Propagation Effects Handbook for Satellite Systems - DESCANSO ...

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I . -5 “ Figure 6.5-70 t EQUIVALENT PATH (KM) — MODEL FOR R PLUS ATMOSPHERIC GAS LOSS n 2 GHz OSU + 7.3 GHz McCORMICK & MAYNARD 030 GHz OSU I I I I 1 I 1 1 -20 1 I 1 I I I I 1 I 1 1 0 10 20 30 40 ELEVATION ANGLE (DEG) Predicted and Measured Signal Level as a Function of Elevation Angle 6-86
.U . . \ Table 6.5-1. Fading Data Predominantly Due to Scintillation from Satellites at Low Angles of Elevation Lacstkon Seteltite [CCIR Report 564-1, 19781 (de&at) FedirIs dete Unlted3Ungdom; ATS4 ; 30 GHz 6S 6.5 (dB)(peak-to-peak) Mmimumln bhzueehem,suffolk 3.3 10 (dB)(peek+o~-k) Iurbukent windy 2A 18 (dB)(peek.toXk) } COnditiong 0.3-1.2 0ccukoneldeepf8deg of20dB United Kingdom; Birmfr@rn ATS6;30GHZ 1-2 Slow enhznccments and Sudden fcdec of 20 dB USA ; Vi@nie [Stutzmerretul, 197s] ATS4;20GHZ 4.7:5.1 4.5 2-3dB Before zndafterllghtrekn 2-7dB Huyconditiom 8-15dB Pertly cloudy conditionr USA ; Ohio ATS-6;2and30GHz 2.8 0.38 3dBat2GHz 15dBat30GHz 7dBst2GHz 20 dB at 30 GHz I Mzximumeffectin cumulus Ctorrdr USA; Meuecheettz lDCSP; 7 GHz 10 0.03-0.2 dB r.m.c. 3 10dB r.tn.t. wu obzerved occesionztly in summer. Elwation engte fluctuations of up to O.O1° st 3’ elevation ● nd 0.002” at 10° elewion (r.rn.t VZIuer in S+nin period). Cenada; Eureke I#fynd ● t al, Anik 11; 1 Data zkmilar ● t the two frequenclet 4end6GHz Fades of 11 end 20 dB predicted for 1% and 0.1 %of worrt month. United ,Wngdom; Indian OceM 6.5 Goonhklly IHerrh, 19771 SateUite, (INTELSAT fV) 4end6GHz 3 dB (peebtoseek) exceeded fof 0.3% of time on 4 GHz down.lin~ in a 9-month continuous meezurementc USA; Merykend ATS+ ; 20 end 2.5-9 1.5 dB(peak.to-peek)819* t incrca~ti Ilppokito, 19761 30 GHz to 11 dB It 2.5° at 30 Gllz. Vatue$ at 20 GHz about 40-70%of thote at 30 GHz. Occezionzl deep ftdes during light rein. 6-87
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1 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6.1.1 purpose CH
Page 3 and 4:
,s Table 6.1-1. Guide to Sample Cal
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I . . 6.1.4 Other Propagation Effec
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. . collisions at normal atmospheri
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D 1000 100 10 1 U.S. Standard Atmos
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Frequency (GHz) 10 15 20 30 40 80 1
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If PW is not available from local w
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. . The equivalent heights for oxyg
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m t TEMPERATURE rC) o 5 10 15 20 25
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6.3 PREDICTION OF CUMULATIVE STATIS
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LSTATION LOCATION AND ELEVATION STE
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The models require the following in
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I z za E 100 g w ~ z z K 50 a) ALL
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B . . . t- I I I I I 1 11/1 - . . .
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.- . 9 s@EQ - If Z S D, compute the
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1 0.02 0.05 0.2 0.5 4. Compute D: U
Page 33 and 34:
I . ,. . ~ q 8 H v ~ 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.
