Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in - Florida Fish and ...
Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in - Florida Fish and ...
Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in - Florida Fish and ...
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TABLES<br />
Table 1. Preferred forages <strong>of</strong> <strong>white</strong>-<strong>tailed</strong> <strong>deer</strong> (Odocoileus virg<strong>in</strong>ianus) <strong>in</strong> seven habitats <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Florida</strong> (F = flatwoods; POU = p<strong>in</strong>e – oak upl<strong>and</strong>s; S = swamps; H = hammocks; P =<br />
prairies; SPSO = s<strong>and</strong> p<strong>in</strong>e – scrub oak; FWM = fresh water marshes) (Harlow <strong>and</strong><br />
Jones 1965).<br />
Scientific Name Common Name Plant Part F<br />
Quercus spp. oak leaves/acorns X X X X X<br />
Basidiomycetes<br />
mushrooms entire X X X X<br />
Serenoa repens<br />
saw palmetto berries X X<br />
Sabal etonia<br />
scrub palmetto berries X<br />
Sabal palmetto<br />
cabbage palm berries X<br />
Trilisa odoratissima<br />
vanillaleaf leaves/acorns X<br />
Ilex glabra<br />
bitter gallberry or <strong>in</strong>kberry leaves/twigs/berries X X X<br />
Ilix coriacea<br />
sweet gallberry leaves/twigs/berries X X X<br />
Ilex cass<strong>in</strong>e<br />
dahoon holly leaves/twigs/berries X X X X<br />
Ilex vomitoria<br />
yaupon holly leaves/twigs X X<br />
Itea virg<strong>in</strong>ica<br />
Virg<strong>in</strong>ia willow leaves/twigs X X<br />
Smilax spp.<br />
greenbrier leaves/v<strong>in</strong>e/berries X X X X X X<br />
Cliftonia monophylla<br />
black titi leaves/twigs X X<br />
Kalmia hirsuta<br />
hairy laurel or wicky leaves/twigs X X<br />
Vacc<strong>in</strong>ium myrs<strong>in</strong>ites<br />
blueberry leaves/twigs X X X<br />
Osmunda regalis<br />
royal fern fronds X X X<br />
Rhus copall<strong>in</strong>um<br />
w<strong>in</strong>ged sumac fruit<strong>in</strong>g heads X X<br />
Magnolia virg<strong>in</strong>iana<br />
sweet bay leaves/twigs X X<br />
Gelsemium sempervirens<br />
jessam<strong>in</strong>e leaves/v<strong>in</strong>e/berries X<br />
Nyssa spp. black gum <strong>and</strong> sweet tupelo fruits X<br />
Taxodium spp.<br />
bald <strong>and</strong> pond cypress leaves/twigs X<br />
Gram<strong>in</strong>eae<br />
broadbladed grasses stems/blades X X X X<br />
Legum<strong>in</strong>osae<br />
legumes leaves/stems X X<br />
Juncus effusus<br />
s<strong>of</strong>t rush stems/blades X X X<br />
Rubus spp.<br />
blackberry <strong>and</strong> dewberry leaves/twigs X X X<br />
Acer rubrum<br />
red maple leaves X X<br />
P<strong>in</strong>us spp.<br />
p<strong>in</strong>e needles X X X<br />
Viburnum spp.<br />
virburnum <strong>and</strong> haw leaves/twigs X X<br />
Diospyros virg<strong>in</strong>iana common persimmon fruits X X<br />
Vitis spp.<br />
grape leaves X X<br />
Centella rep<strong>and</strong>a<br />
spadeleaf stem/leaves X X X<br />
Nymphaea odorata<br />
American <strong>white</strong> waterlily leaves X X X<br />
Dr<strong>in</strong>um americanum<br />
swamp lily leaves X X X<br />
Salix spp.<br />
willow leaves/twigs X X X<br />
Hymenocallis tridentata<br />
spider lily leaves X<br />
Ludwigia natans creep<strong>in</strong>g primrose willow leaves X X<br />
Jussiaea peruviana<br />
Peruvian primrose willow leaves X X X<br />
Monotropa brittonii<br />
Indian pipe entire X X X<br />
Garberia fruticosa<br />
garberia leaves/twigs X<br />
Brasenia spp.<br />
water shield leaves X X<br />
Berchemia sc<strong>and</strong>ens<br />
rattan v<strong>in</strong>e leaves/twigs X<br />
Hypericum spp. St. John's wort <strong>and</strong> s<strong>and</strong>weed leaves/twigs X X<br />
47<br />
POU<br />
S<br />
H<br />
P<br />
SPSO<br />
FWM
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