1 - Clpdigital.org

—
__•
!
Come On America—I>ets FIVJ

NOW
RATED WORLD 1
The Book That
Has Shown Thousands The Wa
lb Amazing Salary Increases
Do you want to leave the rut of routine work and start right out
making more money than you ever dreamed possible? We have
done exactly this for thousands of men. Here is the book which
gave them their start. Read how it is now offered to you—FREE!
T A K E this situation : A man who had worked outwit competition and make tlie prospect act.
all his life ln a routine job at low pay suddenly
surprises his friends by moving into a better Simple As A B C
neighborhood, taking a hig house, buying a car and "Modern Salesmanship" tells exactly how the
blossoming out as a well-to-do and influential citizen National Salesmen's Training Association will
in his new community. How did he do it? What is teach you these principles In your spare time at
the secret that he used? Simple enough. lie knew home.
that the biggest money in business is in Selling, and As soon as you are qualified and ready tbe
though he felt that he couldn't sell a thing, he Association's Employment Service helps you to
suddenly learned the secrets that make Master Sales­ select and secure a selling position as city or
men and then began to make big money.
traveling salesman.
If only one man had found inspiration enough In
this remarkable book to jump to a sudden brilliant
success in the Selling field—into a job paying him
many times his former salary—then you might call
it luck. But thousands have done it.
Now Free to Every Man Who
Will Act At Once
We are not making any extravagant claims about
what we will do for you. We don't have to. All of
tbe amazing proof and many Important features
Your One Chance to Make the Biggest about Salesmanship are contained in our new salary
Money of Your Life
Charles Beery of Winterest,
Iowa, stepped from $18 a
week as a clerk to a position
making him $1,000 the very
first month. J. P. Overstreet
of Pennison, Texas, read this
amazing book, left a job on
the Capitol Police Force at a
salary of less than $1,000 a
year and In six weeks earned
$1,800. F. Wynn, Portland,
Ore., an ex-service man,
earned $554.37 ln one week.
Geo. W. Kearns of Oklahoma
City, found in this book a
way to jump his earning
from $00.00 a month to
$524.00 In two weeks, and C.
W. Campbell learned from ft
how he could quit a clerking
job on tbe railroad to earn
$1,632 In thirty days.
Not one of the men
whose name appears in
tbe column to the left
had ever sold a thing
before — not a dime's
worth. Yet every one
of these men through
reading tbis boob discovered
an amazingly
easy way to Jump suddenly
from low pay to
extraordinary earnings
in the selling field.
Sounds remarkable.
doesn't it? Yet there is
nothing remarkable
ahout It. There are certain
ways to approach
di fferent types of prospects
to get their undivided
attention—certain
ways to stimulate keen
Interest — certain ways
to overcome objections,
batter down prejudices,
raising book, "Modern Salesmanship." It is vours—
FREE. Send the coupon for It today. It will show
you how you can quickly become a Master Salesman
—a big money maker. It will tell you about the
National Salesmen's Training Association system of
Salesmanship training—about the National* Demonstration
method that gives you actual experience
while studying—and all about the amazing oppor
tunlties that await you In the selling field.
This may be the one big chance of your life to
leave forever behind you the low pay of a routine
job for a sudden, brilliant sueccss at a big salary.
Is it worth 2c to find out? Then mail this
coupon NOW.
NATIONAL SALESMEN'S TRAINING ASSOCIATION
Dept. 45-M, Chicago, lllinoi.
National Salesmen's Training Association, Dent. 45-M, Chicago. 111
Please semi me, without any obligation on mv part
your free Book. "Modern Salesmanship," nnd full
Information about the X. S. T. A. system of Salesmanship
training anil Employment Service. Also a list showing lines
of businesses with openings for salesmen.
Name
Street
City
Age Occupation
Kindly mention Illustrated World ivhen writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WC.
LetMePayYou
$12forl5M_mite
$215 in One
Day
"Ye gods—some seller! I made
$215 todav!"
F. W. Bentley,
of Philadelphia.
Buys Car With Profits
"Have earned enough In one
month to buy mt* a new auto."
S. W. Knappen, Cal.
$7 Profit per Hour
"I started out and made $21.50
ln about 3 hours. The Oliver
does the work. It certainly is the
rial thing."
L. Zucker, Ohio.
"Sells Like Beer in a
Dry Town"
"Am sending today for 7 Olivers.
This is one day's orders ($85 profit).
Selling like beer in a dry town."
\V. H. Drew, Mich.
Mr. T's 28th Order in
Six Months
"Ship 52 Olivers, 10 No. 30;
6 No. 1; 12 No. 2; 24 No. 4."
(Mr. T's profit on this order alone
is $711).
G. T., Ottawa, Ont.
Russell Earned $3,300
in Five Months
"Have averaged $660 profit a
montli for last six months."
A. M. Russel, Conn.
Carneoey—
$1000 a Month
"Am making $1000 per month.
I have made hig money before.
hut did not expect so much.
Burner is just the thing."
Your
J. Carnegey, S. J>.
Berger—
$258.50 per Week
"Send following weekly hereafter:
10 No. 1; 8 No. 2; 4 No. 5."
It. Berger, Ont.
$11.75 in Ten Minutes
"I took order for a neighbor.
$11.75 profit In ten minutes."
Mra. N. B., Hattiesburg, Miss.
$43 in One Evening
"I made $4.' last night selling
Oliver Burners."
N. B. Chelan. Wash.
Oliver Oil-Gas Burner and Machine Co.
201 9-U Oliver Bide., St. Louis, Mo.
Please send me full facts about how I can
make at least $0,000 a year representing you in
my territory. Also your plan If I just wish to
make big money in my spare time.
B. M. OLIVER
The _ B man wl o built the Oldest at
Manufactui
Burners in the World. Now he wai
show you how to male $12 lor 15 mi
of your time! Read what he has doi
others right on this page.
ofYburThne
Y E S , $12 for 15 minutes of your
time. This wonderful invention
practically sells itself. Just this
little short-time demonstration puts
the sale over for you. And you pocket
the big profit. Read how easily others
are drawing down enormous earnings.
No wonder this amazing new invention is
bringing fortunes to agents. All over the whole
country this new device is doing away with oldfashioned
methods of beating with coal stoves,
ranges and furnaces. Already over $1,000,000
worth have been sold. You can readily understand
why this new invention—the Oliver Perfected
Oil-Gas Burner—is sweeping over the
country like wildfire. It does away with all the
expense of coal—making every stove a modern
oil-gas burner. Saves money, time and drudgery.
Three times the heat of any other method—right
on tap when the housewife wants it. No wonder
agents are riding in on the tide of big Oliver
profits.
New Invention Is Sweeping
Salesmen Into Big Profits
A G E N T S find it no work at all to
sell this amazing invention—the
" Oliver new improved Oil-Gas Burner.
They just show it—taking only one
minute to connect it—then light it. And
the sale Is made! This new invention Is
its own salesman. It sells itself! About
II. minutes does it. The Oliver Oil-Gas
Burner Is the most timely thing that could
he put out. It dispenses entirely with coal
and wood when both are now high-priced. It
burns the cheapest fuel—oil. It saves a
woman work now in times when she is looking
for just such things. Just as much or
as little heat as wanted, off and on Instnatly
by simply turning a valve. It makes an
immediate hit with her. Because in the winter
It gives her 3 times the heat of any
other method. And ln summer she has heat
for her cook stove or range whenever she
wants it—hut does not have to have a hot,
roasting kitchen.
The Secret of Big Money
— Any Season of the Year
Of course, now that you know the facts,
you yourself can understand why this new invention
Is going over like wildfire! And you
can understand why F.
w Bentley made $215 in
____• -___• « •_•_! one day. Why .1. Carne­
gey made $1,000 In ono
montli and why hundreds
Of Other agents are cleaning
up big too.
These men know the
BCCr«t of big money.
They know a good thing
when they see it and they
know that the time Is rlpo
for the new Oliver Improved
Oil-Gas Burner.
They know that this age
of high-priced coal and
wood makes it necessary
for some substitute. They
see ships and locomotives
being run by oil and big
buildings being heated by
It. And they know that an invention that
makes use of this cheap fuel for every home
—and yet

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII SEPTEMBER. 1922 No. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Come On America—Let's Fly! •"•". Capt. E. Rickenbacker. 17
. . American Ace of Aces.
Scaling the World's Highest Mountain "*.".!» . . . XV. 23
Don't Try to Go Too Fast Too Quick X.;. ." V.'Sidney Smith 24
Making Old Paper Over Into New
Cuti_t,c_ of trje *World-F_med Gump Cartoons.
••.•.•.•.... X .Charles H. Benson.... 27
How They Got Their Education ..'.:!%. . .. ;r-.vWm. Fleming French. 2
Einstein Theory on Trial " "*.*. Robert Morgan 33
Washington—Our Capital Incomparable ,..,.*.. .Armstrong Perry 37
Bottom Falls Out of Wheat Field '.. . ." X 41
Canada's Reindeer Ranch ........:... Allan B. Osborne 42
Guarding Your Mail with Three Million Finger P.ints. .«... Homer V. Marion.... 45
Adding to the Country's Wheat Supply Robert H. Moulton... 49
Wonder Spots in Beautiful Switzerland '..,,'....•:'..' 52
Why Do You Laugh? James Anderson 53
Uncle Sam's Floating Courts 57
The Discovery of Glaciers in Colorado X'. Esther Ellis Reeks. ... 59
Through Darkest Africa by Automobile „„ George H. Dacy 62
Now You Can Walk on Water '. : 65
The Camels Are Coming! •.*. '.-. ;E. Leslie Gilliams. ... 67
A New World War Is On ...'," Horace B. Knight 71
How the Timber Sleuths Track Firebugs : Dorell G. Hobson 75
Saving 1,500 Deer Every Year H. H. Dunn 77
History of Elephants in Clay 81
The Wanderlust of Petroleum D. H. George 82
Getting Dividends Out of the Wind E. H. Mansfield 84
Lotus of the Mississippi Wy man Smith 85
Crankless Movie Camera Anyone Can Use Joseph G. Bush 87
Seattle's Example for Seaports Harrison R. Bolton. . . 89
The World's First Radio Wedding 92
Aquatic Sports in Hawaii Harold H. Yost 93
Nature's Big Sponge Willard D. Morgan .... 97
The Mountain of the Great Snow Earl W. Gage 99
New National Park Memorial to Roosevelt Harold H. Duggan.... 101
Device Records Road Smoothness 105
The Cow-Runners Capt. E. A. McCann.. 106
Taking the Work Out of Housework 109
Along Automobile Row 113
The September Accessory Crop 114
How to Build an Aero-Cycle Earl H. Clark 119
A Screen Story Lewis J. Becker 125
MANY Illustrated OTHER World sbould FEATURES
be on tbe news stands on the 10th ol the month preceding; the date of issue. If unable to get the magazine
on the 10th you will confer a favor by notifying the Circulation Manager. ^News-stand patrons sbould instfuct their News-dealer to reserve
See Next Page
a copy of Illustrate. World, otherwise they are likely to find the magazine "sold out."
TERMS: $3.00 a year: 25 cents a copy. Canadian and foreign postage, 25 cents additional.
be given thirty days in advance to avoid missing a number.
R. T. MILLER. Jr.. Publisher
AdvertUinfi Office: Publication Office:
Peoples Gas Building, Chicago Drexel Avenue and >8lh St.. Chicago
Copyright. \922. bv Illustrated World
Notice of change of address should
Eastern Advertising Office:
120 Fifth Ave., New York City
Published monthly—Entered as second-class mail matter at tbe PostofT.ce. Chicago. 111., under the Act of March i, 1879.
Entered as second-class mail matter at the Postofnce Department. Canada.

Dear Reader:
"Come on, America—Let's Fly."
Really, that on"e : lu_e is the whole story in itself.
Come on, America,'_J6t's Fly!
..... ..... j
We have .beeo.'-p'roud of our country—of our
progress, of««rur "fepfefed"; and yet—
Can we ignore eiie-i a vital message from so great
an authority^-dVomrso'true an American, from such a
red-blooded .patriot'as* Captain Rickenbacker?
ILLUSTRATED,WORLD is proud to be the first
to carry sucK'a n_ej__^ge; just as we were proud to
present the first stgry on the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
Waterway, vfritten by the foremost authority on
that subject. •'.•,•••
Progress! That-is- the motto of ILLUSTRATED
WORLD, ah'cj- not''to„ follow the trail blazed by Eddie
Rickenbacker would' be to drop our banner.
Come on, Amerifc'a—Let's Fly! Let's get out of
the dust! Let's put the eagle a-wing! America's Ace
of Aces has sounded the call. Let's go over the top!
Let's see where we stand—let's face the problem
squarely!
ILLUSTRATED WORLD will gather and present
the facts for you. We are compiling data now;
aeronautical experts are opening their records to us;
fliers and airplane manufacturers are answering our
questions.
Next month we will bring their message to you.
Whether America flies or flops depends upon you and
your neighbors, reader.
Come on, America—Let's Fly !
Editor.

LIONEL STRONGFORT
"Dr. Sargent, of Harvard,
declared that Strongfort Is
unquestionably the finest
specimen of physical development
ever seen.
J 1 fl
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 5
Can You Measure Up to Her Vision of Manhood?
Do you look forward serenely, confidently to the day when you will win the
girl you cherish? Do you picture in your day dreams a happy home with a loving
wife and healthy children of your own flesh and blood? This is the vision that
every men should some day realize, but you may be one of those who has fallen a
victim to Youthful Folly, which has undermined your manly powers and made you
almost hopeless of ever being physically fit to marry. You hesitate to propose less
you make a miserable mess out of some pure girl's life. You must
MAKE YOURSELF FIT BEFORE YOU MARRY
It is a crime to n_rrry when you know that you are not physically and mentally
fit. You know that you cannot measure up to her vision of Manhood. You must
not deceive her. You dare not marry in your present physical condition. If you do,
your wedded life will be a miserable failure, your wife's and your iwr happiness will
be blasted and you may beget sickly, defective children that will be a burden and a
reproach to you as long as you live. The future looks dark tc you, but CHEER
UP, my hand is always out to you in friendship. I want to heln you. I can help
you with
STRONGFORTISM
The Modern Science of Health Promotion
Strongfortism has lifted thousands of wcik, ailing,
impotent, discouraged men out of the bog of hopetessness
and despair and placed them on the Straight Road
to Health, Happiness and Prosperity. Strongfortism
has aided Nature in overcoming such ailments as
Catarrh, Constipation, Indigestion, Rupture, Nervousness,
Bad Blood, Poor Memory, Vital Depletion, Impotency,
and the results of neglecting and abusing the
body. Strongfortism has restored the Manhood they
thought lost forever and given them renewed confidence,
vitality, ambition, success, and fitted them for the Responsibilities
of Marriage and Parenthood. It can do
the same for you, irrespective of your age, occupation
or surroundings. I guarantee it.
SEND FOR MY FREE BOOK
The experiences and research of a lifetime arc contained
in my wonderfully instructive book, "Promotion
and Conservation of Health, Strength and Mental
Energy." It will tell you frankly how you can make
yourself over into a vigorous specimen of Vital Manhood.
It will show you how you can fit yourself to be a
father and a credit to your wife and family. It is absolutely
free. Just check the subjects on the free consultation
coupon on which you want special information
and send to me with a ten-cent piece (one dime) to help
pay post'ge, etc. I wil do the rest. Send for my free
book Right Now.
LIONEL STRONGFORT
Physical and Health Specialist
Department 957 Newark, New Jersey
FREE CONSULTATION COUPON
Mr. Lionel Strnncfort. Dept 957. Newark, N. J.-P)ea«ef>pnd
me yonr honk, "Promotion and Conservation off Health,
Strength and Mental Energy,' for postuge on whieh I enclose
a 10c piece (one dime). Semi n.e Information on the items
murked (X). I understand this aces not obligate me.
.Cold.
. Catarrh
. Airhnm
, Obesity
. Id n>L|. ii-
TlilnneHs
. Itnptnre
. [.umlirii. "
Neuritis
Sei.rnlpln
.KIM CbMt
.Deformity
•IKs.Tihr..
Insoninin
.Short Wind
.Vint Feet
StomriHi
M.......I. nt
.< "ri-l i|i:il l.ill
K •„:•
Torpid In-,
. I . I ' l l ; - ' I i . , ,,
.Poor Memory
lid-urn:,!,.!,,
Knllli.fr I'!i,
. tVnik I,.,
Rud Hnhlt.
.flaatrltia
.Heart Weaken
Poor(In Inn,
Tonthfnl Er
Sexunl W
.Vital r.M»ca
. Im |>,. .,,-,
I>,'-I I- m-l
Age Occupation.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
. .Vital Depletion
. .(.rent Strength
..Manhood
Restored
..HnyKever
.. Pimple* nnd
liliu-!, Ii. ii.ls,
..Limp TranhlcH
. Konnd ShnnMcr.
. . InirrnHod llefchl
..Sloop Shoulder.
. . Mns.ulnr
Development
..SHMCM.OI
Mnrrinee
. .Femiil* Disorder-.
. .Weak Rnrk
. I '.JIB. I" (MI.11,,,,1,

6 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
To the Man with an Idea
I offer a comprehensive, experienced,
efficient service for his prompt, legal
protection, and the development of
his proposition.
Send sketch or model and description,
for advice as to cost, search
through prior United States patents,
etc. Preliminary advice gladly furnished
without charge. i
My experience and familiarity with
various arts frequently enable me
to accurately advise clients as to
probable patentability before they
go to any expense.
Booklet of valuable information, and form for
properly disclosing your idea, free on request.
Write today,
RICHARD B. OWEN, Patent Lawyer
19 Owen Building, Washington, D. C.
2276-M Woolworth Building, New York City
IOc. Charges RADIO & AUTO Batteries
FROM A LAMP SOCKET At HOME Or BUSINESS With An
Sam mm ___. F-F BATTERY BOOSTER, which Is a Full Wave Mai
I W £_r^^ netic Re :tifier for LOS-125 volt 6(J cycle A. C. Leave Battel
Il pg y . Justasitisin YourCar. tch & SnaeBnosterClipson Battery Will bu Charged Battery
M.i
_ _ Poi
AMMETER
__.
Eliminate- All Guesa Work.
. Carbon Rectify:
Automatic .__ Brush. Chanting Unit, with
_..nterruptedly. No skill is required. A -Xh Fully charges Cha_„-_
BatteryStartsCar& TruckQui.k.thua fewerExpensive
Replacement Storage Batteries must be bought, when
Kept Fully Charged: So it Costs Less to BuyaBooster
than to be without one. Do Not Think Your Battery dead
and worn out simply berause it will not start YourCar.
~ a Booster. Fillit with Life and Hear Entrine Spin.
-75cft haree. Last Lifetime. POPULAR PRICES
Type6chargcs 'A' 6 volt Battery at6 amperes S15
TypeBcharffcsRadio'B'BatteryUptol20volts$15
iTrpeA-Bchar(tesBoth'A&B'RadioBatteriesS20
Type 12 charges 12 volt Battery at 6 amperes $16
'Type 166 charges 6 volt Battery at 12 amperes 124
Type 1612charges 12 volt Batteryat 7 amperes $24
Charge Auto Radio Batteries Typel626 isa Combination of Types 166&1612 $36
The Larger Types are recommended forhenvv Batteries, or where time is limited.
Shipping Weights Complete with AMMETER & BATTERY CLIPS. 11 to 15 Pounds
Purchase from Your Dealer, or Mail Cht-'-k for Pmrnot Shipment if Tor Parr-,1
Post add Postage* Insurance Charges. Or ORDER TYPE d.-=ir.rl shipped CO D.
For Dependable, Economical CROUP CHARGING, WRITE f.• r FREE !>.•*.ru-tiv

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 7
"Good Bye, Boys!"
"fT^ODAY I dropped in for a last word with the boys at
I the office. And as I saw Tom and Dave there at
-L the same old desk it came to me suddenly that they
had been there just so the day I came with the firm four
years ago.
"When I started here I was put at a desk and given certain
routine things to do. It was my first job and I took
it aa a matter of course. But after a few months I began
to realize that I was nothing but a human machine—
doing things that any one could do and that I couldn't
expect to advance that way.
"So I had a talk with the manager, and I'll never forget
what he said: 'If you want to get ahead, put in some of
your spare time getting special training along the line of
your work. We want men who care enough about their
future not only to do their work well, but to devote part
of their spare time to preparation for advancement.*
"That very night I wrote to Scranton and a few days
later had started studying evenings at home. Why, do
you know, it gave me a whole new interest in our business.
In a few months I was given more important work and
more money. Since then I've had three increases. Six
months ago I was put in charge of my department, and
now my big chance has come—I'm to be manager of our
Western branch at $5,000 a year!
"Tom and Dave could never see any sense in my studying
nights—they said eight hours was enough for any man
to be bothered with business. They had the same chance
I had—they could have been big men in the firm today.
But they Btood still while I went up to one of the best jobs
in our business. It just shows what spare-time training
will do."
Every day men who have let the International Correspondence
Schools help them are moving up to more
responsible positions and bigger salaries. Clerks have be­
come advertising, sales and business managers ; mechanics
have become foremen, superintendents and engineers ; carpenters
have become architects and contractors ; men and
boys have risen from nothing at all to splendid positions
of responsibility—because in spare hours at noon and at
night they have learned to do some one thing well.
If you want to make more money, show your employer
you're trying to be worth more money. If you want a
bigger job, show him you're willing to prepare for it.
There's a simple, easy way to do it. For 30 years the
Internationa] Correspondence Schools have been training
men and women right in their own homes whenever they
had a little time to spare. More than two million have
stepped up in just this way. More than 130,000 are studying
now. Ten thousand are starting every month.
Can you afford to let another priceless hour pass with
finding out what the I. C. S. can do for you? Here is all
we ask—without cost, without obligating yourself in any
way, just mark and mail this coupon.
TEAR OUT HERE
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Box 542 I-B, Scranton, Penna.
Without cost or obligation, please send mo full information about
the subject before which I have marked an X in the list below:
BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT
• Business Management
O Salesmanship
Industrial Management
j Advertising
H D Better Letters
Personnel Organization
I_ Foreign Trade
• Traffic Management
J Stenography and Typing
• Business Law
DBusiness English
• Hanking and Banking Law DCivil Service
• Accountancy (including C.P.A.) T Railway Mall Clerk
• Nicholson Cost Accounting JCommon School Subjects
• Bookkeeping
JHigh School Subjects
Private Secretary
Jlllustrating • Cartooning
8 TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT
•
Business
Electrical
Spanish
Engineering
• French
• Architect
• Electric Lighting
• Contractor and Builder
• Mechanical Engineer
• Architectural Draftsman
• Mechanical Draftsman
• Machine Shop Practice
• Railroad Positions
• Gas Engine Operating
• Civil Engineer
• Surveying and Mapping
• Metallurgy
Steam Engineering
B Radio • Airplane Engines)
• Concrete Builder
• Structural Engineer
Plumbing and Heating
B Chemistry
Pharmacy
• Automobile W'orlt
• Navigation
• Agriculture and Poultry
Name • Mathematics
„
Street
Addren _
City State
Occupation
Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the Interna^
tional Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

8 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Latest photograph of Karl E. Liederman taken Keb. 19'_'_
WOMEN ADMIRE MEN _.SE T „ H o £ .l!
Man was meant to be woman's protector. The better he can
meet this qualification, the more will he he admired. Read
back through the ages and you will find this has always been
true. There was a time when men fought with each other to
decide who would own a certain woman just as they would
fight over a pot of gold. Civilization and culture soon overcame
such savage conditions, but the man of strength and power
has continued to have the advantage. Ivanhoe describes the
knights entering into combat, after which the conqueror would
kill the hand or show respect in some manner to the lady he
held in highest regard.
THE MAN OF TODAY
What must womanhood think of the present day man? Statistics
show that over U5 per cent of us are suffering from
some ailment. Our indulgence in worldly pleasures has made
us a race of anaemic, fiat chested dyspeptics. It is no wonder
that man's years on earth have been shortened. What can he
expect when he wastes the very strength that God gave him.
I heard one girl say the other day: "Of course, I admire a
strong, healthy man, but the men I meet are so weak-kneed
they can barely stand up straight." It is true. The strong
man of today ls the exception. And that Is my task. To make
the exceptional man.
DO YOU SEEK ADMIRATION?
Do you wish to be one of these weak-kneed dyspeptics? Or
have you enough manhood left to say: "I will be strong?"
I don't care what your present condition la. If you have a
spark of will power left, I can make you a man to be admired
by all. Just think 1 I guarantee to put one full inch
of muscle on your arms In 30 days. Yes, and two full Inches
on your chest in the same length of time. Rut that is only
tlie start. From then on you will notice a complete change in
your physical make-up. You not only develop big, brawny
arms and a full chest, but a complete armor plate of muscle
surrounding a body that has been rebuilt inwardly as well.
You will have the flash to your eye and the spring to your
step that shows you to be a human dynamo. You will be
admired and sought after In both the business and social world.
You will be a leader of men. All these things and more are
awaiting you. It ls now up to you to decide just what manner
if man you will be. Come, then, for time flies.
Send for my book
"MUSCULAR DEVELOPMENT •f
It is chock full of photosjrapha of myself unit m» numerous pupils. Also
contains a treatise nn the human hi>.1y rind what rnn be dime with it. This
book In bound to Interest you nnd thrill you It will bo an Impetus—an In
'••!•• i -.r • •.[, to every red blooded man. All I ask you to cover in the price of
wrapping II- I pontB(re —10 cents. Remember this does not ohllrate you *
•ninu Thii
upon and n
EARLE E. LIEDERMAN
Dept. 1909, 305 Broadway, New York
EARLE E. LIEDERMAN.
Dept. 1909, 305 Broadway, New York City.
Dear Sir - I inclose herewith 10 cents for which you are
to send me. without any old is a tion on my part whatever,
a copy of your latest book, "Muscular Development."
Name
Address
City State
You can easily clear your skin of pimples, blackheads,
and other unsightly blemishes. I will prove it to
you at my own risk. I will show you just how yoo
can clear your complexion as easily as washing your face.
Just write me what skin eruptions yoa have, where they
appear and how long you have had them. Your letter will
receive confidential, personal attention and I will send yoa,
in % plain wrapper, a full size bottle of my special remedy
for your pimples. Use it on your skin like you would use
water. Then watch t.ie pimples disappear.
I The regular price
[of my pimple
! remedy is 11.00.
' But you do not
need to send any money. J_.st v.ritj me today. Whtn the
poBtman delivers the package to you, pay him ONLY $1.95
(plus a few cents postage) for this remarkable {4.00 preparation.
All I ask is that you follow the simple and easy
directions. A Million Dollar Bank backs op my guarantee
of satisfaction or your money back. You take no risk. Act
today and banish pimples.
M. Sullivan. Dept. A, 269 So. 9th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Send NoMoneu
Easily Learned
a Radio Expert. Make big
t >ney. Win success in this new,
• • ded field. Trained men needed.
51,800 TO S6.000
a year easdy earned. I will train you quickly,
home,in yourgparetime.toconstnjctinatall,
• operate, repair, maintain and sell radio out-
• fits. Short course, low cost, easy terms, money
• back guarantee. Write for "Radio Facts" FREE.
I Engineer M"hai_pt. American Electrical Association
Dept. 09. 4S13 N. Winchester Ave., Chicago
MUSIC LESSONS FREE
IN YOUR
OWN
!»«M Moui_ttu_UA WOLihu quuMJJ" HOME
Piano. Organ. Violin, Mandolin, Guitar,Ban|o,etc
Beginners or advanced players. One lesson weekly. Illustrations make everything
plain. Only expense, about 2c per day to cover cost ot postage and music
used. Write for FREE booklet which explains everything in full
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF MUSIC, 72 Lakeside Building. Chicago
TATTOOING
Learn tattooing. I teach you. Have a good business
of your own. Can travel with the shows and see the
world. India Ink. Stencils, Designs and Tattooing Needles,
Everything for the Tattoo Artist. Are you interested?
Send for free catalogue on tattooing.
Sergt. JOHN B. BONZEY
9 HOPPIN ST. PROVIDENCE, R.I.
The Midget
"Five - in - One" Slide Rule
is a combination Mannheim. Polymetric. Lop-
Log. Binary. Addand Subtract Slide Rule. It
will instantly add, subtract, multiply and divide
any combination of whole numbers, fractions,
mised numbers and decimals. Gives
every root and power, also Loes. Sines, and
Tangents. Made ... aluminum with scales on
white celluloid. Size 4 in. Approved and adopted
by colleges.
Price- witb Instructions. $1 SO. Leatherette
Case 60c. extra. Catalogue Free.
GILSON SLIDE RULE CO.. Nlles, Mich.
CUSTOM TAILOR MADE
To Fit Your Individual Car
Made in our custom shops after
your order.is received. We ship
or.iinai-ilv m two or three days.
1 erfect Ot Kuaranteed when correct
me, r* ir and model of car ia
jen. YY.ii can easily apply it yourlf-
We furnish Instructions and
Our Catalog No. 10 with samples
LIBERTY TOP & TIRE CO., Dept. E2. Cincinnati, O.
Kindly mention Illustrated World ivhen writing advertisers.

•»•
j_._.L/_.iiv/.'r_._.' WORLD 9
AUTO
BOOKS
We've Cut the Price in Halt
SAVE 23 DOLLARS
Earn increased hundreds. The biggest paying field in the world is the
automotive industry. In it there is big pay and a steady job for every man
who qualifies for a place. You can qualify with these books, they are the
finest, most comprehensive automotive reference library ever compiled.
It covers every phase of the industry. With these books within easy reach
you can solve at once any problem that may confront you. Everyone who
has purchased a set says they are the real
PAY RAISING BOOKS
They contain absolutely everything you want to know about the upkeep,
Just care fill and in repair the coupon of motor and vehicles the entire and library tractors. will be Written shipped in you plain, by express, easy to
understand collect, so that English; you may there use are them 2600 right pages, in your 2300 pictures, own home diagrams or shop for and sev­ blue
prints—bound en whole days in without flexible any morocco, obligation. gold Put stamped. them to work — show them to
If your you friends—ask want to be them the man what in they your think shop of who them, can and solve if you any are automotive not absolutely
problem—if satisfied you that want they to get are ahead—if the greatest you want reference to make library more in the money—if world,
you send want them to back succeed without in cost the automobile of another penny or tractor to you game — if — you send decide today for to
this keepthem, library send of reference us $2.80 books. within They 7days are and yours balance for $3.00 a week's month, until the
special reduced price of $21.80 is paid. Mail the coupon TODAY.
FREE EXAMINATION
DON'T SEND HONEY
FREE EXAMINATION COUPON
American Technical Society, Depl. A-27G Chicago, 111.
Send me the 6 volome set of Automobile Engineering books for a week's free
trial, by express collect. I will either return the books in one week at your expense
or eend you 12.80 aa first payment and t3.00 every month until a total of
121.60 ia paid.
Name
Address «
City State
Employed by "«••
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

10 ILLUSTRATED WO.
Free Proof
That Cooke
What's Your
Future?
It's a shame for
you to earn less than
$100.00 a week. You
ought to earn more.
You can do it too,
when you are backed
up with my training
— the training
that makes "Big
Pay Men," Don't be
content with an ordinary
job paying
anywhere from $3
to $10 00 a day, with
no future to speak
of. Strike right out
—hold the jobyou've
got and prepare for
a better one—prepare
for a "he man's
job" in the $3500 to
$10,000 a year class
in the greatest profession
in the world.
I will show you the
way.
Radio Course
FREE
My new$.5.00Radio
Coursejust completed
given Free when you
enroll for the Electrical
Course. Two courses
for the price of one.Two
professionsopentoyou.
Let me send you Free,
this big package of "Vital
Facts" showing what
"Cooke Trained Men"
earn, the big opportunities
Electricity offers and
how you, too, can earn
$3,500 to $10,000 a year.
The coupon will bring
it Free.
TrainedMe
D O Earn
$ 3,500to
$ 10,000
Electrical Experts—Trained Men are in big demand at the highest
salaries ever known. The opportunities for advancement and a big success
are unlimited—positively unlimited. The Electrical Industry faces
a big shortage of trained men. It needs you and will pay you well.
Be an Electrical Expert
and Get This Big Pay You
Today even the ordinary electrician, the screw driver kind, is making money
—big money. But it's the trained man—the man who knows the whys and wherefores
of Electricity—the Electrical Expert —who is picked out to boss the ordinary
electricians—to boss the big jobs—the jobs that pay $70.00 to $200.00 a week. Fit
yourself for one of these big jobs—Begin Now.
Age or Lack of Experience No Drawback
You don't have to be a College Man; you don't have to be a High School graduate. My
Course in Electricity is the most simple, thorough, and successful in existence, and offers every
man, regardless of age, education, or previous experience, the ch: nee to become, in a very
short time, an "Electrical Expert," able to make from $70 to $200 a week.
I Give Yon A Real Training
As Chief Engineer of the Chicago Engineering Works I know exactly the kind of Af
training a man needs to get the best positions at the highest salaries. Hundreds of my f
students So sure are now am I earning that you $3,500 can learn to $10,000 Electricity—so a year. Many sure am are I now that successful after studyELEC-
^r
TRICAL ing with me, ENGINEERS. you too,can get intothe"big money" class in Electrical work, *T Jp I_ L.
that I will gurrantee Yonr under bond Satisfaction to return every Guaranteed. single penny paid me in f *r Cooke,
tuition if, when you have finished my course you are not satisfied it was A*T Chief
the best investment you ever made.
3ple
FREE -Electrical Working Out fit FREE Measuring ¥ Instruments absolutely FKEE. I also supply them with drawing
Outfit, give examinntion each student paper, a Splendid and many Outfit other of Electrical things that tools. other Materials schools and
don't furnish. Ynu do PRACTICAL WORK—AT HOME. You start
right in after the first few lessons to WORK AT YOUR PROFES­ 4T
* Engineer
AT Engineering
Chicago
Works
Dept. 106. 2150 Law-
SION in a practical way.
Get Started Now—Mall Coupon
>• rence Ave., Chicago, Ol.
^F Dear Sir:—Send at once the "Vi-
I want to send you my package of "Vital Facts" includ­ _A tal Facts" containing Sample Lesing
Electrical Book ond Proof Lessons FREE. These cost you ^r — son3 sons, , your Big Book, and full particnothing
and you'll enjoy them. Make the start today for a ^T u|ars ,'
bright future in Electricity. Mail thecoupon—NOW. A Study Course-all fully prepaid, without
my part
__. L. Cook, Chief Engineer S °^'^ oa °"
CHICAGO ENGINEERING WORKS
Na
Dept. 106. 2150 Lawrence Ave.
Chicago, Illinois.
The'tjooke Trained Man is the "Big Pay'M
Kindly mention Illustrated Jl'orid when writing advertisers.

OppiOrtunft^Cblumns
Our rate for classified advertisements of ten words or more, name and address included, is 10 cents a wor
payable in advance. Advertisements (or the October issue will be accepted up to August 25th, but early receipt i
copy insures good position under tbe proper classification.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD, Adv. Dept. Peoples Gas Building. Chicago.
AUTOS AND AUTO SUPPLIES
AUTOMOBILE mechanics, owners, garagemen,
repairmen, send for free copy
America's Popular Motor Magazine. Contains
helpful, instructive information on
overhauling, ignition wiring, carburetors,
batteries, etc. Automobile Digest, 520
Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.
WE pay SS a day taking orders for Insyde
Tyres. Guaranteed to prevent punctures
and blowouts. Double tire mileage. Any
tire. Tremendous demand. Low priced.
Write quick for agency. American Accessories
Co., B-24 9, Cincinnati, Ohio.
MOTORCYCLES
PARTS for all motorcycles cheap. State
wants. Schuck Cycle Co., 19 22 Westlake,
Seattle, Washington.
LARGEST stock of new and used motorcycle
parts and accessories in the world at
your disposal via Uncle Sam's mail. Write
for quotations. Motorcycle Parts Mfg. Co.,
2030-36 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
900 MECHANICAL movements and 50
perpetual motiuns illustrated and explained
in my book. Inventor's Universal Educator,
5th edition—tells how to procure and sell
patents. Government and other costs. Covers
the matter from A to Z—160 pages—•
elegantly bound. Contains noted decisions
of U. S. Supreme and State Courts on patent
cases. Mechanical movements greatly
assist inventors—suggest new ideas that
might prove of great aid in perfecting inventions.
Tells how to select an attorney.
Has valuable Information regarding patent
sharks, selling agents and promoters. Price
$2. Postage free everywhere. Fred G. Dieterfch,
641 Ouray Bldg., Washington, D. C.
BOOKS for sale on occultism, mysticism,
theosophy, mental science, advanced thot,
seership, sex secrets, crystal gazing, mediumship,
clairvoyants, personal magnetism,
mind reading, astrology, numerology, yogi,
hermetic and rosicrucian philosophy. List
free. The Grail Press, Desk C, 712 G St.,
N. E., Washington. D. C.
RADIO books. Automobile books. List
free. Wells & Edwards, Z-852 George,
Chicago.
SOVEREIGN Company, 291 Rhode Island,
Buffalo. 3 5 course lessons "Master Key,"
Leukin gold leaved, $5; Books Moses, $1-
Greatest comedy hit, "All Babies Look
Alike to Me," 10c; orchestration, 15c. Rare
Books catalogue, 2c.
PICTURES AND POSTCARDS
ZEE beautiful girl pictures, 10 wonderful
poses $1; IS specials $2. Money refunded
if dissatisfied. Bairart Co., 1731, St.
Louis, Mo.
PRETTY French girls, art r>oses, real and
splendid photographs from life—sample 25c
—dozen $1.25. Wonderful assortment $5.
Agents wanted. Star, Poullgucn, France.
TWELVE Fascinating Girl Pictures. 2 5c.
Artcard Co., 540 Seventeenth St., Oshkosh,
Wis.
FORMULAS AND TRADE SECRETS
FREE formula catalog. S. & H. Laboratories,
Boylston Building, Chicago.
NOVELTIES
TRICKS, jokes, magic, puzzles. Catalogue
free. Fenner, 2401 Jefferson, Louisville.
Ky.
FOR BOYS
MECHANICAL Baseball Player; the cleverest
automaton ever invented; goes through
all the motions of a profeslonal batsman;
drives a 1*4-inch ball just right for a boy
to practice catching; $1 complete, including
ball and shipping charges. P. Thorbjornoln,
3404 Medill Ave., Chicago, 111.
COINS AND STAMPS
CALIFORNIA gold, quarter size, 27c,
and x k size, 53c. Eagle cent and catalogue,
10c. Norman Shultz, Colorado Springs,
Colo.
MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS
$35.00 PROFIT nightly. Small capital
starts you. No experience needed. Our
machines are used and endorsed by government
institutions. Catalog free. Atlas Moving
Picture Company, 468 Morton Bldg.,
Chicago.
CAMERA AND PHOTO DEVELOPING
HAVE you a camera? Write for free
sample of our big magazine, showing how
to make better pictures and earn money.
American Photography, 260 Camera House,
Boston, 17, Mass.
FILM developed and 6 prints, 20c; or 6
prints from negatives, 20c Trial offer.
Young Photo Service, 16H Alden Avenue,
Albany, N. Y.
TRIAL Order, mail us 20c with any size
film or six negatives for development and
six velvet prints. 24-hour service. Get premium
list. Roanoke Photo Finishing Co.,
256 Bell, Roanoke, Va.
LITERARY AND PHOTO PLAYS
WRITE Photoplays. $2 5—$300 paid
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience unnecessary.
Complete outline free. Producers
League, 59 2, St. Louis. ____
AMBITIOUS writers send today for free
copy America's leading magazine for writers
of photoplays, stories, poems, songs. Instructive,
helpful. Writer's Digest. 630
Butler Bldg.. Cincinnati.
FREE to writers, a wonderful little book
of money-mak ing hints, suggestions, ideas;
the ABC of successful story and play writing.
Absolutely free. Just address Author's
Press. Dept. 16, Auburn, N. Y.
PHOTOPLAYS wanted for California producers
and stars. Also want stories, articles,
etc., for publication. Submit manuscripts,
or, if you are a beginner, write for free plot
[•hart and details. Harvard Company, 319,
San Francisco.
EARN $25 weekly, spare time, writing
for newspapers, magazines. Experience unnecessary.
Details free. Press Syndicate,
125 St. Louis. Mo.
POEMS—STORIES—AUTHORS—MSS
WRITERS! Have you a song-poem, story,
photoplay to sell? Submit MSS. now to
Music Sales Co., 50, St. Louis.
MSS., typewritten, 10c 100 words. Clara
Bollard, Early Times, Ky.
.SHORT stories, poems, plays, etc., are
wanted for publication. Literary Bureau,
ins, Hannibal, Mo.
EARN $25 weekly, spare time, writing
for newspapers, magazines. Experience unnecessary.
Details free. Press Syndicate,
4 255, St. Louis, Mo.
SONG WRITERS
WRITE the words for a song. We compose
music. Our Chief of Staff wrote many
big song-hits. Submit your song-poem to us
at once. New York Melody Corporation, 4 20
Fitzgerald Bldg., New York.
DUPLICATING DEVICES
"MODERN" Duplicators save time, lah
and money. Gets business. Reproduc
typewritten or penned letters, drawings, le
sons, music, menus, bids, notices, specific
tions, maps or anything in one or more cc
ors. Prints TWO per minute. Special sa
on. 30 days' free trial. $2.25 up. Bookl
free. B. K., Durkin-Reeves Co., Pitt
burgh, Pa.
MAIL ORDER METHODS
$30 A WEEK evenings, home; ami
mail order business. Booklet for stam
Sample and plan, 25c. I trust you for $
Ills Scott, Cohoes, N. Y.
WAR RELICS AND PHOTOS
FOR dens; relics collected from Europe
battle fields. Catalogue and war photo
10c. Complete sets, 27 5 war photos, actu
battle scenes, $5. Sample set, 14 view
25c. Will also buy relics. Lieut. Wals
211/ Regent Flace. Brooklyn, N. Y.
LANGUAGES
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
WORLD-ROMIC System, Masterkey
All Languages. Primers, 15 language
$1.94 each language: Arabic, Chinese, Dai
ish, Dutch, English, French, German, Ita
ian, Japanese. Panjabl. Polish, Portugues
Russian, Spanish, Swedish. Pronunciatioi
Tables, 80 languages, 30c each languag
Languages Publishing Company, 8 West 40
St., New York.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
MONEY-MAKING schemes. 64-page
20c. Joel Tillberg, Proctor, Vermont.
SELL books, novelties, etc., by mail. I 1
goods to carry. We forward. Cataloi
printed to address selected. Various san
pies, 25c. Universal Supply Co., 224-.
Tremont. Boston.
START a business of your own makir
imitation marhle, granite, onyx, agate tit
face brick, more beautiful than the genuin
experience unnecessary; send $1 for a fu
course of instructions. Marble products, 51
Albina Ave., Portland, Oregon.
MAKE money at home making toys ar
novelties. Particulars free. New Special
Company, 417 E. 71st St., New York, N. 1
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
AMBITIOUS men, write today for Z'
tractive proposition, selling subscriptions '
America's most popular automobile ar
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales. B;
prolits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co
'i520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.
AGENTS—$15 a day; easy, quick salei
free auto; big weekly bonus; $1.50 premtu
free to every customer. Simply shew oi
beautiful, 7-piece, solid aluminum hand
cutlery set. Appeals Instantly. We dellvi
and collect. Pay daily. New Era Mfg. Co
803 Madison St., Dept. 35, Chicago.
LIVE agents make $10 day selling Ei
reka Strainer and Splash Preventer for e'
ery water faucet. Takes on sight. Wide!
advertised and known. Get details toda:
A. E. Seed Filter Company, 73 Franklii
New York.
BIG money and fast sales. Every owni
buys Gold Initials for his auto. You chart
$1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily eas.
Write for particulars and free sample:
American Monogram Co., Dept. 130, Ea:
Orange, N. J.
MONEY back guarantee makes Premit
Sharpener fastest seller. Hundreds gettl-i
rich. You can. Write Premier Mfg. Co
811 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit, Mich.

