]8 ^& nfv #) xhf/ ?k}ofFsf] cfwf/df gljn 

a}+s lnld6]8 cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sf/f]af/ ePsf] ;]o/ 

;+Vof Ps nfv %) xhf/ lsQfsf] cfwf/df eg] hgtf a}+s g]kfn 

lnld6]8 cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L sf/f]af/ ;+Vof @! ;o !% 

j6fsf] cfwf/df /fwL ljB't\ sDkgL lnld6]8 cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . of] 

;ftf :6ssf] sf/f]af/ sIf lgoldt sf/f]af/sf nflu kfFr lbg v'nf 

/Xof] . of] ;ftf klg C0fkqtkm{ ;+:yfut tyf ;/sf/L C0fkqx?sf] 

s'g} klg sf/f]af/ ePg . ;]o/ ;"rLs/0f tkm{ eg] of] ;ftf kfFr j6f 

sDkgLx?sf] af]g; tyf xsk|b ;]o/ ;"rLs[t ePsf] 5 . 

g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\s 

s]lGb|o sfof{no, lab]zL lalgdo Joj:yfkg laefu 

g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\sn] tf]s]sf] lalgdo b/ 

@)&$ r}q @% ut]sf] -clk|n *, @)!*_ ;f]daf/sf] lalgdob/ 

d'b|f PsfO vl/bb/ lalqmb/ 

ef/tLo ?lkofF !)) sf] !^).)) !^).!% 

v'nf ahf/ lalgdob/ -g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\ssf] k|of]hgsf nflu_ 

b]z÷d'b|f PsfO vl/b laqmL 

cd]l/sL 8n/ 

! sf] ?=!)#.&@ ?=!)$.#@ 

o'/f] 

! sf] ?=!@&.%^ ?=!@*.#) 

kfpG8 :6«lnË 

! sf] ?=!$%.^^ ?=!$^.%) 

l:j; k|mØf+s 

! sf] ?=!)*.$$ ?=!)(.)& 

c:6«]lnog 8n/ ! sf] ?=&(.^* ?=*).!$ 

Sofg]l8og 8n/ ! sf] ?=*).%@ ?=*).(* 

l;+ufk'/ 8n/ 

! sf] ?=&(.!& ?=&(.^# 

hfkfgL o]g 

!) sf] ?=(.&& ?=(.*@ 

lrlgof“ o'cfg 

! sf] ?= !^.%) ?=!^.^) 

;fpbL c/a l/ofn ! sf] ?=@&.^^ ?=@&.*@ 

stf/L l/ofn 

! sf] ?=@*.$( ?=@*.^% 

yfO ef6 

! sf] ?=#.#@ ?=#.#$ 

;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\; lb/fd ! sf] ?=@*.@$ ?=@*.$) 

dn]l;og l/+lu6 ! sf] ?=@^.*# ?=@^.(* 

blIf0f sf]l/og jg !)) sf] ?=(.*@ ?=(.** 

l:jl8; qmf]g/ 

! sf] ?=!@.#* ?=!@.$% 

8]lg; qmf]g/ 

! sf] ?=!&.!@ ?=!&.@@ 

xªsª 8n/ 

! sf] ?=!#.@@ ?=!#.@( 

s'a]tL lbgf/ 

! sf] ?= #$%.(@ ?=#$&.(@ 

ax/fOg lbgf/ 

! sf] ?= @&%.)^ ?=@&^.^% 

gf]6 

● of] ljlgdo b/nfO a}+sn] cfjZostfcg';f/ h'g;'s} ;dodf klg ;+zf]wg ug ;Sg]5. 

● jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] tf]Sg] ljlgdo b/ eg] km/s x'g ;Sg]5 . 

● cBfjlws ljlgdo b/ a}+ssf] j]a;fO6 www.nrb.org.np df pknAw x'g]5 . 

