Reuniting Anastasia - The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri
Reuniting Anastasia - The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri
Reuniting Anastasia - The Center for the Tebtunis Papyri
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<strong>Reuniting</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong>:<br />
P.bibl. univ. Giss. inv. 56 + P.Erl. 87<br />
(with Some Notes on O<strong>the</strong>r Erlangen <strong>Papyri</strong>)*<br />
With plate XXVI<br />
Todd M. Hickey (Berkeley, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia)<br />
For Professor Dr. Manfred Landfester<br />
For over thirty-five years, it has been known that <strong>the</strong> papyrus collections at <strong>the</strong><br />
university libraries in Giessen and Erlangen have included papyri from <strong>the</strong> dossier<br />
of <strong>the</strong> sixth-century Oxyrhynchite landowner Flavia <strong>Anastasia</strong>. 1 <strong>The</strong> Giessen<br />
<strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri, which comprise <strong>the</strong> majority of <strong>the</strong> dossier, were acquired<br />
through <strong>the</strong> Deutsches Papyruskartell (DPK) in 1910; <strong>the</strong>y were purchased from a<br />
certain Hagg Mahran, a dealer in Ashmunein. 2 Although <strong>the</strong> two Erlangen<br />
<strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri were not acquired until a much later date (almost twenty-five<br />
* <strong>The</strong> initial phase of my research on <strong>the</strong> dossier of Flavia <strong>Anastasia</strong> was generously supported<br />
by Dumbarton Oaks. I remain grateful to that marvelous institution, and, <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir kind assistance<br />
in connection with my visits to Giessen and Erlangen, to Birgit Eickhoff, Sigrid Kohlmann, Dr.<br />
Christa Frateantonio, Dr. Barbara Kuhn-Chen, Dr. Peter Kuhlmann, Dr. Christina Hofmann-<br />
Randall, and, especially, Prof. Dr. Manfred Landfester. Prof. Alain Martin generously furnished a<br />
copy of a paper still in press.<br />
1 Cf. J. van Haelst, „De nouvelles archives: <strong>Anastasia</strong>, proprietaire a Oxyrhynchus,"<br />
PapCongr. XI, 586-90. <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri are also part of collections in Cairo (<strong>the</strong> Egyptian<br />
Museum), Ox<strong>for</strong>d (Papyrology Rooms, Ashmolean Museum), Ann Arbor (University of Michigan),<br />
and New York City (Columbia University); <strong>the</strong> pieces in <strong>the</strong>se last two locations were not<br />
known to van Halest. An additional papyrus in Leuven was destroyed during <strong>the</strong> Second World<br />
War; it was published by van Haelst from a photograph, „De nouvelles archives: <strong>Anastasia</strong>,<br />
proprietaire a Oxyrhynchus," Cd'E 33 (1958) 237-42 (= SB VI9368).<br />
2 H.G. Gundel, <strong>Papyri</strong> biblio<strong>the</strong>cae universitatis Gissensis: Eine Einfiihrung (Kurzberichte aus<br />
den Giessener Papyrussammlungen 27), Giessen 1968, p. 5. <strong>The</strong>y were part of <strong>the</strong> sixth lot<br />
acquired by <strong>the</strong> DPK after <strong>the</strong> merger of its two Abteilungen in 1910, see A. Martin, „Les papyrus<br />
d'Oxyrhynchus et le marche des antiquites (a la lumiere des papiers du 'Deutsches<br />
Papyruskartell')," a paper to be published in <strong>the</strong> proceedings of 1998 British Academy symposium<br />
..Oxyrhynchus: A City and Its Texts." <strong>The</strong> purchase price <strong>for</strong> lot 6 was 16.68 Egyptian pounds.<br />
Martin's research indicates that Hagg Mahran (or „Hag Makran") was also <strong>the</strong> source <strong>for</strong> lot 33 of<br />
<strong>the</strong> DPK's (..documentary") Abteilung A, which was acquired by Wurzburg in 1906.
