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CARNEOIE
LIBRARY OF
PI1TSBUROH
Science and Technology Department

i^^'^j

Carnegie Library of "Pittsburgh
Reference Lists
Prepared "by
The Technology I>epartment
Vol.2
1909-1910
r 016 C21re
vol. 2
Carnegie Library of
Pittsburgh.
[Reference lists
prepared by the
1904-1911.

CZi re

Contents
Metal corrosion and protection. Ed,2.
Electric heating and cooking.
Technical indexes and bibliographies ap­
pearing serially.
Sewage disposal and treatment.
One hundred recent books on agriculture.
Industrial accidents.

CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION
REFERENCES TO BOOKS AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, July igog
SECOND EDITION
REVISED AND ENLARGED
PITTSBURGH
CARNEGIE LIBRARY
1909

Contents
Bibliography and Index
Corrosion
s
g
General and Theoretical 6
Corrosion by Electrolysis i8
Corrosion by Salt Water 30
Corrosion by Vapors - 34
Boiler Corrosion 35
Pipe Corrosion -^g
Corrosion of Structural Work 41
Protection against Corrosion 42
General 42
Cement and concrete 42
Enamels and Lacquers 47
Galvanizing and Tinning - - 48
Magnetic Oxid - 51
Paint 53
Paper - 61
23^336
Page

Metal Corrosion and Protection
This list appears in response to a persistent demand for the list on
this subject reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin of December 1906.
As the edition is now exhausted and as the technical press during the
past two years has given much attention to corrosion, galvanizing, etc.,
it seemed advisable to bring the list up to date. The revision was
undertaken by Mr Walter C. Holmes of the Technology department
and an effort has been made to include everything of value up to July i,
1909.
The list is intended primarily for use at this Library and all material
listed may be found here.
In the titles of books and articles uniformity in spelling has not
been attempted, the spelling of the original having been followed in
each case.
The following abbreviations have been used:
Diag. diagrams. no. number.
Dr. drawings. p. page,
ed. edition. pi. plate.
111. illustrations. pt. part,
n. d. no date. v. volume,
n. s. new series. w. words.
Bibliography and Index
E. H. MCCLELLAND,
Technology Librarian.
England—Patent office.
Abridgment of specifications, new series. 1855-1904. 111.
Class 20, Buildings and structures. 1906 p.
Class 41, Electrolysis. 430 p.
Class 123, Incrustation and corrosion, prevention and removing in steam generators,
water heating pipes and the like. 2781 p.
Class 95, Paints and compositions, antif'ouling. 496 p.
Class 113, Ships. 1661 p.
Abridgments of all British patents, arranged by subjects. Much information on
preservative coatings. Classifications for the periods 1617-1855 and 1904-1908 are
in preparation.
tJberziehen des eisens mit anderen metallen. 3 p. igo8. (In Stahl und
eisen, Gesamt-inhaltsverzeichnis der jahrgange i bis 26, 1881-1906.
1908. p.242.)
Indexes carefully the contents of "Stahl und eisen,'' giving rust prevention methods
under eleven different heads. Includes patents.

6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Corrosion
General and Theoretical
Adie, R.
On the corrosion of metals. lo p. 1845. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.4, p.323.)
Shows that saturated salt solutions are a great protection from corrosion.
Akerman, R.
Ueber das rosten des eisens. 4,200 w. 1882. (In Stahl und eisen,
V.2, p.417.)
Considers theory of rusting, especially of protective metal coatings, and of the influence
of manganese in the rusting of steel.
Alford, H. Carroll.
Corrosion of iron and its prevention. 2,200 w. 1901. (In Proceedings
of the St. Louis Railway Club, v.s, April 12, p.9.)
Theory of rust formation and preventive measures.
American Society for Testing Materials. 1,800 w. 1906. (In Iron age,
^n, P-20S7.)
Abstracts of papers at ninth annual meeting of the society: corrosion of tube steel,
corrosion of wire fencing, electrolysis in structural steel, etc.
Andes, Louis Edgar.
Der eisenrost; seine bildung, gefahren und verhutung unter besonderer
beriicksichtigung der verwendung des eisens als bau- und constructionsmaterial.
292 p. 111. 1898.
Treats very fully of rust formation and gives many methods of prevention, chiefly
by preservative paints.
Andrews, Thomas.
Effect of stress on the corrosion of metals. 6,000 w. 111. 1894. (In
Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.ii8, p.
356.)
Bauer, O.
Uber den einfluss der reihenfolge von zusatzen zum flusseisen auf
die widerstandsfahigkeit gegen verdiinnte schwefelsaure. 1,000 w.
Diag. dr. 1905. (In Mitteilungen aus dem Koniglichen Materialpriifungsamt,
v.23, p.292.)
Considers the influence of aluminium and tungsten on the corrosion of steel in
dilute sulphuric acid.
Breuil, Pierre.
Corrosion tests on copper steels. 400 w. Dr. 1907. (In Journal of
the Iron and Steel Institute, v.74, p.41.)
Experiments using sulphuric acid as corrosive liquid "make copper steels rank in
value with nickel steels in respect of corrosion.'*
Breuil, Pierre.
Corrosion tests on the [copper] steels as rolled. 1,200 w. 1907. (In
Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.74, p.6o.)
Tests show corrosion to take place much more slowly with rolled steel.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 7
Brown, A. Crum.
On the chemical processes involved in the rusting of iron. 1,200 w.
1888. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.33, p.129.)
Discussion, 800 w.
Rusting caused by action of carbon dioxid and oxygen.
Bruhl, Paul.
On the preservation of instruments and machinery in Bengal.
10,000 w. 1903. (In Engineer, London, v.96, p.ioi, 125, 147.)
Effect of warm, moist climate, particularly on delicate instruments.
Buchanan, J. F.
Corrosion of metals. 2,200 w. 1904. (In Foundry, v.24, p.160.)
Briefly considers relative corrosion of the more useful metals and alloys.
Burgess, Charles F.
Corrosion of iron from the electrochemical standpoint. 32 p. Diag.
dr. ill. 1908. (In Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society,
V.13, p.i7.)
Discussion, 6 p.
The same, without discussion. (In Electrical review. New York, v.S3,
p.371, 436.)
Considers the influence of strain and of inequalities of temperature on corrosion.
Burgess, Charles F. & Engle, S. G.
Observations on the corrosion of iron by acids. 3,000 w. 1906. (In
Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, v.9, p.199.)
Effect of normal solutions of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids on electrolytic iron.
Calvert, F. Grace.
Experiments on the oxidation of iron. 1,000 w. 1871. (In Chemical
news, v.23, p.98.)
Paper before the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.
Indicates that "carbonic acid is the agent which determines the oxidation of iron.''
Corrosion and protection of metal surfaces. 9,500 w. 1897. (In Workshop
receipts, v.5, p.283.)
Takes up copper, iron and steel, lead, silver and zinc.
Corrosion of iron. 4,700 w. 1907. (In Electrochemical and metallurgical
industry, v.S, p.363.)
Gives in condensed form papers by Walker and Cushman.
See also editorial, p.343.
Corrosion of iron: rusting. 3,500 w. 1907. (In Engineering news, v.s8,
p.328.)
See also editorial, p.339-
The same. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.75, p.1566.)
Consideration of paper by Cushman, with reference also to Walker's experiments.
Cranfield, W.
Iron; its oxidation, corrosion, protection. 7,000 w. 1909. (In Journal
of gas lighting, v.io6, p.443.)
Paper before the Yorkshire Junior Gas Association.
Discusses theory, corrosive agents and the preservative values of various coatin^gs.
Crowe, Edward.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 2,600 w. Dr. 1909. (In Proceedings
of the Cleveland Institution of Engineers, session of 1908-09, p.148.)

8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Crowe, Edward—continued.
The same, condensed. 1,200 w. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.78,
P-34I-)
Discussion.
Does not enter into the theory of corrosion but describes special instances and suggests
causes and methods of prevention.
Curious case of corrosion. 200 w. 111. 1894. (In Engineering, v.S7, p.
544-)
Illustration of an iron bar in which laminations appear; certain layers badly corroded
and intermediate ones bright.
Curry, B, E.
Electrolytic corrosion of the bronzes. 6,800 w. Diag. 1906. (In
Journal of physical chemistry, v.io, p.474.)
Determination of effect of corrosion in common salt solutions.
Curry, B. E.
Electrolytic corrosion of the bronzes. 25 p. Dr. 1906. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.9, p.173.)
"It is the purpose of this research to study the corroding effects of some of the
more common reagents on the copper-tin series of alloys."
Cushman, Allerton S.
Corrosion of fence wire. 31 p. 1905. (In United States—Department
of agriculture. Farmers' bulletin no.239.)
The same, condensed. 3,000 w. (In Iron age, v.77, p.207.)
Investigation undertaken for the mutual advantage of consumer and manufacturer.
Claims that the uneven distribution of manganese causes part of the trouble, owing to
electrolytic action.
Cushman, Allerton S.
Corrosion of iron. 18 p. Dr. ill. 1907. (In Proceedings of the
American Society for Testing Materials, v.7, p.211.)
Cushman, Allerton S.
Corrosion of iron. 35 p. Dr. ill. 1907. (In United States—Office
of public roads. Bulletin no.30.)
The same. (In Chemical news, v.99, p.8, 14.)
The same, condensed. 4,400 w. (In Iron age, v.8o, p.370.)
See also editorial, p.995.
The same, condensed. 5,500 w. (In Scientific American supplement,
V.64, p.151.)
Abundant references to original sources.
Describes and illustrates experiments of the author tending to establish the electrolytic
theory of corrosion. .\uthor's own belief is that "the whole subject...is an
electrochemical one, which can be readily explained under the modern theory of
solutions."
Cushman, Allerton S.
Corrosion of steel. 4,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the Franklin Institute,
v.i6s, p.m.)
Cushman, Allerton S.
Electrolysis and corrosion. 3,800 w. 1908. (In Proceedings of the
American Society for Testing Materials, v.S, p.238.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.58, p.349.)
Discussion of electrolytic corrosion and its physico-chemical explanation.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 9
Cushman, Allerton S.
Electrolytic theory of the corrosion of iron. 2,200 w. 1907. (In
Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, v.12, p.403.)
Discussion, 600 w.
The same. (In Electrical engineer, London, v.47, p.701.)
Cushman, Allerton S.
Preservation of iron and steel. 11,000 w. 111. 1909. (In Iron and
coal trades review, v.78, p.735.)
The same. (In Engineering, v.87, p.710, 742.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineer, London, v.107, p.537, 565.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Ironmonger, v.127, P.14.J
Paper before the Iron and Steel Institute.
Consideration of the nature and degree of protection to metals by metallic coatings,
paints and cement, with applications of the electrochemical theory.
Davis, R. O. E.
Corrosion of iron. 900 w. 1907. (In Chemical engineer, v.5, p.174.)
Experiments indicate that water and oxygen are the only essentials for corrosion.
Davis, W. A.
Rusting of iron. 4,400 w. Dr. 1907. (In Science progress in the
twentieth century, v.i, p.408.)
Traces development of theories, concluding that rusting is caused by the action of
water containing traces of acid on iron in the presence of oxygen.
Dunstan, Wyndham Rowland, and others.
Rusting of iron. 26 p. Dr. 1905. (In Journal of the Chemical Society,
v.87, pt.2, p.1548.j
Claims proof that for the rusting of iron the presence of oxygen and water only is
necessary and that "in the ordinary atmospheric rusting of pure iron electrolytic action
does not occur."
English, F. M.
Lecture on toncan metal. 2,500 w. 1909. (In ^Nletal worker, v.71,
June 12, p.67.)
The same. (In Industrial world, v.43, p.730.)
Description of a metal with the working properties of soft steel which offers unusual
resistance to corrosion. Theory of corrosion is taken up.
Fraser, Alexander G.
Relative rates of corrosion of acid and basic steel. 16 p. Folding pi.
1907. (In Journal of the West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute, v.14,
p.82.)
Discussion, p. 112. 20 p.
The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Iron age, v.79, p.1196.)
Tests in air, river water, salt water and sulphuric acid.
Friend, J. Newton.
Rusting of iron. 28 p. Dr. 1908. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel
Institute, v.77, PS-)
Experimental results indicate that "the rusting of iron is primarily the result of
acid attack" rather than of electrochemical nature and that the hygroscopic nature of
rust underlies its corrosive action.
Garrett, John Henry.
Action of water on lead; being an inquiry intp the cause and mode
of the action and its prevention. 116 p. 1891.

10 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Gee, W. W. Haldane.
Electrolytic corrosion. 6,500 w. Diag. dr. 1908. (In Electrician,
London, v.6i, p.66, 98.)
Thti same, condensed. 4,500 w. (In Electrical engineering, London,
V.3, P-5S9-)
The same, condensed. 1,300 w. (In Electrical review, London, v.62,
p.692.)
Paper before the Manchester local section of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.
Notes on conditions under which corrosion takes place.
Gesellschaft fUr Hochdruck-Rohrleitungen.
Wasserbeschaffenheit und korrosionen. 4,000 w. 111. 1909. (In its
Rohrleitungen, p.127.)
Considers action of water on iron, especially of boiler-waters, and methods of protection.
Gore, G.
Influence of ordinary chemical corrosion [on voltaic action]. 5 p.
n. d. (In his Art of electrolytic separation of metals, p.65.)
Considers influence of kind of substance on chemical corrosion, influence of temperature
on corrosion and includes table showing corrosion series of the metals at
60" F. and 160* F.
Gore, G.
On some relations of chemical corrosion to voltaic current. 10 p.
1884. (In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, v.36, p.331.)
"Chief object of this research was to ascertain the amounts of voltaic current produced
by the chemical corrosion of known weights of various metals in different liquids."
Gore, G.
Some relations of heat to voltaic and thermo-electric action of
metals in electrolytes. 2,800 w. 1883. (In Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London, v.36, p.So.)
Abstract. Many experiments tended to show that "the most chemically-positive
metals were usually the most quickly corroded, and the corrosion.. .was usually the
fastest with the most acid solutions... Corrosion was not the cause of pure thermoelectric
action of metals in liquids."
Gore, G.
Some relations of heat to voltaic and thermo-electric action of
metals in electrolytes. 40 p. 111. 1883. (In Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London, v.37, p.2Si.)
Examines "the relations of the thermo-electric to the chemico-electric behaviour of
metals in electrolytes, and to ordinary chemical corrosion, and the source of voltaic
currents."
Gruner.
Recherches sur I'oxydabilite relative des fontes, des aciers et des fers
doux. 1,000 w. 1883. (In Comptes rendus des seances de 1'Academic
des sciences, v.96, p. 195.)
Hambuechen, Carl.
Experimental study of the corrosion of iron under different conditions.
40 p. Diag. ill. 1900. (In Bulletin of the University of Wisconsin;
engineering series, v.2, no.8.)
"Bibliography," p.274.
Concludes that character and rapidity of corrosion depend upon physical and chemical
properties of the object and that "the application of stress to metals causes an increase
in chemical activity."

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION ii
Hamlet, William M.
On the protection of iron and other metal work. 750 w. 1903. (In
Chemical news, v.88, p.219.)
Paper before the Royal Society of New South Wales.
Brief review of theories and recent work.
Heyn, E. & Bauer, O.
Uber den angriff des eisens durch wasser und wasserige losungen.
104 p. Folding pi. 1908. (In Mitteilungen aus dem Koniglichen Materialpriifungsamt,
v.26, p.i.)
The same, condensed. 4,800 w. (In StahJ und eisen, v.28, p.1564.)
The same, abstract translation. 400 w. (In Journal of the Iron and
Steel Institute, v.78, p.663.)
Experiments to determine the cause of corrosion, the necessary active agents, the
influence of contact of iron with other metals, comparative corrosion of irons of different
compositions and the comparative attack of various liquids on iron.
Howe, Henry M.
Corrosion of iron. II p. 1895. (In his Metallurgy of steel, ed.4,
V.I, p.94)
Considers influence of surrounding conditions and of chemical composition, and the
relative values of protective coatings.
Howe, Henry M.
Relative corrosion of wrought iron and steel. S,6oo w. 1895. (In
Mineral industry, v.4, p.429.)
•The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
V.50, p.427.)
Gives results both from laboratory experiments and from actual industrial use.
Howe, Henry M.
Relative corrosion of wrought iron and steel. 1,800 w. Dr. 1906.
(In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.6,
p.155.)
Discussion, 7,000 w.
The same, condensed. 1,300 w. (In American machinist, v.29, p.49.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering magazine, v.31, p.750.)
Tlie same, condensed. (In Industrial world, v.40, p.228.)
Tlie same, condensed. (In Iron age, v.77, P-2047.)
Rapid corrosion of steel in many instances may be due to the inferior quality of the
steel.
Howe, Henry M.
Relative corrosion of wrought iron, soft steel and nickel steel.
1,500 w. Dr. 1900. (In Engineering and mining journal, v.70, p.188.)
Irvine, Robert.
On the corrosion of iron. 500 w. Dr. 1891. (In Journal of the Society
of Chemical Industry, v.io, p.237.)
.Attributes corrosion largely to galvanic action between dissimilar varieties of iron.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Electrolytic corrosion of the bottom of oil tanks and of other structures.
4,300 w. Dr. ill. 1908. (In Transactions of the American Electrochemical
Society, v.14, p.189.)
Discussion, 900 w.
Corrosion of oil-tanks thought to be caused by galvanic action set up by the distribution
of acid or alkaline electrolytes over the iron surface.

12 C-\RXEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Koller, Theodor.
Praktische erfahrungen iiber rostschutzmittel und deren bedeutung
fiir die technik. 4,500 w. 1901. (In Glasers annalen fiir gewerbe und
bauwesen, v.48, p.161.)
Considers atmospheric action on metals and composition of many protective coverings.
Kosmann, B.
Ueber die corrosion von fluss- und schweisseisen und iiber den zerfall
von legirungen. 2,100 w. 1893. (In Stahl und eisen, v.13, pt.l,
P-I49.)
The same, condensed. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.43,
P-399.)
Difference in resistance to corrosion of ingot and weld iron is held to be due entirely
to difference in their chemical composition.
Lee, George B.
Corrosion of water-jackets of copper blast-furnaces. 500 w. 1907.
(In Transactions of the American Institute of ^Mining Engineers, v.38,
p.877.)
Brief discussion. Complete discussion will appear in succeeding volume.
Lincoln, Azariah Thomas.
Electrolytic corrosion of brasses. 38 p. Diag. ill. 1907. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.li, p.43.)
Experimental data and conclusions from corrosion products of brasses exposed to
solutions of the more common sodium and ammonium salts.
Lincoln, Azariah Thomas, & Bartells, G. C. jr.
Additional experiments on the electrolytic corrosion of brasses. 7 p.
Diag. 1908. (In Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society,
V.13, P.33I-)
Tests of corrosion in "synthetic sea water."
Lincoln, Azariah Thomas, and others.
Electrolytic corrosion of brasses. 36 p. Diag. 1907. (In Journal
of physical chemistry, v.il, p.501.)
Experiments on the corrosion of copper-zinc brasses in normal solutions of sodium
and ammonium salts.
Lindsay, Charles C.
On the corrosion and preservation of iron and steel. 32 p. Dr. 1881.
(In Transactions of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in
Scotland, v.24, p,"/.)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Scientific American supplement,
V.12, p.4570.)
Consideration of the cause and action of corrosion and methods for its prevention
by coatings of paint, metal or magnetic oxid.
McAlpine, William J.
Corrosion of iron. 1,200 w. 1868. (In Transactions of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, v.i, p.23.)
Cites instances of preservation of water-pipes, iron submerged in salt water, etc.
McBride, James.
Corrosion of steam drums. 8,000 w. 111. 1891, 1894. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.12, p.518;
V.15, p.1087.)
Includes lengthy discussion.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 13
Mallet, Robert.
First report upon experiments, instituted at the request of the
British Association, upon the action of sea and river water, whether
clear or foul, and at various temperatures, upon cast and wrought iron.
59 p. 1839. (In Report of the eighth meeting of the British .Association
for the Advancement of Science, p.253.)
Summary of knowledge of the subject to that time (1839), indicating directions in
which further investigation was necessary.
Mallet, Robert.
Second report upon the action of air and water, whether fresh or
salt, clear or foul, and at various temperatures, upon cast iron, wrought
iron, and steel. 88 p. 1840. (In Report of the tenth meeting of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science, p.221.)
Experiments on the relative rates of corrosion of different irons in fresh and salt
water and the protection of iron and steel by coatings of paint or metal.
Mallet, Robert.
Third report upon the action of air and water, whether fresh or salt,
clear or foul, and at various temperatures, upon cast iron, wrought
iron, and steel. 53 p. 1843. (In Report of the thirteenth meeting of the
British Association for the Advancement of Science, p.i.)
Mason, F. H.
Rusting of iron. 1,200 w. 1908. (In Mining and scientific press,
V.97, P-329.)
Comments on conclusions of Tilden and describes original experiments in which
potassium bichromate was found to retard corrosion.
Mason, William P.
Action of water upon metals: tanks, pipes, conduits, boilers, etc.
19 p. Dr. 1902. (In his Water supply, p.394.)
Data compiled from various sources, giving references.
Milton, James Tayler.
Corrosion and decay of metals. 5,000 w. Dr. 1908. (In Mechanical
engineer, v.22, p.530, 580.)
Lecture before the Institute of Marine Engineers.
Explanation of theory of corrosion, with examples. Considers corrosion as due to
the action of a liquid or agent in such a way that the current leaves the metal to enter
the corrosive agent.
Milton, James Tayler, & Larke, W. J.
The decay of metals. 20,8o(Jw. 111. 1903. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.154, p.138.)
"In this paper the ordinary oxidation of iron and steel will not be dealt with; but a
deterioration which sometimes occurs in cast iron and other metals, from causes which
are to some extent obscure, will be considered."
Considers principally brass, bronzes, Muntz's metal, etc. Well illustrated with
photo-micrographs, etc.
Discussion and correspondence.
Moody, Gerald Tattersall.
Rusting of iron. 3,300 w. Dr. 1906. (In Journal of the Chemical
Society, v.89, pt.i, p.720.)
Challenges Dunstan's conclusions and asserts that carbonic acid must be present, in
however minute quantity, before rusting begins.

14 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Mugdan, M.
Uber das rosten des eisens und seine passivitat. 7,000 w. 1903. (In
Zeitschrift fiir elektrochemie, v.9, p.442)
The same, abstract. 250 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
v.64, P-720.)
Finds that rust forms more readily in solutions of nitrate, chlorid, sulphate and
perchlorate.
Murray, M. Thornton-.
Rust. 5,000 w. 1908. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.77, p.2104.)
Paper before the Staffordshire Iron and Steel Institute.
Considers theories and recent developments.
Murray, "SI. Thornton-.
Rust; its formation and prevention. 1,500 w. 1908. (In Mechanical
engineer, v.21, p.679.)
The same, with comment. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.76, p.2087.)
Brief review of theories.
Newman, John.
Metallic structures; corrosion and fouling and their prevention; a
practical aid-book to the safety of works in iron and steel, and of ships,
and to the selection of paints for them. 374 p. 1896.
Record of author's experience, supplemented by information compiled from many
sources. Omits electrolysis but considers nearly all other causes of corrosion.
Parker, William.
On the relative corrosion of iron and steel. 11,200 w. Dr. 1881.
(In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.i8, p.39.)
Effects of exposure in air, in sea-water, in marine boilers, etc.
Pennock, J. D. & Morton, D. A.
Commercial aqua ammonia; its effect upon iron, its impurities, and
methods for determining them. 3,500 w. 1902. (In Journal of the
American Chemical Society, v.24, p.377.)
Concludes that concentrated ammonia solutions not only do not rust clean iron but
prevent its rusting in the presence of corrosive agents.
Report of committee U on the corrosion of iron and steel. 700 w. 1907.
(In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.7,
P.209.)
Offers suggestions as to the conditions for experiments on the connection between
the rapidity of solution in acid and natural corrosion.
Report of committee U on the corrosion of iron and steel. 2,000 w.
Diag. 1908. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.8, p.231.)
Contains specifications for tests of steel wire and remarks on the value of acid and
immersion tests in determining resistance to corrosion.
Rhodin, John G. A.
Corrosion of copper and copper alloys. 9,000 w. Diag. dr. 1907.
(In Engineer, London, v.104. p.53, 75, 106.)
See also editorial, p.63.
Considers alloys as balanced or unbalanced, of which the former have the better
mechanical properties. Regards the unbalanced alloys as having a voltaic combination
formed.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 15
Rhousopoulos, O. A.
Uber die reinigung und konservierung der antiquitaten. 1,900 w.
1905. (In Chemiker zeitung, v.29, pt.2, p.1198.)
Discusses the corrosion and cleaning of Greek antiquities.
Richards, Theodore William, & Behr, G. E. jY.
Electromotive force of iron under varying conditions, and the effect
of occluded hydrogen. 43 p. Diag. dr. 1906.
Takes issue (p.20) with conclusion that corrosion is necessarily increased by stress.
Rudeloff, M.
Bericht iiber vergleichende untersuchungen von schweisseisen und
flusseisen auf widerstand gegen rosten. 125 p. 111. 1902. (In Mittheilungen
aus den K5niglichen Technischen Versuchsanstalten, v.20,
P.83.)
The same, condensed. 4,000 w. (In Stahl und eisen, v.23, p.384.)
The same, abstract. 1,500 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
V.63, p.713.)
Extensive experiments on the relative resistance to corrosion of wrought-iron and
steel, considering the effect of different conditions and coatings and giving the relative
corrosive action of various agencies.
Rudeloff, M.
Untersuchungen iiber die widerstandsfahigkeit von seildrahten
gegen rosten. 4,000 w. 111. 1900. (In Mitteilungen aus den Koniglichen
Technischen Versuchsanstalten, v.18, p.107.)
Results of many tests on the mechanical properties of rusted wire. Numerous tables
and diagrams.
Rust and paint researches. 1,200 w. 1909. (In Engineering record,
V.59, P-674-)
Editorial outline of value of experiments and theories of Cushman and Walker.
Rusting of iron. 3,500 w. 1908. (In Engineering, v.8s, p.329.)
Editorial review of theoretical and experimental work.
Rusting of iron. 1906-07. (In Nature, v.74, P-540, 564, S86, 610; v.75,
p.31, 390, 438, 461.)
Letters by Friend, Moody, Richardson, Meehan, Dunstan and Stromeyer concerning
the theory of rusting and the action of carbon dioxid.
Sang, Alfred.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 49 p. 1909- (In Proceedings of the
Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v.24, p.493.)
Discussion, 21 p.
Comprehensive treatment of the subject, tracing the development of the theory of
corrosion and methods for its prevention. References given in full.
Schleicher, A. & Schultz, G.
Untersuchungen iiber das rosten von eisen. 2,400 w. Diag. 1908.
(In Stahl und eisen, v.28, p.50.)
Experiments on the differences of potential of metal plates separated from one
another in water.
Sebelien, John.
Uber die korrosion und die reinigung metallischer antiquitaten.
1,200 w. 1906.' (In Chemiker zeitung, V.30, pt.i, p.56.)
Refers to work of Axel Krefting in cleaning rusted antiquities by the reducing action
of nascent hydrogen.

i6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Sexton, A. Humboldt.
Corrosion and protection of iron and steel, up. 1900. (In his
Chemistry of the materials of engineering, p.132.)
Sexton, A. Humboldt.
Corrosion and protection of metals. 147 p. 1906?
Treats of corrosion of iron, steel, lead, zinc, copper, etc., and protection both by
paints and metallic coatings.
"Useful and generally accurate summary of present knowledge."
Rrt'icz^: 1,000 w. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.184.)
Speller, Frank N.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 900 w. 1907. (In Proceedings of the
Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v.22, p.472.)
The same. (In Iron age, v.79, P-478.)
Discussion, 1,800 w.
Gives results of tests showing steel to be superior to wrought-iron.
Speller, Frank N.
Puddled iron versus soft steel. 2,200 w. 111. 1905. (In Iron age,
v.75, p.1666, 1881.)
Claims equal resistance of iron and steel to corrosion, in reply to statements of Roe.
Spencer, Thomas G.
Deterioration of lead sheaths of aerial and underground telephone
cables. 4,000 w. 111. 1909. (In Telephony, v.17, p.216.)
Abstract. Considers causes of deterioration under six heads: (i) Mechanical injury;
(2) Chemical decomposition; (3) Electrolysis; (4) Vibration; (5) Lightning; (6) Impurities
in the lead. Author is chemist to Stromberg Carlson Telephone Mfg. Co., )vhich
has printed this paper for free distribution to its customers.
Spurrier, Harry.
Oil corrosion in cylinders. 1,200 w. 1906. (In Power, v.26, p.403.)
Effect on cast-iron, brass and bronze, of butyric acid, etc.
Stoughton, Bradley.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 15 p. 111. 1908. (In his Metallurgy of
iron and steel, p.422.)
"References on corrosion," p.436.
Thurston, Robert H.
Properties of iron and steel. 2,500 w. 1901. (In his Materials of
engineering, ed. 8, revised, pt.2, p.328.)
The same. 1,200 w. 1885. (In his Text-book of the materials of construction,
p.210.)
Discusses corrosion, durability and preservation of iron and steel.
Thwaite, Benjamin Howard.
Coefficients of corrosion of iron and steel. 400 w. 1880. (In Journal
of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.17, p.667.)
Abstract of paper showing effects of corrosion under various conditions. Shows
danger of contact of different metals.
Tilden, William Augustus.
Rusting of iron. 3,500 w. Dr. 1908. (In Journal of the Chemical
Society, v.93, p. 1356.)
Shows that carbonic acid is not necessary to corrosion but that it hastens the action
and that rusting is due initially to electrolytic action, resulting in the production of
ferrous hydroxid or carbonate.

:\IETAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 17
Traube, Moritz.
Ueber die langsame verbrennung des kupfers bei gegenwart verdiinnter
schwefelsaure oder einer losung von kohlensaurem ammon.
800 w. 1885. (In Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft,
V.18, pt.2, p.1887.)
Hydrogen peroxid is formed in the slow oxidation of copper in presence of dilute
sulphuric acid or ammonium carbonate.
Traube, jSIoritz.
Ueber die mitwirkung des wassers bei der langsamen verbrennung
des zinks, bleis, eisens und palladiumwasserstoffs. 3,400 w. 1885. (In
Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, v.i8, pt.2, p.1877.)
Author's theory is that in slow rtxidalitin of metals water is decomposed with formation
of hydrogen peroxid and that nascent oxygen cannot be formed simultaneously.
Turner, Thomas.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 20 p. 1908. (In his ^Metallurgy of iron,
ed.3, p.413.)
Review of old and new theories and methods of prevention, with abundant references
to other works.
Walker, William H.
Corrosion of iron and steel, and modern methods of preventing it.
3,000 w. 1909. (In Engineering record, v.59, p.222.)
.\bstract of paper before the Boston Society of .\rts.
Considers theory of prevention, and satisfactory conditions attainable.
Walker, William H.
Detection of pin holes in tin plate. 1,200 w. 111. 1909. (In Journal
of industrial and engineering chemistry, v.i, p.295.)
Plate is covered with a gelatin coating containing potassium ferricyanid. Where
pin-holes exist, the iron is attacked and blue spots appear in the gelatin coating.
Walker, William H.
Electrolytic theory of the corrosion of iron and its applications.
4,000 w. 111. 1909. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.78, p.749.)
The same. (In Engineering, v.87, P-7o8.)
The same. (In Mechanical engineer, v.23, p.677.)
The same, condensed. 1,100 w. (In Ironmonger, v.127, p.13.)
Paper before the Iron and Steel Institute.
Walker, William H.
Function of oxygen in the corrosion of metals. 5,000 w. igo8. (In
Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, v.14, p.175.)
The same, condensed. 1,700 w. (In Electrochemical and metallurgical
industry, v.7, p.150.)
Considers the corrosion of zinc-plated iron wire and of tubes and shells of steamboilers.
Walker, William H.
Protection of iron and steel from corrosion. 6,000 w. 111. 1909.
(In Engineering magazine, v.37, P.i98.)
Treats of the ionic nature of corrosion and the method of observing its progress and
location by means of indicators.
Walker, William H. & Dill, Colby.
Effect of stress upon the electromotive force of soft iron. 4,600 w.
Diag. dr. 1907. (In Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society,
v.ii, P.I53-)

i8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Walker, William H. & Dill, Colby—continued.
The same, condensed. i,8oo w. (In Electrochemical and metallurgical
industry, v.5, p.270.)
See also editorial, p.254.
Experimental results tend to show that differences of potential are not necessarily
the result of stress.
Walker, William H. & Dill, Colby.
Influence of stress upon the corrosion of iron. 3,100 w. Diag. 1907.
(In. Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.7,
p.229.)
Discussion, 500 w.
Walker, William H. and others.
Corrosion of iron and steel. 5,600 w. 1907. (In Journal of the
American Chemical Society, v.29, P-I25i; v.30, p.473.)
The same. (In Chemical news, v.97, P.3li 40.)
Indicates that iron dissolves in water in the absence of both carbon dioxid and
oxygen and that on the surface of iron exposed to corrosion there is a marked difference
in potential on different areas.
Wemlinger, J. R.
Development and use of steel sheet piling, with some data on the
preservation of steel buried in the ground. 3,300 w. 1909. (In Engineering-contracting,
V.31, p.406.)
Whitney, W. R.
Corrosion of iron. 5,000 w. Dr. 1903. (In Journal of the American
Chemical Society, v.25, pt.i, p.394.)
Emphasizes fact that the effect of carbonic acid on corrosion is cyclic and that
under favoring conditions "even a trace of carbonic acid may dissolve an unlimited
quantity of iron."
Williams, F. H.
Influence of copper in retarding corrosion of soft steel and wrought
iron. 400 w. 1900. (In Proceedings of the Engineers' Society of Western
Pennsylvania, v.i6, p.231.)
Indicates that presence of copper retards corrosion.
Zinnpest. 1,800 w. 111. 1909. (In Dinglers polytechnisches journal,
V.324, p.90.)
Investigations of Cohen on alteration forms of tin and corrosive effects.
Corrosion by Electrolysis
This section includes only destructive action of stray currents from street-railways.
For other articles on electrolytic corrosion see under Corrosion, General and theoretical,
and Protection, Cement and concrete.
Abbott, Arthur Vaughan.
Electrolysis from railway currents. 4,200 w. 111. 1899. (In Cassier's
magazine [electric railway number], v.l6, p.371.)
Popular, well illustrated article.
Adams, Alton D.
Prevention of electrolysis. 3,000 w. 1900. (In Municipal engineering,
V.18, p.i.)
Cause, injurious effects, and urgent need of preventive measures.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 19
American Gas Institute.
Committee on electrolysis; conclusions of committee and reprints of
papers. 35 p. Dr. 1908.
For previous report see American Gas Light Association.
Includes conclusions from previous report and reprints of papers by Ganz.
American Gas Institute.
Report of committee on electrolysis. 165 p. 1906. (In Proceedings
of the American Gas Institute, v.i, p.761.)
Same as report of the American Gas Light Association.
American Gas Light Association.
Report of committee on electrolysis. 173 p. Dr. 1906.
"This report is limited to the ccmsideration of direct-current electricity, and is,
therefore, contingent upon future developments in the use of alternating-current electricity
for traction purposes." Introductory note.
"Committee advances no new theories and can suggest no new remedies. It avoids
controversial treatment and deals solely with the indisputable facts that have been developed
by experience. To this end the Committee's endeavor has been to establish
authoritatively the universal state of the art of electric traction with reference to electrolysis."
Report consists of five sections: (i) Theory of electrolytic corrosion; (2) Electrolysis
in .America; (3) Electrolysis in Great Britain; (4) Electrolysis in Germany; (5)
Summary and conclusions.
Barbillion, A.
Forme du potentiel dans les rails servant au retour de courant.
800 w. 1899. (In L'ficlairage electrique, V.21, p.g4.)
Theoretical, usfng calculus.
Bates, Putnam A.
Guarding against electrolysis of underground pipes. 3,300 w. 1906.
(In Engineering record, v.54, p.122.)
The same. (In Railroad gazette, v.41, p.185.)
The same, condensed. 2,400 w. (In Electrical review. New York, v.47,
p.737-)
Tests by author show that wrought-iron or lead service pipes are more susceptible
than cast-iron mains. Deals fully with cause and effect of stray currents and briefly
with methods of protection. Considers complete metallic circuit to be the only satisfactory
solution, but mentions several less efficient remedies.
Beadle, Alec A.
Electrolytic corrosion in underground pipes. 1,200 w. 1905. (In
Electrical review, New York, v.46, p.19.)
Effect of stray currents and methods of prevention.
Bericht des Erdstromkommission [des Deutschen Vereins von Gas- und
Wasserfachmannern]. 3,600 w. 1906. (In Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung
und wasserversorgung, v.49, p.620.)
The same, translated. 1,500 w. (In Electrician, v.57, p.533.)
Tables and data showing conditions in many German cities.
Blake, Lucien I.
Electrolysis at Kansas City, Kan. 3,600 w. 111. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.40, p.239.)
Lengthy report.
Blake, Lucien I.
Electrolysis of cast-iron water-mains. 1,300 w. 1899. (In Electrical
world and engineer, v.34, p.934-)

20 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Bonding of city water and gas mains to prevent electrolysis. i,200w.
1908. (In Industrial world, v.82, p. 104.)
Contains statement of chief of Electric bureau of Philadelphia, describing excellent
results obtained from bonding of mains in that city.
Brigden, W. W.
Electrolysis of water and gas pipes. 4,200 w. 1901. (In IMunicipal
engineering, v.20, p.287.)
Plea for double trolley as the only reliable remedy.
British view of electrolysis. 1,600 w. 1900. (In Engineering record,
V.42, p.41.)
Gives protective regulations passed by Parliament and by Board of Trade.
Brophy, William.
Electrolysis. 3.500 w. 1896. (In Electrical review. New York,
v.28,' p.276.)
Causes of metal corrosion and methods of prevention.
Brophy, William, & Gray, A. R.
Insulating couplings for protecting pipe systems from electrolysis.
1,600 w. 1904. (In American gas light journal, v.8o, p.91.)
Two letters favoring their use.
Brown, Harold P.
Electrolysis of cast iron water pipes at Dayton, Ohio. 3,500 w. 1898.
(In Municipal engineering, v.i6, p.84.)
The same, condensed. 2,500 w. (In Street railway journal, v.14. p.785.)
General results of more than 2,500 electrical measurements, with practical suggestions
for remedy and prevention.
Brown, Harold P.
Latest method of electrolysis prevention. 2,200 w. 111. 1897. (In
Electrical engineer. New York, v.24, p.350.)
Brief comparison of European and American systems, and description of system designed
by author. Insulated return conductor is used and in this case made from old
rails at one-sixth the cost of copper.
Brown, Harold P.
Alethod of permanently protecting underground pipes from electrolytic
corrosion. 2,800 w. Dr. 1895. (In Street railway review, v.5, p.157.)
Successful method of pipe protection must sttlve following problems: to keep pipes
at least one volt negative to rails; to diminish flow of current on pipes; to secure permanent
non-oxidizable contact of low resistance between pipes and necessary feeder
wires.
Brownell, E. E.
Electrolysis from facts and figures. 3,500 w. 111. 1900. (In Journal
of the New England Water Works Association, v.14, P-363.)
Considers trouble entirely due to defective construction of electric railways. Suggests
remedies.
Burgess, C. F.
Boiler corrosion as an electrochemical action. 23 p. Diag. ill. 1909.
(In Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, v.14, p.375.)
With discussion.
Research in the chemical engineering laboratories of the University of Wisconsin
to investigate some of the peculiar conditions of corrosion encountered in operation of
locomotive boilers.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 21
Claude, M. G.
Ueber den verlauf der riickstrome von strassenbahnen und iiber ihre
elektrolytischen wirkungen. 2,000 w. Dr. 1902. (In Elektrotechnische
zeitschrift, v.23, p.68.)
Abstract.
Corrosion of iron. 9,600 w. 1908. (In Transactions of the American
Electrochemical Society, v.14, p.151.)
General discussion, opened by A. F. Ganz, on the corrosion of underground structure.
He suggests five questions that must be solved.
Court decision as to responsibility for damage by electrolysis to gas
mains. 1,300 w. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.45, p.12.)
Holds street-railways responsible for negligence.
Davis, F. A. W.
Electrical current. 3,000 w. 111. 1901. (In Journal of the New
England Water Works Association, v.15, p.225.)
Illustrated discussion of damages to underground pipe. Claims that patent pipe
coatings are no protection against electrolysis.
Davis, F. A. W.
Electrolysis. 24 p. 111. 1899.
Appendix, 15 p.
Paper before the Central States Water Works Association.
Consideration of extent of damage due to electrolysis, with data from many cities.
Davis, F. A. W.
Electrolysis in American cities. 3,400 w. 111. 1899. (In Municipal
engineering, v.17, p.349.)
Twenty illustrations showing ravages of electrolysis.
Dawson, Philip.
Return circuit; electrolytic action. 3,000 w. 111. 1897. (In his
Electric railways and tramways, p.36.)
Considers damages due to and methods of checking electrolysis.
Deterioration of structural steel by corrosion and electrolysis. 2,800 w.
111. 1906. (In Architects' and builders' magazine, v.S, p.33.)
From a paper by James B. Cook before the Memphis Engineering Society.
Emphasizes especially the dangers of corrosion in buildings of the steel skeleton type.
Edler, J.
Untersuchungen des einflusses der vagabundirenden strome elektrischer
strassenbahnen auf erdmagnetische messungen. 5,300 w. 111.
1900. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.21, p.193.)
Electric traction troubles. 1,400 w. 1900. (In Nature, v.63, p.83.)
Account of stray current disturbances in England.
Electrolysis. 2,400 w. Dr. 1905. (In International library of technology.
Electric railways, §39, p.18.)
The same, condensed. 1901. (In same. Electrical engineering, v.4, §23,
P.25-)
Electrolysis. 5,800 w. Dr. ill. 1906. (In Journal of the New England
Water Works Association, v.20, p.34.)
Topical discussion, in which experiences in Cambridge, New Bedford, etc. are given.
Electrolysis from electric railway return currents. 500 w. 1895. (In
Electrical world and engineer, v.27, p.136.)
Refers to article in "Pittsburg leader" giving conditions in Pittsburgh. Discusses
methods of prevention.

22 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Electrolysis in Providence, R. I. 3,000 w. 111. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.42, p.io6.)
.-Abstract and comments on report by A. A. Knudson and others.
Electrolysis of gas and water mains. 500 w. 1903. (In New international
encyclopaedia, v.6, p.623.)
Electrolysis of underground pipes in Brooklyn. 1,300 w. 1894. (In
Street railway journal, v.io, p.169.)
Electrolysis of water mains in Dayton, Ohio. 1,000 w. 1898. (In
Engineering record, v.38, p.442.)
Summary of examinations and reports by Harold P. Brown, E. E. Brownell and
others.
Electrolysis of water mains in Newark, N. J. 2,200 w. 1908. (In Engineering
record, v.58, p.548.)
Investigation by an expert of cause and amount of corrosion, with recommendations.
Elektrolytische zerstorungen durch vagabundierende strome. 1,750 w.
1901. (In Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung und wasserversorgung, v.44,
p.8oi, 802.)
Extracts from "Gas world," giving many methods of dealing with stray currents.
EUicott, E. B.
Protection of water pipe from electrolysis. 7,500 w. 111. 1901. (In
Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, v.6, p.529.)
Discussion.
Farnham, Isaiah H.
Destructive effecf of electrical currents on subterranean metal pipes.
9,800 w. 111. 1894. (In Transactions of the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers, v.ii, p.191.)
Discussion. •
Fernie, F.
Notes on the corrosion of lead-covered cables. 2,700 w. Diag. 1907.
(In Electrical engineering, London, v.i, p.1037.)
Considers theory of corrosion by electrolysis, with experimental data and special
cases.
Fleming, J. A.
Die elektrolytische korrosion von wasser- und gasleitungen durch
die riickleitungsstrome der elektrischen bahnen. 3,700 w. Dr. 1898.
(In Zeitschrift fiir elektrochemie, v.5, p.241.)
Fleming, J. A.
On the electrolytic corrosion of water and gas pipes by the return
currents of electric tramways. 6,000 w. Dr. 1898. (In Electrician,
V.41, p.689.)
The same. (In Electrical engineer, London, v.28, n. s. v.22, p.390.)
Deals with causes and conditions of injurious electrolysis but does not consider
remedies.
Folwell, A. Prescott.
Pipes and conduits; prevention of deterioration. 1,000 w. 1900. (In
his Water-supply engineering, p.527.)
Considers briefly the injurious effects of stray currents.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION zz
French opinion of electrolysis of pipes. i,6oow. 1901. (In Engineering
record, v.43, p.515.)
Claims that no injurious effects will occur where difference of potential between
pipes and rails is less than one to one and one-half volts.
Gaines, Richard H.
Corrosion of the steel water supply conduit at Rochester, N. Y.
10,000 w. Dr. ill. 1908. (In Engineering news, v.59, p.578.)
See also editorial, P.S93, and letter by A. H. Sabin, p.673.
Gaines, Richard H.
Electrochemical corrosion of the Rochester steel conduit. 41 p. 1908.
(In Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, v.13, p.55.)
Discussion, 6 p.
"Caused by electrolysis, the current for which resulted from chemical processes between
water solutions in the soil and the metal."
Gaisberg, S. freiherr v.
Riickleitungsnetz der elektrischen strassenbahnen in Hamburg.
3,200 w. 111. 1903. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.24, p.492.)
Describes preventive measures.
Ganz, Albert F.
Electrolysis. 5,000 w. Dr. 1907. (In Proceedings of the American
Gas Institute, v.2, p.653.)
Particular attention is paid to current measurements and to the location of the path
of stray currents.
Ganz, Albert F.
Theory of electrolytic corrosion. 1,400 w. 1908. (In Sibley journal
of engineering, v.23, p. 10.)
From a pamphlet by the American Gas Institute, committee on electrolysis.
Simple presentation of theory of electrolysis and the part played by stray current.
Gray, John.
Electrolytic action of return currents in electrical tramways. 2,000 w.
1896. (In Electrical review, London, v.38, p.3.)
[Haber, F.]
Dr Haber's report on electrolysis at Karlsruhe. 4,000 w. Dr. 1906.
(In Journal of gas lighting, v.9S, p.578.)
Haber, F.
Die vagabundierenden strassenbahnstrome und die durch sie bedingte
gefahrdung des rohrnetzes in der stadt Karlsruhe i. B. 7,900 w.
111. 1906. (In Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung und wasserversorgung, v.49,
P-637.)
Description of electrical and electrochemical phenomena of stray currents; methods
of detection and measurement; conditions existing in Karlsruhe.
Haber, F. & Goldschmidt, F.
Der anodische angriff des eisens durch vagabundierende strome im
erdreich und die passivitat des eisens. 25 p. Dr. 1906. (In Zeitschrift
fiir elektrochemie, v.12, p.49.)
The same, condensed. 2,100 w. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.28,
P-794-)
The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Electrician, v.57, p.931.)
Extensive experimental investigation of corrosion of iron electrodes by electric currents.

