01-02 lecture indn 212 01 Intro 2011 - School of Design - Victoria ...

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Objectified trailer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9E2D2PaIcI
2

Industrial Design 212
Product based experiments
How many objects have you interacted with
today?
Why are you studying Design?
Anything made by humans is by its very nature
designed
People live their lives surrounded by designed
objects
Composing with Components

Paris
Sismo Design

Milan
Studio Santachiara

Seoul, South Korea
Samsung Electronics

Mexico City
UNAM
Paris
ENSCI Les Ateliers
Dunedin
Otago University
Delft, The Netherlands
Technical University of Delft
Wellington
Victoria University of Wellington

Tutors:
Helen Andreae
Richard Borrett
http://vimeo.com/25756104
http://www.ponoko.com/

IDDN 212 Project 1
Designing with components

COMPONENTS FOR LAMP DESIGN

• We need light to see. When light reaches an object some is absorbed and some
is reflected by the object. Some of the reflected light reaches the eye and enables
it to be seen.
In the diagram, light from the object passes through the pupil and is focused by
the lens onto the light sensitive retina. As can be seen, the image on the retina
is inverted, but this is corrected during processing in the visual cortex of the
brain.
LIGHT

The sun is the main source of natural light. It
is mainly incandescent light, coming from the
heat generated by nuclear fusion on the
surface of the sun.
The moon does not generate any light of its
own - it merely reflects sunlight, and is
therefore very weak.
Man had to develop other sources of light for
hours of darkness. These are collectively
known as artificial light. The earliest of these
sources was the flame.
LIGHT SOURCES
Ultra-violet picture of the sun's surface

INCANDESCENT

HALOGEN
What Is A Tungsten Halogen Lamp?
Incandescent lamps suffer from
blackening of the inner surface of the
envelope as a result of evaporation of
tungsten from the hot filament.
In the effort to improve efficacy and
reduce lamp size, this blackening effect
became more pronounced.
In the 1950's it was found that the addition
of a small amount of a halogen (a group
of elements which includes iodine and
bromine) could prevent the blackening.
Lamps with this addition became known
as tungsten halogen lamps.
These lamps are sometimes referred to as
quartz halogen lamps, as the envelope
is made not from glass, but from quartz,
which can better withstand the high
temperatures at which these lamps
operate.

REFLECTOR LAMPS
Low-voltage halogen lamps with
aluminium reflector Ø 111 mm
Axial filament for improved
light guidance and even
light distribution
UV-STOP glass
absorbs
harmful
UV-radiation
HALOGEN
Grip cap for
limitation of
direct glare and
easy handling
Facetted
reflector design
for even
illumination
Reduced
operating pressure
(max 2.5 bar) allows
operation (acc. To the norm
IEC 60 598-1)
even in luminaries
without a protective
shield

REFLECTOR LAMPS
Low-Voltage Halogen Lamps
with Aluminium Reflector:
Ø 51 mm, GU base
GU 5,3 base for
guided insertion
in the holder
and secure mounting
Coated reflector
neck to prevent
scattered light
Chamfered pins
for easy installation
HALOGEN
UV-STOP glass
absorbs harmful
UV radiation
State-of-the-art
reflector design for even
illumination
Axial filament for
improved light guidance
and even light
distribution
Reduced
operating pressure
(max 2.5 bar) allows
operation (acc. to
the norm IEC 598-1)
even in luminaries
without a protective
shield
The aluminium coating
reflects all the light
and heat forwards

TRANSFORMERS
Low voltage lamps must NEVER be operated directly from the
mains. Instead, an appropriately rated transformer or battery must
be used.
Conventional Transformers
Conventional transformers can be cubic or cylindrical in shape. The main
component is an iron core inside a copper coil. A typical cylindrical transformer
rated for a 50W lamp is similar in size to a jam-jar and weighs several pounds.
Whilst reliable, their drawbacks are size and weight.
An advantage of conventional transformers is that a phase control dimmer can
be used to regulate the mains voltage supplied to the transformer and dim the
lamp. Never connect such a dimmer to the output of the transformer.
HALOGEN

HALOGEN
Electronic Transformers
Low voltage lamps must NEVER
be operated directly from the mains.
Instead, an appropriately rated transformer
or battery must be used.
Electronic transformers use electronic
components that make them light and
compact.
OSRAM's HALOTRONIC MOUSE is an
electronic transformer specifically designed to
fit into small ceiling voids.
Note that special phase control dimmers have
to be used with HALOTRONIC transformers.
Using the wrong type of dimmer will cause the
lamps to flicker.