200 Archiv fiir Papyrus<strong>for</strong>schung 49/2,2003<br />
years later, in 1934) and came to <strong>the</strong> university through Carl Schmidt, 3 one of<br />
<strong>the</strong>m, P.Erl. 87, joins with a fragment in Giessen, P.bibl. univ. Giss. inv. 56. 4<br />
<strong>The</strong> fragments' disparate acquisition histories might be seen as supporting<br />
<strong>the</strong> notion that <strong>the</strong>ir separation occurred in antiquity. It is not difficult to imagine<br />
<strong>the</strong>m coming out of <strong>the</strong> ground as distinct pieces, or even being ..recovered" by<br />
two different „excavators." 5 Conversely, one can envision scenarios in which<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir papyrus was torn apart in <strong>the</strong> modern era. Very few of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri<br />
are intact, and many of <strong>the</strong>m are small fragments, which could indicate an attempt<br />
(or attempts) to boost profits by increasing <strong>the</strong> number of objects <strong>for</strong> sale. Yet if<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri were torn apart in modern times, one wonders why joins are<br />
not common in this dossier. 6 It is not certain, moreover, that <strong>the</strong> Erlangen<br />
pieces ever went through <strong>the</strong> hands of Hagg Mahran. <strong>The</strong> ubiquitous Nahman<br />
also figures in <strong>the</strong> history of <strong>the</strong> dossier, 7 and he was certainly known by<br />
3<br />
See P.Erl., p. v. P.Erl. 37 (cf. BL X 66) is <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>Anastasia</strong> text in <strong>the</strong> collection. It is<br />
unlikely to be a coincidence that Schmidt also provided <strong>the</strong> (now lost) <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyrus to<br />
Leuven. L. Le<strong>for</strong>t, Les manuscrits coptes de I'Universite de Louvain, Louvain 1940, p. 1, states<br />
that Schmidt ..declara avoir acquis ces pieces, au cours de ses voyages en £gypte, chez l'agent<br />
consulaire allemand a Louxor," but as T. Reekmans, „<strong>The</strong> Destroyed Papyrus Lovaniensis Graeca<br />
8bA," in Miscellanea in honorem Josephi Vergote, 504, notes, „It is not clear whe<strong>the</strong>r this<br />
in<strong>for</strong>mation refers to <strong>the</strong> Coptic literary texts, to all <strong>the</strong> Coptic papyri, or to <strong>the</strong> entire lot (including<br />
<strong>the</strong> Greek documents)."<br />
4<br />
Van Haelst, PapCongr. XI, 587-88, did not identify P.bibl. univ. Giss. inv. 56 as part of <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Anastasia</strong> ..archive."<br />
3<br />
P.Oxy. XLIV 3204 (+BL VIII 267) is one of <strong>the</strong> few <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri to derive from an<br />
authorized excavation. Unear<strong>the</strong>d during Grenfell and Hunt's first season at Oxyrhynchus (1896-<br />
97). it is a ..deed of surety," like <strong>the</strong> text appearing here; both papyri may have been archived (and<br />
thrown out) toge<strong>the</strong>r. For <strong>the</strong> connection between Grenfell and Hunt's excavations and <strong>the</strong><br />
Oxyrhynchus papyri that <strong>the</strong> DPK acquired on <strong>the</strong> antiquities market, see Martin, „Les papyrus<br />
d'Oxyrhynchus." Of course <strong>the</strong> DPK obtained <strong>the</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri now in Giessen a few years<br />
after Grenfell and Hunt had left <strong>the</strong> site in 1907. Since <strong>the</strong> lot to which <strong>the</strong>y belong was assigned<br />
to Giessen on 6 July 1910 (so Martin, „Les papyrus d'Oxyrhynchus"), it would seem unlikely that<br />
<strong>the</strong>se pieces could have been spirited away during Pistelli's first season at Oxyrhynchus (February<br />
-2 April 1910).<br />
6<br />
An observation based only, of course, on <strong>the</strong> material that is known to me.<br />
7<br />
It was from Nahman, who ..assorbiva quasi tutte le <strong>for</strong>niture dei contadini e trafficanti e<br />
intermediari indigeni" (D. Morelli and R. Pintaudi, eds., Cinquant'anni di papirologia in Italia,<br />
Naples 1983, p. 287, n. 2), that Bell acquired <strong>the</strong> Columbia piece (inv. 523) in 1930. For Bell's<br />
report on Nahman's offerings, see:<br />
http://www.Iib.umich.edu/pap/Michigan%20Papyrus%20Collection/Reports/1930/7_17_30_be<br />
