The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism [1911] - Get a Free Blog

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256 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS E?f rbv ovpavbv ava&f/GOfiai, kiravu rav acrepuv Or/au TOV f)p6vov fiov... saojuai bfioiog rc3 Yt/^iOTw. 67. Originally he was the thunder-god, in Greek Kepawos. Under this name he appeared for instance on the bas-relief preserved in the museum of Brussels (Dussaud, Notes, p. 105). Later, by a familiar process, the influence of a particular god becomes the attribute of a greater divinity, and we speak of a Zeus KepaiWs (cf. Usener, Keraunos, Rhein. Museum, N. R, LX, 1901). This Zens Keraunios appears in many inscriptions of Syria (CIG, 4501, 4520; Le Bas-Waddington, 2195, 25570, 2631, 2739; cf. Roscher, Lexikon Myth., s. v. "Keraunos"). He is the god to whom Seleucus sacrificed when founding Seleucia (Malalas, p. 199), and a dedication to the same god has been found recently in the temple of the Syrian divinities at Rome (supra, n. 10). An equivalent of the Zeus Kerau nios is the Zeus Karat/3ar??s "he who descends in the light ning" worshiped at Cyrrhus (Wroth, Greek Coins in the British Museum : "Galatia, Syria," p. 52 and LTI ; Roscher, Lexikon, s. v.) 68. For instance the double ax was carried by Jupiter Doli- chenns (cf. supra, p. 147). On its significance, cf. Usener, loc. cit., p. 20. 69. Cf. Lidzbarski, Balsauiem, Ephem. semit. Epigr., I, p. 251. Ba al Samam is mentioned as early as the ninth century B. C. in the inscription of Ben Hadad (Pognon, Inscr. semit. , 1907, pp. 165 ff. ; cf. Dussaud, Rev. archcol., 1908, I, p. 235). In Aramaic papyri preserved at Berlin, the Jews of Elephan tine call Jehovah "the god of heaven" in an address to a Persian governor, and the same name was used in the alleged edicts of Cyrus and his successors, which were inserted in the book of Esdras (i. i; vi. 9, etc.) If there were the slightest doubt as to the identity of the god of thunder with of Et- Baalsamin, it would be dispelled by the inscription Tayibe, where this Semitic name is translated into Greek as Zevs fieyiffros Kcpavvios ; cf. Lidzbarski, Handbuch, p. 477> an d Lagrange, op. cit., p. 508. 70. On the worship of Baalsamin, confused with Ahura- Mazda and transformed into Caelus, see Mon. myst. Mithra, p. 87. The texts attesting the existence of a real cult of
NOTES SYRIA. 257 heaven among the Semites are very numerous. Besides the ones I have gathered (loc. cit., n. 5) ; see Conybeare, Philo about the Contemplative Life, p. 33, n. 16; Kayser, Das Buck dcr Erkenntniss der Wahrheit, 1893, p. 337, and infra, n. 75. Zeus Ovpai>ics; Le Bas-Waddington, 2720 a (Baal of Betocece) ; Renan, Mission de Phenicic, p. 103. Cf. Archiv fur Religions- wissenschaft, IX, 1906, p. 333. 71. Coins of Antiochus VIII Grypus (125-96 B. C.) ; Babe- Ion, Rois de Syrie, d Anncnic, 1890, p. CLIV, pp. 178 ff. 72. All these qualities ascribed to the Baals by astrological paganism (V^KTTOS, ira.vTOK.pa.Tup, etc.), are also the attributes which, according to the doctrine of Alexandrian Judaism, characterized Jehovah (see supra, n. 66). If he was originally a god of thunder, as has been maintained, the evolution of the Jewish theology was parallel to that of the pagan con ceptions (see supra, n. 69). 73. On this subject cf. Jupiter summus exsupcrantissimus (Archiv f. Rcligionsw., IX), 1906, pp. 326 ff. 74. Ps.-Iamblichus, De mysteriis, VI, 7 (cf. Porph., Epist. Ancb., c. 29), notes this difference between the two religions. 75. Apul., Met., VIII, 25. Cf. CIL, III, 1090; XII, 1227 ( Dessau, 2998, 4333) ; Macrobius, Couun. somn. Scipionis, I, 14, 2 : "Nihil aliud esse deum nisi caelum ipsum et caelestia ipsa quae cernimus, ideo ut summi omnipotentiam del ostenderet posse vix intellegi." I, 23, 21. "IIXios ira.vTOKpd.Tus : Macrob., 76. Diodorus, II, 30 : Xa/WaZof TI/V TOV K.6afj.ov (pvaiv aidwv tyaaiv clvai K. T. -\ ; c f. Cicero, Nat. deor., II, 20, 52 ff. ; Pliny, H. N., II, 8, 30. The notion of eternity was correlative with that of elfj.apfievn ; c f. Ps.-Apul., Asclcp., 40; Apul., DC deo Socratis, c. 2: "(The planets) quae in deflexo cursu. . . .meatus aeter- nos divinis vicibus efficiunt." This subject will be more fully treated in my lectures on "Astrology and Religion" (chaps. IV-V). 77. At Palmyra: De Vogue, Inscr. scui., pp. 53 ff., etc. On the first title, see infra, n. 80. 78. Note especially CIL, VI, 406 = 30758, where Jupiter Dolichenus is called Actcrnus conservator totius poli. The
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ORIENTAL RELIGIONS IN ROMAN PAGANIS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF F
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INTRODUCTION. philosophy, religion,
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INTRODUCTION. the death of the wick
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INTRODUCTION. a summary from Classi
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INTRODUCTION. Kill ;, Farnell, and
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PREFACE. IN November, 1905, the Col
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PREFACE. XV11 about purification em
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PREFACE. XIX An illustration will m
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PREFACE. XXI morality viewed from t
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PREFACE. XXlll ities, but to attain
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. TN t
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2 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. vicinity
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4 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. apparatus
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v/ 6 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tivate
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8 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Assyrian
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10 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to-day p
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12 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and cert
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14 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the stud
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16 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS calumnies
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\l 18 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. sculp
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WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SPREAD.