24 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Haber, F. & Goldschmidt, F.
Effect of earth return current on iron pipes. i,6oo w. Dr. 1906.
(In Electrical review, London, v.59, p.446.)
See also editorial, p.442.
Haskell, John C.
Electrolysis. 3,000 w. 1896. (In Journal of the New England
Water Works Association, v.io, p.278.)
Conditions in Lynn, ^lass.
Discussion.
Hayden, J. L. R.
Alternating-current electrolysis. 8,000 w. 1907. (In Transactions
of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, v.26, pt.i, p.231.)
Discussion, p.264. 16,000 w. Diag. dr.
Tests "to determine.. .to what extent alternating currents passing between any
metallic conductor and the ground would produce electrolytic corrosion."
Herrick, Albert B.
Electrolysis. 900 w. 111. 1901. (In his Electric railway handbook,
p.310.)
Outlines briefly the theory of current distribution and electrolysis.
Herrick, Albert B.
Electrolysis. 2,000 \v. 1901. (In Street railway review, v.ii, p.37.)
History, chemistry and prevention.
Herrick, Albert B.
Electrolysis as caused by the railway return current. 7,300 w. 'Dr.
1904. (In Street railway journal, v.23, p.516.)
Presents methods of testing and most successful remedies.
Herrick, Albert B.
Electrolysis from the ground return current of street railways.
4,000 w. 111. 1900. (In Street railway journal, v.16, p.472.)
Causes, detection and remedies.
Herrick, Albert B.
Ground current of electric railways. 3,000 w. Dr. 1898. (In Engineering
magazine, v.15, p.451.)
Discussion of the causes and effects of electrolysis. Considers best preventive measures
to be judicious bonding and intelligent use of feeders.
Herrick, Albert B.
^lethods of determining the resistance of the railway feeder circuits
and the ground return losses. 1,300 w. Dr. 1898. (In Street railway
journal, v.14, p.i86.)
Herrick, Albert B.
Some fallacies regarding electrolysis. 4,400 w. Dr. 1898. (In
Street railway journal, v.14, p.775.)
Considers physical and electrical conditions necessary to the existence of electrolysis,
tests, remedies and the attitude of electric railway companies.
See also editorial, p.789.
Hewitt, Charles.
Return circuits of electric railways. 3,000 w. 1896. (In Journal of
the Franklin Institute, v.142, p.51.)
The same, condensed. (In Electrical world and engineer, v.28, p.49.)
Explains destructive electrolysis and preventive devices.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 25
Hoopes, Maurice.
Notes on pipe electrolysis. 1,400 w. Dr. 1895. (In Electrical world
and engineer, v.25, p.6o3.)
Makes use of a graphical method, which in the author's opinion presents the various
phases in a clearer way than any other.
Humphreys, W. H.
Electrolysis in water-pipes. 6,500 w. 1902. (In Electrical engineer,
London, v.36, n. s. v.30, p.189.)
Favors double wire system, and in its absence advocates connecting negative terminal
of dynamo to pipe lines.
Humphreys, W. H.
History of the electrolysis question. 7,500 w. 1902. (In Journal of
gas lighting, v.8o, p.336.)
Jackson, Dugald C.
Corrosion caused by railway return currents. 750 w. 1896. (In
Electrical world and engineer, v.28, p.684.)
Experiments to determine injurious effects on iron and lead. Claims that corrosion
occurs wherever a current leaves a pipe or cable covering, however small the difference
of potential may be.
Jackson, Dugald C.
Corrosion of iron pipes by the action of electric railway currents.
7,000 w. 1894. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
V.13, p.509.)
Discussion.
The same, condensed. (In Street railway journal, v.io, p.566.)
Jenkins, E. H.
Electrolysis. 1,000 w. 1900. (In Street railway review, v.io, p.260.)
Chiefly preventive measures.
Kallmann, Martin.
Administrative und sicherheitstechnische regulative fiir elektrische
starkstromvertheilungsanlagen in den strassen des stadtgebietes Berlin.
10,800 w. Dr. 1895. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.l6, p.211.)
Kallmann, Martin.
Isolationskontrollsystem zur direkten anzeige von stromentweichungen.
7,200 w. Dr. 1898. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift,
V.19, p.683.)
Kallmann, Martin.
System zur kontrolle der vagabondirenden strome elektrischer
bahnen. 10,000 w. 1899. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.20, p.163.)
Deals largely with methods of measurement.
Kapp, Gisbert.
Verminderung der vagabundirenden erdstrome bei elektrischen
bahnen. 1,800 w. 1896. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.17, p.43.)
Plea for increased number of feeders.
Kintner, S. M.
Alternating-current electrolysis? 1,000 w. 111. 1905. (In Electric
journal, v.2, p.668.)
Records experiments of the electrolysis of wrought-iron and lead pipe buried for one
year. No appreciable action took place on the iron plates and very slight action on the
lead.

26 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Cause and effect of electrolytic action upon underground piping systems.
11,200 w. 111. 1901. (In Journal of the New England Water
Works Association, v.15, P-244)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering record, v.43, p.322.)
.Vdvocates double trolley system as the only remedy.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Corrosion of metals by electrolysis. 6,000 w. 111. 1903. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.3, p.i95-)
The same. 5,000 w. (In Electricity, v.24, p.217, 230.)
With reference to stray currents and injurious effects. Deals largely with testing,
giving history of surveys in vicinity of New York city.
Discussion.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Effect of joint resistance on railway electrolysis. 1,400 w. Dr. 1900.
(In American electrician, v.12, p.119.)
Shows that electrolysis is not always prevented by the independent return and
advocates double overhead or underground construction as the only perfect method.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Electrolysis in Jersey City. 1,700 w. 111. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.39, p.233.)
Report giving many tests and recommending more frequent tap connections from
return wire to rails.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Electrolytic corrosion of water pipes at Bayonne, N. J. 3,000 w. 111.
1904. (In Engineering news, v.52, p.437.)
Rapid corrosion of steel and lead pipes.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Remedies for electrolysis. 2,400 w. 111. 1906. (In Cassier's magazine,
V.30, p.337)
Double trolley is a complete cure, but most of the attempts have been merely palliative.
The following are considered: (i) More perfect bonds at the joints and improving
the track return by auxiliary copper feeders; (2) Making pipes part of return circuit by
bonding to rails or direct to power-house negatives; (3) Insulating pipes from the
ground; (4) Insulating joints in mains.
Krohn, Sigvald.
Ueber messungen der elektrischen strome in den stadtischen rohrleitungen.
2,000 w. Dr. 1901. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.22,
p.269.)
Langmuir, Irving.
Relation between polarization and the corrosion of iron pipes by
stray currents. 5,200 w. Diag. dr. 1907. (In Stevens Institute indicator,
v.24, p.348.)
Experiments with unprotected pipes and with pipes buried in lime and in cement.
Larsen, Absalon.
Ueber den elektrolytischen angriff elektrischer strome auf eisenrohren
in erde und die dabei auftretende polarisation. 1,200 w. 1902.
(In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.23, P-84I.)
Larsen, Absalon.
Ueber periodische stromwendung als mittel zur verringerung elek-

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 27
Larsen, Absalon—continued.
trolytischer zerstorungen durch vagabundirende strome. 1,900 w. 111.
igo2. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.23, p.868.)
Gives illustration of gas-pipes which were subjected to tests showing that periodically
reversing the current tends to diminish the destructive effects of stray currents.
Leybold, W.
Destruction of gas-pipes by means of electricity. 3,500 w. 1901. (In
Electrical engineer, London, v.34, n- s. 28, p.372.)
Liability of reinforced concrete to electrolytic, damage. 1,600 w. 1907.
(In Engineering news, v.57, p.328.)
Editorial consideration of Knudson's experiments, indicating lines for further
investigation.
Low, George P.
Rail bonding and its bearing on electrolytic corrosion. 4,500 w. 111.
1894. (In Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
V.II, p.857.)
Considers the elimination of electrolytic corrosion to be dependent on judicious
bonding.
McGowan, H. E.
Electrolysis; the effect of stray trolley currents. 1,800 w. 111. 1901.
(In Stevens Institute indicator, v.i8, p.163.)
Relief found in coating all wrought-iron pipe with a paint composed chiefly of coaltar
and rubber; also in connecting the pipes to the rails where the former are positive.
McLeary, Samuel H.
An interesting case of electrolysis. 800 w. 111. 1906. (In Electrical
age, v.37, P-273)
Electric railway in Porto Rico on which stray currents caused very rapid corrosion,
especially at point of contact between rails and spikes.
Maury, Dabney H.
Electrolysis of underground metal structures. 22 p. 111. 1900.
Bound with Report of the special committee on electrolysis, American Water Works
Association.
The same, condensed. 5,800 w. (In Engineering news, v.44, p.38.)
The same, condensed. 2,900 w. (In Street railway review, v.io, p.433.)
The same, condensed. 1,700 w. (In Engineering record, v.41, p.467.)
Maury, Dabney H.
Surveys for electrolysis and their results. 6,000 w. 1903. (In Engineering
news, v.50, p.74.)
Purpose of surveys, instruments, methods and results.
Method of checking electrolysis of gas and water pipes. 700 w. Dr.
1895. (In Street railway journal, v.ii, p.603.)
Method of Harold P. Brown. Pipes are connected with negative pole of dynamo,
connections with pipe and rail bonds being made of "plastic alloy," said to be a perfect
contact metal.
Michalke, Carl.
Stray currents from electric railways. loi p. 111. 1906.
Bibliography, by translator, p.gl-ioi.
"All the calculations in the text are elementary in character, the rigorous mathematical
treatments being given in the footnotes." Preface.

28 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Michalke, Carl.
Die vagabundierenden strome elektrischer bahnen. 85 p. 1906?
Summarizes present (1906) knowledge of destructive electrolysis and presents in an
available form much hitherto scattered information from technical periodicals.
Morse, C. H.
Electrolysis of water pipes. 3,500 w. 1893. (In Journal of the New
England Water Works Association, v.7, p.139.)
Effects and suggested remedies.
Discussion.
Newbaker, C. A.
Cure of electrolysis by independent returns. 4,000 w. Dr. 1900.
(In American electrician, v.12, p.72.)
Prevention of electrolysis; electroless pipe covering on underground
piping. 450 w. 111. 1907. (In Ar.ierican inventor, V.16, September, p.3.)
Problem of electrolysis. 1,600 w. 1899. (In Engineering record, v.39,
P-465-)
Editorial discussion on the responsibility for damages.
Rasch.
Zur frage der vagabundirenden strome. 2,700 w. Dr. 1896. (In
Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.17, p.34.)
Theoretical, using calculus.
Report of the commission of the German gas and water companies for
the inve.stigation of earth currents. 1,500 w. 1906. (In Electrician,
v.57. P-533.)
Outline of report on conditions in nine German cities, 1904-06.
Rhodes, George I.
Some theoretical notes on the reduction of earth currents from electric
railway systems by means of negative feeders. 2.500 w. Diag.
1907. (In Transactions of the .-\merican Institute of Electrical Engineers,
v.26, pt.i, p.231.)
Discussion, p.264. 16,000 w. Diag. dr.
Rowland, Arthur J.
Electrolysis by electric railway return currents. 5,000 w. 1895. (In
Electrical world and engineer, v.25, p.127.)
"Where we have the highest differences of potential [between pipes and rails] the
smallest current may be flowing and least electrolytic action taking place."
Rowland, Arthur J.
Electrolysis from electric railway service. 3,800 w. Dr. 1897. (In
American electrician, v.9, p.156.)
Proper road construction to avoid harmful effects.
Sever, George F.
Electrolysis of underground conductors. 25 p. 1904. (In Transactions
of the International Electrical Congress, St. Louis, v.3, p.666.)
Statistical report. Presents five tables giving following data: (i) Street railway
practice in U. S. regarding use of return feeders; (2) Recommendations to municipalities
by city and other engineers; C3) Electrical features of various municipal ordinances;
(4) Summary of opinions of municipal officers; (5) Summary of expert opinion concerning
electrolysis.
Discussion.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 29
Sheldon, Samuel. 1
Conditions of electrolytic corrosion in Brooklyn. 1,600 w. 1900.
(In Transactions of the .American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
V.17, p.335-)
Discussion, 1,300 w.
The same, zcithout discussion. (In Electrical world and engineer, v.35,
p.868.)
The same, zvithout discussion. (In Street railway journal, v.l6, p.514.)
Spang, H. W.
Electrolysis; general electrical and lightning protection. 2,500 w.
Dr. ill. 1906. (In American gas light journal, v.84, p.8oi.)
Spang, H. W.
Unscientific electric engineering; destruction of underground pipes,
etc. 2,500 w. 1904. (In American gas light journal, v.8o, p.85.)
Stearns, F. P.
Electrolysis on the metropolitan water works. 1,600 w. 1905. (In
Engineering record, v.52, p.120.)
Abstract of chief engineer's report.
Stone, Charles A. & Forbes, H. C.
Electrolysis of water pipes. 10,000 w. Dr. 1894. (In Journal of
the New England Water Works Association, v.9, p.25.)
Conditions necessary to destructive action and how trouble may be recognized. Considers
all known means of prevention, classifying them as complete remedies, partial
remedies, and useless schemes.
Discussion.
Storrs, H. A.
Electrolysis. 4,500 w. Dr. 1895. (In Journal of the New England
Water Works Association, v.io, p.33.)
Considers remedies where electric roads are already in operation; preventive measures
where electric roads are to be installed; legal aspects.
Discussion.
Strecker, K.
Ueber die ausbreitung starker elektrischer strome in der erdoberflache.
7,000 w. Dr. 1896. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.17, p.106.)
For purposes of wireless telegraphy.
Swinburne, James.
Electrolysis of gas mains. 3,000 w. Dr. 1902. (In Electrician,
London, v.49, p.642, 681.)
Causes, effects, and precautions to minimize injurious effects.
Teichmiiller, J.
Ueber methoden zur verringerung der gefahren vagabundirender
strome bei elektrischen bahnen, insbesondere die Kapp'sche methode
der schienenentlastung. 2,000 w. Dr. 1900. (In Elektrotechnische
zeitschrift, v.21, p.436.)
^Method making rails the neutral wire of three-wire system.
Ueber die elektrolytische zerstorung der rohrleitungen durch vagabundirende
strome. 9,500 w. Dr. 1900. (In Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung
und wasserversorgung, v.43, P-265, 285, 310.)

30 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Ulbricht, R.
Diskussion iiber die frage der storungen wissenschaftlicher institute
durch elektrische bahnen. 40,000 w. 111. 1895. (In Elektrotechnische
zeitschrift, v.l6, p.417, 443.)
Paper and lengthy discussion, giving theory of stray currents and conditions causing
disturbance of physical laboratories. Many diagrams.
Ulbricht, R.
Gefahrdung von metallrohrleitungen durch elektrische bahnen.
2,000 w. 111. 1902. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.23, p.720.)
Ulbricht, R.
Zur frage der gefahrdung von metallrohrleitungen durch elektrische
bahnen. 3,000 w. Dr. 1902. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.23, p.212.)
Mathematical treatment of the damage done by stray currents.
Vail, J. H.
Importance of complete metallic circuit for electric railways. 5,600 w.
111. 1894. (In Proceedings of the National Electric Light Association,
V.17, p.102.)
Advocates proper track bonding, etc.
Discussion.
The same, without discussion. 3,100 w. (In Street railway journal, v.io,
P-I99.)
Vorschlag der erdstrom-kommission des Verbandes Deutscher Elektrotechniker
fiir leitsatze betreffend den schutz metallischer rohrleitungen
gegen erdstrome elektrischer bahnen. 1,500 w. 1903. (In Elektrotechnische
zeitschrift, v.24, p.376.)
Weber.
Ueber die einwirkung der bodenbeschaffenheit auf gusseiserne
rohren. 2,600 w. 1893. (In Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung und wasserversorgung,
v.36, p.552.)
West, Jul. H.
Bericht der kommission fiir die untersuchung der erdriickstrome
elektrischer bahnen. 1,900 w. 1900. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift,
V.21, p.706.)
Of 90 German cities having electric roads only two or three report corrosion which
can be ascribed to earth return currents.
Wynkoop, Hubert S.
Destructive effects of vagrant electricity. 2,000 w. 111. 1900. (In
Popular science monthly, v.56, p.357.)
Non-technical article showing destructive effects and suggesting remedies.
Ziehl, Emil.
Verminderung der erdstrome bei mit wechselstrom betriebenen
ueberlandbahnen mit schienenriickleitung. 2,800 w. Dr. 1902. (In
Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.23, P-I45)
Corrosion by Salt Water
Andrews, Thomas.
Corrosion of metals during long exposure in sea-water. 7,500'

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 31
Andrews, Thomas—continued.
111. 1885. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
V.82, p.281.)
Andrews, Thomas.
On galvanic action between wrought-iron, cast metals and various
steels during long exposure in sea-water. 5,000 w. 111. 1884. (In ^linutes
of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.77, P-323.)
Anti-fouling compounds. 2,500 w. 1904. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.58, p.23956.)
Translated from "Farber-zeitung.'' Deals with preparations for submarine use.
Bell, Benjamin.
On zinc sheathing for ships. 3,400 w. 1869. (In Transactions of
the Institution of Naval Architects, v.io, p.174.)
Discussion.
Cohen, Ernst.
On the corrosion of condenser tubes and sea-water conductors. 12 p.
PI. 1902. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects,
v.44. P-2I5-)
Describes action of sea-water on brass, copper and tin-plated condenser tubes.
Coles, Cowper P.
On the preservation of iron ships' bottoms and the means of keeping
them clean. 3,400 w. 1866. (In Transactions of the Institution of
Naval Architects, v.7, p.155.)
Proposes coating the ships' bottoms with cement to prevent corrosion.
Davy, Humphry.
On the corrosion of copper sheeting by sea water and on methods of
preventing this effect; and on their application to ships of war and
other ships. 2,300 w. 1824. (In Philosophical transactions of the
Royal Society of London, v.114, p.151.)
Considers corrosion of copper an electrochemical action and prevents it by zinc
plates in electrical connection with the copper.
Decay of metallic sheathing under water. 900 w. 1907. (In Engineer,
London, v.103, p.559-)
Abstract of report of the public analyst. New South Wales, concerning the causes
of failure of modern Muntz metal.
See also letter from G. A. Muntz, P.S98.
Diegel, H.
Einiges iiber die korrosion der metalle im seewasser. 95 p. Folding
pi. 1903. (In Verhandlungen des Vereins zur Beforderung des Gewerbfleisses,
v.82, p.91.)
The same, condensed. 4,500 w. (In Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher
Ingenieure, v.47, p.1122.)
The same, abstract. 400 w. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,
V.65, p.677.)
Extensive experiments lead author to claim that impure metals do not corrode in
salt water faster than pure metals. Foreign elements introduced were phosphorus and
nickel.

32 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Diegel, H.
Das verhalten einiger metalle in seewasser. 12,000 w. 111. 1904.
(In Stahl und eisen, v.24, pt.i, p.567, 629.)
Considers alloys of copper, nickel and iron.
Farquharson, J.
Corrosive effects of steel on iron in salt water. 4,800 w. 1882. (In
Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.23, p.143)
Experiments indicating that contact of iron and steel should be avoided.
Discussion.
Ferguson, W. B.
Two instances of unusual repairs to vessels. 3,300 w. PI. 1907. (In
Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,
V.15, p.179.)
With discussion.
Discussion deals with the serious corrosion of iron and steel bolts used for fastening
sheathing, and the advantages of brass composition bolts. Compares merits of copper,
zinc and galvanized-iron sheathing.
Grantham, John.
On copper sheathing for iron ships, considered at the present stage
of our experience. 3,000 w. 1869. (In Transactions of the Institution
of Naval Architects, v.io, p.174.)
Hay, W. J.
On the protection of iron ships from oxidation and fouling. 7,000 w.
1863. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.4, p.149.)
Describes satisfactory use of author's copper oxid paint.
Isherwood, B. F.
Experiments made by Mr Uthemann to discover a process for preventing
the corrosion of copper and brass by sea-water under the conditions
found in the surface-condensers of marine steam-engines.
7,600 w. Dr. 1907. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers,
V.19, p.6oi.)
Johnstone, George.
Notes on the serious deterioration of steel vessels from the effects
of corrosion. 7 p. 1901. (In Transactions of the Institution of Engineers
and Shipbuilders in Scotland, v.45, P-7i)
Discussion, 28 p.
Especially on corrosion of internal parts of vessels and on vessels in the tropics.
King, Frank B.
Notes on the corrosion of a cast steel propeller blade. i,ooow.
1894. (In Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
V.15, p.961.)
Lewes, Vivian B.
On the corrosion and protection of iron and steel ships. 7 p. 1887.
(In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.28, p.247.)
Discussion, 13 p.
Considers the best preservative composition a gum dissolved in a volatile solvent,
mixed with finely divided zinc.
Lidy.
Note sur I'alteration des metaux par I'eau de mer. 2,200 w. 111.
1897. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser.7, v.14, 3e
trimestre, p.338.)

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 33
Lidy—continued.
Tlie same, condensed. 900 w. (In Engineering news, v.39, P-85.)
Describes condition of metals after exposure to the action of sea-water for several
hundred years.
Mallet, Robert.
On the corrosion and fouling of iron ships. 60 p. 1872. (In Transactions
of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.13, p.90.)
Discussion, lo p.
"Catalogue of British patent inventions,'' p.135, 17 p.
Pitting of propeller blades. 900 w. 1908. (In Engineer, London, v.105,
P-53S.)
Editorial discussion.
Pitting of propeller blades. 1,300 w. 1909. (In Engineer, London,
V.107, p.397.)
Editorial discussion, recommending the use of a harder alloy.
Post, J. W.
Corrosion of steel rails by sea water in tropical countries. 400 w.
Dr. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.46, p.394.)
Rhoades, Henry E.
Corrosion of propeller shaft, U. S. S. Rhode Island. 1,200 w. Folding
pi. 1907. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers,
V.19, p.379.)
The same, slightly condensed. 1,000 w. (In Mechanical engineer, v.20,
p.487.)
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Experiments on the protection of steel and aluminum exposed to
sea water. 8,000 w. 1896. (In Transactions of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, v.36, p.483.)
Condition of plates with various preservative coatings after six months' immersion
in sea-water.
Discussion and correspondence.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Experiments on the protection of steel and aluminum exposed to
water. 5,000 w. 1899. (In Transactions of the American Society of
Civil Engineers, v.43, p.444.)
Continuation of above experiments.
Discussion.
The same, condensed. (In Engineering news, v.40, p.54.)
Sherman, Edward C.
Experiments on the corrosion of steel in contact with bronze in seawater.
700 w. Diag. dr. 1909. (In Engineering news, v.6i, p.292.)
See also editorial, p.292.
The same. (In Mechanical engineer, v.23, p.472.)
Results show little loss of steel when protected by zinc strips.
Steinmetz, Joseph A.
Note on corrosion of aluminum. 500 w. 111. 1903. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.3, p.217.)
Corrosion in free-board plates of nickel-aluminium from a dismantled yacht.
"The writer's view is that... [the corrosion] was intensified by the use of steel
rivets in contact with the aluminum plates, uniting them to bronze plates, the whole immersed
in salt water and subject to conditions of severe atmospheric changes and exceeding
humidity."

34 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Thomson, William.
Notes on the oxidation and corrosion of iron and steel. 2,400 w.
1894. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.13, p.118.)
Experiments on the value of protective coatings and on the action of caustic soda,
etc. on iron and steel, with special reference to structures exposed to the spray of salt
water.
Uthemann.
La corrosion du cuivre par I'eau de mer; moyens de la prevenir.
2,000 w. 1905. (In Le Genie civil, v.47, p.344)
Uthemann.
Corrosion of copper in sea water. 2,800 w. 111. 1905. (In Engineer,
London, v.99, P.442.)
The same. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers,
V.17, p.467.)
Experiment has failed to produce any alloy which will replace copper for condenser
tubes, etc. This paper describes successful attempts to overcome the chemical action of
sea-water by electrolytic action between the copper of tubes and the iron of spirals enclosing
them.
Uthemann.
Schutz des kupfers und seiner legierungen gegen die zerstorung
durch seewasser. 2,000 w. 1905. (In Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher
Ingenieure, v.49, pt.i, p.733.)
An attempt to determine the best alloys for marine condenser tubes.
Younger, A. Scott.
Corrosion and failure of propeller shafts. 5,500 w. Folding pi.
1900. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.42, p.263.)
Discussion.
Plans suggested as a remedy:
1. Increased diameter of shaft.
2. (a) Re-introduction of outer bearing.
(b) Minimum weight for propeller.
(c) Increased water ballast.
3. Abolish brass liners and run shaft on white metal with oil or tallow surrounding
it.
Corrosion by Vapors
[Brass corrosion by sugar vapor.] 400 w. 1888. (In American Society
of Mechanical Engineers, v.9, p.429.)
Remedy suggested is a coating of paraffin.
Dagron, James G.
Protection from corrosion of iron-work used as covering for railroad
tunnels. 700 w. Dr. 1892. (In Transactions of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, v.27, p.324.)
Discussion.
Method for protection consisted of "hermetically sealing the iron-work from the access
of steam and locomotive gases by a flat arch of hollow firebrick tiles."
Dudley, William L.
Effect of coal gas on the corrosion of wrought iron pipe buried in
the earth. 1,100 w. 1908. (In Journal of the American Chemical Society,
v.30, p.247.)
Experiments in earth saturated with coal gas, indicating that amount of corrosion
is determined by the chlorin content in the earth.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 35
Kent, William.
Rapid corrosion of iron in railway bridges. 2,000 w. 1875. (In
Journal of the Franklin Institute, v.99, p.437.)
Considers sulphurous acid one of the most active corrosive agents.
Protecting low overhead structures from gases and blasts of locomotives.
1,600 w. 1904. (In Engineering news, v.52, p.371.)
Report of a committee, presenting opinions from many sources.
Thorner, Wilhelm.
Ueber ursache und verhinderung der starken oxydation des eisernen
eisenbahn-oberbaues im tunnel. 15 p. Dr. 1889. (In Stahl und eisen,
v.9, p.821.)
Recommends covering the rails with a tar coating and covering the ground and
sides with limestone or milk of lime.
Boiler Corrosion
Aynsley, C. Murray.
On the preservation of boilers. 9,000 w. 1880. (In Van Nostrand's
engineering magazine, v.23, p.395.)
Discussion of protective coatings for boilers, action of feed-waters and their treatment.
Baucke, H.
Beitrag zur metallographie des flusseisens. 1,600 w. 111. 1899. (In
Baumaterialienkunde, v.4, p.349.)
The same, in French. (In Baumaterialienkunde, v.4, p.349.)
The same. (In Stahl und eisen, v.20, pt.i, p.260.)
The same, condensed translation. 600 w. (In Journal of the Iron and
Steel Institute, v.57, p.427.)
Microscopic examination of badly corroded boiler tubes.
Boiler corrosion [and] Boiler incrustation [and] Boiler compositions.
7 p. 1909. (In Spons' Workshop receipts for manufacturers and scientific
amateurs, revised ed., v.i, p.145.)
Boiler incrustations. 9,500 w. 1896. (In Workshop receipts, v.2, p.42.)
Gary, Albert A.
Cure for corrosion and scale from boiler waters. 7,200 w. 111. 1897.
(In Engineering magazine, v.12, p.959.)
B'irst of a series of articles. Treats of pitting, grooving and general corrosion,
theories in explanation, means of prevention.
Christie, William Wallace.
Corrosion. 35 p. 111. 1906. (In his Boiler-waters, p.68.)
Treats rather fully the corrosion of boilers, the action of different feed-waters and
the dangers of pitting.
Churchill, W. W.
Preservation of surface condenser tubes in plants using salt or contaminated
water circulation. 3,000 w. 1906. (In Science, v.47, p.405.)
The same. (In Power, v.26, p.598.)
Paper before the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Considers the prevention of electrolytic corrosion. Author presents Oliver J. Lodge's
views on electrolytic conduction and Faraday's laws of electrolysis as a basis for his
views.

36 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Corrosion and incrustation; a source of boiler explosions. 2,400 w. 111.
1908. (In Boiler maker, v.8, p.279.)
Cribb, Cecil H. & Arnaud, F. W. F.
On the action of slightly alkaline waters on iron. 5,600 w. 111. 1905.
(In Analyst, v.30, p.225.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering, v.8i, p.32.)
Experiments indicate increased corrosion in alkaline solution, though less rapid in
boilers than under ordinary conditions.
Ford, John D.
Corrosion of boiler tubes. 5,200 w. 111. 1904. (In Journal of the
American Society of Naval Engineers, v. 16, p.529.)
The same, condensed. 1,000 w. (In Iron and steel magazine, v.io, p.349.)
Extensive experiments made for the United States navy department at the laboratory
of the National Tube Co., McKeesport, to determine relative corrodibility of lap-welded
Bessemer steel, lap-welded iron, seamless cold-drawn steel and seamless hot-drawn steel
boiler tubes.
Fremont, Ch. & Osmond, F.
Les sillons de corrosion dans les toles de chaudieres a vapeur.
4,200 w.' 111. 1905. (In Revue de metallurgie, v.2, p.775.)
Investigation of cause of lines of corrosion in boiler plates.
Gibbons, W. H.
Physical reasons for rapid corrosion of steel boiler-tubes. 800 w.
111. 1895. (In American engineer and railroad journal, v.69, p.157.)
Considers difference in corrodibility of tubes made from the "top" and the "bottom"
of an ingot, with its application to the relative corrosion of steel and charcoal iron.
Greth, J. C. William.
Chemical aspect of impurities in steam boilers. 3,600 w. 1909. (In
Industrial world, v.43, P.i572.)
Considers the effect of the different impurities in boiler waters and their corrosive
influences.
Greth, J. C. William.
Impurities causing scale and corrosion. 4,200 w. 1909. (In Boiler
maker, v.9, p.i 15.)
Paper before the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
Discusses action on boilers of salts and acids, the formation of scale and methods of
softening the water.
Grossmann, J.
Corrosive action of magnesian and other waters on steam boilers.
2,000 w. Dr. 1909. (In Engineer, London, v.107, p.262.)
Experiments tend to show that magnesian waters containing in solution also calcium
carbonate are not exceptionally corrosive and that after softening such waters
may be more corrosive than in their natural state.
Hopkins, Albert A. ed.
Incrustation of boilers. 600 w. 1901. (In his Scientific American
cyclopedia of receipts, ed.2, p.266.)
Gives receipts for various preventives and remedies.
Huntly, G. Nevill.
Sulphur as a cause of corrosion in steel. 1,600 w. 1909. (In Journal
of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.28, p.339.)
Considers action resulting from the solution of the sulphur present as sulphid in
the boiler metal.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 37
Kirtley, William.
On the corrosion of locomotive boilers and the means of prevention.
8,800 w. 111. 1866. (In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, v.17, p.56.)
Considers corrosion due both to chemical action of water and mechanical action of
strain. The trouble may be obviated by removing one of the these causes, i. e. by proper
boiler design, eliminating springing at joints, etc.
La Coux, H. de.
Eaux corrosives et incrusto-corrosives dans les generateurs de
vapeur. 14,500 w. 1899. (In Le Genie civil, v.36, p.117, 139, 149.)
Substances causing corrosion and means of prevention.
Lodin.
Sur les causes d'alteration interieure des chaudieres a vapeur. 600 w.
1880. (In Comptes rendus des seances de 1'Academic des sciences, v.91,
p.217.)
Chief cause is oxidation due to oxygen set free during decomposition of water.
M'Namara, R. E.
Incrustation and corrosion; causes and prevention in steam boilers
and pressure vessels of the varied industries. 2,600 w. Dr. ill. 1909.
(In Boiler maker, v.9, p.63.)
Considers the corrosive ingredients common in boiler waters.
M'Namara, R. E.
Incrustation and corrosion; causes and prevention in steam boilers
and pressure vessels of the varied industries. 3,300 w. 111. 1909, (In
Boiler maker, v.9, p.85.)
Considers especially the attack of corrosive liquids in the packing-house and papermaking
industries.
Norris, W. J.
Corrosion in steam boilers. 5,000 w. 1882. (In Transactions of the
Institution of Naval Architects, v.23, p.151.)
Disagrees with theories of galvanic action; production of hydrochloric acid in boiler
by decomposition of water; action of fatty acids produced by decomposition of lubricants,
etc. Ascribes all boiler corrosion to simple oxidation by presence in water of
free oxygen derived from the air.
Palmer, J. Edward.
Corrosion of steel boiler tubes on vessels fitted with turbine engines.
1,000 w. 1907. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers,
V.19, p.54.)
The same. (In Engineering news, v.57, p.426.)
Corrosion caused by copper deposits in the tubes, carried over by the steam from
the bronze turbine blades.
Paul, James Hugh.
Corrosion in steam boilers. 20 p. 111. 1891. (In Transactions of
the Society of Engineers, v.31, p.147.)
Chemical properties of iron; manufacture of boiler plates; corrosive natural waters;
artesian well waters; corrosion in marine boilers; action of zinc.
Discussion.
Phillips, David.
On the comparative endurance of iron and mild steel when exposed

38 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Phillips, David—continued.
to corrosive influences. 25 p. Dr. 1881. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.65, p.73.)
Discussion, 40 p.
Considers Admiralty tests and tests by the author indicating greater resistance to
corrosion of iron.
Rinne, H.
Kesselmaterial und kesselkorrosionen. 5,000 w. Dr. 1904- (In
Stahl und eisen, v.24, pt.i, p.82.)
Considers the corrosion of boiler tubes of different qualities of iron and the influence
of other conditions.
Rowan, F. J.
On boiler incrustation and corrosion. 2,000 w. 1876. (In Report of
the 46th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science, p.229.)
Reviews knowledge and experiments to date (1876) on the action and prevention of
corrosion.
Scaife (William B.) & Sons Co.
Corrosion. 900 w. 111. 1907. (In their Water purification for all
purposes, p.47.)
Considers corrosive action of different boiler feed-waters.
Sexton, A. Humboldt.
Study of the corrosion of condenser tubes. 4,500 w. 111. ICJ05. (In
Engineering magazine, y.30, p.211.)
Tlie same. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers,
v.17, p.iiSo.)
Causes and prevention. Considers only brass tubes.
Sickles, E. C.
Corrosion of condenser tubes. 3,000 w. Diag. dr. ill. 1908. (In
Power, v.28, p.349.)
Influence on the choice of condenser equipment for electric power plants.
Summerfield, R. D.
Prevention of scale and corrosion in boilers. 2,400 w. 1900. (In
Electrical engineer, London, v.32, p.91.)
Need of water analysis, treatment of acid waters, etc.
Wakeman, W. H.
Grooving, pitting and corrosion in steam boilers. 1,800 w. 1906.
(In Industrial world, v.40, p.869.)
Treats briefly of water softening, boiler compounds, galvanic action and action of
acid in feed-water.
Worthington, Walter F.
Corrosion of boiler tubes in the United States navy. 5,000 w. PI.
1900. (In Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, v.12,
P.S89.)
Causes of corrosion are discussed, especially from the action of the different impurities
in feed-water.
Yarrow, A. F.
Some experiments having reference to the durability of water-tube

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 39
Yarrow, A. F.—continued.
boilers. 2,600 w. 1899. (In Transactions of the Institution of Naval
Architects, v.41, p.333.)
Discussion.
From experimental results assumes that both from .acid corrosion and from the
action of steam nickel steel boiler-tubes will be far more durable than those of mild
steel.
Pipe Corrosion
Brackett, Dexter.
Water pipes on metropolitan water works. 2,000 w. 1899. (In
Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v.13, P.32S.)
Deals briefly with protection of steel pipe from corrosion. Favors ordinary tar
coating, carefully applied, for outside, and paraffin or vulcanite for inside of pipes.
Committee report on relative corrosion of wrought iron and steel pipes.
1,600 w. Dr. ill. 1909. (In Plumbers'trade journal, V.14, p.214.)
The same, slightly condensed. 1,300 w. (In Heating and ventilating
magazine, v.6, p.12.)
Report to American Society of Heating and X'entilating Engineers.
Tests indicate steel pipe of good quality to be as durable as wrought-iron pipe.
[Corrosion of iron water pipe.] 900 w. 1897. (In Journal of the New
England Water Works Association, v.ii, p.222.)
Discussion, showing that pipe in which water is standing is less liable to corrosion
than that through which water is flowing and thus affording a fresh supply of oxygen.
Corrosion of pipe in coal mines. 450 w. 111. 1906. (In Iron age,
v.78, p.8o.)
Results showing superiority of "Spellerized" steel pipes in the sulphur water of coal
mines.
[Corrosion of water pipe.] 3,000 w. 1884. (In Transactions of the
New England Water Works Association, 1884, p.41.)
Deals briefly with various kinds of service pipes, preferring lead, cement-lined, and
galvanized, in the order named.
Filling of service pipes by sediment or tuberculation. 1,200 w. 1893.
(In Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v.8, p.105.)
Topical discussion on pipe corrosion, etc., considering enamel pipe inferior to either
galvanized or cement-lined.
Freund, Martin.
Uber eine eigenartige zerstorung von wasserleitungsrohren. 2,800 w.
1904. (In Zeitschrift fiir angewandte chemie, v.17, pt.i, p.45.)
Investigation of a destructively corroded cast-iron water-pipe, giving analyses of
original metal and of the corroded portions.
Greth, J. C. William.
Scaling and corroding substances and their elimination from water
for boilers. 5,000 w. 1909. (In Industrial world, v.43, p.578.)
Howe, Freeland, jr.
Action of water on pipes. 5,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the New
England Water Works Association, v.22, p.43.)
Consideration of the nature of water and of iron pipe and of the electrolytic action
that takes place.

40 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Howe, Henry M. & Stoughton, Bradley.
Relative corrosion of steel and wrought iron tubing. 20 p. 111. 1908.
(In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.S,
p.247.)
Discussion, 15 p.
The same. (In Industrial world, v.83, p. 1244.)
Believes that modern steel tubing is equal to wrought-iron tubing and that the
prejudice against it is due to practical experience with older tubing.
Hutton, F. R.
Note on the action of a sample of mineral wool used as a non-conductor
around steam-pipes. 2,800 w. 1882. (In Transactions of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.3, p.228.)
States that in presence of moisture mineral wool causes very rapid corrosion of
iron pipes.
Jamieson, Mathew Buchan.
Internal corrosion of cast-iron pipes. 14 p. Dr. 1881. (In Minutes
of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.65, P.323.)
Consideration of composition of rust, methods of cleaning pipes and the harmful
effects of corrosion.
Murdoch, Gilbert.
Life of cast iron water pipe at St. John, N. B. 500 w. 1894. (In
Engineering news, v.31, p.15.)
Abstract of report giving causes of pipe failure.
Rust in galvanized iron water service pipe. 6,000 w. 1909. (In Metal
worker, v.71, March 27, p.48; April 3, p.52; April 10, p.45; April 17, p.48;
April 24, p.39.)
Continued discussion, by letter, in reply to questions by editor concerning the
presence and prevention of corrosion in water-pipe.
Siebel, E. P.
Pitting of iron, particularly pipe; its causes and possible preventives.
3,000 w. 111. 1909. (In National engineer, v.13, p.192.)
Paper before the Chicago section of the Society of Brewing Technology.
Regards pitting as due to electrochemical decomposition in the presence of water
and dependent upon the homogeneity of the material. Wrought-iron pipe considered
more durable than steel pipe.
Spataro, D.
Corrosion of cast-iron pipes. 800 w. 1893. (In Journal of the Iron
and Steel Institute, v.44, P.522.)
Abstract translation from "L'Industria."
Considers the action of air and water jointly on cast-iron pipes and of the ground
in which they are placed.
Speller, Frank N.
Wrought pipe-threading and relative durability of steel and iron.
3,000 w. Dr. ill. 1905. (In Journal of the Canadian Mining Institute,
v.8, p.46.)
The same. (In Iron age, v.7S, p.741.)
Review and illustrations of United States navy department tests on pitting. Experiments
by National Tube Co., showing that, in resistance to corrosion, common iron
and Bessemer steel are both slightly superior to charcoal iron.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 41
Stewart, A. W.
Corrosion in metal pipes on board ship. 6,200 w. 1903. (In Transactions
of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.45, p.183.)
TJie same, abstract. (In Engineer, London, v.95, p.374.)
Discussion.
Considers the action of impurities on the pipes, especially of chlorine and organic
impurities.
Thomson, T. N.
Relative corrosion of wrought iron and soft steel pipes. 2,800 w.
Dr. ill. 1908. (In Heating and ventilating magazine, v.5, p.15.)
The same, slightly condensed. 2,500 w. (In Iron age, v.81, p.434.)
See also letter by G. Schuhmann, p.520.
Paper before the American Society of Heating and \'entilating Engineers.
Conclusion from experiments is that "plain steel pipe is more durable than plain
wrought-iron pipe when used to convey hot water and subject only to internal corrosion."
Wrought-iron pipe versus steel pipe. 1,300 w. Dr. 1908. (In Heating
and ventilating magazine, v.5, p.8.)
Contains extracts from a pamphlet published by the Reading Iron Co., claiming that
wrought-iron is the more durable.
Corrosion of Structural Work
Marriott, William.
Strengthening and maintaining of early iron bridges. 10 p. 1905.
(In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.162,
P.213.)
Discussion, 47 p.
Maintains that no iron bridge rusts as rapidly as new steel bridges, probably due to
want of homogeneity or to segregation in the steel.
Preservation of structural steel in tall buildings. 600 w. 1903. (In Engineering
record, v.47, p.i29.)
Pabst building, New York city. Steel cage building; framework encased in brick
and terra-cotta well preserved.
Removal of a steel frame building. 800 w. 1903. (In Engineering
news, v.49, P-II3.)
Good condition of steel in Pabst Hotel, New York city, five years after erection.
Snow, J. P.
Corrosion of structural steel as affected by its chemical composition.
500w. 1906. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.6, p.148.)
Suggests investigation of part played by manganese and phosphorus.
Taylor, H. N.
Earnest boost for tin roofs. 2,000 w. 1908. (In Waterproofing and
fireproofing, v.2, Nov. 1908, p.7.)
Claims tin has greater weather-resisting qualities than copper, sheet-lead or zinc.
Taylor, H. N.
Tin is a lasting roofing material; instances in which roofs covered
a century ago are still protecting buildings from the weather. 1,600 w.
111. 1908. (In Waterproofing and fireproofing, v.2, Dec. 1908, p.7.)

42 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Taylor, H. N.
Tin roofs on chemically fireproofed sheathing boards. 1,500 w.
1909. (In Metal worker, v.71, p.44-)
Corrosion of tin from under side, believed to have been caused by moisture coming
in contact with the chemicals used in fireproofing the wood.
Thomson, John M.
Chemistry of certain metals and their compounds used in building,
and the changes produced in them by air, moisture and noxious gases.
13,000 w. 1896. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.44, p.86i, 873,885.)
Protection against Corrosion
General
Asbestos protected metal. 600 w. 1908. (In Railway age, v.45, p.449.)
Sheet-steel is protected by layers of asbestos felt embedded in an asphaltic material.
Birkmire, William H.
Finishing iron and steel. 1,000 w. 1897. (In his Architectural iron
and steel, p.156.)
Short chapter on bronzing, enameling, electroplating, galvanizing, painting and
lacquering.
Hiscdx, Gardner D. ed.
Plating. 17,000 w. 1907. (In his Henley's twentieth century book
of recipes, formulas and processes, p.565.)
Description of all methods for the various metals, with many receipts.
See also Electroplating, p.286.
Hiscox, Gardner D. ed.
Rust preventives. 2,400 w. 1907. (In his Henley's twentieth century
book of recipes, formulas and processes, p.623.)
Gives many receipts for preparations and coatings.
Hopkins, Albert A. ed.
Rust. 4,500 w. 1901. (In his Scientific American cyclopedia of receipts,
ed.2, p.491.)
Gives methods and formulas of rust preventives for various articles of iron.
PoUeyn, Friedrich.
Putzmaterialien fiir eisen zum entfernen von rost. 28 p. 1909. (In
his Putzbaumwolle und andere putzmaterialien, p.218.)
Treumann, Julian.
Die mittel zur verhiitung des rostes. 6,000 w. 1898. (In Stahl und
eisen, v.i8, pt.2, p.882, 940.)
Deals principally with methods of rust prevention in structural iron and steel work.
Wood, Matthew P.
Rustless coatings, corrosion and electrolysis of iron and steel. 432 p.
111. 1904.
Gives much valuable information on metal preservation. Deals fully with paints and
pigments, galvanizing and other metallic coating processes. Contains bibliographic footnotes.
Cement and Concrete
Action of cinder concrete on steel. 300 w. 1897. (In Engineering news,
v.37, p.i86.)