;'v]{t -h;_– …s0ff{nL–/f/f ko{6g 

jif{–@)&%Ú sf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf 

k'u]sf] 5 . s0ff{nL k|b]z ;/sf/sf] 

cfof]hgfdf oxL j}zfv ! ut]af6 /f/f 

tfndf z'? x'g] ko{6g jif{sf] tof/Lsf] sfd 

clGtd r/0fdf k'u]sf] d'VodGqL;d]tsf] 

sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg'ePsf cfly{s dfldnf 

tyf of]hgfdGqL k|sfz Hjfnfn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . s0ff{nLsf] /f/faf6 k|wfgdGqL 

s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] /fi6«sf gfddf ;Daf]wg 

u/]/ …s0ff{nL–/f/f ko{6g jif{–@)&%Ú sf] 

pb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{qmd /x]sf] atfpFb} pgn] 

/f/faf6} s0ff{nLsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf] 

ofqf z'? x'g] eg] . dGqL Hjfnfsfcg';f/ 

s0ff{nL–/f/f ko{6g jif{–@)&%Ú sf] 

z'ef/Desf nflu ;'/Iff, cfjf;, ef]hg, 

s0ff{nL–/f/f ko{6g jif{sf] tof/L clGtd r/0fdf 

:jfutnufotsf tof/L k"/f ePsf 5g\ . 

ko{6g jif{nfO{ ;kmn agfpgsf nflu 

k|b]zsf !) j6} lhNnfdf lhNnf ;dGjo 

;ldltsf k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf s0ff{nL 

k|b]z ko{6g k|j4{g ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf 

5g\ . o;sf ;fy} sflnsf]6, 8f]Nkf / 

x'Dnfdf klg ko{6g jif{sf] tof/L k"/f 

ePsf] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . pgsf 

cg';f/ ko{6g jif{nfO{ ;kmn kfg{ !) 

j6} lhNnfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf 

k|d'vsf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|d'v lhNnf 

clwsf/L, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v, 

gu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnsfsf k|d'v tyf 

pkk|d'v, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf cWoIf 

;b:o /x]sf] ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf 5g\ . 

/f/fdf kfFr nfv ko{6s leqØfpg] 

;/sf/L k':ts laqmL gug]{ ljt/ssf] gjLs/0f /2 

nIo 

s0ff{nL k|b]z ;/sf/n] Ps jif{df 

/f/fdf kfFr nfv ko{6s leqØfpg] 

nIo lnPsf] 5 . /f/fdf cfpg] 

ko{6ssf nflu ;8sdfu{sf] :t/f]Gglt, 

cfjf; / ef]hg Joj:yfkgnfO{ 

;/sf/n] k|d'v r'gf}ltsf ¿kdf 

lnPsf] s0ff{nL ;/sf/sf k|jQmf Pj+ 

e"ld Joj:yf s[lif tyf ;xsf/LdGqL 

ljdnf s];Ln] atfP . lghL If]q;Fu 

;xsfo{ u/]/ oL r'gf}tLnfO{ cj;/df 

abNg] pgsf] egfO 5 . ;'v]{tb]lv 

/f/ftfn;Ddsf] b'O{ ;o ($ lsnf]ld6/ 

;8ssf] :t/f]Ggltsf] sfd z'? 

ul/Psf] dGqL s];Ln] hfgsf/L lbP . 

ko{6g jif{ pb\3f6gsf nflu cfpg] 

k|wfgdGqL;lxtsf kfx'gfnfO{ :yfgLo 

pTkfbg s0ff{nLsf] h'DnLdf;L{, kmfk/, 

sf]bf]nufotsf kl/sf/ pkxf/df 

lbOg] klg pgn]] atfP . 

rf/ :yfgaf6 pb\3f6g x'g] 

ko{6g jif{sf] ;'ef/De k|wfgdGqL 

s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] d'u'sf] /f/ftfn;lxt 

rf/ :yfgaf6 ug{'x'g] ePsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nL /f/f;Fu} rLg;Fu ;Ldf hf]l8Psf] 

x'Dnfsf] lxN;f, 8f]Nkfsf] z]–kmf]S;'08f] / 

sflnsf]6sf] kfFrfnem/gf k'u]/ ko{6g 

jif{sf] z'ef/De ug]{ pBf]u, ko{6g tyf 

jgdGqL gGbl;+x a'9fn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

s0ff{nLsf] ;d[l4 / ljsf;sf nflu @)&% 

;fnnfO{ ko{6g jif{sf ¿kdf dgfpg] 

lg0f{o k|b]z ;/sf/sf] xf] . 