TIZIO Design: Richard Sapper 1972 Artemide

ILIOS Design:Ingo Maurer 1983 12V, 50 W Halogen

YA YA HO Design:Ingo Maurer 1982 12V Halogen System

CARDAN Design: Faller, Neuhorst 1998 12V, 35 W Spectral :

FLEXXXIBEL Design: P.Frieling, O. Michel 12 x 15 W/12V Lucefer

DROP Design:Fiedler & Raasch 2003 12V, 35 W Anta

BOB Design: Ingo Maurer 2000 Aluminium and Plastic 12 V, 50 W

OPTIC Design: Martin Huwiler 2000 12V, 100 W Touchtronic Belux

LASTRA Design: Antonio Citterio 2000 12 V, 6 x 35 W Flos

LASTRA Design: Antonio Citterio 2000 12 V, 8 x 35 W Flos

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS
Structure
Inside the glass tube of the lamp is an inert gas, either
argon or a mixture of argon and krypton, at a pressure of
only about 0.2% of atmospheric pressure. Also in the tube
is a very small quantity of mercury – between 3mg and
15mg depending on the size and type of the lamp. Mercury
is a metal and liquid at normal room temperature, but
inside an operating lamp which is hot, the mercury is in a
vapour form, but its vapour pressure is extremely low – in
fact only about 0.0007% of atmospheric pressure.
Fluorescent tubes and CFLs are technically referred to as
‘low pressure gas discharge lamps’.
At the ends of the tube are electrodes - usually referred to
as cathodes - which are electrically heated tungsten coils
coated with Barium Oxide which when hot, have the
property of releasing electrons.

Fluorescent Tubes
The first fluorescent lamps were straight tubes because the
technology to make them in other forms was not available until
the 1970s. Most fluorescent lamps in use today are still the
straight tube type because they are relatively cheap and provide
excellent light quality and economy of operation.
Because of their high luminous efficacy and long lamp life
(compared with incandescent lamps), virtually all commercial
and industrial lighting installations use fluorescent tubes. The
technology continuously advances, with smaller diameter tubes,
offering more light for longer and using less power.
Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
Fortunately, a fluorescent tube does not have to be straight to
work – it will operate just as well even if the tube is bent double
(or even treble). This has the advantage of making fluorescent
lamps more compact (hence the name) and conveniently allows
for all the electrical connections to be at one end of the lamp.
FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Control Gear
Fluorescent lamps are not designed to be operated directly from the mains supply.
All fluorescent lamps require a device to generate a high voltage (more than 240V) to initiate
the discharge and an additional device to control the discharge current. Unlike incandescent
lamps, fluorescent lamps cannot on their own control the current and would draw such high
currents from the mains that they would destroy themselves.
These devices are collectively referred to as ‘control gear’. A brief introduction to basic
magnetic, and more sophisticated electronic, control gear for operating a fluorescent tube
was given in Module 1 (Basic Electrical Principles). There is more detailed coverage of the
topic in the Control Gear module.
FLUORESCENT LAMPS

CONTROL GEAR
Due to the physical principle of gas
discharge, fluorescent lamps cannot
be operated directly on a mains
voltage system. The current that runs
through the lamp after ignition is
unlimited and could instantly destroy
the lamp. Therefore, fluorescent lamps
must be driven by current limiting
ballasts. Until recently, all fluorescent
lamps were operated by Conventional
Control Gear (CCG). Today, more and
more lamps are being driven by
Electronic Control Gear (ECG) due to
their many advantages.
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
Old
T12 lamp, starter and conventional control gear
New
MULTIWATT-ECG QT-FH (closed) and T5 fluorescent lamp (ø16mm)

All the major European lamp manufacturers (OSRAM, Philips, GE and SLI), use the same
coding system to identify their triphosphor and De Luxe phosphor fluorescent tubes. The
standardisation of marking triphosphor and De Luxe phosphor tubes greatly benefits the user
who can be certain of selecting the correct tube irrespective of the make.
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
The coding system
provides the user with the
three essential
parameters of the tube:
Lamp power (Wattage),
colour rendering (CRI
value) and colour
temperature (K).

By far the most popular version of fluorescent lamps is the straight tube – the same format as
the original invention in the early 1930s.
Different types of fluorescent tubes are identified by their diameter and length (as well as
their wattage). Although the European lamp manufacturers specify lamp dimensions in
millimetres, the original (American) system of specifying diameter in the number of eighths of
an inch and the length in feet, still persists in the lamp / electrical industry today.
T2 (7mm)
Introduced in 1993
T5 (16mm)
Introduced in 1996
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
T8 (26mm)
Introduced in 1970
T12 (38mm)
Introduced in 1932

COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

A compact fluorescent lamp (more frequently referred to as a ‘CFL’), is a fluorescent lamp
consisting of two or more short glass tubes bridged together by very small glass tubes. Some
CFLs are made by folding a long glass tube (softened by heating) into two or more shorter
sections, to produce the familiar ‘multi-turn’ format.
Fortunately, a fluorescent lamp does not have to have a straight tube to function. The
electrical discharge follows the bore of the tube irrespective of its contour. The advantage of
this construction, apart from reduced size, is that all the electrical connections can be
conveniently placed at one end of the lamp. This feature allows many CFLs to be used in light
fittings that are similar in size to those designed for conventional light bulbs, greatly extending
the scope of CFL applications.
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