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 43
Breuille.
Experiences sur le ciment arme. 4,500 w. Dr. 1902. (In Annales
des ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser. 8, v.3, ler trimestre, p.181.)
Tlie same, condensed. 200 w. (In Transactions of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, v.51, p.124.)
The same, condensed. 100 w. (In Taylor & Thompson's Treatise on
concrete, plain and reinforced, p.430.)
Argues against the belief that cement does not attack iron. Chemical union takes place
between metal and cement, forming silicate of iron, soluble in water, and unless special
care is taken in waterproofing the concrete this salt is dissolved and corrosion takes place.
Buel, Albert W.
Protection of metal work in concrete. 1,400 w. 1898. (In Engi-'
neering record, v.38, p.278, 409.)
Letter claiming that perfect protection may be secured without use of paint.
Cement paste for protecting Steel. 250 w. 1908. (In Mining and scientific
press, v.97, p.744.)
Successful coating used by the Pennsylvania railroad, said to be cheap and durable.
Concrete as a preservative of steel from rust. 1,000 w. 1905. (In Engineering
news, V.53, p.316.)
Editorial emphasizing necessity for proper precautions in applying the concrete.
See also letter, p.316.
Corrosion of iron in concrete. 3,500 w. 1898. (In Engineering record,
v.27, P.253. 272.)
Corrosion of reinforcing metal. 900 w. 1906. (In Iron age, v.78, p.1667.)
Summary of report of committee of the Structural Association of San Francisco,
recommending the exclusion of cinder concrete as a fireproofing or floor material.
Corrosion of reinforcing metal in cinder-concrete floors. 2,200 w. 1906.
(In Engineering news, v.56, p.458.)
Contains report in full of a committee to the Structural Association of San Francisco,
recommending that the building laws be so amended as to exclude cinder concrete
from use in floor slabs.
See also editorial, p.461.
Durability of steel in concrete. 900 w. 1902. (In Engineering record,
v.46, 280.)
Comment on experiments of Breuille.
Electrolytic corrosion, and iron and steel in concrete. 1,400 w. 1907.
(In Engineering, v.84, P.430-)
Editorial discussion of recent (1907) experiments.
Experiment to indicate whether iron rusts when imbedded in concrete.
150 w. 1904. (In Report of the Boston Transit Commission, v.io, appendix
F, p.8o.)
Two-year tests gave excellent results.
Experiment to indicate whether steel imperfectly cleaned is preserved
from further rusting by imbedding the same in concrete. 200 w. 1904.
(In Report of the Boston Transit Commission, v.io, appendix F 2, p.8i.)
No apparent increase of rust in two years.
Fox, William H.
Corrosion of steel in reinforced cinder concrete. 1,600 w. Dr. 1907.
(In Engineering news, v.57, p.569.)
Records experiments in which reinforced cinder concrete was exposed'to steam and
to water for about 40 days. Results showed unmistakable signs of corrosion.

44 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Himmelwright, A. L. A.
Corrosion of steel in cinder concrete. 1,200 w. 1907. (In Iron age,
v.79, P-I4I.)
Believes that cinder concrete should not be condemned and that the corrosion observed
in San Francisco took place during construction.
Hinrichsen, F. Willy.
Zur kenntnis des einflusses von koksasche auf den rostangriff von
eisen. 1,400 w. 1907. (In Mitteilungen aus dem Koniglichen ^laterialpriifungsamt,
v.2S, p.321.)
Found that the sulphur in coke ashes has very little action on iron enclosed in
cement and ashes.
• Immunity from rusting of reinforcing steel in concrete. 900 w. 111.
1908. (In Engineering news, v.59, P-524.)
Results of tests at the Prussiati Royal Testing Institution, showing that ordinary
tension cracks do not allow corroding influences of the atmosphere to affect the steel.
Keep water away from steel. 2,700 w. igo8. (In Waterproofing and
fireproofing, v.2, Oct. 1908, p.15.)
Claims that by capillary action "steel will draw moisture through two feet of
cement." Non-scientific article.
Knudson, Adolphus A.
Electrolytic corrosion of iron and steel in concrete. 3,200 w. Diag.
dr. ill. 1907. (In Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers, v.26, pt.i, p.231.)
Discussion, p.264. 16,000 w. Diag. dr.
The same, ivithout discussion. (In Electrician, London, v.59, P.2I3.)
"In no sense can concrete be considered an insulator, and. . . it is from all appearances
just as good an electrolyte as any of the soils found in the earth."
Langsdort, A. S.
Electrolysis of reinforced concrete. 1,200 w. Diag. dr. ill. 1909.
(In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.42, p.69.)
The same. (In Engineering-contracting, v.31, p.327.)
In general an amplification of earlier experiments of Knudson, confirming his
results.
Lidy.
Experiences sur I'alteration des ciments armes par I'eau de mer.
3,000 w. 1899. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser. 7,
V.18, 4e trimestre, p.229.)
Results of experiments indicate that cement is not impermeable to salt water and
that in time the action of the water will be destructive.
Lindeck, St.
Ueber die elektrische leitungsfahigkeit von cement und beton.
3,500 w. Dr. 1896. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.17, p.180.)
Gives in tabular form results of many tests proving that for insulating purposes
asphalt concrete is superior to cement concrete.
Matthews, Ernest R.
Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. 500 w. 1909. (In
Iron and coal trades review, v.78, p.544.)
The same. (In Mechanical engineer, v.23, P.44i.)
Abstract of paper before the Society of Engineers.
Conclusi^ns are that concrete, properly mixed, gives almost perfect protection to
steel, with no need for a cement coating.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 45
More evidence as to possible corrosion of steel imbedded in cinder concrete.
1,400 w. 1906. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.549.)
Letter from .X. L. .\. Himmelwright arguing in favor of the use of cinder concrete
in floor construction. Writer's belief is that the corrosion observed in San Francisco
buildings took place during construction.
See also letter, p.66i.
Newberry, Spencer B.
Chemistry of the protection of steel against rust and fire by concrete.
1,700 w. 1902. (In Scientific American supplement, V.S4, p.22335.)
The same. 1,000 w. (In Engineering news, v.47, P.335.)
Nicholas, U. James.
Tests on the effect of electric current on concrete. 3,200 w. 111.
1908. (In Engineering news, v.6o, p.710.)
Shows that electrolytic corrosion of reinforcing steel takes place at that anode, and
that under certain conditions concrete and cement are in no sense insulators.
Norton, Charles L.
Corrosion of steel frames of building. 1,500 w. 1902. (In Iron age,
V.70, Nov. 6, p.7.)
Report of the Insurance Engineering Experiment Station of the Associated Factory
Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, Boston.
Norton, Charles L.
Corrosion of the steel frames of buildings. 1,800 w. 111. 1902. (In
Technology quarterly, v.iS, p.343.)
Tests showing that concrete to be effective in preventing rust must be dense, without
voids or cracks, mixed and applied quite fresh to clean metal.
Norton, Charles L.
Protection of steel from corrosion. 1,600 w. 1904. (In Engineering
news, v.51, p.29.)
Laboratory experiments, tending to show that concrete properly applied is an
almost perfect preservative.
Norton, Charles L.
Tests to determine the protection afforded to steel by Portland cement
concrete. 1,700 w. 111. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.48, p.333.)
Indicate that neat Portland cement is a good preventive of corrosion and that corrosion
in cinder concrete is due to rust in the cinders and not to the sulphur.
Preservation of iron in concrete. 700 w. 1903. (In Engineering record,
v.47, P.5S4-)
Observations on condition of iron embedded in concrete since 1890.
Preservation of materials of construction; an informal discussion. 33 p.
111. 1903. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
V.50, p.293.)
Chiefly methods of preventing corrosion of iron and steel when embedded in
concrete.
Preservation of Steel in ferro-concrete. 1,100 w. 1909. (In Engineering
review, London, v.20, p.352.)
Brief discussion of recent views and work, with special consideration of conclusions
of E. R. Mathews in a paper before the Society of Engineers.
Rohland.
Ueber die oxydation des eisens und den eisenbeton. 400 w. 1908.
(In Tonindustrie-zeitung, v.32, pt.2, p.2049.)
Iron can be absolutely protected by a concrete coating, owing to the fact that iron
is not oxidized by alkaline solutions.

46 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Rohland.
Ueber die ursachen des verschwindens des rostes in eisenbeton.
900 w. 1909. (In Tonindustrie-zeitung, v.33, p.382.)
Sabin, Louis Carlton.
Preservation of iron and steel by mortar and concrete. 1,100 w.
1905. (In his Cement and concrete, p.336.)
Claims that if properly mixed and applied, both stone and cinder concrete not only
prevent corrosion but arrest the formation of rust when already started.
Schaub, J. W.
Some phenomena of the adhesion of steel and concrete. 1,400 w.
1904. (In Engineering news, v.51, p.561.)
Points out that a chemical union takes place between the iron and the cement and
that this union is dissolved in water.
Steel protecting paste. 300 w. 1909. (In Compressed air, v.14, p.5252.)
Consists of a mixture of Portland cement, red lead, linseed oil and a dryer. Used
as protection against gaseous fumes.
Taylor, Frederick W. & Thompson, S. E.
Fire and rust protection. 1,400 w. 1905. (In their Treatise on concrete,
plain and reinforced, p.427.)
Considers briefly the evidence favorable to protection of both clean and rusty steel
by concrete; chemical union of steel and cement, cement paint, etc.
Tests on rusting of steel rods embedded in concrete. 600 w. 1908. (In
Engineering news, v.59, p.525.)
Tests made by J. M. Braxton, United States engineer.
Thwaite, Benjamin Howard.
Preservation of iron and steel. 1,900 w. 1906. (In Iron and steel
magazine, v.ii, p.411.)
From "Concrete and constructional engineering."
Calls attention to excellent results obtained by use of cement and concrete coverings.
Toch, Maximilian.
Electrolytic corrosion of structural steel. 1,300 w. 111. 1906. (In
Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.6, p.150.)
Tests of steel embedded in various mixtures of concrete show that the concrete is
no protection unless the steel is otherwise insulated.
Toch, Maximilian.
Electrolytic corrosion of structural steel. 1,800 w. 1906. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.9, p.77.)
The same, ivithout discussion. 1,000 w. (In Chemical engineer, v.4,
P.I2S.)
The same, condensed. 1,500 w. (In Electrochemical and Metallurgical
industry, v.4, p.215.)
Denies that concrete is a complete protector against corrosion, and cites experiments
showing that in structural steel embedded in concrete rapid corrosion takes place at the
anode while the cathode is protected.
Toch, Maximilian.
Permanent protection of iron and steel. 2,300 w. 111. 1903. (In
Journal of the American Chemical Society, v.2S, p.761.)
Considers that metal work, coated with cement paint, then with hydrocarbon insulating
paint, will be perfectly protected when embedded in masonry.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 47
Turner Construction Co.
Concrete as preservative of steel. 700 w. 1904. (In Engineering
record, v.50, p.146.)
Turner Construction Co.
Experiments on concrete as a preservative of steel exposed to sea
water. 400 w. Dr. 1904. (In Engineering news, v.52, p.153.)
Shows concrete to be an excellent protection against corrosion.
Verhalten von eisen im beton. 400 w. 1903. (In Stahl und eisen, v.23,
pt.i, p.650.)
Abstract from "Zentralblatt der bauverwaltung."
Only clean iron, free from rust, should be used in concrete, and the rods should
not be too near the surface.
Wagoner, Luther, & Skinner, T. H.
Corrosion of reinforcing metal in cinder concrete floors. 2,000 w.
1906. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.458.)
The same. 1,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.54, p.SS2.)
Examination of San Francisco buildings after the fire, showing corrosion so great
as to render floors unsafe in from six to ten years after construction. Considers presence
of coal or coke in cinder especially detrimental and in general condemns the use
of cinder concrete.
Whiskeman, James P.
Official report of preservation of structural steel in a tall New York
building. 1,800 w. 111. 1903. (In Engineering record, v.47, p.394.)
Report to the superintendent ol buildings on the Pabst building. Shows that paint
is unsatisfactory for underground protection and calls attention to the efficiency of
cinder concrete.
Enamels and Lacquers
Brannt, William T. & Wahl, W. H. ed.
Enamels and enamelling. 2,500 w. 1886. (In their Techno-chemical
receipt-book, p.115.)
Mainly receipts, with very brief directions.
Cooley, Arnold J.
Enamel. 1,800 w. 1891. (In his Cyclopedia of practical receipts,
ed.6, p.631.)
Receipts mainly.
Enamelling. 20,000 w. Dr. 1901. (In Engineer, London, v.92, p.194,
238, 264, 323, 347.)
Detailed general treatment of the whole subject of enameling.
Hiscox, Gardner D. ed.
Enameling. 20 p. 1907. (In his Henley's twentieth century book
of recipes, formulas and processes, p.290.)
Reviews steps of process and apparatus, and gives many receipts for enamels.
See also Glazes, p.377.
Hiscox, Gardner D. ed.
Lacquers. 3,200 w. 1907. (In his Henley's twentieth century book
of recipes, formulas and processes, p.437.)
Receipts for lacquers for metals and alloys.
Hopkins, Albert A. ed.
Enamels. 4,800 w. 1901. (In his Scientific American cyclopedia
of receipts, ed.2, p.i97-)

4S CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Hopkins, Albert A. ed.
Lacquering. 5,400 w. 1901. (In his Scientific American cyclopedia
of receipts, p.296.)
Receipts for lacquers for the various metals, etc.
Lacquers and paints for metals. 5,000 w. 1903. (In Engineer, London,
v.96, p.264, 288.)
Discusses ornamental rather than purely protective coverings, giving proper methods
of application.
Randau, Paul.
Enamels and enamelling; an introduction to the preparation and application
of all kinds of enamels for technical and artistic purposes; tr.
from the German by Charles Salter. 188 p. 111. 1900.
Schlemmer, J.
Zur ent'.vicklung der emaillierung auf gusseisen und ahnlicher ver
fahren. 2,000 w. 1906. (In Stahl und eisen, v.26, pt.i, p.350.)
Discusses various methods of forming protective coatings on cast-iron, whether by
ordinary enameling or otherwise.
Standage, H. C.
Practical polish and varnish maker. 260 p. 1892.
Contains many receipts and formulas for varnishes, lacquers and japans for metals.
Underbill, Dillon.
Enameled cast iron sanitary ware. 7,000 w. 111. 1909. (In Foundry,
v.34, P.i, 66, 125.)
Series of articles on the manufacture of porcelain enameled ware, in which the
methods of molding, pattern-making, designing, annealing and enameling are fully discussed.
VoUkommer, Joseph.
Enameling as an industry. 2,600 w. 1899. (In Iron age, v.63, March
23, p.10.)
Treats especially the preparation of the metal for enameling and the application of
the enamel.
Wood, Matthew P.
Rustless coatings for iron and steel; tinning and enameling metals,
lacquering, and other preservative methods. 75 p. 111. 1894. (In
Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.15,
p.998.)
Galvanizing and Tinning
Burgess, Charles F.
Investigation of the properties of zinc coatings. 7,000 w. Diag. dr.
1905. (In Electrochemical and metallurgical industry, v.3, p.17.)
Electrolytic zinc coatings better than metal in the molten condition.
Cold galvanizing; the process and apparatus employed by the U. S.
Electro Galvanizing Company. 2,000 w. Dr. 1906. (In Iron age, v.77,
p.1980.)
Collins, A. Frederick.
Cold galvanizing for iron and steel. 1,000 w. 1907. (In Scientific
American, v.i 10, p.94.)
Considers its advantages over the hot process.

METAL CORROSION .\ND PROTECTION 49
Cowper-Coles, Sherard.
Electro-positive coating for the protection of iron and steel from
corrosion. 3,500 w. 111. 1906. (In Electrical engineer, London, v.44,
p.296.)
Paper before the British Association for the .advancement of Science.
Fully illustrated description of electro-zincing plant and process.
Cowper-Coles, Sherard.
Galvanising of iron and steel surfaces. 4,600 w. Dr. ill. 1905. (In
Iron and coal trades review, v.71, p.1607.)
Paper before the Society of Engineers.
Cowper-Coles, Sherard.
Metallic preservation of iron and steel surfaces. 8,300 w. 111. 1905.
(In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.45, P.i83.)
Galvanizing, particularly the sherardizing process of the author.
Discussion. Three folding plates.
Cowper-Coles, Sherard.
Protective metallic coatings for iron and steel. 15,000 w. 111. 1898.
(In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.38, p.139.)
The same, without discussion. 13,000 w. (In Industries and iron, v.25,
p.284, 304, 324.)
Effect of various corroding agents on metals; cleaning by pickling and sand blast;
protective zinc coatings.
Discussion. Two folding plates.
Cowper-Coles, Sherard.
Recent improvements in electro-galvanising. 1,300 w. Dr. ill. 1898.
(In Cassier's magazine, v.13, p.306.)
Emphasizes the economy of the process and the durability of the zinc coating
obtained.
Cowper-Coles electro zincing process. 600 w. 111. 1895. (In Electrical
review, London, v.36, p.119.)
Does not describe process but gives good illustrations of plants in operation.
Davies, Herbert E.
Action of water on zinc and galvanized iron. 5,000 w. 1899. (In
Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.i8, p.102.)
Shows that all kinds of water attack zinc and that a moderate degree of hardness
favors the action.
Electrogalvanising. 500 w. 111. 1906. (In Electrician, v.57, P.533-)
Treatment of boiler and condenser tubes.
Electrolytic tinning. 1,000 w. 1909. (In Electrical magazine, v.ii, p.349.)
Tin is deposited from solution at a temperature of between 50 and 60 degrees.
Flanders, W. T.
Galvanizing. 2,800 w. 1896. (In Iron age, v.57, P.5l8.)
Directions for operations in hot galvanizing.
Flanders, W. T.
Galvanizing and tinning. 93 p. 111. 1900.
Contains 40 pages on the practice of hot galvanizing.
Galvanisation electrique du fer. 2,500 w. Dr. 1897. (In Le Genie civil,
v.31, p.38.)
Considers methods of electro-galvanizing, especially those of Wagner and of Cowper-
Coles.

50 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Harbord, F. W.
Protecting steel from corrosion. 4,200 w. 111. 1904. (In his Metallurgy
of steel, p.529.)
Brief description of galvanizing and tinning processes.
Lees, T. G.
Internal corrosion of wire ropes. 1,800 w. 1897. (In Colliery guardian,
v.74, p.792.)
Abstract of paper before the Chesterfield and Midland Counties Institution of
Engineers.
Describes favorable results obtained by the use of galvanized wire ropes.
Moldenke, R.
Galvanizing. 1,600 w. 1906. (In Foundry, v.27, P.24S.)
Brief consideration of operation of the hot galvanizing process.
Mowry, Edward S.
Electro-galvanizing. 600 w. 1906. (In Iron age, v.77, P.352.)
Letter claiming marked inferiority of electro-galvanizing to hot galvanizing.
Porter galvanizing process. 1,500 w. Dr. 1904. (In Iron age, v.74,
August 18, p.2.)
Description of machine for removing excess metal on galvanized articles.
Recent developments in galvanizing; "sherardizing," the dry galvanizing
process of Cowper-Coles. 1,200 w. 111. 1909. (In Scientific American
supplement, v.67, p. 149.)
Recent improvements in galvanising. 2,000 w. 111. 1895. (In Engineer,
London, v.79, p.494; v.8o, p.343.)
Brief notice of early galvanizing and well illustrated description of Cowper-Coles
process.
Reese, George C.
On an improvement in the art of galvanizing. 1,400 w. 111. 1897.
(In Journal of the Franklin Institute, v.144, p.312.)
Improvement consists in removing the excess of zinc coating in a centrifugal separator
instead of by the wiping method.
Sang, Alfred.
Art of galvanizing. 9,000 w. 1907. (In Foundry, v.30, p.417, 486.)
The same. (In Iron age, v.79, P.i552, 1646.)
The same. (In Iron and coal trades review, v.75, P-I564.)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.64, p.2l, 42.)
Paper before the American Foundrymen's Association.
Considers theory of galvanizing and methods in use, with particular reference to
sherardizing.
Sang, Alfred.
Old and new methods of galvanizing. 10,000 w. 1907. (In Proceedings
of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v.23, p.546.)
Description of hot and cold methods of galvanizing and of sherardizing. Frequent
references to original sources.
Sang, Alfred.
Theory and practice of sherardizing. 2,800 w. 111. 1907. (In Electrochemical
and metallurgical industry, v.5, p.187.)
Notes on the operation of the process and on its advantages.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 51
Sexton, A. Humboldt.
Rusting and protection of iron and steel. 26 p. 111. 1902. (In his
Outline of the metallurgy of iron and steel, p.570.)
Corrosion of various forms of iron, and prevention, chiefly by tinning and other
metallic coatings.
Sherardizing; a new process for protecting iron and steel from corrosion.
2,200 w. 111. 1904. (In Iron age, v.74, Oct. 20, p.12.)
Furnace process, invented by Sherard Cowper-Coles, for coating iron and steel with
metallic zinc.
Sherardizing; new method of galvanizing. 800 w. 1908. (In Industrial
world, v.82, p.250.)
Szirmay, Ignaz.
Erprobung der rostsicherheit von verzinkten eisen- und stahldrahten,
sowie von stacheldraht aus verzinkten eisen- und stahldrahten. 1,300 w.
1905. (In Zeitschrift fiir elektrochemie, v.i I, p.333.)
Comparative tests of corrodibility of galvanized iron and steel wire and of iron and
steel articles galvanized by the hot and the electrolytic processes.
White, Henry I.
Electrolytical galvanizing. 1,600 w. 1906. (In Iron age, v.77, p.260.)
Describes process, claiming superiority in protection of iron with a thinner, more
even (!oating.
Wood, Matthew P.
Rustless coatings for iron and steel, galvanizing, electro-chemical
treatment, painting and other preservative methods. Sop. 111. 1894.
(In Transactions of the American Society of jNIechanical Engineers,
V.16, p.350.)
Magnetic Oxid
Barff.
On the formation of the black oxide of iron on iron surfaces for the
prevention of corrosion.
Discussion, 8 p.
7 p; 1877.
Paper before the Liverpool Polytechnic Society. Iron is heated to a cherry-red, then
kept in contact with dry steam for several hours. .\ protective coating of black oxid
is formed.
Barff.
Treatment of iron to prevent corrosion.
nal of the Society of Arts, v.27, p.39o.)
Discussion, 4,000 w.
5,000 w. 1879. (In Jour­
Describes author's process of coating with black oxid, giving testimonials concerning
the process by its users.
The same, ivithovt testimonials. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.7, p.2-62, 2778.)
Barff.
Zinc white as paint, and the treatment of iron for the prevention of
corrosion. 3,200 w. 1877. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.2S,
P.254-)
Discussion, 3,200 w.
Barff process for the protection of iron. 650 w. Dr. 1879. (In Engineering,
v.28, p.441.)
Tlie same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.9, p.3393.)

52 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Bower, George.
On the preservation and ornamentation of iron and steel surfaces.
7 p. 1881. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.i8, p.i66.)
Discussion, 10 p.
Bower, George.
Preservation and ornamentation of iron and steel surfaces. 7,300 w.
1883. (In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.23, p.59)
Metal protection by a film of magnetic oxid, produced directly by Barff process and
indirectly by joint process of the author and his son. Describes separate processes and
the combined or Bower-Barff.
Gesner rust-proof process. 600 w. 111. 1890. (In Iron age, v.45, P.S44.)
The same. (In Industries, v.8, p.451.)
Furnace process, giving to iron and steel .1 dark blue rust-proof coating.
Maynard, George W.
Bower-Barff rustless iron process. 4,000 w. 111. 1883. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.4, p.351.)
Describes furnace process for covering metals with a coating of magnetic oxid of iron.
Percy, John.
On the protection from atmospheric action which is imparted to
metals by a coating of certain of their own oxides, respectively. 1,500 w.
1877. (In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, v.ll, p.456.)
The same. (In Engineering, v.24, p.304.)
Iron and copper given as examples.
Piatt, Charles.
Oxide films on iron wire. 1,000 w. 1892. (In Engineering and
mining journal, v.54, p.78.)
Wire exposed to action of steam and acid vapor; heated; dipped in oil bath and
again heated.
Thwaite, Benjamin Howard.
On the preservation of iron by one of its own oxides. 13 p. Dr.
1883. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
v.74, P-2I5-)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.19, p.7625.)
Treats especially the Bower-Barff process.
Weigelin, G.
Inoxydation des eisens. 6,000 w. 1908. (In Stahl und eisen, v.28,
p.957, 1022.)
Considers the manner and conditions of the formation of a magnetic oxid coating
as preservative.
Weigelin, G.
Der inoxydationsofen. 1,800 w. 1904. (In Stahl und eisen, v.24,
pt.2, p.1443.)
A type of regenerative gas-furnace used in the Bower-Barff process of coating iron
with non-corrosive magnetic oxid.
Weightman, William H.
Oxidation of metals and the Bower-Barff process. 3,000 w. 111.
1885. (In Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
v.6, p.628.)
Considers the oxidation of iron and steel by nitre to be superior to the Bower-
Barff process in economy, in simplicity of application and in results.

:\IETAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 53
Paint
Andes, Louis Edgar.
Iron corrosion, anti-fouling and anti-corrosive paints.
1900.
275 p. 111.
Anti-corrosive paints; their qualities and composition.
(In Engineering, v.73, p.837.)
4,000 w. 1902.
Points out lack of an entirely satisfactory vehicle for metal-protecting paint. Considers
the nature and function of dryers. Classifies pigments as basic, acid and neutral,
of which only the strongly basic are valuable in metal protection.
Asphalt coatings for water pipe. 1,500 w. 1900. (In Engineering news,
v.43, P.33I-)
Tests of various asphalt coatings, leading to the conclusion that "mineral rubber"
asphalt is without exception the best pipe covering on the market.
Baker, Ira O.
Tests of bridge paint.
p. 166.)
Summary of experiments.
Bishop, A. J.
1,200 w. 1899. (In Railroad gazette, v.31,
Principles underlying car and locomotive painting, describing the
various processes and reasons for using materials as they are used.
5,000 w. 1903. (In Proceedings of the Northwest Railway Club, v.8,
April, p.5.)
The same, condensed. 2,500 w. (In Railroad gazette, v.35, p.437.)
Blanch, Joseph G. *
Effect of electricity on paint. 1,300 w. 1905. (In Proceedings of
the American Society for Testing Materials, v.5, p.445.)
Claims that a local electrochemical action takes place between metal surfaces and
certain kinds of paint, thereby accelerating internal corrosion.
Blount, Bertram,
Best means of preserving iron and steel work in railway construction.
900 w. 1908. (In Bulletin of the International Railway Congress
Association, v.22, p.31.)
Considers bituminous preparations the best preservatives.
Broom, William.
Information on the preservation of iron and steel structures. 11 p.
Pamphlet considering the properties and value of various paints as metal preservatives.
Butts, H. M.
What advancement has been made in paints for the protection of
metal parts and particularly steel cars? 3,000 w. 1904. (In Proceedings
of the Central Railway Club, May, p.27; Sept., p.12.)
Discussion.
Carulla, F. J. R.
New blue-black iron paint as a protective coating.
(In Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute v.75, P-204.)
Tlie same. (In Mechanical engineer, v.20, p.446.)
1,000 w. 1907.
Preservative paint is a by-product obtained from spent chlorid pickling liquors.
Cheesman, Frank P.
Priming coats for metal surfaces; linseed oil vs. paint. 2,600 w.

54 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Cheesman, Frank P.—continued.
1907. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials,
v.7, P.479.)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Engineering news, v.58, p.135.)
Considers oil coatings much inferior to paint as preservatives.
Cheesman, Frank P.
Proper paints for metals. 500 w. 1904. (In American gas light
journdl, v.8o, p.91.)
Letter disapproving of use of boiled oil and of painting machine.
Coating cast iron with tin. 1,000 w. 1909. (In Railway and engineering
review, v.49, P.I76.)
Abstract of article in the "Mechanical world."
Iron is first given a thin coating of copper, then covered with a metallic paint consisting
of a carrier and finely divided tin or tin-lead alloy.
Cushman, Allerton S.
Inhibitive power of certain pigments on the corrosion of iron and
steel. 2,000 w. Dr. 1908. (In Proceedings of the American Society
for Testing Materials, v.8, p.6os.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.58, p.328.)
Tests were made on the action of air and water combined on about 50 pigments.
Custer, E. A. & Smith, F. P.
Paint as a protection for iron. 7,500 w. 1896. (In Proceedings of
the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, v.12, p.291.)
Gives as essentials of a proper protective coating: adhesion, non-corrosion, toughness,
elasticity and resistance to water.
Discussion.
De Wyrall, Cyril.
Preservative coatings for iron and steel. 900 w. 1904. (In Proceedings
of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.4, p.445.)
Considers the vehicle, rather than the pigment, the life of the coating.
Dudley, Charles B.
Tests of paint. 22,000 w. 1904. (In Engineering record, v.so, p.229.)
Considers only paints for metal protection. Admits that the only reliable test is
that of actual service, but believes from experiment that a paint to afford thorough protection
must be water-resistant in a greater degree than those now available.
'Durability of paints. 2,600 w. 1906. (In Engineering, v.8i, p.90.)
Editorial discussion of experiments of Job and of service tests.
Gerber, E.
Painting of iron structures exposed to the weather. loi p. 1895.
(In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers v33'
p.485.)
With reference to best methods of rust prevention on inland structures. Describes
existing conditions, determined by inspection of more than 50 bridges; paints used; their
relative durability, and conclusions arrived at.
Discussion and correspondence.
Gill, Augustus H. & Foster, S. A.
Contributions to our knowledge of white lead and of its protecting
properties. 800 w. 1904. (In Technology quarterly, v.17, p.145.)
Record of experiments.
Gill, Augustus H. & Johnson, C. C.
Comparison of various tests applied to paints used for the protection
of iron. 1,200 w. 1903. (In Technology quarterly, v.l6, p.32.)

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 55
Goodall, Frank C.
Steatite as a pigment for anti-corrosive paint. 2,500 w. 1890. (In
Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, v.31, p.134.)
Discussion, 5,5oow.
Harrison, Arthur B.
Protective coatings for iron and steel. 2,700 w. 1906. (In Engineering
record, v.54, p.9.)
Classifies protective coatings as: (i) linseed oil paints; (2) varnish and enamel
paints; (3) carbon coatings that dry by evaporation. Favors a coating of a certain
mineral wax resembling ozokerite, covered by a specially prepared linseed-oil paint.
Hazelhurst, J. N.
Painting. 25 p. 1901. (In his Towers and tanks for waterworks,
p.172.)
Considers chemical and galvanic action upon metals, metal cleaning, and the application
of various coatings.
Heckel, George B.
Methods for protecting iron and steel against corrosion. 5,600 w.
111. 1908. (In Journal of the Franklin Institute, v.165, p.449.)
Appendix, 1,000 w.
Reviews recent (1908) work and gives suggestions concerning preservative paints.
Job, Robert.
Protection of structural work from rust. 900 w. 1906. (In American
manufacturer and iron world, v.78, p.38.)
Claims that the best quality of linseed-oil used with a fine and properly prepared
pigment will efficiently protect steel for six years or longer under any ordinary circumstances.
Job, Robert.
Results of an investigatipn of certain structural paints. 800 w. 1904.
(In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.4,
P.439.)
Discussion, 1,000 w.
Job, Robert.
Results of an investigation of the durability of paints for the protection
of structural work. 6,500 w. 111. 1904. (In Journal of the Franklin
Institute, v.158, p.i.)
Attributes permanence largely to fineness of pigment.
Koons, Charles.
Protection of iron and steel in car construction, also as applying to
building material. 2,000 w. 1902. (In Proceedings of the St. Louis
Railway Club, v.7, July 11, p.3.)
Attributes successful protection largely to proper cleaning before painting. Various
kinds of paint are discussed.
Lawrence, (W. W.) & Co.
Protective coatings for iron and steel. 15 p.
Pamphlet considering the causes of failure in paints and the qualities necessary in
a successful coating, with special reference to the products of the Lawrence Co.
Lilly, George W.
Painting and sand-blast cleaning of steel bridges and viaducts.
6,500 w. Dr. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, p.322.)
Lays stress on thorough cleaning. Calls attention to economy of sand blast and
efficiency of pneumatic painting machine. Describes plastering of a viaduct with a
composition of Portland cement, red lead and linseed-oil.

56 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Lilly, George W.
Sand blast cleaning of structural steel. 13,600 w. 111. 1903. (In
Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v.50, p.254.)
Experience in preparing some badly corroded structures for painting.
Discussion.
Lowe, Houston.
Factors that affect results in painting. 3,800 w. 1905. (In Proceedings
of the Engmeers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v.21, p.197.)
Discussion, 3,200 w.
The same, zuithout discussion. (In Iron trade review, v.38, p.44.)
Considers painting of structural work.
Lowe, Houston.
Hints on painting structural steel and notes on prominent paint materials.
Ed.4. 45 p. 1905.
McDonald, Hunter.
Painting railroad bridges. 1,400 w. 1900. (In Railroad gazette,
v.32, p.265.)
Briefly describes laboratory tests Of 20 different kinds of paint.
Mackenzie, William B.
Painting metal bridges. 3,800 w. 1897. (In Canadian engineer, v.5,
p.67.)
Considers corrosion, oil and pigments. Gives "record of twenty-four painted plates
exposed on a steel railroad bridge over an arm of the sea."
Methods of testing the protective power of paints used on metallic
structures. 700 w. 1906. (In American machinist, v.29, p.794.)
Concludes that durability of anti-rust preparations depends on quality of the linseedoil
used.
One thousand more paint questions answered. 614 p. 1908.
Compiled from the "Painters magazine."
"Painting iron and metal work," p.102-122. Discusses 44 separate topics under
these heads.
Paint as a preservative of iron from rust. 3,300 w. 1905. (In Engineer,
London, v.g5, p.509.)
Chemistry of various paints, giving preference to red lead or red oxid of iron paint.
Paints for iron. 1,200 w. 1899. (In Engineer, London, v.88, p.29.)
Experiments showing that the most desirable paints are those containing red lead or
orange lead.
Paints suited for engineering structures. 4,000 w. 1904. (In Engineer,
London, V.Q7, p.542; v.98, p.41.)
Discusses chemical composition and physical properties of various paints.
Parry, Ernest J. & Coste, J. H.
Chemistry of pigments. 280 p. 111. 1902.
Describes the uses and methods of application of pigments, the chemistry of the
processes of manufacture of the different varieties, methods of analysis, nature of
probable impurities, adulterations, etc., and gives analysis of genuine and sophisticated
pigments.
Perry, Robert S.
Protective coatings for iron and steel, with discussion. 30 p. 1909.
(In Paint ^lanufacturers Association, Scientific section. Bulletin no.13.)
Paper before American Chemical Society.

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 57
Perry, Robert S.
Protective coatings for structural metal. 19 p. 1909. (In Journal
of the Western Society of Engineers, v.14, p.399.)
With discussion.
Outlines the results of recent investigations and describes a simple accelerated test
for durability of protective coatings.
Practicability of establishing standard specifications for preservative
coatings for steel. 1,500 w. 1905. (In Proceedings of the American
Society for Testing Materials, v.5, p.426.)
Topical discussion.
Preservation of iron from rust. 4,000 w. 1898. (In Engineer, London,
V.85, p.27.)
Questions the efficacy of linseed-oil and pigments and recommends ^ "varnish" in
which the chief ingredient is pitch or asphalt.
Preservative paints for iron chemically considered. 4.000 w. 1899. (In
Engineering, v.67, P-238.)
Explains the chemical nature and reaction of a single red lead and red oxid of iron
paint. Argues strongly against glycerol as an ingredient on account of its hygroscopic
nature.
Prevention of rust in iron and steel structures. 1,100 w. 1896. (In
Scientific American, v.75, P-454-)
Editorial plea for greater care in painting, etc.
Protection of iron by paint. 2,600 w. 1897. (In Engineer, London,
v.84, p.389.)
Claims that rusting beneath paint is due not to admission of air through cracks in
the paint, but to the hygroscopic nature of the paint, which leads to swelling, porosity
and lack of adhesion.
Quest, W. O.
Best method of painting and maintaining steel cars. 2,100 w. 1903.
(In Railway age, v.36, p.332.)
Suggestions for improved methods and better materials.
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
2,000 w. 1903. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.3, p.47.)
Tentative report suggesting lines for further investigation.
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
30 p. 1904. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials,
v.4, p.137.)
Discussion, 12 p.
The same, condensed. 800 w. (In Iron and steel magazine, v.8, p.143.)
Compilation of individual opinions of members of the committee concerning best
methods of testing preservative coatings.
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
2,600 w. 1905. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.5, p.79.)
Discussion, 3,000 w.
Reports of sub-committees on standard methods of conducting field and service
tests, permeability and permanency of paint films, and preparation of iron and steel
surfaces for painting.
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
6,200 ,w. 1906. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.6, p.47.)
Discussion, 2,300 w.
Experiments begun with different paints on an exposed part of a new bridge of the
Pennsylvania Railroad.

58 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
1,500 w. 1907. (In Proceedings of the American Society for Testing
Materials, v.7, p.140.)
Describes carrying out of tests started in igo6, method of inspection of condition of
paints, etc.
Report of committee E on preservative coatings for iron and steel.
6,500 w. Folding pi. 1908. (In Proceedings of the American Society
for Testing Alaterials, v.8, p.165.)
Contains as appendixes detailed reports of results of analyses of bridge paints by
P. H. Walker and P. C. Mcllhiney.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Industrial and artistic technology of paint and varnish. 372 p. 111.
1905- Treats in non-technical language of paints and varnishes, their history, fabrication
and uses. Particularly valuable for chapters on rust prevention, and water-pipe coatings.
Contains but little chemistry.
Reviezv, 2,200 w. (In Engineering news, v.52, p.338.)
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Paints and varnishes. 5,500 w. 1900. (In Journal of the Association
of Engineering Societies, v.24, p.146.)
Considers paints and methods for iron protection.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Paints for the protection of iron work. 2,800 w. 111. 1898. (In
Engineering news, v.39, P.69.)
Shows importance of thorough cleaning of metal surfaces and of thorough drying
of one coat of paint before applying another.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Protection of metal work. 1,600 w. 1899. (In Engineering record,
v.39, p. 120.)
Insists on complete cleaning of metal and thorough drying of paint.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Technology of paint and varnish. 4,500 w. 1904. (In Cassier's
magazine, v.25, I>.330.)
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Theory and practice of painting on metal. 65 p. 111. 1905.
Sabin, Alvah Horton.
Theory and practice of protective coatings for structural metal.
8,000 w. 1900. (In Proceedings of the Engineers'Club of Philadelphia,
v.17, P.87.)
Experiments on metal plates painted with various preparations and immersed in
fresh and salt water.
Selby, O. E.
Painting the Louisville and Jeffersonville bridge. 12,000 w. Dr.
1898. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
v.39, p.ig.)
Methods, cost, etc.
Lengthy discussion and correspondence.
Simon, Edmund.
Ueber die entstehung des rostes unter der das eisen schiitzenden

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 59
Simon, Edmund—continued.
oelfarbendecke. 2,400 w. 1897. (In Dinglers polytechnisches journal,
V.305, p.285.)
Claims that paint is hygroscopic and permeable to moisture and gases. Abundance
of linseed-oil is desirable.
Smith, Harry,
Protective paints for iron. 4,800 w. 1899. (In Journal of the Society
of Chemical Industry, v.18, p.1093.)
Tests of a large number of paints, indicating red lead and similar pigments as the
best preservatives, followed by zinc white and white lead.
Smith, J. Cruikshank.
On the value of physical tests in the selection and testing of protective
coatings for iron and steel. 2,400 w. 1909. (In Iron and coal
trades review, v.78, p.729.)
The same. (In Mechanical engineer, v.23, p.646.)
The same, condensed. 1,100 w. (In Ironmonger, v.127, p.20.)
Paper before the Iron and Steel Institute.
Discusses tests that should be applied to the paint itself and tests of the uniformity,
strength, elasticity, permeability, etc. of the paint film.
Spennrath, I.
Protective coverings for iron. 40 p. Dr. 1895?
Gives results of many tests, chiefly on oil paints.
Standage, H. C.
Painting of iron and steel structures. 7,800 w. 1907. (In Painters
magazine, v.34, p.28, 70.)
Consideration of mechanical, physical and chemical properties necessary in successful
paints, and their application.
Standage, H. C.
Preservation of iron in building structures. 4,000 w. 1897. (In
Builder, v.73, p.200.) .
Detrimental effects of glycerol in paints.
Stebbings, W. L. & Condron, T. L.
Report upon the condition of the ironwork in the old United States
postoffice and custom house building in the city of Chicago. 1,200 w.
1897. (In Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, v.2, p.420.)
Committee report, calling attention to the durability of structural iron when properly
painted before erection.
Stem, L. M.
Rust prevention. 54 p. 111. 1907.
7/(1? same, condensed. 5,000 w. (In Iron age, v.8o, p.1466.)
The same, condensed. 2,200 w. (In Metal worker, v.68, Dec. 28, p.42.)
Considers severe conditions of exposure to which metal may be subjected and the
preservative paints most suitable.
Taylor, H. N.
About time to paint tin roofs; advice as to the proper pigments to
use and methods of application to prevent corrosion and decaj;, with
hints as to material to avoid. 900 w. 1909. (In Waterproofing and
fireproofing, v.3, March 1909, p. 16.)
Advocates painting tin on both sides and repainting in spring or fall every four or
five years. Condemns graphite paints. Gives specifications.

6o CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Tests of various paints on the 155th St. viaduct. New York city. 1,000 w.
Dr. 1898. (In Engineering news, v.40, p.14.)
Includes report by Henry B. Seaman.
Tests of various paints on the 155th St. viaduct. New York city. 1,000 w.
1902. (In Engineering news, v.48, p.164.)
Paints exposed to sulphurous fumes. Carbon paints most durable. Asphalt and
rubber compounds unsatisfactory.
Thompson, Gustave W.
Certain solubility tests on protective coatings. 1,500 w. 1908. (In
Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.8, p.6oi )
Experimental results indicate in general that the best protective coatings are those
which contain the lowest percentage of soluble substance.
Toch, Ma.ximilian.
Insulating paints. 2.500 w. 1905. (In Transactions of the American
Electrochemical Society, v.8, p.133)
Mainly an outline of necessary qualities and of suggestions for research.
Toch, Maximilian.
Protection of steel against corrosion. 3,000 w. 1908. (In Transactions
of the American Electrochemical Society, v.14, p.207.)
Discussion, 700 w.
Shows the weaknesses of mediums "for inhibiting corrosion of iron or steel in
transit" and emphasizes the necessity for insulating paint at contact-points of two pieces
of steel.
Todd, James.
Protective coatings for structural material. 800 w. 1909. (In Railroad
age gazette, v.46, p.ioi8.)
Letter on the use and preparation of linseed-oil as a protective coating.
Tolmer, .AI. L.
Preservation, maintenance and probable durability of rolling stock
with metal underframes and metal upperframes. 3,400 w. Dr. 1896.
(In American engineer, car builder and railroad jqurnal, v.70, p.171.)
Results of careful investigation by Eastern Railroad of France. Recommends
cleansing and painting of metal underframes every three years. Metal upperframes do
not greatly lengthen the life of the car. Machine riveting has great advantages over
hand riveting in rust prevention. Estimates useful life of cars at 50 to 60 years, depending
on type. Diagrams show extent of corrosion.
Toltz, Max.
Paint tests. 5,000 w. 1896. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.i8, p.351.)
Classifies paints. Outlines a method of iron and steel painting arrived at after
careful consideration.
Discussion.
See also v.ig, p. 175.
Value of white paints on engineering structures. 3,500 w. 1903. (In
Engineer, London, v.96, p.227.)
Explains lack of durability of white paint.
What is the best method of painting steel cars? 2,200 w. 1905. (In
Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials, v.5, p.436.)
Considers both new cars and repainting. Lays stress on painting immediately after
cleaning.
Whited, Willis.
Bridges. 5,500 w. 1906. (In Proceedings of the Engineers' Society
of Western Pennsylvania, v.22, p.141.)

METAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION 6t
Whited, W'iWis^confiniied.
The same, condensed. (In Railway and engineering review, v.46, p.631.)
Design and painting of bridges.
Discussion.
Wilgus, W. J.
Paint tests. 1,200 w. 1897. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.19, p.175.) ••
Discussion of paper by Max Tokz. Outlines methods for iron painting, considering
both new work and repainting.
Wood, Matthew P.
Protection of ferric structures. 63 p. 1901. (In Transactions of
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.22, p.757.)
Discusses both successful and unsuccessful examples.
Wood, Matthew P.
Rustless coatings for iron and steel. 40 p. 111. 1897. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, v.i8, p.251.)
Wood, Matthew P.
Rustless coatings for iron and steel; paints: of what composed, how
destroyed, classification as true pigments and inert substances, adulterants,
etc. 43 p. 1895. (In Transactions of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, v.16, p.663.)
Wright, J. D.
Best method of painting and maintaining steel cars. 1,700 w. 1903.
(In Railway age, v.36, p.331.)
Composition and application of paints.
Paper
Andes, Louis Edgar.
Anti-corrosive weatherproof paint containing paper. 200 w. 1900.
(In his Iron corrosion, anti-fouling and anti-corrosive paints, p.240.)
The same. (In his Der eisenrost, p.252.)
Process of Cross & Bevan by which cellulose paper is dissolved in caustic soda lye,
etc., producing a highly protective paint.
Barker, Louis H.
Protection of iron and steel structures; memoranda of eleven years'
tests of various paints. 1,000 w. 111. 1905. (In Proceedings of the
American Society for Testing Materials, v.5, p.43i-)
The same. (In Iron age, v.76, p.148.)
The same, condensed. 600 w. (In Engineering and mining journal,
V.80, p.252.)
The same, condensed. (In Railway and engineering review, v.45, p.6oi.)
Tabular results of paint tests, with remarks on the value of paraffin paper as a protective
covering.
Prevention de la rouille par le papier paraffine. 600 w. 1905. (In Le
Genie civil, v.47, p.364.)
Protecting steel structures. 1,500 w. 111. 1905. (In Railway age, v.39,
pt.l, p.394.)
Describes Barker's successful use of paraffin paper as a protecting material.