sfe|]knf~rf]s, -h;_– g]kfn 

k':ts tyf :6]zg/L Joj;foL 

dxf;+3 sfe|]n] ;/sf/L k':ts ljt/0f 

gug]{ k':ts k;nsf] gjLs/0f /2 

ug]{ ePsf] 5 . sfe|]sf lhNnf lzIff 

clwsf/L bLk]Gb| u'?ª, cleefjs 

/ dxf;+3sf kbflwsf/LaLr ePsf] 

nfdf] 5nkmnkl5 dxf;+3n] pQm 

lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . hgs lzIff 

;fdu|L s]Gb| lnld6]8n] ;dodf 

g} sfe|]sf ljt/snfO{ kf7Øk':ts 

laqmL ug'{kg]{ hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/L 

kf7Øk':ts ljt/0f u/]afkt gfkmf 

sd x'g] x'gfn] ljt/sn] hgslzIff 

;fdu|L s]Gb|;Fu k':ts vl/b 

gu/]sfn] sfe|]df k':tssf] cefj 

ePsf] eGb} dxf;+3n] gjLs/0fdf 

/f]s nufpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] hgfPsf] 

5 . ;/sf/L kf7Øk':ts ljt/s x'g 

;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] 

l;kmfl/; rflxG5 eg] lzIfsnfO{ 

sld;g lbg'kb}{g . sIff ^ b]lv 

!) ;Ddsf] kf7Øk':ts 5kfOsf] 

lHfDd]jf/L hgs lzIff ;fdu|L 

s]Gb|n] kfPsf] 5 eg] sIff ! b]lv 

% ;Dd b]ze/sf !& k|]; tyf 

k|sfzg ;d"xn] lHfDd]jf/L k|fKt 

u/]sf 5g\ . 

;/sf/L k':ts vl/b u/]afkt 

sfe|]sf k':ts ljt/sn] ( k|ltzt 

sld;g kfpF5g\ . 9'jfgLvr{ ljt/s 

:jod\n] Joxf]g'{k5{ . hgs lzIff 

;fdu|L s]Gb|n] pwf/f]df k':ts 

laqmL ub}{g\ . l;l4u0f]z k':ts 

k;nsf ;~rfns ;fhg b'nfnsf 

cg';f/– hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|n] 

Ps}k6sdf dfucg';f/sf k':ts 

pkNfAw gu/fPsf], emGeml6nf] 

k|lqmofdf Joj;foLnfO{ c8\sfPsf] / 

dfucg';f/sf kf7Øk':ts Ps}k6sdf 

laqmL gu/]sf] xF'bf kf7Øk':ts 

cefj ePsf] atfP . hgs lzIff 

;fdu|L s]Gb|sf dxfk|aGws dx]z 

ltdlN;gfn] Pp6} lhNnfdf Ps}k6s 

eg]hlt kf7Øk':ts k7fpg sl7g 

eP klg k6s÷k6s u/L j}zfvsf] 

& ut];Dd ljBfyL{sf] xftxftdf 

kf7Øk':ts k'¥ofO;Sg] k|lta4tf 

JoQm u/] . 

Go"dl~hn :6]zg/L 

kgf}tLsf ;~rfns dx]z a:g]tsf 

cg';f/–;/sf/L ljBfnosf lzIfsn] 

ljt/s;Fu sld;g vf]Hg], dfucg';f/ 

k':ts k"/f gx'~h]n;Dd e'QmfgL 

glbg] ePsfn] ;/sf/L k':ts 

ljt/0fdf sdL u/]sf] atfP . sfe|]sf 

lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L bLk]Gb| u'?ªn] 

ljt/s;Fu ljBfnon] sld;g 

vf]Hb} lxF8]sf] e]l6Pdf sf/afxL 

ug]{ pNn]v ub}{ ljBfnosf] vftfdf 

kf7Øk':ts vl/bsf nflu kof{Kt 

/sd hDdf eO;s]sfn] laqm]tf;Fu 

k':ts vl/b u/L ;dodfg} 

ljBfyL{sf] xftxftdf k':ts 

k'¥ofpg'kg]{ atfP . ;/sf/n] 

j}zfv @ ut]af6 egf{ cleofg z'? 