12
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
PORTRAIT agents and others. Get big
profits. Sell Perry Photo Medallions. You
charge $2.98; make 400% profit. $10 daily
easy. Big, exclusive line. 4-day service.
Perry Photo Novelty Corporation, Section
27, 360 Bowery, New York.
FASTEST soiling sanitary brush line in
America. Huge profit-mak ing opportunity
for live workers, with advancement. Other
specialties. Get complete details. Act quick.
Best season at ha ml. A. (J. Silver-Cham -
borlin Company, Clayton. N. J.
BIG earnings and steady repeat business
assured agents selling to women and
homes, finest, most complete line toilet preparations
and Specialties. Sure Success Plan.
Get details today. Colonial Chemical Company,
631-K. Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
A BUSINESS of your own—Make sparkling
glass name plates, numbers, checkerboards,
medallions, signs; big illustrated
book free. E. Palmer, 50 8 Wooster, Oliio.
136 LETTER automobile initialing outfit,
$1.50 postpaid. Apply 25c each—make
$32.50. Ynur initials 25c set. Particulars
free. Monogram Initial Co., Westwood, N.J.
MAKE $1 hourly. Exclusive territory.
Either sex. Sample and Instructions, 10c.
World Registry Bureau, 5, Cohoes, N. Y.
AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair
for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization
at a sa\ ing of over 800 per cent;
put It on colli. It vulcanizes itself ln two
minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life
of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner
and accessory dealer. For particulars how
to make big money and free sample, address
Amazon Rubber Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,
Dept. 509.
57 MILES per gallon made with new patented
gasoline vaporizer. Write for particulars.
Vaporizer Co., Pukwana, S. Dak.
GET our plan for Monogramming automobiles,
trunks, hand luggage and all similar
articles by transfer method; experience
unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists'
Access. Co., Mansfield. Ohio.
MAKE 600% profit. Free samples. Lowest
priced gold window letters for stores,
offices. Anybody can do it. Large demand.
Exclusive territory. Big future. Side line.
Acme Letter Co., 2800-P Congress, Chicago.
SELL necessities. Everybody needs and
buys the "Business Guide." Brvant cleared
$800 in July. Send for sample. It's free.
Nichols Co., Dept. 5B, Napervllle, 111.
136 LETTER automobile initialing outfit,
$1.50 postpaid. Apply 25c each—make
$32.50. Samples free. Monogram Initial
Co., Westwood, N. J.
TAILORING agents—We've got a wonderful
line of all wool tailored to order
suits and overcoats to retail at $29.50.
They're all one price. $20 cheaper than
store prices. You keep deposits, we deliver
and collect. Protected territory for hustlers
Write J. B. Simpson, Dept. 160, 831-843
W. Adams, Chicago.
SCHEMER magazine. Alliance, Ohio,
prints big profit schemes; one subscriber
making $25,000 from three; another $10,-
000 from one. Try your luck. Year, only
$1.00; three months, 25c.
"$10 A DAY And More," our new book,
Bhows clearly how you may gain sure success
and large profits selling Guaranteed
Hosiery and Underwear, factory to family.
It ls freo. Write today. C. At D. Company.
33-E, Grand Rapids. Mich.
MAKE $25 to $50 Weekly representing
Clows' Famous Philadelphia Hosiery, direct
from mill, for men, women, children. Every
pair guaranteed. Prices that win. Freo
book "How to Start" tells the story. George
Clows Company, Desk 21, Philadelphia, Pa.
GOOD Income, spare time, refhdshlng
chandeliers, brass bods, autos by now
method. Exp, unnecessary. Write for free
samples showing finishes. Gunmetal Co.,
Ave. J, Decatur. 111.
STEADY Income—big profits. Repeat
orders. Your pay ln advance. $5 to $15
dally Introducing new style guaranteed
hosiery. Must wear or replace free. Experience
unnecessary. You write orders, wo
deliver and collect. Outfit furnished, all
colors and grades Including silks. MHO-O-
Chee Mills Co., Desk 236, Cincinnati. Ohio.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
AGENTS $G a day taking orders for Blue
Ribbon Cutlery Set. Stainles steel. Guaranteed.
Aluminum handle. We deliver and
collect Pay you daily. Write quick for
sample outfit. Parker Mfg. Co., 149 Awl
St., Dayton, Ohio.
AGENTS' wonderful opportunity in Japanese
novelty, write P. Fonos, U. S. Wholesaler,
New Richmond, Wis.
SELL Fraternal Wall Emblems and other
money - mak ing novelties. All the rage ; big
variety. Write for free sample plan. Kler
Fraternal Emblem Co., Dept. C-113, 538
S. Clark St., Chicago,_ 111.
WE want men and women who are desirous
of making $25 to $200 per week
clear profit from the start in a permanent
business of their own. Mitchell's Magic
Marvel Washing Compound washes clothes
spotlessly clean in ten to fifteen minutes.
One hundred other uses in every home.
Nothing else like it. Nature's mightiest
cleanser. Contains no lye, lime, acid or
wax. Free samples make sales easy. Enormous
repeat orders—300% profit. Exclusive
territory. We guarantee sale of every package.
Two other ' 'sight sellers'' and sure
repeaters give our agents the fastest selling
line ln the country. No capital or experience
required. Baker, Ohio made $600 last
month. You can do as well. Send for Free
Sample and proof. L. Mitchell & Co., Desk
70, 1302-1314 E. 61st, Chicago, 111.
GOLD Leaf Sign Letters; make and sell;
profits exceed 1,000% ; immense demand;
particulars free. D. Johnston Co., Quincy, 111.
A BUSINESS of your own. Sell Catarrh
Cream under your own name. Send 25c for
full size box and particulars. Du Berrier'a
Laboratory, T'leasantvllle. New Jersey.
AGENTS—Big money, $8 to $16 a day.
Aluminum handle cutlery set. Brand new.
You display and take orders. We deliver
and collect. Pay you dallv. Sample free.
Try it out. Jennings Mfg. Co., Dept. 1649.
Dayton, Ohio.
AGENTS—We guaran'ee to pay $12 a
day taking orders for 2 in 1 Reversible
Raincoat. One side handsome raincoat, reverse
side fine dress coat. Something new.
Latest style. Guaranteed waterproof. No
capital required. You take orders. We ship
by parcel post, and do all collecting. Commission
paid same dav vour orders booked.
Write quick. Thomas Mfg. Co., Class 1377,
Davton, Ohio.
MALE HELP WANTED
MEN wanted to make secret investigations
and reports. Experience unnecessary. Write
J. Ganor, former Gov't detective, 117, St.
Louis.
ALL men, women, boys, girls, over 17,
Willing to accept government positions,
$135, write Mr. Ozment, 201, St. Louis,
immediately.
DETECTIVES make big monev. Fascinating
work. Travel. Good opportunities.
We show you how. Write American School
of Criminology, Dept. F. Detroit, Mich.
MEN—make money In spare time mailing
letters, unusual opportunity. Send stamped
addressed reply envelope. V. Normande.
117 W. 23d Street, Now York.
$100 WEEKLY' made by young man in
small town without capital or experience in
local advertising business. You can do the
some. Free booklet tolls how S Meyer
211 Seventh Street. Louisville, Ky.
SILVERING mirrors. French plate,
taught. Easy to learn, Immense profits.
Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, Excelsior
Springs. Missouri.
DETECTIVES earn big money. Great
demand. Experience unnecessary. Particulars
freo. Write American Detective System,
1968 Broadway. New York.
AMBITIOUS men. writo today for attractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to
America's most popular automobile and
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales. Big
profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co..
9520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.
WANTED—Men over 17. $13 5-$19 5
month. Railway mail clerks. List positions
free. Franklin Institute, Dept, II-18,
Rochester, N. Y.
ASTROLOGY
ASTROLOGY—Stars tell life's story.
Send birth date and dime for trial reading.
Eddy-Troost Station, Suite 4 0. Kansas
City, Mo.
Kiudly ment, ion Illustrated World when writing
advertisers.
TELEGRAPHY
TELEGRAPHY (Morse and wireless) and
railway accounting taught thoroughly. Big
salaries. Groat opportunities. Oldest, largest
school. All expenses low; can earn large
part. Catalogue free. Dodge's Institute,
World St., Valparaiso, Indiana.
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
PATENTS—Protect your rights. Before
disclosing invention, write for booklet and
blank form Evidence of Conception to be
signed, witnessed and returned with rough
sketch or model of your idea, upon receipt
of which I will promptly give opinion of
patentable nature ami instructions. No
charge for preliminary advice. Highest references.
Prompt, personal attention. Clarence
O'Brien, Registered Patent Lawyer,
748 Southern Bldg., Washington, D. C.
I REPORT If patent obtainable and exact
cost. Send for circular. Herbert
Jenner, Patent Attorney and Mechanical
Expert, 621 F St., Washington, D. C.
PATENTS—Write for Free Illustrated
Guide Book and Record of Invention Blank.
Send model or sketch and description or
invention for free opinion of Its patentable
nature. Highest reference. Reasonable
terms. Victor J. Evans &. Co., 182 Ninth,
Washington. 1>. C.
INVENTORS desiring to secure patent
should write for our guide book, "How to
Get Your Patent"; tells terms and methods.
Send model or sketch and description of
invention and we will give our opinion of
patentable nature. Randolph & Co., Dept
272. Washington, D. c.
'INVENTORS Guide," free on request;
it gives very \aluahle information and advice.
Write Frank Ledermann, 14 Park
Row. New York. N. Y.
PATENTS, trade-marks, copyrights. Thirty
years' active practice. Experienced, personal,
conscientious service. Difficult and
rejected cases solicited. Book with terms
free. Address E. G. Siggers, Patent Law-
3 er, Box 4, Washington, D. C.
PATENTS. Send sketch or model for
preliminary examination. Booklet free.
Highest references. Best results. Promptness
assured. Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer,
024 F St., Washington, I). C.
MILLIONS spent annually for ideas!
Hundreds now wanted! Patent vours and
profit! Write today for free books; tell
how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas
wanted, how wo help you sell, etc. 214
Patent Dept.. American Industries, Inc.,
Washington, D. C.
PATENTS procured, trade-marks registered.
A comprehensive, experienced, prompt
service for the protection and development
of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly
furnished without charge. Booklet of information
and form for disclosing idea free
on request Richard B. Owen. 185 Owen
Bldg.. Washington D. C, or 2276-0 Woolworth
Bldg., New York.
INVENTIONS wanted; cash or royalty
for Ideas. Adam Fisher Mfg. Co., 251 * St
Louis, Mo.
INVENTORS, send sketch or model of
your invention, for opinion concerning patentable
nature, and exact cost of applying
for patent. Book, "How to Obtain a Patent,"
sent free. Gives information on patent
procedure and tells what every inventor
should know. Established twenty-eight
years Chandlee & Chandlee, 4 20 Seventh
St., Washington. D. C.
FARM LANDS FOR SALE
WILL sell 160 acres of level rock free
wild land, part timber, near railroad and
traveled highway with power line in settled
community, in St Louis County. Minn ,
$18.50 per acre. P. Fonos. New Richmond,
Wis.
PERSONAL
WILL you exchange letters, and make
new friends? You'll have lots of fun 1
Betty Lee. 4254 Broad wa\. New York City
stamp appreciated.
"'RITE photoplays. $25—$.100 paid
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience unnecessary.
Complete outline free. Producers
League, 59 2. St. Louis.
TOBACCO or snuff habit cured or no
pay. Jl.OO if cured. Remedy sent on
trial. Superba Co., SK, Baltimore, Md

AT ED WORLD 13
$ 80 Drafting Course Free
There is such an urgent demand for practical,
trainedDrasf tsmen that I am making this special offer in order
to enable deserving, ambitious and bright men to get into this line of
work. I will teach you to become a Draftsman and Designer, until you
are drawing a salary of $250.00 a month. You need not pay me
for my personal instruction or for the complete set of instruments.
$250 a
Month
Starting salary
Chief according Draftsman
to my
agreement and
guarantee.Draftsmen's
work is
pleasant and
profitable. Positions are open paying
$3,600.00 a year in the best surroundings.
They are open everywhere. Thousands of
men are needed who have just the kind of
training I will give you. You can get this
training during spare time in your own home.
Mail the Coupon
for my valuable book —"Succesful
Draftsmanship." It explains how YOU can become
a Successful Draftsman in a short time.
The book is free at present, so write AT ONCE.
Ill
Earn While Learning |
You can be earning a handsome income
while learning at home. This is a special
offer I am making. Absolutely no obligations of
anv kind in sending coupon. But you must write
at once, as I liir it the number of my students.
Mail the FREE Coupon f once
-_-_-________. _—, _» * for my
book— "Succeatfal Draftsmanship, " also list of open
oositions and for the free offer to be earning good money at
once while learning at home. This offer la limited and in .rder
to benefit thereby — act at onct.
Chief Draftsman Dobe
4001 Broadway, Div. 1386 Chicago. 111.
Will Train You Personally
on practical Draftingroom
work Until you are
competent and Until you
are in a permanent position
at a salary paying at
least $250 per month. This is an
exceptional opportunity for a
few selected ambitious men, between
the ages of 16 and 50
whom I will train personally.
Send the Coupon
or a letter and let me tell
you how you can become
a Draftsman in your
spare time and earn a good
salary. Don't delay — send
the coupon at once.
I Guarantee
To instruct rot) until
competent and In *
1 • rmanent p • j I n g
position at a regular
Draftsman's salary of
at Unit $260 per
month and guarantee
to furnish yoa Ire©
complete I >raf tsmnn'n
worktop outfit
at once from th .start.
FREE-this $ 25°__
Draftsman's Working Outfit
^gM| These are regular working
^^a\\\w\_\ instruments, the kind I use my-
enroll at once. Send the Free Coupon today.
Free Course Offer Coupon
Chief Draftsman Dobe
4001 Broadway, Div. 1386 Chicago
Without any obligation to me please
mail your book, "Successful Draftsmanship"
and full particulars of your
liberal 'Ptisonal Instruction" offer
to a few students. It is understood
I am obligated in no way whatever.
Name~
Address
Kindly mention Illustrated World when zuriting advertisers.

14 ILLUSTRATED WO
PERSONAL
ALCOHOL Book $1. Formulas free.
Rye, rum flavors, $_: bottle. Copper kettles.
C. Cara, Box 2571, Boston.
$5,000 IN Prizes to readers of GLOOM.
The Devil's Book. That new snappy, jazzy
magazine. Chuck full of hilarity, ridicule,
sarcasm, jokes and red-hot editorials of
Truth. When Gloomy Buy Gloom. Have a
laugh with Old Nick himself. Published
monthly. For sale on news stands at 25c
per copy, $2.50 per year or direct from
Gloom Publishing Co., Los Angeles, Calif.
LONESOME Club—Hundreds single, congenial
people, all walks of life, want to
correspond. Particulars, photos, etc., free.
Hon. Ralph Hyde, 161, San Francisco, Cal.
LATHES
BENCH lathes. Johnston "Monitor Nine"
HI-Duty screw cutting engine lathe, actual
swing 9 % in.; center distance IS inches;
hole through spindle %. inches. Stamp for
catalog. The Johnston Mfg. Co., Arlington,
N. J.
WANTED
Railway Mail Clerks
$1600 SHOULD WRITE to $2300 IMMEDIATELY Year
Steady work. No layoffs. Paid Vacations 4>
MEN-BOYS OVER 16
Common education sufficient: .
Send coupon today—SURE •
PATENTS
MISCELLANEOUS
"SEXUAL Philosophy," 12c, clear, specific,
authoritative, complete. Teaches, satisfies.
Fred E. Kaessmann, Lawrence, Mass.
YOUB name and address fashionably
opes, $1; 100 calling cards, 50 cents prepaid.
A. Kraus, 305 Kraus Bldg., Milwaukee,
Wis.
150 NOTE HEADS, 100 white envelopes
printed and mailed, $1. Samples printing
free. Sunco, Mohawk, New York.
+ FRANKLIN INSTITUTE. Dept. GI8I, Rochester. N. Y.
• Sirs. Send me without charge, (1) Sample Railway Mail
«^* Clerk Examination questions; (2) Schedule showing places
Cy in all coming U. 8. Government examinations; (3) list of
;J? many government jobs now obtainable.
Write for our Free Illustrated Guide Book HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT, also
our blank form, "RECORD OF INVENTION," which should be signed.
witnessed and if returned to us together with model or sketch and description of
the invention, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature.
Highest References Prompt Attention Reasonable Terms
VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys
New York Offices
Woolworth Bldg.
Gentlemen
iName Address
Pittsburgh Offices Philadelphia Offices
514 Empire Bldg. 7 _u _ •> Lib«-r»v Lldg.
Chicago Offices: 1114 Tacoma Bldg.
MAIN OFFICES: 769 NINTH STREET, WASHINGTON, D.
Please send me Free of charge your book as per offer.
Only $45.00 For Thia Job Complete
9ovo exhorbttau t freight rstss and
one-half original cost by bayim
Ford Speedster Bodies
knocked-down. Simple,
complete Instructions
tarnished, all parts cat
to exsct fit. Aoj one
.•__ assemble this job.
Complete with hood, radiator
helf. Instrument baard. apbolst- \ ^ ^ ^ Not Pmpai'Pattern*
ting, metal parts, wood parts. All Parts Complete
jolts ice*., etc. Fiat radiator shall famished mads tip. Designed low
with lack of wind resistance. Pries aet opS90, farther particulars on request*
The Central Aato Sapply Co. Egg. Dtp. 121, ttplfTllle, Ky.
DO YOU LIKE TO DRAW?
Cartoonists are well paid
We will not give you any grand prize if you
answer this ad. Nor "ill we claim to make you
rich in a week. But if you are anxious to develop
your talent with a successful cartoonist, so you
can make money, send a copy of this picture,
with 6 cents in stamps for portfolio of cartoons
and sample lesson plate, and let us explain.
Th* W. L EVANS SCHOOL OF CARTOONING
843 Loader Bldg.. Cleveland. Ohio
Do Him a Favor
Learn rTJ> Earn
San Francisco Offices
Hobart Bldg.
$100 to $400
Per Month
Qualify rip-h t away for a good paying lob and _irii.hr future In the
Auto and Tractor field. At our uruat school, under expert instruction,
you can learn to operate, adjust and repair
_>f Autos,Tractors, Trucks and Gas Engines.
including complete automotive electricity.
U w tuition now. Work with actual tools.
yas an aato expert
' Send for free hook. Get full mformaiton.
MILWAUKEE MOTOR SCHOOL. OepVlnnq
555 Downer Ave.. Milwaukee. Wisconsin
12 Months to Pay
«••• You can i _-. > earn or save moneyfor the
small payments. Parents of tenadvance tirst payment
to help tray a RANGER bicvcle. Choice of 4-t styles.
colors and Stan. FACTORY-TO-RIDER prices.
DELIVERED FREE express prepaid on approval
for 30 DAYS' TRIAL, actual free riding test.
^*|«H|cbest * low prices. n Send quality, No at Money. factory prices, erpreta
Wri^e too ay lor free
_ irC^prrjHTid. Lamps, wbeete. and equipment,
RangerCatalog, factory
prices and mirre'
Wo-vH cycle Company
FlvCH&Dept.D^. Chicago
Y O U R Newsdealer is under a steady expense to maintain a
store for your convenience. He must order his magazines
in advance without being sure of selling them all. Help him
by telling him to save a copy of ILLUSTRATED WORLD for you
every month. Thus, you will do him a favor and insure yourself
against ever missing an issue. Or, if you wish to subscribe,
give your subscription to him. He is authorized to take it at the
regular rates.
Illustrated World

A Big Raise in Salary!
Is Very Easy to Qet, If You Qo About It in the Right Way
You have often heard of others who have doubled and trebled their
salaries in a year's time. You wondered how they did it. Was it a pull?
Don't you think it. When a man is hired he gets paid for exactly what he
does, there is no sentiment in business. It's preparing for the future and
knowing what to do at the right time that doubles and trebles salaries.
Remember When You Were a Kid We Will Show You How
and tried to ride a bike for the very first Without loss to you of a single working hour
time? You thought that you would never
learn and then—all of a sudden you knew
how, and said in surprise: "Why it's a cinch
if you know how." It's that way with most
things, and getting a job with big money is
no exception to the rule, if you know how.
we can show you a sure way to success and
big pay. A large number of men in each of
the positions listed are enjoying their salaries
because of our help — we want to help you.
Make check on the coupon against the job you want
and we will help you to get it. Write or print your
name on the coupon and send it in today.
AMERICAN SCHOOL
Dept. G-C-48a
OF CORRESPONDENCE
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE, Dept. G- c-48a :
I want job checked — tell me how to get it-
Architect $5,000 to $15,000
.Building Contractor $5,000 to $10,000
. Automobile Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
Automobile Repairman $2,500 to $4,000
.Civil Engineer $5,000 to $15,000
. Structural Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
.Business Manager $5,000 to $15,000
.Certified Public Accountant $7,000 to $15,000
Accountant and Auditor $2,500 to $7,000
Draftsman and Designer $2,500 to $4,000
.Electrical Engineer
Name
. General Education
$4,000 to $10,000
.Address.
In one year
Chicago, U. S. A.
. Lawyer $5,000 to $15,000
.Mechanical Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
Shop Superintendent $3,000 to $7,000
. Employment Manager $4,000 to $10,000
Steam Engineer $2,000 to $4,000
Foreman's Course $2,000 to $4,000
Photoplay Writer $2,00^ to $10,000
Sanitary Engineer $2,000 to $5,000
.Telephone Engineer $2,500 to $5,000
.Telegraph Engineer $2,500 to $5,000
.High School Graduate In two years
.Fire Insurance Expert $3,000 to $10,000
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

16
ILLUSTRATED WC".
1 ^* m! ^&^r-
Quick Success in Aviation
Fascinating—Daring—Big To young men of daring, no other field of work teresting book that tells you Paying
things you have
offers such a fascination, such high pay, nor such
opportunities for quick success as the field of
AviaUon. As yet, aviation is practically in its infancy.
NOW is the time to get in.
In the automobile industry and in the moving
picture business hundreds of men got rich by getting
in at the start. They made their success before
others woke up. Today, these lines offer no greater
opportunities than a hundred and one others. BUT
AVIATION IS NEW. Get in while the opportunity
and pay are big. All over the country there is a clamor
for trained men. It is not a question
of pay but of getting capable men.
Here Are Real Positions,
$50 to $150 Per Week
Aeronautical Instructor, Aeronautical
Engineer, Aeronautical Contractor,
Airplane Repairman, Airplane
Mechanician, Airplane Inspector,
Airplane A Sure Salesman, and Airplane Easy Assembler, Way to
Airplane Builder,
Learn Aviation-af Home
iasi
always wanted to know. Only one hour each
evening will give you the basic training in a
surprisingly short time. You need only a common
school education.
One of my students,
James Powers, Pa.,
says, "I am indeed
Amazing Opportunities
in Airplane Industries surprised that such a
valuable Course can
be had from such
practical men for so
little COSt." A New Sena-Punster Airplane
Personal Instructio
Experienced Men
Men whohave had actual experience
give you personal attention. They
select the lessons, lectures, blueprints
and bulletins. They teli you things
that are essential in everyday practice.
Each lesson is easy to read and
A New Job—The Aerial Postman
View in an Airplane Factory
understand.
Send coupon below for New Book, Just out. "Opportunities in
the BIG Airplane Industry." BOOK It is 17D17I7
Interesting and instructive. It
will show you many things you never knew before about aviation.
Due to shortage of of Opportunities paper we could get only MV a JAJC-JLj
limited supply
The study of avia­ of these books—send the coupon before they are all gone.
tion is almost as fas­
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
cinating as the actual
3601 Michigan Ave., Dept., 1276, Chicago, IU.
work. Every lesson is
I AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
full of interest. That 3601 Michigan Ave., Dept. 1276, Chicago. 111.
is why it is easy to Without any obligation. Bend me your Free Book. •'Opportunitlea In the Air­
learn aviation. You I plane Industry,'' also Information about your Course l__Tactical Aeronautic
Name..
do not have to make
yourself study—it is I
like reading an in- I Street..
•I City
State..
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII SEPTEMBER, 1922 No.
Captain "Eddie" Rickenbacker, American Ace of Aces, in His Fighting Togs
COME ON, AMERICA-LET'S FLY
By CAPTAIN E. V. RICKENBACKER
(Vice-President of the Rickenbacker Motor Company!
When Uncle Sam took up arms against Germany, Eddie Rickenbacker was in
Europe designing a speed creation which would win him further laurels in the racing
profession. No sooner had the news flashed overseas than he came back to America
to enlist the automobile racing drivers into a squadron of fighting plane pilots.
Washington, however, did not warm up to the idea—so Eddie accepted General
Pershing's invitation to drive his car, knowing that it would be a short cut to the
American Air Service. Eighteen months later he returned—the American Ace of
Aces, with twenty-six German combat planes to his credit.
And what did he find? America, the birthplace of the flying machine, the eagle
of the world, flopping like a pinionless pelican. Who clipped the eagle's wings?
What had happened to progressive America? Did we want the ostrich for our
national bird? Well, we had him. All these things, and others even less agreeable,
Rickenbacker, America's Ace of Aces, saw. So far as flying is concerned, we are
in the heart of the ox-cart days.
Is it any wonder, then, that Captain Rickenbacker should battle Americas indifference—and
strive to awaken us to our position in aeronautics? America is first
in everything else—why be last in the air? ILLUSTRATED WORLD requested
Captain Rickenbacker, who has a half million flying miles to his credit, to write
this article. And in it he asks a question America haps the must reason answer.—THE for our delinquency EDITOR. in
W H Y does America lag in flying?
Is it because we lack interest, because
we do not care to keep in
step with the rest of the world? Or is it
because we cannot own our own individual
plane just as we own Fords ? Or per­
flight is due to the fact that we are a
little "gun shy."
I would hate to think that. Especially
when one realizes that in Europe they do
not associate danger with flying any more

18
Fourteen Years Ago They Started Flying in
Crude Machines of This Type. Think of the
Rapid Strides Aviation Has Made Since 1908
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
than they do with driving. Afraid to fly!
That's hardly an expression to use to the
red-blooded Americans I know.
So there must be another reason!
There must be—for thousands upon thousands
of Americans are paying out good
money, ten and fifteen dollars a throw,
for the privilege of getting the flying
thrill—even for five minutes. So surely
it would be ridiculous to imagine that
red-blooded America is overcautious in
this one thing.
Then why don't we fly? Why are we,
really, no farther ahead with our commercial
and pleasure planes than we
were five or six years ago? Why don't
we fly ? Why are not our air lanes as
familiar to the sportsman as are our highways?
Nothing is comparable with the thrill
of flying; the world knows no sport to
equal it. We are a speed nation. The
professional automobile racer has a hundred
thousand, aye and more, amateur
brothers who will contest the right of
way with him on almost any American
highway he travels.
As a nation we glory in "stepping on
it." Yet we ignore the machine that will
Such a Contraption Would Never Fly, the Wiseacres
Said. But the Wright Brothers Proved Otherwise
give us, with safety, triple the speed of
the automobile. We spend hundreds of
millions every year on concrete and rubber—trying
to avoid bumps and dust—
complaining and fussing about blowouts
and detours—but for some strange reason
fail to take to the air where such
troubles are unknown.
We all know that flying was made possible
through American genius, by the
efforts of Professor Langley of the
Smithsonian Institute, the Wright Brothers
and Glenn Curtis. We know that before
we entered the World War that we
were progressing with our flying; that
we were planning and building commercial
planes and pleasure planes that would

sell for the same price as a good
automobile.
The World War advanced flying
twenty years in most countries—but
not so in America.
Instead of advancing aeronautics
here it seemed actually to have
checked what momentum the
movement formerly possessed.
WHY?
That is a question many ask
but few venture to answer. It
is unnecessary to outline the
progress of European countries,
to tell how the airplane is almost
as common there as the automobile.
Suffice to say that both
commercial and pleasure planes
sail as regularly as trains move
here, and with no more accidents.
I want to call your attention to
one feature of this situation: the
air interests in Europe look upon
us as the great undeveloped
country in their line—much as
we look upon China with regard
to automobiles.
They feel, and not without reason,
that it may be well for them
to come over here and do some
"Come on
of the pioneer work, establish air Win Back
lines for us and put us on our
wings. We are, if I may use the
expression, nest bound. We are
slow at flying. We apparently need a
little instruction for the backward.
WHY?
That is a sore subject with the fliers
of America—especially the boys who
served in the air "over there." We know !
We have tried flying in this country. It's
like automobile touring in Turkey; it can
be done—but
To get the answer to the big WHY,
let's look back a little. War developed
just one kind of airplane—that with tremendous
speed and little to shoot at.
Safety, convenience, comfort, durability
—all were sacrificed for speed.
Suppose the same situation arose in the
automobile industry. Suppose, for example,
that twenty years ago the whole
world stopped experimenting with commercial
and pleasure cars and turned to
producing racing models, just bare chassis
with a superpowerful, high-speed engine.
Suppose every factory was drafted
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 19
America, Let's Fly. Let's Get Out of the Dust and
Our Self-Respect and Climb to the Level of Other
Nations"
to making parts for such cars. Suppose
all other experimenting and developing
was stopped.
And, to continue our little supposition,
let's suppose a hundred thousand such
cars and their parts were dumped on the
public. This would mean that the general
public would have no use for the
cars, that it would not know how to handle
them. It would also mean that the cars
represented neither pleasure nor service.
And it would mean something else—
something that would prove an infinitely
greater barrier to the industry. It would
mean a glutted market—it would mean
no manufacturer could afford to make
new cars to sell against this surplus of
government material.
That is exactly what happened with
airplanes—and there you have the answer
to the big WHY. Business cannot afford
to make anything for which there is no
market—and as long as America was

20 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
flooded with war planes and training
planes the airplane manufacturer had no
chance.
Other countries foresaw this condition.
Their governments took hold and guaranteed
the commercial market for their
product. They refused to let a lot of
junked war planes stifle the new and wonderful
industry. They taught their people
to think in terms of flying. They
helped independent interests carry on in
the industry. They took the necessary
steps to open the eyes of their citizens to
the future of air travel. Tbey established
mail service, freight service, passenger
service. They built thousands of
public airdromes and landing fields.
They spent, let us say, one-tenth as much
for landing fields, airdromes and other
features necessary to air travel service,
as we spend on our roads.
The result? They are, though I hate
to admit it, twenty years ahead of us—
at least twenty years, based on our present
rate of travel.
The airplane industry in. America is
stagnant—and through no fault of the
industry itself. The government has
merely put it out of business.
Without the war and its results I am
sure that America would have a wellestablished
airplane industry now—and
stand well up with the other nations. But
you cannot dismantle an industry, tear
up its designs and plans and put it to
producing parts for fighting planes and
then swamp the market with old planes
and expect it to live.
The government did this, and now it is
up to the government to help that industry
get under way again!
No American industry expects to be
subsidized. We don't want to lean on
our government. But any industry has
a right to expect a government to undo
the knots it has tied in the industry's
prospects.
Fortunately—yes, I repeat, fortunately
—practically all the surplus of aeronautical
stock left over from the war has
been destroyed by inefficient management
and natural deterioration. There may be
a few useable planes left—but, broadly
speaking, the entire hundreds of millions
of dollars' worth of aeronautical equipment
is broken, rotted and rusted.
Now we can pick up the threads where
we were before entering the war and
carry on.
There is, however, one good feature to
all this. The government has trained
thousands of pilots, ground men and
mechanicians—has created a personnel
while it destroyed an industry. And this
personnel is composed of red-blooded
young Americans who intend to carry on.
These young men believe in the possibilities
of air transportation in America,
as does everyone else who has ever given
the subject a thought, and they will put it
over in a big way. Do not doubt that for
one second. They will! But they are
young, inexperienced in business and
without capital. It will take them years
to finance and establish the industry.
Meanwhile Europe forges steadily
ahead !
These young men are mortgaging their
futures for the airplane industry. They
have dedicated their lives to the development
of air travel. They are scrimping
and saving, borrowing and struggling.
Many of them bought the old planes on
time, others borrowed, others worked for
them. And when they got these war
planes they used them for exhibition purposes,
for advertising purposes and as
taxi-planes.
It is pathetic to see these brave war
heroes struggling to put an industry on
its feet, fighting to give the American
eagle wings—and doing it without help
or encouragement.
Where is the American spirit, Amer­
ica? Why don't you fly? Why do you
flutter and beat your wings helplessly in
the dirt while the rest of the world soars
over your head?
Why do you spend millions, and hundreds
of millions, on endless miles of concrete
highways, on putting service stations
for the automobile industry on every
cross-corner the entire breadth and
length of the country, while you spend
not one dollar for landing fields and airdromes
?
I am not going to talk of national
pride ; I am not going to speak of the suicide
of having inferior air protection in
case of war ; I am not even going to mention
what it means to America as a nation
to keep in step with the rest of the world.
I'm only going to call your attention to
what it means to you personally.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 21
Through Every Kind of Weather Our Mail Planes Cross and Recross the Continent
You know, of course, that an airplane
is as safe as an automobile, that it can be
made infinitely more comfortable and
that it is incomparably faster. For every
pleasure and thrill you get from an automobile
you get a half dozen from a plane.
I know—I drive both.
I am interested in the automobile industry—it
is my bread and butter. I
think it is marvelous—and that it will
continue to grow and expand. I think
that every penny spent on good roads is a
dollar invested. I think every family
should own an automobile. I am for the
automobile twenty-four hours a day.
America is so far ahead of the rest of
the world in the automobile industry that
there is no comparison. It stands alone
and unchallenged. It will stand alone and
unchallenged in the air as well as on the
road, once we find ourselves. But we
must find ourselves !
Foreigners are planning to corner our
aeronautical industry. And they are justified,
too. We have fluttered and
floundered too long!
Are the billions to be made in American
airplanes to be made by Americans
or foreigners ?
What does this mean to you ? It means
that unless America takes heed we will
be dependent upon others for our wings
—that every turn of an American propeller
will pay revenue to foreign investors.
Just let that sink in! You know the oil
wealth of Mexico—of Mesopotamia—you
know it goes to fatten the purses of Eurp-
peans. How would you like the air industry
of America to pay the same sort
of revenue ? Would it not be pleasant to
feel, every time you flew, that you were
helping maintain European armies, that
you were paying for the fetes of royalty?
What is the remedy ? Fly ! Start flying
now ! Show the world you are alive !
Come On, America—LET'S FLY ! Let's
get out of the dust and mud—let's get
back our self respect and fly to the level
of other nations. Let's get the thrill and
joy and comfort of the air. Let's sample
it's speed !! Let's go !
I don't know who wrote this—but he
had the idea:
"What a joy. what a thrill to sail, upborne
By a strong, free wing, through the rosy
morn!
To meet the young sun face to face,
And pierce like a shaft the boundless
space;
To pass through the bowers of silver
cloud;
To sing in the thunder-halls aloud;
To spread out the wings for a wild, free
flight
With the upper cloud-winds—it's sheer
delight!
Have you ever let down your top,
dropped your windshield and then
stepped on it, the old cut-out roaring and
the clean, fresh air whistling a challenge
in your ears ? Have you ever hit sixty—
gone over a tiny hill and felt the thrill as
your car sailed down?
Then how would you like to split a
cloud? Why not do it then? Get a-wing
and give the industry a chance!

22 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Ideal Flying Field Will Be One Mile Square. Concrete Runways Will Be Placed So That Planes Can
Leave or Land into the Wind in Wet Weather. Hangars Will Be Built in One Continuous Row With Fire
Walls Located at Frequent Intervals. Each Hangar Will Be Connected With a Central Office Which Will
Contain Wireless Telegraph and Its Own Meteorological Station Having Direct Connections With the United
States Weather Bureau. No Towers or High Buildings Will Be Allowed in the Immediate Vicinity. The
Field Will Be Equipped With Powerful Batteries of Landing Lights and High-Power Search-lights, These to
Serve as Beacons
Afraid? America afraid. Don't make
me laugh !
On July 16th the air mail service of the
Post Office Department completed a
year's daily service without a single fatal
accident. During this time the planes flying
on the New York-to-San Francisco
route covered 1,750,000 miles.
Over in Europe they do better than a
million miles a month, carrying freight
the air way as well as running palatial
liners, air Pullmans, on regular schedule.
Nothing stops them over there. It
doesn't over here, either, once we get
a-wing.
The record of the air mail service
proves we can fly. I think some of us
gave indications of that "over there," too.
Through every kind of weather—summer,
winter, fall and spring, over mountains
anrl deserts, through rain and snow,
battling hurricane and blizzard—our mail
planes crossed and recrossed the continent.
The air mail service is a step in the
right direction. Through its development
the public is benefited in several
ways. It forms a nucleus for our defensive
air fleet—and our offensive air fleet,
too. Roosevelt said a stiff offense is the
best defense and he was 100 per cent
right.
The development of our mail service
would create a ground organization 100
per cent perfect and it would develop pilots
approximately 80 per cent war perfect,
for any pilot who can successfully
fly across country has mastered the fundamentals
for war-time service. All that
would be necessary in case of another
war would be to develop his ability to
shoot or to use destructive arms.
The development of our mail service
would create a demand for the type of
plane in peace time that could be converted
over night into an offensive or defensive
weapon.
But once we, as individuals, get a-wing
we will develop planes that can be turned
into war machines over night. Just review
the types of automobile you see on
the street. Think of the classy, jazzy,
little speed wagons, of the luxurious toti'r-
(Continued on page ISO)

Scaling the World's Highest Mountain
Camp of the Royal Geographic Society's
expedition, high up in the Himalayas,
which is climbing Mount Everest, the
loftiest peak on the globe
Mount Everest, or Gaurisankar ("Mountain
of the Gods"), 29,212 feet high, the
objective of the expedition, is the peak
shown above immediately to the left of
the highest appearing peak. The party is
elaborately equipped for its extremely difficult
task, the baggage (right center)
being carried by fifty coolies and 350
yaks. Below, General Bruce arranging
for transport of the supplies
.^^f^'-^fs:
>i/l_L.% Jv

Don't Try to Go Too Fast Too Quick
The Whole Trick to Win Success, Says the Creator of the World-Fam
Gump Cartoons, Is to Keep Plugging and Building. If You Plug and
Build You're a Plugger; if You Plug and Don't Build, You're a
Plug—and Who Wants to Be a Plug?
"Sid" Smith
By SIDNEY SMITH
Cartoons Drawn Expressly for Illustrated World
T took me twenty
years of steady
plugging to "get
across." Maybe you
will do it in half
that time. BUT—
It's possible to be in
too big a rush.
Of course, there
are those who have
soared to the top in
a bare two or three
years—especially in the movies. And
there are those who haven't.
Let's see what the dope sheet says.
Some industrious statistician has compiled
figures on "reaching the top" which
prove conclusively that you can win success
in a single year—and these figures
show the percentage of those who do it.
One in forty-three thousand !
I don't know much about betting, but
forty-three thousand to one—well, I
wouldn't want to bet my future on that
ticket. And betting your future is exactly
what you are doing when you undertake
to sprint for success.
You have to hustle to keep in the traffic
these days, but there is considerable
difference between hustling and sprinting.
Hustling is like a good brisk pine
fire; sprinting like a flash of gunpowder.
The flash is more to look at—but I'd hate
to have to fry my pork chops over it.
And I would hate to have to pin my
hope for profits on the youngster in business
who gets off with a million-dollar
start. Somehow I can't help thinking of
the stick every time I see a skyrocket go
up. It goes up with a flash and comes
down with a thud.
You may not realize it now, but your
life's work is like a marathon race: the
lead you get by sprinting the first quarter
mile is generally the load that breaks you.
It's like premature prosperity—a sixcylinder
boomerang.
24
Of course there are those sprightly
lads who can run a jack-rabbit ragged for
an appetizer and then chase a monkey out
of the trees for a steady diet. Why, once
I knew a fellow—
But I knew a whole lot more of the
other type, individuals like you and me,
poor pluggers who have to have more
than a hatful of inspiration and a coatful
of ambition to win fame and fortune.
Now me, myself, personal'—I never did
blossom forth full panoplied and ready to
cash in. Lots of times I was almost ready
to cash in—but I kept plugging and
building.
And that is the whole trick—to keep
plugging and building. Don't forget the
building. You can plug without building
even if you cannot build without plugging.
If you plug and build you
are a plugger; if you plug and don't
build vou are a plug—and who wants to
be a plug?
Success is built, not inherited or contracted.
And to build you must have a
foundation. And right there is where
Mr. Sprinter drops out. You can't build
a foundation while you are doing a hundred-yard
dash.
And gosh, how the impetuous youth
hates the idea of a foundation. It surely
looks like labor lost to him. I remember
what sincere disgust a foundation crew
inspired in me way back in the good old
"chalk-talk" days. Two buildings were
going up within a couple of blocks of
each other, and I had occasion to pass
both almost every clay.
In the building of one the workmen
got right down to business, and the
bricks went up a-hopping. But the other
gang—gosh, how they irritated me. They
fussed and measured and dug and
pumped—and at the end of six weeks all
they had to show for the noise they had
made was a pile of sand and clay and a
few chips of bed rock.

"Hustling Is Like a Good Brisk Pine Fire; Sprinting Like a
Flash of Gunpowder. The Flash Is More to Look at—but I'd
Hate to Have to Fry My Pork Chops Over it"
On the other building they had four
stories up—and were at the fifth. They
weren't wasting time digging holes and
filling them with concrete—they were
piling on stories instead.
I took a sort of personal pride in the
bricklayers and carpenters on the one
building and awarded the foundation
workers on the other my sincerest contempt.
I believed in action, in results, in
getting things done in a hurry.
A few years later I was in Toledo
again and passed the location of my
"speed building," only to find a hotel on
its site. I made a few inquiries and
learned that my pride had "just naturally
caved in." So I continued to the building
those foundation workers had been preparing
for. There it stood, solid and substantial
: and there it'll stand for a good
many more years.
And at that instant I realized how fully
I had, in the passing years, unconsciously
accepted the theory that the foundation is
two-thirds of the battle.
Take cartooning, for example. You
would not, at first thought, imagine there
was much of a foundation to that—except
for the mechanical skill of drawing.
But a second thought would change your
mind. You would realize that the cartoon
is supposed to reflect human nature—
things as they are. It deals in caricature,
exaggeration, hyperbole — but it must,
nevertheless, picture things as they are.
It must show an understanding of human
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 25
nature, a knowledge of history,
an intimacy with current events.
Its foundation is humor, and
there can be no humor without
understanding. A man may be
clever enough to "put over" a
funny "strip" on the strength of
his skill with tbe pen and the
novelty of his "chatter" for a
little while—but his characters
cannot last, cannot hold the interest
of the public unless they
interest themselves in many activities
and in many phases of
our everyday life.
It's just like the high-school
girl who wins a ten-thousanddollar
prize for a novel—and
then smolders out like an exploded
fire-cracker because she
has not the "foundation," the experience,
from which to build her next
story.
And that successful start becomes the
worst handicap she has to battle. It has
given her a false standard—she has begun
at the top and has to build downward.
And she must build downward in
order to have a foundation.
Of course the simple knowledge that
the height you can climb depends upon
the strength of your foundation was not
always mine and I did not, as a youngster,
start out to get that foundation. I
did not say to myself:
"Now, Robert Sidney, your quest at
present is for experience, to lay the foundation
of your future. Keep that always
in mind and remember that experience is
cheap at almost any price. Don't figure
on the immediate returns—but look to
the future." ,
I'll bet I never said anything like that.
I was so busy trying to keep my stomach
and backbone apart that philosophy of
such nature never occurred to me. I goi
my experience because I was just naturally
inquisitive and couldn't stay in a rut
even if I landed there.
The art of holding jobs was not an
inherited gift of mine. I could get them,
but I couldn't hold them. One of four
reasons always popped up to start me on
my weary way again. Those reasons
were: the boss didn't like me or I didn't
like the boss; I didn't like the location
or I'd get a new idea. I was a bit inde-

26 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"Experience Gives You an Insight Into the Funny Twists of Human Nature."
pendent, too, though I can't determine
whether I was independent because I
wanted to be or because it was thrust
upon me. Anyhow, I kept moving—and
earning. And building, too, incidentally.
Every new job I had, every new
scheme I concocted added to my store
of experience and to my foundation for
future work. I'm not telling you this because
I think it is the proper way to get
experience, (I know mighty well it is
not) but because I want you to realize
that I did not fall into such success as
I may later have gained by pure and unadulterated
accident. Nor did I do it
over night. I'm not one of the fortythree-thousand-to-one
shots.
I'm an easy-going sort of a chap, but
I'm a trifle touchy on one subject. I don't
like to be asked how I "happened to
strike on the Gumps" or how I "happened
to hit on something the public
likes."
An architect asked me, not long ago,
if I did not think I was mighty lucky to
pick a series of strips in my Gumps that
hung so well together and that struck the
public's fancy.
I had to laugh—couldn't help it. Then
I smiled sweetly and assured him I did—
and also that I was fortunate to have the
opportunity to congratulate the man who
had been lucky enough to pick out the
bunch of blueprints that won him the
contract for one of the largest buildings
in the city. It was public knowledge that
he had worked over those plans for more
than a year.
If you think that a cartoonist falls into
an idea that wins the public's approval
and then sails along on that momentum
—don't tell him so. And if you imagine
that a writer turns out his stories through
the goodness of the goddess who endows
us with genius, keep that to yourself also.
If you think the funny man just rattles
off the cute things that pop into his head,
cogitate before taking him into your confidence.
The chances are five to one that right
at the time of your remark the cartoonist
would be worrying the starch out of his
best collar in an effort to dig up an idea
that will keep his strip in step with some
new wrinkle ; that the writer is digging
through musty records trying to protect
himself against some busybody who loves
{Continued on page lH)

Making Old Paper Over into New
By CHARLES H. BENSON
Experimental Paper Machine in Which De-inked Paper Is Turned Out by the United States Forest
Products Laboratory
T H E discovery of a process for taking
the ink from old newspapers and
converting this paper into new
stock which is of as high a quality as the
original, and consequently just as suitable
for printing purposes, is the interesting
and highly important announcement
just made by the United States forest
products laboratory.
Coming at a time when the paper resources
of the country are causing much
concern, the value of such a process cannot
be overestimated. Its general application
in the recovery of old newspaper
stock alone would furnish a very considerable
portion of our daily consumption
of approximately seven thousand tons of
newsprint, which is just now the chief
worry of publishers. That the old newspapers
could be collected if a sufficiently
attractive price were offered is indicated
by the fact that during the war, when
high prices for old paper prevailed, some
twenty-five hundred tons a day were
gathered in our metropolitan centers.
The idea of de-inking printed papers
and making new stock therefrom is not
new. For many years it has been tried
at various times, and with varying degrees
of success, but none of the methods
employed has given entire satisfaction
because none of them would remove
all the ink. It is comparatively easy to
loosen the carbon black of printing inks
by dissolving the varnish of the ink with
alkalies such as sodium carbonate or caustic
soda, using as little as forty pounds
of sodium carbonate per ton of paper and
temperatures as low as 120 degrees
Fahrenheit. Such treatment will not injure
ground wood pulp, and if the carbon
black could be completely washed out
after liberation a satisfactory material
would be obtained.
Unfortunately, however, the fibers of
the paper stock serve as a very effective
filter in enmeshing the particles of carbon
and there are no means of washing
in common use that will permit their
complete removal without prohibitive
27

28 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Adding Bentonite in Powdered Form to the Solution
in Which Old Newspapers Are to Be Treated for
Removing Ink
losses of time, power, and water. In
fact, a point seems to be reached beyond
which it is impossible to remove the remaining
traces of ink.
It was therefore necessary to find a
substance which would not only pass
through ordinary filters but carry the carbon
black along with it. In the search
for such a substance the forest products
laboratory was successful, and announcement
has been made that bentonite, a
clay-like material formed from volcanic
ash and found largely in Wyoming, is
the medium through which the successful
de-inking of old papers is carried on.
Bentonite has been defined by the United
States Geological Survey as a transported,
stratified, volcanic ash that has
been altered shortly after deposition. It
is very fine grained and in contact with
water has the faculty of swelling to several
times its original volume into a jellylike
mass which, on further dilution,
forms collodial solutions which will remain
in suspension indefinitely in mixtures
as dilute as one part of bentonite to
fifty parts of water.
Not only has the forest products laboratory
made exhaustive tests with bentonite,
and with the most satisfactory re­
sults, transforming old newspaper stock
into new stock which could not be distinguished
from the original, but one mill
under commercial conditions has de-inked
1,500 tons of old newspapers, which were
then made into newspaper print of the
desired strength and color and accepted
by publishers as standard. Because of
the cheapness of the new process, officials
of the laboratory believe that much of
2,200,000 tons of newsprint annually used
can be salvaged.
The process employed by the forest
products laboratory in de-inking paper is
as follows: A 25-pound Hollander
beater is half filled with water to which
about 2 pounds of soda ash is added and
allowed to dissolve. From 2 to 3y
pounds of ground bentonite are next
slowly added and beaten into collodial solution
by the action of the beater roll.
Printed newspapers or magazines weighing
from 25 to 35 pounds are next added
to the beater, with the beater roll raised
from the bed plate, and water slowly
adding alum, while the book paper runs 15
merged. Finally steam is blown in to
raise the temperature to between 50 and
75 degrees centigrade, after which the
papers are macerated for from ten to
twenty minutes.
Following the period of maceration the
drum washer is lowered and washing
commenced. When this has proceeded
far enough to reduce materially the apparent
quantity of ink present, about 10
per cent of sulphite, based on the weight
of the old papers charged, is added to
give the desired strength, and to facilitate
the completion of the washing by
rendering the stock more open.
When the washing process has proceeded
to the point where the waste
water has become free from ink, about
100 cubic centimeters of sulphuric acid
is added to neutralize any alkali remaining,
and to brighten the stock. The washing
is then continued for ten minutes
more, after which sizing, loading, and
coloring materials are added to give the
type of paper desired. In the case of
newsprint, the stock is simply tinted by
adding alum, while the book paper runs 15
per cent of clay and 1.5 per cent of rosin
size are added. The loss during the entire
process is only about 9 or 10 per cent
of the original paper stock.