ll.html [24.vi.03].<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyrus was <strong>the</strong> first piece in lot II. It should be noted that it is an „outlier"<br />
chronologically, dating to 15.V.571.<br />
I have not discovered any evidence of contact between Hagg Mahran and Nahman [who died<br />
on 12 March 1948, see R. Pintaudi, „Documenti per una storia della papirologia in Italia,"<br />
AnalPap 5 (1993) 158, n. 6].<br />
n<br />
c<br />
e<br />
I'<br />
e:<br />
H<br />
ll
one of<br />
,4<br />
'died<br />
alia,"<br />
T.M. Hickey, <strong>Reuniting</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> 201<br />
Schmidt; 8 but Schmidt knew many dealers. 9<br />
To return to less speculative matters: <strong>The</strong> joined fragments preserve <strong>the</strong> beginning<br />
of a document. Present are its Christian invocation, chronological <strong>for</strong>mulae,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> name and description of its addressee, Flavia <strong>Anastasia</strong>; reference is<br />
also made to her intermediary. <strong>The</strong> remains of <strong>the</strong> endorsement on its back reveal<br />
that it is a surety, almost certainly a surety <strong>for</strong> some sort of enapographos. This<br />
document (sub)type is a distinctive characteristic of <strong>the</strong> late Oxyrhynchite corpus<br />
of papyri, 10 and it is well represented in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> dossier. 11 <strong>The</strong> text's orthography<br />
is below <strong>the</strong> standard of <strong>the</strong> dossier; <strong>the</strong>re is also a dating error (cf. n. 11. 5-<br />
7 below). 12<br />
<strong>The</strong> reconstituted text will appear as P.<strong>Anastasia</strong> 10 in my edition of <strong>the</strong><br />
dossier.<br />
Pbibl. univ. Giss. inv. 56 (left frag.): 6.7 x 6.2 cm<br />
P.Erl. 87 (right frag.): 10.2 x 12.3 cm<br />
25.xi.591<br />
PI. XXVI<br />
On <strong>the</strong> Erlangen fragment, <strong>the</strong>re is a vertical kollesis approximately 5.1-5.3 cm from <strong>the</strong> right edge<br />
of <strong>the</strong> papyrus. In lines 3-8, a vertical stroke (I) approximates <strong>the</strong> break between <strong>the</strong> two fragments.<br />
1 f ev 6v6|icm [tou KJupiou mi 8eo"jcotou 'It|0"ou XprjaTou tou<br />
8eot> KCCI £amjp[oc,] "nuibv, paaiX-eiac, tou Geiotatou<br />
Kal euaepeatatolu i\\i&v Seajiotou iieviattou) euepyetou<br />
4 d>X.aouiou Maupiiceliou Neou TiPepiou tou aicoviou 'AKOUGtou<br />
xai AutoKpatolpoc, etoc, beKa,xr\q, ujiauac, tou autou<br />
euoePeotatou fjIp-Sv Secjcotou etoc, SEKOVCTIC,,<br />
'A0d)p KT| iv8(iKtiovoc,) 'i. I vacat<br />
8 See, e.g., S. Giversen, „Carl Schmidt und H.O. Lange," in Carl-Schmidt-Colloquium an der<br />
Martin-Lu<strong>the</strong>r-Universitat 1988, Halle an der Saale, 54-58, concerning <strong>the</strong> Coptic Manichaean<br />
material from Medinet Madi.<br />
9 About Schmidt, H.O. Lange wrote, „Er ist ein sehr erfahrener Kaufer von Papyrus; er ist mit<br />
alien Handlem hier [Cairo or Egypt] bekannt" (Giversen, „Carl Schmidt," 57). Part of <strong>the</strong> obituary<br />
that Vergote wrote <strong>for</strong> Schmidt [Cd'E 13 (1938) 338] also seems worthy of repetition: „Un<br />
souvenir inoubliable pour quiconque put y [Schmidt's apartment] penetrer...tous les tiroirs bourres<br />
de papyrus, de parchemins, d'ostraca, et de bandelettes de momie aux inscriptions demotiques. Le<br />
novice en egyptologie ne se represente pas autrement un bazar orientale. Schmidt etait en effet un<br />
collectionneur passionnee et il rapportait encore autre chose de ses randonnees presque annuelles<br />
en fegypte que les documents publies par lui personnellement. Abstraction faite de Londres et de<br />
Paris, il foumit presque tous les musees d'Europe et plusieurs collections d'Amerique de papyrus<br />
et d'ostraca demotiques, grecs et coptes.<br />
10 For <strong>the</strong> enapographoi, see P.Oxy. LXVII 4615, n. 1. 6, as well as <strong>the</strong> discussion in T.M.<br />
Hickey, „A Public 'House' but Closed: 'Fiscal Participation' and Economic Decision Making on<br />
<strong>the</strong> Oxyrhynchite Estate of <strong>the</strong> Flavii Apiones," diss. Chicago 2001,100-7.<br />
11 See already van Haelst, PapCongr. XI, 587.<br />
12 Concerning P.Erl. 87, J. Rea wrote, „[t]he spelling is odd as well as <strong>the</strong> counting" (P.Oxy.<br />
LVIII, p. 53).