62 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Publications of the Library Now in Print
In the following list wherever two prices are given the first is that for which the
publication is sold at the Library only. All prices are strictly net except for indii-idital
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Classified Catalogue of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
FIRST SERIES, 1895-1902. 1907. 3 vol. 3,890 pp. $12.00.
SECOND SERIES, 1902-1906. 1908. 2 vol. 2,020 pp. $5.00.
Bound in English buckram with gilt toijs. Include full author and subject indexes.
The two series are arranged on the same general plan and comprise in five volumes
a complete catalogue of all the books in the Library from 189s to 1906 inclusive.
The same [in pamphlet form].
This edition, the parts of which were issued at low prices from time to time as
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demand was expected from any other source. Each part is encased in a stout manila
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title-pages, and each except part i of the first series has both a synopsis of
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FIRST SERIES, 1895-1902. 10 parts. 1903-07.
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE LIBRARY 63
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Metal Corrosion and Protection; References to Books and Magazine
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Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, July 1909.
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Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, November 1907.

64 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
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CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOKING
REFERENCES TO BOOKS AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, January ic>io
PITTSBURGH
CARNEGIE LIBRARY
1910

Electric Heating and Cooking
This list does not include all the material in the Library on electric
heating, but the lack of any existing bibliography on the subject has
made it seem desirable to arrange and print those references which
have been found by fairly thorough search from time to time at the
request of patrons of the Technology department. The references are
mainly to practical domestic applications of electricity, and no attention
has been given to electric welding, electric furnaces or the theory
of thermo-electricity. The list includes articles up to December i, 1909.
The following abbreviations have been used:
Diag ;. diagrams.
no. number.
Dr. drawings.
p. page.
Ed. edition.
pt. part.
111. illustrations.
V. volume.
n. d. no date.
w. words.
E. H. MCCLELLAND,
Technology Librarian.
Adams, Alton D.
Electric heating. 1,700 w. 1899. (In Scientific American, v.99, p.35.)
Considers the efficiency of the electric heater.
Adams, Alton D.
Possibilities of electric heat as limited by the cost of production.
1,200 w. 1900. (In Engineering news, v.44, p.131.)
Gives data to show that electric heating is not practicable for general use.
American School of Home Economics.
Electric cooking [and] Electric irons. 350 w. 111. 1908. (In Bulletin,
series 1, no.ii, p.17, 35.)
Brief descriptions of utensils, with statement of advantages.
Ayer, J. I.
Electric heating and the field it offers central stations. 20 p. 1904.
(In Proceedings of the National Electric Light Association, v.27, pt.i,
p. 140.)
Electricity for cooking can compete with gas and even with coal.
Ayer, J. I.
Electric heating and the residence customer. 4,500 w. 1906. (In
Proceedings of the National Electric Light Association, 1906, v.i, p.192.)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Electrical world, v.48, p.416.)
Especially concerned with the commercial introduction of electric heating and cooking
devices into the home.
Bainville, A.
Le chauffage electrique par les buches le Roy. 800 w. 111. 1899.
(In L'filectricien, v.31, p.ii3-)
Electric current passes through blocks of silicon.

4 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Bainville, A.
Le chauffage par I'electricite. 1,800 w. 1899. (In L'filectricien,
v.32, p.39-)
Description of apparatus in use.
Barr, W. J.
Electric heating. 800 w. 1907. (In Electrical world, v.49, p.34.)
Shows the recent remarkable development in the use of electric heating devices.
Bates, Putnam A.
Cooking by electricity. 2,500 w. 111. 1907. (In Electrical world,
v.49, P.3i.)
Outlines the advantages of electricity for cooking in particular cases, and illustrates
and describes briefly the electric grill in use at the Waldorf-Astoria hotel. New York.
Central-Station electric heating notes from Grinnell, la. 1,600 w. Diag.
ill. 1907. (In Electrical world, v.50, p.24.)
Statistics are given on the load conditions of the station and of costs of electric
cooking per month as reported by several customers.
Comparative cost of cooking with various fuels. 1,000 w. 1907. (In
Electrical magazine, v.8, p.306.)
Electricity compared with coal, gas and oil.
Cooper, W. R.
Domestic electricity supply (including heating and cooking) as affected
by tariffs. 22 p. 1908. (In Journal of the Institution of Electrical
Engineers, v.42, p.26.)
Discussion.
The same, condensed. 8,000 w. (In Electrician, London, v.62, p.259, 292.)
Advocates a charge for electric current that will encourage its use for heating and
cooking.
Cost of cooking by electricity. 400 w. 1907. (In Electrical magazine,
v.9, p.14.)
Reprint of letter from a customer of the Portland (Ore.) Railway Light and Power Co.
Cremer-Chape.
Uber elektrisches heizverfahren in der tuchfabrikation. 3,500 w. 111.
1908. (In Elektrotechnische zeitschrift, v.29, p.1220.)
Shows the advantages of electric heating in textile works in the saving of labor,
and the results obtained.
Custer, Levitt E.
Electric heat in dental practice. 1,000 w. 1896. (In Scientific American,
v.74, p.118.)
From the "Southern dental journal."
Shows advantages of electric heating, in its ease of control and its adaptability to
the different operations.
Dunlap, Orrin E.
Electric heating of Niagara falls power station. 900 w. 111. 1897.
(In Western electrician, v.20, p.199.)
Illustrated description of an interesting case of electric heating.
Electric cooking and heating. 900 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrical magazine,
V.IO, p.46.)
Illustrates and describes kitchen utensils of Rashleigh, Phipps & Co.
Electric cooking and heating apparatus. 5,600 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrician,
London, v.62, p.309.)
Description and illustrations of various cooking devices as supplied by British firms.

ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOKING s
Electric cooking and heating in hotels. 2,500 w. 111. 1907. (In Electrician,
London, v.59, P.548.)
Describes installations in two hotels in Switzerland, in which the power is obtained
from water turbines coupled to two generators.
Electric cooking record from a small family. 200 w. 1907. (In Electrical
world, v.50, p.655.)
Cost figures and energy consumption.
Electric heating. 2,8oow. 1907. (In Electrical magazine, v.9, p.i 18.)
Questions and answers as to the commercial progress of electric heating, as reported
at a convention of the Association of Edison Illuminating Companies.
Electric heating and cooking at Grinnell, Iowa. 400 w. 1909. (In Electrical
world, v.53, P.274.)
Enumeration of devices in use in a town where there is no gas competition.
Electric heating and lighting in the Carnegie residence. New York.
2.500 w. Dr. 1902. (In Engineering record, v.46, p.590.)
Electric heating at Biltmore, N. C.; heating water and laundry equipment
by electricity at the estate of George W. Vanderbilt. 2,000 w. 111.
1908. (In Metal worker, v.69, March 7, p.37.)
Electric heating by alternating currents. 3,000 w. Dr. 1908. (In Electrical
engineering, London, v.3, p.235.)
Slightly abridged form of an interesting British patent.
Electric, heating devices. 700 w. Dr. igo8. (In Electrical world, v.52,
P.50.)
Description of sad-iron, bonbon kettle and glue pot, recently patented by W. S.
Hadaway, jr.
Electric heating in a Carmelite hospice. 1,100 w. 111. 1899. (In Scientific
American, v.8i, p.91.)
Describes the kitchen arrangements for electric cooking. Power is received from
the Canadian Niagara Power Co.
Electricity for frozen water pipes. 800 w. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.39, p.297.)
Editorial describing method of thawing used in Madison, Wis. and in Milwaukee.
See also editorial, p.321.
Experience in thawing water pipes by electricity. 1,200 w. 1904. (In
Engineering news, v.51, p.251.)
Results from different cities, particularly from Newark, N. J. and Ottawa, Canada.
Experiences with electric cooking. 5,000 w. 111. 1907. (In Electrical
world, v.49, p.432.)
Records of consumption and cost of current for one month, kept at his home by
J. R. Cravath. Brief description of utensils and arrangements, and summary of advantages
and difficulties.
Experiences with electric heating at Sault Ste. Marie. 700 w. 1908. (In
Electrical world, v.52, p.684.)
Abstract of paper by Chandler and South before the Michigan Electrical Association,
showing extent of the use of electrically heated devices.
Feiker, F. M.
Wiring plans for heating devices. 3,000 w. Dr. ill. 1907. (In Electrical
review. New York, v.50, p.877.)
Reviews National Electric Code rules for the installation of electric heating devices
and describes the wiring of a specific house.

6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Fries, J. E.
Kryptol. 900 w. 111. 1906. (In Electrical world, v.48, p.i 167.)
.\ new material capable of wide application, which, introduced as resistance in an
electric circuit, serves to transform electric energy into heat.
G., P.
Le chauffage electrique. 1,500 w. 111. 1908. (In La Nature, v.70,
p.358.)
Considers the advance of electric heating devices and describes their operation.
General Electric Company.
Electric heating and cooking devices for marine use. 400 w. 20 ill.
1907. (In Bulletin no.4523.)
Gives list of appliances for circuits of 105 to 125 volts and 200 to 250 volts.
General Electric Company.
Electrically heated household appliances. 30 p. 111. n. d. (In
Folder no.3658.)
Gibson, Charles R.
Electric heating and cooking. 13 p. 1907. (In his Electricity of today,
p.98.)
Hadaway, W. S. jr.
Electric heating. 14 p. 1909. (In Proceedings of the American Institute
of Electrical Engineers, v.28, p.157-)
Discussion, 14 p.
Careful study of the adaptability and efficiency of electric heating.
Haley, George S.
Electrical method of thawing water pipes. 2,800 w. 8 ill. 1904. (In
Western electrician, v.35, p.502.)
The same. (In Canadian engineer, v.12, p.8o.)
Very complete paper, with data as to power and time required. Diagrams of connections.
Hand-tool heater for bookbinders. 200 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrical
world, v.51, p.614.)
Illustrates heater made by the Hadaway Electrical Heating and Engineering Co.
Hart, E. J.
Novel application of electric heat. 600 w. 1900. (In Electrical
world, v.35, P.397.)
Method to be tried at Marquette, Mich, for melting the ''needle ice'' formed at the
entrance to the intake pipe.
Hillman, H. W.
Electricity in the home. 3,000 w. 11 ill. 1906. (In Cassier's magazine,
V.31, p.2S.)
Author is (1906) in charge of the electric heating department of the General Electric
Company at Schenectady, N. Y. Describes electric equipment of his own residence.
Hillman, H. W.
Progress in electric heating. 1,000 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrical
world, V.51, p.722.)
Explains the installation of 27 electric luminous radiators in a hotel in Grand
Rapids, Mich.

ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOKING 7
Hillman, H. W.
Progress in electric heating. 1,500 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrical
world, v.52, p.903.)
Describes electric oven and electric cooker used at Grand Rapids.
Hoho, Paul.
Hydro-electrothermic heating. 4,000 w. 1895. (In Electrical world,
v.26, p.620.)
Theory and operation of different systems for electric heating, with special attention
to specific industrial applications.
Houston, Edwin J.
Electric heating. 45 p. 111. 1905. (In his Electricity in every-day
life, v.3, p.477.)
Considers the causes and mechanism of electric heating and describes various forms
of electric heaters, kitchen utensils, etc.
Houston, Edwin J. & Kennelly, A. E.
Electric heating. 290 p. 111. 1905.
Clear elementary description of mechanism and arrangement of electric heaters for
cars, offices and homes, and of electric cooking appliances.
Instantaneous water heater at St. Louis. 1,200 w. 111. 1908. (In Electrical
world, v.51, p.200.)
New type of electric water-heater, in which the current is passed directly through
the water from one electrode to the other.
Introducing electric heating devices. 800 w. 1908. (In Electrical
world, v.52, p.4So.)
Abstract of paper by H. A. Mott before the Michigan Electric Association, describing
methods used in developing new territory.
Jackson, John Price.
Economy and utility of electrical cooking apparatus. 2,500 w. 1897.
(In Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
V.14, p.481.)
The same. (In Electrical world, v.30, p. 122.)
Author's experiments tend to show greater cost in cooking by electricity but
greater convenience and many marked advantages.
Knowlton, H. S.
Extending the uses of electricity; its applications to domestic service.
1,200 w. 13111. 1906. (In Cassier's magazine, v.30, p.99.)
Includes various devices for heating and cooking.
Krejza, W.
Uber das elektrische heizen und kochen. 6,500 w. 111. 1904. (In
Zeitschrift fiir elektrotechnik, v.22, p.340, 3S8.)
Describes heaters, stoves and kitchen utensils put out by different manufacturers,
considers their advantages and heat efficiency.
Lauri, A.
Elektrische raumheizung. 1,800 w. 111. 1907. (In Elektrotechnische
zeitschrift, v.28, p.271.)
Considers possibility of making installations in order to bring up the day load at
the central station. Construction of ovens that will retain their heat is taken up.
Maver, William, jr.
Thawing out frozen water pipes electrically. 3,000 w. 111. 1904.
(In Cassier's magazine, v.27, p.25.)
Considers methods and advantages.

8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Montpellier, J. A.
Appareils de chauffage par I'electricite, systeme Parvillee. i,ioo w.
111. 1899. (In L'filectricien, v.31, p.81.)
Descrijition of cooking devices in which the electric conductor is a metal-ceramic
compound.
Montpellier, J. A.
Les appareils electriques de cuisine. 1,200 w. 111. 1907. (In L'filectricien,
v.47, P.i34)
Illustrated description of the more common utensils used in electric cooking.
Montpellier, J. A.
Les applications de I'energie electrique a la cuisine. 3,000 w. 1907.
(In L'filectricien, v.47, P-99)
Considers advantages of electricity for heating and cooking.
Montpellier, J. A.
Calorifacteur electrique, systeme Ougrimoff. 1,200 w. 111. 1900.
(In L'filectricien, v.34, P.i77-)
An electric water-heater in which the water is heated by an electric arc.
National Electric Light Association.
Proceedings at annual convention, ist-date. 1886-date.
These volumes, especially the later ones, contain many questions and brief notes
with a few reports and longer papers on pipe-thawing, heating and cooking. Later volumes
are indexed.
New electrical devices, fittings and plant. 2,500 w. 111. 1906. (In
Electrical review, London, v.59, P-738.)
Describes apparatus of the Phoenix Electric Heating Co.
New fittings and accessories for electric lighting and heating. 22 p.
1906. (In Electrical review, London, v.59, p.617.)
Describes some of the recent pieces of apparatus of British companies.
Onken, William Henry, & Baker, J. B.
Electric heating and cooking appliances. 1,000 w. I ill. 1908. (In
Harper's How to understand electrical work, p.103.)
Perisse, R.
Le chauffage et la ventilation par I'electricite. 12 p. Dr. ill. 1908.
(In Bulletin de la Societe d'encouragement pour I'industrie nationale,
v.iio, pt.l, p.677.)
" General review of methods and appliances.
Porter, E. Y. & Warner, C. D.
Incandescent lamps vs. commercial heaters. 1,500 w. Diag. 1897.
(In Electrical engineer. New York, v.23, p.89.)
Comparison of heating effects.
Position of the electrical heating industry in this country. 4,400 w.
1899. (In Electrical review, London, v.4S, p.954, 1001.)
Shows the common applications of electric heating in England and the possibilities
of their development.
Possibilities of electric heating. 600 w. 1907. (In Electrical world,
v.50, p.609.)
Abstract of paper by Charles E. Waddell before the Engineering Society of the
Carolinas.
General use of electric heating not considered feasible, its field being more in semidomestic
service.

ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOKING 9
Practical application of electric heating. 1,400 w. 111. 1897. (In American
electrician, v.9, p.463.)
Shows the general use of electrically heated appliances in the straw-hat factories of
Wm. Carroll & Co., Matteawan, N. Y.
Present status of electric heating. 1,800 w. 111. 1897. (In Street railway
journal, v.13, P-554-)
Describes car heaters made by different firms. Illustrated.
Puchta, Edward.
Electric heating. 1,800 w. Dr. 1896. (In Electrical engineer. New
York, V.21, p.677.)
Abstract of paper before the Chicago Electrical Association.
Special attention to arrangement and operation of car heaters.
Recent advances in electrical heating and cooking. 2,000 w. Diag. 1908.
(In Electrical engineer, London, v.48, p.226.)
From "Gesundheits-Ingenieur."
Special consideration of kryptol heaters and of the Prometheus system of heaters,
with reference to energy consumption and cost comparisons.
Report on electric heating devices. 2,200 w. 1907. (In Electrical world,
V.SO, p.439.)
Report by Mathias E. Turner to the Ohio Electric Light Association, giving suggestions
as to choice and use of electric heating devices.
Ritter, R. B.
Appareils thermiques pour courants alternatifs. 1,500 w. Dr. 1899.
(In L'filectricien, v.31, p.33.)
Describes new heating apparatus of the Alioth Electric Co. of Bale, Switzerland.
Roberts, J.
Commercial electric heating. 6,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the Institution
of Electrical Engineers, v.42, p.362.)
Discussion.
The same, condensed. (In Electrician, London, v.62, p.261.)
Suggests marked changes in the methods of distribution of electric current and in
the charges.
Sellon, John Scudamore.
Electrical stove. 1,000 w. 111. 1885. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.20, p.8193.)
Early form of electric heater invented by the author.
Simplex Conduits, Limited.
Electric radiators. 48 p. 111. 1909. (In Catalogue, nth annual edition,
section H. p.197-244.)
Simplex Conduits, Limited.
Simplex electric heating and cooking appliances. 22 p. 111. 1909.
(In Catalogue, nth annual edition, section C. p.165-196.)
Illustrated price list of nearly lOO articles.
Simplex Electric Heating Co.
Electric heating. 120 p. 111. 1908. (In Catalogue no.is.)
Some aspects of electrical heating. 1,000 w. 1906. (In Engineering
record, v.S4, p.393.)
Editorial suggestions concerning the policy of central stations.

10 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Some experiments on electric cooking. 300 w. 1909. (In Electrical
world, v.53, p.50.)
Tests to determine the monthly energy consumption where electric cooking was
an auxiliary to other methods.
Stauffer, H. E.
Electric heater. 1,600 w. 111. 1897. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.43, P.17778.)
Description of forms of heaters in use, and their applications.
Talbot, J. E.
Heat from electricity. 2,000 w. 1896. (In Electrical review. New
York, v.28, p. 106, 128.)
Especial attention to the energy efficiency of electric heating, its cost, and improvements
in the conductors used.
Thawing frozen service pipes by electricity. 2,000 w. 111. 1904. (In
Metal worker, v.6i, March 12, p.29.)
Shows the application of this method, with plans for wiring.
Thawing frozen water pipes by electricity. 1,600 w. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.39, p.565.)
Abstract of paper by John B. Heim before the American Water-works Association.
Describes successful method used in Madison and other cities in Wisconsin.
Use of electric heat in the manufacture of hats. 1,400 w. 111. 1897. (In
Electrical world, v.30, p.i 15.)
Description of plant and electrically heated appliances of Budish & Yudizky, Newark,
N. J.
Waddell, Charles E.
Electrical heating plant of the Biltmore estate. 2,000 w. 111. 1907.
(In Electrical world, v.50, p.650.)
Description of plant, in which the cost of operation by electricity alone was less
than previous operation by steam and electricity.
Waddell, Charles E.
Notes on the electric heating plant of the Biltmore estate. 15 p.
Diag. ill. 1908. (In Proceedings of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers, v.27, P-II97.)
Discussion, 400 w., p.1567.
Walsh, George E.
Electric heating and cooking. 3,700 w. 1905. (In Architects' and
builders' magazine, v.6, P.S13.)
Considers the increasing uses of electric heating on ship-board, in hotels, laundries
and kitchens.
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company.
Electric ironing. 9 p. 111. 1908. (In Folder no.4103.)
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company.
Westinghouse electric goose or tailors' iron. 8 p. 111. 1908. (In
Folder no.4104.)
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company.
Westinghouse electric sad iron. 6 p. 111. 1909. (In Folder no.4098.)

ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOKING ii
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company.
Westinghouse pipe-thawing apparatus. 9 p. 111. 1907. (In Folder
no.4051.)
Westinghouse electric brake and heater. 1,200 w. 111. 1901. (In. Railroad
gazette, v.33, P.449.)
Car heater.
White, Marian.
Electricity. 500 w. 1909. (In her Fuels of the household, p.93.)
Gives briefly some of the advantages of electricity for cooking.
Wood, C. D.
Call for current in electric heating. 1,500 w. 1907. (In Electrical
world, v.49, P.459.)
Brief consideration of six uses of electric current for heating.
Wood, C. D.
Electric heating without special concessions from the central station.
2,600 w. 111. 1907. (In Report of the National Electric Light Association,
1907, V.I, p.299.)
The same, condensed. 2,600 w. (In Electrical world, v.50, p.28.)
Describes electric heating devices for many uses, as introduced by the New York
Edison Co.

12 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Publications of the Library Now in Print
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE LIBRARY 13
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14 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
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CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
TECHNICAL INDEXES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
APPEARING SERIALLY
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, June 19lo
PITTSBURGH
CARNEGIE LIBRARY
1910

Contents
Page
Anthropology, Ornithology, Zoology, Etc. S
Botany, Agriculture, Etc. 6
Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chemical Technology 6
General Science 8
General Technology, Engineering, Construction, Etc. 9
Geology, Mining and Metallurgy 13
Public Health, Etc. 14

List of'Technical Indexes and Bibliographies
Appearing Serially
This list is not intended to be complete. It is intended merely as
a guide to the more important indexes and bibliographies of current
technical literature which appear from time to time in the journals now
regularly received at this Library. Only a rough classification has been
attempted, and titles are not entered under more than one subject.
Nearly all the serials at least mention new books; those marked * contain
reviews of more or less value. Prices given are probably not
accurate in all cases; the American price is given when obtainable.
E. H. MCCLELLAND,
Technology Librarian.
Anthropology, Ornithology, Zoology, Etc.
American anthropologist; quarterly. $4.
"Periodical literature."
Lists a large amount of literature, giving brief, accurate resume of each article.
Arranged first geographically by continents, second alphabetically by authors.
*Auk; a quarterly journal of ornithology. $3.
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*Ibis; quarterly. $8.
"Notices of recent ornithological publications."
Long abstracts of reports and contents of magazines, with some reviews of new
books. Annual index refers to abstracts merely by name of magazine.
*Internationales archiv fiir ethnographic.
"Revue bibliographique;" bimonthly. $5.
Indexes contents of journals and transactions, theses, etc. Classified geographically
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in French. Journal titles so abbreviated as to cause some inconvenience.
Ornithologische monatsberichte; monthly. 6 marks.
"Schriftenschau.''
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Royal Microscopical Society. Journal; bimonthly. 37 s. 6 d.
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"Bibliography of Canadian botany."
"Bibliography of Canadian entomology.''
"Bibliography of Canadian zoology, exclusive of entomology."
Each section includes literature for the preceding year. Arranged by authors.
Descriptive notes. Literature indexed includes papers and monographs by Canadian
authors even though not strictly relating to Canada.

6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Zoologischer anzeiger; semimonthly. $15(?)
"Bibliographia zoologica.'' »
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Botany, Agriculture, Etc.
See also Anthropology, Ornithology, Zoology, Etc.
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"Current literature."
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"Periodical literature."
An index, with many English abstracts from foreign and American journals. Both
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Torrey Botanical Club. Bulletin; monthly. $3.
"Index to American botanical literature."
"Aim...is to include all current botanical literature written by Americans, published
in America, or based on American material, the word America being used in its
broadest sense.'*
Arranged alphabetically by authors. Occasional brief notes. Reprinted monthly
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Excellent abstracts of the periodical chemical literature of the world. Includes
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well chosen heads. Author index in each number; author index and excellent subject
index annually.
*Chemical engineer; monthly. $2.
"Index of articles on applied chemistry."
Indexes about 75 journals, approximately one-third being foreign. Selects only
articles of interest to the chemical engineer. Gives descriptive or evaluative note on
each article. Titles of articles in foreign languages are translated. Printed on pages
backed by advertisements to allow of clipping for card index.
*Chemical, Metallurgical and Mining Society of South Africa. Journal;
monthly. 35 shillings.
"Notices and abstracts of articles and papers."
.•\bstracts of good length. Classed under chemistry, metallurgy, and mining.

TECHNICAL INDEXES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 7
Chemical Society (London). Journal; monthly. £2.
"Abstracts of chemical papers published in British and foreign
journals."
Forms two volumes, with a total of about 2,500 pages annually. Covers organic,
physical, inorganic, mineralogical, physiological, agricultural and analytical chemistry.
Contents and author index in each number. Complete indexes of authors and subjects
annually.
•Chemiker zeitung; triweekly. 28 marks.
"Chemisch-technisch repertorium; beilage zur Chemiker-zeitung,
iibersicht iiber das gesamtgebiet der reinen und angewandte chemie."
Index, with many abstracts, sometimes illustrated. Arranged in 33 classes. Annual
author and subject index indicates illustrated articles and patent specifications.
*Chemische revue iiber die fett- und harz-industrie; monthly. 12 marks.
"Berichte."
Abstracts in German of articles on analytical and technical chemistry of oils, fats,
waxes, etc.
Chemisches zentralblatt; vollstandiges repertorium fiir alle zweige der
reinen und angewandten chemie; monthly. 80 marks.
Signed abstracts in German of the world's periodical chemical literature, including
German patents. Classified by important divisions of chemistry. References to earlier
abstracts of same nature. More than 4,000 pages annually. Author index in each
number. Author and subject index quarterly.
*Elektrochemische zeitschrift; monthly. 18.40 marks.
"Referate."
"Buecher- und zeitschriften-uebersicht."
Under these two headings are given a number of abstracts, some of considerable
length.
Jahresbericht iiber die leistungen der chemischen technologie, mit
besonderer berucksichtigung der elektrochemie und gewerbestatistik;
annual. 2v. 15 marks each.
Abstracts contents of about 200 journals. Organic and inorganic in separate volumes.
Classified arrangement, with author and subject indexes.
*Revue generale de chimie pure et appliquee; semimonthly. 45 francs.
"Repertoire general de chimie pure et appHquee." 20 francs.
A supplement with brief classified abstracts. About 600 pages annually. Annual
indexes to authors and subjects.
Societe chimique de Belgique. Bulletin; monthly.
"Revue des travaux beiges."
Brief abstracts, with decimal classification. Length of original article is indicated.
Societe chimique de France. Bulletin; semimonthly. 38 francs.
"Analyse des travaux etrangers."
Abstracts of varying length, some quite extended. Covers contents of approximately
40 journals, including French ones. These abstracts form about 2,000 pages annually.
They are paged separately, but indexed in the general author and subject indexes to the
"Bulletin," published annually.
•Society of Chemical Industry. Journal; fortnightly. 36 shillings.
"Journal and patent literature."
Illustrated abstracts, well classified. Annual index to authors and subjects. About
50 pages each issue.
•Society of Dyers and Colourists. Journal; monthly. 21 shillings.
"Abstracts from English and foreign journals and patents."
Lengthy illustrated abstracts. Classified.

8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Van Nostrand's chemical annual. $2.50.
"Review of chemical literature."
Classified under the important divisions of chemistry. Arrangement under these
divisions varies, being sometimes by author, sometimes by title, sometimes by subject.
""Western chemist and metallurgist; monthly. $7.50.
"Abstracts."
Lengthy abstracts of a few selected articles on incfustrial chemistry.
•Zeitschrift fiir analytische chemie; monthly. 18 marks.
"Bericht iiber die fortschritte der analytischen chemie.''
Good abstracts in German. Illustrated where necessary. Reference to original
journal in foot-notes.
•Zeitschrift fiir angewandte chemie und zentralblatt fiir technische
chemie; weekly. 30 marks.
"Referate."
Abstracts in German of important literature in several languages. Includes patents
of various countries. Frequent illustrations. Indexed by authors and subjects annually.
•Zeitschrift fiir das gesamte brauwesen; weekly. 20 marks.
"Aus der wissenschaftlichen literatur."
Comprehensive abstracts of a few selected articles.
•Zeitschrift fiir das gesamte schiess- und spreng-stoffwesen; semimonthly.
26 marks.
"Referate."
Abstracts. Lengthy but few in number.
•Zeitschrift fur untersuchung der nahrungs- und genussmittel, sowie
der gebrauchsgegenstande; semimonthly. 48 marks.
"Referate."
Lengthy abstracts in German of journal articles and reports in several languages.
Classified roughly as flesh-foods, sugar, non-intoxicating beverages, etc.
General Science
•Ameriean journal of science; monthly. $6.
"Scientific intelligence.''
Book reviews and abstracts of periodical literature and federal and state publications.
Classified as chemistry, geology and miscellaneous.
Annalen der physik; 15 numbers annually. 45 marks.
"Beiblatter zu den Annalen der physik;" monthly. 24 marks.
Abstracts, classified under the various branches of physics. Monthly and annual
author indexes and classified tables of contents. About 1,500 pages annually.
L'Annee scientifique et industrielle; annual. 3.50 francs.
^ Reviews the year's progress, giving many references to periodicals, but does not consist
enti.ely of abstracts. Covers astronomy, physics, chemistry, natural history, biology,
agriculture, industrial arts, public works, geography and geodesy. About 500 pages
annually. j »- o
International catalogue of scientific literature; annual. $85.
Has appeared since 1901 in 17 annual volumes, each dealing with a separate branch
of science. Indexes scientific literature in all languages, giving a condensed digest.
Ihe number of journals indexed forms a list of 243-I-68 octavo pages. Volumes are
arranged first as author catalogues and second as subject catalogues. Obtainable in
separate volumes at varying prices and may be had printed one side.

TECHNICAL INDEXES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 9
*Neueste erfindungen und erfahrungen auf dem gebiete der praktischen
technik, elektrotechnik, der gewerbe, Industrie, chemie, der land,
und hauswirtschaft; 13 issues annually. 7.50 marks.
"Kleinere mitteilungen; Journal-auslese."
Fair abstracts of a few selected articles, giving name of journal but usually neither
page, date, nor author. Annual subject index.
*Revue generale des sciences; semimonthly. 30 francs.
"Sommaires des journaux scientifiques."
Supplement, with separate paging. Classes journals in groups dealing with the
various branches of science. Prints table of contents of each journal, giving authors
and titles. Not indexed.
Science abstracts; monthly, $9.
Issued by the Institution of Electrical Engineers assisted by the Physical Society
of London, The American Physical Society, The American Institute of Electrical Engineers
and the Associazione Elettrotecnica Italiana.
"Section A. Physics." $4.50.
Includes general physics, light, heat, electricity and magnetism, chemical physics
and electrochemistry.
"Section B. Electrical engineering." $4.50.
Includes steam plant, gas and oil engines, industrial electrochemistry, general electrical
engineering, materials, generators, motors, transformers, electrical distribution,
traction and lighting, telegraphy and telephony.
Abstracts are excellent, sometimes illustrated, and have frequent references to
earlier abstracts of similar nature. Annual index by authors, subjects, and names of
power plants.
General Technology, Engineering, Construction, Etc.
See also Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Chemical Technology
American Institute of Architects. Quarterly bulletin. $1.
"Index of literature from the publications of architectural societies
and periodicals on architecture and allied subjects which are sent in
exchange to the institute.''
Alphabetical arrangement by subjects, with cross-references. Indicates length of
article and nature of illustrations. Comparatively few references in foreign languages.
•American Society of Civil Engineers. Proceedings; monthly. $8 (less
25 per cent, to libraries).
"Monthly list of recent engineering articles of interest."
Classifies under the main branches of engineering the contents of about loo
periodicals, one-fifth of which are in French and German, Titles only are given.
Illustrations are noted, but neither length nor value of article is indicated. Journals
are referred to by a system of numbers instead of by name, thus making reference
more difficult. Printed one side. Not included in the annual volumes of "Transactions."
*Annales des ponts et chaussees, partie technique; bimonthly. 36 francs.
"Compte rendu des periodiques.''
Lengthy illustrated abstracts in French of selected articles in French, German,
English, Italian, Dutch and Swedish. About 50 pages each issue.
*Beton und eisen; 16 issues annually. 20 marks.
"Zeitschriftenschau."
References giving length of article, and occasional descriptive notes. Mentions
illustrations.

10 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
•Concrete engineering; monthly. $i.
"Digest of current concrete and cement literature."
Lengthy abstracts, frequently illustrated, but few in number.
•Electrical world; weekly. $3.
"Digest of current electrical literature; abstracts of the important
articles appearing in the electrical periodical press of the world."
Good abstracts, frequently several hundred words in length. Foreign articles abstracted
in English.
•Elektrotechnische zeitschrift; weekly. 20 marks.
"Kleinere mitteilungen."
German abstracts of literature in several languages. Classified. Numerous illustrations
and diagrams. Annual subject and author indexes.
•Engineering-contracting; weekly. $2.
"Engineering-contracting monthly review index of civil engineering
literature."
Classified monthly index to articles in over 100 journals, nearly all in English.
"The literature indexed and reviewed—with the exception of books—relates solely
to civil engineering.. .Choice of articles is based on merit. Numerical strength in 'titles
indexed' is not sought."
Chief value is in excellence of the notes, amounting to brief abstracts of the articles.
Includes several civil engineering journals not indexed elsewhere. "Engineeringcontracting"
is the only journal dealing regularly with costs of engineering work.
•Engineering magazine; monthly. $3.
"Engineering index."
Also published separately in a card-indexing edition printed one side. Covers
regularly the contents of about 200 journals, mainly English, French and German.
Gives length of article and a descriptive note. Indicates illustrations. Classified under
civil, electrical, mechanical, marine and naval, and railway engineering, mining and
metallurgy, industrial economy, street and electric railways. Yearly cumulation published
as the "Engineering index annual," with same arrangement as the monthly numbers.
Some cross-references but no index. Obtainable in annual volumes, 1906-date,
and in four larger volumes with better arrangement for 1884-1905. The material for
1884-1895 appeared originally in "Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies."
•Engineering review (London); monthly. 9 shillings.
"Industrial engineering press."
List of more important papers in journals and society transactions. Includes only
articles in English. Gives complete title of the journal containing the reference.
•Le GSnie civil; weekly. 45 francs.
"Revue des principales publications techniques."
Classified abridgments of magazine articles on all branches of engineering and
technology. Abstracts usually several hundred words in length.
•Illuminating engineer; monthly. $2.
"Proceedings of technical societies."
"Review of the technical press."
Reviews of books and an index with many abstracts of journal articles on illumination
and photometry, electric lighting, gas, oil and acetylene lighting. Best index available
on these subjects.
•Industrial engineering and the engineering digest; monthly. $2.
"Technical press index."
Indexes contents of 130 American and 74 foreign journals. Gives length of article
and number of illustrations, and where necessary a brief descriptive note.
Cumulation Jan. 1908-June 1909. Arrangement similar to that of the "Engineering
index." Classified under 12 general heads. One of its most valuable features is a
subject index.

TECHNICAL INDEXES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES ii
Institution of Civil Engineers. Minutes of proceedings; quarterly.
$3.75 a volume (?).
"Abstracts of papers in scientific transactions and periodicals."
Each quarterly volume contains nearly 100 pages of excellent abstracts covering
general engineering. Index to authors and subjects in each volume.
Institution of Mining Engineers; numbers irregular, forming semiannual
volumes. £1, 16 shillings a volume.
"Notes of papers on the working of mines, metallurgy, etc., from
the transactions of colonial and foreign societies and colonial and
foreign publications."
Titles in original language and long abstracts in English. Length of article and
number and nature of illustrations indicated. Practically all the publications abstracted
(about 25) are in foreign languages. Some are but little known and not easily accessible,
hence these lengthy abstracts are especially valuable. Indexed by subjects and
authors.
•International Railway Congress Association. Bulletin (English edition)
; monthly. $6.
"Monthly bibliography of railways."
"I. Bibliography of books."
"II. Bibliography of periodicals."
Printed one side for card indexing. Lists separately literature in each language,
using original language, except Russian, which is translated into French. Each reference
is numbered according to Belgian extension of Dewey decimal classification, but
the arrangement of references is first by language, second by name of journal, without
regard to decimal classification numbers. Gives length of article in words, number
and nature of illustrations, and both date and page of journal referred to.
•Journal fiir gasbeleuchtung und verwandte beleuchtungswesen, sowie
fiir wasserversorgung; weekly. 20 marks.
"Literatur."
German abstracts of a few articles selected from journals in various languages.
Brought out in annual index which has separate name, place and subject indexes under
both lighting and water-supply.
•Municipal journal and engineer; weekly. $3.
"Municipal index; in which are listed and classified by subjects all
articles treating of municipal topics which have appeared during the
past month in the leading periodicals."
Appears in second issue of each month. Classified under a few broad subjects.
Gives author, length of article, and an explanatory note when title is not sufficiently
indicative of nature or scope of article. Includes some books and many municipal and
health board reports not indexed elsewhere. Translates titles of the few foreign articles
included.
•Organ fiir die fortschritte des eisenbahnwesens in technischer beziehung;
semimonthly. 36 marks.
"Bericht iiber die fortschritte des eisenbahnwesens."
Lengthy abstracts, with some illustrations. Classified.
•Revue de mecanique; monthly. 40 francs.
"Litterature des periodiques et brevets."
Very fully illustrated abstracts, devoted largely to patents.
•Societe des ingenieurs civils de France. Resume de quinzaine.
"Comptes rendus."
Takes up separately the current issue of several important periodicals usually abstracting
fully the leading articles in French journals, but merely translating table of
contents of German periodicals. Gives author and complete title. Annual table of
contents merely gives pages on which "Comptes rendus" will be found.

12 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Society of Railway Club Secretaries.
"Index of papers and subjects discussed by railway clubs;'' annual.
Free.
Separate chronologically arranged tables of contents of the proceedings of ten
clubs in the United States and Canada. Gives author and full title. Part of the material
in this list is not included in any other index.
Stone & Webster.
"Current literature references on public utilities, etc.; construction,
operation, finance;" annual. Free.
Classified annual cumulation of "Special lists" issued by the Stone & Webster
library about three times a week. Arranged in 99 classes with subclasses. Entries
abridged and titles of journals abbreviated. Supplied with an index and a key to the
classification. About 150 pages a volume.
Technical index; a descriptive record of current technical literature;
monthly. Ordinary edition, $2.50; card-indexing edition, $4.
Indexes contents of about 200 periodicals, mainly on engineering. Gives length of
article, number of illustrations and descriptive note. Titles are always given in English
and in French, and German titles are also given in the original. Classified according
to extension of Dewey decimal system. Contains alphabetical index to classification.
About 1,000 references a month. Published since April 1903.
Technische auskunft; semimonthly. 80 marks.
Published by the International Institut fiir Technobibliographie. Reduced subscription
rates to members. In six sections, which may be obtained separately. A
record of recent technical literature, including books, memoirs, theses, patents and the
contents of 1,000 journals. Gives length of article and explanatory note (French and
English articles annotated in original language, all others in German). Classified.
Annual cumulation, "Fortschritte der technik," takes place of "Repertorium der technischen
journal-literatur," 1823-1908.
•Verein Deutscher Ingenieure. Zeitschrift; weekly. 40 marks.
"Zeitschriftenschau."
Brief abstracts with classification somewhat similar to that of "Engineering index."
Notes illustrations and length of article. About 60 journals are indexed. Not referred
to in indexes to the semiannual volumes.
•Verein fur die Forderung des Lokal und Strassenbahnwesens. Mitteilungen.
24 kroner.
"Zeitschriftenschau."
Index, with some lengthy abstracts of articles, mainly those in German journals.
Arranged alphabetically by name of journal.
•Werkstattstechnik; monthly. 15 marks.
"Zeitschriftenschau."
Classified index, with brief explanatory notes and designation of illustrated articles.
Indexes about 30 journals.
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company.
"Index to publications in force and not in force;" irregular. Free.
Loose leaf index revised at frequent intervals. The "Index to publications in
force" (March i, igio, 52 pages) is arranged both alphabetically by subjects and numerically
by serial number of publication; the "Index to publications not in force" (February
28, 1910, 16 pages) is merely a numerical list of publications canceled, superseded,
or temporarily out of stock. The publications of this firm are so voluminous as to
form a fairly good reference library of electrical engineering practice. The two indexes
give a complete record of all matter printed for general distribution.
•Zeitschrift fiir instrumentenkunde; organ fiir mitteilungen aus dem
gesamten gebiete der wissenschaftlichen technik; monthly. 20
marks.
"Referate."
Abstracts in German of selected articles in various languages. Few in number but
long and well illustrated.

TECHNICAL INDEXES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 13
Geology, Mining and Metallurgy
•Economic geology; semiquarterly. $3.
"Recent literature on economic geology."
Usually appears in each issue. Mainly abstracts of articles in American and
foreign journals, but includes also comments on books and publications of various
geological surveys.
Engineering and mining journal; weekly. $5.
"Mining index; a classified bibliography of the current literature of
mining and metallurgy."
Authors, titles, length of article and occasional brief notes.
•Geologisches zentralblatt; anzeiger fiir geologic, petrographie, paleontologie
und verwandte wissenschaften; semimonthly. $8.is(?)
Articles in French, German and English are usually (not always) abstracted in the
original language. Articles in other foreign languages usually abstracted in German.
Abstracts are numbered (1,871 during 1909). Classified table of contents, giving titles
in various languages. Author index refers to abstracts by number.
Iron and Steel Institute. Journal; semiannual. £1, 12 shillings.
"Notes on the progress of the home and foreign iron and steel industries."
Abstracts in English covering current literature of the world on the ferrous metals.
Forms^ a total of more than 400 pages annually. Abstracts conveniently classified and
fully indexed by authors and subjects. Each volume contains a bibliography (unannotated)
of the principal books on ferrous metallurgy during the half year. The
complete set of the "Journal" forms the best existing reference work on metallurgy of
iron and steel.
•Journal of geology; semiquarterly. $3.
"Reviews."
Comprehensive reviews of books, pamphlets, government publications and periodical
literature.
•Metallurgical and chemical engineering; monthly. $2.
"Synopsis of metallurgical and chemical literature."
Lengthy and well prepared abstracts of selected articles. This journal is an incorporation
of "Electrochemical and metallurgical industry" and "Iron and steel magazine"
and gives considerable attention to electrochemistry and to metallurgy of the
ferrous metals.
Mineral industry; annual. $5.
Descriptive and statistical review of year's progress. Arranged alphabetically by
names of minerals. Contains numerous bibliographies.
•Mining magazine; monthly. 16 shillings.
"Precis of technology."
"Current literature."
Under the first heading are given lengthy abstracts, and under the second briefer
notes on literature of the technical press, especially as related to mining and economic
geology. Titles are judiciously selected but few iij number, less than 50 in each issue.
•Mining science; weekly. $3.
"Current articles from the technical press."
Brief abstracts of selected articles on geology, mining and metallurgy. Length of
article is given. Entries are few, less than 20 weekly, and titles of journals so abbreviated
as to be unintelligible to many readers. Chief value is in timeliness.
•Stahl und eisen; weekly. 30 marks.
"Zeitschriftenschau."
Quarterly review of the contents of about no journals in several languages. Classified.
Titles translated and abstracts written in German. Some abstracts of good length
and a few are illustrated. Illustrated articles indicated and length of original paper
given approximately. Indexed by authors and subjects semiannually.

14 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
United States—Geological survey. Bulletin. Free.
"Bibliography of North American geology;" annual.
One bulletin each year (1901-date) is devoted to this bibliography.
See bulletins 203 (1901), 221 (1902), 240 (1903), 271 (1904), 301 (1901-1905,
cumulation), 372 (1906-1907), 409 (1908). Arranged alphabetically by authors, with
subject index. Volume for 1908 indexes over 150 serials, including publications of
various geological surveys, and several foreign journals. Includes 1,215^ references,
giving length of article, number and nature of illustrations, and brief descriptive note.
Public Health, Etc.
•American journal of nursing; monthly, $2.
"Notes from the medical press."
A few abstracts and long list of current articles of interest to nurses.
American journal of public hygiene; quarterly. $1.50.
[Notes.]
Abstracts of periodical literature and reports on public health and sanitation. Arranged
under half a dozen headings, such as "Sanitary engineering notes," "Biological
laboratory notes."
•Annales des falsifications; monthly. 22.50 francs.
"Index bibliographique; extraits des publications frangaises et
etrangeres."
Classified abstracts, usually 100 to 500 words in length. Approximate length of
original article is indicated.
"Repertoire des travaux publics sur la composition, I'analyse et les
falsifications des denrees alimentaires pendant I'annee."
Supplement, with separate pagination. Published in several sections throughout the
year, the whole forming a resume of the literature for the second year preceding date
of publication. Gives approximate length of original paper, with occasional notes or
brief abstracts. Classified and numbered, about 1,000 references a year. Complete
table of contents annually; also author index, referring to entries by number.
Index medicus; monthly. $8.
"Monthly classified record of the current medical literature of the
world."
Gives full titles of books, pamphlets, theses, contributions to cooperative works and
original articles in journals, transactions of medical and scientific societies, etc., arranged
under subject headings. Titles in certain languages as Russian, Polish, Swedish,
Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Bohemian, Roumanian and Japanese, are translated into
English. A table of contents accompanies each number and an "Annual index of subjects"
is issued. The subject part of this annual is elaborately subdivided, the classification
closely resembling that of the Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon
General's Office, U. S. Army.