How They Got Their Education
By WILLIAM FLEMING FRENCH
What is an education worth? Ten thousand dollars? 1 A hundred thousand?
A million? That depends upon whether you cam it by tlie sweat of
your brozv and whether you know how to use it after you get it. Education,
after all, is only a tool—you must learn to wield it.
Here is a story of some of America's greatest men, and how they learned
to use their education as they got it. The rule of success seems to be "Apply
zvhat you team as you learn it." The men you meet in "How They Got Their
Education" dia not permit their brains to become storehouses of unapplied
knowledge.
"£1ACRE—dees light — shees breeng At thirty Bob Dollar, wealthy young
i^N ten tousan' meelyon skeeters an' lumber prince, was still studying. He
plaintee bug by dee reever. Firs' was well educated then, but he continued
t'ing we know we gon' craizee. Blow to read, investigate and weigh. His
heem, dam' fas'."
study extended to timber, to men, to
But the boss from the main camp navigation and to international interests.
stepped between the irate riverman and At forty-five he was the outstanding
the cook boy whose lantern was burning figure in American lumber and shipping
late into the night.
—and still studying. At fifty he was
"Here, lad," he said as he took the recognized as the best authority on inter­
lantern from the spike on which it hung national relations with the Orient in all
from the branch directly over the cook America.
boy's improvised desk, "put this thing At sixty Captain Robert Dollar was
out and come up to the cabin. You can owner of vast timber holdings and sev­
read there all night, if you want to. Read eral steamship lines. Called into con­
till the cook routs you out."
ference on international matters and on
"I'm not readin'."
the problem of America's merchant
"No?"
marine by President Wilson, Captain
"No; I'm studyin'—and figgerin'." Dollar was acknowledged the best in­
"Figgerin' ? Figuring what ? Want formed man on matters pertaining to
to be an estimate clerk at the mill?" foreign relations, especially regarding
"No."
shipping, in the country. President of
"Figuring how much you'll have to the Chamber of Commerce and the Mer­
spend after the drive?"
chants' Exchange of San Francisco, di­
"No."
rector of the Foreign Trade Council,
"Then what's the idea? Why are you director of the fifty-million-dollar Amer­
figuring ?"
ican International Corporation, personal
"I'm figgerin' for an education. Want adviser of the government of China and
to know how to read and write and fig- authority extraordinary for the American
ger. I want to know enough to be able shipping interests, this self-educated stu­
to do things when I'm a man."
dent was one of the big figures in Amer­
That was sixty years ago—and Bob ica's war work.
Dollar was then fifteen years old. Every No chance for an education! Have
night, every hour, when his many tasks you the chance the penniless cook boy in
did not keep him on the run, he was the lumber camp of the wilderness had?
studying. The rough body-and-soul tiring Or have you the chance that the poor,
work in that far north Canadian lumber underpaid, none - too - healthy, London
camp could not dim his enthusiasm, his clerk had—the young fellow who learned
determination to educate himself. Nor shorthand after his day's work, and then
could the years that followed.
in order to make enough money to stave
29

30 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"You Can't Be Inoculated with Education," Said
Thomas A. Edison. "Because the Only Education That
Is Any Good Is the One You Get"
off starvation had to put his newly acquired
talent to work evenings to earn
an additional two dollars a week ?
And about the only time this lad had
to study was on the jerky, bumpy,
smelly, noisy old underground that carried
him from his attic room to work
and from work to the home where he
labored of evenings. But he kept studying.
One day he read about the marvel of
the new world—of Thomas A. Edison.
He read and dreamed. There was an
example of accomplishment of the kind
he had dreamed about. He wanted to
know this wizard, to work for him, to
become associated with him.
But the wizard Edison was across the
sea—and not hunting for help. And the
young clerk and stenographer was in
London—penniless.
Yet Edison must need someone at his
right hand—a secretary. He would train
to be Edison's secretary. And so to his
other labors he added the study of Edison's
work and of electricity. He wanted
to be ready when the opportunity came.
For almost two years he strived and
studied. No other work interested him
—he wanted to be Edison's secretary. He
refused all other offers, for the result of
his perpetual study and unfaltering diligence
made him a sought-after employe.
Finally Edison heard of this young
secretary-to-be in the far land and Samuel
Instill, multimillionaire and the biggest
figure in electricity and public utilities
in this country today, left for New
York and his life's work.
How he labored in Edison's service and
yet clung to his intention to broaden his
education is history now. Suffice to say
that in spite of his daily stunt of fourteen
hours with Thomas A. Edison he contrived
to spend at least an hour a day in
study.
And you probably know that Thomas
Edison only spent three months of his life
in a school room, that it was while a
newsboy on a train running between Port
Huron and Detroit he not only studied
but actually turned an old smoking car
into a laboratory where he conducted his
chemical experiments ; that he published
the "Weekly Herald" on that train and
that he educated himself first in telegraphy,
later in chemistry and electricity and
still later in practically all branches of
science.
If ever the world turned out a selfeducated
man that man is Thomas A.
Edison. Later Edison explained that Instill
was the best educated man he had
ever known because he educated himself.
"You can't be inoculated with education,"
once said Edison, "because the
only education that is any good is the one
you get. And the only way to get it is to
work for it. The self-educated man is
the only really educated man."
Apparently this is the opinion of thousands
of other successful men in the country,
for such men as Richard T. Crane,
James J. Hill, Andrew Carnegie and I. P.
Morgan always showed a preference to
"home-trained men" as Crane called them.
In fact Crane and Hill were actively opposed
to the man who got his education
by other means.
"The man who learns in spite of handicap
learns well," said Carnegie. And
that such a man might have opportunity
to learn Carnegie put libraries in almost
every city of size in the country.
We find that Benjamin Franklin was
self-educated; that he mastered French,
German, Spanish and Latin without in-

struction ; that he studied algebra, geometry,
rhetoric and navigation because
"self-education means the highest type of
self-advancement."
James A. Farrell—president of the
world's largest organization, a corporation
employing three hundred thousand
workers and possessed of greater income,
resources and area than the average European
nation ; a company that pays over
three hundred million dollars a year in
salaries ; that has an enormous fleet of
over one hundred ships ; that has its own
railroad system and mines more coal than
any coal company in America, the United
States Steel Corporation—is also selfeducated.
At fifteen years of age he was a laborer
in a wire mill—but he was studying. His
hobby was geography and a knowledge of
other people. Today he has the largest
export organization in the world.
In the wire mill he worked twelve
hours a day at the hardest labor. But the
nights were his for study!
Let's look back fifty odd years to another
lad whose education was cut short
by circumstances. This lad at the age of
fourteen had to give up his dreams of a
college education to go to work in an insurance
office at three dollars a week. His
father was dead, his mother an invalid.
He worked long hours—it was the practice
to work long hours those days, not
eight hours a day and Saturday afternoons
off—to increase his salary to the
magnificent sum of fifty dollars a month.
Beyond that he could not go with the insurance
company.
So he entered a bank, and by studying
evenings and learning to do the work of
those above him, climbed to the enviable
position of head bookkeeper at one thousand
dollars a year.
But the young man was not satisfied
(It took years to work up to a thousanddollar
salary in those days, you remember.)
He spent his spare time in study.
And because he studied he learned of photography—and
of the troubles of the photographers
who struggled with the inefficient,
hit-or-miss, mussy, wet plates.
He paid a Rochester photographer five
dollars to teach him the art of photography.
The photographer taught the young
man all he knew of photography.
"Enough," said George Eastman, "so that
ouvATED WORLD 31
At Fifteen, Captain Robert Dollar Was a Penniless
Cook Boy in a Wilderness Lumber Camp, but He Had
a Wealth of Determination to Educate Himself
I realized we didn't know anything
about it."
So night after night, when his work
at the bank was done, young Eastman
studied and experimented. Like Edison
he was self-educated largely because he
blazed the trail. There were no textbooks
for his guidance, no interesting
correspondence courses to smooth the
path to knowledge.
Everyone knows what Eastman has
done for photography. "But few," says
George Eastman, "know what self-education
did for me."
But it is not hard to guess. It made
him, just as it has made thousands of successes
before him. It made Abraham
Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, James A.
Garfield and Alexander Hamilton.
A glance at American history, past or
in the making, will bring out one amazing
fact—that nine-tenths of the great successes
in America are self-educated in
that they never finished grammar school,
that they gained their broad knowledge
through spare-time study. Some of the
very few exceptions to this rule are
Washington, Roosevelt, Wilson, Alexander
Graham Bell and certain of our big
business leaders who were born to wealth.
Of the great men of this country more
than 30 per cent had less than three

32 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
James A. Farrell, President of the United States
Steel Corporation, When a Youngster Worked Twelve
Hours a Day as a Laborer in a Wire Mill. But the
Nights Were His for Study. He Used Them
years' actual schooling in all their lives.
Some of them never spent a day in a
school room.
Yet all of them are well educated!
Surely, then, we have sufficient reason
to know that the mere fact that we have
not been graduated from an accredited
college is not sufficient to doom us to
mediocrity all our lives. Any man with
a backbone can educate himself. Our
great patriots and many of our most
successful business men did it under conditions
infinitely harder than any which
we face. For education is always ours
for the asking. It is, in fact, begging us
for attention.
America wants its citizens to be the best
educated in all the world. Our colleges
are the best and the biggest. Our public
schools are unapproachable. And the
door of the night school is always open.
Besides all this we have the new form
of teaching—correspondence. This is a
form highly preferred by business men—
because it is the form of teaching that
permits the student to derive the benefits
of home study, of applying his learning
to his every-day problems, just as the
successes we have mentioned did, and because
it affords the mind that refuses to
be shackled by handicaps a most efficient
and thorough system of training.
Self-educated workers are preferred
because they have already proved themselves—proved
that they have the grit,
the backbone and the far-sightedness to
sacrifice little pleasures for the bigger
thing, for education. The man who educates
himself has proved himself—he has
advanced sufficient proof of his sincerity;
he has trained himself to meet handicaps
and to mount obstacles.
The fruits of self-education lie not only
in the learning secured but in the habits
formed, and in the strength of character
developed.
Why are self-educated men invariably
successes, and why are successes so often
self-educated men? Because their education
is tempered with experience ; because
they learn the facts and principles that
they can put to work.
And that is the greatest advantage of
self-education, of the extension or home
method of study. You do not spend four
years learning a profession or trade without
putting it to actual practice. You
apply what you learn as you go along.
Consequently you do not graduate with
book learning only and no practical experience,
to find that much you have learned
cannot be applied in your work.
And because you apply what you learn
as you learn it you realize early in your
study whether or not the course you are
following is training you for a work you
really want to pursue for the rest of your
life.
No matter how well equipped mentally
you may be for a certain kind of work if
you do not like it you cannot be a success
at it. That is why so much college education
is lost.
Some students now making excellent
scholarship records in law schools will
never be successes at the bar—will never
follow the profession they have studied
for. Why? Because they are mentally
and temperamentally totally unfit for that
work.
And the same holds true of any other
profession. The choice of a profession is
a serious step—and one that should be
taken only after a thorough knowledge of
that profession, its requirements and rewards
are fully understood.
(See announcement on page 156)

Einstein Theory on Trial
By ROBERT MORGAN
F ( )R five minutes and eighteen
seconds, while the sun
completely hides his face, a
little group of Californians, gathered
on a barren desert beach in
northwestern Australia, will
make the greatest scientific test
which has been made in this century,
a test on the results of
which will depend the whole idea
of the structure of the universe,
and on which will rest the validity
of the theory of relativity, as
collected from several "original
discoverers," and made public by
Einstein. The Californians, all
astronomers of high standing
from Lick Observatory of the
University of California on
Mount Hamilton, will journey
eight thousand miles or more by
sea, and back again, to stand on
Ninety-Mile Beach, two hundred
miles from any settlement, and
make this five-minute test. More
than two-thirds of the distance
around this globe will they travel,
to prove or to disprove—they
have no idea which—the statement
that light has weight, one
of the fundamental enunciations
of the theory of relativity.
The date on which these precious
three hundred and eighteen
seconds of midday darkness will
fall on Ninety-Mile Beach is September
21. One of the astronomers, Dr. R. J.
Trumpler, astronomer at Lick Observatory,
is now in Tahiti, having left San
Francisco March 31, making preliminary
stellar observations, records and photographs.
On September 1, Dr. W. W.
Campbell, director of Lick Observatory,
will leave San Francisco with two or
three other astronomers and their assistants
bound for Perth-Freemantle, the last
port-of-call for steamers, on the southwest
corner of the Antipodean continent.
There they will find Dr. Trumpler waiting
for them, and there also will they find
a ship of the Australian Navy, specially
detailed to carry them some fifteen hundred
miles farther to Ninety-Mile Beach,
Professor Albert Einstein, Whose Theory About "Relativity" Is
One of the Most Talked of Ideas in the World at the Present
Time
land them through the surf and wait the
making of the experiment to bring them
back. They wiU be absent from San
Francisco more than six weeks and they
will travel at an average rate of about
two hundred miles a day.
It is not too much to say that Ninety-
Mile Beach on September 21 will be the
center of the scientific world of this earth
—the magnetic pole of knowledge—
toward which the minds of all scientists
will be turned. Secondary interest
will attach to Christmas Island—if you
ever heard of it—on which a British astronomical
expedition will be making
the same tests, but no such results are
expected from this as from the American
expedition, because the climatic condi-
33

34 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Sun During an Eclipse, Showing Diagramatically the Effect of the Sun in Curving
Light Rays from Stars and Thus Seeming to Displace Their Position in the Sky. The
Closer the Star to the Sun the More This Displacement Seems to Be
tions are by no means so perfect on
Christmas Island as at Ninety-Mile
Beach.
We know—or science thinks it knows
—that any object which is released in
our atmosphere without support to sustain
it falls toward the earth at the rate
of sixteen feet the first second, fortyeight
feet the next second, eighty feet
the third second, and so on, increasing the
rate of its fall by thirty-two feet every
second it drops before striking the surface
of the globe. The Einstein theory
says that this law is just as true of a ray
of light as it is of the falling apple which
hit Sir Isaac Newton on the nose, the
baseball dropped from the Washington
Monument, the small boy out of the apple
tree, or, in closer comparison, the bullet
fired from a high-powered rifle. If we
could measure the drop in a ray of light
for its first second of travel, says the
theory of relativity, we should find that
it had fallen toward this earth exactly
sixteen feet, but, so far, we have found
it difficult to confirm or to refute this
statement, since, in that first second, the
ray of light travels one hundred and
eighty-six thousand miles, more than
seven times around this earth, or twothirds
of the distance from this earth to
the moon. No
one seems to
have had imagination
enough
to consider
measuring the
fall in a ray of
light during
the second and
third seconds
of its travels.
We know,
too, that the attraction
which
bodies have for
each other.
that is, the
earth for the
apple, and the
apple for the
earth, depends
upon their respective
mass.
That is to say,
on the moon,
the mass of
which is about one-sixth that of the earth,
the distance an object falls in the first
second of its drop would be one-sixth of
sixteen feet, or about two feet eight
inches; three feet the next second, and
so on. The man, for example, who
"weighs" one hundred and fifty pounds
on our earth, would weigh only twentyfive
pounds on the moon—weight being
merely a measure of gravity. An athlete
who could clear the bar in the high jump
at five feet here with us, would have as
little trouble in clearing it at thirty feet
above the surface of the moon, and he
would be shaken up just as much when
he landed from his thirty-foot jump there
as he is when he lands from his five-foot
jump here. But, having looked at the
moon, consider the sun for a minute. The
mass of the sun, approximately, is twenty-seven
times that our earth. An object
which falls sixteen feet the first second
here, would fall four hundred and thirtytwo
feet in the same time there, with proportionate
increase for every second of
its drop, provided any object could be
raised so far from the surface of the sun.
The man who weighed one hundred and
fifty pounds on Mother Earth, would
weigh about four thousand pounds on
Father Sun, and could not stand erect.

Considering these facts—or so far believed
to be facts—the theory of relativity
says that all rays of light coming
from stars beyond the sun, are deflected
from their straight course toward the
earth, and bent inward toward the sun
by the powerful attraction of its tremendous
mass. If this be true, it is 99.9
per cent probable that the theory of relativily
is correct, and that earthly scientists
will have to reconstruct entirely
their idea of the structure of the universe,
because, if it be true, we have
never known the correct position of any
of the heavenly bodies, or their relations
to each other or to us. At least, there is
no such record known.
But, blinded by the light of the sun,
it is not possible, under ordinary conditions,
to see the light from the stars
beyond the sun, while the sun is in front
of them. That is the reason—or the
main reason—that astronomical observations
are made at night. Consequently,
all our ideas of the positions and relations
of the stellar luminaries, both stars and
planets, have been established, and are
maintained without reference to the tremendous
influence exerted on them by
the sun. The mysteriously accelerated
and varying speeds of Mercury in its
eighty-eight-day journey around the sun
is an example of this condition, and the
discoveries made in September at Ninety-
Mile Beach may reveal the real reason
for Mercury's erratic mode of
travel.
On September 21, however,
there will be a total eclipse of the
sun visible on a path starting in
Abyssinia, on the eastern coast
of Africa, and extending eastward
across the Maldive Islands,
over Christmas Island, across
Australia, and ending in New
Zealand. There has not been a
rain, a fog, or a cloud blanket
over Ninety-Mile Beach in any
September in twenty years; it
has the clearest, cleanest, most
lonesome atmosphere in the
known world. Therefore, it is
virtually certain that, while the
sun's face is dark for five minutes on
September 21, the light from the stars
beyond the sun will be visible to the photographic
plate, exposed through a pow­
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 35
erful telescope, at that particular spot on
the northwestern shore of the Great
Sandy Desert in Australia. And the astronomers
of California will be there to
compel their sensitized plates to tell them
just how and where the light rays from
these stars pass the sun.
Prior to this, however, Dr. Trumpler,
alone on a hilltop in Tahiti, at the same
latitude as Ninety-Mile Beach, and
with the same telescope and stellar
cameras, is photographing by night these
stars and groups of stars in front of
which the sun will be moving when it
enters the path of total eclipse. Comparison
through minute microscopic examination
of the plates made by Dr.
Trumpler and those made later at
Ninety-Mile Beach by Dr. Campbell and
Dr. Trumpler, will tell, astronomers hope
and believe, whether the stars are where
we believe them to be in the heavens, or
whether their rays have falsified to us
all these years regarding their positions,
due to the attraction of the sun.
If these stars behind the sun, on September
21, are found to be in the same
positions that they are when only the
moon is in the heavens, the theory of
relativity will be definitely discarded by
scientists. If their positions are found
to be different—if they appear to be
repelled by the sun, showing that their
light rays are bent toivard the sun, as
Einstein and his predecessors have
Photogra phs of the Sun Are Taken With a Photoheliograph, an
Instrume nt Which Uses a Mirror to Reflect Light Rays into a
Powerful Telescope With a Camera Attached
claimed—then smash go our conceptions
of a universe of flowers and gold and
singing birds and stinging bees, of which
the poets have written for centuries, and

36
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Map Showing the Path of the Eclipse. The Cross Marks Ninety-Mile Beach on the Coast of Australia,
Where the Tests Are to Be Held
we shall have to reconstruct our ideas of
the cosmogeny of space and worlds without
and according to a fixed rule and
line, which, incidentally, takes count of
time, rather than eternity, and of the
beginning as well as the ending of all
things.
Some months ago, when Dr. Campbell,
dean of the astronomers on the Pacific
Coast—the man who has devised the
nearest approach to a calendar for a milion
or a billion years—first took up the
idea of an expedition to this barren Australian
beach to put relativity to the test,
he communicated with several astronomers
in the South Sea continent. They,
in turn, communicated with the Australian
government, and the latter, realizing
the tremendous importance of the
experiment, and the rare opportunity offered
for it, immediately placed a ship
from its navy at the orders of the expedition.
One of the little non-scientific
jokes of the expedition is that a party
of Hritish astronomers, bent on the same
observations and experiments, gave up
tbe idea of going to Ninety-Mile Beach,
"because of its utter inaccessibility," and
have gone or are going to Christmas
Island, instead. A little thing like utter
inaccessibility was merely relative to Dr.
Campbell and the American astronomers,
and they will be at Xinety-Mile Beach
ready to hold the mirror of the telescope
up to nature when Old Sol takes on the
shadow of the earth for five minutes.
Scientific Sport With Kittens
A T a recent meeting of a scientific
society a naturalist and investigator
described his experiments on comparative
psychology, in which kittens,
dogs, chickens and monkeys played a
part. One object was to ascertain in
what manner and how rapidly animals
learn tricks.
A box was provided with a door that
could be opened from the inside by means
of a latch, or by pulling a cord, or turning
a button. Kittens were placed inside
the box, and a toothsome fish outside.
The time taken to get out gradually became
shorter, but the investigator said
the trick was always learned bv accident.
()ne lucky hit would prepare the way for
another.
He could see no trace of rational inference
on the animal's part. It was not
possible to teach the trick by taking the
kitten's paw and pushing the latch, and
the seeing another animal do the trick a
hundred times was no help to the one
that had not already learned it.

Washington Monument and Its Surroundings as It Will Be When the Beautifying Program Is Completed
Washington—Our Capital Incomparable
A MERICANS
who have visitedWashington
from time to
time during the past
twenty years have
noted many changes
in the national capital.
Criticisms made
by those who have
also seen London,
Brussels, The
Hague, Paris, Berne,
and other European
capitals are increasingly
favorable to
Washington. Eyesores
have disappeared
and in their
places have arisen
public buildings as magnificent as any in
the world. Shade trees have multiplied
until even in the heat of summer it is a
delight to stroll along the avenues. Every
little way a park interposes its pebbled
paths and beds of flowers, coaxing the
troubled brain away from problems of the
high cost of living or the tyranny of the
time table and sending the visitor on his
way again with a smile and a compelling
By ARMSTRONG PERRY
Looking Down the Walk Through the Palms in the
Beautiful Botanical Garden With the Capitol Dome
in the Background
"Come again!"
From the top of
the Washington
monument, or from
a more lofty point of
vantage in one of the
airplanes that skim
the sky above the
city, these beauty
spots are enhanced
in loveliness as tbey
appear like jewels,
each perfect in itself,
joined in an exquisite
design.
Washington is the
center not only of the
national government,
but also of those activities
to which we
mistakenly apply a narrowed interpretation
of the great word politics. With this
consideration, we wonder how the capital
has managed to develop according to
comprehensive and well-balanced plans
instead of exhibiting the crudities and
anomalies that characterize municipal
movements in which the main consideration
is—Who shall get the contract?
The answer is found partly in the fact
37

38 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
An Already Completed Beauty Spot. The New Lincoln Memorial
as It Appears from the Top of the Washington Monument
that George Washington planned the city
before it was built, and that he had as
his adviser Thomas Jefferson and as his
architect L'Enfant, whose epitaph on his
monument in Arlington National Cemetery
is a bronze reproduction of his original
plan. But many a noble conception
has perished in less time than has elapsed
since the death of the Father of His
Country and his architect. How did this
survive ?
From 1792, when L'Enfant's plan was
submitted, until 1901 when Senator
James McMillan reported to the Senate
from the Committee on the District of
Columbia an enlargement and extension
of it adapted to the new conditions created
by the growth and development of
the nation and its capital, the general
scheme was not greatly disturbed. Inconsiderate
legislators and aggressive
commercialists had, however, smeared
upon it some unsightly blotches. The
unofficial part of the city had stubbornly
insisted on growing north-westerly from
the Capitol instead of on the side of the
impressive main entrance. The Botan­
ical Garden, which was a blemish
only in the sense that it did not
belong where it was located, had
placed an enclosure surrounded
by a high iron fence right across
the space that was intended to
afford easy access to the Mall
from the grounds of the Capitol
Worse still, Congress had permitted
a railroad company to
build tracks across the Mall. To
busy congressmen the matter of
catching a train was of great importance
while the L'Enfant plan
was only a musty record. Many
of them failed to grasp, if indeed
they even considered, the significance
of the location and connections
of the two dominant
features of the city, one the
Capitol which is the seat of the
legislative branch of the'government,
and the other the White
House, which is the seat of the
executive branch. The avenues
that radiate from these centers
and especially Pennsylvania Avenue,
which is the great traffic
thoroughfare connecting them.
were evidently better understood
than the park connection through tbe
Mall, which had been cut into pieces.
Even the idea that there was a connection
between the pieces seemed to have
been lost.
One day there appeared in the rotunda
of the Capitol a plaster of Paris model
of Washington as it was about 1901, and
another of the Washington of the future
as it would appear if developed according
to the McMillan plan. Around these
there gathered each day groups of tourists.
Some of them merely amused
themselves by trying to find among the
tiny buildings, each of which was a faithful
reproduction of the original, the
hotels at which they were staying or the
public buildings they had visited. The
beauty of the ideal city, nevertheless,
made an impression. Congressmen who
took constituents to see the models consciously
or unconsciously developed their
own desires to see the capital achieve its
fullest possibilities.
No appropriation had been asked for
or suggested, therefore the models were
free from the suspicion of selfish propa-

ganda. No urgency was displayed. The
promoters of the plan were only solicitous
that as public buildings were
added and public works developed they
should fit a plan having the dignity
worthy of the nation's official head
quarters. Daniel H. Burnham and
Charles F. McKim were the architects,
Augustus St. Gaudens the sculptor, and
Frederick Law Olmstead the landscape
gardener who developed the L'Enfant
plan. The first three, and the distinguished
father of the fourth, had produced
at the Chicago World's Fair in
1893 results which had stimulated civic
art throughout the United States. The
competence of this quartet of city plan­
." 1 (Ma m '. • . •; -
ners could not be seriously questioned,
but self-appointed critics contested every
decision rendered as to the location of a
new public building, park, or monument.
To prevent misunderstandings, allay
antagonisms, and ensure the continuity
of the Capital's development, Congress
created the Commission of Fine Arts in
1910. It was composed of experts to
whom questions could be referred by
Congress and the executive departments
as they arose. Progress then became
more rapid.
Mr. Burnham, the first chairman, in
1901, had arranged with President Cassatt
of the Pennsylvania Railroad for the
removal of the tracks from the Mall and
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 59
1 .__r.:
a : m~
est ban .
!H
-
Y
Y
W
%
the erection of the Union Station. Railroad
stations, it will be remembered, used
to be about as sightly as the manure piles
at the entrances to French homesteads.
The new Washington station, with its
impressive plaza, gave to the country a
new conception of a gateway to a city.
The office buildings for the Senate and
the House of Representatives were
added to the Capitol group in the positions
indicated on the plan of 1901. The
Botanical Garden fence came down in
1922, a quarter of a century after the
House passed a bill for its removal. The
Mall was developed by the planting of
trees and the laying out of roadways.
The New National Museum with the
'i_.ti._r.3i'"'
ilfci - :
lill
'•'•_; .
. J-.h
• m •
_yJ_] j
sOfiaX
:
XX J
jj m;
\£J2.,°-
The Beautifying Program Will Build New Spots of Wonder and Help to Make More Pleasing to the Eye
the Old Buildings That Are Already Built
Roosevelt collections, thousands of mementoes
of the World War, and other
important exhibits stands on the north
side, and the Freer Gallery, the largest
gift ever made by an individual to the
Government, on the south side. The
argument over the location of the Department
of Agriculture building nearly
wrecked the plan of 1901, but the plan
survived and the ideal development of
the Mall was ensured.
The Lincoln Memorial, recently dedicated,
not only adds a magnificent shrine
but also restores the axial relations on
which the Mall composition depended for
its effect. The Washington monument
|
{Continucd'oii pace 137)

Do You Remember the Old Swimin'
Hole? Well, This Isn't It. This Is
a Crowd of Happy City Boys in the
Little River That Flows Through
Bronx Park in New York City
Willie Smith's Job Is Painting
Inaccessable Places. Here He Is
Painting the Flag Pole Protruding
from the Nineteenth Floor of a High
New York Skyscraper
40
Betty Compson,
Movie Queen,
Looks as Though
She Had This
Dress Painted on.
But It Is a Tight
Fitting Lace Dress
The "Auto - aviron"
Great, Not Only for Developing
Rowing Men, but Also for a Means o*
Locomotion
I • "•*
i J___J_________x£~ 1 l
X
(
•^^_r*
^^^"^
m" !_*£ V*
Golf Bags
With This
S e parati ng
Metal Plate at
the Top Make
It Easier for
the Golfer t o
Pick Out the
Desired Club
and Prevent
Shafts from
Being Damaged
"3

Bottom Falls Out of a Wheat Field
W E have often heard of the bottom
falling out of the wheat market,
but instances where the bottom
falls out of a wheat field are comparatively
rare. This is exactly what happened
recentlv on a farm near Bland,
Missouri. At noon one day the owner
of the farm stopped the tractor
with which lie had been plowing,
climbed the fence of that
field into a field of growing
wheat and followed his usual
path through the wheat home
to dinner.
It was one o'clock when he
started back to the tractor, and
as he retraced his steps across
the wheat field, and neared the
lower end, he found an amazing
thing. Directly in front of
him, the ground he had walked
upon but an hour before was
gone. In its place was a great
chasm. The hole was almost
round in shape, and so deep that he
could only see the bottom by stepping to
the very edge and looking down. Even
then, all that he saw was a dark opening
where the bottom should have been. Beyond
the opening, impenetrable darkness.
The steeply sloping sides were not littered
with uprooted wheat nor any other
debris, nor were they jagged in appearace.
It was almost as though a gigantic
paring knife had been at work, in the
hands of an expert.
The measurements, not estimates,
Showing the Perpendicular Character of the Walls of the Cave-in
which were made that day and later in
the week showed the hole to be seventy
feet in diameter, while the distance from
the surface of the ground to the water
which soon appeared at the bottom of
the hole was one hundred and twelve
feet, and the water itself had an addi-
Mouth of the Caved-in Wheat Field Showing the Wheat Growing
Around It
tional depth of one hundred and fourteen
feet. Within a few days the level of the
water rose another ten feet.
Since this phenomenon occurred several
weeks ago additional segments of earth
have dropped out of sight, mostly from
the lower portions of the sides, which at
the present time are straight up-anddown
in places and are rapidly approaching
that condition elsewhere. The bottom
is about three times larger now than
it was on the first day, and it is all water,
too, although a few ledges of rock on
one side offer a precarious foothold
for anybody who might be
so unfortunate as to tumble in.
According to several hazardous
young men of the district who
have descended on rope ladders
to the bottom of the pit, the
water and air down there are
both very cold. There is no
apparent entrance or exit for
the water around the edges of
the hole, and the whole thing
is puzzling not only to residents
of the neighborhood hut
to scientists from all parts of
the country who have visited
the scene.
41

Canada's Reindeer Ranch
By A L L A N B. O S B O R N E
S I X hundred and thirty reindeer from
Norway, accompanied by Lapland
herders, their families, skiis, and
other paraphernalia common to their
mode of life, recently arrived in Baffin
Island, on the Arctic coast, and are now
safely established on a large part of this
area which was leased last year from the
Dominion of Canada by the Hudson's
Bay Reindeer Company, one of the big
game-breeding institutions of the continent.
From this foundation it is confidently
hoped to build up an expansive and valu-
value because few knew anything about
the country. His importunities finally
induced the Canadian Government to appoint
a commission to investigate the
facts, the favorable finding of which resulted
in the islands of the Southampton,
Mansel and Goat, situated in the Northwest
Territories, favorably located, with
suitable climate and an abundance of
food, being set apart for muskoxen and
reindeer to graze upon.
Following the recognition of his claims,
Stefannson set about the organizing of a
company to launch a ranching project,
Herd of Reindeer on the Tundras of the Northland. The Time May Come When Reindeer Meat Is a
Large Factor in the Markets of the World
able industry for Canada. The company
sets out on its operations under the most
favorable auspices. It has the best scientific
knowledge of the Northland at its
command and has taken the initial steps
in a most capable manner and one auguring
the greatest measure of success in
the carrying out of the scheme.
The famous Canadian explorer, Vilhjamur
Stefannson, is a director of the
new company which he was instrumental
in organizing, and he probably possesses
a greater first-hand knowledge of the
northland areas of Canada than any
other living man. He pleaded for years
for the utilization of the vast verdureclad
tundras of this hinterland, a region
which few believed had any economic
42
and failing to secure necessary financial
support in Canada, went overseas where
the capital was forthcoming. When the
necessary money was obtained, a lease
of the southern half of Baffin Island was
secured from Canada, free for fifteen
years, after which there is to be an annual
rental of $11,390.
Upon the success of the first Canadian
ranching enterprise undoubtedly rests the
establishment of a Canadian industry of
practically illimitable possibilities. In
the vast, barely explored regions of
Northern Canada, it is claimed that literally
millions of caribou, enormous herds
of reindeer and scattered bands of muskoxen
range unmolested and, under
present conditions, unproductive of any

evenue whatsoever. But this state of
affairs is gradually being overcome.
Contrary to popular belief, this is not
a bleak, barren territory, for the main
part snowbound and ice clad, but it is
covered with a thick, heavy vegetation
which provides an adequate supply
of nutritive food both in
summer and winter. It has been
estimated that the open range of
this territory comprises an area
of at least 1,000,000 square miles,
sufficient to graze 50,000,000
reindeer upon.
The fact that the project is
concerned with the domestication
of animals indigenous to the region,
which thrive and multiply
in their wild state in a manner
truly remarkable, is the best augury for
the success of the enterprise. The idea
is by no means novel, for the grazing
steppes of Siberia and Lapland have long
been utilized for the purpose of raising
reindeer. The United States Government
paved the way for Canada some
years ago, when it established huge reindeer
ranches in Alaska, where 2,000 animals
were introduced, which have since
increased to 40,000, and constitute a
handsome source of revenue. The
Alaskan enterprise constitutes a countrywide
propagation of the animals, whereas,
this new project includes a strictly ranching
business, just as beef steers are raised
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 43
on a restricted area. The project is being
watched with considerable interest.
Laplanders, as far back as their history
can be traced, lived on the native rein-
Herds of Muskoxen Roaming the Northland Can Also Be Turned
Into Profit
If the Alaskan Herds Are a Good Example, the Six Hundred Head of the
Hudson's Bay Reindeer Company Will Be Several Thousand in a Few Years
deer. These animals have furnished them
with meat and milk, skins and clothing,
with the means of transportation and the
material for barter and exchange—in
fact with all the needs of their nomadic
life.
For ages past these people have been
domesticating wild deer and raising
herds of trained animals. With the penetration
of civilization and its destructive
forces, the Laplanders saw their means
of support and existence threatened.
Realizing the danger in time, they built
up their domesticated herds and firmly
established their one and only industry.
They have reindeer in plenty for
their own needs and
export, furnishing
many of the Scandinavian
and Russian
cities with reindeer
meat which commands
a price about
equal to the price of
beef.
Canada, in estab-
1 i s h i n g the first
strictly reindeer
ranch in America.
has any amount of
precedent to follow
in her initial venture
in reindeer ranching,
and every augury for
success.
The time will come
when reindeer meat
will be everywhere.

Russia's Biggest Industrial Asset Is the Exceedingly
Rich and Valuable Baku Oil Region, the Finest Oil
Field in Europe. Russia Is Anxious for Foreign
Capital to Develop It. Photo Shows the Primitive
Way It Is Now Operated
(C) UN--1W00O * UNDERWOOD
44
A New Doll That Talks, Walks and Cries Very
Naturally. It Is Now on the Market and Will Put
Joy into Many Young Hearts
* The Marines Show the Gathered Populace How Modern Warfare Would
Have Looked in the Civil War. They Used the Ground Where the Battle of
Gettysburg Was Fought and Re-enacted the Famous Pickett Charge. On the
Left Is a Huge Balloon Which Was Exploded and Set on Fire by the
Marines' Incendiary Bullets

U X C L E SAM is undertaking a huge
task of finger printing, believed to
be. next to the finger printing of
India's swarming millions, the biggest
single job of the kind yet attempted.
Over three hundred and twenty thousand
employes of the Post-office Department
are to have their finger tip portraits
taken and ultimately the system, it is
rumored, is to be extended and will include
over half a million civil service
workers.
Alarmed by the large number of mail
robberies which led to a call upon
the marines for protection and which
threatened serious disturbance of the government
postal service, Uncle Sam has
determined to try out finger print identification
as a method of battling the
criminals. Investigations have pretty conclusively
shown that in some cases mail
robberies were planned with the connivance
of criminals within the postal system.
To safeguard the mails against fur
ther similar occurrences, to search out
characters in Uncle Sam's employment
with a police record, and to start a
permanent system that will automatically
serve as a certain identification, the piesent
task has been put under way.
Unusually high as the morale of the
postal employes has been, the disorganization
that the great war brought upon
all industry and activity of whatever sort
struck the Post Office too. With the
difficult tests that safeguarded the caliber
of the men entering the service relaxed
to meet the scarcity of applicants during
the war, shady elements it is feared, got
their opportunity to bore into the postal
organization and it is thought that perhaps
all of them have not yet been eliminated
but that finger prints will weed
them out as well as provide a means of
detecting criminals after the commission
of crime.
The detective part of the service, however,
is only one feature. The real im-
Finger Printing One of the Letter Carriers. Over
320,000 Employes of the Post Office Department Are
to Have Their Finger Prints Taken
portance of this service is to be its use
of the scientifically accurate finger prints
as a means of permanent record and
identification. This sole signature that
cannot be forged or disguised will become
the permanent mark of the postal
employes. It will serve as a means of
identification more accurate than any
other devised. The Post Office file will
not be merely a finger print rogues' gallery,
which has been the role such files
have largely played until recentlv. but it
will serve as the certain means of identification
of all employes in numerous
other ways.
When the news first came out that in
time all the postal employes were to be
finger printed it was thought that this
was the largest number of a single institution
to be so recorded and it does happen
to be the largest in this country, it
we except, of course, the records of the
4 5

4M ILLUSTRATED WORLD
i**ij
Nol lo Be Filled in by Applicant Until Requested
FINGER PRINTS
One of Uncle Sam's Finger Print Sheets Showing the Impressions Required
associated police systems which probably
contain a bigger number of prints but the
police of the United States can hardly be
regarded as one organization. Moreover,
they have been' finger printing for over a
score of years, while the Post Office department
is making this handsome show
as a beginning.
In India the records number four hundred
and eighty million prints, the whole
population having been subjected to the
making of this monumental record wdiich
is truly the most remarkable file of identications
in the world. It has so vastly
simplified and perfected the statistical
records of the country that the British
government has begun to finger print the
populations of all its other dependencies.
In Africa and in its other Asiatic concessions
it has begun the tremendous task
of cataloguing its multiple millions of
distant subjects and has made it a feature
of its colonial administration policy. It
is harder to do it at home because the
conservative English citizen will not
stand for it. France and Belgium are
said to be preparing to institute it not
only in their foreign possessions but in
their domestic administration as well.
while Germany has already begun it.
Other countries probably will follow suit.
From the office of the Postmaster General
himself down to the humblest weekend
assistant the work, it is said, will go
on in the LJnited States, the procedure
now being part of the regular form of
admission of new employes into the Post
Office system. No definite plans have
been made as yet, but it is presumed that
they will follow this scheme.
The original finger prints of evenpostal
employe, wherever taken, are to
be sent to Washington where they will
be filed in a central bureau organized for
this purpose. Photographs will then be
made and sent for filing in the local records
of the station to which the person
is attached.
Employes of the steamer mail and railway
mail clerks will have their prints and
photographs kept directly at Washington.
Each time a clerk is transferred his
fingerprint record will precede him to his
new post. It is to be as much a part

of his record as his original application.
When a clerk leaves the government
employ he will not be
given his prints, as they are to
become a permanent record of
the department, part of the dead
file wdiich, as has been proved
again and again, can come startlingly
to life on occasion.
How does it feel to be finger
printed ? Several postmen who
were questioned didn't see any
harm and thought that it would
be rather a good thing. To
those to whom it was in any way
objectionable, custom, they thought,
would soon make it acceptable. After
a while when it was no longer a novelty
it would be taken as a matter of course
in entering a new job, a piece of routine
like a signature.
Mr. J. A. Boyle, the finger print expert,
one of the men under whose direction
the fifteen thousand employes of the
Post Office in New York City are having
their finger tips immortalized, is working
hard as the smiling employes go through
the startling sensation of getting "mugged"'
via th.e finger ends.
The whole operation only lasts about
five minutes. In the police departments
of big cities and in the investigations of
physiologists interested in applications of
this wonderful system of identification in
other fields than criminology, Mr. Boyle
has acquired his remarkable expertness
in making fingers paint their own
pictures. His tools are not very formidable.
A rectangular piece of plate glass
is what the generals would call the base
of operations. A liberal supply of what
looks like ordinary printer's ink, but is
really a special preparation is squeezed
out of a tube upon the glass. With a
roller such as the hand-press operator
uses to spread the ink on a block of type
to run off proof sheets, the ink is carefully
smoothed over the surface of the
glass plate.
In the Post Office record thirteen impressions
are taken, one each of all the
ten fingers, one each of the four fingers
without the thumb of each hand, and one
of the two thumbs together. The first
ten impressions are what are called the
rolled prints and are more accurate than
_i_i_uoi-vATED WORLD 17
The Complete Outfit of an Official Finger Print Expert
the other three. The finger to be printed
is very firmly rolled over the ink on the
plate; Mr. Boyle's firmness in this respect
is almost painful. Then the finger starting
from one side to the other is with
no gentle pressure rolled over its allotted
square of the paper. The tips of the
fingers from about half an inch below
the first joint are printed.
After the thing is over, Mr. Boyle
takes out his little magnifying glass and
gives the prints the once over. In severe
terms he will say: "Hm, Racial Loops,"
or perhaps, "Serrated Arches," or
"Whorls," or "Composites," and the victim
will tremble, fearing that the mysterious
little telltale signature has revealed
something that he did not know about
himself, until Mr. Boyle will explain
that that is just a classification, meaning
no more than a description of the ordinary
height, weight, color of the hair or
eyes of a man.
In this respect a remarkable system of
recording has been perfected within
recent years by which a catalogued finger
print can be found as easily as a book in
a fairly well-kept library. Under the
classifications just mentioned and in certain
sub-classifications the records are
kept in such a way that a finger print can
be recognized and made to reveal its information
in an incredibly short space of
time. If the finger printing of the postal
employes works out as expected, government
authorities are asking themselves
wdiat it will lead to. It has been stated
recently that the census of the future
may be taken this way. The nation will
thus possess unmistakable, tamper-proof
records of all its citizens.

