The Oriental Religions in Roman Paganism [1911] - Get a Free Blog

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284 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. 19. Ambrosiaster, Comm. in Epist. Pauli, p. 58 B : "Dicentes per istos posse ire ad Deum sicut per comites pervenire ad regem" (cf. Rev. his. lit. rel, VIII, 1903, p. 427). The same idea was set forth by Maximus of Turin (Adv. pag., col. 791) and by Lactantius (Inst. div., II, 16, 5 ff., p. 168 Brandt) ; on the celestial court, see also Arnobius, II, 36; Tertullian, ApoL, 24. Zeus bore the name of king, but the Hellenic Olym pus was in reality a turbulent republic. The conception of a supreme god, the sovereign of a hierarchical court, seems to have been of Persian origin, and to have been propagated by the magi and the mysteries of Mithra. The inscription of the Nemroud Dagh speaks of Aios Qpop&adov 6p6vovs (supra, ch. VI, n. 26), and, in fact, a bas-relief shows Zeus-Oramasdes sitting on a throne, scepter in hand. The Mithra bas-reliefs likewise represent Jupiter Ormuzd on a throne, with the other gods standing around him (Mon. myst. Mithra, I, p. 129; II, p. 188, fig. n) ; and Hostanes pictured the angels sitting around the throne of*God (supra, ch. VI, n. 38; see Rev. iv). Moreover, the celestial god was frequently compared, not to a king in general, but to the Great King, and people spoke of his satraps ; cf. Pseudo-Arist, nepi K6<T/j.ov, c. 6, p. 398 a, 10 ff. =r Apul., De mundo, c. 26; Philo, De opif. mundi, c. 23, 27 (p. 24, 17; 32, 24, Cohn) ; Maximus of Turin, X, 9; and Capelle, Die Schrift von der Welt (Neue Jahrb. fur das klass. Altert., VIII), 1905, p. 556, n. 6. Particularly important is a passage of Celsus (Origen, Contra Cels., VIII, 35) where the relation of this doctrine to the Persian demonology is shown. But the Mazdean conception must have combined, at an early date, with the old Semitic idea that Baal was the lord and master of his votaries (supra, p. 94 ff.). In his Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte (2d. ed., 1906, p. 364 ff.), Holtzmann insists on the fact that the people derived their conception of the kingdom of God from the pattern of the Persian monarchy. See also supra, p. in. A comparison similar to this one, which is also found among the pagans of the fourth century, is the comparison of heaven with a city (Nectarius in St. Aug., Epist., 103 [Migne, P. L., XXXIII, col. 386] ) : "Civitatem quam magnus Deus et bene meritae de eo animae habitant," etc. Compare the City of God of St. Augustine and the celestial Jerusalem of the Jews
NOTES THE TRANSFORMATION OF PAGANISM. 285 (Bousset, Religion dcs Judentums, 1903, p. 272). Cf. also Manilius, V, 735 it. 20. August., Epist. 16 [48] (Migne, Pat. Lat., XXXIII, col. 82) : "Equidem untim esse Deum summum sine initio, sine prole naturae, seu patrem magnum atque magnificum, quis tam demens, tarn mente captus neget esse certissimum? Huius nos virtutes per mundanum opus diffusas multis vocabulis in- vocamus, quoniam nomen eius cuncti proprium videlicet ig noramus. Nam Deus omnibus religionibus commune nomen est. Ita fit ut, dum eius quasi quaedam membra carptim variis stipplicationibus prosequimur, totum colere profecto videamur." And at the end: "Dii te servent, per quos et eorum atque cunctorum mortalium communem patrem, universi mortales, quos terra sustinet, mille modis concordi discordia, veneramur et colimus." Cf. Lactantius Placidus, Comm. in Stat. Theb., IV, 516. Another pagan (Epist., 234 [21], Migne, P. L., XXXIII, col. 1031) speaks "deorum comitatu vallatus, Dei utique potestatibus emeritus, id est eius unius et universi et incomprehensibilis et ineffabilis infatigabilisque Creatoris impletus virtutibus, quos (read quas) ut verum est angelos dicitis vel quid alterum post Deum vel cum Deo aut a Deo aut in Deum." 21. The two ideas are contrasted in the Paneg. ad Constantin. Aug., 313 A. D., c. 26 (p. 212, Bahrens ed.) sator, cuius tot nomina sunt quot gentium linguas esse voluisti (quem enim te ipse dici velis, scire non possumus), sive tute quaedam vis mensque divina es, quae toto infusa mundo om nibus miscearis elementis et sine ullo extrinsecus accedente vigoris impulsu per te ipsa movearis, sive alique supra omne caelum potestas es quae hoc opus tuum ex altiore naturae arce : "Summe rerum despicias." Compare with what we have said of Jupiter ex- sup erantissimus (p. 190). 22. Macrobius, Sat., I, 17 ff. ; cf. Firm. Mat., Err. prof, rcl, c. 8; Mon. myst. Mithra, I, 338 ff. Some have supposed that the source of Macrobius s exposition was lamblichus. 23. Julian had intended to make all the temples centers of moral instruction (Allard, Julien I Apostat, II, i86ff.), and this great idea of his reign was partially realized after his death. His homilies were little appreciated by the bantering
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ORIENTAL RELIGIONS IN ROMAN PAGANIS
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80S Co*> COPYRIGHT BY THE OP
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TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTIO
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INTRODUCTION. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF F
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INTRODUCTION. philosophy, religion,
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INTRODUCTION. the death of the wick
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INTRODUCTION. a summary from Classi
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INTRODUCTION. Kill ;, Farnell, and
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PREFACE. IN November, 1905, the Col
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PREFACE. XV11 about purification em
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PREFACE. XIX An illustration will m
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PREFACE. XXI morality viewed from t
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PREFACE. XXlll ities, but to attain
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. TN t
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2 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. vicinity
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4 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. apparatus
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v/ 6 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tivate
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8 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Assyrian
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10 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to-day p
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12 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and cert
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14 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the stud
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16 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS calumnies
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\l 18 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. sculp
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WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SPREAD.