ug]{ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L, dxf;+3n] 

lghL k|sfzg u[xsf kf7Øk':tsdf 

c+lst -lk|G6_ d"No 5f]kL laqmL 

ljt/0f ug]{ / cfGtl/s /fhZj 

sfo{nodf btf{ geO Joj;fo ug]{ 

Joj;foLnfO{ sfg"gL sf/afxLsf 

nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ ePsf] 5 . 

pkef]Qmf;Fu a9L d"No c;'Ng] 

p2]Zoaf6 utjif{ s]xL laqm]tfn] 

df+}Hbft k':tsdf l:6s/ nufO{ 

k':ts laqmL ljt/0f u/]sf] tyf 

Kofg g+ glnsg sf/f]af/ u/]sf] 

e]l6Psfn] dxf;+3sf] ;j{kIfLo 

e]nfn] ;f] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . 

sfe|]df o;jif{ lghL If]qsf 

#% k|sfzg u[xsf kf7Øk':ts 

nfu" ePsf 5g\ . ljBfno 

lkR5] km/s÷km/s kf7Øk':ts 

x'g]ePsfn] laqmL ljt/0fdf 

d'l:snkg]{ ePsf] 5 . dxf;+3n] 

cfGtl/s /fh:j sfo{nodf btf{ 

geO Joj;fo ug]{ laqm]tfnfO{ 

k':ts laqmL ljt/0f gug{ 

k|sfzsnfO{ kqfrf/;d]t u/]sf] 

5 . Kofg g+= glnsg Joj;fo ug]{ 

ljBfno jf laqm]tfnfO{ To;f] gug{ 

clkn u/]sf] dxf;+3sf ;lrj 

s[i0f/fd sfsL{n] hfgsf/L lbP . 

sfe|] lhNnfdf ;a} txsf ;/sf/L 

ljBfnosf] ;+Vof %*& /x]sf] 5 

eg] lghL If]qsf ljBfnosf] ;+Vof 

sl/a #)) /x]sf] a'lemG5 . /fHon] 

k[i7 ;+Vofsf cfwf/df k':tssf] 

d"No lgwf{/0f u/]sfn] o;jif{ lghL 

If]qsf kf7Øk':tssf] d"No @% b]lv 

#) k|ltzt;Dd 36]sf]n] c+lst 

b/df k':ts laqmL ljt/0f ug'{kg]{ 

ePsf] 5 .



PgcfO{;L Plzofåf/f s0ff{nL k|b]zsf * 

h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{nfO{ 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–Pg cfO{ 

;L Plzof a}+sn] s0ff{nL 

k|b]zsf * hgf h]x]Gbf/ 

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ¿ @ nfv 

/sd 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f u/]sf] 

;fd;ªåf/f ‘@)&% ;fn ;fd;ª 

ckm/ aafn’ ckm/ 3f]if0ff 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–g]kfnsf] 

;jf{lws laqmL x'g] :df6{kmf]g 

sDkgL, ;fd;ªn] gofF jif{ 

@)&% cfudgnfO{ nlIft 

ub}{ cfˆgf] …@)&% ;fn 

;fd;ª ckm/ aafnÚ 3f]if0ff 

u/]sf] 5 . …gofF jif{ @)&% sf] 

cfudgnfO{ nlIft ub}{ xfdLn] 

xfd|f pkef]Qmfx?sf nflu of] 

gofF ckm/ NofPsf 5f}F . xfdL 

ljZj:t 5f}F o;n] ;sf/fTds 

k|efj kfb}{ pxfFx?;Fusf] xfd|f] 