Publications of the Library Now in Print
In the following list wherever two prices are given the first is that for which the
publication is joWat the Library only. All prices are strictly net except for individual
publications ordered in lots of twenty or of one hundred. Remittances should be made
payable to the order of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
Classified Catalogue of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh.
FIRST SERIES, 1895-1902. 1907. 3 vol. 3,890 pp. $12.00.
SECOND SERIES, 1902-1906. 1908. 2 vol. 2,020 pp. $5.00.
Bound in English buckram with gilt tops. Include full author and subject indexes.
The two series are arranged on the same general plan and comprise in five volumes
a complete catalogue of all the books in the Library from 1895 to 1906 inclusive.
The same [in pamphlet form].
The parts of this edition were issued at low prices primarily for use in the city
which supports the Library. Little demand was expected from any other source. Each
part contains an author index; all except parts 1-3 of the first series have individual
title-pages, and each except part i of the first series has both a synopsis of classification
and a prefatory explanation.
FIRST SERIES, 1895-1902. 10 parts. 1903-07.
Part I. General Works. 1907. 67 pp, 10 cents, postpaid.
Part 2. Philosophy and Religion. 1903. 223 pp. ^o cents; postpaid, 15 cents.
Part 3. Sociology and Philology. 1904. 340 pp. 15 cents; postpaid, 25 cents.
Part 4. Natural Science and Useful Arts. 1904. 598 pp. 35 cents; postpaid, 50 cents.
Parts. Fine Arts. 1905. 351 pp. 15 cents; postpaid, 25 cents.
Part 6. Literature. 1905. 308 pp. 15 cents; postpaid, 25 cents.
Part 7. Fiction. 1906. 446 pp. 25 cents; postpaid, 40 cents.
Parts. History and Travel. 1907. 691 pp. 50 cents; postpaid, 65 cents.
Part 9. Biography. 1907. 381 pp. 20 cents; postpaid, 30 cents.
Part 10. Indexes, Title-pages, Contents, Preface and Synopsis of Classification.
1907. 842 pp. $1.00; postpaid, $1.20.
SECOND SERIES, 1902-1906. parts 2-5. 1907-08.
Part 2. Natural Science, Useful Arts and Fine Arts. 1907' 477 PP- 45 cents;
postpaid, 60 cents.
Part 3. Literature, English Fiction and Fiction in Foreign Languages. 1908. 342. pp.
40 cents; postpaid, 50 cents.
Part 4. History and Travel, Collected Biography and Individual Biography. 1908.
465 pp. 45 cents; postpaid, 60 cents.
Part s. Indexes, Title-pages, Contents, Preface and Synopsis of Classification.
1908. 460 pp. 80 cents; postpaid, 95 cents.
Monthly Bulletin. (Not published in August and September.) 25
cents a year, postpaid. Free at the Library.
Annual Reports, ist-i4th. 1897-1910. Free.
Except the 3d and 6th, which are out of print.
Circular of Information Concerning the Training School for Childrens
Librarians, 5th-ioth Year. 1905-1910. Free.
No circular was issued for the 8th year, 1908-1909.
Periodicals and Other Serials Currently Received by the Carnegie
Library of Pittsburgh. Fifth edition, 1908. 33 PP- 5 cents, postpaid.
Lives and Letters; a Selected and Annotated List. 1910. 36 pp. 10
cents, postpaid.
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, March 1910.
Gift of the German Emperor [List of Books, Maps and Photographs].
1908. 17 pp.
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, April 1908.

i6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Letters of General Forbes; Reprint of 35 Letters Relating to the
Expedition against Fort Duquesne. 63 pp. 20 cents, postpaid.
In the Monthly Bulletin, February, March, April, May, 1909. Not issued in separate
form.
Index to Subject Catalogue of the Technology Department. 1909.
SO pp. 10 cents, postpaid.
Index to Proceedings of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania,
Volumes 1 to 20, 1880-1904. Compiled by Harrison W. Craver.
1906. 144 pp. $1.00, postpaid.
Catalogue of Books in the Childrens Department of the Carnegie
Library of Pittsburgh. 1909. 604pp. 75 cents; postpaid, $1.00.
Catalogue of Books, Aimotated and Arranged, and Provided by the
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh for the Use of the First Eight Grades
in the Pittsburgh Schools. 1907. 331 pp. 35 cents; postpaid, 50 cents.
An enlargement and thorough revision of the lists prepared for the first eight school
grades, originally published in the "Graded and Annotated Catalogue of Books...for the
Use of the City Schools," now out of print. The other lists contained in that catalogue
are undergoing revision.
Annotated Catalogue of Books Used in the Home Libraries and
Reading Clubs. 1905. no pp. 20 cents; postpaid, 25 cents.
Gifts for Children's Book Shelves; a List for Mothers. 1908. 32 pp.
5 cents, postpaid.
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, November 1908.
Reference Lists
These lists have been compiled to render easily accessible the material in this Library
on the various subjects.
Publications marked * either have not been issued separately or are out of print as
separates. Copies of the Monthly Bulletin in which they appeared will be sent postpaid
for 5 cents each.
•Expeditions of Colonel Bouquet to the Ohio Country, 1763 and 1764.
II pp. 5 cents, postpaid.
In the Monthly Bulletin, December 1909.
Expedition of General Forbes against Fort Duquesne. 1908. 20 pp.
5 cents, postpaid.
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, June 1908.
* Washington's Visits to Pittsburgh and the Ohio Country. 15 pp.
5 cents, postpaid.
In the Monthly Bulletin, February igoS.
•Braddock's Expedition. 11 pp. S cents, postpaid.
In the Monthly Bulletin, November 1906.
*The Whiskey Insurrection. 9 pp. 5 cents, postpaid.
In the Monthly Bulletin, July 1906.
Contemporary Biography. 1903. 171 pp. 20 cents; postpaid, 25
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PUBLICATIONS OF THE LIBRARY 17
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CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT
REFERENCES TO BOOKS AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES
Reprinted from the Monthly Bulletin, November 1910
PITTSBURGH
CARNEGIE LIBRARY
1910

Contents
Page
Introduction - 4
General and theoretical 5
Books - - 5
Other references 8
Treatment by special methods 37
Broad irrigation 37
General - 37
Individual farms 40
Chemical precipitation only 43
General 43
Individual plants 47
Disinfection, including electrolytic methods 51
Filtration, with or without preliminary treatment 54
Through contact beds 54
General 54
Individual plants 59
Through intermittent filters 64
General 64
Individual plants 69
Through continuous, percolating, sprinkling or trickling filters 77
General 77
Individual plants 80
Sedimentation only 84
Septic tank treatment only - 86
General - - 86
Individual plants 89

Introduction
Several former bibliographies issued by this Library have dealt
with various problems of municipal and sanitary engineering, such as
"Smoke prevention," "Refuse and garbage disposal," "Floods and flood
protection" and "Metal corrosion and protection" (including electrolytic
corrosion of gas and water pipes).
The following list covers a subject of considerable present importance
throughout the country, and of especial interest to municipalities
in Pennsylvania. With the exception of patents it contains
all useful literature in this Library on the disposal of sewage from
water-carriage systems, except disposal by dilution only, that is
direct discharge into streams or the sea without preliminary treatment.
It does not include sewage analysis, stream pollution or design of
sewers and sewerage systems. Articles are classified according to the
most prominent features of the systems described, and are entered
under the author's name, with the single exception that the numerous
reports issued by the Massachusetts state board of health have been
entered under that heading instead of under names of the individual
authors and investigators. The list, which has been compiled by Mr
W. C. Holmes of the Technology Department, is complete up to November
I, 1910. Special attention has been given to explanatory notes.
A further source of information on devices for sewage purification
will be found in the extensive patent collection of the Technology
Department.
In the titles of books and articles uniformity in spelling has not
been attempted, the spelling of the original having been followed in
each case.
The following abbreviations have been used:
diag. diagrams. p. page or pages,
dr. drawings. pi. plate,
ed. edition. pt. part,
ill. illustrations. v. volume,
no. number. w. words.
E. H. MCCLELLAND,
Technology Librarian.

Sewage Disposal and Treatment
General and Theoretical
Books
Ainge, Thomas S.
Disposal of sewage in unsewered localities. i6 p. 1908. (In his
Sanitary sewerage of buildings, p.174.)
Considers briefly broad irrigation and describes plant for septic tank treatment of
sewage, followed by filtration.
Baker, M. N.
British sewage works and notes on the sewage farms of Paris and
on two German works. 146 p. 1904.
Summary of practice, describing a number of sewage works in actual operation, and
emphasizing the features of interest to engineers engaged in such work.
Baker, M. M.
[Sewage purification.] 50p. 1896. (In his Sewerage and sewage
purification, p.9S.)
Summary of methods in use in 1896.
Barwise, Sidney.
Purification of sewage; being a brief account of the scientific principl-es
of sewage purification and their practical application. 220 p. 111.
1904.
From a biological and chemical point of view.
Baumeister, R.
Purification of sewage. 52 p. 111. 1895. (In his Cleaning and
sewerage of cities, pt.2.)
Includes chapters on chemical precipitation and precipitation tanks, filtration, irrigation,
costs, etc.
Bergey, D. H.
Removal and disposal of sewage. 26 p. 111. 1904. (In his Principles
of hygiene, ed.2, p.157.)
Brief readable summary of modern methods.
Boulnois, H. Percy.
Sewage disposal. 9 p. 1898. (In his Municipal and sanitary engineers'
handbook, ed.3, p.330.)
Brown, G. P.
Drainage channel and waterway; a history of the effort to secure an
effective and harmless method for the disposal of the sewage of the
city of Chicago, and to create a navigable channel between Lake Michigan
and the Mississippi river. 480 p. 111. 1894.
Corfield, W. H.
Treatment and utilisation of sewage. Ed.3. Sup- 1887.
About half of the book is devoted to water-carriage systems of sewage disposal, by
precipitation, filtration and broad irrigation.

6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Cosgrove, J. J.
ftistory of sanitation. 124 p. 111. 1909.
Contains references to the historic development of sewage disposal.
Cosgrove, J. J.
Sewage purification and disposal. 222 p. 111. 1909.
Covers the whole field, giving but brief treatment to each branch of the subject
Denton, E. Bailey.
Sewage purification brought up to date, 1896. 44 p. Dr. 1896.
Describes methods in use (1896) in various towns in England.
Dibdin, William J.
Purification of sewage and water. Ed.3. 379 P- HI- I903-
Consideration of British practice (1903) in the bacterial treatment of sewage.
Author has done much pioneer work with bacteria or contact beds.
Dunbar.
Principles of sewage treatment. 271 p. 111. 1908.
Bibliography, p. 15-19.
Comprehensive, critical review, giving prominence to scientific principles involved
rather than to features of engineering construction.
Easdale, W. C.
Practical management of sewage disposal works; a handbook for
those in charge. 56 p. 1909.
Not a technical treatise but a guide to maintenance based on such operations as have
been sanctioned by extensive experience.
Easdale, W. C.
Sewage disposal works; their design and construction. 300 p. 150 ill.
1910.
Folwell, A. Prescott.
Sewage disposal. 34 p. i diag. 6 dr. 4 ill. 1910. (In his Sewerage,
ed.6, P.3S9-)
Good general treatment of sewage disposal demands and methods as applied in
American practice.
"It may be said that Mr. Folwell's 'Sewerage' as it now stands is the only single
volume work in which all phases of sewerage design, construction and maintenance, as
well as sewage treatment, are treated, and that in addition the volume deserves commendation
as a comprehensive survey of the whole field indicated, brought within reasonably
small compass." Engineering news, 1910.
Gerhard, William Paul.
Disposal of household wastes. 195 p. 1890.
Describes methods for removing sewage from country houses, institutions, and
houses in villages and cities.
Gerhard, William Paul.
Sanitation of public buildings. 262 p. 1907.
Gives a little information on the disposal of sewage.
Gerhard, William Paul.
Sewage disposal of country houses. 112 p. 111. 1909. (In his Sanitation,
water supply, and sewage disposal of country houses, p.217.)
Gives the sanitary principles that should be followed in the disposal of sewage of
isolated houses.
Gillette, Halbert P.
[Cost of sewage disposal.] 7 p. 1910. (In his Handbook of cost
data for contractors and engineers, ed.2, p.936.)
Data from about ten cities on the cost of plants purifying by different methods.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 7
Haefcke, Hermann.
Stadtische und fabrik-abwasser; ihre natur, schadlichkeit und
reinigung. 469 p. 111. 1901.
"Literatur-verzeichniss," pref., p. 13-16.
Concise summary of present (1901) practice in sewage disposal.
Harcourt, Leveson Francis Vernon-.
Sewage disposal. 112 p. 111. 1907. (In his Sanitary engineering
with respect to water-supply and sewage disposal, pt.2.)
General treatment of land disposal and bacterial methods.
International Correspondence Schools.
Sewage disposal. 30 p. 111. 1905. (In International Hbrary of
technology, v.72: House [sanitation, plumbing, section 48.)
International Correspondence Schools.
Sewage purification and disposal. 64 p. 111. 1907. (In International
library of technology, v.98: Water supply, sewerage, section 92.)
Review of methods in use (1907).
Jones, Alfred Stowell, & Roechling, H. A.
Natural and artificial sewage treatment. 96 p. 1902.
Compares land treatment of sewage with disposal by bacterial processes, considering
especially advantages of land treatment.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker, and others.
Sewage disposal. 436 p. 111. 1910.
"References," p.411—421.
Has special reference to American conditions and to the most recent practice. Includes
rather full discussion of chemical and bacteriological principles involved, as well
as of the important engineering aspects of disposal works already designed. By authorities
of long and active experience. The most exhaustive work on the subject.
McCullough, Ernest.
Sewerage. 19 p. 1906. (In his Engineering work in towns and small
cities, p.79.)
Brief review of methods of disposal.
Merriman, Mansfield.
Disposal of sewage. 35 p. 1906. (In his Elements of sanitary engineering,
ed.3, p.i8o.)
Good description of methods in use and principles underlying them.
Moore, E. C. S.
Sewage disposal. 218 p. 111. 1909. (In his Sanitary engineering,
ed.3, v.2, p.s66.)
Especial attention to patented methods and devices. Describes a number of the
British sewage purification plants.
New York (city)—Metropolitan sewerage commission.
Sewerage and sewage disposal in the metropolitan district of New
York and New Jersey. 550 p. 111. 1910.
Considers especially sewerage systems of the metropolitan district and the present
pollution of New York harbor. Very brief summary of possible disposal systems.
Newman, George.
Bacteriology of sewage and the bacterial treatment of sewage. 17 p.
2 dr. gill. 1904. (In his Bacteriology and the public health, ed.3, p.151.)
Parkes, Louis C. & Kenwood, H. R.
Disposal of sewage. 32 p. 1907. (In their Hygiene and public
health, ed.3, p.128.)
Reviews methods in best use.

8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Rafter, George W. & Baker, M. N.
Sewage disposal in the United States. Ed.3. 598 p. 111. 1900.
Especially full in its account of experimental work, and descriptions of sewage
works in operation in the United States.
Raikes, Hugh P.
Design, construction and maintenance of sewage disposal works.
414 p. 111. 1908.
Based on British practice. Little attention paid to chemical and bacteriological
features, but very complete on details of construction and operation.
Rideal, Samuel.
Sewage and the bacterial purification of sewage. 267 p. 1900.
Robinson, Henry.
Sewerage and sewage disposal. 192 p. 1896.
Aims to summarize experiments and practices actually carried out.
Sedgwick, William T.
On sewage as a vehicle of disease, its proper disposal and purification,
the natural purification by fermentation and the living earth.
42 p. 1902. (In his Principles of sanitary science and the public health,
P-I23)
Reviews methods briefly, especially that of intermittent filtration.
Staley, Cady, & Pierson, G. S.
Sewage disposal. 28 p. 1899. (In their Separate system of sewerage,
its theory and construction, ed.3, P-296.)
Considers especially filtration of sewage and advantages of broad irrigation.
Venable, William Mayo.
Methods and devices for bacterial treatment of sewage. 236 p. 111.
1908.
"Sources of information about sewage purification," p. 10-19.
Bacteriological principles briefly treated. Engineering features include both actual
installations and suggested designs.
Waring, George E. jr.
Disposal of sewage. 19 p. 1876. (In his Sanitary drainage of houses
and towns, ed.ii, p.314.)
Brief description of irrigation practice.
Waring, George E. jr.
Modern methods of sewage disposal. Ed.2. 253 p. 111. 1896.
Wood, Francis.
Sewage disposal. 55 p. 111. 1901. (In his Sanitary engineering, p.181.)
Contains three chapters on history ^nd methods of disposal of sewage and on sludge
disposal.
Other References
Abbott, A. C.
Utilization of bacteria and bacteriologic methods in sanitary engineering.
6,800 w. 1900. (In Proceedings of the Engineers' Club of
Philadelphia, v.17, P-47-)
Bacterial action in connection with the purification of sewage in the filtration and
septic tank methods.
Advance in sewage disposal. 12,000 w. 1906. (In Transactions of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, v.57, P-9I-)
Informal discussion, opened by G. C. Whipple. Discusses different steps of sewage
purification and varieties of methods in use.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 9
Allen, Charles A.
Sewage disposal. 6,500 w. 1888. (In Transactions of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, v.i8, p.8.)
Discussion, ii,ooow.
Discusses plants observed in England and on the continent, chiefly chemical precipitation
and broad irrigation works.
Alvord, John W.
Proper operation of sewage purification plants. 3,500 w. 1902. (In
Engineering news, v.48, p.459.)
Suggestions for operation of septic tanks, contact beds and intermittent filters,
with notes on plants built by the author.
Alvord, John W.
Sewage purification plants. 6,600 w. 19 dr. 14 ill. 1902. (In Journal
of the Western Society of Engineers, v.7, p.113.)
Discusses principles and control mainly of septic tanks and contact beds, with cost
comparisons.
Amyot, John A.
Nature of sewage and its proper disposal. 5,000 w. 1906. (In Proceedings
of the Conference of Sanitary Officers of the State of New
York, v.6, p.113.)
Describes briefly preliminary and final methods of treatment.
Annual reports of the state sewerage commissions of Connecticut and
New Jersey. 2,700 w. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.4S, p.229.)
Conclusions of the commissions regarding methods of disposal, with editorial comment.
Archibald, Douglas.
Comparison of chemical and septic tank systems as preludes to artificial
filtration. 3,600 w. 1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute,
v.24, P-330.)
Considers advantages from points of view of removal of sludge, clogging, chemical
purification and cost.
Arnold, C. M.
Sewage disposal and purification. 2,500 w. 1909. (In Canadian engineer,
V.16, p.689.)
The same. (In Bulletin of the League of American Municipalities,
V.IO, p.301.)
Touches briefly on present-day practice and tendencies.
Bacterial treatment of London sewage and American sewage disposal
problems. 1,800 w. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.45, P-6s.)
Editorial review of conclusions of London commission and their application to
American conditions.
Bacterial treatment of sewage. 2,000 w. 1898. (In Engineering, v.66,
P749)
Editorial consideration of merits of septic tanks at Exeter and bactyia beds at
Sutton, England.
Baker, M. N.
Bird's-eye view of some 25 British sewage works. 3,000 w. 1904.
(In Engineering news, v.51, p.442.)
Baker, M. N.
Notes on sewage purification and public water supplies. 2,000 w.

10 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Baker, M. N.—continued.
1906. (In Proceedings of the American Water Works Association,
v.26, p.51.)
Discussion.
General discussion of methods and aims in sewage purification, giving concise explanations
of methods in use and references to books. ^
Baker, M. N.
Recent visit to 24 British sewage works. 9,000 w. 1904. (In Journal
of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.33, P-336.)
Discusses prevailing practice (1904) and ideas on sewage disposal in England, and
briefly outlines methods in use at the plants visited.
Baker, M. N.
Sewage treatment in Great Britain and some comparisons with practice
in the United States. 2,500 w. 1904- (In Engineering news, v.52,
p.310.)
Consists of introduction to author's book, "British sewage works."
Barbour, F. A.
Work of the Royal sewage commission in sewage disposal in Eng­
land. 4,200 w. 1909. (In Proceedings of the Indiana Engineering So­
ciety, v.29, p. 185.)
Barwise, Sidney.
Purification of sewage. 4,500 w. 1898. (In Journal of the Sanitary
Institute, v.l8, p.545.)
Discussion, p.576.
Considers stages in the purification of sewage and the efficiency of different
methods. Where little land is available, chemical precipitation with "alumino-ferric,"
with subsequent filtration on beds of stone or coal of carefully selected size, seems to
the author most advisable.
Bechmann, M.
Sewage disposal in France. 4,000 w. 1904. (In Transactions of the
American Society of Civil Engineers, v.54, pt-5, P.i95-)
Review of ten years' progress, discussing the advance in disposal by broad irrigation,
biological processes, and chemical and mechanical processes.
Bezault, B.
L'epuration biologique intensive des eaux d'egout; sa comparaison
avec le procede de I'epandage. 8,500 w. 1908. (In Bulletin de la Societe
d'encouragement pour I'industrie nationale, v.iio, pt.i, p.23.)
Replies to paper by Vincey and defends biological treatment as against broad irrigation.
Bezault, B.
fipuration des eaux d'egout et des eaux industrielles. 10,000 w. 13 dr.
4 ill. 1906. (In Bulletin de la Societe d'encouragement pour I'industrie
nationale, v. 108, p.506.)
Reviews bacterial methods of sewage disposal, with reference to English and French
installations, especially to the author's experimental plant at Clichy-sur-Seine.
Bezault,'B.
fipuration des eaux d'egout par le procede biologique intensif; sa
comparaison avec I'epandage. 12,000 w. 16 dr. 1908. (In Memoires
et compte rendu des travaux de la Societe des ingenieurs civils de
France, 1908, pt.2, p. 1035.)
Favors bacteriological methods of purification rather than broad irrigation. Gives
information concerning practice in England, Germany and America.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATAIENT ii
Birch, R. W. Peregrine
Examination of some recent experiments on sewage treatment made
by Mr W. J. Dibdin, F. C. S., the Metropolitan board of works. 1,400 w.
1 diag. 1887. (In Engineering news, v. 18, p.200.)
Paper before Society of Municipal Engineers and Surveyors.
Chiefly on interpretation of chemical analyses of sewage.
British view of the bacterial treatment of sewage. 1,200 w. 1903. (In
Engineering news, v.SO, p.375.)
Abstract of paper by Samuel Rideal at International Congress of Hygiene, Brussels.
Favors use of preliminary anaerobic treatment, followed by treatment on percolating
filters with continuous aeration. Questions economy and efficiency of contact beds.
Bund, J. W. Willis-.
Suggested standard for effluents from sewage works. 1,600 w.
1889. (In Transactions of the Sanitary Institute, v.io, p.277.)
Considers subject from the point of view of effect on fish life.
Buxton, B. H.
Bacterial purification of sewage. 3,300 w. 1902. (In Engineering
record, v.45, p.387)
Extracts from paper in "Philadelphia medical journal."
Outlines successive steps in bacterial decomposition and purification, and briefly
describes methods.
Campbell, K. F.
Experimental treatment of sewage containing trade waste at Huddersfield
[England]. 6,000 w. i diag. 1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary
Institute, v.24, p.497.)
Experiments with sewage containing a high percentage of woolen waste with septic
tanks and chemical precipitation, and contact beds and trickling filters.
Cannon, H. Lemmoin-.
Some features of the fifth report of the Royal Commission on Sewage
Disposal. 1,300 w. 1909. (In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute,
v.30, p.58.)
Reviews conclusions of report, especially regarding preliminary treatment of sewage.
Cannon, H. Lemmoin-.
Work of the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. 4,000 w. 1909.
(In Builder, London, v.97, P-3II-)
Reviews briefly some of the conclusions, giving summary of commission's observations
on different methods.
Chicago—Sanitary district, Board of trustees of.
Report of streams examination, chemie and bacteriologic, of the
waters between Lake Michigan at Chicago and the Mississippi river at
St. Louis for the purpose of determining their condition and quality
before and after the opening of the drainage channel. [280 p.] 34 diag.
2 maps. 1902.
Purpose of the Chicago drainage channel is primarily the diversion of Chicago
sewage from Lake Michigan into the Illinois river, and ultimately the improvement of
navigation between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi. This report deals with selfpurification
of the Illinois river and concludes that "the sewage disposal problem of
Chicago has been satisfactorily and scientifically solved."
Clark, H. W.
Bacterial purification of sewage. 4.400 w. 1899. (In Public health,
v.25, P-I87-)
Discussion, p.500.
Discusses action of bacteria in sewage purification and conditions favorable to them.

12 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Clark, H. W.
Massachusetts experiments on the purification of fresh, stale and
septic sewage. 5,800 w. 1898. (In Engineering news, v.40, p.75.)
Records recent (1898) work on bacterial methods of purification.
Clark, H. W.
Some data in regard to the comparative disposition of organic
matter by sand, contact and sprinkling filters. 4,500 w. 1906. (In Pub-
He health, v.32, pt.2, p.i54-)
The same. (In Engineering news, v.S7, p.607.)
The same, condensed. 3,500 w. (In Municipal journal and engineer,
v.23, p. 188.)
Data obtained from experiments at the Lawrence Experiment Station.
Clark, H. W.
Some observations of methods, cost and results of sewage purification
abroad. 9,000 w. I diag. 22 ill. 1908. (In Journal of the Association
of Engineering Societies, v.41, p.231.)
Discussion, v.41, p.2s8; v.42, p.49. 6,000 w.
The same, condensed. 2,500w. (In Engineering record, v.59, P-I37)
The same, condensed. 2,700 w. (In Municipal journal and engineer,
v.26, p.125.)
Discusses British practice in sewage disposal as observed by author at many disposal
plants, especially as it differed from American practice. Sewage farming, septic tanks,
contact filters and sprinkling filters were observed.
Clark, H. W. & Gage, S. DeM.
Functions of various types of bacteria in the purification of sewage,
with some methods for their quantitative determination. 6,500 w. 1905.
(In Engineering news, v.53, P.27.)
Discussion of the processes of putrefaction, nitrification and oxidation, and denitrification,
showing action and power of bacteria in producing ammonia from organic
matter, reducing nitrates, liberating nitrogen, etc.
Clowes, Frank.
Bacterial treatment of sewage. 3,000w. gill. 1900. (In Nature,
v.62, p. 128.)
Discusses bacterial purification, giving illustrations of bacteria found in sewage.
Clowes, Frank.
Treatment of London sewage. 3,600 w. 1900. (In Journal of the
Society of Arts, v.49, p.45.)
Discussion, 3,500 w.
Reviews history of disposal of London sewage and gives conclusions concerning the
possibilities of bacterial treatment.
Collins, Clark P.
Sewage problem popularly stated; the battle of the microbes. 4,000 w.
1909. (In Scientific American supplement, v.67, p.126.)
Brief outline of methods in use.
Colloids in sewage purification. 1,000 w. 1908. (In Municipal journal
and engineer, v.25, P.I7-)
Shows influence of colloids on sewage purification and part played by surface action
in the filters.
Committee report on sewage disposal in the United States. 8,500 w.
1909. (In Engineering-contracting, v.32, p,292.)
Portion of report for a committee of Trenton, N. J. Describes plants visited, including
chemical precipitation plants at Providence, R. I. and Worcester, Mass., intermittent

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 13
Committee report on sewage disposal in the U. S.—continued.
sand-filtration plants at Worcester, Brockton, Mass. and Saratoga, N. Y., septic tanks
and contact beds at Ballston Spa, N. Y., and percolating filters at Reading, Pa.
Connecticut sewerage commission on methods of sewage disposal.
2,500 w. 1901. (In Engineering record, v.43, P-274.)
Summary of 2d annual report, which gives conclusions on methods of disposal in use.
Construction of the Baltimore sewage disposal works. 5,000 w. 17 dr.
4 ill. 1909. (In Engineering record, v.60, p.545, 580.)
Deals especially with concrete and cement work, as used in the construction of
filter beds, tanks, etc.
Cooper, C. H.
Notes on sewage treatment. 2,000 w. 1892. (In Transactions of
the Sanitary Institute, v.13, P-204.)
Discusses purification by natural irrigation and filtration methods and by chemical
precipitation.
Corfield, W. H.
Present state of the sewage question. 4,500 w. 1881. (In Transactions
of the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, v.3, p.70.)
Brief notice of disposal by intermittent filtration and by broad irrigation.
Cox, Arthur J.
Notes on sewage disposal in Europe. 5,000 w. 1903. (In Proceedings
of the Iowa Engineering Society, v.15, p.70.)
Discussion of status and tendencies, especially in England.
Crimp, W. Santo.
Sewage treatment and sludge disposal. 5,500 w. i diag. 5 dr. 1893.
(In Engineering record, v.27, P-237, 256, 277.)
The same, condensed. 2,400 w. (In Engineering news, v.29, p.198.)
Considers fluctuations in the flow of sewage, design of settling tanks, addition of
chemical precipitant, amount of sludge from various British works, etc.
Davies, Stuart H.
Design of works for the b:;cterial treatment of sewage. 2.700 w.
1903. (In Engineering, v.76, p.500.)
Lays emphasis on importance of experiments with the particular sewage to be dealt
with, of equalization of the sewage, retention of solid matter and of continuous action
in filtration.
Davies, Stuart H.
Notes on the bacterial treatment of sewage. 1,200 w. 1906. (In
Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.27, p.470.)
Abstract, discussing particularly value of residence of sewage in tanks, reduction of
sludge and arresting of suspended matters.
Dibdin, William J.
Purification of the Thames. 10,000 w. 1897- (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.129, p.8o.)
Discussion, 20,000 w.
The same, abstract. 2,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.40, p.53.)
Considers efficiency of purification by chemical precipitation and by filtration, and
the pollution of the Thames.
Dibdin, William J.
Sewage-sludge and its disposal. 8,000 w. 1887. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.88, p.l5S-)
Discussion, p. 194. . T j z: ^
The same, condensed. 2,600 w. (In Engmeer, London, v.63, p.iS7-)
General consideration, advocating final disposal without attempt at utilization.

14 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Dibdin, William J. & Thudichum, George.
Scientific basis of sewage treatment. 2,500 w. 1898. (In Journal of
the Sanitary Institute, v.i8, p.541-)
Discussion, p.576.
Emphasizes necessity of treatment by allowing natural agencies to act freely.
Discussion on modern methods of sewage disposal, with special reference
to the elimination of suspended matters. 5,000 w. 1908. (In Journal
of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.29, p.i.)
Disposal of sewage. 2,000 w. 1909. (In Engineering, v.88, p.454.)
Editorial review of report of Royal Commission, giving results of its investigations.
Drying sewage sludge in centrifugal machines. 1,200 w. 2 dr. 1908.
(In Engineering record, v.58, p.445.)
Describes machine built on the basis of certain German drying tests.
Dunbar.
Standards of purity for sewage effluents. 5,500 w. 1904. (In Journal
of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.25, p.599-)
The same, condensed. (In Builder, v.87, p.207.)
Decides that it is not possible to judge from results of a chemical analysis whether
an effluent tends to putrefy. A safer judgment is based on the degree of purification
already effected.
Dunbar.
Uber moderne abwasser-reinigungsmethoden unter besonderer beriicksichtigung
des biologischen verfahrens. 11,300 w. 6 dr. 14111. 1906.
(In Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Ingenieur- und Architekten-
Vereines, v.58, p.633, 649.)
Discusses theory of sewage purification and describes various apparatus in use,
especially devices for distribution of the sewage.
Easby, William, jr.
Bacterial treatment of sewage in England. 13,000 w. 6 dr. 3 ill.
(In Proceedings of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, v.17, p.133.)
Describes principles and operation of septic tanks, contact beds, and Garfield coal
filters at various plants in England.
Easdale, W. C.
Sewage disposal ideals. 6,000 w. 1910. (In Engineering record,
V.61, p.504.)
The same, condensed. 3,500 w. (In Canadian engineer, v.iB, p.318, 499,)
Paper before the Society of Engineers.
Discusses ideal conditions for operation of each type of plant, and ideal procedure
at each step of construction and operation.
Eddy, Harrison P. & Fales, A. L.
Relation'of the suspended matter in sewage to the problem of sewage
disposal. 12,000 w. 14 ill. 1906. (In Journal of the Association
of Engineering Societies, v.37, P.67.)
Discussion, 6,000 w.
Essential conditions of bacterial sewage purification. 3,500 w. 1898.
(In Engineering record, v.38, p.404.)
Paper before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, by Dibdin
and Thudichum.
Discusses effect of variations in air supply, temperature, light, acidity, time of
contact, nature of bed material and depth of bed.
Experiments on sewage purification at the Lawrence Experiment Station
during 1898. 1,400 w. 1899. (In Engineering news, v.42, p.395.)
Experiments with septic tanks and intermittent and contact filters.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 15
Extensions of the Worcester [Mass.] sewage disposal works. 2,500 w.
9 dr. 1905. (In Engineering record, V.51, p.713.)
Description of sewage works "which are the most interesting as well as the most
important in the country" (1905). New contact beds have been built for treatment additional
to chemical precipitation.
Flagg, J. Foster.
Sewage disposal. 12,000 w. 1893. (In Paving and municipal engineering,
v.4, p.313; v.5, p.i, 55, 119.)
Considers extent of use and relative advantages of disposal by discharge into rivers,
chemical precipitation, broad irrigation, and by intermittent downward filtration preceded
by precipitation. Describes various German and British works.
Flower, L.
Sewage treatment, more especially as affecting the pollution of the
river Lee. 3,500 w. 1876. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.24, p.636.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine,
V.IS, P-76.)
Notes on methods of disposal used by towns on the river Lee.
Fowler, Gilbert John.
Quality of effluents in relation to standards. 5,000 w. 1909. (In
Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.30, p.513.)
Discussion, 5,400 w.
The same, condensed. 4,000 w. (In Canadian engineer, v.17, p.636, 665.)
Consideration of chemical meaning of standard tests, effect of effluents on streams,
and value of standards in general.
Fowler, Gilbert John, & Ardern, Edward.
Suspended matter in sewage and effluents. 3.000 w. 1905- (In
Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.24. P-483.)
Considers mainly removal of colloidal matter from sewage.
Francis, Charles.
Sewage disposal and water purification. 3,500 w. 1897. (In IMunicipal
engineering, v.13, p.340.)
Considers broad irrigation and intermittent downward filtration the only successful
methods of purification.
Frankland, Percy.
Bacterial treatment of water and sewage up to date. 1,200 w. 1903.
(In Minutes of proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, v.154.
supplement, p.153.)
The same. (In Engineer, London, v.96, p.29.)
The same. (In Engineering, v.76, p.32.)
Deals briefly with seven aspects and questions of sewage disposal on which experimental
data should be collected.
Frankland, Percy.
Some recent results obtained in the practical treatment of sewage.
2,500 w. 1889. (In Transactions of the Sanitary Institute, v.io, p.271.)
Compares results of actual operation of plants using precipitation only with plants
using precipitation with subsequent application to land.
Fuller, George W.
Comparative resume of the sewage purification tests at Columbus,
Ohio. 15,000 w. 1907. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, y.39, p.67.)
Discussion, 10,000 w.
Describes experimental work on preparatory treatment of sewage, septic tank treatment,
intermittent sand filters, contact filters, sprinkling filters, etc.

i6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Fuller, George W.
Composition of sewage in relation to problems of disposal. 9,800 w.
1903. (In Technology quarterly, v.i6, p.132.)
Discusses composition of sewage from different English and American cities and
its importance as affecting methods of disposal.
Fuller, George W.
Experimental methods as appHed to water and sewage works for
large communities. 6,500 w. 1906. (In Engineering record, v.54, p.8o.)
General review of experimental studies of sewage treatment as carried on in various
localities in the last 25 years.
Fuller, George W.
Modern sewage disposal plants of the world. 5,400 w. 2 ill. 1909.
(In Journal of the Engineers' Society of Pennsylvania, v.i, p.3.)
Discussion, 3,000 w.
Outlines development of different methods of disposal and gives status of present
methods.
Fuller, George W.
Notes on sludge disposal. 2,500 w. 1908. (In Engineering record,
v.57, P-64-)
Emphasizes especially necessity of careful operation. Considers disposal of sludge
from septic tanks.
See also editorial, p.58.
Fuller, George W.
Principles of sewage purification. 10,000 w. 1909. (In Engineering
record, v.59, p.622, 657.)
Lecture at Cornell University. Considers degree of purification necessary and
degree obtained by processes involving chemical precipitation, septic treatment, intermittent
sand filters, contact filters and sprinkling filters.
Fuller, George W.
Sewage disposal in America. 16,000 w. 1904. (In Transactions of
the American Society of Civil Engineers, v.S4, pt.5, p.147.)
Discussion, p.207. 16,000 w.
The same. (Extract on septic treatment.) 3,000 w. (In Municipal
engineering, v.29, p.36.)
Comprehensive review of status in 1904 and description of methods in use.
Fuller, George W.
What methods are most suitable for disposal of sewage on the Atlantic
coast? 3,000 w. 1906. (In Engineering news, V.5S, p.94.)
Paper before the New Jersey Sanitary Association.
Reviews recent advances in sewage disposal, discussing preliminary methods of
treatment, intermittent filtration through sand, coarse-grained filters, etc.
Galton, Douglas.
Report of the Royal Commission on Metropolitan Sewage. 8,000 w.
1885. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.33, P-290.)
Discussion.
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.32,
P-33S-)
Historical review of disposal of London sewage and consideration of possible future
methods and arrangements. Commission believes that sewage should not be allowed to
flow into the Thames untreated.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 17
Gerhard, William Paul.
Biological methods of sewage disposal for farm houses, country
estates and summer resorts. 5,200 w. 12 dr. 1906. (In Metal worker.
May 5, p.41.)
Considers use of septic or sedimentation tanks and contact beds and trickling filters.
Ginther, C. M.
Sewage purification. 1,500 w. 3 ill. 1904. (In Scientific American
supplement, v.58, p.23, 952.)
Reviews history and methods, and describes briefly plant at Eastern Indiana Hospital
for the Insane.
Glyndon, Albert.
Bacterial purification of sewage. 2,500 w. 5 ill. 1905. (In Scientific
American, v.107, p.456.)
Brief review of methods in use.
Grandeau, L.
La purification des eaux potables et l'epuration des eaux d'egout en
Angleterre. 16,000 w. 6 ill. 1905. (In Bulletin de la Societe d'encouragement
pour I'industrie nationale, v.107, p.64.)
Detailed review of practice and methods in use, with description of several purification
works.
Gray, Samuel M.
Disposal of sewage. 47 p. 4 folding pi. 1884. (In his Proposed
plan for a sewerage system and for the disposal of the sewage of the
city of Providence, p.70.)
Describes instances of disposal for irrigation and considers precipitation methods.
Greater Pittsburg sewerage and sewage purification orders. 6,500 w.
1910. (In Engineering news, v.63, P.i79-)
Outlines plans for metropolitan sewerage and sewage disposal system, following
out orders of State board of health.
See also editorial, p. 170. 2,000 w.
Gregory, John H.
Sewage testing station at Columbus, O. 2,400 w. 11 dr. 1904. (In
Engineering news, v.52, p.359.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.50, p.598.)
Describes equipment and arrangements for experimenting with different methods
of sewage treatment.
Gretton, John O., chairman.
Report of the special committee appointed by common council to
investigate the question of a sewage disposal plant for the city of Trenton,
N. J. 44 p. 1909.
State sewerage commission required Trenton to cease polluting the Delaware before
Jan. I, 1911. Committee investigated various plants in eastern United States. No
definite plans are recommended, but cost of maintenance is estimated at 15 cents per
capita per year, or about $15,000.
Grimshaw, Harry.
Cost of some of the processes of sewage treatment. 4,600 w. 1892.
(In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.ii, p.5.)
Discussion, 3,000 w.
Compares only precipitation and electrolytic processes.
Grossmann, J.
Recovery of products of commercial value from sewage sludge.

i8 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PIT-TSBURGH
Grossmann, J.—continued.
4,000 w. 1905. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.24,
pt.l, p.6s5.)
Describes experiments and installation at Bradford, England, at which ammonium
sulphate, phosphoric acid, fatty acids and other products are obtained by distillation of
the sludge.
Harrison, W. H.
Bacteriological treatment of sewage. 7,500w. 1900. (In Journal
of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.19, p.511.)
Discusses working of septic tanks, contact beds and continuous filters, and conditions
that increase their efficiency.
Hart, George A.
Relative merits of chemically-treated, settled, and septic sewage in
preparing the liquid for oxidising beds. 2,000 w. 1907. (In Engineering,
v.84, P-36.)
Paper before the engineering conference of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Hatton, T. Chalkley.
Sewage disposal for small cities and towns. 3,300 w. 1904. (In
Municipal engineering, v.27, p.331.)
Outlines various methods, showing that final choice should depend on local conditions.
Hazen, Allen.
Present European practice in regard to sewage disposal. 8,000 w.
1895. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.15,
p.2i6.)
Interesting information on precipitation and filtration systems of England and on
broad irrigation as practiced at Berlin and Paris.
Hazen, Allen.
Sewage disposal problem in American cities. 2,800 w. 1893. (In
Public health, v.19, p.44-)
Shows that local conditions make different methods applicable in different cities.
Hedenberg, W. L.
Problem of sewage sludge disposal. 3,000 w. 1900. (In Municipal
engineering, v.i8, p.io.)
Finds difficulties in all methods discussed, but considers that utilization of sludge
as fuel has possibilities of success.
Hering, Rudolph.
Bacterial processes of sewage purification. 4,500 w. 7 ill. 1898. (In
Engineering magazine, v.15, p.960.)
Considers theory of bacterial action and early experimental work. Briefly describes
methods in use in England at Exeter, Yeovil and Sutton.
Hering, Rudolph.
Disposal of sewage. 4,500 w. 1891. (In Engineering record, v.23,
p.227, 243.)
Written for the California state board of health.
Reviews methods used previously, giving present (1891) status of the question.
Hering, Rudolph.
Fundamental principles of sewage purification on land. 15,000 w.
1909. (In Engineering news, v.6i. p.493, 583. 605.)
Studies effect of physical conditions on filtration, considering the bacterial surface
extent, degree of liquidity, air supply, rate of percolation, and discusses metliods of distribution
and application of the sewage to the filters.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 19
Hering, Rudolph.
Sewerage work; a 25 years' review. 2,600w. 1903. (In Engineering
record, v.47, P-21.)
Includes brief summary of status of sewage disposal in 1903, and the developments
leading to it.
Hering, Rudolph, & Fuller, G. W.
Sewage disposal at Chicago and vicinity. 10,000 w. 1907. (In Engineering
record, v.55, p.130.)
Discusses results of disposal by dilution, as well as plans for partial disposal by use
of septic tanks, intermittent sand filters, contact and sprinkling filters.
Hering, Rudolph, and others.
Disposal and purification of the sewage. 12 p. 1890. (In United
States, 51st cong., ist sess.. House exec. doc. no.445: Report upon the
sewerage of the District of Columbia, pt.2.)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Engineering news, v.27, p.476.)
Reviews possible methods of disposal and advocates discharge of sewage of Washington
into the Potomac river.
Hermann, E. A.
Sewage purification. 3,400 w. 1900. (In Municipal engineering,
V.19, p.195-)
Paper before the American Society of Municipal Improvements.
Discussion of relative advantages of broad irrigation, intermittent filtration and
septic tanks.
Hill, A. Bostock.
Sewage contact beds declared superseded by percolating or sprinkling
filters. 600 w. 1905. (In Engineering news, v.54, p.4li.)
Extract from paper before the British Association of Managers of Sewage Disposal
Works.
Hill, A. Bostock, & Willcox, J. E.
Practical considerations in connection with modern methods of
treating sewage. 3,400 w. 1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute,
v.24, P-834)
Discussion of relative advantages of methods depending on bacterial action, especially
contact beds and percolating filters.
Hill, G. Everett.
Bacterial disposal of sewage. 6,800 w. 1905. (In Journal of the
Franklin Institute, v.159, p.i.)
Considers the principles underlying bacterial sewage purification and their application
to different methods.
Hofer, Thomas.
Ueber die reinigung stadtischer abwasser und die reinigungsanlage
der stadt Baden. 7,000 w. i dr. i ill. 2 pi. 1904. (In Zeitschrift des
Osterreichischen Ingenieur- und Architekten-Vereines, v.56, p.397, 409-)
Carefully reviews methods of purification as developed in England and America,
and describes arrangement and operation of disposal plant at Baden, Austria, which consists
of a septic tank combined with double contact beds.
Horetzky, Charles G.
On the most recent methods of sewage disposal now in operation in
the United States; being to some extent the outcome of experirnents
made by the Massachusetts state board of health, with remarks upon
their adaptability, in whole or in part, to cities in Canada. 5,000 w.
1898. (In Public health, v.24, p.51.)

20 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Horetzky, Charles G.
Recent methods of sewage disposal. 3,300 w. 1898. (In Canadian
engineer, v.6, p.157.)
Reviews working of some recent (1898) plants in America, with special regard to
their application in Ontario. In favor of filtration through coke breeze before passing
through sand filters.
Horton, Theodore.
Sewage disposal for institutions and small communities. 3,500 w.
1907. (In Municipal engineering, v.33, P-379-)
Discussion of nature of sewage and methods and degree of purification by septic
tanks, intermittent filters, contact beds and sprinkling filters.
Horton, Theodore.
Sewage disposal for institutions and small communities. 4,800 w.
1907. (In New York—State department of health. Annual report
(28th), pt.l, p.644.)
Outlines methods that have proved effective.
Johnson, George A.
Sewage treatment to prevent river pollution. 2,500 w. 1910. (In
Engineering record, v.6l, p.324.)
Considers degree of purification necessary in different localities.
Johnson, George A. and others.
Relative applicability of current methods for the determination of
putrescibility in sewage effluents. 6,500 w. 1905. (In Public health,
V.31, pt.2, p.8o.)
Reviews incubator and chemical tests and considers the availability of oxygen
when present in different forms.
Jones, Alfred Stowell, & Travis, W. O.
On the elimination of suspended solids and colloidal matters from
sewage. 13,000 w. 13 dr. 1906. (In Minutes of proceedings of the
Institution of Civil Engineers, v.164, p.68.)
Discussion.
Maintains that the process of sewage disposal is mainly the result of physical operations
and that bacteria play a secondary part. Shows necessity for complete removal of
suspended matters before final oxidation processes.
Kenwood, Henry R. & Butler, W.
Sewage purification and standards of purity. 5,500 w. 1901. (In
Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.22, p.97.)
Discussion, 7,000 w.
Discusses advances in purification and distribution of sewage by bacterial methods
and maintains that a strictly chemical standard of purity is not satisfactory.
Kiersted, Wynkoop.
Discussion of the prevailing theories and practices relating to sewage
disposal. 182 p. 1894.
Considers principles underlying sewage disposal rather than mechanical methods of
treatment.
Kimberly, A. Elliott.
Report on examination of sewage purification plants, and supplementary
reports on (i) disinfection of sewage effluents and (2) purification
of acid iron wastes at Shelby. 406 p. 111. 1908. (In Ohio—State
board of health. Report of an investigation of water and sewage purification
plants in Ohio, 1906/07, p.367.)
Information on disposal plants in many Ohio towns.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 21
Kimberly, A. Elliott.
The use and the abuse of sewage purification plants. 5,400 w. 1907.
(In Engineering record, v.56, p.234.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering news, v.s8, p.235.)
Discussion of details of operation in the different methods of disposal.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
Present status of the sewage problem in England. 12,800 w. 9 ill.
1902. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.28,
P-323)
The same, condensed. 1,600 w. (In Engineering record, v.45, P-295.)
Discussion, 11,000 w.
Gives information on sewage plants inspected by author in England, with special
reference to septic tanks, contact beds and intermittent continuous filtration, applying
the sewage by means of sprinklers.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
Purification of sewage by bacterial methods. 10,700 w. 8 dr. 1900.
(In Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v.15, p.119.)
Explanation of principle of bacterial purification and its application successively in
intermittent filtration, contact and septic tank methods.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
Recent work in England on the purification of sewage. 3,000 w.
1898. (In Journal of the American Chemical Society, v.20, p.185.)
Describes work with bacteria beds at Sutton and with septic tanks at Exeter.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
Sewage analysis and the chemical treatment of sewage. 5,000 w.
1899. (In Engineering news, v.41, p.294.)
Considers significance of presence of various constituents in sewage and methods of
determining the amount, methods of chemical treatment and their efficiency.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
Sewage disposal at Manchester and Birmingham. 2,500 w. 9 ill. 1906.
(In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.36, p.123.)
Description of plants both using sedimentation and septic tanks for preliminary
treatment. Subsequent treatment is by contact beds at Manchester and by percolating
filters at Birmingham.
Landreth, Olin H.
Sewage disposal for cities and villages. 5,000 w. 1901. (In Proceedings
of the Conference of Sanitary Officers of the State of New
York, V.I, p.67.)
Discussion, 2,500 w.
Reviews briefly methods for purification of sewage.
Lane, F. E.
Hampton doctrine of sewage purification. 800 w. 1908. (In Municipal
journal and engineer, v.25, p.639.)
Claims that purification of sewage is essentially a physical operation rather than
bacterial.
La Rue, Benjamin F.
Sewage disposal. 2,500 w. i ill. 1898. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.45, P-18743-)
From "Home study magazine.''
Brief outline of methods that have proved satisfactory.