Page 35 and 36: Step 6 Calculate the attenuation ex
Page 37 and 38: m I : STEP 1 SELECT CLIMATE ZONE FR
Page 39 and 40: 9 10.OOOO 1.0000 0,1ooo 0.0100 0.00
Page 41 and 42: 1 6.3.3 Estimates of Attenuation Gi
Page 43 and 44: ● We now proceed exactly as in th
Page 45 and 46: STEP 1 GIVEN: STATION PARAMETERS SA
Page 47 and 48: . B . . . 4. Repeat the process for
Page 49 and 50: . . ● 100 10 1.0 .1 .01 . . RAIN
Page 51 and 52: not normally available~ but empiric
Page 53 and 54: ● The intensity-duration-frequenc
Page 55 and 56: - GIVEN: STATION PARAMETERS OPERATI
Page 57 and 58: m I s 70 2(J I 10 0 a) BY SEASONS
Page 59 and 60: .“ ● change in rain rater the r
Page 61 and 62: m To x o 6 x(n wux!- (5 zawwvxw x 1
Page 63 and 64: ● ✎ ✎ ✎ 10 1 0.1 0.01 0 . -
Page 65 and 66: ● ✎ ✎ ✎ appears to be gener
Page 67 and 68: 6.4.2.3 Statistics of Microwave Eff
Page 69 and 70: ● For each hour’s observations,
Page 71 and 72: Plots of noise temperature and atte
Page 73 and 74: .- I where Lf is the fog extent~ in
Page 75 and 76: than a minute and on spatial scales
Page 77 and 78: . . . 022 = angle-of-arrival varian
Page 79 and 80: B . . Figure 6.5-2 represents the a
Page 81 and 82: - . . , 1 I t , 3 , I 1 # 1 1 aJ 0a
Page 83 and 84: I . . -. % i ! ~ * 76.00 I h 60.00
Page 85: I where the constants are the same
Page 89 and 90: o -5C \ A — . \ \ \ \ N- ● ●
Page 91 and 92: I 1 \ 0,, FADE DEPTHS I 1 l.d 0.1 1
Page 93 and 94: 9 m ELEVATION ANGLE [DEGREESI ELEVA
Page 95 and 96: Figure 6.5-12 is an example for thi
Page 97 and 98: equal. The fade distributions resul
Page 99 and 100: m . ANTENNA BEAMVVID~ (DEG) d o 0 w
Page 101 and 102: . . 6.5.5.2.2 Spatial Diversity. Pa
Page 103 and 104: fluctuation power at 1 Hz is on the
Page 105 and 106: develops (Pruppacher and Pitter-197
Page 107 and 108: .8 where: f = frequency, in GHz r =
Page 109 and 110: B . k 11.7 26 \ QHz DATA, CTS A VPl
Page 111 and 112: \ for the 11.7 GHz CTS beacon at 50
Page 113 and 114: ● these do not correlate well wit
Page 115 and 116: . However the XPD dependence on ele
Page 117 and 118: -. 50 40 30 20 10 0 . T(XPD < ABCIS
Page 119 and 120: 9 electrostatic fields discharge ra
Page 121 and 122: , f w m I
Page 123 and 124: . XPD 2 = XPD1 - 20 lo91~ f ~ 1 0.4
Page 125 and 126: ● 3.0 14 0.6 0.3 0,1 0.0s 0.03 0.
Page 127 and 128: where, for example, for the frequen
Page 129 and 130: L .- . ., not appear to be sufficie
Page 131 and 132: D ‘1 may be considered to be rece
Page 133 and 134: D - 0 m a 80 60 40 20 0 -20 \ — i
Page 135 and 136: m I s 1 \\ I , t Frequency (GHz) Fi
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-. Table 6.8-1. Cumulative Statisti
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D - The propagation margin is then
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1- * w -180 -190 -m -21 / ---+---4~
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- . . 6.9 UPLINK NOISE IN SATELLITE
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280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120
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6.10 REFERENCES Ahmed, I.Y. and L.J
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● International Telecommunication
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Atmospheric Emission observations,
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8.6 and 3.2 mm Radio Waves by Cloud
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I Strickland, J.I. (1974), “Radar
Page 157:
D Wulfsberg, K.N. (1964), “Appare
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