48
"Blow Ball" Is an Exciting Game. The Idea Is to Race
Any Given Distance in the Water and Blow the Ball
All the Way
An "A c t i ongraph"
of
Frankie Frish.
Giant Star, in
a Great Dive
for a S t o 1 e n
Base
Morning Exercise,
Especially
by the Women,
and on Hotel
Roofs, Is Now
Being Done
With This
Neat Looking
"Boomerang"
London's Latest Hit Is Miss Margaret Bannerman, Who,
Dream, Does a Remarkable
a Pretty Cigarette
Egyptian Dance

Adding to the Country's Wheat Supply
T H E latest government report, issued
in June, indicated that the United
States wheat crop for 1922 will approximate
eight hundred and fifty million
bushels, which will be entirely adequate
for the needs of this country with a large
By Raking Along the Shock Rows After the Wheat
Had Gone to the Machine, a Test Showed a Saving
of About Six Bushels an Acre. Circle—Well Shocked
Fields Add Materially to Efficient Threshing
By ROBERT H. M O U L T O N
surplus available for export. Notwithstanding
this bounteous crop there will
be no wheat to throw away, for it is not
yet known how the crops of other exporting
countries will turn out. Should
disaster overtake the wheat crops of
Argentine or Australia, for instance.
there might be such extra demands upon
the crop of the United States as to create
a real shortage.
Wheat is now selling well over a dollar
a bushel and the American farmer, hard
pressed as he has been for money during
the last two years, is in no position to
waste any of his wheat. It conies as a distinct
surprise and shock, therefore, to learn
that, up to a year ago, he was literally
throwing away something like twentyfive
million bushels of wheat each year
simply because he failed to exercise careful
methods in threshing the grain.
Last year, as the result of a campaign
for more efficient threshing methods inaugurated
by the government, twentyfive
million bushels of wheat were saved
in the principal wheat-growing states,
Kansas heading the list with about ten
million bushels. The wheat thus save f 1
was worth, at last season's price, nearly
thirty million dollars.
As a matter of fact, the saving of
twenty-five million bushels of wheat
meant not merely thirty million dollars
on the farm for buying automobiles,
farm implements, better houses, reading
matter and education, but five million
more barrels of flour for the consuming
world. Nor are the estimates—twentyfive
million bushels, five million barrels
and thirty million dollars wild guesses
where the wish is father to the thought. If
the amount saved is correctly estimated,
we know the dollar estimate is right. The
4'i

50
quantity estimated was based upon actual
tests, which for the machines actually
tested were as accurate as counting
grains. This is the way it worked:
It is threshing day. The machine is
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Threshing Crew Stops to Hear the Gospel of Better
The Time Is Well Spent
set. The neighbors are in to help. The
best dinner that skill and competitive
spirit can plan is being prepared. The
whistle blows. The fanner is hovering
near the grain spout to see the big, fat
kernels that spell profit. The hum-humhum
starts and this music is sweeter to
wheat acres than any other music. The
dust and the straw begin to "register"
determination when a big blanket about
18 by 24 feet is laid over at one side and
the stacker is lowered so as to spout its
burden of straw and dust upon this
blanket.
No one has time to watch the blanket
but the "government experts," who have
a "bug" about waste and have been
preaching "mobilize threshermen to save
wheat," holding county institutes, antl
distributing circulars of caution. Who
cares for wheat when wheat is pouring
out by the bushel ? Everybody sticks to
his job, scarcely noticing that the stacker
spout has been swung back from the
foreign blanket to the straw pile.
The machine stops suddenly. The experts
report that after carefully getting
all the wheat off the blanket and screening
it they gathered eleven pints while
the machine was delivering two and a
half bushels, or eighty pints. Nearly one
pint in seven going out with the straw
and dust! Nearly one bushel in seven
lost after all the trouble of raising it!
Nearly one barrel of flour in seven never
ground though a world is crying for
bread! Two hundred and forty-one dollars
wasted in one day on one
farm by the bad mastication
of one threshing machine!
Well, it isn't necessary to
argue. The machine doesn't
start again until the teeth are
tightened and tbe sieves adjusted
or repaired. The
feeders then shove ihe bundles
in side by side—the
right way—instead of cramming
them in belter skelter.
Again the blanket. Again
the stacker pours its straw
and dust until two and a half
bushels have come out of
the right place. Again the
Threshing.
blanket's contents are
screened and sieved and its
wheat measured. Less than
one pint instead of eleven! Keep it up
all day for three hundred and seventyfive
times two and one-half bushels, or
until the nine hundred and thirty-eight
bushels of a full day's threshing, and
you have ten pints multiplied by three
hundred and seventy-five, which equals
three thousand seven hundred and fifty
pints, or one hundred and seventeen
bushels saved in one day. And one bun-
Careful Pitching to the Threshing Machine Saves an
Appreciable Amount of Grain
dred and seventeen bushels worth one
dollar, the price at the farm, means one
hundred and seventeen dollars saved.
Of course not all tests show such huge
waste. But in one hundred and fifty-six
first tests in North Dakota fourteen

showed from two to four per cent waste.
This was cut down until the average
saving a day for each machine was about
eleven bushels. The largest loss of
thirty-six bushels to the machine was
reduced to nine bushels out of nine hundred
and thirty-eight a day on one machine.
In South Dakota the average
saving per day per machine was thirteen
bushels, and one machine stopped wast­
ILLUSTRATED WORLD .SI
up and raking behind the wagons, tightening
bolts and repairing sieves, they can
save wheat by the million bushels, it
should be easy for our wheat growers to
remember this lesson. One county officer
wrote that he considered the teaching
done by this thresherman's thrift school
more important than the saving. All the
wheat saved by this teaching cost Uncle
Sam only seventy-two thousand dollars.
"Cleaning Up" on This 160-Acre Farm Showed a General Saving of Five Bushels to Every Hundred
Threshed, or Over $150 Worth of Wheat on the Farm
ing fifty-six dollars. In Montana the "Mobilize threshermen to save wheat,"
average saving was fifteen bushels, and was the slogan of the educational cam­
one machine stopped wasting forty-one paign. It began several months before
dollars a day.
harvest. One thousand county commit­
From raking along the shock rows tees were organized in thirty-two wheat
after the wheat had gone to the machine States. County headquarters were opened
a test in Wisconsin showed a saving of and kept accessible at all times to farmers
twelve bushels, or over twelve dollars and threshermen. Owners of threshing
per acre. By providing a canvas under machines were located and their help
the feeder and giving a thorough clean­ used in discovering what machines
ing up afterward, a general saving of needed repairs and where threshing out­
about four bushels to every one hundred fits, expert help, coal or machine parts
threshed was made, Nebraska reporting were lacking. County institutes or state
five bushels to one hundred bushels. For meetings were held. Twelve hundred
an Oklahoma county, one hundred and threshermen gathered for an institute at
forty-four farms showed a saving of five Aberdeen, South Dakota, and eight
hundred and seventy-three bushels in thousand five hundred of Iowa's thresh­
clean-ups alone.
ermen attended county schools. Only
In threshing two thousand acres, one elementary lessons like these were
farm in North Dakota reports a saving taught:
of seven hundred bushels by the use of "Avoid threshing when the grain is
tight-bottom bundle wagons.
tough, damp, or unripe. Don't allow the
The beauty of this colossal saving is grain to leak on the ground and under
that the motive for continuing it does the thresher. Tighten the bolts. Adjust
not depend upon war. Once having the teeth. Keep the cylinders up to speed
learned that by taking simple steps like and properly adjust to the blower."
filling up cracks in wagons, putting can­ A competent separator man will keep
vas sheets under the machines, picking
{Continuedon page 1-14)

52
Wonder Spots in Beautiful Switzerland

The More Ridiculous the Costume of the Clown the Surer He gets a Laugh
WHY DO YOU LAUGH?
After Seeing an Audience Go Hysterical Over an Antiquated Piece of Slapstick
Comedy Some Sober People Sometimes Ask Themselves This
Question. Here Is What Al Miaco, Famous Seventy-Seven-Year-
Old Clown, Who Has Made Millions Laugh, and George Hartzell,
Another Old Timer, Have to Say About This Interesting
Subject
By JAMES ANDERSON
"T AUGH and the world laughs with
X you.
\\ eep and you weep alone."
There is a world of truth packed up
in these two meaningful lines of lyric
poetry, a truth that the brave Pollyannas
of life know when they grit their teeth in
the face of pain and misfortune because
they know that happiness and gloom are
both contagious and they'd rather have
an epidemic of the former than of the
latter.
But that is the common everyday kind
of laughter, and it's worth all the other
kinds about eight hundred and forty-six
times over—get the parlor mathematician
to figure it out—but no one thinks of it
that way. When hearty honest-to-goodness
laughs are discussed one thinks of
the darn fool antics of the circus clowns
—thev somehow always come first, de­
spite the efforts of Charlie Chaplin,
Harold Lloyd, Ed Wynn and all of the
other fun makers to amuse.
Now. about laughter—what is it?
What is it that makes us laugh? Why
do we twist our eyes and mouth, wrinkle
all the way up from the jaws to way
behind the ears and explode our faces
and tear off the merry ha-ha ?
Those who are interested can go to the
library and see what science has to say
about it. Henri Bergson, the French
philosopher wrote a whole fat tome about
it; Max Eastman, the New York authority
famous for his solemnity and seriousness,
ditto; and every wiseacre since the
serpent that played the little joke on our
original ancestors has had his pompous
say on this subject. But few will fail to
agree that getting the laugh-makers themselves
to talk about it will do just as well
S3

54 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
George Hartzell Always Gets a Big Chuckle Because
the Idea of a Clown Winning a Pretty Girl Seems
so Absurd
and will be a lot more interesting. So
here are a couple of answers from a pair
of the world's friends, two of the most
famous American clowns.
For one thing this is the clown's season
; the circus caravans are on the march
and through the length and breadth of the
land they are bringing laughter and joy
to millions of people. And the best play
that New York has seen this season is
reported to be a clown show. It is called
"He Who Gets Slapped," and it is the
story of a man who became a clown, and
made people laugh only through pulling
a solemn face and getting slapped. Mark
that down in your mental notebooks, for
that's an important point in the question
as to just why people laugh.
First let Alfred Miaco, the daddy of
them all, speak. Although just 77, he
is out in the tan-bark ring again this season
to do the turns and hear the laughter
that is music of which he never tires.
"Why do they laugh?" queried Al.
"I've spent most of my seventy-seven
years, son, trying to find that out. It
seems that the more foolish and tragic a
thing is, the more they laugh, especially
nowadays, and yet they say folks are
growing tremendously sophisticated.
"Circus people who know say that the
bigger the crowd the less intelligence
displayed and I guess it's
a fact, as it's well known that a
crowd will act at the level of the
lowest element in it. Watch a
mob and you'll see. The bigger
the mass of people you work for,
the more childish you have to
make your appeal.
"In my early days when circus
tents were small and only had
one ring, and an audience only
:ould
amounted to several hundred, we
get laughs with Shakespearean
lines or make local allusions, subtle and
pointed remarks that meant a real dig
in the funny-bone; all clowns had
speaking parts then, and the fun-makers
were educated people who were fit for
their dignified task—the task of supplying
the nation's humor.
"But nowadays the circuses are so big
there is no chance for intimate fun, no
opportunity for local allusion or real
comedy work, so the clowns don't talk
any more. They just do ridiculous tricks
and the same old slapstick stuff that got
them going in Noah's time. Before,
clowns were given a chance to do a little
more, but now they are specialized like
everybody else. Being only a cog in the
huge circus wheel, they must not try
anything else or there will be a jar. Yet
they must still make people laugh.
"The clowns of Shakespeare, that's
what we wanted to do most. Here were
humorous characters created by the
world's greatest genius, with lines that
meant something every time they got a
laugh. Laughter, with a little thinking,
that's what most clowns want to obtain,
but he can't nowadays—the crowds won't
let us.
"All the bottom instincts exist in every
one. no matter how much of a high-brow
he may be. There are certain things that
tickle every man at every shot. That's
why it's easy to make a big audience
laugh, from the college professor down
to the hobo, with slapstick comedy. You
could make the tramp laugh anywhere,
but you probably would have to get the

professor in a crowd before you'd get
the smile out of him too; the infection of
the crowd spirit, the natural majority
rule works out then.
"It would be different if you tried to
put something artistic over on the crowd.
All have the elementary sense of humor,
that's why they all laugh, but unfortunately
very few develop the subtle or
higher sense, and since it's the crowd that
counts in the box office, it's the elementary
humor that's got to be handed out
to the audience to get it across.
"There are all kinds of laughter.
There's the laughter of sheer good nature.
Then there's the laughter of cruelty, the
laugh that kids get when they tie a can
to the dog's tail, the laugh that people
in former days got when burning brands
were tied under an animal's tail. They
nearly died of laughter watching the animal
leaping and running about in agony.
Slapstick is a milder form of the same
old torture thing. Ever notice how when
someone slips on the ice, or falls down
a flight of steps, or in some outlandish
way is put in a painful or uncomfortable
situation, everybody who witnesses it lets
out a roar.
"Perhaps this is so because people
know that dignity is every man's most important
possession. That's why they
laugh hardest when a man or woman is
put in an undignified position. That's
why the very idea of a clown is enough to
set most people off into peals of laughter.
"Then there is a laugh habit. Maybe
you never thought about it that way, but
that's what it is. Usually when I enter
the ring the crowd laughs at once, uproariously,
before I do anything, just at
seeing me. There's nothing else to make
them laugh. My makeup is no different
from the other clowns. They have seen
me dozens and dozens of times before
and they've laughed before; they're used
to it, so they laugh again. Down in the
depths they remember the laugh they let
out when they saw me before so they
laugh again automatically.
"They did the same with Mark Twain.
All he tried to do when he got up on a
lecture platform to keep his audience
from laughing was a failure. They just
burst out, and he was unable to speak
seriously, as he wanted to sometimes. I
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 55
was told recently
by a
New York
business
man that
during a
performance
in a movie
theater a
picture of
Charlie
Chaplin was
flashed on
th e screen,
just as an
advertisement.
There
was nothing
really funny
about it, yet
Al Miaco, Seventy-seven Years
Old, and the "Daddy" of All the
Clowns
the people howled. It was just the laugh
habit. They were so accustomed to laugh
at Charlie that a flash of his picture was
sufficient to start them to roar with mirth.
"But there's nothing healthier, and
when you get right down to it, there's
nothing nobler than laughter. Sometimes
I tell an audience the truth—that I was
meant to be a minister by my good parents
; they all laugh. It seems funny to
them that a slapstick clown was meant to
be a minister. But I am more than satisfied
with the turn my affairs took. I
consider that making millions enjoy
healthy, hearty laughter has done about
as much good for my fellow men as my
preaching might have done."
That's what Miaco, oldest and said to
be the greatest of clowns has to say about
the matter. George Hartzell, the famous
circus clown of present days duplicated
some of his statements and added a few
bits of his own. Hartzell registers the
biggest hit when he makes love to pretty
girls and wins—the idea of a clown making
love successfully gets them. As Miaco
might have remarked, it's the same old
trick that Shakespeare used in "A Midsummer
Night's Dream," when Bottom,
the clown, makes love to Titania, the
dainty queen of the fairies, and wins.
Says George: "A clown may not be
supposed to do things systematically, but
he does, like everybody else. Naturally.
it's my business to think about what
makes people laugh. I've got it listed in
{Continued on page 1-18)

56
^^^B _
In
j
S'
^—-
•
•
*
I
. 1,
• *
-
^^x
j
1
X .
_p-
M
^— '". -T-—•
,,"•'' • ,-w. -. •
—
. _ • .
riifl
J
' iaii
Marconi's Newest Development Is the "Radio Searchlight" Which Sends Radio Waves
in Any Given Direction Instead of Scattering Them Broadcast
In Water Baseball the Batter and
Catcher Are on an Anchored Boat While
the Other Players Are in the Water
Captain W. W. Stevens Recently Set
the World's Record With a Parachute
Leap of 24,206 Feet
A New York Society Used This Clown
to Tell the Children How to
~\ Take Care of Themselves
U^

UNCLE^SAM'S FLOATING GOURTS
The U. S. Coast-Guard Cutter Unalga Carries the Unique Floating Courts Through Hazardous Patrols
of Southern Alaska Waters
U N I Q U E , and yet among the most
powerful courts in the world, are
the American floating courts in
Alaska and Arctic waters. Criminals
usually are brought to justice, but in the
case of the floating courts of the North,
justice is carried to them.
The United States Government has
five floating courts, tribunals conducted
on coast-guard cutters, one in the Arctic
ocean, three in Bering sea ancl one in
southwe stern
Alaska. The
commanders of
the cutters are
appointed commissioners,
and
other officers
are made spec
i a 1 deputy
marshals. The
powers of the
commissione r s
are those of
judge, j u r y,
U. S. marshal,
customs officer,
prohibition officer
or any
law official that
may be necessary
to d i spense
justice in
the Far North. In addition, they care
for the sick and destitute in remote communities
of the Northland.
Every summer the coast-guard cutters
patrol certain parts of the North Pacific.
Bering sea and the Arctic. In June the
migrating fur-seal herds journeying
from the South Pacific to their breeding
grounds on the Pribilof Islands, are
guarded against poaching, the protective
patrol extending from Oregon northward.
At the
end of the seal
migration t h e
coast - guard
cutters take up
their task of
carrying justice
into the
Arctic.
The nearest
approach to
Uncle Sam's
floating courts
is the tribunals
of justice held
b y the Canadian
Northwest
.Mounted Police
in the re­
After the Storm the Ice Is Thawed from the Machinery With
Steam Hose and Chipped Loose in Other Places
in o t e districts
of t h e Northw
e s t Territo-
57

58
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Her Progress Halted by the Sweeping Fields of Rotting
Ice, the Cutter Puts Out a Party of Men Who
Chop or Dynamite the Way to Open Sea
ries and the Yukon. But while volumes
have been written about the Canadian
Mounted Police, the more picturesque
floating courts maintained by the United
States have received little attention or
recognition.
The crews on the coast-guard cutters
lead adventurous lives. To describe it in
their own vernacular, there is "some excitement
all the time." All the Indian
and Eskimo set'lements to the farthest
reaches of the Aleutian Islands are visited.
Minor infringements of the law are
tried on the spot. Where white villagers
are available, they are sworn in as jurors.
If there are no whites, members of the
coast-guard cutter's crew are sworn in.
Serious crimes are investigated, and alleged
culprits remanded for trial to regular
courts of the territory. There is a
jail aboard each ship, and prisoners accused
of serious crimes are kept in custody
until the cutter returns to port.
When necessary, expeditions of relief
for explorers lost in the Arctic, or succor
for remote plague-ridden settlements,
are organized by the commanders of the
coast guard. The most recent adventure
of this type was the rescue of the damaged
exploring Captain Roald Amundsen's
ship Maud, at Wrangell Island.
The Maud, carrying an expedition in
search of the North Pole, lost her propeller
in the ice. She was rescued by
Captain Claud S. Cochran's coast-guard
cutter Bear. Once each year Little Diomede,
Uncle Sam's small island settlement
near the North Siberian coast, is
visited, and in the same season a visit is
paid to Point Barrow, the most northerly
settlement on the American continent.
The patrol of the Arctic is a hazardous
one. There are thousands of miles of
rugged coastline without sheltering harbors.
When the cutters encounter a
storm far from their home port they must
ride it out. Often they emerge from
these battles with the elements encased
in ice a foot thick. The storms are frequently
so severe that no living thing can
exist above deck. Boats and loose paraphernalia
above deck are stowed away.
hatches are battened down, and the storm
is fought out in the open.
The men of the coast guard are unsung
heroes, equal to any emergency.
Sometimes traders' ships are lost off the
Alaskan or Siberian coast and the crews
trapped in the Arctic ice-floes. When
apprised of the mishap, the coast-guard
cutter speeds to the edge of the ice-fields.
puts ashore a landing party with necessary
equipment, such as dogs, sledges,
supplies, etc., then dodges the treacherous
ice pack to await the return of the
expedition. Sometimes the succoring
party does not return—in wdiich event
another is organized and sent out. In
coast-guard language the word "failure"
does not exist.
The life is a rigorous one, but there is
no complaint. Men of mettle make up
the crews of the coast-guard cutters and
they "play the game."
They take what comes, whenever,
wherever, or whatever it may be.
Through the ice, with it clinging to their
almost frozen bodies; through the storms
that seem to threaten to sink the little
ship; through the dangerous battles with
the most desperate of hardened criminals,
through all these things and more come
this band of brave men without a complaint
of the hardships of their lot.

The Discovery of Glaciers in Colorado
By ESTHER ELLIS REEKS
H A L F a century ago it was generally
believed that the Colorado Rockies
were quite outside the realm of
glaciers, existing or extinct. It is now
known that almost the entire region
above eleven thousand feet in altitude
once lay beneath huge ice floes, at which
time something like 15 per cent of the
whole state was covered with glacial ice
and snow. It has not been definitely determined
during what period this condition
prevailed, but a considerable extent
of country along the range in the central
part of the state and a smaller area in
the southwest, presents most interesting
records of such a period.
Yet long after this became known the
presence of living glaciers in these re-
gions was entirely unsuspected. In 1885
no true glaciers were supposed to exist
south of Wyoming, and not until the beginning
of the present century was it established
beyond doubt that such phenomena
are still active within the state
of Colorado.
The first suspicion of the actual
fact was awakened in the minds of
some in 1882, when W. L. Hallett,
of Colorado Springs, broke through
a covering of snow on an ice field
on Hague's Peak in wdiat is now the
Rocky Mountain National Park
and narrowly escaped losing his
Left—Arapahoe and North Arapahoe Glaciers in the
Background and Glacier Lake in the Foreground
ife in a crevasse beneath. Five years
later the spot was visited by another scientist
who announced that the field was a
glacier. I lis statement was attacked by
other scientists who claimed that the observations
he had reported failed to indicate
that fact. Yet later observations
have proved that he was correct, and the
field, though small, is now designated
Hallett's Glacier in honor of its discoverer.
In spite of this, the first Colorado glacier
to be definitely known as such was
Arapahoe, which fills an amphitheater
formed by the peaks of the same name
almost directly west of the city of Boulder.
The glacier is plainly visible
from the campus of the state university.
59

60 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
In the summer of 1900, Eben Fine, a
nature lover, while climbing about the
peaks intent on taking pictures, lost his
footing and slid down several hundred
feet over snow and ice, barely saving
himself from serious mishap. When he
came to a halt he was not so badly hurt
as to be oblivious to his surroundings;
and what he saw convinced him that here
was evidence of a living glacier of«considerable
extent. He reported his ob-
-X
,: l ' t
If
Above—St. Vrain Glacier, Showing (Right) a Close-up
of the Age-rings That Look Like Mere Cracks in the
Large View
servations to the department of geology
of the University of Chicago, and one of
the members visited the place soon after.
The following month he announced in
the bulletin of his department the discovery
of a hitherto-unknown glacier
some distance south of the supposed glacial
limit.
In 1902 representatives of the Colorado
University made a thorough survey
of the glacier. Two years later a second
expedition set a line of zinc stakes, tying
them to bench marks on the wall of the
cirque and on the terminal moraine, and
the following year computed the annual
flow to be twenty-seven and a half feet.
The ice and neve here cover an area approximately
a mile in extent each way.
A large moraine stands at the foot of
this glacier, and other moraines and a
chain of half-a-dozen small lakes, as well
as the smoothly worn rocks of the
U-shaped valley, mark its retreat in centuries
past, and show that it must once
have extended some fourteen miles
farther down. That it is still retreating
is evidenced by a lakelet between the glacier
and its present moraine, while the
shrinkage of even the few years during
which it has been studied is plainly
visible.
Late in the summer the snow usually
disappears from a large portion of the
surface of the glacier,
giving splendid opportunity
for observation
of its characteristic
features. Fine glacial
mud covers the moraine
: a number of
crevasses are revealed,
as well as the large
Bcrgschrund along its
upper portion; numerous
dirt bands, too, become
exposed, telling
something of its age: and the lakelet at
its foot shows white with rock flour,
which is also decreasing!)- apparent in
several of the lakes below.
In the past twenty years a number of
other well-defined glaciers have been discovered
within the state, until at the present
time there are twelve which have
been recognized as such. Two of these,
the Serra Blancas of the Huerfano Valley
in the southwestern part of the state,
are far removed from the others, and are
the most southerly of all the known glaciers
of the United States. The remaining
ten are found at the northern end of

the old central glacial region, five being
within the Rocky Mountain National
Park, and five closely grouped together
in the Colorado National Forest just
south of it.
Those within the park are Hallett's,
Sprague's, Tvndall, Andrews, and Taylor.
The largest of these is probably not
more than a quarter of a mile across in
either direction, but all exhibit signs of
present activity, as well as of having once
been vastly
greater in extent.
None of
them is easy of
access and all
of the m a r e
visited far less
frequently than
those of the
National Forest
Largest and
best known of
all is the Arapahoe,
w h i c h
has already
been described.
It is also the
most southerly
of the northern
group. On the
north side of
North Arapa­
hoe Peak is the
most recently
discovered o f
the entire number.
This is known as the North Arapahoe,
or Henderson. Glacier. It is smaller
in size than the first and in a difficult
cirque, and consequently is seldom
visited.
Two miles north are the Isabel and
Fair glaciers, on opposite sides of Mt.
(ieorge, the one facing east, the other
west. Fair glacier is the only one in the
region on a west slope. Both were discovered
in 1908 and more thoroughly explored
in 1910. Isabel, the larger of the
two, has the most rapid motion of any
Colorado glacier, traveling at the rate of
thirty-five feet a year.
But most interesting of all is the St.
Yrain, close to the National Park line.
This is in reality two glaciers connected
by a narrow tongue. The north one is a
huge bulging mass of ice, three-quarters
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 61
of a mile across and several hundred feet
in thickness. It lies in a wind-swept
cirque and is clear of snow for a much
longer period than any of the others. Its
age rings are unusually distinct—five
hundred being easily counted—showing
that here is ice formed before Columbus
discovered America. The smaller south
lobe is flat and almost entirely covered
with rocks and debris. Some of the rocks
are estimated to weigh five hundred tons
"*wr
Sprague's Glacier, in the Rocky Mountain National Park, Two and a Quarter Miles
Above the Level of the Sea
each. The St. \ rain is now one of the
most accessible of glaciers, thanks to a
fine trail recently constructed by the Forestry
Service. It promises soon to rival
in popularity the Arapahoe, which for
some time has been the most-visited glacier
on the American continent.
Scarcely can there be imagined a section
more wildly grand or more picturesque
and diversified in. beauty and interest
than the glacier region of the Colorado
Forest, less than a day's journey
from the city of Denver. Here, in a spot
some ten miles square, besides the glaciers
themselves, are seen half-a-dozen
towering peaks, lakes by the score, magnificent
forests, dashing streams with
foaming cataracts and roaring falls,
mountain meadows and flower fields vast
and wonderful.

Through Darkest Africa by Automobile
An American Scientist Motored Over the Trails That Livingstone
Blazed in the African Jungles
By G E O R G E H. D A C Y
There Are Some Good Roads Through the Jungles. The Hardest Job Was Getting
Gasoline for the Trip
O F all the strange sights ever scanned
by a motorist as he sped along his
way, one of the most extraordinary
was a large band of zebra and gazelle
strung out over a stretch three miles
long, which Dr. H. L. Shantz, a scientist
of the Department of Agriculture, ran
across in the course of a nine-thousandmile
trip through darkest Africa. Using
a couple of light
motor trucks, byproducts
of the
war, Dr. Shantz
motored over
many of the trails
which years before
had been
blazed by Livingstone,
the famous
e x p 1 o r er . He
penetrated into
the jungle wilder­
nesses several
hundred miles far­
62
ther than any previous automobile party
had ever gone. He traveled through the
lands of wild tribesmen and naked savages,
where wild beasts of every type
and variety prowl after prey. He
came across many herds of wild elephants,
and a number of rhinoceroses and
lions.
In a country where gasoline stations
are about as comm
o n as candy
counters, Dr.
Shantz made an
automobile tour
of six h u n d r e cl
miles in search of
rare and useful
agricultural crops
and plants. He
was accompanied
by H. C. Raven,
a faunal natural­
L. Shantz. at Left, and Two of His Companions
in the Elephant Country of Addo Bush
ist of the Smithsonian
Institute,

who was out in search of unusual and
curious animal specimens. The extraordinary
motor tour began at Nairobi,
the capital of British East Africa. The
ordinary price of gasoline was eight dollars
a gallon, but by arrangement with
the African authorities the American exploring
party secured an adequate supply
of fuel and oil at much lower rates. The
scientists decided that the only practical
method of providing a dependable fuel
supply was to equip a chain of concealed
stations with gas along the route that
they planned to follow. On the first trip,
they hauled a supply of gas out into the
bush and wild game country about seventy
miles from Nairobi and cached it
away. They repeated the trip the following
day, making the next cache approximately
seventy miles deeper into the
jungle. They continued this work until
the entire roadless
route was
provided with
emergency fuel
stations and then
started on the big
exploring trip.
The general
idea that an expedition
through
the wilds of Africa
during the
present day and
age is fraught
with peril, privation
and hardship
is disproved by
the experiences of the Shantz party.
Where proper precautions are taken, it
is as safe to tour the African jungles as
the main-traveled roads of the American
In the Upper Sudan Country the Shantz Expedition
Had to Travel by Foot With Bush Boys to Carry the
Baggage
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 63
The Party Occupied This Camp on the Kafue River
for a Month While Collecting Seeds and Fruit
corn belt. Most of the natives and wild
animals who never before had seen either
automobile or white men fled in fear from
the "devil-wagons and their crews." The
animals of the jungle paid more attention
t o t h e horseless
carriages than did
the tribesmen.
H e r d s of w i 1 d
elephants would
stop grazing and
gaze in wonder at
the a u t o m o tive
vehicles. They
were so surprised
that they forgot
to attack the tourists.
Occasionally,
lions would cross
the trails in front
of the oncoming
cars. The automobile
headlights fascinated the wild beasts
at night. Hyenas and jackals would trail
after the cars, apparently infatuated with
the golden orbs of light which illuminated
the bush and jungle. Though they
saw thousands of jungle beasts in their
native haunts, no member of the party
was attacked by the animals.
How would you like to stand concealed
in the dense bush of the jungle while a
band of natives rounded up a herd of
wild elephants? Would you have the
courage to stand before the onrushing
monsters who, in their mad charge,
toppled over trees and brushed aside the
dense, matted growth of the jungle as
though they were mere cobwebs ? Could
you hold your ground until the foremost
of the enormous, enraged beasts was but

61 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Several Times It Was Necessary to Construct Bridges Over Streams
in Out-of-the-Way Places
six paces from you and then kill him
with well-placed shots? That is the way
the African elephant hunters turn the
trick.
The Shantz party visited Major Pretorious
and his wife, famous elephant
hunters in the Addo Bush country where
wild game of this description is most
abundant. Major Pretorious has killed
more than two hundred full-grown elephants.
He is absolutely fearless and is
as familiar with all the arts and artifices
of the bush and its beasts as the average
New Yorker is with the lights of Broadway.
He has lived for long periods with
the different tribes and bushmen and
knows their habits and languages. He
was one of the foremost spies in the
British service during the war, serving
in both South Africa and Palestine. On
one occasion with a band of twenty natives
he captured seven thousand Germans
by cutting off their food supplies.
Major Pretorious made a special trip
to the Addo Bush country at the behest
of the Government of Cape Province to
lay low the elephants which Still remained
there—survivors of the huge
herds which once roamed that territory.
Great areas of the thorn bush are composed
of a dense growth of mimosa and
prickly pear bound fast together by tenacious
creepers. It is impossible for man
to worm his way through this jungle
without an ax. The bush grows eight to
fifteen feet high. The tall elephants can
see and scent the hunters in
the bush while the gunmen
cannot see the beasts until
they hear them crashing
through the forest maze.
When an elephant charges,
his course is diverted only
by the bullet which lays him
low. The hunter who fires
at a charging beast and
misses never lives to tell the
tale.
In the Addo Bush, Dr.
Shantz caught a baby elephant
which he named "Baby
Jumbo" and kept as the
camp mascot. In the charge
of an elephant herd, if one
of the young ones is caught
and held until the rest of the
herd rushes by, the beast
will become docile and follow its captor
about like a dog. Dr. Shantz tells
interesting stories about the baby elephant
—how the little beast would lie down to
go to sleep but would stand up until he
fell asleep and then would sway to and
fro until finally he toppled to the ground,
where he would lie until his nap was
{Continued on pag-e 136)
In Order to Obtain a Good Picture of Victoria Falls
the Movie Photographer Was Let Down by Ropes
Three Hundred and Fifty Feet into the Canyon

Now You Can Walk on Water
IT is hard to tell what Fred A. Cady,
of the Los Angeles Athletic Club, was
thinking about when he invented the
water shoes which
enable men and
women to walk
around on the water.
He might have had
in mind the Biblical
story, or he might
have seen some of
the oversize shoes
we all have encountered
on the dance
floor, that looked as
though they ought
to entitle the wearer
to a walk on the lake.
But, wherever he got
the idea, he got it
and we now have
these shoes.
The shoes are
Fred A. Cady With His
New "Shoe-boats" Which
Make It Possible to Walk
on Water
really nothing but small boats of light
weight, built of wood covered with canvas,
thus making them water-tight.
There are foot holes in the tops of the
shoes. On the bottoms are attached
"fins," which serve as paddles when the
wearer exerts the backward pushing
movement of walking, but which offer no
resistance wdien the shoes are drawn forward
for the next step.
The shoes have
been thoroughly
tested and found to
be wholly practical.
They have given rise
to the idea of a new
sport, that of water
tilting. Mounted on
the water shoes, each
contestant is given a
long bamboo pole
with a pad of cloth
or some soft material
fastened to one
end. At a given signal
the contestants
walk toward each
other through the
water and each attempts
to throw the
other off his balance
by means of pushes
with the long pole.
Another sport with the shoes that is
gaining great popularity is that of racing
through the water to a given point. Manyspills
add to the excitement of the races.
65

Look Out, Worms! This New Bug-catching
Machine Is Guaranteed to Rid the Farm of All
Insect Pests. A Powerful Light Attracts the Bugs
and a Strong Suction Catches Them a Bushel at a
Time
66
He Looks Too Good to Be Out of Mischief.
Bet You He's Up to Some Prank. It Is
Some Contrast Between the Good Little
Jackie Coogan Shown Here and the Poor
Homeless Boy We Are Used to on the
Screen
It's a Good Thing That "Curly" Steckler,
Chief Animal Trainer of the Universal City
Menageries, and This Ferocious Jungle
King Are Just Playing. This Playing Is
One Reason for the Animals in the Movies
Being So Well Behaved
Auto Polo Is the Latest Sport and Has Recently Appeared on the Pacific Coast. Inter-City Contests Are
Being Held on Regular Schedule, and This Scene Was Shot in a Game Between Seattle and Vancouver

The Camels Are Coming
The Characteristics of These "Desert Ponies" Fit Them to Be Excellent
Beasts of Burden in Any Country in Any Climate
By E. LESLIE GILLIAMS
The Camel Corps Is a Conspicuous and Romantic Division of the Turkish Army
T O most Americans the camel is a
circus animal and an animal of
romance. Few can conceive of him
as an everyday beast of burden, a beast
as common in the countries where he is
used as the horse is to us—and even
more useful. Yet, despite the inroads of
the automobile, in oriental countries he
is the most prized possession and performs
the work that in other countries is
performed by a number of animals.
It was only recently that an intimation
of what a tremendously serviceable and
remarkable beast of burden he is was
given to us in a dramatic manner
through the American Relief in Russia.
When the food ships arrived in Rus­
sian ports last
fall, the Relief
Administrators
discovered a
pitiable state
of demoralization.
The railroad
system
leading into
the famine districts
was absolutely
d i s -
organized and
could not be reconstructed
at
the beginning
of winter or in
time to serve the immediate needs of the
sufferers. Horses were not available to
any extent, many having been killed for
food. Those that had escaped the stricken
victims of starvation were so weak from
undernourishment that they could not be
depended upon for this strenuous duty.
While the workers despaired, someone
suggested camels, of which there was a
fair supply available just over the Russian
border in Asia. With the ordinary
misconceptions of this strange beast as
being oriental and tropical, the Americans
at first laughed at this suggestion.
The Russian helpers who knew, however,
reminded the doubters from the
United States that camels have to stand
Camels, Arabs
and Deserts
Have Long
very severe temperatures in the
night winds which sweep piercingly
across
the desert, and
that these animals
are in use
i n mountainous
B a c t r i a
and in the
northern parts
of China where
the climate is
not by any
means tropical.
In other words,
the animals
work equally
67

68 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
well in wet, hot, and cold climates, which
is more than can be said for the horse.
But there was no time for skepticism.
The most forlorn hope would have been
utilized and all the camels in the vicinity
were impressed
into this service
of humanity.
From all
sides came reports
of the
terrible sufferings
of the
famished. Relief
was needed
at once in
w i d e 1 y separated
districts,
many of them
inaccessible by
any other way
than by the
camel train.
Along the
stretches of the crippled railways went
what relief trains could be got together.
while along the rugged highways went
caravans of camels each animal loaded
with nearly a thousand pounds of food.
There have been caravans before which
have figured in romance and history, caravans
that have served high purposes, but
few that have performed missions of
mercy and won places like those sent to the
aid of the starving by the American Relief.
In due course they reached the vast
districts which, on account of the transport
breakdown, could not have been
reached in any other way. thus saving
hundreds of thousands of
lives that otherwise would
have been sacrificed. These
caravans in fact made long
journeys through difficult
country in bitter cold weather,
in extraordinary time,
and with the loss of but few
animals.
Thus not only was a trying
problem solved by the
use of camels, but to the
wise observers it suggested
something else ; namely, that
other similar work in similar
climates not usually con­
sidered natural for the
camel could be performed.
Camel Drivers Usually Become Very Fond of Their Charges
It brought home the fact that the animal
which by its very nature was the ideal
servant of man need not be limited in
his range to the warm climates but could
be used in other countries, the United
States among
them.
It was a dramaticrevelat
i o n and its
fruit seems to
augur as much
for the permanent
and normal
benefit of
humanity as it
proved in this
startling a n d
unusual emergency.
Fol lowing
this experi­
ence, word
comes that the
Department of the Interior is now contemplating
the introduction of the camel
into this country, especially in the arid
regions where he would be particularly
useful. In the deserts of the southwest,
in Arizona, Xew Mexico, Colorado,
and California, he would encounter
conditions that are suitable for him by
nature and where he would be able to
develop in a large measure territories
that have been abandoned.
Mexico is profoundly interested in this
experiment. The vast territory of Lower
California which is sparsely inhabited,
save for a few districts along the sea, has
'-'.-- . ^-'' _: .. ". ' > . v.: ...
Loading for a Desert Trip. A Camel Will Refuse to Rise and Start on
a Journey if He Has too Large a Load

no railroad transport to speak of. The
loneliness of the settlements discourage
immigration and the possibilities of the
country, which by irrigation could be
made fertile and whose mining districts
could be explored, are held up in their
development by the fact that no facilities
for communication exist. Even horses
are not available because the barren
country is too difficult for them. With
camels the Mexican government hopes
that this huge territory may first become
the home of a type of American Arabs,
and eventually be opened up to farming
and other industries.
In Australia the animal has already
been introduced with extraordinary success,
having solved the problem there of
coram u n i c a t i o n
precisely as it is
expected to solve
the problem of
arid America. In
South Africa, too,
the strange beast
has recentlv been
introduced, and the
reports indicate
that there too, as
in the deserts of
the Sahara, this
versatile and all-
around beast is
more than paying
for the experiment.
The peculiar structure of the camel's
feet which makes him the ideal sand
walker makes him also available for
marshy, soft ground anywhere. The
foot is hoofed and can therefore serve on
rough and stony ground, while it is
small and the lower part of the foot is
Baby Camels Are Awkward-Looking Beasts. They
Seem to Be All Legs
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 69
The Camel Can Be Easily Paired in an Odd Team
made of a very remarkable elastic tissue
which spreads out upon pressure, giving
it a broad surface of support when
needed. It is the
same principle as
the snowshoe, and,
as a result, the
c a m 11 does not
flounder as do
other animals on
sandy, marshy, or
snowy ground.
Such a perfect
animal from the
service point of
view would seem
to have been made
Camels Can Carry Loads Ranging Between Five especially by Prov-
Hundred and a Thousand Pounds
i d e n c e with the
view of providing
man with an ideal helper in his struggle
for existence. Yet it is only today in this
age of the automobile that man is going
to take full advantage of it. For in
spite of the many new roles machinery
and, in particular, motor devices have
taken, man will never be able to do without
beasts of burden. The motor threatened
the horse, but he is still in use and
would be secure but for the new threat
of the camel now approaching. It appears
that what the automobile has not
yet proved capable of doing is to be done
by this strange beast now to be imported
from the deserts of the old world to the
cultivated fields of the new.
The greatest defeat that ever overtook
the Romans in the days of their glory
was won curiously enough by a troop of
camels. It makes one of the most astounding
stories in the vast store that
{Continued on page 138)

Another Step in Torpedo Aircraft
W I T H O U T a rival in excellency of
design is the claim made for a
torpedo seaplane recently completed
for the United States Navy Department.
The results of tests at Naval
Air Station, Anacostia, D. C, subscribe
to that opinion.
The machine is capable of the high
speed of one hundred and twelve miles
an hour, and with only one engine in operation
its rate of movement is curtailed
only one hundred feet a minute. The
useful load of the craft is three thousand
eight hundred pounds, including fuel and
oil, the crew, and standard torpedo or
other bombing device. The crew consists
of a gunner; pilot and an assistant pilot.
The pilot acts as bomber. There are special
accommodations provided for mechanics,
including stands or minature
platforms from which workmen can conveniently
locate themselves when making
repairs or adjustments. These standing
boards consist of shelves which are located
on each side of the engines. A
sliding arrangement permits of their encasement
in the wing when not in use.
Structurally, this monoplane is built entirely
of wood, with the exception of the
wing covering. The wings have a span
of sixty-five feet, and their maximum
thickness is thirty inches, while the chord
at the root is sixteen feet. Thus the
maximum wing depth is 15.6 per cent.
'"^^^
1
1 • IA -4 inra
JMi—1
floats. Likewise, the main floats are of
sufficient length to permit of the dispensation
of the tail floats.
The rudder control is novel. The machine
is equipped with two vertical fins
and an equal number of balanced rud-
Close-up View of the Naval Bombing Plane
ders. There is only one control horn on
each rudder, these being located in the
space between the rudders. The tips of
the balanced portions are linked together
by wire. Thus a pull on one control horn
is transmitted through one rudder to the
balance wire and by that means contact is
made with the other rudder. The rudders
are located just behind the propellers,
and are, therefore, in the slipstream.
The ends of control are thus
better served.
This torpedo-carrying mechanism of
j_Kt »« J 1 \
The Latest Step in the Progress of Torpedo Aircraft Is the Large Bombing Plane Recently Tested by
the Navy
The undercarriage is comprised of two the air and water is described as a cantifloats,
one under each engine. This pro- lever monoplane, with the engines virvision
obviates the need of wing-tip tually mounted in the wings.
70

A New World War Is on
This Is the War Against the Insect World, Which Recent Scientific Investigations
Show Is Rivaling Mankind in Its Remarkable Developments
By HORACE B. KNIGHT
W H I L E the whole world is crying
for peace, scientists say we must
prepare immediately for a new
world war more widespread and fundamental
than any conflict ever before and
absolutely without quarter—a war to the
death. It will be a real world war, too,
for it will be a fight for the undisputed
ruling of the earth. Man proudly walks
Working on a Large
Model of Common Housefly.
Above — The Black
Cloud Represents the De- -^Sri
scendants of One Pair of J_MMKB_£
Flies if They Should All WHM& j
Survive and Multiply at ff^^"
the Usual Rate for One / / J
Season ^^-^/ J
about confident that
he is the master, •••••^•H
but he is dangerously
challenged by
a tremendous power. The most minute
of earthly creatures are waging a war
against him for supremacy.
The ordinary munitions of war will be
useless in this conflict as science is the
only weapon with which man can hope
for victory. Science confesses itself as
yet insufficient to cope with the enemy
but it is working night and day to overcome
many handicaps.
Everywhere science is bending its greatest
efforts to this study. A great zoological
laboratory at Richmond, near
London, is at this time investigating the
speeds and the motions of insects, and
other similar institutions are working on
similar problems. It is realked that we
must understand the nature of the enemy ;
that we must not be deceived by the
minuteness of these opponents, since they
make up for minuteness by their enormous
numbers.
We must not believe that in making a
human being one of the largest animals,
creation has also made that being the
most perfect. Any biologist will affirm
that structurally, in the sheer physical
organization of powers and faculties, insects
are far superior to the developments
yet arrived at by man. For resistance to
natural hardships,
for sheer tenaciousness
of life,
our tiny enemies
are better organized
by far than
we are.
But not content
w i t h this, many
species have
achieved really remarkablecooperative
organizations.
They have fully
learned the great
lesson of unity
which man is only
beginning to appreciate
and are
applying it in the
life cycles and activities.
Most fearful of all is the fact that insects
are armed with what many thought
was man's exclusive possession—a development
of instinct equaling the wonder
weapon of intelligence. Science is
convinced that instinct functioning of an
unbelievable perfection exists in the insect
world and has given rise to quite
similar developments that intelligence has
brought about in human beings.
One thing is the building of what appear
to be cities or the development
of communal life for mutual protection
71

72 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
and service and in this respect the insect
world has achieved what humanity is
ceaselessly aiming at—a perfect and frictionless
organization, a society that sticks
together and does not threaten to break
into anarchy at the slightest pressure.
For these reasons science is not as yet
too cocky over its struggle with the insect
forces. It is confident of its power to
wage the war for the world to a victorious
end but it realizes its tremendous task
and it is quietly but thoroughly preparing
for a titanic struggle. By constant research
and investigation it is fashioning
its weapons, for
it realizes that
t h e weapons of
the insects are in
their way terrible
and nearly irresistible.
One of the most
terrible and astonishing
weapons is
the birthrate of
the insect world
which breeds so
enormously that
the progeny must
be estimated by
the billions. The
statistics of the number of flies that one
pair can produce, or the even greater fertility
of the mosquito has been published
over and over again. It has confronted
us year in and year out. Against tbe
deadly breeding power of these tiny beings
ordinary methods of extermination
are helpless.
Besides its breeding, its staying power
is a matter of great concern to humanity.
Many insects have what are called spore
stages in reproduction which enables
them to carry on from season to season.
The spores are tiny safety vessels which
carry the young insect. The wind may
carry them far from their native spot, the
snow may bun' them, or leaf mold, or
earth ; but no pressure is great enough to
crush them since they are so minute as to
be invisible; so, in spite of the fact that
many insects die in the winter, as soon as
the warm weather begins, new swarms
hatch out of the myriad spores and the
earth is as full of them as if none had
been destroyed during the cold weather.
This quality of spore reproduction makes
Our Well-known Friend the Cootie Looks Like This
When Wandering Around Underneath the Powerful Eye
of the Microscope
them, like man, an inhabitant of all parts
of the world. Those who believe, for instance,
that the Arctic is a safe refuge
from them should hear what the explorers
have to tell of conditions there wdiere
acute discomfort is experienced in the
summer and where cases are known of
animals bitten to death by the pests.
In addition to these weapons are the
tremendous and deadly powers of the insect
to communicate disease to its animal
enemies—it might be better to say victims.
Cooties, mosquitoes, and houseflies
are high in the running in their
ability to inoculate
man with the
germs of yellow
fever, malaria, typhoid
and typhus
fever, while poisonous
stings of
tarantulas, some
tropical species of
flies and even of
bees, are among
the dread scourges
with which the
insect world is
armed against
man.
That is all
fairly well known and is already being
fought but the crop devastations of insects
are, however, not looked upon in
the vital and serious light they should be.
The current term for these insects in
many rural communities is "pe'sts"—indicating
that they are not so much dangerous
as troublesome. This is the wrong
viewpoint, for, as it is now generally understood,
the insects do not destroy crops
out of a spirit of mischief but in a war
for existence. They are fighting with
mankind for the fruits of the earth and
for the very means of existence and it is
this that makes it a struggle to death.
To quote the words of the famous scientist
and poet, Maeterlinck, "The insect
brings with him something that does
not seem to belong to the customs, the
morale, the psychology of our globe.
One would say that it comes from another
planet, more monstrous, more dynamic,
more insensate, more atrocious,
more infernal than ours. It seizes upon
life with an authority and a fecundity
which nothing equals here below. We

cannot realize that it is a creation of the
same Mother Nature of which we flatter
ourselves that we are the favorite children.
"There is, without doubt, with this
amazement and troubling strangeness of
this creation, an instinctive and profound
fear inspired by these creatures so incomparably
better armed and better
equipped than ourselves, these compressions
of energy and activity which are
our most mysterious enemies, our rivals
in these latter hours and perhaps our
successors.''
Maeterli nek's
theory is supported
by the observations
of
scientists. a 1 -
though there is
a lack of agreem
e n t between
them as to
w h e t h e r the
highest members
of the insect
world have intelligence.
Despite
the fact that
they have
achieved the
most wonderful
development of
social life, it
seems not to be
a development of the intelligence so much
as of the instincts which are brought to
a perfection of harmony that is one of
the miracles of our world.
This difference of development, this
reliance upon a remarkable organization
of instincts, seems to justify the words
of the great Belgian writer who shows
the insects as a creation almost of another
world, a creation not lessening in
numbers and variety as other enemies of
mankind seem to be, but growing with
him differently but in a parallel direction
and seeming to prepare for a terrible
eventual struggle for the sole possession
of the earth.
It may seem strange to say so but some
very recent investigations into the life
habits of specially developed insects show
that what humanity seems to be aiming
at in its next evolution has already been
attained in the insect world. According
ILLUSTRATED WORLD Ti
The Malarial Mosquito Is Perhaps One of the Greatest
Menaces to Animal Life That the Insect World Has
Perfected
to Professor Bouvier, problems that scientists
almost despaired of solving have
been solved by these little rivals, and
achievements that were thought peculiar
to mankind have been similarly attained
by them.
While the majority of their species are
individuals in habit and organization, the
French scientist points out that the more
advanced and growing kinds are social in
their modes of life. They combine, as
human beings do. in communities and organize
intricate and wonderful buildings
in which they dwell, as city people dwell
in apartment
houses. All of
us are familiar
w i t h beehives
and the cellular
dwellings which
they construct
for their habitations.
Hornets
and wasps construct
similar
homes, nests of
elaborate kinds
made of natural
materials like
leaves and twigs
and sometimes
of a sort of cement
and clay
which they mix
for the purpose
of building permanent refuges.
Arachnids, the great insect family to
which spiders belong, build huge webs
sometimes covering a tree completely.
In these webs they lay out partitions and
streets and have their houses, and innumerable
swarms live in a communal harmony
that mankind might well envy.
The orb-weaving spiders have no peers
in the art of weaving. They know how
to fasten marvelously regular webs to the
branches of trees ; how to cross rivers on
bridges on floating threads, and, when
young, how to utilize similar threads to
take flight through the air.
The termite, the insect which is
wrongly called white ant, is accustomed
to build mounds rising in the air
to a height of from six to twelve feet.
When the size of these minute builders is
considered, these comparatively lofty edi-
{Continued on page --/-)

-£$ &*
This Is the Moroccan Idea of High-grade Athletics.
Note the Queer Style of Haircut That the Athletes
Wear
Marconi Recently Arrived
in New York. He
Is Shown in the Wireless
Room of His Ship,
"Electra." During the
Trip He Tried to Signal
Mars Which Is Now
Very Close to the Earth
74
When closed This
i Violin of Albert
Mertes' Resembles
a Thick Cane
A Recent Style Started by Los Angeles Society Is the
Wearing of Milady's Cosmetics in the Top of the
Walking Stick or Parasol

How the Timber Sleuths Track Firebugs
By DORELL G. HOBSON
FIGHTING firebugs is one of the
most curious and romantic of the
hundred and one tasks which the
rangers who look after our national
forests have to perform. Man-started
fires are one of the greatest sources of
danger and menace to our valuable
woodlands. One western state has
suffered enormous destruction of pro­
J"~+A~,
ductive forests
as a result of
three hundred or
more incendiary
fires which have
been set off annually
by mali-
: i o u s - minded
evildoers. Matters
took on
Under the Microscope This Slicll a SerioUS
Plaster Cast of a Shoe Im- aspect that three
pression Told Enough to Catch the
a rirebug J r ° .
hrst arson squad
of the U. S. Forest Service was organized
to investigate the causes of manstarted
fires, to locate the culprits and
to prosecute them in the Federal courts.
These government timber sleuths
have been wonderfully effective in reducing
incendiary fires. In one western
state which has seventeen national
forests within its borders, the annual
number of incendiary fires has been
cut down from two hundred to twenty
a year. Gradually, the risks of lumber
and timber losses from incendiarism
are being eliminated. The agents of
Uncle Sam have employed every art
and artifice known to modern detective
agencies in tracking and locating the
offenders and in gathering enough evidence
to convict them. Distinctive
footprints or hoofprints, in many cases,
have been the only clues that the forest
detectives had to follow. A horse may
be shod in an unusual manner or the
shoe may be marked so that it is easy
to trail and identify by the hoofmarks.
If the culprit is on foot, abnormalities
of his footprint such as a peculiar hobnail,
a runover heel, a scuffed toe or the
like may lead to identification.
The forest rangers are trained in
forest tracking and trailing. Many of
them have attained such proficiency
that they will follow a trail which to the
average individual is entirely invisible.
The mere displacement of a twig, the
slightest irregularity and smothering
down of the grass, the marks left in
the early morning dew, all are regular
guideposts which tell them which way
the criminals have fled through the
forests after their misdeeds. Automobile
tire tracks near the main-traveled
roads and the scenes of incendiarism
often indicate that the offenders were
tourists, campers, fishermen, hunters or
vacationists who neglected to snuff out
abandoned camp fires. The timber
sleuths are expert in locating tire peculiarities
by the track. They follow
motor cars many miles and often capture
the negligent or miscreant ones
by using the tire tracks as identification
marks.
Handwriting on discarded bits of
paper, scraps of addresses on envelopes
which have been thrown away, as well
X'
SEE* w
Peculiarities in This Automobile Track Enabled the
Forest Rangers to Track Some Auto Tourists for
Over One Hundred Miles
as lost handkerchiefs with identifyi
laundry marks, at one time or another,
have enabled the wilderness policemen
to locate incendiaries. All the motor
roads through the government forests
are posted plentifully warning campers
75