22 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Latham, Baldwin.
Notes on sewage disposal. 6,000 w. 1905. (In Engineering news,
v.54, p.666.)
Outlines history of sewage disposal and development of the different methods, with
comparison of efficiency of contact beds and filters.
Lawton, C. E.
Bacterial treatment of sewage. 2,500 w. 1910. (In Canadian engineer,
V.18, p.201.)
Paper before the Institute of Sanitary Engineers.
Reviews briefly construction and working of septic and precipitation tanks and contact
beds.
Lea, R. S.
Sewage disposal. 12,000 w. 4 folding pi. 3 ill. 1900. (In Transactions
of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, v.14, p.6i.)
Concise but comprehensive survey of the various methods of sewage disposal in use
or suggested, with special attention to bacterial methods.
Leeds sewage disposal experiments. 1,700 w. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.42, p.272.)
Gives results of experiments with various filtration methods, with preliminary use
of septic tanks, etc.
Loewy, .\.
L'epuration biologique des eaux d'egout sur sol artificiel. 26,000 w.
39 dr. I folding pi. 6 ill. 1910. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees,
memoires, ser. 8, v.46, p.7.)
Detailed summary of present practice in filtering sewage through artificial beds,
especially comparing contact beds and percolating filters and describing preliminary
treatment of the sewage. Describes a number of English plants and experiments carried
out on Paris sewage.
London County Council.
Bacterial treatment of crude sewage; experimental treatment of
London crude sewage in settling-tanks and coke-beds at Barking and
Crossness. 150 p. 1902.
4th report, by Dr Clowes.
Gives results of important experiments on a large scale extending over four years.
Recommends treatment of London sewage by bacterial methods.
London sewage disposal. 3,300 w. 1885. (In Sanitary engineer, v.ii,
P.3S0, 373, 433, 476.)
Reviews conclusions of the Royal Commission.
Liibbert, A.
Einfiihrung in die frage der abwasserreinigung. 18,000 w. 28 dr.
1909. (In Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure, v.53, pt-i,
p.26, 57, 135.)
General review of present practice, giving attention to dilution processes, mechanical
removal of solid matters and methods for purification depending on bacteriological
activity.
McCullough, Ernest.
Some notes on the cost of cinders for sewage filter beds. 2,200 w.
1904. (In Engineering news, v.52, p.136.)
Shows difficulties and expense met by author in securing supply of cinders.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 23
Mackinnon, W. A.
Profitable sewage disposal. 500 w. 1909. (In Canadian engineer,
V.17, p.6i.)
Brief notice of process for extracting fats and fatty acids from sewage, leaving
sludge cake that can be utilized as fertilizer.
Maguire, William R.
Sewage disposal. 19p. 1896. (In his Domestic sanitary drainage
and plumbing, ed.2, p.ioi.)
Manchester sewage disposal. 4,500 w. i dr. 1896. (In Engineer,
London, v.8i, p.306,)
Consideration of suggested methods, advocating discharge of tank effluent into the
Mersey river 15 miles below Manchester.
Marston, A.
Sewage disposal in Iowa. 12,000 w. 2 diag. 15 dr. sill. 1903. (In
Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, v.8, p.638.)
Gives summary of sewage disposal plants in operation in Iowa, with brief descriptions.
Martin, Arthur J.
Management of sewage disposal works. 4,000 w. 1904. (In Journal
of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.25, p.660.)
Shows importance of automatic control of disposal methods.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Disposal of sewage. 125 p. 3 dr. 3 ill. 7 maps. 1876. (In its Annual
report (7th), 1876, p.276.)
Includes review of disposal methods depending on continuous and intermittent
downward filtration, chemical precipitation and broad irrigation.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Disposal of sewage. 34 p. 2 dr. 1877. (In its Annual report (8th),
1877, p.8o.)
Reviews advances during the year and conditions at the time, showing the prevalence
of different methods of disposal in use.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
E.xperiment Station during the year 1895. 60 p. 1895. (In its Annual
report (27th), 1895, p.443-)
Investigations of the permanency of sewage filters, preliminary treatment of sewage
for removal of sludge, methods of aerating filters, methods of disposing of industrial
wastes, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the 3'-ear 1896. 80 p. 1896. (In its .\nnual
report (28th), 1896, p.425.)
Gives additional information on the purification of waste liquors from manufactories,
including tannery and paper and woolen mill wastes, and on methods for sludge
removal.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
E.xperiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1897. 65 p. 1897. (In its Annual
report (29th), 1897, p.393-)
Continued work on the purification of tannery sewage and paper mill and woolscouring
wastes, as well as on use of coke, ashes and cinders as filter material for
domestic sewage.

24 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage.. .at the Lawrence Experiment
Station during the year 1898. 53 p. 1898. (In its Annual report
(30th), 1898, p.431.)
Beginning of study of septic tank and purification of tank effluents by intermittent
sand filtration. Studies also removal of organic matter by straining through coke, action
of iron in filters, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1899. 67 p. 1899. (In its Annual
report (31st), 1899, p.415.)
Study of purification by septic tanks and contact filters, and continuation of other
investigations.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1901. 43 p. 1901. (In its Annual
report (33d), 1901, p.269.)
Experiments especially on the operation and efficiency of contact and other coarse
filters, and comparison of the effluents of contact and intermittent continuous filters.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1902. 46 p. 1902. (In its Annual
report (34th), 1902. p.177.)
Continued study of working of septic tanks, contact and intermittent continuous
filters, with special attention to removal of solid matters.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1903. 58 p. 1903. (In its Annual
report (3Sth), 1903, p.219.)
Experiments on the effect of length of stay of sewage in septic tank, and action of
septic sewage on mineral salts in sewage, permanency of operation of contact filters, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1904. 82 p. 1904. (In its Annual
report (36th), 1904, p.195.)
Contains special study of the storage of nitrogen in filters and its removal, with
chemical changes during nitrification.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1905. 52 p. 1905. (In its Annual
report (37th), 1905, p.339.)
Continues study of the changes in nitrogen of sewage and of the accumulation of
nitrogenous matter in the sand filters.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1906. 92 p. 10 ill. 1906. (In its
Annual report (38th), 1906, p.2ii.)
Includes study of operation of sprinkling filters, distribution of sewage and treatment
of effluents from them, rates of filtration with sand filters, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 25
Massachusetts—State board of health—continued.
Experiment Station during the year 1907. 54 p. 1907. (In its Annual
report (39th), 1907, p.183.)
Continues study of distribution of sewage upon sprinkling filters and tlfe refiltration
of effluents from sprinkling filters.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Review of 21 years experiments upon the purification of sewage at
the Lawrence Experiment Station. 287 p. 20 diag. 1908. (In its Annual
report (40th), 1908, p.251.)
Comprehensive review of very valuable investigations as to the operation of intermittent
sand, contact and sprinkling filters, value of chemical precipitation and septic
tank treatment, bacteriology of sewage purification, etc.
Mebus, Charles F.
Sewage purification, with notes on English and German works.
6,000 w. 1906. (In Proceedings of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia,
v.23, p.io.)
Describes briefly English works using chemical precipitation, contact and sprinkling
filter method.
Mechanical aids to sewage purification. 2,000 w. 3 dr. 1900. (In
Engineer, London, v.90, p.501.)
Describes automatic apparatus for distributing sewage over filter beds.
Meer, G. ter.
Schlammtrocknung fiir stadtische kanalisationsanlagen. 4,700 w.
19 dr. 2 ill. 1908. (In Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure,
v.52, p.iSo.)
Describes apparatus in use in several German cities, especially the Schafer ter Meer
centrifugal sewage-drying machine.
Michel, M.
fipuration des eaux usees. 15,000 w. 1906. (In Annales des ponts
et chaussees, memoires, ser. 8, v.21, p.60.)
Reviews development of methods of disposal as practiced in England and France.
Moncrieff, W. D. Scott-.
High nitrification in sewage filtrates. 2,000 w. 1900. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.20, p.653.)
Emphasizes great fertilizing value of sewage and urges attention to its legitimate use.
Moncrieff, W. D. Scott-.
Standardising of sewage. 4,000 w. 1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary
Institute, v.24, p.460.)
Discussion, 2,400 w.
Believes that plans should be based on determinations of (i) depth of filter required
for necessary purification, (2) quantity of air required, (3) proper rate of flow
per unit area of filter, (4) proper period of rest between discharges.
Municipal sewage experiment stations. 3,000 w. 1907. (In Engineering
news, v.57, P-243-)
Editorial discussion of amount and value of work done by sewage experiment stations
in the United States, with suggestions for future work.
Miintz, A. & Laine, E.
L'epuration des eaux d'egout. 1,500 w. 1907. (In Comptes rendus
hebdomadaires des seances de I'Academie des sciences, v.144, p.466.)
Discussion of purification by filtration through peat filters.

26 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Miintz, A. & Laine, E.
fitudes sur l'epuration des eaux d'egout sur des lits bacteriens de
tourbe. 10,500 w. 1909. (In Bulletin de la Societe d'encouragement
pour I'industrie nationale, v.iii, pt.i, p.721.)
Discussion of efficiency of peat filters for purifying sewage, with tests, concluding
that peat possesses greater purifying activity than other materials used heretofore.
Miintz, A. & Laine, E.
Sur I'utilisation de la tourbe pour l'epuration des eaux d'egout.
1,800 w. 1908. (In Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de
I'Academie des sciences, v.146, p.53.)
Authors have found peat a valuable agent in the nitrification of sewage in filter
beds.
Murray, T. Aird.
Fifth report of the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal, 1908.
11,500 w. 1908. (In Canadian engineer, v.is, p.865, 881.)
Review of this exhaustive inquiry into the most efficient methods of disposal.
Murray, T. Aird.
Modern aspects of sewage disposal and sewerage problems. 6,500 w.
1909. (In Canadian engineer, v.17, p.62.)
Paper before the Saskatchewan Medical Association.
Reviews past and present theories and methods of sewage disposal.
Murray, T. Aird.
Sewage disposal; removal of putrescibility. 20,000 w. 8 dr. 5 ill.
1909. (In Canadian engineer, v.17, p.145, 176, 236, 248, 259, 315, 345,
396, 590.)
Comprehensive review of advantages and shortcomings of different methods of
sewage disposal. Concludes that from present indications filtration with use of revolving
or traveling distributors is best adapted for use in Canada.
Need for a more rational view of sewage disposal. 3,000 w. 1910. (In
Engineering news, v.64, p.394.)
Argues for purification only to the point of non-putrefaction.
New York (city). Merchants Association.
Battle of the microbes, nature's fight for pure water; a clear description
of the methods of sewage disposal. 28 p. 3 ill. 1908.
Pamphlet giving brief outUne of methods.
Nichols, William Ripley, & Allen, C. R.
Contributions to our knowledge of sewage. 1,600 w. 1885. (In
Journal of the Franklin Institute, v.120, p.146.)
Gives analyses of Boston sewage.
Nolte, A.
Abwasserfrage und abwasserreinigung. 6,000 w. i diag. 25 dr. i ill.
1907. (In Stahl und eisen, v.27, pt.i, p.131, 166.)
Discusses theory and course of natural and artificial purification of sewage.
Ogden, H. N.
Investigation of sewage disposal plants. 115 p. 46 dr. 66111. 1907.
(In New York—State department of health. Annual report (28th),
1907, pt.2, p.717.)
Describes methods and plants of 52 disposal works in New York state. Very fully
illustrated.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 27
Ogden, H. N.
Sewage disposal in the vicinity of London, England. 4,000 w. 1910.
(In Engineering record, v.62, p.147.)
Outlines present-day tendencies in regard to use of septic tanks, sludge disposal and
operation of sprinkling filters.
Ohio State board of health on septic sewage disposal. 2,100 w. 1901.
(In Engineering record, v.43, p.97-)
Editorial review of report refusing permission to Columbus to dispose of sewage by
septic tank treatment alone.
Papers on sewage purification read before the Glasgow International
Engineering Congress. 5,500 w. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.46,
p.272.)
Abstracts of papers by A. S. Jones, K. F. Campbell and A. B. McDonald, the first
in favor of sewage farming, the last two in favor of chemical treatment in preference to
septic tank treatment.
See also editorial, p.265.
Parry, W. Kaye.
Present position of the sewage problem. 3,000 w. 1903. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.24, p.349-)
Author shows the deficiencies in bacterial methods of disposal, and the difficulties
still present in the way of sludge disposal.
Parry, W. Kaye.
Progress in sewage purification. 2,000 w. 1898. (In Builder, v.75,
p.206.)
Paper before the Royal Institute of Public Health.
Claims that new methods have made little advance and that the only efficient method
is by filtration, either naturally or through artificial filters.
Pearse, Langdon.
Sewage testing station of the sanitary district of Chicago. 5,000 w.
22 dr. 3 ill. 1910. (In Engineering news, v.63, p.367.)
Describes testing plant to anticipate future needs, containing septic, sedimentation
and sludge tanks and sprinkling filters.
Phelps, Earle B.
Interpretation of a sewage analysis. 7,500 w. 1905. (In Technology
quarterly, v.i8, p.40.)
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment
station, v.3.)
Reviews the different constituents to be determined and their relation to age and
condition of the sewage. Refers only to crude and septic sewage.
Phelps, Earle B.
Interpretation of an analysis of the effluent from a sewage filter.
7,500 w. 1905. (In Technology quarterly, v.18, p.123.)
"References," p.141.
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment
station, v.3.)
The same, condensed. 3,500 w. (In Engineering record, v.S2, p.162.)
Considers standards of purity for sewage effluents, significance of the presence of
different constituents, and tests of the purity of the effluent.

28 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Philadelphia experiments in sewage disposal. 4,000 w. 7 dr. 10 ill.
1909. (In Municipal journal and engineer, v.27, p.621, 666.)
Preliminary description of experiments begun in 1908 on efficiency of contact and
sprinkling filter processes, disinfection of sewage and sludge disposal.
Pittsburgh, Chamber of Commerce.
Sewage disposal for Pittsburgh; report of special committee on municipal
sanitation. 30 p. 1907. (In its [Reports and addresses, 1907/08].)
Methods of disposal are considered in their applicability to the needs of Pittsburgh.
Potter, Alexander.
Advance in sewage purification. 4,500 w. 1906. (In Bulletin of
the League of American Municipalities, v.6, p.140.)
The same, condensed. 3,000 w. (In Municipal engineering, v.31, p.439.)
Considers advance by legislative enactments, scientific development of methods, and
official supervision of sewage plants.
Potter, Alexander.
Limits to sewage purification. 1,400 w. 1909. (In Municipal journal
and engineer, v.27, p.514.)
Potter, Alexander.
Methods of sewage disposal. 2,500 w. 1909. (In Municipal engineering,
v.36, p.362.)
Brief review of methods and their development.
Potter, Alexander.
Status of sewage disposal in America. 1,500 w. 2 dr. 8 ill. 1909.
(In Municipal engineering, v.37, p.8o.)
Comparison of British and American practice, showing how America may profit by
experiments and failures abroad.
Pottevin, Henri.
L'epuration des eaux d'egout par les filtres a tourbe. 800 w. 1907.
(In Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de I'Academie des
sciences, v.144, p.768.)
Brief note on tests to determine maximum rate of flow of sewage through peat
filters and maximum percentage of nitrogenous matter that might be present in sewage
before treatment.
Pratt, R. Winthrop.
Columbus sewage testing station,
engineering, v.29, p.34.)
1,200 w. 1905. (In Municipal
Pratt, R. Winthrop.
Sewage purification, with special reference to the problem in Ohio.
12,000 w. 7 ill. 1905. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.34, P-3io.)
Statistical descriptions are given of purification plants in ten Ohio towns of from
1,000 to 30,000 population.
Preece, William Henry.
Pure soil. 3,000 w. 1899. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute,
v.20, p.338.)
Extract from inaugural address.
The same, condensed. 1,800 w. (In Engineering news, v.42, p.171.)
Brief, interesting review of advances in sewage disposal, and status in 1899.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 29
Preliminary conclusions of the British Royal Commission on Sewage
Disposal. 800 w. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.46, p.m.)
Gives briefly probable conclusions as to the lands available for sewage treatment,
efficiency of bacterial processes by themselves, arid steps to be taken to secure better
river protection.
Purification of sewage. 3,500 w. 1891. (In Engineering news, v.26, p.29.)
Abstract of pt.2 of report of the Massachusetts state board of health for 1890, giving
information on operation and results of intermittent sand filtration.
Purvis, J. E. & Coleman, C. J.
Influence of the saline constituents of sea-water on the decomposition
of sewage. 4,000 w. 1906. (In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute,
v.56, p.367.)
The same. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.367.)
Rafter, George W.
Sewage disposal in the United States. 3,300 w. 2 dr. 5 ill. 1892.
(In Engineering magazine, v.2, p.496.)
Review of progress in America and of plants in successful operation (1892).
Ransom, William.
Bacterial sewage disposal. 1,200 w. 1907. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.171, p.391.)
Abstract, briefly describing successive stages in bacterial action upon sewage.
Rawlinson, Robert.
London sewerage and sewage. 8,000 w. i map. 1889. (In Journal
of the Society of Arts, v.38, p.66.)
Discussion.
Traces history of disposal of sewage of London. Considers broad irrigation the
most advantageous method.
Recent progress in sewage purification in England. 900 w. 1900. (In
Municipal engineering, v.19, p.262.)
Abstract of paper by Gilbert J. Fowler before the American Society of Municipal
Engineers.
Information on materials used in constructing filters and on progress with bacterial
methods. '
Reid, George.
Sewage disposal and the qualities essential in a sewage effluent.
3,600 w. 1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.24, p.90.)
Emphasizes practical side of the question, and advocates not too strict purification
requirements.
Report of the Connecticut sewage disposal commission. 2,300 w. 1899.
(In Engineering news, v.41, p.107.)
Shows status of question in Connecticut in 1899, and gives recommendations regarding
pollution of streams and best methods of disposal.
Report on sewage disposal plants. 4,000 w. 2 ill. 1909. (In Municipal
journal and engineer, v.27, p.287.)
Report to city of Trenton, N. J. Describes plants at Providence, R. I., Brockton,
Mass., and Saratoga and Ballston Spa, N. Y.
Report on sewage purification experiments at Columbus, O. 5,000 w.
1906. (In Engineering news, v.55, P-367-)
Reviews results of first large-scale experimental tests of sewage disposal methods
in America.
See also article, p.393. 3.000 w.
See also editorial, p.388. 2,000 w.

30 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Report on the treatment of part of the sewage of Chicago and its relation
to the Chicago drainage canal. 3,500 w. 1907. (In Engineering
news, v.57, P-I28.)
Reviews report by Rudolph Hering and George W. Fuller, considering available
methods other than dilution for treating a part of Chicago's sewage. Discusses intermittent
sand filters, contact beds and sprinkling filters, finding the last method the
most advantageous.
Richou, G.
L'epuration bacterienne des eaux d'egout. 2,000 w. 2 dr. 1901. (In
Le Genie civil, v.39, p.i09-)
Reviews recent work in England with bacterial methods.
Rideal, Samuel.
Purification of sewage by bacteria. 7,000 w. 1897. (In Journal of
the Society of Arts, v.46, p.8i.)
Discussion, 3,500 w.
Takes up chronologically the different bacterial processes used, and discusses chemical
action that takes place in the sewage after discharge into streams.
Rideal, Samuel.
Quality of sewage as influencing its mode of disposal. 6,400 w.
3 diag. 10 dr. 1899. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.19, p.686.)
Discussion, p.717.
Considers varying composition of sewage and progress of decomposition as affected
by it.
Robinson, Henry.
Bacterial treatment of sewage. 1,500 w. 1903. (In Journal of the
Sanitary Institute, v.24, p.349.)
Briefly discusses experiments for London County Council by Dibdin, and conclusions
of the Royal Commission.
Robinson, Henry.
Sewage disposal. 3,200 w. 1885. (In Transactions of the Sanitary
Institute of Great Britain, v.6, p.216.)
Discussion, p.239.
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.i8, p.7460.)
Considers disposal by chemical precipitation, by land treatment and by dilution.
Recommends disposal by filtration through artificial filters.
Robinson, Henry.
Sewage disposal. 2,600 w. 1889. (In Transactions of the Sanitary
Institute, v.io, p.194.)
Reviews methods of purification by precipitation, electrolysis and filtration previous
to 1889.
Roche, Antony.
Disposal of sewage. 1,800 w. 1906. (In Municipal journal and engineer,
V.21, p.125.)
Outlines methods briefly.
Roechling, H. Alfred.
Sewage question during the last century. 10,500 w. igoi. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.41, p.193.)
Reviews different methods, paying particular attention to theoretical considerations.
Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. 3,500 w. 1903. (In Builder,
v.85, P-92.)
Review of conclusions of 3d report, as to advisability of land disposal method,
practicability of bacterial processes and prevention of stream pollution.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TRE.ATMENT 31
Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. 10,000 w. 1904. (In Engineer,
London, v.98, p.348, 363, 388, 417.)
Review of 4th report, giving conclusions from careful study of conditions and practice
in England at the time.
Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. 7,500 w. 1910. (In Engineer,
London, v. 109, p.399, 426, 452 )
Review of the part of appendix 4 to 5th report dealing with preliminary methods of
treatment and further treatment of the liquors obtained.
Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. [5th report.] 10,000 w. 1908.
(In Engineer, London, v.io6, p.322, 342, 368, 393.)
See also editorial, p.325.
Tlie same, condensed. 4,500 w. (In Builder, v.95, P-293.)
The same, condensed. 7,000 w. (In Engineering, v.86, p.348, 384.)
Condensed summary of detailed report based on extensive observation and expert
evidence. Conclusion is that sewage can be brought to any desired degree of purity by
application to either land or artificial filters.
Sackett, R. L.
Maintenance of sewage purification works. 1,600 w. 1909. (In Proceedings
of the Indiana Engineering Society, v.29, p.201.)
Devoted chiefly to considerations of cost and permanency of filters and contact beds.
Schaefer-ter Meer's centrifugal drying machine for sewage sludge.
1,500 w. 3 dr. 2 ill. 1909. (In Engineering, v.88, p.528.)
Schreib, H.
Fortschritte in der reinigung der abwasser. 3,000 w. 1906. (In
Chemiker zeitung, v.30, p.mi.)
Reviews status of sewage disposal in 1906, with special reference to Germany.
Many references to patent and periodical literature.
Second and final report of the Royal Commission on the metropolitan
sewage discharge of London. 2,700 w. 1885. (In Engineering news,
v.i3,.p.248.)
Valuable report, reviewing results of the best study and investigation of English
engineers up to 1885.
Second report of the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal. 4,000 w.
1902. (In Engineering news, v.48, p.296.)
Abstract of report, dealing especially with efficiency of bacterial processes and the
pollution of streams.
Sewage disposal experiments at Leeds [England]. 1,000 w. 1899. (In
Engineering record, v.40, p.529.)
Brief record of experiments on purification by intermittent filtration, septic tanks
and other methods.
Sewage disposal in England. 4,000 w. 1908. (In Municipal journal and
engineer, v.25, p.497-)
Synopsis of 5th report of the Royal Commission, dealing with sedimentation and
septic tanks, filters and standards for sewage effluents.
Sewage filtration. 1,500 w. 1906. (In Municipal journal and engineer,
V.21, p.262.)
Discusses briefly availability of different methods, as steps in the purification of
sewage.
Sewage; old and new systems.. .application of sewage to agriculture,
purification of sewage. 2,200 w. 1869. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic
engineering magazine, v.i, p.249.)

32 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Sewage problem of western Pennsylvania. 1907. (In Proceedings of
the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania, v.23, P-263.)
Introductory, 800 w.
Administration of Pennsylvania laws respecting sewage, 4,200 w.
Present condition of municipal sewers of Pittsburgh. Three papers by Morris
Knowles, F. Herbert Snow and I. Charles Palmer, respectively. Not directly on treatment
of sewage, but included because of their application to local conditions.
Sewage purification. 3,400 w. 1903. (In Transactions of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, v.51, p.415-)
Discussion by Rudolph Hering, George W. Rafter and L. J. Le Conte, mainly (,n
advances in bacterial treatment.
Sewage purification and water pollution in the United States. 2,000 w.
1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, P-27S-)
Gives list of 95 cities and towns which have adopted some method of sewage treatment,
with statistics.
Sewage purification experiments at York, England. 3,300 w. 1902. (In
Engineering record, v.46, p.222.)
Experiments on purification of the septic tank effluent by single and double contact
beds, continuous and intermittent filters, etc.
Sewage purification in America. 90,000 w. 111. 1892. (In Engineering
news, v.28, p.32, 53, 77, 98, 127, 170, 196, 284, 308, 314, 340, 368, 422, 520,
545, 580, 611; v.29, p.26, 52, 122, 163, 183, 218, 248, 332, 520; v.30, p.41, 60,
86, 217, 239, 246, 477; V.31, p.25, 54, 66, 86, 190, 233, 498; v.32, p.420, 443;
v.33> P-143. 292, 334, 387, 418; v.34, P-35-)
Serial description of sewage purification plants and experiment stations, with results
of operation.
Sewage purification in Ohio. 3,000 w. 1908. (In Engineering record,
v.57, P-235)
I'nformation from a preliminary report by R. Winthrop Pratt, chief engineer of
the State board of health, summarizing conditions at different plants and discussing
several disposal problems.
Sewage purification plants in Ohio. 2,500 w. 3 dr. sill. 1905.' (In
Municipal engineering, v.28, p.279.)
Briefly describes chemical precipitation plants at Canton, Alliance and GlenviUe,
and various plants using intermittent filtration and septic tanks.
Sewage testing apparatus. 1,500 w. 2 dr. 1907. (In Municipal journal
and engineer, v.22, p.334.)
Describes Scott-Moncrieff apparatus for testing sewage treatment materials and
methods.
Sewage treatment at Worcester [Mass.]. 2,500 w. 4 ill. 1907. (In
Municipal journal and engineer, v.22, p.20.)
Reviews results of treatment in 15 years' use of sedimentation, chemical precipitation,
septic tank treatment and filtration.
Sewerage problem of greater Pittsburgh. 3,500 w. 1910. (In Engineering
record, v.6i, p.183.)
Discusses plans for comprehensive system of sewerage and sewage disposal, in
accordance with decree of the State board of health.
Shenton, Henry C. H.
Latest practice in sewage disposal. 7,200 w. i folding pi. 1904.
(In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.44, P-4I-)
Discussion, 6,500 w.
T\xe same, condensed. 3,400 w. (In Engineering record, v.49, p.630.)
Careful comparison of different methods and their efficiency.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 33
Shields, W. S.
Filters versus contact beds in sewage purification. 3,000 w. 8 dr.
I ill. 1904. (In Proceedings of the Indiana Engineering Society, v.24,
p.119.)
The same. (In Municipal engineering, v.26, p.m.)
Considers opinions of English authorities on efficiency of contact beds. Describes
small plant of the AUis-Chalmers Co. at West Allis, Wis., consisting of a septic tank
and anaerobic and aerobic filters.
Shields, W. S.
Purification of sewage. 2,500 w. 1902. (In Municipal engineering,
v.22, p.388.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering news, v.47, P-9S-)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering record, v.45, P-I29.)
Paper before the Illinois Society of Civil Engineers and Surveyors.
Gives instances and data from author's experience in operation of septic tanks, contact
beds and sand filters.
Smith, C. Chambers.
Economy in sewage disposal. 2,700 w. 1910. (In Canadian engineer,
V.19, p.456.)
Paper before the Royal Sanitary Institute Congress.
Notes especially on design of sprinkling filter plants and disposal of sludge.
Smith, Solon C.
Sewerage and sewage disposal. 4,000 w. 1901. (In Municipal engineering,
V.21, p.85.)
Paper before the Ohio Institute of Mining Engineers.
Discusses action of bacteria in disposal of sewage, filtering materials, and efficiency
of bacterial methods.
Snow, F. Herbert.
Bacteriological treatment of sewage. 13,000 w. 1905. (In Proceedings
of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, v.22, p.293.)
Discussion.
Historical development of sewage disposal methods depending on bacterial action.
Describes briefly plants at Brockton, Mass., Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Mansfield, O. and
.Atlantic City, N. J.
Some British sewage disposal apparatus. 900 w. 3 ill. 1906. (In Engineering
record, v.53, P-IS5)
Description of distributing devices for continuous filters and automatic gear for
controlling contact beds.
Sommerville, David.
Some observations on the chemistry and bacteriology of sewage
purification. 7,500 w. 1909. (In Transactions of the Society of Engineers,
v.49, P-I7S-)
Discussion of chemical and bacterial action that takes place in the disposal of sewage.
State control of sewage disposal works. 1,400 w. 1908. (In Engineering
news, V.60, p.179.)
Editorial emphasizing need of central control in prevention of stream pollution and
in the designing and operation of disposal works.
Steams, Frederic P.
Disposal of sewage in Massachusetts. 1,800 w. 1888. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v.l8, p.i.)
Shows status of sewage disposal in 1888 and previous action of the state on this
question.

34 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Sweetman, G. Drysdale.
Natural methods for the purification of water-carried sewage.
8,000 w. 12 dr. 1899. (In Transactions of the Institution of Junior
Engineers, v.io, p.53.)
Reviews sewage treatment methods by broad irrigation, intermittent filtration, contact
beds, continuous filtration and in septic tanks.
Thresh, John C.
Standards for sewage effluents. 1,500 w. 1910. (In Engineering
record, v.6i, p.185.)
From paper before the Association of Managers of Sewage Disposal Works of
England.
Discusses standards and considers that suggested by Prof. Phelps the best, the
tinting of the effluent in a small stoppered bottle with methylene blue. The length of
time before the blue color disappears indicates the relative stability of the effluent.
Tidy, C. Meymott.
Treatment of sewage. 45.000 w. 1886. (In Journal of the Society
of Arts, v.34, P-I127.)
Discussion, v.34, p.664; v.35, P-4i> 7Z-
The same, condensed. 11,000 w. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering
magazine, v.35, P-i)
Reviews at considerable length the whole question, taking up each method then
(1886) used.
Treatment and utilization of sewage. 6,000 w. 1869. (In Van Nostrand's
eclectic engineering magazine, v.i, p.1033.)
Abstract of report to the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Statistics are given as to systems of sewerage in use in England and other countries.
Trenton (N. J.)—Common council—Committee on sewage disposal.
Report of the special committee appointed to investigate the question
of a sewage disposal plant for the city of Trenton, N. J. 44 p. 1909.
Pamphlet outlining methods of sewage disposal and describing practice at Providence,
R. I., Worcester and Brockton, Mass., Saratoga and Ballston Spa, N. Y. and
Reading, Pa. Advocates adoption of "a method whose principal feature is the sprinkling
filter."
Tuttle, F. W.
Problems to be solved in the treatment of Hyde Park [Kan.] sewage.
4,000 w. 1893. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
V.12, p.501.)
Discusses possible methods and favors broad irrigation or intermittent filtration or
the two methods combined.
Valentine, A. H.
Distillation of sewage sludge. 600 w. 1910. (In Journal of the Society
of Chemical Industry, v.29, pt.i. p.244.)
Abstract, describing experiments of the author to determine character of the products
of distillation, nature of the residue, and conditions for obtaining best results.
Vincey, Paul.
fipuration biologique des eaux d'egout; degroissage mecanique et
fosses septiques, champ d'epandage et lits artificiel. 16,000 w. Diag.
1907. (In Bulletin de la Societe d'encouragement pour I'industrie
nationale, v.109, pt.2, p.1343.)
Discusses purification of sewage as taking place in septic tanks, sewage farms and
artificial beds, giving special attention to careful experiments carried out at Paris and
Lille, France, and Columbus, Ohio.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 35
Vrooman, Morrell.
Sewage disposal. 8,000 w. 1904. (In Bulletin of the League of
American Municipalities, v.2, p.72.)
General review of development and demands of the subject and of methods of
disposal.
Waring, George E. jr.
Disposal of sewage. 3,000 w. 1884. (In Public health, v.io, p.174.)
General discussion of sewage application to the soil, either for irrigation or filtration.
Waring, George E. jr.
Sewage disposal. 4,000 w. 1894. (In Engineering record, v.29,
p.222, 288; v.30, p.7, 26.)
Includes brief summary of four methods.
Warington, Robert.
Some practical aspects of recent investigations on nitrification.
5,000 w. 1882. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, V.30, p.532.)
Discussion, 3,000 w.
Includes consideration of the nature of the purifying action of soil on sewage, and
the successive steps.
Watson, John D.
Drainage of a country house. 6,000 w. 1910. (In Canadian engineer,
V. 18, p.270. 293.)
The same, condensed. 3,500 w. (In Engineering record, v.6o, p.681.)
Paper before the Institute of Sanitary Engineers.
Outlines preliminary investigations to be carried on and gives information on us2
of septic tanks, contact beds and percolating filters.
Watson, W. M.
O-xygen •;ystem of sewage purification. 700 w. 1898. (In Canadian
engineer, v.5, p.346.)
System of the Sewage Purification Company of Dublin, Ireland, in which oxygen
for oxidation of micro-organisms is supplied by addition of sodium nitrate.
Webster, George S.
Sewage purification works visited in Europe. 3,500 w. 1909. (In
Proceedings of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, v.26, p.48.)
Reviews five methods of sewage treatment observed in European practice, with
brief comment on their applications.
West Riding rivers. 35,000 w. 1906. (In Engineering, v.8i, p.70, 176,
236, 298, 374. 442, 606, 746, 814.)
Detailed history of the disposal of the sewage of Bradford, England.
Wike, Charles F.
Experiments in sewage treatment at Sheffield [England]. 2,000 w.
1903. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.24, P-5I5-)
Experiments indicate that satisfactory purification can be obtained by simple settlement
of sewage, followed by treatment in double contact beds.
Wilson, Elmina T.
Disposal of sewage. 6,000 w. 19 dr. 1906. (In his Modern conveniences
for the farm home. Farmers bulletin, no.270, p.22.)
The same, condensed. 1,800 w. (In Metal worker, v.67, April 27, p.54.)
Describes disposal by surface and sub-surface irrigation and by filtration through
prepared beds.

36 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory.
Disposal of sewage. 4,500 w. 1907. (In Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Contributions from the Sanitary research laboratory and
sewage experiment station, v.4.)
Paper before the gth annual school for instruction of health officers, Burlington, Vt.
Reviews modern methods, indicating degree of success attained.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory.
Scientific disposal of city sewage; historical development and
present status of the problem. 7,000 w. 1905. (In Technology quarterly,
V.18, p.317-)
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment station,
V.3-)
Traces development of sewage disposal by methods in use.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory.
Winter visit to some sewage disposal plants in Ohio, Wisconsin and
Illinois. 6,600 w. 10 ill. 1905. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.34, P-335-)
Discussion, 2,500 w.
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment
station, v.3.)
Briefly describes plants and results of operation. Particular attention to septic
tank treatment followed by contact or intermittent filtration.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory, & Phelps, E. B.
Experiments on the purification of Boston sewage, 1903-05. 4,500 w.
1905. (In Public health, v.31, pt.i, p.l6.)
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment
station, v.3.)
Experiments with septic tank, intermittent sand filter and contact bed, with chemical
analyses of crude sewage and of effluent. Best results were obtained by treatment in
double contact beds.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory, & Phelps, E. B.
Investigations of the purification of Boston sewage, with a history
of the sewage-disposal problem. 163 p. 15 diag. 6 dr. 1906. (In
United States—Geological survey. Water-supply and irrigation papers,
no.185.)
Bibliography, p. 149.
Investigations at the sewage experiment station of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology on methods using septic tanks, sand and contact filters.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory, & Phelps, E. B.
New sewage experiment station of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. 2,200 w. 3 dr. 2 ill. 1910. (In Engineering news, v.63,
p.652.)
Describes experimental equipment, including distributing tank, three trickling filters,
septic tank, sand filter, sedimentation tank for effluents and a Dibdin slate bed.
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory, & Phelps, E. B.
Purification of Boston sewage; experimental results and practical

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 37
Winslow, Charles-Edward Amory, & Phelps, E. B.—continued.
possibilities. 6,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.40, p.28.)
Discussion, p.297.
The same, condensed. 2,200 w. (In Engineering record, v.56, p.607.)
Describes experiments at the sewage experiment station of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology with septic tanks and sprinkling filters. If further purification is
desired, disinfection by addition of chlorid of lime is recommended.
Wurl, Wilhelm.
Maschinelle abwasser-reinigungs-anlagen. 7,000 w. 35 dr. 19 ill.
1910. (In Glaser's annalen fiir gewerbe und bauwesen, v.66, p.113.)
\'ery fully illustrated account of mechanical devices in use at German sewage disposal
plants.
Treatment by Special Methods
Broad Irrigation
General
Agricultural use of sewage. 2,000 w. 1910. (In Municipal journal and
engineer, v.29, P-150-)
From paper by J. A. Volecker before the Association of Managers of Sewage Disposal
Works.
Considers sewage and sewage sludge to be of doubtful value as a fertilizer.
Allen, Charles A.
Sewage disposal. 6,000 w. 1888. (In Transactions of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, v.i8, p.8.)
Discussion, 7,000 w.
Reviews briefly history of sewage purification in England, mainly by irrigation.
Considers application of similar methods in Worcester, Mass., and effect of the low
temperature in winter.
Barlow, Crawford.
London sewage question. 7,500 w. 1890. (In Iron, v.36, p.142, 162.)
Paper before the Association of Municipal and Sanitary Engineers and Surveyors.
Reviews suggested methods of disposal. Considers methods in use at Paris and
Berlin, and favors land disposal at London.
Bazalgette, C. Norman.
Sewage question. 56 p. 2 folding pi. 1877. (In Minutes of proceedings
of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.48, p.105.)
Discussion, v.48, p.160; v.49, P-i75- 130 P-
The same, without discussion. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering
magazine, v.17, p.106, 213.)
Reviews and classifies systems of disposal, with conclusion that for cities not
situated on the seaboard or on tidal rivers broad irrigation is the best method.
Carpenter, Alfred.
Utilisation of town sewage by irrigation. 16,000 w. 1887. (In Journal
of the Society of Arts, v.35, p.221.)
Discussion.
Reply to paper by Tidy. Author favors sewage irrigation and gives much valuable
information as to results obtained by it.
Davies, A. M. & Tyndale, W. C.
Sewage disposal on chalk soils. 5,500 w. 1904. (In Journal of the
Royal Sanitary Institute, v.25, p.643.)
Considers value of chalk as a filtering material in cases of sewage farming.

38 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Hope, W.
Can sewage be utilised as well as purified? 4,300 w. 1876. (In
Journal of the Society of Arts, v.24, p.624.)
Argues that "complete purification and complete utilisation necessarily go hand
in hand."
Janin, George.
Purification of sewage by means of the soil. 5,400 w. 2 folding pi.
1900. (In Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers,
v.14, p.47-)
Discusses theory of soil purification of sewage and describes the Paris sewage
farms and the farm of St. Laurent College.
Jones, Alfred Stowell.
Vital difference between well-managed and neglected sewage farms.
2,000 w. 1894. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, V.15, p.628.)
Latham, Baldwin.
Utilisation of sewage. 15,000 w. 1866. (In Transactions of the Society
of Engineers, v.6, p.68.)
Discussion.
Gives instances of results obtained from applying sewage to irrigation purposes.
Lawes, J. B. & Gilbert, J. H.
On the composition, value and utilization of town sewage. 18,000 w.
1866. (In Journal of the Chemical Society of London, v.19, p.8o.)
Considers the crops to which sewage is best adapted and shows results from its use
in broad irrigation.
Management of sewage farms. 1,900 w. 1900. (In Engineering record,
v.42, p. 108.)
Review of paper by H. Royle before the Association of Municipal and County
Engineers.
Gives suggestions for arrangement and operation of farms, based on author's extensive
experience.
Rafter, George W.
Sewage irrigation. 200 p. 111. 1897. (In United States—Geological
Survey. Water-supply and irrigation papers, no.3, 22.)
"Publications relating to sewage utilization and disposal," no.22, p.89-98.
Brief review of advantages of different systems of disposal. Describes sewage
farms operated in Europe and America.
Raising crops on sewage filter beds. 1,500 w. 1896. (In Engineering
news, V.3S, p.391.)
Shows results obtained at Pullman, 111., Berlin, Ont. and South Framingham, Mass.
Roechling, H. Alfred.
Present status of sewage irrigation in Europe and America. 5,500 w.
2 folding pi. 1896. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.17, p.483.)
Discussion.
Scoble, Herbert T.
Land treatment of sewage; a digest of the reports made to the
Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal by their specially-appointed
officers. 76 p. [1909.]
Reprinted from the "Surveyor and municipal and county engineer."
This commission was appointed in 1898 to investigate methods of sewage disposal.
The reports here considered deal with eight selected typical sewage farms conducted
under varying local conditions. Comparison not given. Value is in exhaustive information
relating to each separately.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 39
Scott, Henry Y. D.
On the effects of the long-continued application of sewage water to
the same land. 4,600 w. 1879. (In Transactions of the Sanitary Institute
of Great Britain, v.i, p.150.)
Sewage and irrigation works in Germany. 4,500 w. 1878. (In Builder,
v.36, p.1267.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.20,
p.262.)
Gives results of operation of works at Danzig and briefly describes the Berlin plant
under construction.
Some observations of sewage farming in England. 3,800 w. 1904. (In
Engineering news, v.51, p.385.)
Editorial discussion and description of three sewage farms.
Swan, Charles H.
Notes on European practice in sewage disposal. 3,400 w. 1888. (In
Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.7, p.248.)
Shows favorable results of sewage irrigation at Berlin, Paris and in British towns.
Tucker, William C.
Sewage disposal system for a country-house. 700 w. i pi. 1902.
(In American architect, v.75, P-61.)
Method of disposal is by sedimentation and irrigation.
Use of sewage for irrigation in the West. 2,000 w. 1893. (In Engineering
news, v.29, p. 180.)
Editorial review of extent and value of sewage irrigation in the Western states.
Waring, George E. jr.
Area needed for sewage disposal by irrigation. 2,600 w. 1894. (In
Engineering news, v.31, p.143.)
Waring, George E. jr.
Partial purification of sewage. 2,000 w. 1894. (In Engineering
news, V.31, p.15.)
Partial purification only is obtained by chemical precipitation methods. Purification
by irrigation can be carried to the same degree, with considerable reduction of cost.
Waring, George E. jr.
Sewage disposal. 36 p. 3 folding pi. 1896. (In his Sewerage and
land-drainage, ed.4, P-229.)
Describes several American sewage irrigation works constructed by the author.
Waring, George E. jr.
Sewage disposal at Wayne, Pa. 2,500 w. i dr. 2 ill. 1892. (In
American architect, v.37, P-5-)
Satisfactory purification by surface irrigation.
Watson, W. M.
Purification of sewage by irrigation. 1,700 w. 1898. (In Canadian
engineer, v.6, p.151.)
Explains principles of sewage irrigation and claims that its success as a method of
disposal has been more apparent than real.
Watson, W. M.
Purification of sewage by mixing with pure water. 1,300 w. 1898.
(In Canadian engineer, v.6, p.160.)
Includes brief consideration of dangers of sewage farms.