;DaGw cem k|uf9 agfpg]5,Ú 

;fd;ª df]afOn zfvf 

k|d'v k|0fo /Tg :yflktn] 

eg] . of]hgfcGtu{t, 

;fd;ª :df6{kmf]gsf] vl/bdf 

pkef]Qmfx?n] ljleGg cfsif{s 

pkxf/x? k|fKt ug]{5g\ . ca 

pkef]Qmfn] Uofn]S;L 6\ofa 

P;# sf] vl/bdf n]en aS; 

l:ks/, P;* / P;*Kn;sf] 

vl/bdf n]en o' ˆn]S; tyf 

gf]6 * sf] vl/bdf Ps af]6n 

l:ks/ l;Q}df kfpg] sDkgLn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

pQm pkxf/x?;Fu} 

;fd;ªn] cfˆgf cGo nf]slk|o 

df]8nx?df ef/L 5'6sf] Joj:yf 

klg u/]sf] 5 . ? ^)() sf] 5'6 

;lxt gf]6* h;sf] jf:tljs 

d"No ? !)@,(() /x]sf] lyof] 

ca ? (^,()) df pknAw 

x'g]5 . ;fy}, ? &))) sf] 5'6;Fu} 

P;*Kn;sf] d"No ? *^,()) 

af6 ? &(,()) tyf P;* sf] 

d"No ? &^,()) af6 ? ^(,()) 

to ul/Psf] 5 . 

To;}u/L, ? @))) sf] 5'6 

;lxt h]& k|f] / h]& DofS; sf] 

d"No qmdzM ? #@,()) af6 ? 

#),()) tyf ? @*,@() af6 

? @^,@() tf]lsPsf] 5 . h]& 

k|fOd@ sf] d"No ca ? @&, 

(() / J7 Nxt (32 GB) h]& 

PgPS;6Lsf] d"No ? @),(() 

lgwfl{|t ul/Psf] 5 h;sf] d"No 

qmdzM ? @*,(() / ? @!,(() 

/x]sf] lyof] eg] ? !@)) sf] 5'6 

;lxt cg PgPS;6Lsf] d"No ? 

@%,!() af6 ? @#,(() to 

ul/Psf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

hgtf a}+s / a'd /]ld6aLr ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–hgtf 

a}+s g]kfn lnld6]8n] cfˆgf] 

“hgtf /]dL6” sf] d'Vo Ph]G6 

eO{ sfd ug{ a'd /]ld6\ofG; 

nfO{ lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5 . laxLaf/ 

hgtf a}+ssf] tkm{af6 k|d'v 

sfo{sf/L clws[t k/;'/fd 

s'Fj/ If]qL]n] / a'd /]ld6\ofG;sf] 

tkm{af6 k|aGw lgb]{zs lw/]G› 

kGtn] ;Demf}tfdf x:tIf/ u/] . 

;Demf}tf adf]lhd …hgtf /]dL6Ú 

dfkm{t k7fPsf] /sd a'd 

/]ld6\ofG;n] cfˆgf] Ph]G6 

/ zfvfx? dfkm{t e'QmfgL 

ug]{ a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . o;sf 

;fy} a'd /]ld6\ dfkm{t g]kfnLn] 

ljb]zaf6 k7fPsf] /sd hgtf 

a}+sn] cfˆgf] Ph]G6 / zfvfx? 

dfkm{t e'QmfgL ug]{ hgfPsf] 

5 . xfn a'd /]ld6\ofG;n] 

vf8L d'n"sx¿ / xËsËaf6 

/]ld6\ofG;sf] sf/f]jf/ 

ub}{ cfPsf] atfPsf] 5 / o;n] 

rfF8} g} dn]l;of, sf]l/of, 

hfkfg, Sofg8f, c:6«]lnof, 

o'/f]k, O{h/fon, ef/t / 

cd]l/sfaf6 ;d]t sf/f]jf/ 

z'? ug]{ hgfPsf] 5 . 

a}+s ckm sf7df08"sf] ;d/ af]gfGhf ckm/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_– a}+s 

ckm sf7df08"sf] ;d/ 

af]gfGhf ckm/sf] 3f]if0ff 

u/]sf] 5 . o; ckm/df 

lacf]s]sf] 8]la6 cyjf 

qm]l86 sf8{ k|of]u ul/ 

g]kfnsf h'g;'s} lkcf]P; 

d]l;gdf k|of]u ubf{ u|fxsn] 