76 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
and tourists not to leave abandoned
campfires. There is no excuse for the
large numbers of conflagrations which
are caused annually by the carelessness
of campers. That is why the arson
squads exert every effort to trail down
each culprit and see that he or she
is tried and punished.
The federal forest rangers are expert
at making casts and impressions of foot
tracks which are valuable sources of
identification and necessary as evidence
in court trials. They use ordinary cement,
dental plaster or plaster-of-Paris
in making such models. Wdiere the
footprint of man. woman or animal
appears in the mud, sand or dust close
to the scene of an incendiary fire, the
amateur sleuths sprinkle cement or
plaster over the track and then squeeze
a little water from a damp cloth over
the material. In a few minutes, the
plaster cast sets sufficiently so that it
can be removed and carefully handled.
In the early stages of the work, the forest
detectives used waterglass in making such
impressions but more recentlv thev have
found dental plaster to l>e more satisfactory
for the purpose.
The wilderness watchmen are so skillful
that they can reproduce a faint foot-
The Very Faintest of Clues Sometimes Lead to
Conviction. This Piece of Rock Led to the Location
of a Malicious Incendiary
print which is almost obliterated on a
dusty floor. They employ special spray
guns to spread light films of shellac and
wood alcohol over the tracks, exercising
special care not to disturb the dust during
these operations. The shellac mixture is
allowed to dry for five minutes and then
the process of spraying is resumed again
for about twenty minutes. On occasion,
as much as one quart of shellac is used
in making a satisfactory impression of a
single footmark. The impression is allowed
to dry for about an hour and a
moist mold of plaster-of-Paris or ordinary
cement is applied. In case a footprint
has been set properly in shellac, if a piece
of the floor can be sawed out, the original
track, where carefully handled, can somelimes
be introduced into court as evidence.
In other cases it is necessary to
use the plaster impression made from the
footprint.
The type of shoe used on horses, mules
or burros ridden by the incendiaries not
uncommonly leads to the detection of the
wrong-doers. Usually in the mountainous
sections of the Far West, the practice
is to equip riding horses with readymade
shoes. Hence horses that are shod
with sharp calks are distinctive and easy
to trace. Generally animals that are shod
at the blacksmith shop are easy to track
due to identifying shoe marks. Barefooted
animals with peculiarities of hoof
structure are also easy to trail as well as
an animal which has lost one or two shoes
or is lame in one foot.
Motorists are traced by strange tvpes,
designs and shapes of tire treads or other
abnormalities of the tires. The forest
rangers can now tell the direction an
automobile was traveling by carefully
studying the track of the niachine. On
earth roads, the pattern imprints of nonskid
tires are always steeper and more
distinct on the rear side of each indentation.
Generally, stones are shoved ahead
by the wheels of the automobile, the track
of the stone being intact usually close behind
where it stops while the dust is piled
up by the shove exerted on the forward
side. Dust or sand is generally sprinkled
over the rear side of stones or obstructions
passed over, while the forward side
is swept clean.
In dropping into chuck duties the impact—wider
tire imprint—appears on the
forward side of the chuck-hole or obstruction.
In descending into ruts, the
wheels will run off the high side to a
feather edge while in climbing out they
will stay in the rut until side pressure
{Continued on page 13°)

O U T in California there is a man who
has the only job of the kind in the
world, and he has no competition in
keeping it. He is the official mountainlion
hunter of the state, paid by the state,
and reporting every month to the California
State Fish and Game Commission.
He is employed to protect the deer, antelope,
mountain sheep, and other rapidlydisappearing
game animals from the
mountain-lion population, estimated at six
hundred, within the boundaries of the
state. It is commonly believed that man
is the most destructive enemy of wild life,
yet the Fish and Game Commission has
established the fact that these six hundred
mountain lions destroy at least
thirty thousand deer every year, or more
than twice the number killed by all the
human hunters in the state.
To save some of these thirty thousand
deer is the job of Jay Bruce, mountainlion
hunter, and his pack of dogs. He is
paid two thousand dollars a year for his
job, and he averages thirty of the lions a
year, or nearly three a month, a saving
of at least fifteen hundred deer, for each
lion is credited with the destruction of a
deer a week, all the year round. This
means that every deer saved costs the
state of California one dollar and thirtythree
and one-third cents, to say nothing
of the antelope—of which California has
the largest herd in existence, on the
Dome Reservation—or of the mountain
sheep, the grouse, the rabbits, and the
domestic animals which each year are destroyed
by the lions.
Bruce is an unbound volume of mountain-lion
lore. He has killed, all told,
since he commenced hunting them, one
hundred and twenty of the great cats, and
the Fish and Game Commission accepts
him as an authority on the mountain lion,
which is the largest cat in North America
north of the Rio Grande, and larger than
the average jaguar, or tigre of Mexico
and Central and South America, though
an occasional jaguar is larger than the
largest mountain lion. In 1919, Bruce
Mountain Lion Kittens Caught by Mr. Bruce in
California
77

7S ILLUSTRATED WORLD
killed 26 lions, in 1920, he shot 30, and
34 fell to his rifle in 1921, so that he is
steadily improving in skill.
In wild deer herds, the does are about
five times as numerous as the bucks, so
that the mountain lion has five chances to
one of killing a doe, and thus leaving the
fawn or fawns to starve to death. Records
show that most of the deer killed by
Jay Bruce, the Lion Hunter; Ely, His Favorite
Airedale, and a 160-Pound Lion Shot by Bruce
the mountain lions are from the breeding
stock.
Bruce upsets most of the accepted beliefs
about mountain lions. "They are
not cowards," he says. "No matter what
the rest of the world may say about him,
the mountain lion dies fighting, and the
odds against him make no difference.
Where the whipped black or brown bear
will cover his face with his paws and
whimper like a baby, the mountain lion
does not even know that he is whipped ;
he goes down fighting with teeth and
claws, defying all the dogs in the pack,
until he is torn to pieces, or until the
hunter puts a bullet in his fearless heart.
A female mountain lion, near her kittens,
is a dangerous enemy, even to man,
though the mountain lion never follows
or attacks a man, unless first attacked by
him."
Old tales of the screaming "panthers"
of Pennsylvania—which were and are
mountain lions—are set at naught by
Bruce, when he says: "I have never
heard a mountain lion scream. I have
never known a man or woman who had
heard a mountain lion scream and knew
that the source of the scream was a
mountain lion. But I have seen a party
of campers sit in thrills of delicious fright
at the quavering bray of a young burro,
translated to them by one of their number
as the 'screams of a mountain lion.' As
a matter of fact, the mountain lion makes
no sound, except a hiss when treed, and
a growl when fighting."
Due to Bruce's winnowing of the California
mountains in search of these destructive
animals, the ranges of the mountain
lions in the state have been well
mapped. "From information received
from all sources, hunters, cattlemen.
ranchers, and trappers," says Bruce, "it
is known that the range of the mountain
lion on the western slope of the Sierra
Nevada, between Siskiyou county, in
northern California, and Kern county, in
central California, is confined to a
straight belt, about fifteen miles wide, at
an elevation averaging four thousand
feet above sea level. The same elevation
will apply to the range of the mountain
lion in the Coast Range mountains. All
the country above or below this belt can
be eliminated for all practical mountain
lion hunting purposes.
"The mountain lion does not habitually
follow some of the deer to the higher
mountains in the summer and down to
the lower foothills in the winter, as I
have seen stated in books. The 'lion belt'
I have mentioned is so well defined in the
Sierra Nevada that we can draw a
straight line through the center of the
The Favorite Dog for This Hunting Is a Dark Red
Fox Hound
belt, from a point in Siskiyou county to
a point in Kern county, and it would be
possible for an experienced mountain lion

hunter to camp along this line and kill
approximately every 'panther' on the
western slope of the Sierra. Of course,
a mountain lion occasionally will stray
out of this belt, but he soons returns, for
his birthplace and his natural home are
there, amid the surroundings he knows
best and from which he knows best how
to draw his food supply.
"The mountain lion probably selects
this belt because it is the natural home
of the deer. The variety of ceanothus,
commonly called 'deer brush,' which is
the principal food of the deer, grows in
abundance in this belt, between three
thousand and five thousand feet in elevation.
The deer which summer higher,
winter here, and those that winter lower,
summer here, so that this area is the best
and most frequented area for them. In
other words, the maximum number of
deer—the 'center of the deer population,'
so to speak—is to be found in this belt.
For this reason, the lioness selects a cave
well within this area of plentiful food
supply, in which to bear and rear her
young. She usually gives birth to two or
three kittens and, occasionally, four,
though sometimes only one. Many females
do not mate every year, so that a
probable average is one kitten to each
adult female every year. The lair usually
is located in a hole in a cliff, or bluff, or
in some pile of large boulders, which furnishes
not only shelter for the lioness and
her kittens, but concealment and protection
for the cubs when they begin to
romp about.
"These kittens are born—in this belt at
least—in February, April, August or November.
The mother nurses them for
about two months, and probably also
brings them food in her stomach during
that period. After they are weaned, she
makes a kill, and moves the kittens to it,
leaving them alone to eat it, while she
goes out on another hunt. Thus, she continues
moving the kittens from kill to kill
until thev are about six months old, and
weigh about thirty-five pounds for the
females and fifty pounds for the males.
The mother then abandons them for all
time, though the cubs continue to hunt
together for a few months. Then they.
too, senarate. selecting different 'beats,'
but still in the same belt, where conditions
are suited to the life and methods
A Large Male Mountain Lion Up a Tree, Chased
There by Bruce's Dogs
of hunting they learned from their
mother. The full-grown male lion weighs
from one hundred and forty to one hundred
and sixty pounds, and measures
from six and one-half to seven and onehalf
feet from tip of nose to tip of tail.
The females are considerably smaller,
weighing from ninety to one hundred and
five pounds, and measuring from six to
seven feet from tip to tip."
And here goes another illusion, tradition,
or rumor, about the mountain lion,
when Bruce says:
"The adult male mountain lion accompanies
the female only during the mating
period, and does not help to feed or care
for the young. Mountain lions do not
make their kills by lying in wait on the
limbs of trees and springing from them
onto the backs of animals passing beneath.
In fact, I have never known of a
mountain lion climbing a tree, except to
avoid or escape the dogs. The lions tirelessly
stalk their quarry on the ground,
taking advantage of every bit of cover,
no matter how small, and make their kill
at the end of a final rush, usually about
tC.oilHniued'On pagf li*},)

With Two Hundred and
Fifty Pounds on His Chest
and His Back Down on
About Two Hundred and
Fifty Nails Tom Cameroni
Showed How "Tough" He
Really Is. This Happened
on the Steps of San Francisco's
City Hall
80
Albert Mertes,
of Cincinnati,
Has
a Hobby of
Curious MusicalInstruments.
A
Stick With a
Saw Edge
Vib rates a
Small Hammer
Attached
to the Wire
and Makes a
Noise Like a
Drum
A New Watch-like
Weather Indicator
Made in England
•to
l( fl
?v* ^__i
X»_Jff
~~£&
______f____B' : - _H ____; --^^_M__
_____Bf_* ' ' ' _
£" §9
?'- _* fl
_%^__r- J.____G
IF- \_^
1
n Hff ^ "^
/..-.< %< ^Hj
J \ _-_J
•Sf'jjfc
J ' AW-^M
_•
•^
Heretofore Drummers Regulated
Their Instruments
Before Each Performance
by Means of Small Hand
Screws. With This Wheel
the Drum Can Be Regulated
in Tone While It Is
Being Played
Instead of Investing Their Money or Putting
It in Banks, the Natives of India
Lavish It on Heaps of Jewelry

History of Elephants in Clay
W H A T is declared to be the most
complete representation of the
evolution of the elephant from the
earliest stages has been executed by Dr.
F. C. Clark, president of the Southern
California Academy of Sciences, Los
Angeles. He is an authority and his
portrayal is in the form of a herd of
miniature pachyderms carved in sugarpine
wood and modeled in clay with astonishing
fidelity and showing with scientific
accuracy the development of this
huge beast from the remote Eocene
period to the present. So clear is the
process anatomically presented that the
progress of the elephantine race from
unnumbered millions of years ago can be
readily traced step by step to the present
living genera.
Dr. Clark has devoted years to the exacting
task, and now it is attracting recognition
throughout the world. He
taught comparative anatomy and comparative
physiology in college for manyyears
and is eminently qualified for the
task before him—for he yet has much to
do. He believes that by bringing out in
such a way that anybody can understand
it the development of the elephant he
will make easy the demonstration of all
evolution.
Dr. Clark's group, now ten and mainly
of wood, will number sixteen when complete
and will be entirely of clay in order
to bring out the most perfect detail of
anatomy. This is not possible in woodcarving
though the results achieved appear
marvelous to the layman. It will
be judged by the most critical scientists,
and must be flawless in all respects. It
will be of inestimable value for use in
Dr. F. C. Clark. President Southern California Academy of Sciences, and His
Interesting Herd of Wood and Clay Elephants
lecture rooms and the present "herd" already
has been lent to a number of
educational institutions throughout the
country.
Originally the Southern California
scientist, who heads an organization with
a membership of four hundred and fifty,
undertook his unique task as a side line
and merely for diversion. He became
more and more interested, received encouragement
from educators who had
occasion to observe the work, and gradually
it assumed extreme importance. It
is expected to militate more than anything
ever attempted toward bringing
about general knowledge of the largest
of living beasts.
81

Here We See Oil Migrating Under Laboratory Conditions.
to an Outlet
Oil Will Move Great Distances
The Wanderlust of Petroleum
B y D H
IN no other mining or drilling activity
is the saying "he who hesitates is lost"
better illustrated than in the oil business
; for the operator who dillydallies or
neglects to tap his oil domes as quickly as
his neighbor frequently learns that
nearby wells have spouted a goodly portion
of the oil which should have been his.
Oil is as nomadic in its inclination and
wanderings as the primitive redskins. It
is here today and gone tomorrow. Rapidly
it seeps away from the locality of its
origin as soon as adjacent wells are sunk.
Where adjoining properties are being
drilled, the one recourse open to the
owner of oil land is to tap and pump his
supplies of oil as rapidly as he can. Only
by such expedients can he prevent the
vagrant oil from straying away to the
pipe lines of his competitors.
Recently Uncle Sam has learned to his
sorrow that it does not pay to consider
oil resources safe just because they are
underground. The U. S. Navy has lost
untold millions of dollars worth of oil
during recent years through neglect to
tap the oil domes of her reserves in California.
These reserves were set aside by
special congressional action during the
82
GEORGE
period from 1910 to 1915 as emergency
stores for the potential provisioning of
the Government's naval craft. Unfortunately
these reserve fields were located in
oil-producing areas wdiere many private
properties have latterly been drilled for
production. The sinking of wells on adjacent
areas has acted like a magnet and
attracted heavy drainage from the Government
reserves to the private gushers.
During the war, the Navy Department
neglected to fortify its oil reserves
against such underground losses. Failure
to drill protective wells prior to 1921 has
resulted in losses of ultimate total production
conservatively estimated at twentytwo
million barrels of oil, of which the
Government's royalty share would have
amounted to nearly seven million barrels
worth about nine million dollars.
These losses can never be recovered.
One of the laws of the' oil fields like the
game laws of the wilds is that the oil belongs
to the owner of the well through
which it leaves the ground irrespective
of how large an area that same oil may
have wandered through before it sought
the surface. This regulation is quite similar
to the old English hunting rule that

no matter how many estates a
deer crossed in its flight it became
the property of the owner
of the land on which it was
killed. The experienced oil men
appreciating these facts are
never slow about coming forward
and getting busy when it
comes to a question of tapping
new properties. It is only when
an oil-bearing area has not been
tapped and has no producing
wells along its borders that it is
possible to conserve the oil underground.
The oil has strayed away from
the naval reserves in California
to the neighboring producing
wells of private owners in about
the same manner that vinegar
would seep from a barrel that
has a large crack in the bottom.
According to the say-so experts of the
Bureau of Mines, delay in drilling into
an oil structure after the productive sand
has been opened up close by may cause
losses of from 5 to 50 per cent in the
ultimate amount of oil produced from the
future wells.
Oil is a kind of subterranean tramp that
goes when and where it pleases after it is
released from captivity by the opening of
a well in its vicinity. It always moves
toward the well where the pressure is being
released, passes through the deep
layers of sand, following a zigzagging,
crisscrossing course, propelled by the expansive
force of the gas, ever searching
for the opening at the well through which
it may spout or be pumped to the surface.
Under the enormously high subterranean
pressure—it amounts to more than one
thousand pounds per square inch in some
fields—the gas at first occurs absorbed in
the oil just as the gas occurred absorbed
in the bottled beer which most of us used
to enjoy. Drill a well or pull the cork
and in either case the fluid flows forth
until the gas pressure expended itself.
Even though millions of barrels of oil
remain underground, the propulsive force
is gone—the beer is flat. Thus the original
wells which are drilled to the reservoir
sands operate under high pressure
while those drilled after the gas pressure
has been reduced make a much smaller
initial production,
ILLUSTRATED WORLD S<
The Movement of Oil. Note That the Arrows Show the Oil
Moving from a Dead Well Toward One That Is Flowing
One of the leading engineers of the
Federal Bureau of Mines who recently
made a thorough survey of many oil wells
in Oklahoma, Louisiana and California
has this to say about oil losses due to deferred
drilling: "During the early life
of a pool, wells are brought in with large
initial production. As the pool gets older,
a marked decrease in the initial productions
of new wells occurs due to the fall
in gas pressure. Naturally, a loss in recovery
of oil per acre results and is due
largely to the drainage of gas and oil.
This drainage factor—the straying away
of gadabout oils—is of great importance
to the operator if his property has not
been protected properly by line wells. In
order to obtain the maximum amount of
oil from a tract in a pool where there
are other operators, a fast drilling program
is necessary, thus facilitating the
development of wells of large initial and
ultimate production."
In three Oklahoma oil fields, losses in
the total recovery of oil from adjoining
wells varied from 5 to 53 per cent when
all the conditions were similar except the
time of drilling. In one case a certain
well was drilled just one year later than
a neighboring gusher. The well that was
first drilled had an initial production of
5,785 barrels while the other well yielded
only 2,700 barrels. Delay of only twelve
months in drilling caused a loss of 3,085
{Continued on page 143)

Getting Dividends Out of the Wind
B y E H MANSFIELD
IT'S no new thing, this making the
wind turn a wheel that gives power.
Windmills are so old that the first
ones were used back before history gives
the details. We do know that they were
used as far back as the twelfth centuryhow
much farther
no one knows. Of
course, those old
ones were of the
c rudest sort ; in
fact, the crude type
w as used until
quite recent ly—
you've seen the
kitnl —a winged
disk with a longtail
sticking out in
the back at right
angles, looking for
all the world like a
misplaced wagon
w heel decorated
for a parade.
Within the last
few years have
sprung up altogether
different
kinds of windmills,
and the latest one
bears hardly a trace
of likeness to its
ancestors. Supported
on a strong,
slim support of
steel and iron is a
cylindrical metal
vanes against the wind. The cylinder is
placed exactlv in the center of the tower,
so that all stress is perfectly balanced, the
wheel serving to act in the same manner
as a gyroscope.
The'advantages of this type of wheel
are greater power.
stronger construction,
no loss of
power, and no
strain on the tower
or mill caused by
variable wind currents
as in the old
type of mills.
The wheel is
used for furnishing
electric light
and power, water
service, irrigation,
feed grinding.
power for small
shops or garages,
and other jobs
requiring power
around the farm.
A small plant
with a twelve-foot
wheel delivers ten
horsepower w i t h
the wind blowing
at twenty or more
miles an hour. The
plant operates with
a wind velocity of
The In ved Wind-Machine That Puts the Breeze
to Work at Making Power
four miles an hour.
Batteries can be
wheel resembling a
charged when the
water wheel. It is . jailed the "Cyclone wind is blowing at seven miles per hour.
Turbine Wheel," not because it takes a A larger plant can be used to furnish
cyclone to turn it—it will run with the power for several homes in a community
wind at four miles an hour—but because and also furnish current for lights. The
its peculiar construction creates a circular service is automatically controlled, keep­
wind pressure inside the wheel, this cying the batteries charged without attenclonic
action drawing the air currents in tion ; the dynamo charges up to a certain
at both top and bottom of the wheel, as predetermined limit and is then discon­
well as at the open quarters at the side. nected. In localities where continual
and throwing the discharged air from breezes prevail the power may be used
tbe vanes toward the wind to the vanes direct from the dynamo; in case the
against the wind and thus making the amount generated is more than is needed.
same current serve to push against two the surplus is fed into the batteries to be
vanes on opposite sides of the cylinder. stored up to fill in when the generated
This also lessens the resistance of those current falls below normal.
M

Lotus of the Mississippi
The Largest and s the Most
Beautiful Wild Flower CX_ of the
United States—the Flower of
Legend, History, Worship,
Architecture, Painting and
Ancient Symbolism
By WYMAN SMITH
AS the Mississippi flows southward
tt> the gulf, it bears with
its current occasional round,
acorn-shaped seeds whirled into the
main stream from some quiet lagoon,
pool or lake. During the late fall those
seeds wave in the air. rattle in the
sprinkling-can tops, and are either pried
loose by some fastidious wild duck in
search of an elegant meal, or by hard
gusts of the wind.
Such is the seed distribution system of
the American Yellow Lotus, largest of
wild flowers in the United States, and
so rare a beauty it has been christened
with the most famous flower name in the
world's history. High above the surface
of the water waves the blossom of this
majestic flower, a yellow jewel ten inches
or more in diameter, set in great olive
green pads often more than two feet
across. In nearly every state east of the
Rockies, in Canada and Cuba, may be
found this queen of the quiet waters, presiding
over the white water lily, yellow
cow lily, hosts of grasses, rushes and
algae which frequent marshy gumbo bot-
PJJ \
u
— ' *" J^a\*^\
• - X *
_2r -
_T" * _-*
"T
I Leaves One to
P Two Feet in Diameter
Surround
the Yellow Blooms
toms. And when the sun gleams across
a great field of Nelumbo, when the lilies
toss in the tinted sunlight and blend into
a mosaic of yellow and green with the
brilliant verdant leaves tossing in the
breeze, he who has paused and seen never
forgets the awesome, exquisite beauty of
the lotus.
"Lotus" indeed, is not the true name,
but it has become popular, and with it
has accordingly been associated the
legends and romantic symbolism of the
Egyptian lotus. For lotus in Egypt was
the lily of the gods and of worship.
Artists painted the design upon the floors
of the temples and the tombs, architects
\$_f-
\Pt&aiftat\*.:
"'SUP*"'"*•""*%.
-

86 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Tuber and Seed Pods of the Largest of
American Flowers
wrought its symbol into ornaments, pillars,
and sculptures so that its beauty
might go onward with the dead into the
heaven which he built in duplicate upon
the earth. Assuredly the king wanted to
be eternally reminded of that sapphire
(the true lotus is blue, pink or white)
brilliance, and thus live as happily in the
tomb as he had in the fair land of the
Nile. Of the Sun-god Horus it is said,
"He opens his eyes and illuminates the
world. The Gods rise from his eyes and
the men from his mouth, and all things
of the world are through him when he
rises brilliant from the lotus." Yet again
in the "Book of the Dead" may be found
the reference, "I am a pure lotus, issue of
the field of the sun."
Not alone has the beauty of the lotus
permeated Egypt, but from that original
civilization its message was carried to
the far corners of the world, to Greece,
Babylon, Assyria, India, China and
Japan. There again it wrought upon the
imagination of the artists and the philosophers.
Pythagoras, the Greek, believed
that men's souls dwelt within the lotus,
and in India Buddha is seated upon an
open lotus listening to the prayer of the
faithful which begins, "O God, the jewel
of the lotus," while among the Orientals
it is the emblem of the world, for
Brahma, springing into life from Vishnu,
alighted on a lotus and from that pedestal
commanded all worlds into being.
Nor did the Bible escape a reference.
"Cast thy bread upon the water and thou
shaft find it after many days," refers to
the custom of throwing lotus seeds
wrapped in clay into the water to produce
the future plantations from which seed
was gathered and made into bread for
the people.
Yet not alone is the American lotus
useful for its beauty. Indians of former
days used its seed pods for rattles, ate
its roots, which taste much like sweet
potatoes, and ground the seeds into flour
for bread-making. So prolific indeed is
the lotus when once started and when left
undisturbed by its enemy, the muskrat,
that one recent writer has even suggested
the possibility of raising the lotus seeds
and tubers for the market. A new kind
of farming that would be indeed; but it
is not unlikely and would not be different
from that already employed in Asiatic
countries.
As early as 1860, Dr. Engelman, vicepresident
of the Academy of Science, St.
Louis, read a paper in which he wrote:
"The tubers and seed of Nelumbo are
edible and highly nutritive, both being
replete with amylum, but they have been
eaten only by the aborigines. The boiled
seeds closely resemble chestnuts in taste.
Some of the largest tubers, obtained
about the end of September, I had
cooked. They were not done as soon as
potatoes, and retained much more firmness.
Baked they were much more palatable
than boiled, and had a pleasant,
sweet and mealy taste, resembling that of
sweet potatoes. They had no taste of the
pond bottom in which they grew."
Thus grows the most beautiful lily in
its rare surroundings, and while we
today admire its beauty, drive miles to
see it growing and even pick an occasional
blossom from its multitude, we
may yet learn to employ this wonder
flower for the common uses of life.
How Glass Decays
"WISITORS to the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New York are aware,
while admiring the iridescence of the
glass bottles, plates and other ancient
articles discovered in Cyprus, that the
prismatic hues displayed are a result of
the decay of the glass. When disintegration
sets in, the substance of the glass
splits into exceedingly thin laminae
which, as the sunlight traverses them,
gives rise to a splendid play of colors.
Like the leaves of a forest these delicate
glasses signalize their approaching dissolution
by becoming more beautiful.

Crankless Movie Camera Anyone Can Use
P R O B A B L Y everyone will remember
the lazy man who said his idea of a
good job was that of station caller
on an ocean liner—"New York, London
next," and then clown into the hold to
play Rip Van Winkle for a couple of
weeks. Well, that same man ought to
get a heavy
thrill when he
hears that a
new moving
picture camera
has been invented,
said
camera requiring
no handcranking
to roll
the film over
the photographic
lens.
All that is nece
s s a r y is to
hold the came
r a in the
hands and locate
the object
being filmed
with the finder
at the side.
There is also a
little door at
the side which,
when opened,
serves as the
means of securing
the correct focus. A spring propels
the film and at the same time opens
and closes the shutter.
Besides taking moving pictures without
cranking, the machine is also used for
taking snap shots and time exposures. A
small button at the bottom of the camera
regulates the different exposures for
time, snap shots or moving pictures.
The camera weighs less than four
pounds, is four inches wide, six and a
half inches deep, and is fitted with a highgrade
lens capable of producing results
equaling the professional motion-picture
outfit, but costing much less. Standard
width films are used and there are four
perforations on each side of every exposure,
making it possible to project the
By JOSEPH G. BUSH
pictures thus made on any standard motion-picture
machine. Negatives taken
with the camera are so full of detail, so
sharp and clear that enlargements made
from them turn out unusually well.
Loading is accomplished in daylight by
means of special metal magazines, six of
which are supplied
with each
camera. The
camera accommodates
fifteen
and a half feet
of film, allowing
two hundred
and fifty
exposures, o r
sixteen to each
foot. The film
is moved from
one negative to
the other at the
rate of one foot
each second.
This new
camera is exceedinglyuseful
because of
i t s ability to
take motion
pictures and at
the same time
be ready for
regular photographs
when
desired. Besides this, the camera is exceedingly
small and is easily packed in a
grip or carried in the hand or pocket.
Simply by Pressing a Button the Small Pocket Camera Can Be
Made to Take Time Exposures, Snap Shots or Regulation Movie
Films
Naming Colors
•"THE difficulty and confusion in naming
tints and shades has led to a suggestion
that the tints shall be named on
the principle of "boxing the compass"—
thus: "Red, red by blue, red red blue,
red blue by red, red blue, red blue by
blue," and so forth. The same system
is suggested for the shades from blue to
yellow, and from yellow to red. It
sounds fanciful, but such ideas are not
to be rejected simply because they are
novel and strike one at first as grotesque.
87

One of the Most Impressive Reminders ol
the World War Is "Bayonet Trench" Near
Verdun
Fourteen Pounds and One
Ounce of Babies Was What
Mr. Al Kaufman, of Washington,
D. C, Saw When He
Asked the Nurse. "Boy or
Girl?' "Both," Said She,
"Two Girls and One Boy."
x».. fiSttS&fcfe'
A Western Dealer in Automobile Parts Spent Some Time in
Making This Miniature Racing Car from Worn-out Bearings
The Famous Crucifixion Stone of the Keiv Cathedral Is One of
the Few Treasures Which Have Been Spared by the Russians
Emile Berliner's American Helicopter Has a Tilting Propellor
Which Takes the Plane Straight Up from the Ground and Then
Drives It Forward

By HARRISON R. BOLTON
Seattle's Example for Seaports
IN 1911, Seattle, which has always responded
in unstinted measure to the
urge of big developments, saw its
opportunity to become a pattern in port
development for the entire country. It
was quick to seize the opportunity, and
the wonderful strides in harbor-making
and freight-handling made by the energetic
Pacific Coast city during the last
ten years furnish a striking object lesson
to the other seaboard cities of the United
States.
By act of legislature in 1911 Seattle
formed a municipal corporation known as
the Port Commission and set to work.
It went to the state, but not for money.
It simply asked for legislative authority
to release its own spirit of enterprise.
The West is the land of the pioneer, so
it is.not surprising that Seattle, youngest
metropolitan city in the United States,
inaugurated an experiment in port development
and control which seems destined
to have far-reaching and significant
effects in connection with the future
organization of large leading seaports.
At present the Seattle municipality
owns and operates sixteen million dollars
worth of harbor facilities, does a thriving
business, pockets the profits, and is reaching
out for more. Its shipping board is
working with one of the Pacific shipowning'
concerns for one of the abandoned
war-time ship-yard sites to cost
six million dollars more. Without this
addition the municipality can boast of
two units in its harbor accommodations
—two piers, to handle twenty ships at
once—the most ambitious thing of its
kind in any port in the world.
With its five thousand miles of coast
Government Canal and Locks Connecting Fresh and
Salt Water Harbor at Seattle
89

''0 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Lake Union, One of the Fresh Water Harbors of Seattle,
nected with the Ocean by Canal and Locks
line there are but eight natural havens
of commerce of first rank in the United
States. Of these eight great natural seaports
none exceeds and only one or two
equal the harbor of Seattle, located
on Puget Sound, the largest
land-locked body of water in
the United States. The harbor
of Seattle could ask for little
which nature has not conferred.
It has the main harbor, Elliott
Bay, which has never required
dredging, connected up with two
great fresh-water lakes, Lakes
Union and Washington, by the
largest ship canal in the United
States. These, with an artificial
waterway extending through the
industrial heart of the city at the
south, make Seattle practically
an island, similar to Manhattan
Island, New York. In Seattle,
as in New York, every side of
the city fronts upon navigable water, a
harbor with a total water frontage, capable
of development, two hundred miles
in extent. The harbor of Seattle is large
enough to accommodate the navies of the
world. With a minimum depth of one
hundred and fifty-six feet in Puget
Sound, the largest ships in service may
make port and find berthage without the
aid of pilot or tow.
The ship canal connecting lakes Union
and Washington was constructed by Seattle
and the Federal Government by
joint enterprise in 1917. The direct result
of joining these lakes to Puget
Sound was to create a sheltered inner
harbor where ships may unload without
inconvenience from the rise and fall of
tides, where they may be freed of
marine growths, or stored when
not in use. This is a feature not
possessed by any other port in
the country. A recommendation
has already been laid before the
War Department for widening
the canal to a width of three hundred
feet, with a minimum depth
of thirty-seven feet at low tide,
and for building new locks capable
of holding the largest cargo
carriers afloat, the present locks
having a capacity for vessels up
to 780 feet long.
When a freighter berths at the
municipal docks of Seattle, it finds every
modern convenience in the way of equipment
at hand; piers and cargo sheds, concrete
warehouses for general storage,
Seattle Has the World's Largest Ocean Pier, Capable of Berthing
Eight 535-foot Vessels
cold-storage plants, a grain elevator with
a capacity of a million bushels on the edge
of tidewater, an icing plant, large reservoirs
and other arrangements for the
storage of Oriental oils in bulk, moorings,
basins, and a special harbor set
aside for the great fishing fleet which
yearly combs the waters of Puget Sound
and Alaska.
The tanks provided for the storage of
vegetable and fish oils of the Orient have
a capacity of one million six hundred
thousand gallons and are equipped with
numerous pipe lines, dumping tables and
centrifugal pumps. Plans are now under
way for the installation of an automatic
conveyor system and can-cutting machines
which will increase the speed and

educe the cost
of handling
and bulking the
millions of
cases of oil
passing over
the port's oil
dock annually.
No port
profits by trade
in shipping if
it is nothing
but an entry
point for incoming
goods
that is promptly
scattered to
manufacturing
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 91
Seattle's Municipal Grain Elevator, with a Capacity of One Million Bushels. This
Structure Is on the Edge of Tidewater
or consuming centers mately elsewhere. half a mile Its port in length and three
facilities must be backed by industries for hundred and sixty-five and three hundred
converting the raw materials received into and ten feet wide, respectively. Each
finished wealth. Accordingly, the farsighted
Port Commission of Seattle
bought a considerable acreage of land
convenient to the harbor in order to encourage
such industries. Thus far seven
piers have been constructed by means of
this novel community effort. All of them
are larger than the average ocean terminal
in other ports of the world, while two
of them, Smith Cover Piers A and B,
outdo anything yet attempted in cargo
handling. They are the largest commercial
terminals of pier type to be found
anywhere in the world, the Antwerp and
Hamburg terminals being quay wharves
and, strictly speaking, not ocean piers.
These two piers are each approxihas
between four and five miles of railroad
trackage on which some three hundred
cars can be stored at one time.
Along the whole length of these piers,
on either side, two parallel tracks, within
reach of ship's sling, have been laid.
Thus, cargo can be loaded directly from
car to vessel, and the freight handled
almost entirely by mechanical means.
During the past eight years a large
percentage of cargo has been handled
direct at an average cost of around
twenty cents a ton. Pier A probably
excels any ocean terminal in the United
States in the amount and character of its
mechanical handling equipment. This
equipment consists of one 325-horsepower
gantry crane, one 125ton
steel shear-leg derrick, several
35-ton locomotive cranes,
one 12-ton stiff-leg derrick, and
a large amount of movable
equipment such as tractors and
trailers, portable incline conveyors,
portable stack elevators,
and other movable equipment.
The efficiency and economy
of handling cargo by the methods
employed on Pier A are
emphasized by instances such
as these: From the steamship
"City of Spokane" one thousand
seven hundred and thirty
Five Million Gallons of Soya Bean Oil from the Orient on Docks
at Seattle
tons, or five thousand seven
hundred and sixty-eight barrels
{Continued on page 135)

52
The World's First Radio Wedding
June being the month for beautiful, blushing brides, Miss Mabel
Brady and John H. Stone, of Dallas, Texas, decided to celebrate.
They did the same old thing that has been done in June for centuries—they
got married—but not in the same old way. To relieve
themselves of the long, nervous walk down the center aisle to the
waiting minister, they tuned in on their radio instruments with the
Reverend Thomas H. Harper, repeated the marriage vows and
capped the ceremony with a radio kiss. This was probably the
world's first radio wedding.
Incidentally, in accordance with the editorial policy of ILLUS­
TRATED WORLD to keep its readers constantly in touch with
the progress of events and the world's greatest achievements of the
past, present and future, our June cover showed that just such a
thing was likely to happen.

Aquatic Sports in Hawaii
By HAROLD H. YOST
"Catching" a Big One. Surf-riders Just as a Huge Wave Breaks. Showing Several of the Riders
in the Act of Rising to Their Feet
O F all the many things for which
Hawaii is noted, in fact as well as
in popular fancy, the most characteristic
is the outdoor life which dwellers
in our mid-Pacific island territory enjoy
throughout the year. Working or playing,
eating or sleeping, Hawaii's citizens
may truthfully be said to be constantlv
in the open air, dwelling houses, office
buildings and public edifices alike being
so constructed that they are constantly
open to the sweep of the invigorating
northerly trade winds which temper to an
almost ideal degree the climate of those
subtropical latitudes.
Situated thus in a region where the air
temperature at seashore seldom drops below
60 degrees, and surrounded by an
ocean whose shallow inshore waters range
in temperature from as low as 73 degrees
in the so-called winter months, to as high
as 82 degrees in July and August, it is but
natural that Hawaii should have developed
aquatic sports in all their forms to
the nth power, making of them what constituted
in the old days of the monarchy
the national pastime of the people, and
what is still the most universally enjoyed
outdoor recreation of the island people of
all races, classes and colors.
The center of things aquatic in Hawaii
is Honolulu, seat of the territorial government
and metropolis of the island
group. This is due in part to the fact
that Waikiki Beach is situated within the
city limits of Honolulu and partly, of
course, to the fact that Honolulu's eightysix
thousand inhabitants make of her the
natural center of activities for the territory.
As a beach Waikiki is nothing remarkable.
Not only is it surpassed in size
and extent by many of our mainland
beaches, but it has in these respects its
peers, if not its superiors, among the
many beaches which are to be found at
various places along the rather extensive
shore line of the eight principal islands
of the Hawaiian group.
The feature which has given to Waikiki
its fame and popularity and has made of
it a bathing place unlike any other to be
found the world over is its peculiar surf.
To those accustomed to sea bathing the
mention of surf at once calls to mind
great breakers crashing and rolling foaming
up a beach, providing excitement
spiced with danger for bathers. At
Waikiki this condition does not obtain.
Even at times of exceptionally high surf
the water close inshore is comparatively
calm, the surf proper extending from a
point between one and two hundred yards
off shore to a point varying from a half
to three-quarters of a mile seaw ? ard. This
convenient arrangement, affording for
children and weak swimmers a shallow
inshore bathing place which is perfectly
safe at all times, while at the same time
those who crave the indescribable thrills
of surf-riding are provided for, is due entirely
to the broad barrier reef of coral
which extends along the entire southern
coast of the island of Oahu, causing the
surf to "break" at a point far out from
shore, and at the same time protecting the
bathing beach from invasion by sharks.
93

94 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
A Lone Surf-rider Following the Break on a Wave
The sport of surf-riding, which has attained
its highest development at Waikiki
Beach, is the true Hawaiian "sport of
kings," and constitutes at the present time
the one distinctively Hawaiian sport.
Surf-riding, or surfing, has three
branches: canoe surfing, board surfing
and body surfing. Canoe surfing is the
form most generally indulged in by visitors
in Hawaii as well as by those who
have not the physical strength to enable
them to master the other two forms.
The canoes used are of the long, narrow,
single-outrigger type common to the
South Seas, whence presumably they
were originally brought to Hawaii. From
four to ten persons may be accommodated
in one of these canoes, which are propelled
by paddles of a much larger and
heavier type than those used in our light
Indian canoes. One skillful steersman
can handle such a canoe, though with a
load of inexperienced passengers two
men who are thoroughly familiar with
the many eccentricities of the rather unwieldy
craft generally accompany the
party.
Picture, then, a big canoe filled with a
merry, though in cases perhaps a bit nervous,
crowd, everybody wielding a paddle
more or less effectively, headed out from
the palm-fringed shore to where the "big
surf" tosses its foamy arms skyward and
races shoreward in a smother of swirling
white. Out beyond the farthest line of
breakers the canoe is paddled, out to
where the water is deep and blue and
perfectly smooth save for the long swells
which move silently shoreward across its
surface. Here the canoe is faced shoreward,
giving its occupants a chance to
look about at the other canoes which lie
near-by, or at the beauty of the tropical
shore with its backing of vividly colored,
cloud-capped mountains which rise directly
in back of the city.
Meanwhile the steersman holds his
gaze to seaward, watching with practiced
eye each incoming swell until at last one
comes which rears its crest higher than
the others. There is a shout of "Let's go,
everybody !" Amidst shouts and squeals
and a wild churning of the water, the
canoes get under way, gain speed, and in
a moment are flying through the water
Unaccountably the stern of the canoe
seems to lift, the craft gathers headway
until the strokes of the paddlers can no
longer keep pace with the rushing water,
there is a crash and a roar as the wave
A Typical Outrigger Canoe Used for Surf-riding at
Honolulu
breaks, and with spray flying from its
bow in such quantities as almost to
smother the occupant of the front seat,
the canoe rushes shoreward at expresstrain
speed, carried along before the
breaking wave. Onward it speeds, joined
at a point a hundred yards or more inshore
by a group of surf-board riders,
keeping on and on even after the quieter
waters are reached and the wave has lost
its first force. At last the wave ceases to
be, the canoe is swung around, and it's
"Everybody paddle!" again and out for
another thrilling ride.
The individual surf-rider with his
board has no such easy task as has the
ordinary passenger in an outrigger canoe.
The boards, which are roughly oval in
shape, with one end well pointed while
the other is sawed off square, are roughly
eight feet long and weigh as much as one
man cares to "hapai" on his shoulder.
The rider lies prone upon this board, his

ody so placed that his feet will just hangover
the squared end and trail in the
water, and propels the strange craft by
means of his outstretched arms and hands
acting as oars or paddles. In this manner
he makes his way out to the breakers,
moving faster than a man can swim.
At this point it is necessary for the
surfer to know from long experience just
where the suitable waves may be expected
to break, and there to take position,
lying prone or sitting upright, legs
astraddle, upon the board, watching for a
wave of the proper size to come up behind
him. When the right wave comes
the surfer, lying prone upon his board,
paddles shoreward, using a short, fast
stroke which will give him a maximum
speed. Behind him the wave rises, lifting
his board and slanting it at a perilous
angle forward.
Here the utmost skill is required, for
any holding back will cause the board to
lose its place on the face of the wave and
to slip tamely back behind its crest and
into the following trough, while improper
handling in another manner may cause
the nose of the board to dip under water,
sending board and rider straight to the
bottom in what is known as a "nose dive,"
a most uncomfortable experience, particularly
for the novice. Handled properly
at this critical juncture, however, the
board slips swiftly down the face of the
A Small Outrigger Canoe Traveling Before a Wave
breaking wave, the rider leaping to his
feet meantime and poising himself upon
the board, steering its shoreward rush by
slight shiftings of his weight from side
to side.
In order to gain speed, skillful riders
"slide" their boards across the face of the
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 95
Duke S. Kahanamoku, Hawaii's Swimming Champion,
Caught in a Splendid Dive
wave, thus adding the momentum of the
diagonal movement to that of the forward
motion before the wave. In this manner
the more expert are sometimes able to
traverse more than a quarter of a mile,
guiding their boards in such a manner as
to "follow the break" as it progresses
along the crest of the wave. Minor mishaps
with boards are common occurrences,
and occasionally some damage in
the way of bumps and abrasions is done
by a board which evades its rider and
runs wild in the surf, but serious accidents
are practically unknown.
Body surfing, the third form of this
exciting sport, is comparatively uncommon,
though at times when there is good
surf close in to shore it is quite popular
among those who have the knack which is
essential to its successful accomplishment.
In brief, body surfing is similar to surfing
on a board, the surfer gaining his
momentum by straight swimming, after
which his body is held as rigid as possible
while it plows through the water in front
of the wave. It is a splendid exercise and
a most exhilarating sport, but is lacking
in the features which impart the thrills
to canoe and board surfing.
With a heritage brought down to him
from an almost amphibious ancestry, the
Hawaiian youth of today still excels at
surf-riding and kindred sports, although
he is being hard-pressed by his lighterskinned
brothers who take to the water
with the aptitude of the proverbial duck.
The first Hawaiians are thought to have
made their way to their present home in
huge canoes many times the size of the

96 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
\^£t-.ky!L&j»l*±
Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, Where the Distinctive Sport of Surf-riding Has Reached Its Highest Development
present-day outrigger canoes, coming up
across the line from the islands of the
distant South Seas.
From earliest days they have been dependent
for a large part of their daily
bread upon sea food of all sorts. This
has resulted in the development of unusual
qualities of endurance in the water,
there being even now stories of old
I lawaiians who in their younger days
could remain under water for minutes at
a time, and who could keep themselves
afloat for practically an indefinite period.
The old Hawaiian kings developed the
sport of surf-riding, using boards which,
preserved in museum collections, are the
source of wondering amazement to the
present generation of surfers because of
their huge dimensions and weight.
For many years it was thought that the
white man could never master the art of
handling a surf-board, and not until a decade
and a half ago, when the now famous
Outrigger Canoe Club was organized at
Waikiki Beach, was the sport generally
taken up by the light-skinned races in
Hawaii. At present surf-riding is indulged
in by boys and girls of all races,
and of almost all ages, advanced years
being apparently no bar to the enjoyment
of water sports in Hawaii's tempered
ocean.
With such beaches as that at Waikiki
affording ample opportunity for indulgence
in sea bathing, one might think that
swimming tanks would be practically unknown
in Hawaii. Such is not the case,
however. A number of splendid freshwater
tanks are maintained at Honolulu
and elsewhere in the islands, many of
them at schools and other institutions,
while many of the homes of wealthier cit­
izens are equipped with tanks. Almost
without exception such swimming tanks
are entirely out-of-doors, without even a
roof above them, although sometimes provision
is made for temporary roofing as
protection against the rather frequent
rain showers which occur.
For a boy or girl to be unable to swim
is so unusual in Hawaii that such a child,
if more than seven or eight years of age,
would almost become an object of public
curiosity. Needless to say. the effect of
this universal indulgence in aquatic sports
is to produce boys and girls with the
slender but well-rounded physique of the
swimmer, with skins browned and tinted
with the glow of health—a strong, vigorous
generation well fitted to carry on
the work of the world.
While Waikiki Beach has about it the
charm of romance and of beautiful surroundings,
there is another swimming
place at Honolulu which is no less familiar
to members of the swimming fraternity,
although its surroundings are not
such as would give to it the world-wide
fame enjoyed by Waikiki. I refer to a
strip of water on Honolulu's harbor waterfront
which is known simplv as the
"Transport Slip," a name arising from
the use of the piers on either side of this
slip for the docking of United States
army transports. Over the hundred-yard
course for which there is just sufficient
room in tbis historic old slip, an astounding
number of world swimming records
have been set, more, perhaps, than over
any other one course in the country.
With the single exception of Weismuller,
the youthful Chicago star, practically
every swimmer of world note has
{Continued on page 1 U)

Nature's Big Sponge
By W I L L A R D D. M O R G A N
IN Southern California where water is s ditches and sent over the vast area. At
measured by inches, and where land i the bottom there is a return ditch to
without water is worth very little, :, carry the overflow back into the original
there must be some means to conserve e course.
At times these streams, or washes, are
raging rivers, while again, they drop to
small streams, and during the summer
disappear altogether. Thus it is very
important to conserve all the water possible
and allow it to seep into the
ground immediately, and prevent waste.
Then, during the summer the hundreds
of pumps in the valley are well supplied
for the dry season.
the winter's rainfall for the dry summer
months. From May until October of
each year the land owners depend upon
the underground water supply.
Many check dams and large reservoirs
have been constructed in the canyons to
hold back the terrific flood waters of the
winter storms, which would rush to the
Pacific and be lost so far as utility is
concerned. A recent development to
prevent this waste has been the construction
of a natural sponge on the north of
Pomona Valley to take in the flood
waters from San Antonio Canyon.
This water from the melting snow or
rains is distributed over nearly 800 acres
of rock and sandy land covered with sage
brush. The land keeps soaking up
nearly 100,000 inches of water at times.
By means of the concrete distributing
gates the water is divided at the head
The Sponge, Showing Main Stream and Distributing
Ditches. Top, Left—Head Gate for Dividing Water
Into Ditches. Below—Return Ditch to Carry Overflow
Water Back to Its Original Course
97

