Plains Indian Studies - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

NUMBER 30
extended across Beringia to perhaps as far south
as Mexico (Matthews, 1976; Hopkins, 1976). This
population, which developed during the period
between 40,000 and 30,000 years ago, moved
northward into Siberia, bearing a core and flake
technology that eventually gave rise to the Diuktai
cultures, as well as to the earliest American
cultures. Perhaps, as Miiller-Beck (1966:1191)
suggests, there was an amount of cultural and
biological exchange between these peoples and
eastward-advancing Mousteroid cultures. This
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1970. Akmak: An Early Archeological Assemblage from
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1978. Two New Pleistocene Mammal Species from Beringia.
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Birdsell, Joseph B.
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Literature Cited
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would be supported by Birdsell's (1951) concept
that the original New World population was a
blend of primitive caucasoids with a generalized
mongoloid strain.
The problems associated with resolving these
questions are complex and require multidisciplinary
research designs. However, archeologists
must continue to search for and excavate sites of
the appropriate ages that hold promise for resolving
these questions—a sometimes very frustrating
endeavor.
ment. In Alan Bryan, editor. Early Man in America
from a Circum-Pacific Perspective. Department
of Anthropology, University of Alberta Occasional Papers
(Edmonton), 1:102-118.
1979. Pleistocene Bone Technology in the Beringian Refugium.
(Mercury Series) Archaeological Survey of
Canada Paper, 89. Ottawa: National Museum of
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Bryan, Alan L.
1965. Paleo-American Prehistory. Idaho State University
Museum Occasional Papers (Pocatello), 16.
1977a. Developmental Stages and Technological Traditions.
In Walter S. Newman and Bert Salwen,
editors, Amerinds and Their Paleoenvironments
in Northeastern North America. Annals of the New
York Academy of Sciences, 288:355-368.
1977b. Smith Creek Cave. Nevada State Museum Anthropological
Papers (Carson City), 17.
1978. An Overview of Paleo-American Prehistory from
a Circum-Pacific Perspective. In Alan Bryan, editor.
Early Man in America from a Circum-Pacific
Perspective. Department of Anthropology, University of
Alberta Occasional Papers (Edmonton), 1:306-327.
1979. A Directed Search for Pre-Clovis Man. Paper
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society
of American Archeology, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Bryan, Alan, R. Casomiquela, J. Cruxent, R. Gruhn, and C.
Ochsenius
1978. An El Jobo Mastodon Kill at Taima-Taima, Venezuela.
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Buckland, William
1822. Account of an Assemblage of Fossil Teeth and
Bones of Elephant, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus,
Bear, Tiger, and Hyaena and Sixteen Other Animals;
Discovered in a Cave at Kirkdale Yorkshire
in the Year 1821: With a Comparative View of
Five Similar Caves in Various Parts of England