202<br />
12<br />
Archiv fiir Papyrus<strong>for</strong>schung 49/2,2003<br />
L Xaouict Avaaltacio: tfj evSoJjotdtn. eKko-<br />
[oxpia Guyatpi tou x]f[
T.M. Hickey, <strong>Reuniting</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> 203<br />
For illoustria, see J. Beaucamp, Le statut de lafemme a Byzance 2, Paris 1992,<br />
12-13, and, concerning <strong>the</strong> acquisition of titles by women, 132-39.<br />
9ff. For <strong>the</strong> restorations in <strong>the</strong>se lines, cf. BL X 67.<br />
11 <strong>The</strong>re are traces underneath <strong>the</strong> omega-sigma of poleos and <strong>the</strong> delta of dia.<br />
12 In <strong>the</strong> dossier, <strong>Anastasia</strong>'s affairs are typically managed by a peribleptos<br />
homes kai dioiketes (almost invariably someone named Phoibammon).<br />
Exclusively here her agent or, probably more appropriately, intermediary, is an<br />
endoxotato's, that is, someone who is her equal. Is this <strong>Anastasia</strong>'s husband, a<br />
sibling, or a colleague?<br />
eX-: Presumably eAJXootpiou, cf. 11. 8-9.<br />
Translation<br />
"In <strong>the</strong> name of <strong>the</strong> Lord and Master Jesus Christ, our God and Savior, in <strong>the</strong><br />
reign of our most godly and most pious master, greatest benefactor, Flavius<br />
Mauricius, New Tiberius, <strong>the</strong> eternal Augustus and Imperator, year ten, in <strong>the</strong><br />
consulship of our same most pious master year ten, Hathyr 28, indiction 10. To<br />
Flavia <strong>Anastasia</strong>, <strong>the</strong> most glorious illoustria, daughter of Menas son of Eudaimon<br />
of glorious memory, landowner here in <strong>the</strong> splendid city of <strong>the</strong> Oxyrhynchites,<br />
through you, Flavius PN, <strong>the</strong> most glorious illoustrios..."<br />
Back: "Surety <strong>for</strong> Philoxenos..."<br />
Some notes on papyri in Erlangen<br />
<strong>The</strong> 8. Internationale Konferenz fiir demotische Studien in Wurzburg af<strong>for</strong>ded me<br />
<strong>the</strong> opportunity to examine <strong>the</strong> two known <strong>Anastasia</strong> papyri in Erlangen and to<br />
search <strong>for</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> collection. During my short visit, I was also able to reread<br />
some of <strong>the</strong> texts that Schubart had published in P.Erl. My notes concerning<br />
eleven of <strong>the</strong>se texts follow. Since Schubart did not describe <strong>the</strong> physical<br />
characteristics of <strong>the</strong> papyri, I have included any in<strong>for</strong>mation of this nature that I<br />
recorded during my visit.<br />
P.Erl. 33<br />
3.7 x 10.5 cm. <strong>The</strong>re is a blank space (±3 letters) following Zcotqi in line 1.<br />
2 Xoyiatfi [...-> Xoyiatfi ['Apoivoitou, cf. P.Grenf. U 79 i.l, ii.l (+BL III<br />
71); P.Rain. Cent. 84.1, SB VI 9192.1. This supplement has been implied since at<br />
least 1964 (J. Lallemand, L'administration civile de I'Egypte de I'avenement de<br />
Diocletien a la creation du diocese, Brussels, p. 113, n. 4), but it seems to have<br />
escaped <strong>the</strong> notice of <strong>the</strong> editors of <strong>the</strong> BL.