£ GENERAL SUPPLIES-PAINTS
'\-mtM -
A Fleet of Stores, Similar to This One, Is
Floating in New York Harbor Selling Marine
Equipment to the Fishermen
When a Pedestrian Is Struck by an Automobile
Having One of These New Fenders,
the Victim Is Picked Up and Carried Along
Without Danger of More Harm
98
Perambulator Propelled Four Miles an Hour
by a Small Gasoline Motor Attached to an
Extra Wheel on Which There Are Platforms
for the Nurse to Stand
The "Bob-o-lite" Flashes a Little Light When the
_" Fish Is Hooked. The Fish Cant See the Light,
but the Fisherman Can

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
WHERE DO YOU SPEND YOUR VACATIONS?
The Mountain of the Great Snow
By EARLE W. G A G E
M O U N T Rainier National Park has
t r u 1 y been termed "America's
finest natural park." Under its
alluring spell we really feel that we are
in the throne room of the monarch mountain
of the United States.
Much has been said and volumes
written of the wonders of European
mountains and lake scenery, but all that
has given Switzerland her fame actually
dwindles into insignificance when compared
with the beauty and grandeur to
be found in this wonder park country of
Washington.
Mount Rainier, the crowning glory of
that state's wonderland, rises immeasurably
in its impressive majesty above
the world-famed Alpine heights. Mont
Blanc, renowned and storied though it
be, can conijDare only with the lesser
peaks of Mount Rainier, while the gla­
One of the Great Spectacles of America Is Mount Rainier Glistening Against the Sky and Pictured in
Reflection Lake
cial system of this American monarch is
larger than that of the entire Alps.
Tier upon tier of mountains, streams,
waterfalls, ice fields, glades of almost
tropical luxuriance, giant trees, flowers
in profusion, all are found in the forest
preserve of 2,250,000 acres surrounding
the great mountain, the base of which
is thirty miles in diameter.
11

100 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Mount Rainier in a Frame of Nature. This Giant Peak Towers Three Miles Above
Tidewater
From the Cascade Mountains rises a
series of volcanoes which once blazed
across the sea like giant beacons. Today,
their fires quenched, they suggest a stalwart
band of knights of the Ages, helmeted
in snow, armored in ice, standing
at parade upon a carpet patterned gorgeously
in wild flowers. Chief of this
knightly band is Mount Rainier, a giant
towering 14,408 feet above tidewater in
Puget Sound. Home-bound sailors far
at sea mend their courses from his silver
summit.
This mountain has a glacier system far
exceeding in size and impressive beauty
that of any other in the United States.
From its snow-covered summit twentyeight
rivers of ice pour slowly down its
sides. One thinks of it as an enormous
frozen octopus stretching icy tentacles
down upon every side among the rich
gardens of wild flowers and splendid
forests of firs and cedars below.
"Easily king of all is Mount Rainier,"
says the United States Geological Survey
in reviewing the prominent summits
of the Rocky Mountains and Pacificcoast.
Many world travelers affirm that
for grandeur and beauty no mountain in
any country is its equal in number and
variety of appealing charms. Seen from
Seattle or Tacoma, sixty and fifty miles

away, this "wonder mountain" appears to
rise directly from sea level, so insignificant
seem the ridges about its base.
Except in Alaska, no other mountain
towers in regal majesty to over fourteen
thousand feet elevation immediately from
the ocean horizon.
Every winter the moisture-laden winds
from the Pacific, suddenly cooled against
its summit, deposit upon Rainier's top
and sides enormous snows. These, settling
in the mile-wide crater which was
left after a great explosion in some prehistoric
age carried away perhaps two
thousand feet of the old volcano's former
height, press with overwhelming weight
down the mountain's sloping sides.
Thus are born the glaciers, for the
snow under its own pressure quickly
hardens into ice. Through twenty-eight
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 101
valleys self-carved in the solid rock flow
these rivers of ice, turning, as rivers
turn, to avoid the harder rock strata,
now roaring over precipices like congealed
waterfalls, now rippling over
rough bottoms, pushing, pouring relentlessly
on until they reach those parts of
their courses where warmer air turns
them into rivers of water. There are
forty-eight square miles of these great
glaciers, some of the individual ice
streams being between five and six miles
in length.
No other great glacier system is so
conveniently located for the tourist. It
is possible to visit and enjoy the exhilarating
flower-scented air of the mountain
meadows and return to a hotel in Tacoma
or Seattle the same evening.
{Continued on page 14'l)
New National Park Memorial to Roosevelt
AP ERMANENT memorial to Theo­
By H A R O L D H. D U G G A N
dore Roosevelt, a memorial of
more than 1,000 square miles, containing
within it the highest mountains,
the most beautiful streams, the largest
glaciers, the largest trees, the most beautiful
wild-flower gardens, and the finest
trout-fishing in the United States, is
about to be created in the heart of the
Sierra Nevada Mountains, in fact, on
Simpson Meadow, in the Roosevelt-Sequoia National Park. Is Said to Be the Greatest Wild-Flower Garden
in the World

102 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
the crest of this range, in California.
The bill creating the Roosevelt-Sequoia
National Park, introduced by Congressman
H. E. Barbour, of Fresno,
California, and now in
the hands of the Comm
i 11 e e on Public
Lands, to be presented
at this session of congress,
has opposition
only from a small and
selfish group at Los
Angeles, which desires
to commercialize this
great area by converting
its streams into
sources of hydro-electric
power. All other
companies having
power projects fi >r
these streams have
withdrawn them at the
request of the Sierra
Club of California, to
enable Stephen Tyng
Mather, federal director of national
parks, to proceed with the development
of this huge tract as soon as it is set aside
by congress.
This great memorial to the man who
fought longest and hardest for the preservation
of the natural resources and
beauties of the West, is almost equally
divided between Fresno and Tulare
counties, in the east-central section of
California, approximately 150 miles from
San Francisco and about the same distance
from Los Angeles. Some fifteen
miles to the west of it lies General Grant
Park, another national memorial reservation,
and approximately 100 miles south
and east of Yosemite National Park,
with which it is to be connected by a
wide road for touring.
Within the new park are Mt. Whitney
14,501 feet, the highest peak in the
United States, exclusive of Alaska;
North Palisade, 14,254 feet; Mount Russell,
14.190 feet; Mount Sill, 14,100
feet, and half a dozen others above 14,000
feet in altitude, and nearly a score
of lesser, snow-crowned peaks of the
Sierras. Within it, too, are the headwaters
of Kings, Kaweah and Kern
Rivers, divided into seven or eight
smaller streams, in some of which dwell
the famed golden trout, native to these
streams and found nowhere else in the
world.
The park will include, and, in fact, is
an expansion of, the Sequoia National
Park, also on the western
slope of the Sierras,
which contains the
largest grove of the
best of the giant redwoods
(Sequoia gigantea),
which was preserved
in 1890 forever
to the people of America
in the form of a national
park. These are
the oldest and largest
trees in the world and
the heart of this grove
is reached by an easy
auto stage journey
from Yisalia, in Tulare
county. California, so
that the main road into
Roosevelt Park will
not have to be built,
but merely laterals constructed, leading
into the river valleys and to some of the
grander canyons ; trails will care for the
other beauty spots.
In addition to the big trees, the lower
slopes of the park are covered with
I X-^ )
/ PROPOSED .%._,,,„,.
/ Pw OP
./.,._. X- Xx
^£p^ S J
C J" ' \:
V. / ROOSEVELT ,M*«-

oak and chapparal. merging into pines.
and so on up through all the varieties
of arboreal growth found in the mountains
of Calitornia. Simpson's Meadow,
one of the many grass and tree-covered
valleys in the new park, is considered by
botanical experts to contain the finest
and most extensive collection of wild
flowers ever sown by the hand of Nature
in an y one
locality.
The park is
about 60 miles
long, and
ranges from
15 to 40 miles
in width, bei
n g irregular
in shape, but
following the
crest of the
Sierra Nevada
range north
and south.
The floor of
the South Fork
of Kings River
is quite like
the celebrated
Yosemite Valley
— which is
the canyon of
the Merced
River—a little
farther north
though, it is
not so well
known, because
means
of access to it
are not so convenient,
though
there are a
n u m b e r o f
good trails in
the Kings River
canyon. The
Middle Fork
of the Kings
River has two
wide valleys
which resemble the Yosemite also, in
Simpson's Meadow and Tehipite Valley,
where Tehipite Dome rises 3,000 feet
sheer from the surface of the river running
at its base.
When completely preserved, as at
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 103
present outlined, the Roosevelt-Sequoia
National Park will contain for permanent
preservation, probably nine-tenths
of all the giant redwoods in existence.
some of which are 3,000 to 4,000 years
old, according to an estimate made by
John Muir, the famous authority on the
Sierra Nevada, in 1901, when he foresaw
the necessity of adding all this vast
Tehipite Dome Rises About Three Thousand Feet Above the
Middle Fork of the Kings River
area to the then newly set aside Sequoia
National Park.
This park will be a fitting memorial,
amid the ranges to that great man who
turned to the mountains of the West for
inspiration and even life itsef.

Enacting a Bull Riding
Stunt for the Sacramento
Celebration of the "Days
of '49." This Was a
Widely Practiced Stunt
in Those Days
"Yoo Hoo, Skinnay.
Here's a Barrel of
Fun." It Is Just That.
A Barrel Mounted on
an Axis of Iron Pipe
Set into Concrete for
the Kiddies to Play on
104
**#
This Small Soldering Iron Is Run by
Electricity and Can Be Used for Burning
Designs on Leather or Wood
Nine-Inch Square Antenna
Was Strong
Enough to Pick Up European
Radio Signals at
Washington

Device Records Road Smoothness
IF the surface of a road is not smooth,
the highway not only is jolty to travel
over, but it is more seriously damaged
by heavy traffic and does not last
as long as a level, uniform roadway.
Heretofore, no efficient apparatus has
been available for testing the smooth-
"Profilometer" Set Up on Road Surface for Measuring
the Smoothness of a Road
ness of road surfaces and that is why the
recent perfecting of such a device by the
government engineers of the Bureau of
Public Roads is an event of considerable
importance to road-builders. The new
contrivance, known as a "profilometer,"
provides a rapid and satisfactory means
of determining whether or not any particular
highway conforms closely to the
degree of smoothness required by the
pavement specifications.
The apparatus consists of a straightedge
or track twenty-four feet long and
a recording device, which, when drawn
over the track, registers autographically
and accurately the profile of the pavement
beneath. The track is supported
by three bicycle wheels and consists of
two wooden trusses twenty-four feet
long and twenty inches high with a
three-inch space between them. Four
turnscrews, two at each end, permit leveling
the track at each set-up, while a
piano wire under constant tension provides
an accurate gage for detecting any
sag which may occur in the track. The
recording instrument consists of a strainograph
to the pen arm of which is attached
a rod connected with a brass
wheel which rests on the paved surface.
The vertical movements of the small
wheel caused by irregularities in the surface
are traced on the recording paper
by the pen. The instrument is mounted
on a special small wooden platform
which rides over the trusses on four
wheels.
A wire cable attached to each end of
the platform passing over a pulley at
each end of the trusses is used to draw
the recording device over the track.
This recorder registers the irregularities
in the road surface very accurately and
affords authentic data regarding the
smoothness of the highway surface. The
roll of recording paper which is driven
by means of a special pulley is revolved
automatically as the profilometer is
drawn along the track.
The apparatus can be used to test out
the smoothness of any length of pavement
desired. Initially, levels are taken
on points eighteen feet apart. The track
is then set up over these points and the
recording device is drawn over it. Subsequently,
when these points are plotted
tions in Road Surfaces
on the profile paper, the records can be
placed respectively in their proper positions,
thus giving an accurate and continuous
profile of the road surface for
any required distance. The profiometer
can also be used with other instruments
to measure the effect of the impact which
the wheels of a motor truck deliver to a
roadbed in passing over it.
105

The Cow-Runners
The Chilean Farmers' National Sport Is Safer Than Bull-Fighting
By C A P T A I N E. A R M I T A G E M c C A N N
IN Chile, perhaps our most enlightened
sister republic, each hacienda, or
estate, has an annual round-up of the
cattle, the breeding of which is one of
tjie principal industries of the country.
At these round-ups all the neighbors
for many miles around gather to help.
After the sorting and branding are finished,
the next thing in order is invariably
a fiesta, or holiday, into wdiich
as much gaiety and sport as possible is
injected.
As the Chileans are splendid horsemen
—most of them would not walk across
the street—their sports naturally tend
to a display of their skill in this direction
and of these games the Corriendo la
Vaca, or cow running, affords them the
best opportunity to show what they and
their horses can do.
The statement is probably correct that
all other Spanish-speaking countries
have the bullfight for their national
sport. The gay scene, with the bright
sunlight flashing on the brilliant costumes
in the arena and audience, with
the fluttering of fans and the wild enthusiasm
of the people stirring one's
blood, makes the bullfight intensely inter­
106
esting to a visitor. The sport itself is,
however, so unnecessarily repulsive in
many of its phases and so unsportsmanlike
that the distaste outweighs the pleasure.
In Chile the bullfight has been prohibited
by popular vote, and the ranchers
have substituted cow running. Tame
though it may sound, this game is really
much more dangerous than bullfighting.
The bull charges with its eyes shut, so
that one has only to step to one side to
escape it; but the cow keeps its eyes open
and dodges after one. The bull has horns
pointing sideways, while the cow's point
forward. This is a wise provision of
nature as the bull fights its fellows for
mastery and the less damage done the
better, while the cow fights to protect its
young and to kill its alien enemy.
When the round-ups are near a town,
the games are held in the arenas built for
the former bullfights, but when a bullring
is not available the running can be
done against a hedge or in a large corral.
One horseman starts the cow running
against the hedge or wall and keeps it
moving rapidly without permitting it to
break through. At a certain point he has

to turn it by getting his horse's head
across the neck of the cow. This done,
the next man takes up the chase, and so
on. Anyone letting the cow break away
from him or failing to turn it at the
mark drops from the game. It should
be remembered that these are semi-wild
animals, strong, and fleet of foot, and
much skill is required to escape the cow's
horns, especially at the turning part of
the game.
The horses naturally become very
adept at instant and correct action on the
word of command or touch of the rein
and thoroughy enter into the spirit of
the game.
The multicolored ponchos or cloaks
and horse trappings of the riders, the
gay shawls and fans of the audience with
the flags and decoration of the arena
make a brilliant spectacle which lingers
in the memory. And the deeds of
prowess furnish many a tale for the
ensuing season.
Most people would like to witness one
bullfight, but the majority of Americans
will agree that once is quite enough, and
A RE moose migrating from Maine,
New Brunswick and other northeastern
parts to the far northwest ? This
question is heard in almost every Alaskan
town and settlement, for in places
moose were seen for the first time last
winter.
Twenty years ago few moose were
seen along the upper Yukon and but
occasionally on the Laird. Last winter
many reports were received in northern
settlements that forest monarchs had been
seen in the Pelly Lakes region and on
almost all the tributaries of the Yukon
river. Today the country along the
Stikine and Tanana rivers is one of the
best moose regions in the north.
From where did all these moose come ?
There is a well grounded theory that
moose have been driven away from the
northeast by the continued banging of
guns year after year and, finding their
way slowly through the broad Canadian
wilderness, have crossed the mountains
into the Cassiar country. Here inhabitants
are widely scattered, leaving
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 107
they usually regret that once. But
here is a sport, equally gay and exciting,
though usually without bloodshed, that
Turning a Running Cow Around the Corner by Using
the Horse's Neck Is no Easy Trick
might well be tried by our skilled horsemen
wdio appreciate a spice of danger in
their sports.
The Moose Are Moving
moose in full possession. The climate
and food conditions are ideal for these
big semi-amphibious beasts and they
have thrived.
This theory is founded upon reports
of various hunting expeditions in the
Canadian barrens. Year after year well
known moose callers have found the
object of their quest farther and farther
west until in late years the MacKenzie
river and its valleys have been the home
of multiplying herds of moose.
Now they have appeared in increasing
numbers in interior Alaska.
They are destined to roam the newer
regions at will for some time, for the
miners have left, the Indians decimated
by disease and it is yet too far away for
the average hunting trip.
Moose love low lying willow grown
swamps and brushy river banks, eating
twigs and sprouts of woody growth in
winter and water roots and reeds in summer.
Their present habitat contains an
abundance of such food, which may be
one reason for their migrating.

Lamp with 160-Mile Light
F O R its extraordinary map-making feet high would obstruct their views, as
operations, the Federal Coast and such an elevation would obtain due to
Geodetic Survey has recently per- the curvature of the earth over a disfected
a remarkable lamp which throws a tance of ten miles. The lamp is elevated
beam of light a distance of one hundred when used in a flat or wooded country.
and sixty miles and at this distance the Heretofore, in the night triangulation
light is visible to the naked eye. It con- work, automobile headlights burning
sists of an automobile lamp so arranged acetylene gas have been used. They are
that the incandescent filament centers in obsolete now that the new electric signal
a point upon
lamp, which is
w h i c h all the
operated by dry
light is concen­
cell batteries, has
trated in the
been perfected.
focus iii such a
The electric
manner that the
lamps are much
lamp seems to
more powerful
send out rays of
and can be seen
parallel beams in
when it would be
the same way that
impossible to ob­
a high - powered
serve the acety­
machine gun
lene lamps. By
spatters out a
the use of the new
shower of bullets.
lamp which facil­
The lamp is used j
itates the practice
in the triangula­
of primary trition
surveys of
angulation, the
the mapping ex­
accurate distance
perts. By this
between two
method of tri­
points which may
angulation it is
be as much as
possible to deter­
one hundred
mine the precise
miles apart may
location of cer­
be obtained with
tain points on the
an error no
surface of the New Electric Lamp Will Throw a Beam for One Hundred
earth.
Sixty Miles That Is Visible to the Naked Eye
greater than five
feet.
In these sur­
A long the
veys, the government experts need some
guidesign which can be used as a sight
South Atlantic and Gulf State coasts.
Uncle Sam has experienced great diffiover
long distances and during the culty because many of the people in those
night-time the new lamp admirably satis­ regions are still hunting for the buried
fies these requirements. When the treasures of Captain Kidd. In hundreds
observations are made during the day­ of instances these seekers after fortunes
time, tall steel lookout towers and spe­ from the earth have dug up and discial
heliotropes, or small reflecting mircarded the concrete markers wdiich
rors are used, which are higher than Uncle Sam's official mappers have set
the tallest trees so that the observers in the ground. The fact that mysterious
may have an unobstructed view to tbe markings and letters formerly were inhorizon.
As a result of the curvature scribed on these markers increased the
of the earth, even though two observers suspicions of the rather ignorant treasat
a distance of ten miles could see over tire hunters. Uncle Sam is usin°- his new
the intervening distance, they would not electric lamp effectively in relocatin 0 '
be able to discern each other's position, the many positions which have been lost
A small hill about sixteen and two-thirds in this manner.
108

D U R I N G the summer linoleum can
usually be immediately unrolled and
laid on the floor. In cold weather,
however, it is stiff and brittle and before
being unrolled should be placed in
Linoleum Laying
Always allow plenty of material for
the door openings so that piecing, which.
always shortens the life of the floor, maybe
avoided. If it becomes necessary to
cut a joint, trim the upper layer first
a warm location to soften it for a with a straight edge through the joint
time. Before spreading the linoleum, it
is best to remove all the corner-moldings.
In pushing it under the stove, the
stove should be lifted by means of a
board and prop.
Radiators should
be treated in the
same manner, as
should other heavy
objects which are
difficult to move.
Kitchen sink legs
s h ould be unscrewed
from the
floor and the linoleum
pushed under
them and left
the re until the
floor has been
completed. Then
the screws should
be replaced.
COTTino
FOR DOOPWAV
These and Other Ideas Used in Laying Linoleum Are
Explained in the Article
or center of the pattern. Then fit the
pattern-edge to the opposite piece and
trim the lower layer along the edge of
the upper, thus insuring a perfect joint.
These joints should
never be cut until
the linoleum has
lain for several days
and has had opportunity
to expand
or shrink and
thus fit itself to
the general temperature
of the location
in which it
is to be per m a -
nently fitted
When the joints
have been made
and t he floor
otherwise cut to
pattern and tacked

110 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
down with linoleum brads along the
edges and joints, the quarter-rounds may
then be replaced and the joints puttied
with a filler the color of the floor
goods, thus preventing any water seepage
under the linoleum.
Some linoleums are cemented to the
floor, thus preventing any dampness
from reaching the under side, but that
manner of laying is only for the professional.
Some people advocate giving the
completed floor several coats of shellac
or varnish. However, if there is much
Flat-Iron That Uses the New
Fuel
AN iron using the new fuel, distilgas.
made from corn and other farm
products, is now being manufactured.
New Flatiron Uses the Recently Discovered Fuel Made
from Corn and Other Farm Products
This iron is practicallv self-regulating
and will not get red hot when left burning
or forgotten.
The new fuel is made by progressively
expanding denatured alcohol into a
pressure through its own heat. This is
done by an automatic self-regulating
converter-burner, indestructible and more
simple than a coal-oil stove.
Fiber Cutter Has Many Uses in
the Kitchen
IF you like juicy, tender steaks or vegetables
chopped fine, a new fiber cutter
will make it possible to have them.
The cutter consists of a strong handle
pivoted on two blades with sharp edges
and on three blades with teeth. The
handle can be turned so that the cutter
can be used either with the handle at
travel over the floor, the varnish or shellac
coats will wear in streaks or spots
and later present a color contrast of two
shades, where the' varnish is and where
it is not. It is' all very well to coat the
linoleum if there is little travel over it.
as the cleaning is made somewhat easier,
but if many rough-shod feet pass over
it, it is better not to varnish.
One thing, however, is very important:
if water is prevented from getting
into the seams and under the goods, the
floor will give long, satisfying service.
right angles or with it running parallel
to the cutting edge of the blades. The
blades with teeth running at right angles
to the handle make an excellent chopping
knife for meat. With the sharp edges
at right angles the cutter makes a good
utensil for chopping vegetables, fruits or
hash. Or the chopper can be used in a
deep.bowl to prevent slopping simply by
turning the handle so that it forms, an
extension to the blade of the cutter.
With one blade swiveled parallel the
other blade at right angles can be used
as a cleaver for such jobs as chopping
off the chicken's head and legs. There
Chopping Vegetables. Shaving Ice. Making Meat
Tender—These Are a Few of the Jobs this New
Cutter Does Well
are many other uses to which the cutter
is especially adapted, among them scaling
fish and shaving ice.
Cleans the Phonograph Record
as It Is Played
^PHONOGRAPH record cleaning
attachment, wliich may be fastened
directly on the reproducing arm of the
phonograph, lias recently been devised.
A padded clamp partly encircles the
tone-arm and on this padded clamp are
ears forming part of a hinge connection.
The binge connection carries a slide head
to which is attached a suitable brush or

fabric wiper. This wiper moves in advance
of the needle and makes sure that
a clear reproduction will not be interfered
with by dust or finger marks on
the record.
The device tends to prolong the life of
This Little Wiper Attached
to the Tone-Arm of the
Phonograph Cleans the
Records as They Are
Played
the record and keeps the operator from
standing in front of the sound-box while
brushing- off the record.
An Out-of-the-Way Closet
Makes Kitchen Neater
VY/HEN building or rebuilding a home
** a very small space in the kitchen
may be utilized to advantage as a broomcloset.
One such occupies a notch at
the end of a cupboard. It is triangular
in shape with a depth on one side of
twelve inches, the other seven inches and
the back wall is fifteen inches in width.
It is a trifle over seven feet high, thus
making the door correspond in height
with other doors in the room. Eight
•inches from the top is a shelf wdiich lacks
three inches of coming flush with the
front. Upon this shelf is kept the liquid
floor polish and the box containing the
mop. Eight inches from the floor and of
the same depth as the first one is another
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 111
shelf, under which may be found a hammer
and box for tacks, nails, etc. On
the front edge of the top shelf are two
nails where hang brooms from staples in
their handles. On the wall back of these
hang dust-pan, dust cloths, one or two
kitchen aprons, a ball of string and the
cord to the electric iron. The iron itself
rests upon the bottom shelf. On the inside
surface of the door, near the top,
hangs the kitchen towel, while lower
down is a book for holders. When the
door is closed all these necessary, but
more or less unsightly, articles are hidden,
thereby adding greatly to the appearance
of the kitchen.
Jelly Glass Seals Without
Paraffin
HIS new jelly glass seals air tight.
water-tight, as well as germ proof,
without the use of paraffin
which housekeepers
bave been accustomed to
using. There are no rubber
rings, tin caps, paper
or strings used.
There are four glass
notches on the outside of
the glass, and four turnedover
portions of the top.
To seal, the top is placed
over the glass notches and
with an easy motion given a quarter turn
to tbe left. To open, the cover is turned
Notches on Top of Glass and in Cover Seal the Jelly
Glass Without Paraffin
to the right, thus releasing its hold on
the notches of the glass.

Do Your Housework the Easy Way
You Do Not Have to Strain Water
Out of the Vegetables and Other
Foods Cooked in This Aluminum
Cooker with Three Cooking Vessels
1 12
Left—Nickels Are Easily Removed
from Handy Container.
Above—Metal Support Prevents
Soap from Dropping to Bottom
of Pail and Floating Rubber Doll Keeps
Baby from Playing with Soap While
Being Bathed. Right—New Machine
Does Washing by Moving Water
Through Clothes, Dislodging and Extracting
Dirt. Below—Combination Scrub Brush and
Scraper for Cleaning Cooking Dishes
As This Dish Is Divided
in the Center,
Two Foods Can Be
Cooked at the Same
Time and with One
Source of Heat
No More Will the Basement
Lights Burn All
Night. An Electric
Switch Located on the
Door Jam Turns Off
the Light Every Time
the Kitchen Door Is
Closed. The Device
Never Turns the Light
On—Always Off
Raising the Handle of This Window
Washer Causes the Clean
Rinsing Water to Flow Over the
Washed Pane
Comfort and Convenience Are
the Features of This Bathtub,
Which Is a Seat, Foot, Shower
and Children's Bathtub All
in One

Cleaning Metal Parts of the
Car
""THIS summer you may want to clean
up certain metal parts of the car.
Instead of using emery paper or scouring
powder, do it in a professional way,
as follows:
Dip the brass parts in a solution made
as follows: Nitric acid, 75
parts; sulphuric acid, 100
parts; lampblack, 2 parts ;
salt, 1 part. Keep in a glass
jar and rinse and dry all
parts thoroughly after dipping.
Aluminum can be
thoroughly cleaned by dipping
in a solution made of 1
pound caustic soda in 1 gallon
of water. Leave only a
moment, rinse in hot water,
then dip in a solution of 4
parts nitric acid, 1 part
water, and 6 parts sulphuric
acid. Rinse again and dry.
Polished aluminum should WhiIl
be cleaned of all grease by the chassis
washing in gasoline before cleaning in
the foregoing manner.
Steel parts are best cleaned by dipping
in the caustic soda solution just a moment
and then rinsing off in hot water
and drying. By boiling the parts in the
solution the best results are obtained.
Cast iron should be dipped in the
caustic soda solution, rinsed in hot water
and dipped in a solution of 1 part hydrochloric
acid to 3 parts of water. Rinse
in cold water, then hot water and dry by
rolling the object in warm sawdust.
Only solid metals should be cleaned
thus : plated parts should be cleaned with
the regular polish made for the purpose.
Airplane Engines for
Automobiles
A N interesting new development in the
automobile world is the installation
of powerful aviation engines in automobile
chassis. This is being done by one
of the largest manufacturers of airplanes.
Many thousands of cars are re-built
annually in the United States and it is
the prediction of this company that amateurs
and other people of a mechanical
turn of mind will enjoy the novelty and
work of making the few changes in the
chassis necessary for the proper installation
of the airplane engine.
gine Prices Are Reasonable, It Is Recommended That
to Be Employed Be Those of Fairly Expensive Cars
113

114
The September Accessory Crop
Hand Signals Save Time and Avoid Mishap. Two fingers Outward
Mean Left Turn. Hand Moving in Circle, a Complete Turn. Hand
Backward, Reverse. Hand Out in Usual Manner, Stop
Left—The Thin Edge of This
Tire Removing Tool Will
Force Any Tire Off a Rim
Right—Full Protection from
the Sun and Clear Vision
Below—A Sort of Vest Pocket
Car with Rear Motor Wheel
Locked Over the
Valve Stem, This
Device Prevents
the Tire from Being
Stolen

An Adjustable Visor for the
Automobile Windshield
|V/|ANY of the motor visors for shading
the eyes are not made to fit all cars.
However, the one shown is adjustable
and it can be placed on any windshield.
An Adjustable Visor for the Windshield. It Will Fit
Any Car
The inside color is a soft green. It prevents
the sun's glare or the bright lights
of the oncoming car from blinding the
driver and it also prevents rain from falling
on the windshield.
Gasoline Fumes Awaken the
Sleeping Giant
(^HINA has been called "The Sleeping
Giant." For three thousand years the
country lay hermetically sealed. Its great
stone wall, the unsailed seas and the traditions
of its people set it off from all
the rest of the world, and within its borders
developed a civilization peculiarly
its own.
In this strange country progress was
slow, largely because of lack of effective
means of transportation. There were no
roads. The burdens of China were carried
upon the backs of its people instead
of upon devices of iron and steel. Up
and down the streets of its cities ran
little two-wheeled carriages, propelled by
human power and available to those who
had the means with which to pay the
meager fee which the jinrikisha operator
demanded. The streets of those cities
were narrow, irregular and unpaved, in
keeping with the types of vehicles which
operated over them,
ILLUSTRATED WORLD US
But the spirit of progress has waved
a wand over "Sleeping China" and she
is beginning to awake.
Within the last two years a revolutionary
step has been taken. The old
stone wall, emblem of an ancient regime,
which separated the old Canton from the
new, has been razed for six miles of its
length. Ten thousand dwelling houses,
jostling one another for precarious foothold,
have been torn down to make way
for a new system. Over the broad thoroughfare
thus created and over the
streets of Canton, widened, straightened
and improved for the purpose, run motor
trucks and trailers, all equipped wdth
motor bus bodies and supplanting the
'riksha men who formerly swarmed in
those quarters.
The people of Canton appreciate the
change. They patronize the cars, the
daily income of which is approximately
one hundred dollars each. They see the
significance of the "new way," and are
eager for its expansion. Thus, in one
step, this Chinese city has advanced from
its ancient, insufficient, uneconomical
methods to the last word in transportation
efficiency.
The poet has said:
For East is East and West is West.
And never the twain shall meet.
The poet, however, seems to have for-
The Chinese Jinrikisha Has Given Way to the Gasoline
Motor Bus in China
gotten that civilization always fronts
forward and that there is no back step in
the march of the nations. The United
States and Canton, China, are face to
face in their recognition of the superiority
of their new systems of transportation.

116 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Arm Rest on the Car Body
Side for the Driver
AN arm rest which provides a comfortable
cushion for the driver's arm is
shown in the illustration. It consists of
a narrow cushion with U-shaped brackets
A Detachable Arm Rest for the Driver of a Car
Helps Ease Driving Strain
beneath to engage the car body side. An
adjustable screw holds the arm rest
solidly in position, and it will not cause
any damage by rubbing or scratching the
polished surface.
Let Jack Do It
"TMIE experienced motorist rarely de-
* pends on the tools furnished with a
car and he proceeds to equip his automobile
with a set of dependable tools.
This New Type Jack Is Claimed to Have Twenty
Distinctive Features Each of Equal Importance
Perhaps the most unusual feature of
this new jack is that it can be used
under any make of car. It has an
over all height of 11 inches, which
raises to 18 inches; it also has a "side
lift" 7 inches high that raises to 14
inches. No matter how low the car is
built, the jack can be used under either
the gasoline tank or the bumper. A
long handle, 32 inches in length, that
folds up to 18 inches for storage in a
tool box enables the person who uses
it to work at some distance from the
axle. The base is big and wide, and it
will slide under on a mud road as easily
as on pavement. With the ordinary
jack the user has to get down and
reach under to throw the little lever
that operates the reverse; with this
new jack the reverse trigger is operated
by the handle. Because of the
length of the handle and the double
ratchet construction it raises or lowers
on both upward and downward
strokes of tbe handle and on a stroke
of but 6 inches.
Some Uses for Kerosene in the
Home Garage
'T'HE driver who keeps an ordinary
oil-can filled with kerosene in the
car or garage is saving difficulties with
functions with the various units, especially
during the cold months of the
year. When kerosene is used on steering
connections, the gumming habit is
stopped and the car is steered as
easily as in summer. Used in the priming
cocks of the engine after the day's
run it will soften and prevent carbon
formation. Sticking valves are likewise
treated by pouring kerosene
through the air valve of the carburetor.
A few drops put on the spring
shackle bolts, spring leaves, brake rods,
pins and clevises cut the gum, hard
grease and rust and enable one to
lubricate better next time, for the oil
works into the hidden spots.
There are many ears using valve
caps that must be removed when
grinding the valves. These are usually
set up so tightly that thev sometimes
become "frozen" in the cylinder block.
When kerosene is poured onto the caps
and allowed to seep down to the
threads, there will be little or no difficulty
in removing the valve caps. But
give it sufficient time to work.

A Turnbuckle Makes an
Excellent Tire Remover
A TOOL for removing tires from split
rims on auto wheels can be made
from a common turnbuckle, as follows:
If desired, the tool can be made by extending
the length of each end of the
turnbuckle by adding a piece to each eye.
On the other hand, the regular threaded
pieces can be removed and longer rods
substituted.
The total length of the rods, when
they are extended out as far as possible
from each other in the threads, should be
just enough to reach over the edges of
the rim.
Whichever way the lengthening of the
tool is accomplished, the ends of the rods
should be hooked over as indicated.
The tool is opened up and one hook
fastened over opposite sides of the rim.
A stick or rod is then inserted in the
central threaded eye and turned. As the
length of the turnbuckle decreases, the
rim will be collapsed so that the tire can
be pulled off wdth little effort. If the
hooks are formed by heating the rods,
flattening them will give them greater
gripping power.
And Now the Crankless
Gasoline Engine
"T HE very latest in automotive circles
is the crankless, gasoline-driven
The Motor Car Equipped with the Crankless Engine
in a Recent Successful Test
engine, the invention of J. E. Emley.
It has been successfully operated in a
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 117
motor car on the streets of Jacksonville,
Florida.
The inventor claims that the machine
will deliver greater power and
Close-up of the New Engine. Note the Small Amount
of Space It Uses Under the Hood
torque to the bore, stroke and piston
displacement than any engine known to
the mechanical world today.
The basic principle of the engine is:
the cylinder and valve gear are of the
conventional type as used in the standard
gas engines for automotive work
except such modifications as are necessary
for a new type of engine. The
cylinder head is removable, with the
exhaust and intake manifold cast in
one piece. The drive mechanism,
which is the inventor's own, consists
of a drive shaft not unlike the shaft
of a steam turbine, to which is keyed
a hardened steel plate, operating on
ball bearings, as is also the drive shaft.
The Empty Barrel as a Tire
Bench
A TIRE off the wheel is always an
awkward thing to work on. It rolls
from under your hand or else slips about
the bench in a vexing manner. One way
to give it stability is to use a barrel in
place of the bench.
Where many tires are handled the barrel
can be spiked permanently to the
floor—otherwise it can be held in position
temporarily by rocks or gravel thrown
inside.
Throw the tire over the barrel and it
will bring up against the sides before
it slips down very far. Where many
sizes of tires are common, two or three
barrels of different sizes are necessary.

118 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Just What Would You Call
This Mechanical Steed?
Till, latest thing in motordom was conceived
and born in that much-talkedof
town. Zion, Illinois.
The wheels are those of an airplane.
The rear frame is assembled from the
landing trucks of a plane. The fore
wheel is that of ano'.her airplane and
h-S ___•___
P^^~^l IT*"-*
Wj'' 1
J_i__*»re^.
"\ x
M
iffts
___r**___. *________
^fT9Ws_^___H
________j^-^ *^W
B^HOWK
_ /!
A Cross Between the Tricycle, the Airplane and the
Motor Car Is This Mechanical Speedster
the fork assembly that of a motorcycle.
The steering gear is a cross between that
of a tricycle, a motor boat and a motor
car, while the frame is of welded tubing.
Motive power for the mechanical "whatchamaycallit"
is furnished by a 2-cylinder
6-horsepower engine, which propels
this strange vehicle by means of a
48 airplane propeller. It is capable of
sixty-five miles an hour, and fifty miles
per gallon of gasoline. It was invented
by William Crofts, who is shown.
Note the circular frame at the rear
to protect the driver in case of a spill.
Tighten the Cylinder Head a
Second Time
A ITER the car is overhauled, or the
cylinder head has been taken off, go
over the studs again. It should be
bolted down as tightly as possible,
otherwise no end of trouble will be
had later from the leakage of compression,
or leaking water into the
crank case. The engine should be
started after setting up the studs
evenly and run long enough for the
casting to become thoroughly heated
to normal temperature. When the
wrench is applied the studs can be set
up still more tightly.
A new gasket should be used each
time to insure a good fit, using heavy
oil or light grease which is spread on
both sides of the gasket. Never use
shellac. Its use means trouble the
next time the bead is removed.
Save Your Engine with a New
Vacuum Device
T* HIS device is an oil-saving contrivance
that is used in place of the regular
breather cap on the crank case of an
automobile, 'ihe check valve inside
the device woiks automatically and
prevents dust and grit-laden air from
being drawn into the crank case, as
this wears out the bearings and pistons.
The check valve allows the gas
in the crank case to pass out but prevents
its return. If allowed to remain
in the crank case, this gas condenses
and forms a liquid gasoline which destroys
the lubricating qualities of the
oil. As a result, the oil finally becomes
This Device Keeps Oil in and Dust and Grit Out of
the Crank Case
so thin that it fails to lubricate the
working parts.
Primarily the device is a simple, selfenclosed
valve. It is operated by the
movement of the engine pistons and
releases the pressure with restraint
when the piston stroke is downward.

How to Build an Aero-Cycle
_, Lightweight Airplane Driven by a Twin-Cyli
By EARL H. CLA
MOTORCYCLE - ENGINED airplanes
are not very efficient at
best, but they are becoming more
common every day and are quite practical
for flights of short duration and for
sporting purposes. An outstanding feature
of this type of plane is its slow
landing speed which enables the pilot to
alight with a maximum of safety. The
motor parts are standardized and can be
acquired in almost any part of the
country.
The accompanying drawings show how
to build an airplane of this type, which
the amateur can make in a home workshop.
This design requires no fuselage or
body. Two 12-foot booms support the
tail and their forward ends terminate at
two 3-inch by %-inch stanchions which
serve as a cabane for the main planes.
The 20-inch light airplane type wheels
are mounted to these stanchions, no
shock absorbers being used. Two struts,
forming a triangle behind the seat, support
the rear end of the skid. A piece
of ash %-inch by 2 inches by 6 feet by
3 inches is used for the skid. This can
be lightened with a few holes 1 inch in
diameter. The rudder foot bar is
mounted on an ash block at its forward
•cycle Engine
end. The rear end is tapered, "on top,"
down to jXinch thick, wliich will allow
flexibility enough for an easy landing if
the 2-inch tires are not blown too hard.
The bay formed by the axle (steel
tube 1 inch outside diameter by 18 gage
by 4 feet 9 inches long), the two stanchions,
and a cross tube at the booms are
braced with 3/32-inch cable, using No.
325 turnbuckles. This tube is the same
size as the axle, but 20 gage instead.
The axle is braced fore and aft by
wooden members on either side running
from a point on the boom under the rear
wing beam down and forward to the
stanchion. Such points are secured with
plates cut from ^-inch cold-rolled
steel, which is obtainable almost anywhere,
and bolted with y-'mch bolts. All
wooden struts are well stream-lined.
The booms are of I-beam section, built
up with y2-inch webs and y-inch by
1-inch battens. Webs are 4 inches wide
at the front end and taper back to 1
inch. The tail is braced between the
booms with 3/32-inch cable from a
wooden crossbar to bolts in the stabilizer.
The crossbar connects the two booms
just under the rear wing beams. The
booms can be covered with cloth and
doped if desired and this should be done
119

120 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
with the wheels to lessen resistance. stanchions and terminate at points on the
Lightness is essential in all details. wings, 6 feet from the tips. The stanch­
The wings are built up of spruce ions are connected by the same size cable
throughout except the rib webs, which doubled, or a heavier piece. Fittings of
are of whitewood. The ribs are built /jj-inch cold-rolled steel attached to the
up with webs ^-inch thick, lightened, ends of the axle take the lift wires, which
and with spruce battens, ^ by J*_-inch fasten to the same wing bolts that hold
glued and nailed to the webs. At the the landing wires. Both wings and the
beams and between cutouts the webs are 3-foot wing section attach to the stanch­
reinforced by short pieces of batten, and ions and booms by ^g-inch tie plates and
the complete rib is nailed to the beams. ^-inch bolts.
The leading edge is y2-mch round wood The outer ends of the wings can be
and the trailing edge is made of /5-inch made square instead of flared out, as
by 24-inch wood, used flat.
shown in the illustration. If this is done
Internal bracing is 3/32-inch hard it will be necessary to extend the ailerons
wire, spaced as on drawing. Ribs that in an extra foot so their surfaces will
serve as compression members are left not be decreased. In this case the wing
solid. Finished frames should be well span will be reduced to 28 feet, but this
varnished and inspected before being will have very little effect on the per­
covered. They are covered with unformance. The tail or empennage can
bleached muslin one yard wide, sewn to be treated in the same manner and the
the ribs and given three coats of dope. amateur will find this the easiest way.
The ailerons are built up and covered The wing should have an angle of
similar to the wings; they are hinged to incidence of 3 degrees, which will give
the rear beams by small eyebolts.
the machine a good speed range; low
The wing bracing is 3/32-inch cable speed, about 25 miles per hour, and high
with No. 325 turnbuckles, eight in all. speed, approximately 55 miles per hour.
There are only 20 brace wires exposed The unusually light wing loading, 2
on the whole machine. The landing
wires are strung from the tops of the
I /_
pounds per square foot, plays an important
part in this variation in speed.
SPAM
CHORD
LENGTH
AREA
w"T. EMprt
Wr. LOADED
LOAD PER. SQ FI
30' 0"
5' 0"
10' ."
142 SQ FT.
150 LB5.
355 LBS.
2 '/- L05
MOTOR CYCLt tri-int
WT, PER.H.P.
LOW SPEED
TOP SPEED
16 MR
22 LB..
25 M.P.n
55 M.Ptl
CORrifcR
consTRucTion
Top. Side and Front View of the Aero-cycle Are Shown Above. Note That the Outer End of the Wings
Are Made Square Instead of Flare Which Makes Construction More Simple

The stabilizer is non-lifting and is attached
to the booms by four bolts, its
rear beam serving as a crossbar, thus
saving weight and labor. The elevators
are hinged to the stabilizer by 3 eyebolts
each, which slip between two similar
bolts on the stabilizer beam. A pin is
put through and cottered at each point.
A two-piece fin is located in front of the
rudder, which is
hinged in the same
manner as elevators
and ailerons.
The fin is clamped
to the stabilizer
with light fittings.
All of these units
are built up the
same as the wings
with the exception
of the webs not being
cut out. It is
important that the
tail line up with
the wings.
Standard stick
and foot bar controls
are used, the
foot bar actuating
the rudder. The
bar can be ash and
the stick a steel
tube or of ash, the
former being preferable.
The control
horns are a
steel tube y2 inch
outside diameter by 20 gage by 9 inches
long; aileron horns 12 inches long, slipped
through surfaces just behind the
beams and held in place by wood screws
which go through the beam, tube and
block. The block is glued and nailed to
the beam to support tube (inside). The
horns are flattened at the ends, after
beating, and drilled to take the control
cable shackles. All control wires are
jXinch cable (flexible).
It is interesting to note that there are
only 4 pulleys used in the control and
that all wires run to the bar and stickdirect.
This allows cables to be watched
more closely and lessens the chance of
them getting out of order.
The engine throttle and switch is
mounted on the right or left stanchion,
whichever side the pilot prefers. An oil
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 121
•/6 x v* STRAP STEEL
Showing
pressure gage can lie mounted on the opposite
side.
The rudder cables run absolutely direct
to the rudder and are not crossed
as is the case wdth the elevator wires;
this is necessary here in order to reverse
the movement. Thus, pulling back on the
stick tilts the elevators upward. Side
movement of the stick operates the ailerons
alternately, one
up and one down.
When the stick is
in neutral position,
as shown on drawing,
both ailerons
are tilted down
slightly and therefore
assist the lifting
force of the
wing as well as
serving as balancing
flaps. They can
be pulled to the
proper position by
adjusting the control
wire turnbuckles,
and
should line up with
RAW HIDE
on WOOD
TO AILERONS
How the Control Wires Operate from
Stick" to the Ailerons and Elevators
the forward part
of the wing so as
to complete the
form. It is very
important that
none of the control
wires bind or run
on any part of the
machine and they
should not be drawn too tightly.
The seat can be constructed of veneer
or aluminum with a wooden bottom. It
is attached by wooden cross members.
1 inch square, to the two diagonal brace
struts and the triangle that carries the
rear end of the skid.
A twin-cylinder motorcycle engine of
the V type is installed ahead of the
wings and is mounted on two 24-inch by
3-inch (tapered) ash members. These
are fastened at each end of the crosspiece
under the rear beam and run forward
and inward to take the mounting
points on the motor. The steel tube
crossbar between the stanchions is the
chief support of the front ends of these
members and it runs through the centers
of both. This tube is 1 inch outside
diameter by 20 gage by 3 feet.

122
Additional strength is acquired by four
3/32-inch brace cables, shown on drawing.
These wires eliminate any possible
vibration of the motor, and the two
upper ones relieve the wooden engine
supports of the inertia of the motor
RIGHT WIHG AIL-ROtl-'
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
.-STRIPS
The Wings Are Built of Spruce Wood Throughout
Except the Rib Webs Which Are of Whitewood
when landing. If the heavier motor is
used, say 25 to 30 horsepower, I would
advise replacing the lower wires with
steel tube and dispensing entirely with
the upper ones.
A 5-foot propeller is attached to the
sprocket wheel of the motor by several
•4-inch bolts, the number of wdiich is
determined by the teeth of the sprocket.
There should' be six if possible. A metal
disk jXinch thick, with a diameter depending
upon the size of the propeller
hub, is clamped against the outer side of
the sprocket and holes are drilled
through it accurately so the bolts will fit
down in between the teeth. In this way
the heads of the bolts wdll overlap the
sprocket teeth and allow the propeller to
be drawn up tight against the disk. In
order to prevent the bolts from turning
when tightening the nuts, it may be necessary
to drill small holes horizontally
through their heads and run a piece of
hard wire through, twisting the ends together,
fcnait
It is more advisable for the
amateur to order a propeller
from the factory than to attempt
the job himself. There
are several airplane concerns
in the United States that
make propellers for motorcycle
engines and two of
them are the Heath Airplane
Company, Chicago, and The
White Aircraft Works, Los
Angeles. Some of them furnish
motor and propeller all
ready to install.
The gasoline tank is
mounted on top of the wing
and feeds by gravity.
Motor Hand Horn Arranged to Be
Operated by the Foot
Sometimes when one is driving a car
all the attention must be given to driving.
Where the signal horn is operated
by hand, this is often inconvenient and
even dangerous. There is a way to
operate the horn by the foot in such
emergencies.
Screw a metal bar across the knob on
the push lever so that it points at right
angles across the side of the car. Then
attach two wires—one at each end—to
the bar and bring them down to a pedal
The Frame with the Rudder
and Engine Bed Attached
Will Look Like This
Ar BAR
Just a Push of the Foot on the Pedal Will Operate
the Horn When the Hand Cannot Be Used
hinged to the floor at a convenient point
for the foot to reach it.
Run one wire outside the barrel of the
horn and one inside, and join them below
as shown.
To Prevent the Screen Door from
Sagging
After a screen door has been hung for
a lime it usually sags at the bottom and
drags on the threshold. Undoubtedly
it dragged a little
when it was originally hung
To be sure there is plenty of
clearance at the bottom of the
door when it is first fitted, a
piece of wood one-fourth of an
inch thick should be put under
it to lift it from the
threshold and to hold the
door in place until the hinges
are screwed on. Wdien the
hinges are fastened, the strip
may be removed and the door
will have enough clearance to
last it a full season. Do this
and you will never be annoyed
by a contrary screen door.