40 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Individual Farms
Aldershot Camp sewage farm. 5,000 w. 3 dr. 2 ill. 1900. (In Engineering,
v.70, p.693.)
Describes successful British sewage farm, emphasizing importance of careful supervision
as shown in its past history of 45 years.
Allin, T. D.
Pasadena, Cal. sewer farm. 2,200 w. 1905. (In Engineering record,
V.51, p.154.)
Describes a farm very successful from both the sanitary and the financial point of
view.
Bassell, Burr.
Operation of the Los Angeles outfall sewer and sewage irrigation.
7,800 w. 1897. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
V.19, p.45.)
Contains information on results of operation of sewage farms at Los Angeles and
Pasadena.
Bechmann & Launay.
Notice sur I'etat actuel de I'assainissement de Paris. 20,000 w.
1895. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser. 7, v.g, p.257.)
Considerable space devoted to description of sewage farms of Paris.
Bechmann & Launay.
Notice sur les travaux de I'aqueduc et du pare agricole d'Acheres.
70,000 w. I diag. 20 dr. 1897. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees,
memoires, ser. 7, v.13, 2e trimestre, p.6.)
Detailed description of disposal system of Paris, including short account of sewage
farms at Acheres.
Broad irrigation sewage farm at Fresno, California. 1,500 w. 3 ill
1908. (In Engineering record, v.58, p.207.)
Preliminary treatment of sewage in septic tank.
Carpenter, Alfred.
Financial account of the Beddington sewage farm. 2,000 w. 1876
(In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.24, P-614.)
Describes results under poor management.
Claye, Alfred Durand.
L'assainissement de la Seine. 10,000 w. 1885. (In Annales des
ponts et chaussees, memoires, ser. 6, v.io, p.477.)
The same, abstract translation. 750 w. (In Engineering news, v.13,
P-391-)
Shows successful results of experiments in broad irrigation with Paris sewage at
Gennevilliers.
Diversion and purification of the sewage of Paris. 2,800 w. I dr. 1899.
(In Engineer, London, v.88, p.510.)
Shows status of sewage irrigation in 1899.
Dumas, A.
fitat actuel de l'assainissement-de Paris. 8,500 w. 9 dr. I pi. 1896.
(In Le Genie civil, v.28, p.260, 277.)
Includes description of sewage farms of Paris at Gennevilliers, giving extent and
cost of maintenance.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 41
EUithorpe, Robert H.
Disposal of sewage by irrigation. 1,700 w. 8 ill. 1909. (In Engineering
review, New York, v.19, April, p.33.)
Considers chiefly sewage farm at Fresno, Cal.
fitat actuel de l'assainissement de Paris; inauguration des travaux
d'achevement. 3,200 w. 5 dr. 1899. (In Le Genie civil, v.35, p.188.)
Gives history of disposal of sewage of Paris by broad irrigation methods since 1895,
showing extent of sewage farms and method of distribution.
Flagg. J- Foster.
Progress made in the purification of the sew.age of Paris. 5,000 w.
I dr. 1896. (In Engineering record, v.35, P.5-)
Letter giving details concerning operation of sewage farms of Paris.
Fuertes, James H.
Notes on the Berlin sewage farms. 600 w. 5 dr. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.40, p.30.)
Fuertes, James H.
Sewerage of Nottingham, Eng. 1,300 w. 2 dr. 1898. (In Engineering
record, v.38, p. 142.)
Sewage is applied very successfully to broad irrigation.
Harvey, T. Fletcher.
Merthyr sewage farms. 3,000 w. 1908. (In Journal of the Royal
Sanitary Institute, v.29, p.648.)
Describes operation of successful sewage farm in England.
Hazen, Allen.
Visit to a new sewage farm at Berlin, i diag. gill. 1897. (In
Engineering news, v.38, p.178.)
Farm receives all of Berlin's sewage. Description of distribution systems and statement
of average cost of preparing land.
Holder, Charles F.
Scientific disposition of sewage. 1,700 w. 1904. (In Scientific American,
V.105, p.278.)
Describes successful results from broad irrigation at Pasadena, Cal. Special success
was found with an English walnut crop.
King, George.
Irrigation with town sewage. 10,000 w. 1865. (In Transactions of
the Society of Engineers, v.5, p.io6.)
Detailed description of sewage irrigation as practiced at Edinburgh, Scotland, considering
extent, costs and results.
Launay, F.
Note sur l'assainissement de la ville de Berlin en 1894. 14,000 w.
3 folding pi. 1895. (In Annales des ponts et chaussees, memoires,
ser.7, V.IO, p.257.)
Detailed study of operation of sewage farms of Berlin and results obtained.
Marten, Edward Dimmack.
On the sewage and sewage disposal works of the borough of Dudley-
3,500 w. 2 dr. 1891. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution
of Civil Engineers, v.104, p.238.)
Describes a satisfactory case of sewage irrigation.

42 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Mohun, E.
Sewage disposal at provincial gaol, Victoria, B.C. i,ioow. 4 dr.
1903. (In Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers,
V.I7, p.432.)
Successful sewage farm is maintained, with previous treatment of sewage in septic
tank.
Muller, Alexander.
Effluent from the Berlin sewage-irrigation works. 1,800 w. 1886.
(In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.35, p.37-)
From "Gesundheits-ingenieur."
Chemical tests show effluent to be quite impure.
New sewage farm for the St. Denis ward of Montreal. 800 w. 2 dr.
1900. (In Engineering news, v.43, P-S4-)
Pakes, W. C. C.
Johannesburg municipal sewage scheme from a biochemical point
of view. 5,000 w. 1906. (In Journal of the Chemical, Metallurgical
and Mining Society of South Africa, v.6, p.241.)
Discussion, 2,500 w.
Considerable attention to condition of the effluent from the septic tank, and possibilities
of success of broad irrigation.
Pearson, S. F.
Pasadena sewer farm. 2,000 w. 5 ill. 1906. (In Municipal journal
and engineer, v.20, p.385.)
Describes very satisfactory sewage farm, on which principal crop is walnuts.
Present condition of sewage disposal at Paris. 1,000 w. 1899. (In
Engineering news, v.42, p.107.)
Outlines progress in applying sewage of Paris to irrigation farms.
Reflections on sewage farming suggested by experiences at Reading,
England. 3,000 w. 1905. (In Engineering news, v.54, P-5IS-)
Editorial discussion of method of operation and cost of the Reading farm, and
results from it.
Report on the experiments made in Paris on the application and purification
of sewage. 2,300 w. 1869. (In Engineer, London, v.28, p.16.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.2,
P-IS5-)
Richards, Ellen H. & Moulton, C. W.
Ten years' experience with broad irrigation at Vassar College.
1,600 w. I dr. 2 ill. 1906. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.36, p.148.)
Describes successful sewage farm.
Roechling, H. Alfred.
Sewage farms of Berlin. 20,000 w. 3 maps. 1892. (In Minutes of
proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.109, p.i79.)
Discussion, 18,000 w.
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.26, p.157.)
Detailed description of operation and working of "the largest and most successful
sewage-farms in the world."
Septic tank and broad irrigation for sewage disposal at the provincial
jail, Victoria, B.C. 500 w. 3 dr. 1904. (In Engineering news, v.51,
P-199-)

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 43
Sewage disposal at a leper asylum. 3,500 w. 2 dr. 1901. (In Engineer,
London, v.92, p.371.)
Describes successful sewage farm at Bombay, India, with previous septic treatment.
Sewage farm of Acheres, Paris. 3,500 w. 1898. (In Engineering news,
v.39, P-170.)
Satisfactory results have been obtained on this immense farm.
Smith, Jonah Walker.
Sewerage and sewage disposal of Burton-upon-Trent. 4,300 w. 4 dr.
1899. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
V.146, p.262.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.45, p.8i.)
Sewage particularly offensive from presence of brewery wastes. Treatment is by
addition of lime and application to a sewage farm.
Tainturier, C.
Le tout a I'egout et l'assainissement de la Seine. 14,000 w. 18 dr.
4 ill. 1894. (In Le Genie civil, v.24, p.182, 196, 225.)
Reviews history of sewage question at Paris and shows advantages from adoption
of broad irrigation system of disposal.
Target, Felix.
On the main drainage of Paris and the utilisation of its sewage.
13,000 w. 1878. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, v.53, P-I93-)
Includes description of sewage farms of Paris in 1878.
Till, W. S.
Sewage-farm at Saltley, England. 3,800 w. 1886. (In Sanitary
record, v.14, p.444, 500.)
Paper before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Williams, Benezette.
Pullman sewerage. 4,500 w. i folding pi. 1882. (In Journal of the
Association of Engineering Societies, v.i, p.311.)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.14, p.5595.)
Information concerning irrigation farm at Pullman, 111., the first of its kind in
America.
Chemical Precipitation Only-
General
A. B. C. process. 5,500 w. 1872-73. (In Engineering, v.14, p.394, 440;
V.15, p.I2.)
The same, condensed. 3,000 w. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering
magazine, v.8, p.156, 226.)
Process in which precipitant consists of ^ mixture of alum, blood, clay and charcoal.
Precipitate to be used as fertilizer.
Adeney, W. E.
Recent advances in the bacterio-chemical study of sewage and other
polluted waters. 8,000 w. 1896. (In Engineering, v.6i, p.728, 762.)
Paper before the Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland.
Discusses processes of fermentation and nitrification that take place in sewage,
concluding that putrefaction can be prevented by supplying the polluted water with a
sufficient amount of oxygen by the addition of nitrate of soda.

44 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Adeney, W. E.
Recent advances in the bacterio-chemical study of sewage and polluted
waters. 3,000 w. 1898. (In Engineering, v.66, p.277.)
Paper before the Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland.
Treats of use of manganese precipitants that will prevent after-putrefaction in
sewage sludge.
Allen, Kenneth.
Treatment of the effluent from sewage precipitation works. 3,400 w.
1897. (In Municipal engineering, v.13, P-I25-)
Reviews methods in use in various towns in Great Britain, with information
on materials used in constructing filter beds.
Barrow, J.
Purification of sewage by precipitation. 1,200 w. 1892. (In Journal
of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.il, p.4.)
Describes experimental work on the action on sewage of a new precipitant, "clarine,"
consisting mainly of a basic ferric chlorid-
Chemical precipitation of sewage. 1,200 w. 1891. (In Engineering
record, v.24, p.169.)
Information from report of Massachusetts state board of health on amount of
precipitant to be added and the precipitant giving the best results.
Crimp, W. Santo.
Filter-presses for the treatment of sewage sludge. 5,000 w. 10 dr.
1887. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
v.88, p.175.)
Discussion.
The same, condensed. 900 w. (In Engineer, London, v.63, p.158.)
Claims that filter press should be used in disposing of sludge and that resulting
cakes are valuable as fertilizing material.
Croll, James.
Filter presses for sewage sludge. 5,500 w. 9 dr. 1897. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.37, p.121.)
Flagg. J- Foster.
English sewage treatment works. 3,200 w. 6 dr. 1892. (In Engineering
record, v.25, p.76.)
Describes from personal observations operation of works at Coventry, Kingston,
Hendon, Acton and London. Precipitation methods generally in use.
Godfrey, R.
"Amines process" of sewage treatment. 3,200 w. 1889. (In Transactions
of the Sanitary Institute, v.io, p.203.)
Discussion, 3,200 w.
Consists in the addition of a precipitating and deodorizing agent, formed by mixture
of herring brine with milk of lime. Author reports successful working.
Grossmann, J.
Treatment and disposal of town sewage. 3,000 w. 1898. (In Journal
of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.17, p.421.)
Compares bacteriological and precipitation methods of treatment. Believes that
cost can be greatly reduced by use of lime as precipitant.
Harris, John.
Chemical disposition of sewage. 1,500 w. 1884. (In Public health,
V.IO, p.267.)
Favors Hille's method, using lime, magnesium chlorid and coal tar.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 45
Hazen, Allen.
Chemical precipitation of sewage. 7,000 w. 1891. (In Journal of
the Association of Engineering Societies, v.io, p.385.)
Gives results of experiments at the Lawrence (Mass.) Experiment Station, using
lime, copperas, ferric salts and aluminium salts as precipitants.
Hutchinson, Christopher Clarke.
On the disposal of sewage sludge. 6,500 w. 2 diag. 3 dr. 1884. (In
Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.3, p.41.)
Regards as most efficient the use of filter presses, preceded by precipitation with
sulphate of alumina and milk of lime.
Keith, W.
Phosphate Sewage Company's process. 700 w. 1876. (In Journal
of the Society of Arts, v.24, P-631.)
Precipitants used are phosphates of alumina and lime.
Law, Herbert Henry.
Treatment of sewage by cheinicals in perfect solution. 3,000 w.
I dr. 1896. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.17, p.475.)
Discussion, p.495.
Considers adding of lime in form of mixture known as "cream of lime" unsatisfactory.
By use of saturated solutions exact quantity of precipitant added could be
known.
Learned, Wilbur F.
Some facts about the chemical treatment of Mystic sewage. 2,500 w.
1888. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.7, p.244.)
Sewage contained large amount of organic matter from tanneries. Crude sulphate
of ammonia used as precipitant.
Moor, C. G.
On a new method of disposal of sewage, with some references to
schemes now in use. 2,000 w. 1891. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.32, p.13236.)
Abstract of paper before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Method consists in the distillation of the ammonia and its recovery from sewage
sludge.
Munro, John M. H.
Composition and manurial value of filter-pressed sewage sludge.
6,500 w. 1885. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.4,
P-12-)
Shows results obtained at Coventry, Leyton and West Ham, England.
Parry, W. Kaye.
Sewage purification without filtration. 1,600 w. 1899. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.20, p.632.)
Discussion, 1,100 w.
Argues in favor of Adeney's method and gives figures of cost.
Parry, W. Kaye.
True principles of sewage purification. 4,500 w. 1898. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.i8, p.53i-)
Discussion, p.576.
Gives details of investigations of Adeney for purifying sewage by addition of nitrate
of soda to supply oxygen.

46 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Parsons, H. de B.
Sewage disposal. 2,800 w. 1899. (In Stevens Institute indicator,
V.16, p.21.)
Gives conditions for the natural purification of sewage and describes operations of
chemical precipitation method.
Rawson, C.
ABC process for treating sewagf, Native Guano Company. 2,000 w.
1876. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.24, p.634.)
Describes process claimed to be successful in treatment of sewage and in producing
valuable fertilizer. Precipitant consists of mixture of alum, blood, clay and charcoal.
Raymond, J. H.
Treatment of sewage by chlorine, precipitation and sedimentation.
7,000 w. 6 dr. 1890. (In Public health, V.16, p.132.)
Process consists of adding successively milk of lime, ferric chlorid and chlorin.
Gives attention to cost of treatment.
Robinson, Henry.
Sewage disposal. 6,000 w. 1879. (In Transactions of the Society
of Engineers, v.19, P-I97)
Points to chemical precipitation by sulphate of alumina and lime as the most effective
method, with subsequent land disposal.
Savage, Edward B.
Sewerage and sewage disposal of a small town. 78 p. n. d.
Reprint of articles from the "Contract journal."
Includes chapter on precipitation methods.
Scott, Henry Y. D.
On a new mode of dealing with sewage precipitates. 6,400 w. 1872.
(In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.20, p.547.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.7,
p.206.)
Advocates use of lime and clay as precipitant and the conversion of the slush into
cement.
Sewage purification and the ABC process vindicated. 2,400 w. 1885.
(In Quarterly journal of science, v.22, p.473.)
Opposes report by Royal Rivers Pollution Commission and cites report by Professors
Dewar and Tidy.
Sewage sludges. 2,000 w. 1899. (In Engineering record, v.39, P-209.)
Reviews work of W. E. Adeney to prevent after-putrefaction of sludges by supplying
sufficient oxygen by addition of manganese peroxid.
Solution of the sewage problem. 8,000 w. 1873. (In Quarterly journal
of science, v.io, p.55.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.8,
p.429.)
Reviews methods in use (1873) and favors A. B. C. process.
Watson, W. M.
Sewage disposal. 2,000 w. 5 dr. 1897. (In Canadian engineer,
v.4, p.323.)
Reviews chemical methods of purifying sewage and concludes that none is thoroughly
efficient by itself.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 47
Whittbread's sewage process. 1,500 w. 1873. (In Engineering, v.i6,
P-33-)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.g,
P-315-)
Consists in use as precipitant of calcium phosphates and milk of lime. Precipitate
to be of use as fertilizer.
Individual Plants
Alvord, John W.
Purification of sewage in England.
engineering, v.14, p.262.)
2,000 w. 1900. (In Municipal
Paper before the Illinois Society of Engineers and Surveyors.
Describes method in use at Acton, England,
^'ferozone" was followed.
where chemical precipitation ny
Bacillite sewage disposal at Hanley, England. 800 w. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.39, P-385-)
Sewage is treated with lime and ferrous chlorid, and the effluent is treated with
carbonic acid gas and carbolic steam and passed over a small plot of ground.
Barrow, E. G.
Sewage disposal by chemical precipitation at Hamilton, Ont. 900 w.
I dr. 1897. (In Engineering news, v.37, p.62.)
Lime and sulphate of alumina are used as precipitants.
Bennett, William B. G.
Description of the Southampton sewage precipitation works and
refuse destructor. 3,000 w. 7 pi. 1892. (In Proceedings of the Institution
of IMechanical Engineers, v.43, P-354-)
The same, condensed. 2,400 w. (In Engineering news, v.28, p.198.)
Precipitant used was "ferrozone." Sewage sludge was at first incinerated but later
used for fertilizing purposes.
Bennett, William B. G.
New sewerage and sewage disposal works of the borough of Southampton.
5,000 w. I map. 1900. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute,
V.21, p.97.)
Treatment consists of precipitation with aluminoferric.
Canton, O. sewerage system. 2,400 w. 8 dr. 1893. (In Engineering
record, v.28, p.27.)
Description of works, with methods of adding chemicals.
Chapin, L. E.
Sewage disposal works. Canton, Ohio. 4,000 w. 3 dr. 3 ill. 1894.
(In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.13, P-115)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.37, p.15349.)
Method of disposal is by precipitation with lime and alum. Resulting sludge is
pressed in filter presses and utilized as fertilizer.
Chautauqua sewage disposal works. 1,400 w. 2 dr. 1894. (In Engineering
record, v.30, p.58.)
Method consists of screening, precipitation with lime and alum, and the filter,
pressing of the sludge.
Chemical sewage treatment, Brooklyn, N. Y. 800 w. i dr. 1899. (In
Engineering record, v.39, p.378.)
Powers system in use for part of city. Lime, ferric chlorid and chlorin used as
precipitants.

48 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Chemical treatment of sewage at New Rochelle, N. Y. 700 w. 1898.
(In Engineering record, v.2,7, p.453.)
Crimp, W. Santo.
Wimbledon [England] main drainage and sewage disposal works.
6,000 w. 1888. (In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.28, p.73.)
Discussion, 8,000 w. . . j
Method of disposal consists of precipitation with lime and aluminoferric, and
application of effluent to irrigation.
East Molesey drainage and sewage disposal works. 2,000 w. 7 dr. 1895.
(In Engineering, v.6o, p.763.)
Briefly describes arrangement of disposal plant for chemical precipitation, with
provision for filtration, if found desirable.
Eddy, Harrison P.
Sewage disposal at Worcester, Mass. 2,200 w. 1894. (In Journal
of the American Chemical Society, v.i6, p.682.)
Outlines facts leading up to adoption and operation of chemical precipitation plant.
Gives table showing degree of purification.
Fuertes, James H.
London sewage disposal. 1,600 w. 1898. (In Engineering record,
v.38, p.275.)
Treatment consists in chemical precipitation at two stations separately by lime and
ferrous sulphate. Resulting sludge disposed of at sea.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Chichester, England. 900 w. 6 dr. 1900. (In
Engineering record, v.41, p.129.)
Chemical precipitation by lime and sulphate of alumina, followed by land disposal
of the effluent.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Friern Barnet, England. 1,700 w. 3 dr. 1898.
(In Engineering record, v.38, p.429.)
Description of plant presenting many interesting features, precipitating the suspended
matter by addition of lime and aluminoferric cakes. Precipitation is followed
by intermittent filtration of the effluent.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Lincoln, England. 1,100 w. i dr. 1899. (In
Engineering record, v.40, p.699.)
Sewage treated with "ferozone," passed through polarite filters and the effluent
applied to irrigation purposes.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Manchester, England. 1,400 w. 2 dr. 1899. (In
Engineering record, v.40, p.626.)
Describes plant at which sewage is treated with lime and ferrous sulphate. Report
of commission of experts is given, in abstract, recommending use of two sets of contact
beds, after preliminary sedimentation.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Newport, Isle of Wight. 700 w. 7 dr. 1898. (In
Engineering record, v.37, P-429-)
Method of disposal is by precipitation with lime and ferrous sulphate or aluminoferric
cakes.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 49
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal, Kingston-on-the-Thames, England. 1,100 w. 9 dr.
1899. (In Engineering record, v.39, P-424.)
Modification of A. B. C. process, using charcoal, clay and alum as precipitating
mixture.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage treatment at Acton, England. 600 w. 2 dr. 1900. (In
Engineering record, v.41, p.418.)
Chemical precipitation with "ferozone" and filtration through polarite.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewerage of Ealing, England. 700 w. 2 dr. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.41, p.370.)
Precipitation by lime, clay and sulphate of alumina. Sludge mixed with house
refuse and burned in destructors.
Gerhard, William Paul.
Sewage purification at Frankfort-on-Main. 4,500 w. 3 dr. 1885.
(In Engineering news, v.14, P-II4-)
-Abstract translation of report of the chief engineer.
Proposal to adopt use of sedimentation basins and chemical precipitation by sulphate
of alumina.
Hamilton [Ont.] sewage disposal v/orks. 1,500 w. 8 dr. 1897. (In
Canadian engineer, v.4, p.252.)
Describes arrangement of precipitation plant.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker, & Eddy, H. P.
Purification of the sewage of Worcester, Mass. by chemical precipitation.
2.000 w. I dr. 1891. (In Journal of analytical and applied
chemistry, v.5, p.544.)
Landreth, William B.
Chautauqua, N. Y. sewage disposal works. 3,000 w. 2 dr. 2 ill.
1894. (In Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
v.32, p.i.)
Chemical precipitation works, using lime and alum. Gives costs of operation and
materials, and physical and chemical results.
Melliss, C. J.
Treatment of sewage according to the processes of the General
Sewage and Manure Company, Limited, at Coventry, Nuneaton and
Kenilworth, in the county of Warwick. 2,000 w. 1876. (In Journal of
the Society of Arts, v.24, p.628.)
Sewage is strained mechanically, treated with sulphate of alumina and lime and the
effluent passed onto filter beds. Sludge is pressed and partially dried by heating.
Parsons, H. de B.
Sewage precipitation works of New Rochelle, N. Y. 1,200 w. 5 dr.
I ill. 1899. (In Stevens Institute indicator, v.i6, p.138.)
Precipitation works at the Barking sewage outfall. 3,100 \v. 10 dr.
1887. (In Engineer, London, v.63, p.83, 109.)
Illustrated description of extensive works for purifying London sewage by precipitation
with lime and a sulphate of iron.

50 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Richardson, F. W.
Bradford sewage and its treatment. 4,200 w. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.42, p.544.)
Paper before the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
Sewage is very complex owing to great amount of liquor from woolen mills. Experiments
are being tried (1900) in treating the wool-suds before entrance into sewers.
Experimental treatment of the main sewage has been tried with various precipitants.
Best results were obtained with basic ferric sulphate.
Richou, G.
fipuration des eaux d'egout; combinaison d'un procede chimique et
de la methode biologique a Wenduyne (Belgique); procede chimique
Bayer employe a Briinn. 2,500 w. 1902. (In Le Genie civil, v.41, p.317.)
Describes process at Wenduyne, Belgium, where sewage is treated with the double
sulphate of iron and aluminium and with lime, and the Bayer process .used at Briinn,
Austria.
Sewage at Aylesbury. 800 w. 1885. (In Builder, v.48, p.857.)
The same. (In Engineering news, v.14, p.49.)
Describes series of experiments by Professors Dewar and Tidy showing A. B. C.
process to be effective.
Sewage disposal at ."s.lliance, Ohio. 1,800 w. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.41, p.31.)
Description of precipitation plant, analyses of sewage and effluent, and cost of
maintenance.
Sewage disposal at Hebden Bridge [England]. 1,500 w. 8 dr. 1903.
(In Engineer, London, v.96, p.397.)
Describes installations for chemical treatment and filtration of sewage.
Sewage disposal at Worcester, Mass. 3,400 w. 8 dr. 1891. (In Engineering
record, v.23, p.258.)
Sewage disposal at Worcester, Mass. 3,500 w. I diag. 12 dr. 1894.
(In Engineering record, v.29, p.107.)
Composition of sewage is unusual owing to regular discharge into sewers of quantities
of sulphuric and muriatic acids. This is utilized to replace some of the sulphate of
alumina as precipitant. Plant has been (1894) in successful operation for several years.
Sewage disposal at Worcester [Mass.]. 2,000 w. 5 ill. 1908. (In Municipal
journal and engineer, v.24, p.93.)
Part of the sewage is treated chemically and part on sand filters.
Sewage disposal system of Worcester, Massachusetts. 7,000 w. 8 dr.
2 ill. 1891. (In Manufacturer and builder, v.23, P-84-)
Sewage disposal works at Worcester, Mass. 4,200 w. 8 dr. 1890. (In
Engineering news, v.24, p.432.)
Describes details of operation of a plant at which the sewage is purified by chemical
precipitation. From information contained in report by city engineer, Charles .\. Allen.
Sewage precipitation works at Providence. 3,000 w. 5 dr. 1901. (In
Engineering record, v.43, P-4i6.)
Describes plant, first used in 1901, for precipitation with lime.
Sewerage of Providence, R.I. 5,500 w. 1887. (In Sanitary engineer,
V.15, p.134.)
Abstract of report by committee to examine and report on plans submitted. Recommendations
were for chemical precipitation.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 51
Tatham, George.
Leeds sewage treatment. 2,000 w. 1876. (In Journal of the Society
of Arts, v.24, p.632.)
Reviews methods of treating sewage, mainly by chemical methods, as proposed for
Leeds.
Unsuccessful sewage purification plant at Madison, Wis. 3,300 w.
2 diag. 1900. (In Engineering news, v.44, P-253.)
Review of report by F. E. Turneaure. Discusses results obtained at the plant, using
chemical precipitation, and gives suggestions as to course to be followed by the city in
accepting or remodeling the plant.
Watson, W. M.
Report on the precipitation system of sewage disposal in operation
at Hamilton, Ont. 2,500 w. 1898. (In Canadian engineer, v.6, p.39.)
Questions advisability of using lime as precipitant and considers manganese salts
or oxids or chlorids of iron. Considers precipitation methods very expensive.
WoUheim, Albert.
Foreign sewage precipitation works. 6,000 w. 1892. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.32, p.123.)
Discussion.
Briefly describes German works at Frankfort a. M. and at Dortmund, and American
works at Worcester. Mass.
Worcester sludge process. 1,400 w. 2 dr. 2 ill. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.41, p.370.)
Description of filter presses and process for pressing sludge at Worcester, Mass.
Disinfection, including Electrolytic Methods
Application of electricity to the sewage problems. 1,000 w. 1895. (In
Electricity, New York, v.9, p.254.)
Abstract of paper by John W. Langley before the Cleveland Council of Sociology.
Salt water is pumped through tanks and electrolyzed. Chlorin generated acts as
disinfectant.
Daniels, F. E.
Disinfection of sewage with chloride of lime. 2,500 w. 2 dr. 1909.
(In Journal of the Engineers' Society of Pennsylvania, v.i, p.391.)
Describes work carried on at Red Bank, N. J.
Digby, W. Pollard, & Shenton, H. C. H.
Prevention of the bacterial contamination of streams and oyster
beds. 10,000 w. 16 dr. 1906. (In Transactions of the Society of Engineers,
v.46, p.229.)
Discussion, i8 p.
Concerned especially with sterilization of sewage effluents by chlorin, with development
of different processes proposed and cost of application.
Disinfection of water and sewage. 1,800 w. 1910. (In Municipal journal
and engineer, v.28, p.173.)
Gives information from paper by Potts before the New Jersey Sanitary Association.
Brief review of knowledge to date on the subject.
Disinfection of water and sewage filter effluents. 3,000 w. 1910. (In
Engineering record, v.6i, p.8o.)
Reviews paper by Phelps before the Boston Society of Civil Engineers.

52 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Electrical purification of sewage. i,8oow. 1891. (In Engineering
record, v.23, p.i 14.)
Abstract of paper by Frank M. Gilley before the Society of Arts, Boston. Describes
experiments of Webster at Crossness, a suburb of London.
Electrical treatment of sewage. 1,600 w. 4 dr. 1889. (In Engineer,
London, v.67, p.261.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering news, v.21, p.338.)
Describes experiments of Webster at Crossness, where he successfully treated an
equivalent of 12,000 gallons of sewage per hour.
Hedenberg, W. L.
Future methods of sewage purification. 4,000 w. 1895. (In Engineering
magazine, v.io, p.76.)
Believes that purification by electricity has much promise. Describes Hermite and
Woolf systems and compares their cost with that of other methods.
Kellerman, Karl F. and others.
Disinfection of sewage effluents for the protection of public water
supplies. 47 p. 1907. (In United States—Bureau of plant industry.
Bulletin no.115.)
The same, condensed. 4,500 w. (In Engineering record, v.56, p.S47.)
Describes detailed experiments on efficiency and cost of disinfection of sewage
effluents by copper sulphate and by chlorin.
Napier, J.
Hermite process of deodorizing sewage at Ipswich. 1,600 w. 1895.
(In Scientific American supplement, v.40, p.16565.)
Paper before the British .\ssociation for the Advancement of Science.
Electrical process of purification. Sea water or a solution of chlorids is electrolyzed,
with formation of hypochlorite. This is added to the sewage at entrance to sewer.
Newcomb, Edwin L.
Copper sulphate as an adjunct to sewage disposal. 1,100 w. 1905.
(In Journal of the New England Water Works Association, v.19, p.573.)
Experiments on disinfection of the effluent from septic tanks and filter beds.
Parfitt, Walter E.
Sewage purification for the city of New York. 6,000 w. 9 dr.
I folding map. 1907. (In Proceedings of the Brooklyn Engineers'
Club, V.II, p.65.)
Discussion, 2.000 w.
Proposal to introduce into sewage hypochlorous acid gas under pressure, to sterilize
harmful germs and odors, oxidize polluting matter and precipitate solid organic
matter. Sludge to be mixed with a marl and sold as fertilizer.
Phelps, Earle B.
Disinfection of sewage and sewage effluents. 2,500 w. 1909. (In
IMunicipal engineering, v.37, P-365-)
Tlie same. (In Municipal journal and engineer, v.27, P-924-)
Paper before the American Society of Municipal Improvements.
Discusses conditions under which a disinfection method of treating the sewage is
advisable and considers cost.
Phelps, Earle B.
Disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter
on the putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents. 25,000 w. 2 dr.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 53
Phelps, Earle B.—continued.
1909. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions from
the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment station, v.5.J
The same. (In United States—Geological survey. Water-supply and
irrigation papers, no.229.)
The same, condensed. 8,000 w. (In Canadian engineer, v.i8, p.148,
174, 222.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering-contracting, v.32, p.125.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineering record, v.59, p.688.)
Very valuable record of investigations concerning the agents available for disinfection
and its cost. Describes practical experiments carried out at Boston, Red Bank, N. J.
and Baltimore. Concludes with a study of putrefaction. Full references to original
sources.
Phelps, Earle B.
Disinfection of water and sewage. 5,000 w. 1910. (In Proceedings
of the Engineers' Club of Philadelphia, v.27, p.135.)
Discussion, 2,400 w.
The same. (In Canadian engineer, v.i8, p.640.)
The same, condensed. 1,500 w. (In Engineering record, v.6i, p.646.)
"References," p.146.
Discusses conditions under which disinfection is advisable, with consideration of
cost when using chlorid of lime as disinfectant.
Phelps, Earle B.
Sterilization of sewage filter effluents. 600 w. 1907. (In Science,
v.48, p.808.)
Abstract of paper before the Society of American Bacteriologists.
Effluent from trickling filter was treated with bleaching powder and with copper
sulphate, better results being obtained with the former.
Phelps, Earle B. & Carpenter, W. T.
Sterilization of sewage-filter effluents. 8,000 w. 1906. (In Technology
quarterly, v.19, p.382.)
The same. (In Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Contributions
from the Sanitary research laboratory and sewage experiment
station, v.4.)
The same, condensed. 1,000 w. (In ^Municipal journal and engineer,
v.22, p.444-)
Gives data on efficiency and cost of sterilization by various proposed agents.
Professor Roscoe's reports on the deodorisation of the London sewage.
6,000 w. 1888. (In Builder, v.55, P-26.)
The same. (In Engineering and building record, v.i8, p.161, 173.)
Report by Sir Henry Roscoe to the Metropolitan Board of Works. Considers general
value of deodorization, and the disinfectant to be used.
Rideal, Samuel.
Application of electrolytic chlorine to sewage purification and deodorisation
by the "oxychlorides" process. 8,000 w. 6 diag. i ill. 1909-
(In Transactions of the Faraday Society, v.4, p.i79-)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Engineering, v.87, p.222.)

54 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Rideal, Samuel.
On the sterilization of effluents, with special reference to oysters
and other shell-fish and to water-cress beds. 13,000 w. 1905. (In
Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.26, p.378.)
Bibliography, p.406.
Considers the different sterilizing agents that may be used and discusses efficiency
of sterilization of effluents from septic tanks and from contact beds.
Roscoe, Sir Henry E. & Lunt, Joseph.
"Hermite" process of sewage treatment. 8,000 w. 2 diag. 2 dr.
1895. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.14, p.224.)
Record of experiments and results from a week's test at Worthing. Shows the process
to be effective for deodorizing but inapplicable for purification of sewage.
Shenton, Henry C. H.
Disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents. 1,200 w. 1910,
(In Canadian engineer, v.l8, p.380.)
Takes exception to some conclusions of Phelps.
Shenton, Henry C. H.
Practical sterilisation of water and of sewage effluents. 8,000 w.
1909. (In Canadian engineer, v.i6, p.707, 735, 759.)
Paper before the Institute of Municipal Engineers.
Considers sterilization of sewage practicable and, at times, advisable, and takes up
use of ozone, hypochlorite, hermite, oxychlorids, copper sulphate and other agents.
Webster, William.
Electrical purification of sewage and contaminated water. 2,500 w.
1891. (In Scientific American supplement, v.31, p.12772.)
Paper before the Chemical Society, London.
Webster, William.
Purification of sewage and contaminated water by electrolysis.
2,600 w. 3 dr. 1889. (In Engineering news, v.22, p.387.)
Condensed from paper before the British Association for the Advancement of
Science.
Gives details of operation, costs, and degree of purification attained.
Webster, William.
Purification of sewage and contamination of water. 2,500 w. 1890.
(In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.9, p.1093.)
Discussion, 7,500 w.
Describes author's process for electrolytic treatment of sewage, using iron electrodes.
Woolf electrolytic disinfectant. 1,500 w. 2 ill. 1893. (In Electrical
engineer, N. Y., v.i6, p.53.)
Describes operation of purification plant at Brewsters. N. Y., where salt water is
electrolyzed and made to flow into the sewers. The hypochlorites, etc. formed by the
electrolysis act as disinfectants.
Filtration, with or without Preliminary Treatment
Through Contact Beds
General
Alvord, John W.
On the use of coke breeze in sewage purification. 6,000 w. 1898.
(In Journal of the Western Society of Engineers, v.3, p.1041.)
Reviews use of coarse-grained coke filters or bacteria tanks in England and suggests
a comparison between their cost and efficiency and that of the Chicago drainage
canal.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 55
Archibald, Douglas.
Effective solution of sewage treatment and disposal by chemical
tank and bacterial filter. 5,500 w. 1901. (In Journal of the Sanitary
Institute, v.22, p.124.)
.Vrgues for preliminary chemical treatment.
Bacterial sewage disposal in England. 2,000 w. 1901. (In Engineering
record, v.44, P-I30.)
Review of report by C. H. Rust, city engineer of Toronto.
Investigation of purification by use of septic tank and bacteria beds.
Biolysis of sewage. 1,600 w. 1898. (In Engineering record, v.38, p.561.)
Review of paper by W. D. Scott-Moncrieff. Record of results from treatment of
sewage, for the cultivation of bacteria best suited for successive steps of purification.
Burford, S. F. & Smith, T. R.
Filtration of sewage through coke breeze. 3,300 w. 1897. (In Journal
of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.i6, p.25.)
Record at the Kettering, England, disposal works. Consists chiefly of tables showing
degree of purification obtained.
Clark, H. W.
Non-nitrification of septic sewage in contact filters. 1,000 w. 1901.
(In Public health, v.27, P-464-)
Clark, H. W.
Stability of sewage effluents from coarse filters. 2,800 w. 1902. (In
Engineering record, v.48, p.445.)
Abstracted from part of report of Massachusetts state board of health, 1901. '
Discussion of condition and tests mainly of effluents from contact filters.
Crane, Albert S.
Filtration of sewage. 2,300 w. 2 ill. 1898. (In Proceedings of the
Brooklyn Engineers' Club, v.2, p.4S.)
Discussion, 4,000 w.
Describes bacteria beds and septic tanks as used in England.
Dibdin, William J.
Filtration of sewage effluent. 6,000 w. 1895. (In Journal of the
Society of Chemical Industry, v.14, P-9I5)
Discussion, 4,000 w.
Record of experiments on efficiency and methods of operation of sewage filters.
Best results were obtained by using filters constructed of coke breeze.
Dibdin, William J.
Recent improvements in the biological treatment of sewage. S,ooo w.
1906. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.25, pt.i, p.414.)
Gives results of use of slate beds in treatment of sewage for the better removal of
sludge.
Dibdin, William J. & Thudichum, George.
Bacterial treatment of sewage containing manufacturing refuse.
2,300 w. 1898. (In Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, v.17,
P-315-)
Discussion, i,6oo w.

S6 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Dibdin, William J. & Thudichum, George.
Present problems in the bacterial treatment of sewage. 3,000 w.
1899. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.20, p.639.)
The same, condensed. 2,300 w. (In Engineering record, v.40, p.476.)
Report on water capacity of bacterial beds, size of filtering material and influence
on organic nitrogen.
Electricity in the Hanley sewage works. 2,200 w. i dr. 3 ill. 1907.
(In Electrical engineer, London, v.4S, p.858.)
Describes especially the power-driven distributors for the bacteria beds.
Filtration of sewage through coal. 2,400 w. 1898. (In Municipal engineering,
V.14, p.29.)
Abstract of paper by A. Bostock Hill before the British Association of Municipal
and County Engineers, showing the very favorable results obtained at Lichfield and
Wolverhampton, England.
Fowler, Gilbert J.
Management of septic tanks and bacterial contact beds. 2,800 w.
1901. (In Engineering news, v.46, p.193.)
From paper before the Royal Institute of Public Health.
German experiments with sewage treatment by septic tanks and contact
filter beds. 900 w. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, P-29I.)
From the "Surveyor," London.
Abstract of pamphlet by Dunbar and Thumm, giving results of valuable experiments.
Hill, A. Bostock.
Filtration of sewage through coal. 2,400 w. 1898. (In Journal of
the Sanitary Institute, v.i8, p.554.)
Discussion, p.576.
The same, condensed. 1,800 w. (In Engineering record, v.41, p.ioi.)
Results and analyses obtained at Lichfield and Wolverhampton, England.
Hill, A. Bostock, & Garfield, Joseph.
Some further experiments and results in bacteriological treatment
of sewage, with especial reference to filtration through coal. 3,000 w.
1899. (In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.20, p.644.)
Discusses results of experiments at Lichfield and Wolverhampton, England.
Hughes, T.
Treatment of crude sewage in triple contact-beds. 5,400 w. 1905.
(In Municipal engineering, v.29, P-I09.)
From paper before the British Association of Managers of Sewage Disposal Works.
Results of six years experiments are given. Conclusion is that methods relying
on liquefaction of the solids of sewage will fail in that the organic matter of a
colloidal nature, which cannot be removed by precipitation, is an important obstacle that
must be considered.
Johnson, John Butler.
Recently improved methods of sewage disposal. 5,500 w. 1900. (In
University of Wisconsin. Bulletin, engineering series, v.2, p.209.)
Describes carefully combination of septic tank with contact beds in sewage disposal
plants.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Study of the stability of the effluents of sewage filters of coarse
materials, including investigations upon putrefaction and secondary
decomposition. 22 p. 1901. (In its Annual report (33d), 1901, p.371.)

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 57
Modern methods of sewage purification. 2,200 w. 6 ill. 1901. (In
Municipal engineering, v.20, p.257.)
Mainly devoted to conclusions of commission in charge of experiments at Manchester,
England, favoring adoption of bacterial purification in contact beds.
Moncrieff, W. D. Scott-.
Bacterial treatment of sewage, with special reference to the biolysis
of organic nitrogen. 5,500 w. 9 diag. 5 dr. 1907. (In Journal of the
Royal Sanitary Institute, v.28, p.i 17.)
The same, condensed. 1,200 w. (In Engineer, London, v.103, p.244.)
Considers successive steps in bacterial purification of sewage, especially the nitrifying
changes.
Moncrieff, W. D. Scott-.
Biolysis of sewage. 4,000 w. 1899. (In Journal of the Sanitary
Institute, v.19, p.700.)
Discussion, p.717.
Brings organic matter into solution by means of cultivation tanks. Effluent
from tank contains organic matter in unstable condition, favorable to rapid purification.
Moncrieff, W. D. Scott-.
Some recent experiments on the biolysis of sewage. 2,300 w. 1908.
(In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.29, P-426.)
Experiments on purification of sewage in cultivation tanks and filters under varying
conditions.
New automatic regulators for septic tanks and contact beds. 2,300 w.
6 dr. 1902. (In Engineering record, v.46, p.438.)
Describes two patented devices, one for charging or discharging tanks, the other for
discharging liquid from a septic tank into a series of contact beds in regular order.
New form of primary contact bed. 1,800 w. 1906. (In Engineering
record, v.S4, p.151.)
Beds are constructed of waste slate sheets, separated by about two inches by slate
blocks.
Owens, R. B.
Description of aerobic biological purification of sewerage by means
of the live earth bed system. 1,600 w. 4 dr. 1910. (In Canadian engineer,
V.19, p.259.)
Claims efficient purification by means of contact of sewage with thin layers of "live
earth," resting on thin concrete plates.
Phelps, Earle B.
Work at the Madeleine sewage experiment station, Pasteur Institute
of Lille, France. 1,300 w. 1907. (In Engineering news, v.58, p.162.)
Information from two French reports, giving results of experiments on rate of
operation and efficiency of septic tanks and contact beds.
Pickering, J. S.
Design of works for bacterial treatment of sewage. 4,500 w. 1907.
(In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.27, p.646.)
The same, condensed. 2,500 w. (In Builder, v.91, p.276.)
Information on design of preliminary and septic tanks and contact and percolation
beds, including detailed statistics of construction from 40 bacterial treatment works.
Province of Alberta and sewage disposal. 2,000 w. 1910. (In Canadian
engineer, v.19, P-257-)
Comment on a so-called "live earth bed system," similar to Dibdin's slate bed system,
except that thin concrete slabs are used instead of slate. Shows claims of system
to be extravagant.

58 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Reid, George.
Sewage disposal by artificial filtration. 2,500 w. 1897. (In Builder,
v.73. P-7-)
Abstract of paper before the Association of Municipal and County Engineers.
Shows favorable results obtained by use of Garfield coal filters.
Rideal, Samuel.
Purification of sewage by bacteria. 8,000 w. 4 folding pi. 1896. (In
Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.l8, p.59.)
Discussion.
Consideration of chemical and bacteriological action taking place in septic tanks
and contact beds.
Scott-Moncrieff system of sewage disposal. 3 dr. i ill. 1900. (In
Engineer, London, v.89, P-90-)
Traces development of process and successive experiments of Scott-Moncrieff with
his cultivation tank.
Shenton, Henry C. H.
Recent practice in sewage disposal. 9,000 w. 2 folding pi. 1900.
(In Transactions of the Society of Engineers, v.40, p.217.)
Discussion, 9,000 w.
Gives much practical information concerning the arrangement, operation and efficiency
of contact beds and septic tanks.
Small sewage disposal plants. 1,600 w. 7 dr. 4 ill. 1904. (In Engineer,
London, v.98, p.133.)
Describes small plants using contact beds and sprinklers or special distributing
apparatus.
Thresh, John C. & Priest, Martin.
On the distribution of sewage on bacteria beds. 2,000 w. 1903. (In
Engineering, v.76, p.267.)
The same, condensed. (In Engineer, London, v.96, p.102.)
Paper before the Institute of Sanitary Engineers.
Shows that greatly increased efficiency results where distribution by sprinklers is
followed.
Thudichum, George.
Bacterial purification of sewage. 4,000 w. 1903. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.43, P-185.)
Discusses briefly the course of bacterial action and shows the steps in the development
of bacterial methods of purification.
Thudichum, George.
Bacterial sewage disposal during the past year. 2,000 w. 1900. (In
Engineering record, v.42, p.124.)
Paper before the .\ssociation of Municipal and County Engineers.
Discussion, 4,000 w.
Thudichum, George.
Bacterial treatment of sewage. 5,000 w. 1898. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.38, p.207.)
Discussion. 6,000 w.
The same, condensed. 3,300 w. (In Engineering record, v.39, p.97.)
Shows conditions governing the use of bacteria beds and septic tanks as illustrated
at Sutton and Exeter, England, respectively.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 59
Thudichum, George.
Ultimate purification of sewage. 5,500 w. 1896. (In Transactions
of the Society of Engineers, v.36, p.199.)
Discussion, 15,000 w.
Considers some of the more important features of biological purification, especially
in filters of coke breeze, and compares this method with irrigation methods.
Use of coke in the treatment of sewage. 5,000 w. 1899. (In Journal of
gas lighting, v.74. P-998.).
Review of report by Frank Clowes and A. C. Houston to the London County Council,
giving details of construction of coke beds, degree of purification attained, and
method of operation.
Van Buskirk, W. F.
Filtration of sewage. 1,800 w. 1898. (In Public health, v.24, p.6o.)
Gives brief notice of work of the Lawrence (Mass.) Experiment Station and work
for the London County Council.
Watson, W. M.
Sewage disposal through the action of bacteria. 2,300 w. 1898.
(In Canadian engineer, v.5, p.344.)
Considerable information on construction and operation of sewage filters.
Wickenden, A. F.
Sewage disposal of isolated buildings. 1,400 w. 1910. (In National
contractor and builder, v.2, p.15.)
From "Building world."
Describes small installation, consisting of a septic tank and three contact filters, to
serve a population of about 240 persons.
Individual Plants
Archibald, Douglas.
Life-history for eight years of the experimental coke and clinker
filter-beds at Kingston-on-Thames. 4,500 w. 1906. (In Journal of the
Royal Sanitary Institute, v.27, p.473.)
The same, condensed. 3,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.54, p.323.)
Records experimental work valuable for unusual preliminary treatment of sewage
used and for continuous record of satisfactory disposal.
Bacterial sewage disposal at East Cleveland. 1,600 w. 3 ill. 1900. (In
Engineering record, v.41, p.128.)
Sewage is passed through two sets of bacteria beds, where the oxidation of organic
impurities is hastened by the entrance of air under pressure.
Bacterial sewage treatment, Oswestry, England. 1,000 w. 1900. (In
Engineering record, v.41, p.226.)
Describes system using primary and secondary contact beds. Analyses of raw sewage
and of final effluent are given.
Bacterial treatment of crude sewage. 2,200 w. 1899. (In Engineering,
v.68, p.462.)
Editorial description of experiments with London sewage, using contact beds of coke.
Bacterial treatment of crude sewage at Crossness [London]. 4,800 w.
4 diag. 1899. (In Engineer, London, v.88, p.389.)
Review of second report to the London County Council by Clowes and Houston.
Records results of experiments on filtration of sewage through coke beds, showing solution
of solid organic matter in high degree and a fair degree of purity in the effluent.