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j 22 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. but it
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24 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ing. Ita
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* ; 26 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pose
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!, above 28 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS.
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30 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and lost
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J 32 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Maneth
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34 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. popular
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36 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. a-nd res
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38 , THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Varro,
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40 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. else it
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42 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. administ
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44 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Compared
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ASIA MINOR. r T A HE first Oriental
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48 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. celebrat
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1 50 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The re
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V 52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The en
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54 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Iris. Li
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56 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. suspicio
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58 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ern fire
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60 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Another
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(52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. founded
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64 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Minor, w
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66 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. teries,
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68 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. modified
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70 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. selves i
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72 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shower b
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74 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. know ver
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76 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. edifying
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78 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tiquity
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80 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Asia Min
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82 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tain in
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84 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shaking
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86 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. transfer
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88 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. blichus
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90 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ond cent
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92 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pected t
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94 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. statues,
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96 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. his name
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98 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was the
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100 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. fate of
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102 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. refresh
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104 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. gatis,
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106 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. waited
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108 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Spain.
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110 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. as Turk
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112 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. legiona
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114 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. conside
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116 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of the
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118 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ingenio
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120 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the Rom
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122 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. also ha
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124 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ceived
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126 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it shar
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128 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Caelus,
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130 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. born to
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132 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. life fu
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134 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to send
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136 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. duel be
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138 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Orienta
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140 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of road
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142 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. people
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THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ia Minor wa
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146 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Aramaic
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148 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. "J
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v 150 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. entir
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152 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Mithrai
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154 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tempter
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156 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. in the
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158 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ness an
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160 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. flnence
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ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. WHEN we consid
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164 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. prophet
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166 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the moo
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168 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. would h
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170 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it impl
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172 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pathy,
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174 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. assimil
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176 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. time, b
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178 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to asce
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180 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. alive a
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182 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Ananke.
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184 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was par
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186 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. yoking
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188 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. clergy
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190 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. them.?
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROMAN PAGANIS
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198 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. nal red
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200 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. feature
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202 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. minds.
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204 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of a rh
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Page 245 and 246: NOTES. PREFACE. 1. We are indebted
Page 247 and 248: NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 215 zwei
Page 249 and 250: NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 217 rb t
Page 251 and 252: NOTES WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SP
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Page 255 and 256: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 223 gressive diff
Page 257 and 258: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 225 7. The develo
Page 259 and 260: NOTES ASIA MINOR. 227 tainly was un
Page 261 and 262: NOTES EGYPT. 229 where may be found
Page 263 and 264: NOTES EGYPT. 231 (Dc Decal., 16, II
Page 265 and 266: NOTES EGYPT. 233 fifth century are
Page 267 and 268: NOTES EGYPT. 235 tained that these
Page 269 and 270: NOTES EGYPT. 237 cient Egyptian ser
Page 271 and 272: NOTES EGYPT. 239 366 fif.). On a ta
Page 273 and 274: NOTES SYRIA. 241 which stands both
Page 275 and 276: NOTES SYRIA. 243 I4i6s 8 . Inscript
Page 277 and 278: IV, 2). Cf. Patily-Wissowa, Realenc
Page 279 and 280: NOTES SYRIA. 247 futable testimony.
Page 281 and 282: NOTES SYRIA. 249 1907, No. 48) has
Page 283 and 284: NOTES SYRIA. 251 karth), and of a P
Page 285 and 286: NOTES SYRIA. 253 astrological relig
Page 287: NOTES SYRIA. 255 persons of the sta
Page 291 and 292: NOTES SYRIA. 259 Bedeutung Welt die
Page 293 and 294: NOTES PERSIA. 261 instance, through
Page 295 and 296: NOTES PERSIA. 263 with excellent no
Page 297 and 298: NOTES PERSIA. 265 p. 591 Lidzbarski
Page 299 and 300: NOTES PERSIA. 267 cium (Jahresh. In
Page 301 and 302: NOTES PERSIA. 269 45. Cf. Bousset,
Page 303 and 304: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 271 anti
Page 305 and 306: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 273 23.
Page 307 and 308: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 275 fur
Page 309 and 310: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 277 froA
Page 311 and 312: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 279 serv
Page 313 and 314: NOTES THE TRANSFORMATION OF PAGANIS
Page 319 and 320: NOTES THE TRANSFORM.\TIOX OF PAGANI
Page 321 and 322: Ablutions, Ritualistic, 208. Absolu
Page 323 and 324: Carpentum of Cybele, 225 n. 20. Cat
Page 325 and 326: egory of Tours, 108. uppe, xiii. ad
Page 327 and 328: Minucius Felix, 84. Mithra, x, 22,
Page 329 and 330: Sacrifice, Human, 119. Sagittarius,
Page 333: BL Q05 G813 cop. 2 209104216010 )UL
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