A Power-Driven Bathing Wheel
By L. B. ROBB1NS
IN the warm months we are all looking
for some new form of amusement.
The revolving wheel shown in the accompanying
sketches is designed for just
such a purpose and is not difficult to
construct or operate. Its novelty lies in
the fact that it is a form of the old "Ferris"
wheel, but one in which bathers are
revolved in the swing chairs and are
dipped in the water at each revolution. Tbe
depth of immersion
depends upon
the length of the
swing ropes wdiich
can be regulated at
will.
The wheel is
simple, consisting
of a structure of 2
by 4 timbers revolving
in a pair of
uprights on an
axle made of common
ga 1 v a n i z e rl
piping. Each side
of the wheel is
constructed as follows
:
Procure two timbers,
of select wood
and clear grain. 14
feet long. Make a
pencil mark at the
exact center of
each one. Using this mark as a center,
lay off a space the width of the other
timber and cut it out for half the depth
of the wood. This forms a mitre joint so
that the timbers can be joined at their
centers and their surfaces come flush
with each other. Set them together at
exactlv right angles and lay them down
on a flat floor.
Procure a pair of l^Xinch pipe flanges
and bolt them over this joint, one on
each side, at the exact center and in line.
The bolts should go clear through the
wood and both flanges, and be tightened
sufficiently to prevent play.
Place two large eyebolts in the end of
each timber and connect with wdre stays
in which are inserted turnbuckles to aid
in tightening. Also bore a hole in the
The Bathers Are Dipped into the Water at Each
Revolution of the Wheel. It Is Operated by Hand,
Motor or Engine
end of each arm to which will be attached
the swing ropes.
Make a second wheel to correspond
with this one and then set them both up
on edge and parallel with each other.
The connecting axle consists of a piece
of galvanized iron pipe, 3 feet long—
\y2 inches outside diameter. First,
however, thread a piece of similar pipe
for half its length and run through the
flanges on e a c h
wheel until the ends
bring up against
the outside flange.
This is shown in
detail. It should
leave about 2
i n c lies projecting
from the inside
flange. Place a
coupling on this end
and a cap on the
other. The 3-foot
piece is then connected
to each
coupling, thus connecting
the wheels.
Set screws should
be provided at all
joints to prevent
the parts from
loosening.
The ends of the
assembled wheels
are then connected by three 6-inch
lengths of small pipe run through the
boles in the arm ends and capped on the
ends.
The swings consist of barrel staves.
A hole in each end of the stave takes a
rope which is fastened at the proper
length to the aforementioned pipes.
Lay the assembled wheels down flat
once more and proceed to build the
pulley as suggested by tbe drawing.
This is six feet in diameter and built of
four pieces of plank to each layer, there
being three layers. The first iayer is 6
feet in diameter. Tbe second, laid at
right angles to it, is 5 feet 6 inches in
diameter, and the third layer the same
as the first. The method of construction
is shown in the side view illustration.
123

124 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The supports for this wheel consist of The wheel can be revolved by means
two solid posts of 4 by 4 driven deeply of a gasoline engine, an electric motor,
into the lake or river bed where the or even by a hand drum supplied with
water is of good bathing depth. The cranks. The source of power is belted
tops of the uprights should be about 10 to the pulley of the wheel by heavy,
feet above the water and far enough well-stretched manila rope. If it still
apart to accommodate the axle ends with­ tends to stretch, provide an idler someout
binding the wheel and pulley.
where about halfway in the line. In any
Half round the tops of the posts and case, run the power so that the wheel
bolt is half a split bearing (see detail) will not make more than half-a-dozen
which is made to take the axle. The top revolutions per minute, thus giving the
half of bearing should be provided with passengers a slow, easy ascent and de­
an oil cup. This half bolts down over the scent.
axle so as to make a good running fit. A small fee can be charged for a ride
Shims may be used to adjust this condi­ of a few minutes and a profit realized for
tion.
the builder. By varying the length of
Brace the posts by rigid timbers and the swdng ropes the rider can either just
stays so they will not be pulled out of skip along the water or be immersed for
the perpendicular.
a considerable depth at each wheel turn.
Where Hubby Could Shine
A rap sounds at the kitchen door. Oh,
my! Mother has been so very busy
around the house that she feels her hair
is terribly disarranged. Hurriedly she
pats it in a woman's unseeing, feelingway
and trenchantly approaches the door,
hoping there is not a visitor. If hubby
would only fasten a little mirror near the
door casing for her, that would be the
point of man) - an assuring comfort.
A Special Box for the Lawnmower
After the lawn has been cut and the
lawn-mower has been carried back into
the basement or to the place where it is
usually stored, it is in most cases leaned
with the handle against the
wall. The mower then rolls
away from the wall and, in
general, it has an exasperating
way of always being in
one's path. One's shins are
barked against the handle and
all manner of things bumped
against the blades, with the
consequence that when the
mower is again brought out
for use it is not in the best
of shape. This can be remedied
by making a small box
that will just encase the
working parts of the wheels
and mechanism. This box
should be set close to a wall
No More Runaway Lawnmowers
if They Are Kept
Boxed Like This One
and a piece of wood an inch thick be put
under its front end to make the bottom
slope toward the rear at the wall. If the
mower is then set into this box it will not
only be protected, but will also be in such
location and position to be. as the poet
says, a joy forever.
Brooms Used to Move Heavy
Objects in the House
Instead of dragging heavy objects
across the floor and scratching up the
varnish, it is much simpler and easier
to make an improvised truck of a couple
of brooms.
Have someone raise the object by one
end. place the straws of the brooms
underneath, and then let the
w e i g lit down upon them.
Place one broom under each
corner. Now have the helper
raise the opposite end off the
floor, and you get between the
broom handles and pull exactlv'
as if you were in the
shafts of a wagon. The broom
straws act as a sled and the
object can be slid anywhere
about the room desired. With
small, heavy objects, such as
a safe or a heavy trunk, one
broom will suffice. How come
we never thought of this before
? It sounds simple enough,
now that we know it.

I WAS raking up a seed bed in my
back yard when neighbor Brown
leaned over the fence and lamented:
"Darn it, I put up my screens yesterday
and one of them's gone. It's for my
own bedroom window—the one we always
have open. Before I go get a carpenter
and before the carpenter gets the
screen made I won't need a screen, but
a storm window."
I looked at him. He looked healthy.
"Well, you don't look like a cripple to
me," I jabbed. "Why don't you make
the screen yourself?"
He scratched his head.
"Well—now—I don't know as I'm
much of a screen maker," he grinned.
"Easiest thing in the world," I said.
"Here." I picked up a new, one-inch,
tongue-grooved board I had been using
for a garden-bed
edging, "How big
is your screen?"
"Three by four
feet."
"Good!" I replied,
"Here, this
board happens to
be just long
enough, eight feet.
Take a saw and
rip off the little
tongue - strip and
save it; rip off a
two-inch strip full
length of the
board to include
the groove—t hat
will make the two
side parts of the
screen with slidegrooves
outside.
Now rip off another two-inch strip out of
what's left—to use for the top and bottom.
Run over to. the hardware store
and buy the screen-wire necessary, a
box of tacks, a few nails and also four
little iron corner-braces—they cost five
cents each—you will then have all the
material needed. If you're fussy about
your screen, get a little wooden moulding
to nail over the edge of the screenwire
after it is tacked onto the frame—
A Screen Story
By LEWIS J. BECKER
EXTRA STRIP SLID- STRIP-
D I
I I |TOP-2FT.6irTl|Bc>rroM-2FT.8iri.|| EXTRA PIECE. |
~\ 1510- - 4 FT. I I 5IP. 4FT. I
unless you want to rip off a thin strip
from the piece of board that is still left.
With a hammer and saw and a little
ginger you can have your screen read}'
and on by tomorrow evening."
"You told me to save the little tonguestrip."
"Yes, if the slide strips tacked on the
inner edge of the window frame are
broken or damaged you can replace them
with that tongue-strip."
He beamed at me.
"By golly," he cried. "I believe I'll
try it!"
He started right off for the hardware
store.
The next evening when I came home
he was industriously hammering away in
his back yard. He was making the
screen and positively enjoying it.
1 went up and
leaned over the
fence neighborly,
and, after watching
him in silence
MAILS DRIVTJI ttlD WISE
AT CORMERS
r-
SCBtEh COMPLETE:
The Device Is Simple Enough and Can Be Made by
Anyone with the Minimum Amount of Tools
for a while, I
s m i 1 i n g 1 y commented
:
"I say, Brown,
you're some screen
artist! I'll have to
put you in the
movin' pitchers."
He looked up at
me and smiled :
"Got to have your
little joke, eh?
Well," he chuckled,
"if you're really
gonna make that
movin' picture you
better hurry 'cause
I've just about got it done."
"Not quite," I answered. "It must
have an exterior film—of paint. I have
paint in my studio—I'll get it!" and I
suited the action to the words.
"Here's the stuff, Brown, shoot!"
He took them and began putting on
the finishing touches.
"Oh Brown, I say," I cut in, chuckling,
"you're a real screen artist—and
also a producer!"
125

126 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Renewing Plaster Statuary
Ordinary white plaster statuary is sold
with a thin coating of wax or paraffin,
and after the object has been cleaned
several times it takes on a soiled look
which cannot be removed. If the statuary
is given two coats of light ivory
enamel it will then be very easy
to keep in beautiful condition
and will present the appearance
of polished marble.
A Bottle Tooth-Brush
Protector
A dentist once told me to
get a small wide-necked bottle
to keep my tooth brush in to
protect it from dust and to
keep it in a sanitary condition.
It is certainly a most convenient
and satisfactory protection
for the brush. After
brushing the teeth, the brush
should be thoroughly washed
and cleansed, and then pushed
into the bottle for protection as
in the illustration.
TOOTH BRUSH
A Toothbrush Stays
Clean in a Bottle
This Tool Assists in Patching Inner
Tubes
Many times on the road the autoist
must patch an inner tube. To make sure
that the patch is in absolute contact with
the tube at every point depends upon
how well it has been pressed into position.
In emergencies this is usually done
by pounding, squeezing with the fingers,
or placing between two flat stones. None
of these methods insure an absolute
patching job, but
if you will get a
small cabinet maker's
clamp you can
make a tool that
will press the
patch in position
without the least
doubt.
The
Is
R >adsic e Tube
M ade Positive
This Clamp
Repair
with
Drill a small
hole in each jaw of
the clamp in the
exact center. Then
cut out two steel plates about 4 inches
long and 2 inches wide and drill a similar
hole in the center of each of them and
countersink them. Tap out the holes in
the clamp and then screw a plate to each
jaw, making sure the screw head is below
the surface or at least just flush with
it. Place the patched portion of the tube
between the plates and then press well
together by screwing down on the clamp,
being careful, however, not to pinch the
tube so as not to make another air leak.
Easy Lawn Raking
When raking up a lawn it
is far easier to use a wooden
rake than a steel rake. The
pegs of the wooden rake will
not catch in the roots of tlie
grass and it is also a good deal
lighter in weight for handling.
If you have previously used a
steel rake for this purpose, the
light, easy motion with which
the wooden rake will slip over
the grass will be a pleasant surprise
and discovery.
Springs to Keep Gas Stove
Cocks Closed
Anything to safeguard life in the home
is a welcome asset. To keep the cocks
of the gas stove always closed against
the accidental opening by persons passing
or the inquisitive hands of children
is indeed a real necessity. It can be done
by means of small spiral springs attached
to each cock and to the stove body.
Drill a small hole in the stove trim and
in line with the end of the cock handle
when it is closed. Also drill a hole in the
end of the handle. Connect these two
holes with a spiral spring- which has
sufficient pull to keep the cock closed
when not in use. By fitiing the outer
end of the spring
with a hook, it can ^^X/IIVC^- BURNER
be slipped out of
the handle when
the cock is to be
opened to light the
flame, but can be
reinserted in the
hole when the cock
is closed and the
handle turned towards
the stove.
COCK HANDLE:'' MOLE
Springs on the Gas Cocks
Prevent Gas from Leaking
With these springs on, the handle may
be pulled out, but will immediately close
itself as soon as the pressure or pull is
release anil you are always certain of
being safe from gas burns.

Grinding Cage Valves with the
Electric Drill
A job which usually requires considerable
time and trouble is the grinding of
a set of cage-type valves. After the
cages are removed from the motor they
are very troublesome to hold while
By Applying the Proper Pressure the Valve Soon
Takes on a Mirror-Like Polish
grinding. The usual method is to place
them in a vise, but this is unsatisfactory
because they cannot be fastened securely
without danger of breakage or other
damage. A novel method is to place an
electric drill in a vise and insert the valve
stems in the chuck, as shown in the illustration.
The cage is held in the hand.
and after applying the grinding compound
the drill is started. The valve
spins rapidly, the cage remaining stationary
in the hand of the operator.
To Keep the Lawn Fence Neat at
All Times
There is a sense of satisfaction and
an undoubted element of prestige redounding
to the owner of property which
is set off by neat fences. It is not an
easy matter to keep the posts of the ordinary,
light lawn fence in perpendicular
and the wires from sagging; the follow­
ing directions set forth how it may be
done.
The wooden posts should be of twoor
three-inch square stock and the tops
should not be cut off until the posts have
been driven into their places and trued
up.
Set the corner posts first; remember
there must be more post-stock below the
ground than above it in order that the
post be staunch. A hole about eight
inches square and deep should be dug
around the corner posts and mixed con­
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 127
crete poured in. A little earth or sod
may be put over the concrete to present
a neat appearance.
Stretch a string or chalk-line between
two corner posts and set the middle posts
in alignment with the string. When all
the posts have been set, mark on the
corner posts, up from the sidewalk level,
the height at which the upper wire is
stretched. The corner posts should then
be drilled at an angle on the outer half as
shown in the illustration. If you wish to
have two strands of wire, follow a similar
procedure for the second wire. The
wire should be of heavy gage, about an
eighth or three-sixteenths of an inch
thick, and be passed through the drilled
holes and tightened with an attached
turnbuckle.
Staples one and three-quarters inches
long should then be driven into the middle
posts so as to span the wire and give

128 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Cleaning a Straw Hat with a Lemon
Lemon juice will simply, quickly and
inexpensively clean a man's straw hat.
Place the straw hat flat upon a clean sheet
of white paper, after putting something
under the crown to support it under
pressure. Holding a half lemon as
A Lemon Makes an Excellent Cleaner for a Dirty
Straw Hat
shown in illustration, rub the straw with
a circular motion, exerting a little downward
pressure and at the same time
squeezing a little juice from the lemon.
Then use a clean dry hand brush to stir
the dirt loose from the straw's surface,
and help the lemon juice to penetrate
to the corners in the weave. Now wipe
the hat dry with a clean rag. If a little
care is taken, it is unnecessary to remove
the hat band.
How the Phonograph Doctor
Works
Very few persons appreciate just what
ails a phonograph when it commences to
get out of order. Of course by the sound
they know it does not play as it should,
but just what particular thing is the matter
puzzles them. Here are a few
symptoms of phonograph illness and
their cures.
When running, the motor makes a
sudden bump or series of thumps. This
is due generally to a dry spring and
should be taken apart, if possible, by a
repair man and thoroughly cleaned and
greased. A temporary cure is to wind
the spring way up and let it run completely
down several times. This compresses
spring coils and squeezes out the
remaining grease which enters the coils
again when the spring is unwound.
If the motor fails to run a true and
constant speed it is usually a sign that
the governor disk and felts are dry. A
sustained note will waver—first sounding
flat and then sharp. To remedy this,
clean the disk and felts with gasoline and
reoil with phonograph oil. Clean and
grease the gearing at the same time.
Double notes and echoes are often due
to a needle being split—the halves traveling
parallel grooves. The remedy is to
insert a new needle.
Rattles are often caused by some part
of the tone arm or "goose-neck" being
loosely adjusted. See that all parts work
freely, but without extra play.
Keep the needle fastened in tight.
Protecting That Live Switch
The unprotected knife switch is dangerous,
no matter where it is used. A
simple and inexpensive method has been
found to make it a safety switch. By
this method the switch can also be locked
in such a way that it is impossible to
close it accidentally.
This device is a box made from */_inch
material, completely enclosing the
switch, leaving only the handle projecting
out from the top. It is fastened to
the same switchboard as the switch by
means of four L-shaped straps of iron
wdiich are screwed to the box, in turn
being fastened to the switchboard by
screws. The size of the screw's wdll depend
upon the size of the box enclosing
the switch. A lid covers the top of the
box with the exception of a strip large
enough for the switch handle to project
through. This lid is fastened on bv
-B-
*?
SWITCH riANDLE
SWITCH OPE
SWITCH CLOSED
| MATERIAL
The Illustration Shows the Box. With Dimensions,
for Enclosing a Double-throw Switch With 9-Inch
Blades
means of small strap hinges, and when
closed, holds the switch in an open position.
This switch is always safe.

A Well Planned Colonial-Style Double
Bungalow
By C H A R L E S A L M A BYERS
T H E little Coloni al-style bungalow white also. The roof is of wood shingles,
illustrated herew ith might appear, painted grayish green, and the chimney
at first glance, to be but an ordinary wdiich rises out of the roof is constructed
single-family home.
double bungalow,
its interior being
divided into two
distinctly separate
apartments of exactly
identical size
and arrangement.
In interior planning
it is also especially
convenient, practical
and attractive,
while in outward
appearance it is
neat and in every
way pleasing.
On the front is a
single broad porch,
but from this porch
leads a separate
doorway to each
apartment. The
outside walls are of
narrow re-sawed
siding and painted
white, all trimming
material being in
It is, however, a of red brick, while the house foundation
is of concrete.
The rooms of
each compartment,
as will be observed
from the accompanying
floor plan,
consist of living
room, dining room,
kitchen, bathroom
and one bedroom,
besides the usual
rear-entry porch.
The interior finish
is in Colonial style.
The woodwork is
of pine throughout.
In the living rooms,
dining rooms, halls
and bedrooms it is
in old ivory finish,
and in the bathrooms
and kitchens
it is in white en­
PORCH-
amel. All walls are,
of course, plas­
J§L
_•_
tered and surfaced.
129

130 ILLUSTRATED W
Come on, Am
{Continued
ing outfits, of the all-weather cars, of the
great, big, powerful sport busses. Think
of them, and then think of what our
tastes will run to in planes.
When we begin to use planes like the
European people use them we will create
an industry through which a new aeronautical
design could be produced in volume
in thirty days' time. And it would
do something still bigger, it would make
the everyday use of planes practical—because
every town of any size would support
landing fields, public airdromes and
aerial route markings.
American industry has never looked to
the government for support—and I guess
for its own sake that is a good thing.
But the government owes the airplane industry
at least a chance to get back where
it was before Uncle Sam stepped in and
mussed things up.
Our government need not subsidize the
airplane industry nor loan it one penny
All it need do is to help the public, you
and me and our neighbors, appreciate the
fact that airplanes are safe and sane, and
then to afford us a chance to use them.
This could be done by establishing a
few hundred landing fields throughout
the country, by creating good airplane
service stations along the main lines of
travel and to spend for the good of the
airplane industry a tithe of what it spends
for the motor-car industry every year.
Why didn't I reach San Francisco in
my last plane trip ? Because I was not
able to get parts at a well-equipped airdrome
such as Omaha should have had.
Had the airdrome been stocked half as
well as the average garage, I would have
replaced my propeller and landing gear
in an hour or two and been on my way.
How many automobiles do you think
would travel the roads of America if they
received as poor service as the airplane
gets ? Suppose you started for the coast
with the knowledge that there were perhaps
only four points alone the entire line
of travel at which you could get tires,
spark plugs or any kind of service.
Would you make the trip ? Suppose there
was a battery station every thousand
miles and a gas station every three hundred.
Automobiles would be popular,
would they not?
rica—Let's Fly!
rom page 22)
All right—you have the answer. The
government owes the industry considerable
! Let it repay just a trifle of that.
Let it do a hundredth part of what it does
for automobiles, a tenth of what it has
done for the radio. Give the individual
plane owner a chance to tour in comfort!
But suppose the government does not
find time to consider the matter of establishing
airdromes and landing fields;
suppose it cannot afford to spend a few
thousand dollars marking air routes. Will
the industry remain stagnant ?
Not if you and I show a little interest.
In this country the manufacturers will
make anything the public will buy, and
if the public keeps on buying they will
make it better than anybody else in the
world can make it.
The airplane makers of America can
produce the thousand-dollar plane—and
once they can get into quantity production
they can deliver them to us for considerably
less than that figure.
The airplane industry cannot go ahead
without a market for its wares. The
makers of airplanes must know we will
buy their product before they can afford
to take another chance. The government
probably will wait for public insistence
before it will set aside and developlanding
fields, air routes, service stations
and airdromes. And by that time the industry
will probably be doing those
things itself.
Therefore if we intend to get a-wing
the only way to do it is to get a-wing.
When enough of us indicate we want
planes, the manufacturers will make
them. When we fly them the garage man
wdll cater to the flying as well as the driving
trade and communities will be as anxious
to have landing fields as they are to
have highways.
Have we suddenly lost our initiative,
our pioneering instincts, our sporting
blood ? Are we satisfied to dry up on the
side of the road, crane our necks and
watch the young fellows back from the
war do all the flying?
They don't do that in France, in England,
in Germany, in Japan or in Italy.
They get out of the dust over there.
Come on, America, the plane's ready.
Let's fly!

Aquatic Sp<
( Continued
at some time performed over this bit of
water in Honolulu's harbor, their performances
with few exceptions resulting
in the setting of new records. Duke
Kahanamoku, Hawaii's own champion,
has set his world records in the sprints
over this course; while Cann, Langer,
Bleibtrey, Stedman, Ross and many
others whose names are well known to
the swimming world have competed over
the old Transport Slip course in some
of the most thrilling aquatic meets ever
held.
During the past few years the custom
of holding evening swimming meets has
come into favor in Hawaii and has been
adopted for all big events held under the
auspices of the Amateur Athletic Union.
For these affairs tiers of bleachers are
erected on the piers which flank the
swimming course, while huge arc lamps
are strung over the water, throwing it
into brilliant illumination while the
bleachers are left in a sort of half-light.
All Honolulu—or at least all white Honolulu—attends
these meets, and long before
the starter's gun sends the first batch
of contenders on their way, both sets of
bleachers are filled with noisy throngs,
women and men alike generally dressed
in light-colored clothing which imparts
to the massed crowds almost a luminosity
of their own.
From the starter's barge a brown form
launches itself gracefully into the air,
cleaves the water in a clean dive, bobs
out and swims slowly back to the barge.
Another follows, and another, until the
contestants in the first race all have their
initial wetting and are standing, sleek and
dripping, in a tense line awaiting the
crack of the starter's pistol. A hush—
absolute silence—falls over the crowd.
In staccato succession come the orders:
"Ready!—Set!—Bang!" The line of
waiting forms, beginning to lean forward
at the second command, springs outward
as one at the pistol-crack, strikes the
water still in line, and the race is on.
And so, while the white-clad Royal
Hawaiian Band plays gayly beneath the
star-studded tropical sky, sons of many
lands swim their way through another
great meet, viewed and cheered by the
cosmopolitan throngs which Honolulu
rts in Hawaii
rom page 96)
alone can produce. It is a sight worth
going many miles to see.
These things—surf-riding and starlight
swimming meets in an open harbor—constitute
the more unsual features of Hawaii's
activities in and on the water. The
commoner aquatic pastimes are also well
known and quite popular in the islands,
boat racing being a particular favorite at
Ililo, second city of the territory and
bitter rival of Honolulu in all things.
One of Hawaii's regular holidays is Regatta
Day, occurring in September, at
which time boat crews representing Honolulu
and Hilo strive valiantly for supremacy
in Honolulu harbor. Yachting
has also been indulged in to a considerable
extent, although there are no active
yachting organizations in the islands at the
present time, and there is some interest
in motor-boat racing. Lack of a smoothwater
course of any length limits the possibilities
of this sport, however.
Many Hawaiians excel in one other
branch of the swimmer's art, namely, diving.
From early childhood the Hawaiianborn
boy knows how to dive. He frequently
learns in the harbor, diving for
coins tossed by steamship passengers. As
he grows older he begins to climb up the
sides of vessels and to dive from there ;
then to make his way to the decks and to
dive from the very topmost one. With
this early training it takes but a little expert
instruction to make diving champions
as well as swimming champions out
of Hawaii's sons. Truly the wonder is
that other parts of the world are able to
compete at all against Hawaii with her
natural advantages.
What Will Science Want Next?
1V/I EN of science sometimes make ex-
*'* traordinary demands upon the skill
of instrument-makers. An interesting
illustration is furnished by the instrument
called the "microtome," the purpose of
which is to cut excessively thin slices, or
sections, or various substances, such as
animal or vegetable tissues, for microscopic
examination. Microtomes have
been devised which, it is claimed, can cut
successive sections each only one twelvethousandths
of an inch thick.

Hook Your Electric Fan to a Humidifier
To Keep the Home and Office Cool
By S. R. WINTERS
w
HERE it is desirable to maintain
a constant degree of moisture,
a humidifier can be built
and installed to advantage. This apparatus,
although primarily designed for
controlling the humidity in fruit packing
and storage houses, can be easily
modified for the
h o m e , office or
cafe. Preliminary
experiments have
already demonstrated
its usefuln
e s s in living
rooms, where the
humidity m a y be
increased, a condition
especially desirable
in sweltering
weather.
The humidifier is
the product of scientific
efforts to increase
the relative
moisture content in
lemon curing
rooms. A series of
failures crowned
the initial experiments.
A method of
producing humidity
by the evaporation
of water from saturated cloths did not
prove successful because cotton and
similar fabrics did not retain enough
moisture. Tests, including the use of
a great variety of fabrics, ultimately
determined Russian crash as having
the greatest efficiency in the retention
of water. This is an extremely coarse
linen cloth, which is widely used in
manufacturing towels and for decorative
purposes. The efficiency of the
crude humidifier was enhanced by the
application of this coarse linen fabric,
but under the conditions then prevailing
its imperfections were apparent
when the atmosphere was extremely
dry. The upper cloths of the evaporation
pans were readily robbed of their
The Complete Apparatus Ready for Installation Will
Appear as Shown Above. And It Certainly Will Put
the "Humidity" in Your Home at Minimum Expense
moisture by the air of the electric fan,
132
essential to the operation of the improvised
as well as the improved humidifier.
The inventor then conceived a machine
equipped with two water pans,
one above the other. Strips of cloth
extended through slots in the bottom
of the upper to the
lower pan. By this
arrangement it was
presumed to be
feasible to control
the flow of water
from the upper pan
to the cloths
through the slots
by pressing the latter
together by the
use of thumbscrews.
This theory
did not "pan
out" in practice.
Subsequently, the
inventive mind
grasped the idea of
raising the sides of
the slots several
inches, so that they
protruded above
the water in the top
pan. The cloths
were then forced
through the elevated slots and the edges
permitted to gain admittance into the
water at the bottom of the pan. When
subjected to these conditions, the water
in the pan was raised on the cloths
by capillarity—an influence produced
when a liquid comes in contact wdth a
hair-like tube—to the top of the elevated
slots. Thence the water dropped down
through the suspended cloths by gravity
and the action of capillarity combined.
Structurally, the upper pan of this
moisture - controlling device is 36
inches long, 24 inches wide, and 6
inches deep. The lower pan is of like
dimensions. The side of the cloth
chamber, which is open at both ends,
is 36 inches long and 20 inches high,
connecting the upper and lower pans.

The elevated slots are 4 inches high
and approach within half an inch of
either end of the upper pan. Thus they
are secured firmly in position. The
upper ends of the raised slots are
spread slightly, a provision allowing
easy passage of the strips of cloth. The
metal parts of the humidifier, including
pans and sides, are constructed of galvanized
steel of medium weight. The
corners of the cloth chamber are fortified
with angle iron. The upper edges
of the coarse linen fabric or Russian
crash, previously described, are forced
through the elevated slots and permitted
to find a resting place in the water
of the upper pan. The bottom edges
of the fabric are bound wdth strips of
sheet metal, in the interest of fixedness.
These bound edges of the fabric strips
are secured in the lower pan by use of
spring clips or clamps which are soldered
to the bottom of this water compartment.
The dimensions of these
strips of cloth, 35 inches wide and 36
inches long, are such as to fit the raised
slots and likewise extend from the lower
pan through the elevated openings and
drop over into the
water in the upper
pan.
Conclusive observations
determined
the feasibility of
regulating the flow
of water from the
upper pan through
the cloths t o t h e
lower pan by varying
the heights of
the elevated slots.
Thus, a variation of
the length of the
fabric through
which the water is
drawn by the action
of capillarity
changes the rate of
flow of the liquid.
Or, differently expressed, the higher the
raised slot is projected above the water
the slower is the passage of the liquid to
the lower pan.
Homes, offices, hotels and restaurants
may construct one of these moisture-increasing
machines, with certain
modifications, at a cost not exceeding
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 133
UPPER
'EVAPORATION PAT1
XT!
CLOTH CHAHBER
I 1
LOWER
EVAPORATION PAn
$25. This figure does not include the
expense of an electric fan, which is essential
to its operation. One humidifier
will improve the atmosphere in five
rooms. The cost of operation will depend
on the expense of operating the
electric fan. The depreciation in value
of the humidifier is almost negligible.
The operation of the apparatus is simple,
the only attention necessary being
that given the functioning of a common
electric fan and to replenish the
water in the upper pan of the humidifier.
If impure water is used in the
outfit, the cloths for absorbing the
liquid will need occasional washing. A
standard thermometer hung in a permanent
place in each room will reveal
the moisture present as increased or
decreased by the humidifier.
Releasing Recalcitrant Rustments
When a bolt or nut on your car has
rusted in place and you wish to remove
it, the natural act is to put on a dash of
oil. Kerosene is better for this purpose
as it will penetrate quicker. Occasionally,
however, a severe rusting will
SECIIOPIAL VIEW .HOU.NT,
ihTEPIOR consrnucTiori
Outside and Inside Views of the Humidifier. Showing
the Method of Evaporation and Position of Water Pans
hardly be affected
by kerosene unless
it is allowed to soak
for an extended period.
A mixture
that penetrates
readily and loosens
the rusted parts can
be made by combining
cylinder oil,
kerosene, ether, and
d e floccula ted
graphite. Deflocculated
graphite is
graphite reduced to
an exceeding fineness.
The ether will
find its way into
the most minute
crevice and thus
makes a lead for the
graphite, kerosene, and oil to follow. If
the bolt or nut be tapped lightly with a
hammer, and the mixture applied with
the consistency of thin milk, the combined
action will loosen the most stubborn
case. In this manner the bolt or
nut, instead of being split and ruined
with a cold chisel, will be uninjured.

Gear
Testing
Yours for Economy
Answers to Much-Asked Motor Car Questions
By FRED GILMAN JOPP
A simple test for wear in the transmission,
or broken teeth of the gears,
is to drive the car slowly for
a short distance in each
speed, including reverse.
Badly worn gears or broken teeth will
cause the gear shift lever to vibrate,
ami can be felt by the driver by placing
his hands on the lever while the
car is in motion.
Every time a spark plug is removed
for cleaning or adjusting the points, a
Spark
Plugs
little graphite should be
spread on the thread. This
will permit the plug to be
set down to its limit without danger
of destroying the threads, and at the
same time the graphite will help prevent
leakage of the gas under compression.
And, best of all, the plugs will
come out easilv next time.
When a motorist is placed in a dangerous
position, such as crossing the
Don'l
Stall
highway or railroad track, it
is vitally important that the
opening of the throttle is not
made too suddenly. If he accelerates
too quickly the engine usually stalls.
This is because the air valve yields
readily to the increased suction, giving
a sudden rush of air before the spraynozzle
can respond with sufficient
gasoline.
When tightening nuts which hold
terminals to spark plugs, the wdre
_,. .. should be held firmly with
lightening , , , ., , J
Dl .... one hand while the nuts are
Plug Wires . . . , . . ,
being tightened with a pair
of pliers in the other hand. The wires
should always be left in such a position
that their "spring" will tend to tighten
rather than to loosen the nuts. Care
should also be exercised, while tightening
them with pliers, to keep from
twisting the central wire of the spark
plug or electrode loose in the porcelain
insulation.
H4
Motor car owners, using machines
fitted with wire wheels, should inspect
the spokes from time to time L
to see that thev do not work o—_»
T r , i 1 Spokes
loose. If the spokes become
loose draw them up until they are
tight. Any looseness can be readily
determined by the sound of the spoke
when struck with some metallic object.
A temporary repair of the gasoline
feed line can be readily made. After
the gasoline is shut off at CasLin
the tank, tape is wrapped RJJr
around the break and for
about two inches on each side. A layer
of fine copper wdre is wound over the
tape tightly, closely and evenly. Another
layer or two of tape is then
placed over the wire, after which a fewturns
of wire are wound over the tape
to prevent it from unwrapping.
Approximately seveny-five per cent
of the estimated total of 8,000 gasoline
stations in New York alone „, ,
. , Short
are giving motorists short ,,
° & ,. ,,., Measure
measure on gasoline. \\ hat
are those in vour town doing? New-
Yorkers pay from $300,000 to $500,000
for gasoline they do not get. In other
words, keep your eye on the pump,
and beware of filling stations where
the delivery is outside and the pump
inside When the removing building. the cylinder head of
an engine, care should be exercised not
to dent or otherwise injure . „ , .
_ii i \ __ -i • A Gasket
the large gasket. After this ...
_ ! _ _ . _ . J Warning
gasket has been removed,
both sides should be carefully cleaned
and then painted with a solution of
gum shellac dissolved in alcohol, just
before it is returned to the engine. In
replacing the cylinder head the bolts
should be firmly tightened and the engine
should run until the metal is
thoroughly warm, then the bolts can
be given another tightening all around.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 135
Seattle's Examp
(Continued fs >m page 91)
of oil were unloaded and piled three tiers
high at a cost of thirty-five cents a ton, or
nine cents a barrel. Three thousand tons
of bean cake and sugar were unloaded
and handled by tractors, trailers and
loading platforms at a cost of twenty
cents a ton. Over the same pier six
fifty-five-ton boilers were loaded by the
derrick from car to ship at an average
speed of a boiler every thirteen minutes.
Pier B, which is now outfitted as a
passenger terminal for the Nippon Yusen
Kaisha, a Japanese line, and for United
States Shipping Board five hundred and
thirty-five-foot liners operated from Seattle
by the Pacific Steamship Company,
is, like Pier A, capable of accommodating
eight large ocean-going vessels. Pier A
has in actual practice accommodated sixoverseas
vessels, loading and unloading
at one time without any noticeable congestion.
During the year 1919 a total of
one million one hundred thousand tons
were handled over this one pier. Pier A
cost $1,500,000 five years ago, and Pier
B, constructed more recently, represents
an investment of $2,500,000.
Seattle is the cheapest port on the
Pacific Coast for the ship operator. While
in other parts steamship companies are
required to pay rental for piers or a
certain amount to secure preferential
assignments for berthage, a ship can sail
into the harbor of Seattle from any place
in the world and get a berthage at one
of the city's publicly operated docks,
without any cost whatever for that privilege.
When one compares this situation with
the Port of New York, for instance,
where steamship lines are now paying as
high as $300,000 a year for a narrow and
inefficient terminal, one grasps the significance
of the municipal docks of Seattle,
which are free to the shipping world. As
a matter of fact, several of the larger
private-dock interests some time ago
joined with the Seattle Port Commission
in adopting a new tariff which eliminates
all wharfage charges against the shipper.
In a word, all these terminals are now a
free highway, open alike to freight connection
and ship approach.
The phenomenal jump of the Puget
Sound gateway from twenty-first to sec-
e for Seaports
ond place in the commerce of the United
States during the ten-year period between
1910 and 1920 is due, in addition
to the excellent harbor and port facilities
of Seattle, to certain other causes. In
the first place, four transcontinental lines
and connections, together with three
other trunk lines, reach Seattle, thus giving
it more railroads than serve any other
Pacific Coast port; Puget Sound is the
outlet for the unsurpassed natural wealth
of lumber, agricultural products,
minerals and manufactures of the Pacific
Northwest; and Seattle is the nearest
American port to Asia.
Six years ago Seattle became the chief
American port for the handling of imports
and exports to and from Asia.
Japanese lines, eager to send their ships
over the shortest course to the mainland
of America and anxious to take advantage
of the rail transportation at Seattle's
back, have made Puget Sound their chief
terminal on the Pacific Coast. The United
States Shipping Board long ago recognized
that Seattle was to become the
chief competitive point on the Pacific
Coast and made preparations to meet the
competition of Japanese and British lines
long established there, the first step in
this direction being the allocation of five
of its five hundred and thirty-five-foot
liners to operate between Seattle and the
Orient. These ships go from Seattle to
Japan in ten days, the fastest sailing time
"between the United States and the Far
East. With all these things in its favor,
Seattle is naturally seeing visions.
Fossils Fc und by X-Rays
A CURIOUS pplication of the X-rays
to the disco\ ery of unseen things was
made by Professor Lemoine at Rheims.
The chalk strata in that part of France
contains the fossil bones of birds, reptiles
and mammals, and frequently these are
shattered in the attempt at removal. It
occurred to Professor Lemoine that the
embedded fossils might be photographed
by the aid of the X-rays, since the latter
pass readily through chalk, but are largely
intercepted by the phosphates of bones.
The resulting photographs clearly indicated
the details of the hidden fossils.

136 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
:
Through Darkest A rica by Automobile
(Continued f\
over. This particular elephant took great
delight in standing close to the campfires.
Several times he went to sleep standing
close to the fire, burned his legs and almost
fell among the flames.
For the most part, the Shantz party
met with fairly good going through the
jungles. Sometimes they had to cut
trails for the cars, and at other points
they had to erect crude bridges over
streams. Occasionally, thirty-five to
forty natives would carry the light motor
trucks across the rivers. The party killed
sufficient small game for meat and carried
the other essential provisions. Bush
boys accompanied the train to help with
the work and carry the baggage. These
natives had to be supplied with their daily
allowance of liquor or else they would
revolt.
There are a number of automobiles in
Africa, and the majority of them came
from America. The native chieftains
covet the motor cars as keenly as do the
redskins of the United States. It is a
strange sight to see one of these tribesmen
wearing no clothes at all, or considerably
less than the American law requires,
driving a motor car—a mechanical
contrivance several centuries in advance
of his standard of living. An African
native rises into the plutocratic class
immediately when he acquires possession
of a discarded beaver hat and perhaps a
tireless automobile. In fact, it is not at
all uncommon for the natives to be seen
driving cars that have no pneumatic tires.
The high price of gasoline—much of
which is imported from America—prohibits
any great popularity of the automotive
vehicles. The cheaper models are
now being used largely by the big game
hunting expeditions in Africa. The cars
provide quick transportation. Night
hunting is practiced by using a special
headlight lens that reflects the light from
the animal's eyes and thus enables the
hunter to make deadly aim.
The direct result of this expedition was
the introduction of fifteen hundred new
plants, forages, fruits and grains to this
country from Africa. Many of these
specimens indicate great potential possibilities
for commercial production in
America. Detailed data regarding novel
om page 6$)
and strange modes of agricultural practice
followed in Africa were also fruits
of this unusual exploration. The expedition
was not without mishap as two of its
members were killed in a railroad accident.
Two others were just able to survive
severe attacks of jungle fever. Altogether
the trip covered nine thousand
miles. The journey was made by boat,
' rail, automobile and on foot. Peculiarly
enough, the party had to furnish its own
food, wood, cook and beds on the African
boats and steamers, the custom being for
the transportation companies to care for
nothing but the conveyance of the travelers
from one port to another. The
Kimberley diamond region and the goldmining
sections of Pretoria and Johannesberg
were visited.
Dr. Shantz reports that big game is
still abundant in East Africa. A license
from the government which privileges
the hunter to shoot big game costs seven
hundred and fifty dollars. The nimrod
must purchase an additional and costly
permit if he wants to gun after elephant
or giraffe. The natives in the sections of
Africa where the ferocious animals are
most plentiful, for the most part, are
kindly disposed toward the white hunters
and explorers.
"The popular opinions about Africa in
many respects are wrong." remarked Dr.
Shantz during our interview. "Africa is
not all a wilderness and jungle. There
is much agricultural land wdiich is tilled
and produces large economic crops. It is
not a country with a torrid, muggy climate.
Even in the Congo jungles the
thermometer seldom rises above 85 degrees.
The year-around climate right
close to the equator in the latitude of
Nairobi is comfortable and occasionally
the mercury drops so low that travelers
suffer from the extreme cold. Africa is
not the unhealthy hole that it is frequently
described to be. Malaria is about
the only serious disease which attacks
white men and it can be prevented readily
enough. There is some danger from the
tsetse fly wliich causes sleeping sickness
but there now is a remedy available
which cures at least 75 per cent of the
cases of sleeping sickness which are
caught in time and treated properly."

Washington—Our C Capital Incomparable
(.Continued 'rom page 39)
was designed to stand at the point where
a line drawn due west from the center
of the Capitol would intersect a line
drawn due south from the center of the
White House, but the difficulty of securing
an adequate foundation at that spot
caused its erection on the present site,
which is on neither line. The Memorial
centers on an extension of the east and
west line. The growth of the city is
oddly illustrated by the fact that this
site was contested on the ground that the
flats were so remote and so malarial that
"the building would shake itself down
with loneliness and ague." But by the
time the construction work was begun,
new driveways had made the location so
popular that the needed degree of isolation
had to be secured by planting trees.
Opposite the President's Park, along
Seventeenth Street, the Corcoran Art
Gallery, Red Cross Building, Continental
Hall, and Pan-American Building each
adds a specific patriotic interest to its
architectural beauty. Beyond these are
playgrounds where baseball, tennis,
la crosse, and other sports build up the
physical resources of the workers in the
government offices. Potomac Park to
the westward offers golf links, polo
grounds, a speedway, and a large tidal
basin in which citizens may swdm, row,
and fish. Five minutes' walk from the
office to a string of perch, and daylight
saving giving the government employee
all the time from three o'clock till dinner
time to catch them!
At the mouth of the Anacostia river,
where tidal flats once sent up a stench
of decaying organic matter, the army
now has a flying field and the Navy an
air station whose radio concerts are
heard from the Atlantic seaboard to
Nebraska.
But future developments will even
surpass the accomplishments of the past
twenty years. Temporary buildings
erected to house war workers are to be
removed from twelve squares between
the Union Station and the Capitol. This
tract and land now vacant and unimproved,
will be developed in harmony
with the plaza. The Supreme Court,
now housed in the Capitol, will have a
worthy building to the east of it. The
gravestone factory, billboards, and nondescript
buildings below the House
Office Buildings will give way to gardens.
The Memorial to General Grant, unveiled
this year in the Botanical Gardens,
has a base designed as a reviewing stand.
Eventually the Gardens will be removed
to a better location on 367 acres in the
Mount Hamilton tract, the purchase of
which made available 433 adjoining
acres in the valley of the Anacostia.
Then the parades which make Pennsylvania
Avenue a center of national interest
at frequent intervals will pass before
the statue of the famous General-President.
A George Washington Memorial is
planned to occupy the site of the former
Pennsylvania Railroad station. When
constructed it will be a building with a
large auditorium and several smaller
halls. Between Seventh and Ninth
Streets in the Mall a space is reserved
for the National Gallery of Art.
The Reflecting Basin, 2,000 feet long
and 200 feet wide, which mirrors the
Lincoln Memorial, will be as beautiful
and as reposeful as those at Versailles,
Fontainebleau, and Hampton Court
when its borders of green and its walls
of trees are developed and the temporary
Navy and Munitions buildings erected
during the war removed from the north
side. At its head the great rond-point
in which the Memorial stands is a gateway
to the District of Columbia's entire
park system. A memorial bridge will
cross the Potomac from the rond-point
and boulevards will take the place of the
narrow, winding roads that now lead to
Arlington, Ft. Myer, and Mt. Vernon.
Monument Gardens are to enhance the
grandeur of the Washington Monument,
taking the place of the present inadequate
surroundings. The space to the
south will be occupied by a memorial to
the makers of the Constitution, the
heroes of the World War, or a monument
of other high significance.
Around Lafayette Square, which faces
the White House, there will arise buildings
for the> use of executive departments.
Others will be located between
(Continued on page ll}8)

138 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Camels Are Coming
(Continued f
history has to offer us and in its way is
symbolic of things that are happening
today.
The general who led the Romans was
Crassus, the famous colleague of Julius
Caesar. He had a splendid and wellequipped
army, particularly strong in
.cavalry. He led them against the Parthians,
a south Russian tribe that at that
time was very strong and had raised up
an empire that threatened Rome itself.
They. too. were splendid horsemen and
they knew a few things about horses of
which the Romans were ignorant. One
was the fact that the horse has a mortal
dreatl of the camel. Why, it is hard to
tell, but scientists try to explain it by the
fact that biologically tbey are relatives
and the same bad feelings exist between
them as between relatives everywhere.
Knowing that Crassus would depend
very largely upon his horse, the wily
Parthians waited for the cavalry charge.
When the chargers were near enough,
they drew up a troop of camels. The
horses stopped dead in their tracks; they
turned around and, quivering with terror,
they fled. Nothing could stop them.
It began tbe rout which ended in the
greatest military disaster Rome had ever
experienced.
This equine fear of the camel was in
a remarkable way prophetic of the fate
of horse and camel which is being played
today. It appears that the horse, already
in a large measure displaced by the automobile,
is being threatened from another
quarter, namely, his ancient foe,
the camel.
It has been said that next to man the
most remarkable animal in the world is
the camel. If, as some scientists declare.
evolution is voluntary and what an
animal is today depends upon what he
intended to become in the long, long
ago, then it must be said that this extra­
ordinary beast has displayed a tremendous
amount of intelligence to will himself
into his present status. No better
ways of solving the problems of existence
upon this globe have been perfected than
the methods of the camel. All the inclemencies
of nature have been provided
for.
In the first place, he has allowed no
roni page 69)
refinement of appetite to keep him
from coarse, rough food. He has exceedingly
strong and powerful teeth
which permit him to bite and tear off
leaves, hard vegetables, tangled shrubbery,
and even bark, if other food is not
available.
Then he is almost an ideal storehouse.
As is well known, the animal can go for
days without drinking. This is because
his stomach is so constructed that, as he
takes in his water, it filters through his
interior organs into special sacs where
it is stored up.
It is not so well known that the camel
is equally as well protected against the
scarcity of food. The humps which are
so much the peculiar mark of the camel
are nothing but stores of food. They
consist of accumulations of fat, which is
nature's way of storing up energy. The
camel can remain for a long time without
food because of this remarkable protection.
So the camel's hump is similar
in one respect to the corporations of
portly people, only the camel has placed
it on his back where it does not hamper
him in the least and wdiere it is at times
very serviceable in keeping him alive.
And the height of a camel's hump is a
measure of his health. Unlike fat people,
the bigger tbe heap of fat, the more
certain a sign is it of the general wellbeing
of the beast.
Besides these advantages, the construction
of the skin enables the camel
to stand incredible heat. After a long
and exhausting journey, when he is relieved
of bis burden and permitted to
rest, he does not. as do other burden
animals, seelc a shady spot, but stretches
out wdiere the sun is hottest and lies in
it with a look that seems to suggest that
he is enjoying the greatest luxury the
world affords. His resistance to cold is
no less wonderful. In winter weather
he grows a heavy pelt of hair which is
• a truly admirable protection against wind
and chills.
In a sandstorm a camel is the only
animal that can survive. He has the remarkable
ability, another evidence of the
phenomenal natural protection which
makes him the most perfectly developed
animal in the world, of closing his nos-

trils and keeping his breath for long
periods of time. By huddling down behind
him and throwing the robe over his
head, the camel driver has often saved
his own life.
For the people among whom he is the
beast of burden he serves more purposes
than any other domesticated animal
known. He is not only a carrier, but he
is a source of meat supply, his meat
being tender and in flavor like veal. The
female camels yield palatable milk, the
hair is used for cloth and a great variety
of other purposes, and of course in
emergencies the camel is used for the
water reserve in his body.
These beasts have a longer life than
the usual draft animal. They show that
they are high up in the animal scale by
the fact that they are born singly and not
in a litter ; that they take a long time in
development and are not fully mature
until they are seventeen to eighteen years
old. Their life span is much greater that
that of the horse, averaging between
forty and fifty years.
At about the age of four the youngcamel
is given his first lessons to fit him
for his career. He is taught the signals
for kneeling down for loading, and for
getting up for the journey. Wdiat he
need not be taught is just what load he
can carry. The straw that broke the
camel's back is an imaginary straw, for
the camel would have refused to carry
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 139
it. When the animal feels that his load
is too heavy, he absolutely refuses to
move and nothing can stir him. This
intelligent quality of the camel has been
a great money-saver to the owners who
have been saved from losses in their live
stock through the wisdom of their beasts.
But the load that a camel can carry
normally is very great, ranging between
five hundred and a thousand pounds.
Fully loaded they can do thirty miles a
day for three days, without food or
water. Lightly loaded they can do over
fifty miles for five days without food or
water. Special breeds trained for speed
can make up to a hundred miles a day
for days at a time.
Since he can eat almost anything and
sleep almost anywhere, the cost of upkeep
of this remarkable beast is exceedingly
small and is one of the advantages
which make his competition with horses
and their costly board a grave thing.
The camel has been a long time in
coming into his own, as he is the very
first animal as far as tradition and history
can tell that man tamed and put to
his service. The first mention in the
Bible of domesticated animals is the herd
of six thousand camels possessed by the
patriarch Abraham. Egyptian records
of an even earlier date also mention the
camel. A horse came many centuries
afterward and was tamed by northern
races and gradually migrated south.
How the Timber Sleuths Track Firebugs
(Continued from page 16)
forces them to jump out abruptly. The affected to a large de: ree by the size of
direction in which mud is splashed out the load and the air pressure in the tires.
of a mudhole or depression also indicates When the load is heavy, a higher piling
the direction in which the motor car is up of the dust ridges occurs wliich is left
going. Traction slips which occur in in the center of the wheel tracks by the
ascending steep grades are illuminative suction and thrust or traction on the
of similar facts. Furthermore, the turn pneumatic tires.
on curves is usually more abrupt on leav­ In cases where ihe wilderness watching
than on entering a curve.
men are unable lo make satisfactory im­
The excessive speed of the car—if it pressions of the footprints of either men
is traveling very fast—is disclosed by or animals, they photograph the tracks
swirl disturbances of the track, the dis­ and, subsequently, introduce the pictures
tance of the sidethrow of sand, mud or into court as evidence. In making such
water, the side lurches on a rough road an exposure, the forest ranger places the
and the length of the wheel jump in pass­ camera lens exactly parallel to the suring
over obstructions. The size of the face to be photographed in order to avoid
car is indicated approximately by the any distortion of perspective of the ob­
width of the tire tread, although this is ject in the picture.