!) k|ltzt Sof;Aofs 

k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . a}+s ckm 

5 . pQm 5fqj[lQ ljBfyL{x?sf] 

cfufdL lbgsf] cWoogsf nflu 

;xhtf xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] 

sflnsf]6 lhNnfaf6 dfWolds 

lzIff xfl;n u/L sf7df8f}+df 

sf7df08"n] of] of]hgf r}t 

@$ ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] / ;Lldt 

cWoog/t h]x]Gbf/ tyf åGb 

lkl8t ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|bfg 

ul/Psf] a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

a}+sn] d'n'se/ km}lnPsf] 

cfˆgf] !(@ j6f zfvf 

sfof{nox? dfkm{t b]zsf 

ljleGg :yfgx?df ;fdflhs 

sfo{x?df ;xof]u ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 

/ eljiodf klg lg/Gt/ o;/L 

g} ;fdflhs sfo{x?df ;xof]u 

ul//xg] k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 

5 . o:tf sfo{qmdx?n] cGo 

;+3 ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?nfO{ 

klg ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] 

af]w u/fpg] / b]z ljsf;sf 

sfo{x?df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg 

k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ljZjf; a}+sn] 

lnPsf] 5 . 

cjlwsf nflu dfGo 

x'g] hgfPsf] 5 .of]hgf 

cGtu{t sf8{wgLn] 

b}lgs Ps xhf/;Dd / 

of]hgf cjlwe/ kfFr 

xhf/ ;Ddsf] Sof; 

Aofs kfpg] Aoj:yf 

ldnfOPsf] a}+s4f/f 

hf/L lj1KtLdf 

hgfOPsf] 5 . 

s}nfzsf] $^ cf}+ zfvf u'NdLdf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–s}nfz ljsf; a}+sn] u'NdL lhNnfsf] k'lt{3f6df 

$^ cf}F zfvf :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . pQm zfvfsf] laxLjf/ sfnLu08sL 

uf+pkfnlsf k|d'v j]b axfb'/ yfkfn] z'ef/De u/] . gofF zfvf ;lxt 

a}+ssf] zfvf ;+Vof $^ k'u]sf] 5 eg] Pl6Pd ;+Vof @@ k'u]sf] 5 . a}+sn] 

lgs6 eljiodf emfkf lhNnfsf] bds, af/f lhNnfsf] u+hejfgLk'/, 

l;/fxf lhNnfsf] a]Nxf, k;f{ lhNnfsf] lj/u+h tyf cGo ljleGg 

7f+px?df zfvf ;+rfng ug]{ tof/L ul//x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

/fli6«o :t/sf] o; ljsf; a}+ssf] r'Qmfk"FhL ?=@ cj{ %@ s/f]8 

/x]sf] 5 . o; ;+:yfn] xfn ;Dd ?=!( cj{ (# s/f]8 lgIf]k ;+sng 

u/L ? !* ca{ )( s/f]8 shf{ k|jfx u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . a}+sn] 

cTofw'lgs k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ub}{ ;d:t cfwf/e"t a}+lsª ;]jfsf] 

cnfjf df]afO{n a}+lsª, P;PdP; a}+lsª O{G6/g]6 a}+lsª ;]jf, z]o/ 

nufgLstf{x?sf] nflu ;L–cf:jf ;]jf, ;'ljwf e'QmfgL, /]ld6fG; ;]jf 

nufotsf ;]jfx? k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t cd[t 

r/0f >]i7n] atfP . 

l;l6hG; a}+ssf] * lbg] gub ljt/0f sfo{qmd 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–l;l6hG; a}+s OG6/g];gnn] ljZj vfB 

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf 

/ j]N6 x+u/ nfOkmsf] 

;xsfo{df * lbg;Dd 

gub ljQ/0f u/]sf] 

5 . a}+sn] ljz]ifu/L e'sDk 

k|efljt :yfgLosf]af6f] 

lgdf{0f u/]jfkt gub 

ljQ/0f u/]sf] xf] . @ 

xhf/ ^%) kl/jf/nfO{ # 

s/f]8 #! nfv !$ xhf/ 

?k}ofF gub k|jfx u/]sf] xf] . a} +sn] b]vfPsf] cu|;/tfn] :yfgLo ljsf; 

lgdf{0fsf] sfddf ;xof]u k'Ug'sf ;fy} ljkGg kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yfdf 

;'wf/ cfpg] ljZjf; a} +ssf gfoj k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t tyf k|jQmf 

u0f]z /fh kf]v/]nn] JoQm u/] . 