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j 22 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. but it
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24 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ing. Ita
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* ; 26 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pose
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!, above 28 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS.
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30 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. and lost
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J 32 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Maneth
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34 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. popular
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36 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. a-nd res
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38 , THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Varro,
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40 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. else it
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42 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. administ
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44 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Compared
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ASIA MINOR. r T A HE first Oriental
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48 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. celebrat
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1 50 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The re
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V 52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. The en
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54 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Iris. Li
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56 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. suspicio
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58 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ern fire
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60 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Another
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(52 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. founded
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64 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Minor, w
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66 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. teries,
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68 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. modified
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70 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. selves i
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72 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shower b
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74 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. know ver
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76 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. edifying
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78 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tiquity
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80 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Asia Min
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82 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tain in
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84 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. shaking
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86 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. transfer
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88 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. blichus
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90 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ond cent
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92 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pected t
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94 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. statues,
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96 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. his name
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98 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was the
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100 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. fate of
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102 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. refresh
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104 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. gatis,
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106 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. waited
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108 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Spain.
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110 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. as Turk
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112 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. legiona
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114 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. conside
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116 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of the
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118 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ingenio
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120 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the Rom
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122 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. also ha
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124 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ceived
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126 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it shar
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128 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Caelus,
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130 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. born to
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132 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. life fu
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134 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to send
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136 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. duel be
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138 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Orienta
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140 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of road
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142 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. people
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THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ia Minor wa
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146 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Aramaic
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148 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. "J
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v 150 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. entir
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152 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Mithrai
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154 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. tempter
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156 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. in the
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158 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. ness an
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160 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. flnence
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ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. WHEN we consid
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164 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. prophet
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166 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the moo
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168 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. would h
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170 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. it impl
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172 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. pathy,
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174 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. assimil
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176 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. time, b
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178 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. to asce
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180 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. alive a
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182 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. Ananke.
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184 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. was par
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186 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. yoking
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188 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. clergy
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190 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. them.?
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROMAN PAGANIS
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198 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. nal red
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200 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. feature
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202 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. minds.
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204 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. of a rh
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-4 J 206 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. br
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\ I 208 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. the
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210 THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS. But, wi
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NOTES. PREFACE. 1. We are indebted
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NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 215 zwei
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NOTES ROME AND THE ORIENT. 217 rb t
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NOTES WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SP
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NOTES WHY THE ORIENTAL RELIGIONS SP
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NOTES ASIA MINOR. 223 gressive diff
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NOTES ASIA MINOR. 225 7. The develo
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NOTES ASIA MINOR. 227 tainly was un
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NOTES EGYPT. 229 where may be found
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NOTES EGYPT. 231 (Dc Decal., 16, II
Page 265 and 266: NOTES EGYPT. 233 fifth century are
Page 267 and 268: NOTES EGYPT. 235 tained that these
Page 269 and 270: NOTES EGYPT. 237 cient Egyptian ser
Page 271 and 272: NOTES EGYPT. 239 366 fif.). On a ta
Page 273 and 274: NOTES SYRIA. 241 which stands both
Page 275 and 276: NOTES SYRIA. 243 I4i6s 8 . Inscript
Page 277 and 278: IV, 2). Cf. Patily-Wissowa, Realenc
Page 279 and 280: NOTES SYRIA. 247 futable testimony.
Page 281 and 282: NOTES SYRIA. 249 1907, No. 48) has
Page 283 and 284: NOTES SYRIA. 251 karth), and of a P
Page 285 and 286: NOTES SYRIA. 253 astrological relig
Page 287 and 288: NOTES SYRIA. 255 persons of the sta
Page 289 and 290: NOTES SYRIA. 257 heaven among the S
Page 291 and 292: NOTES SYRIA. 259 Bedeutung Welt die
Page 293 and 294: NOTES PERSIA. 261 instance, through
Page 295 and 296: NOTES PERSIA. 263 with excellent no
Page 297 and 298: NOTES PERSIA. 265 p. 591 Lidzbarski
Page 299 and 300: NOTES PERSIA. 267 cium (Jahresh. In
Page 301 and 302: NOTES PERSIA. 269 45. Cf. Bousset,
Page 303 and 304: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 271 anti
Page 305 and 306: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 273 23.
Page 307 and 308: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 275 fur
Page 309 and 310: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 277 froA
Page 311 and 312: NOTES ASTROLOGY AND MAGIC. 279 serv
Page 313 and 314: NOTES THE TRANSFORMATION OF PAGANIS
Page 315: NOTES THE TRANSFORMATION OF PAGANIS
Page 319 and 320: NOTES THE TRANSFORM.\TIOX OF PAGANI
Page 321 and 322: Ablutions, Ritualistic, 208. Absolu
Page 323 and 324: Carpentum of Cybele, 225 n. 20. Cat
Page 325 and 326: egory of Tours, 108. uppe, xiii. ad
Page 327 and 328: Minucius Felix, 84. Mithra, x, 22,
Page 329 and 330: Sacrifice, Human, 119. Sagittarius,
Page 333: BL Q05 G813 cop. 2 209104216010 )UL
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