204 Archiv fur Papyrus<strong>for</strong>schung 49/2,2003<br />
P.Erl. 56<br />
11.7x9.7 cm.<br />
3 Jtojtou "Ana ITvouOiou —> ] tonou ana IlajtvouGtou, cf. Timm 3: 1452,<br />
4: 1680, 6: 2760. (For topos, see PMon. Apollo, p. 15 and n. 77.)<br />
7 'ApKou —»'Apriout(oc,).<br />
P.Erl. 64<br />
9.2 x 8.6 cm. Lines 4ff. in a second hand.<br />
Line 3 (not edited) reads: ] xp[u]aou vo^iojidtia [.<br />
6 ]eqt oyaitepa tou rcapovtoc, [...—>] eypaya unep autou rcapovtoc,<br />
[ypduuata un. ei86toc, (or similar).<br />
P.Erl. 65<br />
8.7 x 6.7 cm.<br />
6 'ATttpouavavet -> 'Arctpouav 'Aet, cf. BL X 149. 'Aei is followed by faint<br />
traces of 2-4 letters (not indicated in Schubart's transcription).<br />
9 e A.eco9() —> evteuG(ev).<br />
P.Erl. 67<br />
34.4 x 19.6 cm, written with <strong>the</strong> fibers. <strong>The</strong>re is a vertical kollesis 7.0-8.9 cm from <strong>the</strong> right edge<br />
of <strong>the</strong> papyrus. New hands begin at two points not indicated by Schubart: AupfjA-ioi (1. 18) and +<br />
&7cct Sicov (or 'Anaoicov, cf. BL XI 305; 1. 22).<br />
18 drcoScooouev -» dnoSoocouev. For <strong>the</strong> orthography, cf., e.g., P.Hamb. I<br />
5.21.<br />
19K(al) -MKai).<br />
P.Erl. 68<br />
6.0 x 18.1 cm, written against <strong>the</strong> fibers. <strong>The</strong>re is a horizontal kollesis just above <strong>the</strong> last line.<br />
It seems probable that <strong>the</strong> tarsikarios who appears here (Damianos) is <strong>the</strong><br />
fa<strong>the</strong>r of <strong>the</strong> one in Stud. Pal. DI 190 (Kosmas). <strong>The</strong> provenance of both of <strong>the</strong>se<br />
texts is <strong>the</strong> Herakleopolite (<strong>for</strong> Stud.Pal. HI 190, cf. BL VH1,436). Also note<br />
Stud. Pal. Ill 562.2, but that text is from <strong>the</strong> Arsinoite.<br />
2 Read (ytvetat) between oppu(^ov) and xpu(otou).<br />
3 ]q tf|c, Jtapou(or| UT|v6]c, tfjc, 7iapou(ar| eyp(dq)T|) ".(nvoc,) 0a)(0) y iv8(iKt{ovocJ e.
T.M. Hickey, <strong>Reuniting</strong> <strong>Anastasia</strong> 205<br />
P.Erl. 73<br />
21.3x10.2 cm.<br />
18 EV tfj autffj] -> EV tfj aut(fj).<br />
24 Katayatm -> Katayyaico. For <strong>the</strong> orthography, cf. Stud. Pal. X 259.2, a<br />
papyrus that likewise concerns Strategius paneuphemos (cf. J. Banaji, Agrarian<br />
Change in Late Antiquity: Gold, Labour and Aristocratic Dominance, Ox<strong>for</strong>d<br />
2001, pp. 233-34).<br />
29 xpuavou -> xpuoou.<br />
P.Erl. 74<br />
14.2x10.7 cm.<br />
Line 2 begins: y]i(vetai), cf. BL JE 52 (as opposed to BL VHI 121).<br />
12 . ,] Kai E7t£p(a>tT|6e!c,) —>ypa]tp(ev) mi Ejr,ep(a>tT|9ei &% djrn.Xi(otou.<br />
19 Kai otpoPfiXcov -> Kai o"tqxu[cov 8£p.a/8ep.ata.<br />
RErl. 78<br />
8.3 x 6.7 cm.<br />
Line 6 should read 'OjcjupoyxvcSv xaipEiv.<br />
Line 8 should read EV tfj tpuyfn tou MEOOPT) privoc,.<br />
Line 9 should read [xfj
206 Archiv flir Papyrus<strong>for</strong>schung 49/2,2003<br />
P.Erl. 115<br />
7.2 x 8.1 cm.<br />
Line 2, iA.oKupi. () np np uup(ac,): ,Jst es ein Name?" and ..Myriaden passen<br />
nur zu Geld; aber dpyup( ) kann man vorher nicht lesen" appear in Schubart's<br />
notes, but iA.oKup{ou dpyup(iou) is certain. For <strong>the</strong> name Philokyrios, which is<br />
highly suggestive of a slave (or freedman), see R.S. Bagnall, Egypt in Late<br />
Antiquity, Princeton 1993,126 and n. 81.<br />
3 yt(v£tai), pK uov(a) —» yi(vovtai) (Snvapiaw u.upid8£c,) pK uo(vai).<br />
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