6o CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Bacteriological sewage works at Hampton-on-Thames [England].
1,200 w. 6 dr. 2 ill. 1899. (In Engineer, London, v.88, p.404.)
Describes one of the earliest systems using contact beds.
Beddoes, Cecil C. E.
Sewage purification plant at Charlotte, N. C. 1,800 w. 3 diag. i dr.
2 ill. 1905. (In Engineering record, v.51, p.711.)
Successful plant consisting of open septic tanks with single contact beds.
Corbett, J.
Some sewage purification experiments. 3,300 w. 1902. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.23, p.601.)
Discussion.
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering, v.74, p.865.)
Records carefully the different experiments tried at Salford, England. Works are
to include tanks for chemical precipitation, roughing filters and bacteria beds.
Fowler, Gilbert J.
Recent experience in the treatment of Manchester sewage. 6,000 w.
1904. (In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.25, p.620.)
Discusses results obtained from open septic tanks and contact beds, and gives table
of comparative data on sewage disposal at Manchester and other cities with similar conditions.
Fowler, Gilbert J.
Resume of the Manchester experiments on sewage. 4,000 w. 1902.
(In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.23, p.584.)
Discussion, p. 609.
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering, v.74, P-49I, 552.)
Describes experiments and states conclusions, especially on the operation and efficiency
of contact beds, with preliminary septic tank treatment.
Fowler, Gilbert J.
Sewage experiments at Matunga, Bombay. 1,800 w. 6111. 1907.
(In Engineering news, v.58, p.146.)
Describes successful plant at a leper colony, consisting of septic tanks and contact
beds.
Gavett, Andrew J.
Septic tanks and contact beds at Plainfield, N.J. 1,700 w. 10 dr.
I ill. 1901. (In Engineering record, v.44, p.47i.)
Hanley sewage works. 1,500 w. 1907. (In Engineer, London, v.103,
P-S50-)
History and description of works, consisting of detritus and septic tanks and bacteria
beds.
Hart, George A.
Description of the sewerage and sewage disposal works of Leeds,
with special reference to the sewage disposal works and lands at Rodley.
2,000 w. 2 dr. 1908. (In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute,
v.29, p.15.)
Works consist of detritus and septic tanks and bacteria beds.
Hatton, T. Chalkley.
Sewage disposal plant for a large hotel at Bedford, Pa. 1,500 w.
3 dr. 1908. (In Engineering record, v.57, P-376.)
Plant consists of liquefying tank, two primary contact beds and a sludge bed. A high
standard effluent was not necessary.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 6i
Hill, G. Everett.
Sewage disposal at Collingswood, N.J. 2,200 w. 6 dr. i ill. 1902.
(In Engineering record, v.45, P 4I5-)
Plant consists of septic tank, coke contact beds as primary filters and coke wave
beds as secondary filters.
Hill, G. Everett.
Sewage purification works at Depew, N. Y. 1,500 w. 2 dr. 2 ill.
1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, P-5I4)
Plant consists of a septic tank, coke primary filters or contact beds and secondary
filter beds of broken stone, operated on the wave bed plan.
Kinnicutt, Leonard Parker.
English experiments on the bacterial treatment of sewage, with an
account of the work done at Manchester, England, during the past year.
13,000 w. 5 dr. 1900. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.24, p.107.)
Describes successful working of filtration plant combining septic tank with double
contact beds.
Manchester [England] sewage. 3,000 w. 1899. (In Engineer, London,
v.88, p.511.)
Editorial outline of report by experts to the city council, describing careful experiments
with different disposal methods and recommending use of double contact beds.
Manchester [England] sewage. 3,000 w. 1899. (In Engineering, v.68,
p.695-)
Reviews experiments with septic tanks combined with Roscoe filters or contact beds.
Manchester [England] sewage disposal experiments. 7,500 w. 3 dr.
1900. (In Engineering record, v.41, p.594, 613.)
Record of experiments by a special committee on the efficiency of septic tanks, bacteria
beds and Roscoe filters. Committee recommended use of open septic tanks, followed
by filtration through contact filters.
Mawbey, E. George.
Purification of Leicester sewage by sedimentation tanks, single contact
beds and broad irrigation on clay land. 6,500 w. I dr. 5 ill. 1910.
(In Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute, v.31, p.i77-)
The same, slightly condensed. 5,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.6i,
P-723-)
Mosman septic tanks, Sydney, N. S. W. 1,000 w. 1905. (In Engineering
record, v.51, p.468.)
Plant consists of four septic tanks and eight contact filters.
New British sewage disposal works. 1,500 w. 1910. (In Municipal
engineering, v.38, p.177.)
Gives extent of new works of Sheffield, consisting of settling tanks and contact beds.
New sewage disposal works, Sheffield, England. 3,600 w. 1910. (In
Engineering record, v.6i, p.15.)
New works consist of settling tanks, sludge wells and contact beds.
New trunk sewers and sewage disposal works for the city of Regina,
Sask. 6,500 w. I dr. 1908. (In Canadian engineer, v.15, p.ioo.)
Reviews possible disposal methods and recommends establishment of experimental
plant with septic tanks and contact beds.

62 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Operations of the sewage works of Manchester, England, 1904-5.
1,700 w. 1905. (In Engineering news, v.54, p.472.)
Gives analyses of sewage treated in septic tanks and contact beds, with amounts of
sludge removed and methods of removal.
Pierson, George H.
Sevvfage purification and refuse incineration plant, Marion, Ohio.
4,500 w. 8 dr. 4 ill. 1906. (In Engineering record, v.53, P-358-)
Describes septic tanks, contact beds, intermittent sand filters and incinerator for
sewage sludge.
Pierson, George S.
Electric sewage pumps, septic tanks and contact beds at Fond du
Lac, Wis. 3,000 w. II dr. 2 ill. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.47,
p.410.) •
Pratt, R. Winthrop.
Combined septic tanks, contact beds, intermittent filters and
garbage crematory, Marion, O. 5,000 w. 15 dr. 3 ill. 1906. (In Engineering
news, v.55, P-197-)
Proposed new sewage settling tanks, contact and storm beds for Sheffield,
England. 900 w. 1905. (In Engineering news, V.S4, p.597.)
Recent Crossness [London] experiments with bacterial sewage treatment.
3,000 w. 1899. (In Engineering record, v.40, p.507.)
K'esults of intermittent filtration experiments using coke and allowing sewage to
stand in filters for three hours before passing through. Purification to a considerable
degree has been obtained.
Report of a London engineer on sewage disposal at Toronto, Ont.
2,000 w. 1906. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.262.)
Discusses disposal by septic tank and contact beds and by discharge into the lake.
Report on sewage sludge deposits on the experimental coke beds, London,
England. 1,100 w. 1900. (In Engineering news, v.43, P-I57-)
Information from report by Frank Clowes, especially on effect of sediment on filters
and the bacteria found on the coke.
Sackett, R. L.
Sewage purification at the Southern hospital, Evansville, Ind.
2,000 w. I dr. 3 ill. 1908. (In Purdue engineering review, v.4, p.80.)
Original plant consisted of chemical precipitation tank and sand filters. New plant
uses septic tank, contact bed and aerobic sand filters.
Septic tanks and double contact beds at Burnley, England. 1,700 w.
1905. (In Engineering news, v.54, P-425-)
Septic tanks for the Royal Aluskoka hotel. 1,200 w. 2 ill. 1907. (In
Canadian engineer, v.14, p.349.)
Works consist of two septic tanks and four contact beds.
Sewage contact filters with automatic control at Auburn [N. Y.].
2,000 w. 5 dr. 3 ill. 1909. (In Engineering record, v.60, p.212.)
Sewage disposal at Oswestry, England. 1,600 w. 1901. (In Engineering
record, v.44, P-io.)
Purification by primary and secondary contact beds.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 63
Sewage disposal at Sheffield, England. 2,100 w. 1900. (In Engineering
record, v.41, p.543-)
Describes experiments and observations to determine best method of disposal. Plan
adopted was for biological filter beds.
Sewage disposal plant at Lancaster, New York. 1,000 w. 5 dr. 1910.
(In Engineering record, v.61, p.609.)
Plant for a village of 4,000 people, comprising grit chambers, septic tanks and contact
beds.
Sewage disposal plant at Roebling [N.J.]. 4,000 w. 7 dr. till. 1910.
(In Engineering record, v.6l, p.484.)
Plant consists of screening chamber, sedimentation tanks, dosing chamber, primary
and secondary contact beds, settling tank, sand filters and sludge beds.
Sewage disposal plant of the Soldiers' Home, Johnson City, Tenn.
2,000 w. 4 dr. 1907. (In Engineering record, v.5S, p.521.)
Plant comprises septic tank, four contact beds and four sand filters.
Sewage disposal under difficulties at Leicester, England. 2,600 w. i dr.
I ill. 1910. (In Engineering news, v.64, p.309.)
Describes complicated system of disposal, including treatment in sedimentation
tanks, contact beds, and sewage irrigation.
Sewage disposal works at Kirksville, Mo. 1,800 w. 3 dr. 1907. (In
Engineering record, v.55, P-393-)
Consist mainly of septic tanks, followed by contact beds and intermittent filter.
The effluent from two of the septic tanks is simply sterilized by copper sulphate before
being discharged.
Sewage disposal works at Nuneaton, England. 1,400 w. 1902. (In
Engineering record, v.46, p.319.)
Describes plant consisting of settling tanks, coarse and fine bacteria beds and an
irrigation area.
Sewage disposal works, Grand Canyon, Arizona. 1,200 w. 10 dr. 1910.
(In Engineering record, v.6i, p.141.)
Sewage is purified by passing through septic tanks, contact beds and auxiliary filters.
Effluents used as boiler waters.
Shone sewerage system and bacterial beds at Hampton, England.
1,600 w. 1901. (In Engineering record, v.43, p.40S-)
Sewage pumped by compressed air and treated on bacteria beds.
Sutton sewage disposal works. 2,800 w. 6 dr. 1899. (In Engineer,
London, v.88. p.378.)
Gives results of use of bacteria beds for treating crude sewage, with subsequent
treatment on filter beds. Method proved economical and efficient.
Watson, Hugh Sextus.
Bacterial sewage disposal works at Ash, Dover [England]. 5,000 w.
5 dr. 1903. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil
Engineers, v.156, p.392.)
The same, condensed. 2,200 w. (In Engineering record, v.50, p.379-)
Interesting account of plant consisting of scum tank and contact beds. Results not
considered as typical for this installation on account of preponderance of brewery refuse
in the sewage.
Wilkinson, J. P.
Description of the new works for the biological treatment of the
sewage of Manchester [England]. 3,000 w. 3 folding pi. 3 ill. 1902.
(In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.23, p.593-)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering, v.74, p.5S3-)
Discussion, p. 609.

64 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Wise, Colin R.
New septic sewage disposal plant. 2,000 w. i dr. 3 ill. 1901. (In
Municipal engineering, v.21, p.i.)
Describes plant at Liberty, N. Y., consisting of septic tanks and contact beds.
Worley, J. S.
Septic tank and contact beds for treating the sewage of Cherryvale,
Kan. 1,500 w. 3 ill. 1910. (In Engineering news, v.63, P-747-)
Wyllie, H. D.
Septic tank and double contact filter beds for treating the sewage of
Glencoe, 111. 800 w. 8 dr. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.46, p.313.)
Through Intermittent Filters
General
Angell, Arthur.
Treatment and disposal of sewage and of sewage sludge. 3,000 w.
1892. (In Transactions of the Sanitary Institute, v.13, P-209.)
Considers Massachusetts experiments and their application to practical disposal
methods. Author suggests utilization of sewage sludge and waste gas-lime for production
of hydraulic cement.
Barbour, F. A.
Sewage disposal. 2,500 w. 1901. (In Proceedings of the Indiana
Engineering Society, v.21, p.93.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.43, P-30I-)
Discusses efficiency of septic tanks and filtration through sand or coarser materials,
and the degree of purification desirable.
Barrow, E. G.
Purification of sewage. 2,300 w. 1898. (In Canadian engineer, v.6,
p.121.)
Paper before the Canadian Association of Stationary Engineers.
Brief review of possible methods of disposal, describing precipitation tanks and
filters.
Bowes, Arthur.
Treatment of sewage by polarite. 2,000 w. 1894. (In Minutes of
proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.i 17, p.305.)
The same. (In Engineering news, v.32, p.205.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.30, p.238.)
"Ferozone" is used as precipitant and the sewage then passes through filters, the
active ingredient of which is polarite, mainly a magnetic oxid of iron.
Cannon, H. Lemmoin-.
Sewage and its disposal. 3,000 w. 4 dr. i ill. 1905. (In Technics,
v.4, p.65.)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.60, p.24857.)
General review of methods in use, with special attention lo chemical treatment, with
intermittent filtration of the effluent.
Carbonised refuse system of sewage treatment. 900 w. 4 dr. 1890.
(In Industries, v.8, p.523.)
The same. (In Scientific American supplement, v.29, p.12081.)
Process used at Leeds, England, in which dry refuse is reduced to charcoal by slow
combustion and product used as filtering material for the sewage.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 65
Craig, O. B.
Sewage disposal for a school building; how to build and proportion
a combined septic tank and filter bed; explanation of the purification
process. 2,500 w. 4 dr. 1910. (In Metal worker, v.74, p.103.)
Denny and Dunipace sewage works. 700 w. 3 dr. i ill. 1897. (In
Engineer, London, v.83, p.261.)
Intermittent downward filtration plant for a small population.
Denton, J. Bailey.
Intermittent downward filtration. 3,500 w. 1876. (In Journal of
the Society of Arts, v.24, p.6i8.)
Discusses land costs, and relative advantages of intermittent filtration and broad
irrigation.
Denton, J. Bailey.
Sewage as a fertiliser of land, and land as a purifier of sewage.
9,500 w. 1871. (In Journal of the Society of Arts, v.20, p.6i.)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.6,
p.184.)
Gives results from use of sewage for broad irrigation and from intermittent filtra.
tion.
Early example of combined septic treatment and filtration of sewage.
1,200 w. 1901. (In Engineering record, v.43, P-293-)
Describes small scale installations in Italy previous to 1890.
Effect of frost on the sewage filtration beds at South Framingham,
Mass. 800 w. 1893. (In Engineering news, v.29, P-I74)
Experiments show that purification can go on, even in extremely cold weather, if
large amounts of sewage can be applied to filter beds in a short time.
Experience with clogged sewage beds at Pawtucket, R. I. 2.000 w.
2 ill. 1907. (In Engineering record, v.55, P-4I3)
Treatment of beds with copper sulphate caused great improvement.
Filtering experiments by the Massachusetts board of health. 2,500 w.
1889. (In Engineering record, v.20, p.366.)
Information from report for 1888 on efficiency of sand filters, effect of cold weather
on intermittent filtration, etc.
Filtration of sewage. 1,200 w. 1891. (In Engineering record, v.24,
p.106.)
Abstract of report of the Massachusetts state board of health, giving information on
intermittent sand filtration and showing the processes of nitrification that take place.
See also editorial, p.ioi. 1,000 w.
Galton, Douglas.
Lessons to be learnt from the experimental investigations by the
State board of health of Massachusetts upon the purification of sewage.
6,500 w. I diag. 6 dr. i ill. 1896. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute.
V.17, p.i.)
Discussion, 2,500 w.
Particularly emphasizes necessity for sufficient aeration.
Goodnough, X. Henry.
Description of sewage disposal systems in Massachusetts. 4.700 w.
16 ill 1904. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
v.32, p.213.)
Discussion, p.237.
Briefly describes intermittent filtration systems as used in 12 Massachusetts cities.

66 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Guerdrum, George H.
Septic tank and filter bed used for residences in the Philippine islands.
700 w. 5 dr. 1908. (In Engineering news, v.60, p.400.)
Hansen, Paul.
Design of small intermittent sewage filters. 2,500 w. 1910. (In
Engineering record, v.6i, p.224.)
From paper before the Ohio Engineering Society.
Gives suggestions as to arrangement of plant, construction and arrangement of
filter beds and filter material to be used.
Individual sewage purification plant. 1,500 w. 2 dr. 1910. (In Metal
worker, v.7Z, p.828.)
Describes small plant of septic tank and filter.
Kenwood, Henry, & Butler, William.
Some observations on the natural purification of sewage. 6,800 w.
1899. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.19, P-67I-)
Discussion, p.717.
Records experiments for purification by anaerobic upward filtration, followed by
intermittent downward filtration under aerobic conditions, also experiments on conditions
of production and absorption of gases by sewage.
Law, Henry.
Purification of sewage by filtration. 2,200 w. 1896. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.17, p.479.)
Discussion, p. 49 5.
Explains bacterial principles of purification by filtration and suggests points upon
which information is (1896) needed.
Lawrence experiments on the purification of sewage in 1890 and 1891.
1,200 w. 1892. (In Engineering news, v.28, p.559.)
Review of experiments made by the Massachusetts state board of health on filtration
of sewage through sand or gravel.
Locke, William W.
Disposal of sewage upon the watersheds of the metropolitan water
supply. 3,800 w. 6 dr. 1906. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering
Societies, v.36, p.139.)
Briefly describes tx number of small sand filtration systems in the Boston metropolitan
district.
Lowcock, Sidney Richard.
E.xperiments on the filtration of sewage. 6,500 w. 2 diag. 2 dr.
1893. (In Minutes of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,
V.I 15, p.297.)
The same, condensed. 1,400 w. (In Engineering record, v.29, p.i4l)
Describes experiments on sewage filtration, with special aeration of tanks. Considerable
attention to construction of filter.
Lowcock, Sidney Richard.
Lowcock's system of sewage filtration. 1,200 w. 1894. (In Journal
of the Sanitary Institute, v.15, P-685.)
Consists of continuous oxidizing and nitrifying process, in which air is forced
by pressure into body of filter.
McClintock, John N.
Biological system of sewage disposal. 2,000 w. 1902. (In Municipal
engineering, v.23, P-357-)
Explains construction of purification system by means of septic tank and filter
beds.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 67
McClintock, John N.
Sewage disposal. 1,200 w. 1904. (In Municipal engineering, v.27,
P-335-)
Describes septic tank and filter bed of gravel and broken stone for disposal ot
sewage from a summer cottage.
McClintock, John N.
Sewage disposal and water purification. 4,500 w. igoo. (In Municipal
engineering, v.19, p.199.)
Paper before the American Society of Municipal Improvements.
Describes system of disposal by the septic tank and subsequent single or double
filtration. Considers this the most efficient method.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Examination of sewer outlets and the effect of sewage disposal,
1903. 152 p. 1903. (In its Annual report (35th), 1903, p.303.)
Describes disposal works of 14 towns and cities of Massachusetts, and shows degree
of purification of sewage as concerning pollution of streams.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station. 175 p. 1891. (In its Annual report (23d), 1891,
P-423-)
Detailed account of very careful experiments on effect of mechanical composition
of materials used in intermittent filtration, effect of cold, treatment of acid sewages,
permanency of filters, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1892. 57 p. 1892. (In its Annual
report (24th), 1892, p.391.)
Results of continued experiments on clogging of intermittent sand filters, effect of
organic dyestuffs in sewage, effect of cold weather on. filtration, etc.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Experiments upon the purification of sewage...at the Lawrence
Experiment Station during the year 1893. 54 p. 1893. (In its Annual
report (25th), 1893, .p.399-)
Results confirm earlier conclusions and give additional knowledge concerning prevention
of clogging of intermittent sand filters, removal of sludge, and general management
and operation of the filters.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Filtration of sewage and of water, and chemical precipitation of
sewage at the experiment station of the State board of health of Massachusetts
in 1888 and 1889. 909 p. 111. 1890. (In its Report on water
supply and sewerage, pt.2.)
Careful record of two years' experiments that have become classic.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Purification of the sewage of cities and towns in Massachusetts.
85 p. 1898. (In its Annual report (30th), 1898, p.587.)
Detailed description of works and chemical analyses from ten towns.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Purification of the sewage of cities and towns in Massachusetts.
20 p. 1899. (In its Annual report (31st), 1899, p.5SS-)
Analyses from ten cities and towns.

68 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Sewage disposal of cities and towns in Massachusetts by intermittent
filtration. 20 p. 1896. (In its Annual report (28th), 1896, p.579.)
Gives analyses of sewage and effluents from works in five cities.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Sewage disposal of cities and towns in Massachusetts by intermittent
filtration. 30 p. 1897. (In its Annual report (29th), 1897, p.507.)
Analyses of raw and purified sewage in seven Massachusetts towns.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Sewage purification of cities and towns in Massachusetts. 36 p.
1895. (In its Annual report (27th), 1895, p.599-)
Describes works and give? detailed analyses of raw sewage and effluents at Amherst,
Brockton, Framingham, Gardner, Marlborough and Medfield.
Massachusetts—State board of health.
Work at the Lawrence Experiment Station. 33 p. 1890. (In its
Annual report (22d), 1890, p.34.)
Record of experiments on most efficient size of material for intermittent sand filters
and on rate of application of sewage.
Mills, Hiram F.
Purification of sewage and of water. 8,000 w. 1893. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v.30, p.350.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Engineering record, v.28, p.217.)
The same, slightly condensed. (In Scientific American supplement,
v.37, p.15268.)
Especially concerned with quality of sand used and bacterial action in intermittent
filtration. Based on work at Lawrence Experiment Station.
Neely, J. B.
Sewage disposal for private houses. 800 w. 15 dr. 1908. (In Engineering
record, v.57, p.696.)
Describes features of small plants designed by A. Marston, consisting of septic
tank and filters.
Oldershaw, F. H.
Iron in sewage filters. 1,700 w. 1910. (In Municipal journal and
engineer, v.28, p.899.)
Presence of iron in sewage from trade wastes found to lessen efficiency of filters
by formation of ferruginous cement.
Schultz-Schultzenstein.
Nitrifying organisms in sewage filters. 9,000 w. 1904. (In Technology
quarterly, v.17, p.i86.)
Translation from "Mitteilungen aus dem Koniglichen Priifungsanstalt fiir Wasserversorgung
und Abwasserbeseitigung zu Berlin."
Considers possible methods of introduction of nitrifying organisms and conditions
for their growth.
Snow, F. Herbert.
.•\daptability of the Massachusetts method of intermittent sand
filtration to sewage disposal problems in other states. 11,000 w. 3 ill.
1904- (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.32,
P-225.)
Discussion.
Reviews Massachusetts investigations and describes methods of disposal in use at
Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Lakewood, O., Marion, la., and in the Bronx river valley, N. Y.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 69
Stability of effluents of sewage filters of coarse materials. 3,000 w.
1902. (In Engineering record, v.46, p.611.)
Slightly condensed from paper by H. W. Clark in report of Massachusetts state
board of health, 1901.
Waring, George E. jr.
Purification of sewage by bacterial oxidation in artificially aerated
filters. 5,500 w. 2 folding pi. 1896. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute,
V.17, p.75.)
Describes method and apparatus for supplying filters with air under pressure.
Waring, George E. jr.
Purification of sewage by forced aeration. 1,000 w. 1895. (In Minutes
of proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.123, p.496.)
Sewage is passed through filters of stone and sand, air being forced through under
pressure.
Waring, George E. jr.
Sewage disposal at isolated houses. 6,000 w. 13 dr. 1892. (In
American architect, v.35, p.166.)
Describes in detail method of sub-surface irrigation.
Watson, W. M.
Some methods of sewage disposal. 2,500 w. 1899. (In Canadian
engineer, v.6, p.318.)
Describes methods used by George E. Waring and by Jerome Deery.
Whipple, G. C.
Vitality of sewage bacteria in soil and antagonism of soil bacteria
to the typhoid bacillus. 1,600 w. 1902. (In Engineering record, v.46,
P-440-)
Winter treatment of sewage beds. 1,800 w. 1903. (In Engineering
record, v.48, p.592.)
Information on care of filter beds in winter, as reported from Clinton, Mass.,
Ames, la., Altoona, Pa., Meriden, Conn., Worcester, Mass. and Woonsocket, R. I.
Individual Plants
Barbour, F. A.
Sewage disposal works at Saratoga, N. Y. 9,500 w. i dr. 5 folding
pi. 10 ill. 1905. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
v.34, P-33-)
Discussion.
Plant consists of septic tanks and sand filters.
Barbour, F. A.
Sewage distributing tank and automatic dosing apparatus for
Marion, la. 2,000 w. 3 dr. 1899. (In Engineering news, v.42, p.27.)
Discusses materials most suitable for filter beds and describes automatic apparatus
for applying and distributing the sewage on the beds.
Bassett, Carroll Phillips.
East Orange [N. J.] disposal works; their efficiency as compared
with other methods. 3,200 w. 1890. (In Engineering news, v.23, p.160.)
Intermittent filtration system is used after sewage comes from precipitation tanks.

70 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Bassett, Carroll Phillips.
Inland sewage disposal, with special reference to the East Orange,
N.J. works. 9,000 w. 4 folding pi. 3 ill. i map. 1891. (In Transactions
of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v.25, P-125-)
Reviews conditions and methods of sewage disposal and describes system installed
at East Orange, showing degree of purity attained in the effluent.
Boiling, George E.
Maintenance of sewage filters in winter. 4,000 w. 1906. (In Journal
of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.38, p.29.)
Discussion, 3,500 w.
The same, condensed. 1,200 w. (In Engineering news, v.56, p.628.)
Carefully describes methods for treating sewage and caring for filter beds during
the winter at Brockton, Mass.
Bradbury, E. G.
Sewage disposal works. Alliance, Ohio. 2,700 w. 2 dr. 1910. (In
Engineering record, v.62, p.437.)
Plant under construction to treat sewage by sedimentation and double filtration
through contact beds and direct intermittent filters.
Bristol, Conn, sewage disposal works. 400 w. I dr. 1896. (In Engineering
record, v.34, P-25.)
Plan includes intermittent filtration beds and broad irrigation.
Brockton, Mass. sewage disposal system. 1,000 w. 5 dr. 1894. (In
Engineering record, v.29, p.363.)
Sewage to be pumped three miles to filtration beds.
Brooks, Fred.
Sewage disposal at Medfield, Mass. 4,500 w. 4 dr. I folding pi.
1888. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.7, p.236.)
Description of small and successful filtration plant.
Bucke, R. M.
Short history of sewage disposal at the asylum for the insane, London,
Ontario. 1,400 w. 1898. (In Public health, v.24, p.27.)
The same. (In Canadian engineer, v.6, p.155.)
Disposal is by intermittent filtration. Considerable success has been attained in
growing a great variety of vegetables on the filter beds.
Carpenter, George A.
Results obtained with large experimental septic sewage tanks and
rapid filtration at Woonsocket, R.I. 1,200w. 1900. (In Engineering
news, v.44, P-43S-)
Condensed from paper before the League of American Municipalities.
Carpenter, George A.
Sewage purification at Pawtucket, R.I. 1,700 w. i dr. 2 ill. 1896.
(In Engineering news, V.3S, p.11.)
Description of equipment and operation of filter beds.
Chemical precipitation and rapid filtration of sewage at Madison, Wis.
4,400 w. 10 dr. 1899. (In Engineering news, v.42, p.411.)
Reviews history of sewage disposal at Madison and the results from a trial plant
for purification by precipitation, using lime as precipitant, combined with rapid filtration.
Chorley, England, sewage works. 1,700 w. i dr. 1898. (In Canadian
engineer, v.6, p.221.)
''Ferozone" is used as chemical precipitant and the sludge is pressed in filter presses.
Effluent is filtered intermittently.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 71
Clinton, Mass. sewage disposal system. i,8oow. 11 dr. 1899. (In
Engineering record, v.39, P-I36-)
Includes very brief description of filter beds.
Clowes, Frank.
Biological disposal of sewage from isolated buildings. 4,000 w.
I folding pi. 3 ill. 1904. (In Journal of the Royal Institute of British
Architects, v.S3, p.193.)
Discussion, 8,000 w.
Describes small plant at Horsham, England, where the sewage is passed slowly
through a septic tank and the effluent treated intermittently on coke beds.
Darley, W.
Purification of sewage and foul waters by means of the magnetite
filter. 3,000 w. 2 dr. 1894. (In Journal of the Sanitary Institute, v.lS,
p.678.)
Davenport, Milton W.
Studies of the physiological control of sewage filters, at New Britain,
Conn. 2,000 w. 1908. (In Engineering news, v.60, p.117.)
Investigations as to value of tests of sewage purification based on the organic life
supported in the effluents.
Deery, John Jerome.
Improved methods for the purification of sewage and water as
shown in the operation of the municipal plant at Reading, Pa. 6,800 w.
5 ill. 1899. (In Journal of the Franklin Institute, v.148, p.227, 279.)
Detailed, illustrated description of system, in which the sewage is filtered through
upper and lower sand filtration beds, with a space of ten feet between.
Dozen years' experience in sewage purification at Santa Rosa, Cal.
1,000 w. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.48, p.254.)
Present method of disposal is by septic tanks, settling tank and upward filtration.
Essex Fells [N. J.] sewage filter. 700 w. 5 dr. 1897. (In Engineering
record, v.36, p.97.)
Purification by distributing the sewage over surface of natural beds of gravel with
under-drainage.
Experience with intermittent filtration of sewage at Worcester, Mass.
5,000 w. I ill. 1906. (In Engineering record, v.54, p.416.)
Information from report by superintendent of sewers on filtration of effluent from
precipitation and septic tanks.
Experiments with stale and partially septic sewage on the Brockton
filter beds. 3,300 w. 1899. (In Engineering news, v.41, p.66.)
Sewage allowed to become stale before filtering, as in a septic tank. Quality and
quantity of sludge formed; crops raised on filter beds.
Flynn, Benjamin H.
Sewage disposal at Shelby, Ohio. 1,600 w. i dr. 2 ill. 1902. (In
Engineering news, v.48, p.434-)
Plant consists of two septic tanks, a settling basin and two intermittent filters of
cinder and gravel.
Flynn, Benjamin H.
Sewage disposal by intermittent filtration at the Montgomery Co.
infirmary, near Dayton, O. 1,000 w. 2 dr. i ill. 1901. (In Engineering
news, v.46, p.179-)

72 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
French, Alexis H.
Sewage filtration plant at the Contagious Hospital, Brookline, Mass.
500 w. 2 dr. 1906. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
v.36, p. 132.)
Coke breeze filters used.
Fuertes, James H.
Cambridge sewerage works. 1,000 w. 2 dr. 1898. (In Engineering
record, v.38, p.290.) .
Milk of lime is added to the sewage but there is no precipitation before the application
of the sewage to the filter beds.
Fuertes, James H.
Sewage disposal at Glasgow. 2,000 w. 1899. (In Engineering record,
v.39, P-S63-)
Description of plant treating about 12,000,000 gallons daily with sulphate of alumina
and lime. Effluent passes through filters of sand and coke.
Glasgow sewage works. 3,800 w. 23 dr. 1895. (In Engineering, London,
v.60, p.208, 259.)
The same, condensed. 2,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.32, p.460.)
Results of a year's operation of the precipitation and intermittent filtration plant,
giving analyses and costs.
Grantham, Richard F.
Disposal of the sewage of London upon the Maplin sands. 3,000 w.
1890. (In Transactions of the Sanitary Institute, v.ii, p.187.)
Suggested method for disposal by filtration.
Horetzky, C. G.
Novel method of sewage disposal, especially designed for the city of
Toronto. 2,500 w. 1899. (In Canadian engineer, v.6, p.318, 330.)
Method involves combustion of solid matter separated by coke strainers, and final
purification by filtration.
Hospital sewage disposal system. 700 w. I dr. i ill. 1899. (In Engineering
record, v.39, p.327.)
Describes plant of Southern Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Evansville, Ind.,
using combined precipitation and filtration system.
Intermittent sewage filters at Pittsfield, }ilass. 1,300 w. 5 dr. 1902.
(In Engineering record, v.45, P-438-)
Iowa State College sewage disposal plant. 2,500 w. I diag. 4 dr. 2 ill.
1900. (In Engineering record, v.41, p.146.)
Abstract of paper by Marston before the Iowa Engineering Society.
Describes successful operation of intermittent filtration plant, where a partial
septic condition is first obtained by a brief storage of the sewage.
Keene, W. F.
Sewage disposal plant at Central Falls, R. I. 1,000 w. 2 dr. 1897.
(In Engineering record, v.35, P-45I-)
Intermittent filtration plant.
Latham, Baldwin.
Works of sewerage and sewage disposal. 2,000 w. 1879. (In Journal
of the Society of Arts, v.27, P-891-)
The same. (In Van Nostrand's eclectic engineering magazine, v.21,
P-372-)
Briefly describes the Croydon works, at which sewage is purified by filtration.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 73
MacPhail, James A.
Disposal of sewage at Marlboro, Mass. 2,500 w. i folding pi. 1893.
(In Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, v.7, p.48.)
Disposal at a small plant having a separating tank and 20 filter beds.
Marston, A.
Sewerage and sewage disposal at Fairmont, Minn. 1,200 w. 6 dr.
I ill. 1908. (In Engineering record, v.57, p.131.)
Disposal plant includes concrete septic tank and two intermittent sand filters.
Merrill, John.
Sheffield corporation sewage works. 2,300 w. 1886. (In Transactions
of the Sanitary Institute of Great Britain, v.8, p.184.)
Purification by intermittent precipitation with lime, followed by intermittent filtration.
Metcalf, Leonard.
Septic tanks, pump wells and filter beds of the Draper Co., Hopedale,
Mass. 2,000 w. 2 dr. I ill. 1901. (In Engineering news, v.45,
P-298-)
Preliminary treatment of acid waste from pickling plant.
Moriarta, D. C.
Sewage disposal plant at Saratoga Springs. 1,200 w. 1905. (In
Proceedings of the Conference of Sanitary Officers of the State of New
York, v.5, p.92.)
Brief description of operation of septic tanks and filter beds, giving costs and showing
accumulation of scum in tanks.
New sewage disposal works at Gardner, Mass. 2,300 w. 9 dr. 1902.
(In Engineering record, v.45, P-338.)
Record of operation with coke strainers and sand or gravel filters, where unusually
large amount of sewage to the acre is treated.
Notes on the operation of the sewage filter beds of Plainfield, N. J.
1,000 w. 4 ill. 1899. (In Engineering news, V.41, p.162.)
Notes on the sewerage system of Worcester, Massachusetts. 2,500 w.
3 ill. 1904. (In Engineering record, v.49, p.528.)
Contains information on cost and details of cleaning the filter beds.
Old and new methods of sewage purification at Pawtucket, R. I.
2,500 w. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, P-178-)
Gives information from report of city engineer on treatment of Pawtucket sewage
in septic tank and on intermittent filters. Comparisons are made of the sludge removed
from the tank and of sludge that was formerly raked from the filters.
Olive, William Thomas.
Description of the Manchester main drainage works. 6,000 w. 1894.
(In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, v.47, p.38i.)
Sewage treated with lime and the effluent carried to filter beds.
Operation of the Brockton [Mass.] sewage filter beds in 1895. 2,300 w.
1896. (In Engineering news, v.35, P-141-)
Mainly an extract from report of the city engineer. Discusses rate of flow of
sewage and its distribution, disposal of sludge, raking of beds, effect of frost on beds, etc.
Operation of the Pawtucket, R. I. sewage filter beds. 700 w. 1897.
(In Engineering record, v.35, p.295.)

74 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Operation of the sewage filter beds at Brockton, Mass. in 1899. 1,200 w.
1900. (In Engineering news, v.43, P-213-)
Figures given on the degree of pollution of the river water by the introduction of
the effluent and on the cost of operation of the plant.
Operation of the sewage filter beds of Brockton, ?ilass. in 1896. 2,300 w.
1897. (In Engineering news, v.3~, p.307.)
Review of report of city engineer, giving particular attention to crops of vegetables
raised on filter beds.
Rapid double filtration and aeration of sewage at Reading, Pa. 5 dr.
3 ill. 1898. (In Engineering news, v.39, p.50.)
Describes construction, operation and results from this disposal plant, finally working
satisfactorily.
Recent changes in sewage disposal, Worcester, Mass. 3,500 w. i dr.
1900. (In Engineering record, v.41, p.242.)
Includes historical sketch of the plant, which purifies the sewage by chemical precipitation,
with description of new filter beds constructed and methods for handling
the sludge.
Results obtained with the Ames sewage disposal works. 1,800 w. igoo.
(In Engineering record, v.41, p.177.)
Review of two papers by Weems and Pammel before the Iowa Engineering Society.
Gives chemical and bacteriological analyses at intervals extending over six months
at the plant of Iowa State College.
Sackett, R. L.
Sewage purification plant at the Eastern Indiana Hospital for the
Insane. 2,200 w. 2 ill. 1904. (In Proceedings of the Indiana Engineering
Society, v.24, P-140.)
Small plant, consisting of septic tank and four sand filters.
Sewage disposal at Acton, England. 750 w. 1891. (In Engineering
record, v.24, P-43-)
Describes works in which precipitant consists of salts of iron, aluminium and magnesium.
Sewage is then run through filter beds of magnetic, spongy carbon, mixed
with sand.
Sewage disposal at Aldershot [England]. 1,000 w. i89g. (In Engineering
record, v.40, p.603.)
Description of plant in which the sewage passes through primary and secondary
filter beds. Purification has been very successful.
Sewage disposal at Berlin, Ont. 2,400 w. 6 dr. 2 ill. igo5. (In Engineering
record, v.52, p.711.)
Plant consists of two septic tanks, storage tanks and 14 acres of intermittent sand
filters. Purification is complicated by presence of trade wastes in the sewage.
Sewage disposal at Brockton, ^Nlass. 2,000 w. i8gg. (In Engineering
record, v.40, p.121.)
inlormation is given on effect of sedimentation before the filtration of sewage.
Sewage disposal at Chorley, England. 1,000 w. i dr. i8g8. (In Engineering
record, v.38, p.560.)
Method of disposal consists of precipitation by "ferozone" and filtration through
filters containing polarite.
Sewage disposal at Elmhurst, N. Y. 2,200 w. 3 dr. 4 ill. igo5. (In
Engineering record, v.52, p.87.)
Plant designed to treat 1,000,000 gallons of sewage a day by sedimentation and
intermittent sand filtration.

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 75
Sewage disposal at Mendota, 111. goo w. 16 dr. igoo. (In Engineering
record, v.41, p.4g3.)
Intermittent sand filtration system.
Sewage disposal at Salford [England]. 2,300 w. i dr. 1896. (In
Engineer, London, v.8i, p.68.)
Purification at the time was by chemical precipitation, with filtration following.
Considers sand as efficient a material for filters as could be obtained.
Sewage disposal at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 4,500 w. 4 dr. 3 ill. 1905.
(In Engineering record, v.51, p.82.)
Description of plant consisting of septic tanks and intermittent sand filter beds.
Sewage disposal at Wauwatosa, Wis. 1,300 w. 5 dr. i ill. igoi. (In
Engineering record, v.44, P-565.)
Detailed description of septic tank and filter beds.
Sewage disposal at Woonsocket, R. I. 1,500 w. 5 dr. 2 ill. iSgg. (In
Engineering record, v.3g, p.250.)
Description of arrangements of settling basins and filter beds.
Sewage disposal by intermittent filtration at Leicester, Mass. 1,400 w.
igoo. (In Engineering news, v.43, P.23i.)
Sewage disposal for the Glenwood Children's Home, Mahoning county,
Ohio. 800 w. 4 dr. 1902. (In Engineering news, v.47, p.98.)
New system uses settling basin and intermittent sand filters.
Sewage disposal, Framingham and Marlborough, Mass. 1,800 w. 2 dr.
1894. (In Engineering record, v.2g, p.107.)
Small plants for disposal by intermittent filtration. Considerable success in raising
crops on Framingham filter beds.
Sewage disposal on land at Litchfield, Conn. 500 w. 1897. (In Engineering
news, v.38, p.285.)
Sewage disposal plant at the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Sandusky
[Ohio]. 3,000 w. 4 dr. 1909. (In Engineering review, New
York, v.ig. September, p.33.)
Sewage treated in septic tanks, followed by treatment on intermittent sand filters.
Cost data given.
Sewage disposal works. North Attleborough, Mass. 2,500 w. 6 dr.
igio. (In Engineering record, v.62, p.244.)
Description of works consisting of two settling tanks and i6 intermittent sand filters.
Sewage disposal works of Newton, New Jersey. 1,500 w. 3 dr. i ill.
igo7. (In Engineering record, v.55, P-472-)
Describes septic tanks and sand filters.
Sewage filter beds at Paris, Tex. 1,100 w. i dr. i ill. i8g7. (In Engineering
news, v.38, p.g8.)
Sewage filter beds at Waterloo, Ont. 900 w. 3 dr. i8g6. (In Engineering
news, v.35, p.222.)
Sewage filter beds of Altoona, Pa. i diag. i dr. i ill. i8g7. (In Engineering
news, v.38, p.50.)
Describes conditions and proposed intermittent filtration beds, giving estimated costs.

76 CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF PITTSBURGH
Sewage filtration at Winsford [England]. 3,300 w. 2 dr. i8g8. (In
Engineer, London, v.85, P-567-)
Discussion of very satisfactory results with intermittent filters.
Sewage purification at the Eastern Indiana Hospital for the Insane.
1,000 w. igo5. (In Engineering record, v.52, p.4g7.)
Sewage is treated in septic tank and on gravel filters.
Sewage purification by intermittent filtration at Central Falls, R. I.
1,000 w. I dr. 1898. (In Engineering news, v.40, p.133.)
Sewage purification by intermittent filtration at Spencer, Mass. 1,500 w.
3 dr. 1898. (In Engineering news, v.39, P-190.)
Shields, W. S.
Septic tank and sand filters at Downer's Grove, 111. 1,800 w. 3 dr.
1906. (In Engineering news, v.55, p.162.)
Condensed from paper before the Illinois Society of Engineers and Surveyors.
Shields, W. S.
Sewage disposal plant at Downer's Grove, 111. 1,600 w. 4 dr. i ill.
igo6. (In Engineering record, v.53, P127.)
Describes plant treating sewage in septic tanks, with subsequent sand filtration.
Small septic and nitrification sewage treatment plant near Chicago.
2,000 w. iSgg. (In Engineering news, v.42, p.155.)
Describes construction and operation of plant for large country club.
Turneaure, F. E.
New sewage disposal plant at Madison, Wis. 3,700 w. igoi. (In
Engineering news, v.46, p.286.)
The same. (In Engineering record, v.44, p.372.)
The same. (In Municipal engineering, v.21, p.302.)
Paper before the American Society of Municipal Improvements.
Plant consists of septic tank and coarse filters. Detailed description of arrangement
and construction.
Use of coQper sulphate at Pawtucket, R. I. to prevent the clogging of
sewage filter beds by blanket growth of micro-organisms. 2,500 w.
2 ill. 1907. (In Engineering news, v.57, p.379.)
From a bulletin of the Rhode Island state board of health.
Van Valkenburgh, J. J.
Sewage disposal plant at the state colony for the insane, Gardner,
Mass. 1,200 w. 6 dr. 4 ill. 1906. (In Journal of the Association of
Engineering Societies, v.36, p.134.)
Intermittent filtration through sand.
Watson, Irvine.
Sewage disposal at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 1,700 w. 2 dr. i ill.
1902. (In Municipal engineering, v.22, p.288.)
Describes septic tank installation, with filter beds in addition.
Weston, Robert Spurr.
Operation of the small sewage filters at Lake Kushaqua, N. Y.
400 w. 1906. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies,
v.36, p.131.)

SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT 77
Wetherbee, George H. jr.
Sewerage system of the Hyannis State Normal School. 600 w. i dr.
1906. (In Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies, v.36,
p.136.)
Briefly describes sand filters.
Through Continuous, Percolating, Sprinkling or Trickling Filters
General
Clark, H. W.
Eight years' work with trickling sewage filters at the Lawrence
Experiment Station.
v-57, P-397-)
5,000 w. i dr. i ill. 1907. (In Engineering news,
See also editorial, p.405.
Clifford, William.
On percolation beds. 4,500 w. 1908. (In Minutes of proceedings of
the Institution of Civil Engineers, v.172, p.283.)
The same, slightly condensed. 4,000 w. (In Engineering record, v.5g,
P-150-)
Studies percolation beds or trickling filters with special reference to rate of passage
of sewage through different filter materials.
Continuous filtration of sewage. i,6oo w. 1901. (In Engineering, wyz,
p.810.)
Editorial description and comment on Stoddart filter, constructed of coarse stones,
onto which the sewage is fed continuously in fine drops.
Experience with fine-grain percolating filters for sewage. 2,200 w.
I diag. 1906. (In Engineering record, v.54, P-444-)
Information from report by George Reid to the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal,
giving experience at Hanley, England.
Experimental treatment of effluents of sprinkling sewage filters.
1,700 w. 1908. (In Engineering record, v.58, p.615.)
Experiments on high degree of purification of effluents, mainly by use of coagulants
and mechanical filtration. Information is taken from report of the Massachusetts state
board of health.
Fuller, George W.
Notes on sprinkling filters for sewage treatment; a resume of American<b