Examples of ‘rated average lives’ for popular tubes and CFLs:
Lamp Type Control Gear Average Life
T12 CCG 8000 hours
T8 CCG 11000hours
T8 ECG 20000 hours
T5 (HE & HO) ECG 20000 hours
T5 (FC) ECG 12000 hours
DULUX ® S/D/T CCG 8000 hours
DULUX ® SE/DE/TE ECG 10 - 12000 hours
DULUX ® EL LONGLIFE ECG 15000 hours
DULUX ® EL ECONOMY ECG 8000 hours
DULUX ® EL CLASSIC LL ECG 10000 hours
DULUX ® EL CLASSIC ECON ECG 6000 hours
CCG = Coventional Control Gear ECG = Electronic Control Gear
COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS

NOMADE Design:Matthias Hühnlein Fluorescent Tube Regiolux

QUADRO Design:Georg Weitz 1998 4 x Fluorescent T5 Spectral

ECLIPSE Design:Torsten Neeland T5 Fluorescent Anta

NEON RING LAMP Design: Odin Design

SOFT LIGHT Design: Garage Blau 2001 Compact Fluorescent

CROSSLINK Design:ModularLighting Modular Light system – up to 30 lamps with one energy input compact flourescent

ONE LINE Design: Ora Ito 2004 Miniature Fluorecent tube FMT 2 Artemide

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES LEDs

Window layer
p-doped layer
active layer
(light generation)
n-doped layer
-
Cross-section
through an LED
Substrat
(absorbierend
oder
transparent)
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES LEDs
+
An LED consists of several layers of semiconductor
material
Light is generated in the active layer when the diode is
operated
The generated light is emitted either directly or by
reflection
In contrast to ordinary light bulbs that emit a
continuous spectrum, LED emit light of a particular
colour
The colour of the light depends on the material used
Two material systems (AllnGaP and InGaN) are used to
produce high-intensity LED in all colours from blue to
red and even white by luminescence conversion

LA BELLISSIMA BRUTTA Design: Ingo Maurer 1999 LED

TISCHLEUCHTE Design: Ingo Maurer LED

ZETT Design: Baltensweiler, Niederberger LED Lift reflector to switch on and off

Flexible OLED screen by Samsung
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES OLEDs

Light Form by Francesca Rogers and Daniele Gualeni Design StudioRead

Ingo Maurer

Philips You fade too Philips interactive OLED

HIGH POWER LIGHT EMITTING DIODES

ELECTROLUMINESCENT SHEETS AND WIRE

PROCEDURE

THE HIDDEN BEAUTY OF COMPONENTS

Initial concepts
Initial precedent
Final concept
Initial prototype trials. The tube has been wrapped in plastic then fully sealed. The tube was then broken, so the plastic then
forms the exterior of the tube. This in theory can then be shaped to suit.

White LED through clear acrylic
White LED through etched acrylic
CONCEPTdevelopment

White LED inserted into 10mm clear acrylic
With sand blasted background. Light picks
up the texture & illuminates plastic more than
Without sand blasting.
CONCEPTdevelopment

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

MATERIAL Photography: Peter Fraser

DESIGN DRIVEN BY COMPONENTS?

Coin lamp by Jethro Macey

Titanic by Charles Trevelyan

Torn lighting by Billy May

Abduction by Lasse Klein

Kundalini’s Abyss table lamp

Studio Mango

Chain lamp by Iliara Marelli

Hurdle lamp by Lee Suk Woo and Byeon Dong Jin

Troja Arc lamp by Hansandfranz

Fiat Lux lamp by Cate Hogdahl & Nelson Ruiz-Acal

The Light Drop by Rafael Morgan

Arturo Alvarez

Good Night Eileen by Christine Birkhoven

The Memento lamp by Hiroshi Yoneya and Yumi Masuko

Lull by Varmo l Kollstad l Buene

Blow table lamp by Studio Italia Design

Flap flap by Hopf & Wortmann

Bulbs unlimited

Tall and tiny by Rosignoli

Lamp No 1 by Nico Taliani

Takeshi Ishiguro

Lifegoods

Butterfly lamp by Vinta

eos mexico

Denis Santachiara

Woolen lamp by Jessica Neble

Liquid lamp by Okamoto

Kozo by Design2009

Light Form by Francesca Rogers and Daniele Gualeni Design StudioRead

97% soap by D-vision

D-vision

Ingo Maurer

- read through hand outs and get familiar with the course and project
- research (library, catalogues, internet)
- visit lighting companies, suppliers and get familiar with components
- start to develop ideas and approach from different viewpoints
- sketch, sketch, sketch,……
WHAT TO DO IN WEEK 1