;dtf dfOqmf]kmfOgfG;sf] %) 

k|ltzt xsk|b cfpg] 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–;dtf dfOqmf]kmfOgfG; ljQLo ;+:yf lnld6]8 n] @ 

a/fa/sf] ! sf] cg'kftdf cyf{t r'Qmf k" FhLsf] %) k|ltzt xsk|b z]o/ 

hf/L ug] { ePsf] 5 . sDkgLn] xsk|b z]o/ lgisf;gsf nflu g]kfn g]kfn 

lwtf]kq af]8{df 

cfj]bg lbPsf 

5g\ . sDkgLn] 

Ps ;o ?k}ofF 

c+lst d"Nodf 

! nfv &( 

xhf/ ^)) lsQf 

xsk|b laqmL 

ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . 

sDkgLn] xsk|b 

z]o/ lgisf;gsf 

nflu PgcfO{laPn P; Soflk6nnfO{ laqmL k|aGws lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5 . 

af/fsf] l;d/fdf s]G›Lo sfof{no /x]sf] ;dtf dfOqmf]kmfOgfG; ut aif{sf] 

d'gfkmfaf6 nufgLstf{nfO{ @) k|ltzt af]g; ljt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . 

af]g;kZrft sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k" FhL # s/f]8 *( nfv @) xhf/ ?k}ofF 

k'u]sf] 5 . %) k|ltzt xsk|b laqmLkZrft sDkgLsf] r'Qmf k" FhL % s/f]8 

^* nfv *) xhf/ ?k}ofF k'Ug]5 . 

df5fk'R5]« a}+såf/f ljBfnonfO{ 

vfg]kfgL 6\of+sL x:tfGt/0f 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–df5fk'R5«|] a}+s lnld6]8n] ;+:yfut ;fdflhs 

pQ/bfloTj lgjf{x ug]{ qmddf k~r/Tg dfWoflds ljBfno latf{df]8–@, 

rf}t'af/L, emfkfsf] xftfdf 

ljwfyL{x?nfO{ :jR5 

vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ 

kfgL 6\of+sL tyf cfjZos 

k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] 

5 . ut r}t @! ut] Ps 

sfo{qmdsf ljr pQm 

kfgL 6\of+sL k|b]z g+= ! 

sf ;fdflhs ljsf; 

dGqL dfglgo hLjg 

l3ld/] tyf df5fk'R5«|] 

a}+s lnld6]8 ljtf{df]8 

zfvfsf zfvf k|aGws 

e/t k|;fO{af6 ;+o'tm 

?kdf ;d'b\3f6g u/L ljBfnonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] hgfPsf] 5 . 

a+}sn] k'j{df emfkf b]lv klZrddf sGrgk'/ ;fy} lxdfn b]lv kxf8, 

/ t/fO{;Dd cfˆgf ^@ j6f zfvfx?, $ j6f PS:6]G;g sfpG6/x? 

nufot !$ zfvf /lxt a}+s ;]jf ;d]t u/L hDdf *) :yfgaf6 

u|fxs dxfg'efjx?df ;Dk'0f{ a+}lsË ;'lawf k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/Lsf] nflu xfdL sxfF l;wf} 

;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL tkfO{sf] Ifdtf 

cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= @*)÷)^$÷)^% 

d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= )#÷)&)÷&! 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ ?kdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf 

hfg' k/]df xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ xfdL tkfO{sf] 

;Lk / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ljb]z k7fpFb5f} . 

;dfh ljsf; cleofg ;+:yfnfO{ 

dlxGb|f af]n]/f] lksck 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–d7dlGb/ 

ufO{ afR5f arfp tyf 

;dfh ljsf; cleofg gfds 

;+:yfnfO{ dlxG›f af]n]/f] 

lksck uf8L k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . 

of] ;+:yfn] ljleGg kLl8t, 

3fOt] Pj+ 5f8f 5f]l8Psf 

hgfj/x?sf] p4f/ ub}{ 

cfPsf] 5 . clUg OGskf]{/]6]8 

k|f=lnsf sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;'hg 

j}Bn] dlxG›f af]n]/f] uf8Lsf] 

;fFrf] pQm ;F:yfnfO{ k|bfg 

u/]sf] lyP . g]kfndf jflif{s 

sl/j cf7 xhf/ hgfj/ 

ljz]if u/L ;fF8] tyf afR5fx? 

/fhdfu{x?df To;} 5f]l8g] 

ul/G5 . 

sl/j @% xhf/ s's'/ 

Pj+ la/fnf] ;8sdf 5f8f 

?kdf sf7df8f}+sf ;8sx?df 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–z'qmaf/af6 

hgtf a}+s g]kfn lnld6]8 * 

jif{ k'/f ul/ ( cf}+ jif{df k|j]z 

u/]sf] 5 . o; cj;/df a}+sn] 

laleGg sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg 

u/]sf] 5 . k|eftkm]/LM ( cf}+ jif{ 

k|j]zsf] cj;/df a}+sn] z'qmaf/ 

ljxfg k|eftkm]/L ;DkGg ul/Psf] 

5 . a}lsË ;fIf/tf ;DaGwL 

r]tgf d'ns Aofg/ / Kn]sf8{ 

;lxt ;DkGg ePsf] k|eftkm]/L 

sfo{qmddf a+}s ;+rfns ;ldltsf 

cWoIf, ;+rfnsx?, / sf7df8f}+ 

pkTosfsf zfvfdf /x]sf ;a} 

sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 

lyof] . o:t} k|sf/sf] k|eftkm]/L 

sfo{qmd pkTosf aflx/ /x]sf 

cGo zfvfx?n] klg ;DkGg 

u/]sf 5g\ . 

lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo lzlj/M 

b]zsf] u|fld0f If]qdf /x]sf 

dlxnfx?sf] :jf:Yo cj:yfnfO{ 

dWogh/ ul/ hgtf a}+sn] cfˆgf] 

;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj 

cGtut …:j:Yo gf/L kxnÚ 

cleofg ;+rfng ul/ gf/Lx?sf] 

:jf:Yo If]qdf sfd ug]{ lg0f{o 

u/]sf] 5 . o;} nIonfO{ cjnDag 

ub}{ ( cf}+ jif{ k|j]zsf] cj;/df 

z'qmaf/ l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] rf}tf/f 

zfvfdf lgMz'Ns a[xt :jf:Yo 

lzlj/sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 

e]l6G5g\ . o:tf hgfj/x? 

vfgf, kfgL tyf pko'Qm 

jf;:yfgsf] sdLn] ubf{ b'Mv 

kfO/x]sf] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ 

ub}{ dlxG›fn] To:tf hgfj/ 

x?sf] hLjg p4f/sf] nflu 

sfo{/t ;+:yf d7dlGb/ ufO{ 

afR5f arfp tyf ;dfh 

ljsf; cleofg nfO{ uf8L 

k|bfg u/]sf] xf] . ;g\ !((! 

5 . pQm :jf:Yo lzlj/df sl/a 

%)) eGbf a9L hgf dlxnfx?n] 

:qL tyf k|;'lt /f]u ;DalGw 

kl/If0fsf nflu ;xeflu ePsf 

lyP . lzlj/df lgMz'Ns cf}iflwsf] 

;d]t Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 

lyof] . /Qmbfg sfo{qmdM a}+sn] 

x/]s jflif{sf]T;jdf /QmbfgnfO{ 

dxTjsf ;fy lg/Gt/tf lbb} 

cfPsf] 5 . o;} cj;/df 

r}q @# ut] a}+ssf] gofFafg]Zj/, 

la/f6gu/, x]6f}8f, gf/fo0f3f6, 

kf]v/f, j'6'jn, e}/xjf, g]kfnu~h 

/ wgu9L zfvfdf /Qmbfg 

sfo{qmd /flvPsf] lyof] . 

;xof]uM jfifL{sf]T;jsf] 

cj;/df a}+sn] gful/s 

;dfh k|lti7fg bdssf] h]i7 

gful/s cfjf;df efG;fsf]7f 

df g]kfndf :yfkgf ePsf] 

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