140 ILLUSTRATI :D WORLD
The Mountain of
(Continued fr<
The railroad extends to Ashford,
through a beautiful country, and from
here the park auto stages complete the
trip. Leaving Ashford, the tourist enters
one of the densest forests of the temperate
zone, climbing the incline on a
fine, smooth road amidst giants unequaled
save in California. There are
noble firs, spruces, hemlocks and others.
Most prominent is the Douglas Fir,
growing erect as a plumb line, two hundred
feet and higher above the ground
to where tbe branches form a cloak,
above which its head towers majestically.
Longmire Springs is the local point
for outings and here is the grandest view
of the mountain from its immediate base,
2,700 feet elevation. One can pass
a week or a fortnight seeing newviews
of marvelous interest each hour.
The fine auto boulevard continues along
the Nisqually to below the nose of the
Nisqually Glacier, then winds up two
thousand feet in six hours to Paradise
Park and Cam]) of the Clouds, where
there is a comfortable tent hotel. From
here the start for the summit is made.
All other outings from Longmire Springs
are by trails, in saddle or on foot, rambles
of a mile to twenty- and thirty-mile
hikes, as desired. There is a cheery
camp hotel at Indian Henry's Hunting
Ground which some aver is the beauty
place of all. Van Trump Park, Eagle
Park and Ohanapecosh Springs are
amoung the outings that will delight the
mountaineer. Two miles south and
Mount Rainier Park boundary is passed,
where trout and game invitingly abound.
In the upper forest horizons the wonder
flowers appear, becoming dense with
the higher altitudes, until everywhere
there is a sea of all colors. They reach
in billows clear to the snow-line, whereever
there is a bit of soil, the most
venturesome forcing their way through
the lower limits of the melting snow.
John Muir placed the Mount Rainier
flora ahead of the two leading rivals,
Alaska and the Yosemite, and an opposing
opinion has not been voiced.
Nature, the supreme landscape architect,
has given our noblest glacier-clad
landmark an evergreen-forest setting,
adorned with vast masses of flowers
the Great Snow
m page 101)
which form scenic combinations impossible
to portray by word or picture, for
environment and atmosphere are lacking.
No vocabulary, no camera, no pencil, no
art coloring can do more than suggest
what can be seen.
A commanding promontory nearly
seven thousand feet in altitude, provides
a panoramic view most wonderful to behold.
Just beyond the foothills visible
toward the west are the green valleys in
which metropolitan cities lay. Yet here,
almost in sight of them, we enjoy a
quietude known only to the haunts of
nature. More than seven thousand feet
above towers the second highest pinnacle
in the United States, reserving observation
to the north until its summit should
be reached, while far toward the east
and the south extends range upon range
of mountain peaks, like an army of
giants gathered around their chief.
No grander expression of Nature's
sculptural art exists than this mighty
pinnacle. Mount Rainier rises nearly
three miles high measured from sea
level. It rises nearly two miles from its
immediate base. Once it was a finished
cone like the sacred Fujiyama. At that
time the peak was probably sixteen
thousand feet high. Indian legends tell
of the great eruption which blew its
top off.
One of the most interesting glaciers
is Carbon on the north side, which is
little visited by tourists who each year
throng through the park. This great
body reaches down to a lower elevation
than does any other in tbe park; the
most readily reached is Nisqually. five
miles in length ; and the largest is the
Wdiite or Emmon's. Other primary
glaciers are the Cowlitz, Ingraham, Winthrop,
North and South Mowich, Puyallup,
North and South Tahoma, and the
Kautz. The most important secondary
glaciers are Van Trump, Frying-Pan,
Stevens, Paradise and Interglsrier.
Several species of minute insects live
in the ice, hopping about like tiny fleas.
They are harder to see than the sandfleas
at the seashore because much
smaller. Slender, dark-brown worms
live in countless millions in the surface
ice. Microscopic rose-colored plants also

i____u_5uxr-TED WORLD 141
thrive in such great numbers that they falls of rare beauty as they go tumbling
tint the surface here and there, making from the melting glaciers to the sea.
what is commonly called "red snow." Excellent trails, built by the government,
The summit of Mount Rainier may be lead to every point of interest and ex­
reached by five different routes. These tend clear around the mountain. Camp­
are the Paradise Valley, Indian Henry's, ing places are plentiful or accommoda­
the Kautz Glacier, Ptarmigan Ridge, and tions may be obtained at comfortable
Emmon's or the White Glacier route. hotels.
The Paradise Valley (known also as the The National Park Inn is nine miles in
"Gibraltar") route, on the south side, is an air line from the summit of Mount
by far the most popular, for it is well Rainier. Next to the ascent of the great
provided with hotel accommodations, peak, one of the most inspiring experi­
and both the government road and Paraences is the climb to Eagle Peak, where
dise trail lead right up to the Camp of the view equals in splendor anything
the Clouds, at the mountain's foot. that the world has to offer. This peak
It is usual to leave this tented village is six thousand feet high and its summit
at midnight, arriving at Muir Camp is reached by a foot trail from the inn.
(10,062 feet elevation) at about 5 a. m., The distance is less than three miles and
and Columbia Crest, the highest point on the trail is safe for women and children.
the mountain, at about 11 a. m. From The view includes the entire Nisqually
this celestial height one may see more Valley and a grand panorama of moun­
than a hundred miles in every direction, tains, including Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams,
far away to the ocean on the west and Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Jefferson, and Mt.
into the great inland empire on the Baker.
east. Snow-capped peaks are seen toward The summit of the Ramparts, facing
the south, Mount Olympus to the north­ the inn on the west, is reached by a new
west, and Baker, Shuksan, Stuart and trail less than a mile and a half in
Glacier Peak to the north; while the length. This eminence affords a splen­
Mother, the Sluiskin, the Sourdough did view of the Nisqually Valley, with
Mountains, and the Tatoosh Range near the government road winding in and out
by seem like mere foothills, between among the peaks, and the big mountain
eight and nine thousand feet below. No itself strikingly near. The climb is an
more inspiring view may be observed easy one over a perfectly safe trail.
anywhere in tbe world.
Some of the majestic and rugged
Scaling Mount Rainier is a feat un­ scenery in the park is found on the way
dertaken by only a few, and always with to Indian Henry's Hunting Ground, over
the aid of an experienced guide. The the pony trail that crosses the Cowlitz
largest measure of real joy is found in River, across the immense mountain wall
the mountain parks. The best known called the Rampart, and then into the
and most frequented of these parks is most enchanting little park, in which are
along the Paradise River. Tributary to set jewels of lakes and groups of small
it and reaching from Longmire are In­ evergreens of wonderful symmetry and
dian Henry's, Van Trump, Cowlitz and richness of color.
Magnetic Parks. Others, requiring more For the tourist who desires a taste of
time to visit are Snmmerland, one of the mountain climbing without its hardships
largest and most beautiful, Elysian and hazards, Iron and Copper mountains
Fields, Morain, Saint Andrews and and Mount Arrarat, the latter rich in
Grand Parks.
fossils, furnish opportunity for an easy
Surrounded by rugged peaks and snow ascent. Here also will be found a carpet
fields these natural amphitheaters present of rare flowers, many of which grow
a pleasing contrast. Scarcely any under­ nowhere else in the world.
brush exists in them but many beautiful The whole region is dotted with charm­
flowers, shrubs, and trees abound ; three ing little lakes, a visit to any one of which
hundred distinct plants are said to grow is well worth the journey. This trip
there ; pretty lakelets gem their surface ; can easily be made in one day, over a
and all are drained by trickling streams fine seven-mile pony trail, affording the
or cut by raging rivers producing water­ tourist many scenic views.

142 ILLUSTRATED WCX__
A New Wo
(Continued
fices wdiich they raise exceed our Pyramids
and Woolworth buildings. These
mounds are raised in such a way that the
sunlight will have the desired effect upon
them. They are not mere sand heaps but
have been mixed in a curious fashion out
of earth and lime in such a way as to produce
a durable cement.
Other fascinating ways in which insects
solve their housing problems in
their crowded communities could be mentioned,
but the life that they live in their
organizations is far more wonderful and
terrifying. According to Professor Bouvier
there is no such thing among insects
of the higher group as a square peg in a
round hole. Each individual has its definite
function. A scientific division of
labor and a specialization that would put
our efficiency experts to shame is the accomplished
fact in insect society.
That disturbing function called sex is
not the function of every individual.
Neither mooning nor spooning, which diverts
mankind from efficiency, is tolerated
there. Special males and females are produced
for the special task of replenishing
the race. Others are assigned to the task
of workers and perform the labors of tbe
community. These labors are subdivided.
Some of the inhabitants of the
insect colonies are nurses for the young;
some act as the cupboards and preserve
pantry, since their duties are to load up
with food which can be extracted from
them at a time of necessity ; and some are
soldiers and watchmen at the doors and
entrances of the colonies. Tbey have
from birth an equipment of weapons and
defenses which fits them for this task.
What science is despairingly working
for is one of the commonplaces of insect
existence. The various classes are not
specialized by training but by a development
that proceeds from birth. They are
born in their special spheres and the
colony seems careful to determine how
many of a kind of each requisite order
shall be born. Realizing the importance
of the sexually specialized members of
the family, certain intermediate types are
produced. In a sense, they are the understudies
of the sexually endowed. In
case of an accident to either the male or
female, one of these is subjected to a
Id War Is on
rom page IS)
treatment which changes it to the required
sex. Thus sex determination, the
goal of science, has been attained by our
rivals.
In addition to these extraordinary developments
insects have in some cases
developed an astoundingly complex life
of cycles in which at each stage they prey
upon and destroy an enemy. The methods
are as yet unknown to science and
offer an important field that must be
studied. The goal of human society—
an organization in which each individual
has his proper place and where life is
carried on in absolute harmony—has long
since been attained in the insect world.
Such a thing as communication, which
man seems confident has been attained
only by him, has, Professor Bouvier affirms,
been reached by the insects. With
their marvelous antennae, which are the
most sensitive organs known, and with a
system of touches and pats they converse
for great lengths of time. In this connection
it is amazing to note that insects
have long possessed means of communication
by radio, which humanity is only
now developing. The antennae are not
only sensitive to touch and smell and
other sensations but to electrical stimuli
as well. They are capable of sending and
receiving messages, and it has been
proved that the antennae have definite
wave lengths.
Of the insects there are immediate and
eventual enemies. The higher types are
at present not the most dangerous to man
but of course from the standpoint of
eventual conflict they must be reckoned
with. The cootie, spreader of typhus
and the common enemy of all human
combatants of the great war; the mosquito,
spreader of malaria, yellow fever,
and other diseases: tbe tsetse fly, whose
terrible sting causes sleeping sickness;
and the common housefly, typhoid carrier,
most gravely menace humanity, and
it is realized by science that they must
be dealt wdth first. Meanwhile, we must
organize—if we do not want to starve to
death—to fight the millions of insects
that ravage our crops. These are largely
responsible for famines which now exist,
and they play a prominent part in keeping
up the high cost of living everywhere.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 143
The Wanderlust of Petroleum
(Continued from page 83)
barrels an acre to the second driller. In
another instance, one area that was drilled
two years after another yielded 24 per
cent less oil. On a certain tract in Oklahoma,
four wells on ten acres made an
initial production of five hundred barrels
of oil a day. Six weeks thereafter, a
neighboring well was drilled that produced
but two hundred and twenty barrels
of oil the first twenty-four hours
wdiile yet another well drilled four
months after that yielded only one hundred
and twenty barrels during the first
twenty-four hours.
It is a myth to believe that oil can be
stored anywhere in the earth when wells
are being drilled in the neighborhood.
Refined oil which has been recovered can
be stored in suitable containers at ports
and seacoast points wdiere it will later
be available for naval purposes. Under
proper management, the aggregate losses
of fuel oil in storage rarely amount to as
much as one-tenth of one per cent. Appreciating
these facts and realizing that
the only practical manner of saving the
remaining oil supplies of the three naval
reserves in California and Wyoming is to
drill as rapidly as possible, Secretary of
the Navy Denby authorized the Interior
Department through its Bureau of Mines
to initiate and supervise the commercial
withdrawal of the oil supplies of the western
naval reserves. Unless drastic measures
of this type had been instituted, relative
depletion of the Government stocks
through drainage and dissipation of gas
pressure would finally have resulted in
further losses to Uncle Sam.
In the past, little has been known about
the underground actions of oil, sand, water
and gas pressure. Data of different
descriptions have been collected largely
through experimental guesswork. Heretofore,
none of the investigators has ever
been exactly sure of results until the Bureau
of Mines perfected an artificial system
of duplicating subterranean conditions
in the laboratory so that samples of
different kinds of oil and sands could be
tested out above ground. Now very definite
results can be obtained relative to the
amount and permanency of the oil supplies
which emanate from the various
structures.
The apparatus used in these important
investigations consists of rectangular steel
tanks with removable top and front plates
as well as special openings and cocks. The
front plates are of glass in order to facilitate
making observations and photographic
records of the experiments. The
internal dimensions of these test tanks
are 36.22 by 18.90 by 3.51 inches. Oils
from different fields can be studied and
the relative importance of their viscosity
and buoyancy, the expansive forces of the
compressed gases in the sands and the
capillary forces as well as many other
factors can be studied. Obviously, this
will prove of inestimable value to all
concerned.
At different points, along the top and
sides, these steel tanks are provided with
special valves and connections through
which air, oil and water can be admitted.
The air is used experimentally to replace
the natural gas in the test tanks. The
pressures used are necessarily lower than
those in the deep strata but the principles
governing the movements of the fluids
through the sands can nevertheless be
studied.
This novel arrangement
the migratory movements
various gas pressures can
from one well to another.
conditions associated with
wanderings of the oil
and measured.
is such that
of oil under
be produced
Many of the
the nomadic
be duplicated
The influence of the different kinds of
oil-bearing sands can be investigated by
this method and predictions made regarding
the potential production of undeveloped
areas that show evidences of oil.
The fact that the observations made by
this apparatus can be photographed and
subsequently studied in detail at the leisure
of the engineers is of great importance.
This apparatus is also invaluable
in diagnosing objectionable water conditions
in a new oil tract so that preventive
measures may be instituted to prohibit
the water from interfering pronouncedly
with the yield of oil. Experiments with
this apparatus have demonstrated the ease
and rapidity with which oil migrates from
the undrilled part of a reservoir sand to
the wells tapping other parts of the same
bed.

144
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Adding to the Country's Wheat Supply
(Continued from page 51)
his machine adjusted and running at the
proper speed, but he often becomes careless
and thinks more about the number of
bushels going into the feeder than of
how much grain gets to the bin. From
long association many farmers understand
threshing machinery well enough to
find out for themselves if everything is
working properly, and should not neglect
to see that adjustments are made whenever
needed.
Where the portable elevator is used the
waste in transferring grain from wagon
to bin is very slight. However, not every
farm is so equipped. Shoveling grain is
hardly child's play under the best of circumstances,
and if the man with the
scoop is compelled to reach a high door
_r work in a cramped position, not all
the grain will reach its destination. A
Don't Try to Go Too Fast Too Quick
(Continued from page 26)
blanket on the ground and one from the
grain door to the wagon will save much
wheat. Careless and fast pitching into the
machine is another cause of waste. On a
neighborhood run, where help is traded
back and forth instead of having a hired
crew, more care is taken, as all the men
are fanners and remember that their turn
will be next. But even one's best neighbors
get in a hurry at times, especially
if they happen to be on the tail end of
the run and it looks like rain. A separator
wdll not stand crowding. The machine
is set at what is considered a fair pitching
speed, and at that speed is supposed to
handle the grain properly. Overloading
cuts down speed—which means a proportionate
loss of efficiency—with the result
that much grain is carried over into
the stack.
to hunt for historical, grammatical, sta­ You must sacrifice today for tomorrow. If
tistical, or astronomical slips in the most you drop the work you have mapped out
innocent play of fiction, or that the hu­ for yourself in order to snap something
morist is trying to find something funny that offers immediate returns you are
in the income tax.
sacrificing tomorrow for today—sacrific­
The other fellow's job always looks ing your future for your comfort.
easy, you know. Something he just That is what nine-tenths of us do. And
strikes on. You forget about the founda­ some of do it in an endeavor to force
tion—about the years and years of strug­ our way ahead—in trying to go too fast
gle he spends in preparing for it. too quick. Offhand I can recall not less
When a man makes good and draws than a dozen young cartoonists wdio went
substantial financial returns it is not so after immediate results, who put all they
much that he is being paid exceptionally had into the flash, who did not build a
well for what he is doing at present, but foundation.
rather that he has had to wait a long time They were hailed as boy wonders—for
for returns on work he did years ago. a year or two. Then thev flopped! I
While it is true that I am actually be­ have in mind a young fellow whose work
ing paid my entire earnings for what I won national attention. It was excellent.
am doing now, I feel that I earned two- It promised a great future. Naturally, he
thirds of what I'm getting today ten was putting into it everything he had.
years ago.
He did not have the patience to wait—
When you pay a doctor one hundred was not willing to build the foundation,
dollars for a minor operation you are not to continue the work that would eventu­
paying him merely for his time and labor ally win his success. He wanted to go
at the minute—you are paying for the faster. He wanted to make more money.
hungry years he put in specialized train­ Wdiat paid well and gave a good flash ?
ing.
Why the "funnies," of course; the col­
And you know why they were hungry ored Sunday comics.
years. Because he kept his goal in sight, So this young fellow dropped the work
because he kept plugging and building he was doing, left his foundation half
for the future instead of cashing in on
the present. That is the price of success.
done and turned to the mushroom profits
(Continued on page lSlf)

J_._.UOJJV..T'£P WORLD 145
I Want A $5000 Man
in Every Town
This is nothing more than a "Help Wanted"
Ad—But it offers you the most amazing opportunity
in years. You may not be the man
I want— but if you arc—I'll Show You How
You Can Earn From $5000 to $7000 a Year
The Proposition
Ono of America's largest woolen mills, Taylor-Wells & Co.—for the first
time in the history of woolen mill merchandise has decided to manufacture
and sell directly from the mills to the wearer all wool products
—overcoats, work-pants, bed-blankets, auto-robes, raincoats and suits,
fashioned from their own woolens. An organization of special representatives
is now being formed to represent Taylor-Wells & Co. in
exclusive territory. In view of the fact that this organization is to
be composed of the best grade of men I can secure—I am going to be
mighty particular about—
The Man
He need not have selling experience. But he must possess loyalty,
honesty, sincerity and a good reputation in his community. I do not
want every Tom, Dick or Harry. I want men of whom we will be
proud—and who in turn will be proud of us and our merchandise. I
know our products to be of the highest grade and I want men of a
like calibre
His Earnings
Conservatively estimated a special representative should earn from
$5.OiM) to $7,000 a year. Tho demand for our products will be great.
Soiling direct from the woolen mills to tho consumer—we can sell all
wool merchandise at a price so low as to bo astonishing. Our representative
will practically build a business for himself in his territory.
Customers who buy Taylor-Wells all wool products stay customers.
His Future
The sales organization now being formed is in its infancy. Within a
short time District Managerships will be open. The men who join us
now—and who "make good" place themselves immediately in line for
a District Managership which should net him $10,000 a year and more.
The ambitious man with the determination to succeed will have no
trouble in "landing" one of these openings.
Why You Must Act Quickly
This may be your one big opportunity. Don't delay ! Write me immediately
and use the coupon below for full details of this amazing opportunity.
Territories will be going fast—so if you believe yourself the
"right man"—hurry !
TAYLOR-WELLS

146 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Saving 1,500 D eer Every Year
(Continued fi •om page 79)
forty or fifty feet, whence they spring on
the back of the deer or other animal they
are hunting. The distance of the final
rush is covered in about one second. A
mountain lion weighing only one hundred
pounds, moving at a velocity of fifty feet
a second, strikes a blow strong enough to
knock down a yearling steer, or even the
large black-tailed deer. The heavy muscles
of the lion's neck, shoulders, and
fore-paws are tensed for the blow and
easily absorb the shock which prostrates
the victim, which is then killed by being
disemboweled. Examination by myself
of probably one hundred deer killed by
lions showed no evidence of the lion having
touched the throat of any of its kills,
though this is the common method of
killing attributed to mountain lions by
story-book naturalists. The Hon always
eats the liver of his victim first, and then
the loin and the hams."
As to the methods by which he has
killed one hundred and twenty lions since
he began hunting them, Bruce says:
"The mountain lion is a solitary and
silent animal, and the most certain method
of finding him is with fox-hounds, of
which the hunter should have at least
four, trained to trail lions, and 'proof
against deer or other animals, since there
are probably a thousand head of deer for
each lion, even in lion country. The dogs
are used in pairs, allowing each pair to
rest every second day, as a dog uses so
much energy in running about, baying,
and even in the constant wagging of his
tail, every day, that he needs one day's
rest for every day of work. In addition
to this, a dog's feet will not endure continuous
hunting. Mountain lion hunting
must be done intensively to be successful.
The big cat does most of his prowling at
night, and the hunter must leave his camp
early, travel rapidly over considerably distances
in order to find a fresh lion trail,
and to have enough hours of daylight to
run down his lion, for a man can neither
see tracks nor travel to advantage in the
mountains after dark. A mountain lion
travels a regular route, which might be
called a 'beat,' covering—in California—
about one hundred square miles, usually
making his round trip about every four
or five days. Thus, as soon as the hunter
learns one part of a mountain lion's regular
'beat,' he has a good clue as to
where the lion roves, and about where it
may be found at any certain time. Since
the hounds can scent only a reasonably
fresh track, the hunter cannot depend on
them alone, but must help them by watching
for fresh kills of the deer-slayer.
"After some part of the lion's 'beat'
has been worked out, that section must
be hunted thoroughly every day, for
there is no telling when the animal will
pass. If one day is missed, it is possible
that the lion will pass in that day. I estimate
that, during my experience in killing
one hundred and twenty mountain
lions, I advanced an average of about fifteen
miles on the day the lion was killed.
Many times I have trailed a lion this distance
every day for three or four days
before I finally caught up with him and
killed him. Sometimes I have advanced
twenty-five miles, and once thirty miles,
on the day I killed the lion. Usually the
hunter travels rather more than one hundred
miles for each lion killed, and the
dogs trail about five times the distance
actually advanced, due to loopings. backtrackings,
lost trails, old trails, and similar
delays. The most successful way to
hunt lions is on foot, for if one undertakes
to ride he will find that he has to
dismount and lead his horse much of the
way, down cliff sides, through fallen timber
and around other obstacles, thus losing
a great deal of valuable time. Besides
this, the closer he is to the ground.
the greater help he can be to his dogs."
Experiments in Magnetic
Action
A VERY interesting line of experi-
^^ ments is carried out by floating bicycle
balls in mercury and bringing a
strong magnet near them. They arrange
themselves symmetrically under the influence
of the stresses, and assume very
curious positions, varying with their number
and the intensity of magnetization.
It is a variation of an old experiment
known as Mayer's needles, in which
needles were floated in water by bits of
cork and were subjected to the influence
of a magnet.

«9»-4is,«_-;
JlOJW-
Oil &**«*«*
~st9,

148 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Why Do You Laugh?
(Continued
seven sure-fire tricks. They are sure to
make a hit with any audience.
"Number one is the comic fall. Everybody
laughs—let him be the biggest of
them all—when a dignified person slips.
A fall that brings legs and arms into
action—and some other parts of the body
—will always get a big ha-ha.
"The second one is the tramp and the
dog, the tramp showing unusual activity
and the dog represented at a point of
near approach to the settled part of the
tramp's trousers.
"Another one is to get a policeman in
trouble and you are sure to win a laugh.
Movie cops who get dragged, mauled,
kicked, and ducked in the water carried
the day not so long ago, and all they had
to do was to wear a cop's uniform. Just
the notion of disrespect to the guardians
of the law was enough to amuse. It's
still good for a healthy roar.
"And then there's water. External
wetness—just the notion of the discomfort
of being wet—is enough to tickle the
funnybone of anybody. Notice how much
it is used in the movies, and what a sure
laugh-getter it is, particularly when it
has the element of surprise.
"And use the amusing antics of a baby
or child. The idea of a child trying to
act like a man is always fetching. Tarkington
got his biggest hand when he made
Richard Baxter in "Seventeen" wear his
from page 55)
father's evening clothes. The artists who
turn out the comic strips work that one
overtime.
"The sixth is staging burlesques on
famous characters. That's the stuff that
goes big. Nearly every musical revue
has its big laughs when the actors bur­
lesque the scenes in the current Broadway
hits. And think of the furore that Charlie
Chaplin made in his Carmen burlesque!
That's the classic sample.
"And the seventh is playing on topics
of the day. When election time comes,
every clown scene will be clowns making
campaign speeches or clowns going to
vote.
"The reason slapstick movie comedies
went so big. once, and are still going
strong is that they're comparatively new.
The movies can make a stunt performer
out of an inanimate thing, the automobile.
They can play tricks with landscapes.
They can do improbable, even impossible
things which all bring laughs, while real
comedy work by talented actors would
not cause a ripple.
"As a matter of fact, when analyzed,
one finds that these movie stunts are the
same old clown tricks in a new medium.
After all there is nothing quite new. All
the new tricks are old ones in new hands
or put forward in a new day. The public
wants the same things, the old things, but
it wants them served up differently."
Washington—Our Capital Incomparable
(Continued from page .37)
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets south
of Pennsylvania Avenue. There will be
fewer junk shops, Chinese laundries, and
cheap lodging houses along Pennsylvania
Avenue, which will rob the visiting critic
of his earliest point of attack.
A parkway will connect Potomac Park
with that on Rock Creek, whence boulevards
will run across the northern part
of the city to Anacostia Park, in spite of
the fact that shortsighted builders have
blocked several of the best routes. The
Conduit Road from Georgetown to the
Great Falls of the Potomac will be boulevarded
and the Palisades of the Potomac
will thus become more easily accessible
to tourist and camper. The water-shed
and the river will be protected and an
adequate supply of water piped to the
capital. There will be plenty for the
city's fountains which now are dry a
good part of the time.
Not all of these predictions are baser!
upon officially approved plans. Some of
them may not be fulfilled within the
years of this generation. But that they
will eventually come true seems assured
by what Washington, Jefferson,
L'Enfant. McMillan, and the Commission
of Fine Arts have already accomplished
with the approval and support of
a public which in the long run can always
be depended upon to follow wise
and unselfish leadership.

Are YOU Old
at40?
What You Should Know About the
Glands of Your Body
You have observed that some men of
70 appear to be younger in activity
than other men of 40 or 50. There is
a vigor, an alertness, a commanding
appearance much admired and coveted
by the man who knows he is
much younger in years. Perhaps the
most common cause of ebbing
strength is a disturbed condition of
an important gland. Even men of
iron constitution are not exempt
from this serious and common irregularity.
Our plainly interesting, educational
Free Book
Why Many Men Are Old at Forty
may bring a priceless message to you.
It will tell you much you wish to
know about the prostate gland and
its functions—and how a disorder here
may cause sciatica, backache, painful
and tender feet, disturbed slumber and
other painful disturbances. It will
tell you of Thermalaid, a simple
means by which the essential of a
new hygienic principle, done into convenient
form corrects this prostate
gland condition and its attendant
health faults—a method that is being
endorsed by prominent Physicians,
Physical Culturists, Chiropractors,
Osteopaths and other leading health
authorities. The book will be sent
free, without obligation upon receipt
of your simple request. Address
The Electro Thermal Company Thermal aids
3413 Main St., Steubenville, Ohio
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 149
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Box 5423-B, Scranton, Penna.
Without cost nr obligation, please send me full Information about
the subject before which I have marked an X in the list below:
BUSINESS TRAINI NG DEPARTMENT
^Business Management
3 Salesmanship
3 Industrial Management
3 Advertising
^.Personnel Organization
^Better Letters
UTraftlc Management
J Foreign Tra'ie
^Business Law
J Stenography and Typing
..Banking and Banking Law ^Business English
DAccountaney (including C.P.A. ) DCivil Service
3 Nicholson Cost Accounting 3 Railway Mall Clerk
_] Bookkeeping
rjCornrnnn School Subjects
3 Private Secretary
DHigh School Subjects
..Business Spanish D French DlHustrating • Cartooning
TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT
• Electrical Engineering
• Architect
• Electric Lighting
• Contractor and Builder
n Mechanical Engineer
• Architectural Draftsman
• Mechanical Draftsman
• Concrete Builder
• Machine Shop Practice
• Structural Engineer
• Railroad Positions
• Plumbing and Heating
• Gas Engine Operating
• Chemistry
• Civil Engineer
• Pharmacy
• Surveying and Mapping
• Automobile Work
• Mine Foreman or Engineer • Navigation
• Steam Engineering
• Agriculture and Poultry
• Radio • Airplane Engines • Mathematics
Name ...
Street
Address
Occupation -
Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the International
Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Canada.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

150 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Stenciling Mallet a Timesaver for
Marking
In factories, storage-houses, and other
establishments it is frequently necessary
to stamp a certain identification mark
upon hundreds of boxes or barrels. This
is a wearisome task with the ordinary
stencils or stamps, but the illustrated
The Stenciling Mallet
Does the Work Much
Quicker Than by the
Old Method
FELT Oft iriKIMG PAD ' -TthCIL-f,
mallet-stencil will prove a decided convenience
and timesaver.
A square-headed mallet is used in the
construction of this device. A two-inch
hole is bored through from one end to
within one-half inch of the opposite face.
The remaining half inch is perforated
with twenty-five or thirty one-quarterinch
holes, as shown.
A piece of felt is now drawn over this
end and fastened permanently with brads
or a wire clamp. One round-headed
screw is driven into each side of the
mallet at (A) and (B) leaving the heads
projecting slightly.
The stencils are cut with slots at (X)
and (Y) and the ends turned up so that
these may engage the protruding screwheads.
After sliding a stencil on to the mallet
face and tightening the screws at (A)
and (B) it is necessary only to fill the
opening in the mallet with stencilingfluid
and insert a tight-fitting cork.
By striking the ends of barrels or
boxes a square blow the print of the
stencil is transferred instantly by the
contact of ink-saturated felt which is exposed.
Cement Mixture Formulas
Cement seems to be just cement, but
there are certain definite formulas that
should be used if one is to get the most
economical and best results. The foundation
or roughage should be composed
of a mixture of four parts heavy gravel,
three parts torpedo sand and one part
pure cement. This gives a high quality
and safe mixture. The upper or finishing
coat should consist of three parts of
torpedo sand and one part pure cement.
The result will be a firm, smooth, easilyworked
upper coating, which if troweled,
will present a neat, integral, impervious
surface.
Shoe Polisher Can Be Used Without
Stooping
A device for polishing or cleaning the
shoes so the user will not have to stoop
over is herein described.
The step consists of a piece of wood
' 8 inches long and Zy2 inches wide nailed
flatwise on top of an upright 12 inches
high made of 2 by 8 spruce. The upright
is also spiked to a base board which
may or may not be fastened to a step or
the floor.
Two pulleys must then be fastened to
the base, one on each side and in line
with the spot where the sole of the shoe
will rest on the step.
The polishing cloth consists of a strip
of heavy flannel about 4 inches wide. A
leather piece at each end is used to carry
a metal ring to which is fastened a stout,
flexible cord. The cords are run under
_X
LEATHER
J®5§
RIM&
Working the Handles Up and Down Gives the Shoes
a High Polish
the pulleys and a pair of handles are fastened
to the upper ends of the cords.
The shoe is inserted under the cloth
and one handle grasped in each hand.
Then, by working the hands up and
down, the cloth is pulled from side to
side and under as much tension as required
by pulling up on the handles.
Thus the shoes can be polished easily.

ToYourORDER
Choice of brand new
and beautiful fabrics
at $3 to $10 less than
others are asking now.
EX­
PRESS
PRE­
PAID
CLOTH SAMPLES FREE
Let us send yoa our new fabrics and
style book free by return mail, showing
the biggest values in tailoring—the lowest
prices on earth for made-to-measure
suits and pants. See the actual Cloth Samples,
feel them, test them, compare the goods and prices with
your last year's suit. Money back If not pleased.
mm* __ ^* __ . for yoor spare time. Get yoor own clothes
K l g r 3 V at the lowest wholesale price. Ete
~B * agent. Start in your spare time. We furnish
big outfit and fnfi information. No experience needed.
Write today for big assortment of Fall samples, style book
and wholesale priceliBt—all free.
CHICAGO TAILORS ASS'N. Dept 121, CHICAGO
First qual
ity new cord tires
fully backed by our
ironclad guarantee for 10,000
miIes - Tires Tubes
Tires Tubes 32x4M«19.10$l 75
30x3 V 25 51.10 33x4>-5 20 15 180
30x3!. 8 96 1 30 34_4J_ 20 75 1 85
32x3J.ll 60 1 36 35x4 21 95 1 90
31x4 12.76 1.40 36xl*_ 24.20 2.00
32x4 13 95 1.45 33x5 26.60 _ 15
33x1 14.88 1 50 35x5 27.50 2.25
34x4 15 95 1.60 37x5 29 00 2.50
Made in our factory of the best
materials money can buy. These
are rugged, sturdy Cords that run
many miles over their guarantee.
SEND NO MONEY. Write and tell os tho size of your
tires and how manyyou want. Shipped C. O. D. Section
enwrapped for your inspoction.
CHARLES TIRE CORP., DEPT. 649
2812 WABASH AVE., CHICAGO. ILL.
Cat ont this ad and mail it to us, with your name and
address (no money); and we will send you our FAMOUS
KARNAK RAZOR by return mail, postpaid. You may use
the razor for 30 davs FREE] then if you like it. pay js
|l 85 If you don'tlike it return it. SEND NO MONEY.
MORE COMPANY. DepL 367 SL Louis, Mo.
ED WORLD 151
IMPROVEMENTS that set a newstandard
of motorcycle quality —
and prices stabilized at lowered
figures that will introduce thousands
of new riders to "the greatest sport in
the world."
This is Harley-Davidson's 1923 announcement
to Outdoor America. In its new models,
the Harley-Davidson stands out preeminent
as the finest motorcycle ever produced. Yet
priced as low as $305.00 for the famous
"World's Champion" Electric Twin!
— and 10 Improvements !
New double-acting brake that grips like a
velvet vice, new roller-bearing driving hub
for Hfe-time service, new ahock-absorbing
tail lamp bracket, hinged mud guard, silchrome
valves—these are a few of the features
which the old rider will appreciate
instantly. The new rider will simply sense
the completeness, the amazing power and
perfect control of this great motorcycle — the
most economical form of rapid transit — the
luxurious mount that delivers fifty miles of
swift, unfailing travel for one dollar's worth
of "gas," oil and tires!
See your dealer today for a demonstration
(or write us for literature)
Harley-Davidson Motor Co.
MILWAUKEE, WIS.
World's Largest Builders of Motorcycles
H arley^D avid son
Ijjorld's Champion Motorcycle
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

152 ILLUSTRATED WO
Bungalow Corners—How
to Use Them
Much of the space in any room
goes to waste, particularly in the corners,
due to the fact that corner space
can seldom be used advantageously for
furniture. Especially in small houses is
there need for economy of space.
Triangular-shaped shelves may be
built into the wall corners at various
Bungalows Are Small at Best. Then Why Not Use
the Room Corners to Advantage?
heights. In the bedroom, for instance,
to economize on furniture, a shelf 30
inches from the floor, curtained off below,
can accommodate the wash bowl,
pitcher, and all the toilet requisites. In
the living room a corner shelf might be
a convenient resting place for stray
magazines, papers, and books, which are
usually left around to clutter up the
room. In the library a writing desk
might be made out of a corner shelf,
the top made of two parts hinged together,
the front part sloping. The enclosed
portion underneath may be used
for paper and supplies and may be fitted
with a lock if desired. In the dining
room a corner shelf may become a
bachelor's dining table, convenient, yet
out of the way.
Molding Detector Crystals
Many amateur wireless bugs are
handicapped due to the fact that the sets
they have made have odd-sized crystal
cups, into which the standard molded
crystals do not fit readily. The easiest
way out of the difficulty is to mold
crystals to fit the cup. This is done by
rolling up narrow strips of paper to form
tubes a little smaller than the diameter
of the cup, and about the same height.
They may be held together with rubber
bands or string. Select several pieces of
crystal known to be sensitive. Place a
piece of woods-metal, or other metal that
fuses at low temperature, in boiling
water until it gets soft. Then mold it
into the paper tubes, pressing the pieces
of crystal down into it. Crystal will rise
to the surface to just the right height if
the metal is molten. Do not handle the
crystal with the fingers; use tweezers.
For the Heart-to-Heart Telephone
Talk
How many times have you held the
transmitter of a telephone to your chest
to prevent the party at the other end of
the wire from hearing what you said to
the person beside you ? Many, many
times no doubt.
Perhaps it will surprise you that of
the many who use the telephone daily
few know that they can be heard quite as
well when holding the transmitter
against the chest while speaking as when
talking directly into the mouthpiece.
You Can Talk on the Telephone Just as Well When
You Hold the Transmitter Against Your Chest.
Try It. You Will Be Surprised

Rupture is
Dangerous!
Instant Relief; Many Cures Reported;
Full Directions And Sample
SENT FREE
Just because you have been ruptured for years
and have tried all kinds of bungling trusses and
appliances, salves, liniments and plasters without
satisfactory results, do not think you have to
stay in this dangerous condition.
You may have instant, blessed relief and, as
scores of others report, complete recovery by the
use of this sample, inexpensive discovery.
Send no money. To prove that my famous Sponge Rubber
Rupture Pad does Conquer Rupture, even in its worst form?,
I will send a sample absolutely free to any ruptured person, in
a plain sealed package. Possibly you are wondering whether
this can be true. Stop it! The test is free and surely the
test will tell. Cut out this notice and hand it to a ruptured
friend or send it with your name and address to E. H. Scott.
Hernia Expert, 536G Scott Building, Akron. Ohio, and you
will quickly receive a sample Sponge Rubber Pad with full
directions. No obligation to purchase. Don't let Rupture
handicap you in the battle of life, but make this test today.
PATENTS
Booklet Free
Highest References Promptness Assured Best Results
Send drawing or model for examination and
report as to patentability.
WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer
624 F Street WASHINGTON, D. C.
DEAFNESS IS MISERY
1 know because I'was Deaf ana had Head Noises
fcr over 30 years. My invisible Antiseptic Ear
Drums restored my hearing and stopped Head Noises,
and will do it for you. They are Tiny Megaphones.
Cannot be seen when worn. Effective when Deafness
is caused by Catarrh or by Perforated, Partially or
Wholly Destroyed Natural Drums. Easy to put in,
easy to take out. Are "Unseen Comforts." Inexpensive.
Write for Booklet and my sworn
Suite .54,70 Statement 5th Avenue of how I recovered my New hearing. York City
A. O. LEONARD
P^v, TRADE MARKS.COPYRIGHTS
Prompt, Personal, Reliable Service
Over 30 years' active practice before the Patent Office
and the courts. Book explaining terms fn.e.
E. G. SIGGERS
Box 12, N. H. Building Washington, D. C.
Greatest Efficiency From Tools
USE A UNION TOOL CHEST
Compact, roomy, a place for every
tool. You know immediately if one
is mislaid or borrowed. Well made.
Keeps tools free from moisture.
More than 50 patterns and sizes.
Ask your hardware dealer, or
write us direct for illustrated
literature.
UNION TOOL CHEST CO.. 114 Mill Street. Rochester. N. Y.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 1.S3
Brand-New: From Factory to You.
BIG SAVING
This beautiful machine is the only brand-new
(unused), standard, full-size typewriter with
a 4-row, 42-key, 64-character Universal keyboard
that you can buy for less than $100. It
comes direct from factory to you at practically
the wholesale price of other high-grade typewriters—a
remarkable saving.
Free Trial
Use Annell' on your work at our expense,
put it to the test for ten days; then if it
doesn't satisfy you in every way, return itto us
and we will refund even the express charges.
You take no risk. Could anything be fairer?
Easy Terms
While you are using: the machine, small monthly payments
scattered over a period of more than a year
make it easy and convenient to own this full-size,
brand-new (.unused), 4-row, standard-keyboard typewriter.
Mechanical Marvel
Strength and simplicity are the outstanding qualities
of this machine. It embodies the ideas and experience
of mechanical geniuses who h.we been making typewriters
for generations. Every essential operating
convenience is possessed by Annell'', including the
4-row, 42-key, 84-character Universal standard keyboard.
It will last a business lifetime and is fully covered
by an ironclad guarantee.
Send Coupon Today
For Complete Information
about the greatest of all typewriter offers.
Don't miss it. Act now.
ANNELL' TYPEWRITER CO.
683 No. 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago
NOT AN ORDER - MAIL TODAY
ANNELL' TYPEWRITER CO.
683 No. 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago.
Send me complete information about your
wonderful typewriter offer; this places me under
no obligation.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

154 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Don't Try to Go T )o Fast Too Quick
(Continued ft
of the "funnies." This individual ca6e is
clearest in my mind—because this youngster
actually has the "makings" of a great
cartoonist. But his future, in my humble
opinion, does not lie in the comic carloons.
He has deserted his foundation to
build on drifting sands.
"Drifting sand"—that's it. The Gumps,
you may feel, are firmly rooted in the
hearts of the newspaper readers of America.
They are "accepted." Returns
would seem to indicate this—but experience
has taught me to "look to my
crown." If Andy wants to hold his job
he must keep in step.
.'on may not know it but his style must
change. The Gumps are modern—if I
want them to continue to sign my pay
check I must keep them that way. I must
change my style of handling, yes, even of
drawing, in order to keep the Gumps interesting.
I have changed my entire style not less
than a half dozen times, and probably before
I'm through cartooning I'll change
it another half dozen. The doctor must
keep up with the times, must study and
attend clinics. The lawyer must read law,
the writer must keep up with or a jump
ahead of the times and the cartoonist
must keep his hand "on the pulse of the
public.
Just recall in your own mind some of
the most radical changes in cartooning:
the passing of the big feet, the passing
of slap stick, the passing of the sleepy
character, the passing of the questionand-answer
type. And within these general
changes there have been hundreds of
smaller changes, not always evident to
the average reader but necessary to hold
Ii is interest. To hold his interest you
must know human nature, and the only
way to know human nature is to know
humans—lots of them. So once again we
are back to experience, and foundation.
A character in a cartoon is not always
the caricature of some person in real life
—often it is a complete picture of three
or four real persons. But above all else
your cartoon character must have a personality.
He simply must be individual.
To make him individual you must know
people who are individual—and it takes a
lot of hunting to find a real individualist.
m page m)
And here is an interesting thing: under
certain conditions we all have peculiar
streaks in our characters. To dig out
those streaks or "ticks" or peculiarities
you must find the conditions. In the days
when I was building the foundation to
my present work I found opportunity to
get under every imaginable condition.
One of my most regular conditions was
that of being broke. And when you are
broke and the man on the street knows
it you'll get a funny slant on human
nature.
I remember one day I landed in Cleveland
with just ten cents in my possession.
I don't know whose ten cents it was—
but I had it. I was well dressed—always
was. I always managed to keep on speaking
terms with my job until I was fortified
with clothes.
I entered one of the best hotels in town
—flopped my ten cents on the cigar counter
and bought a ten-cent cigar. I have
always figured that being absolutely
broke with a good cigar in your mouth is
much better than having ten cents and
a hang-dog expression.
Naturally, I did not plan to stay broke.
I was just a kid, but I had confidence in
my ability to get on my feet wherever
I was.
This time I decided I would make a
little money by doing advertising- cartoons
and illustrations. I worked up
some ideas and presented them at two or
three different houses. I wanted ten dolars
each for my illustrations.
The idea went over and I got three orders.
But then I struck a snag. I had
no Bristol board on which to draw. It
cost ten cents a sheet. I needed three
sheets.
All right. I would earn a couple of
dollars first. So I went to another hotel
and offered to draw a sketch of the clerk
for a dollar. He demurred. I offered to
do it for half a dollar. That settled it—
there must be something wrong. I tried
a traveling man—then somebody else.
Pretty soon I began visiting offices,
offering to draw pictures of clerks for
twenty-five cents each.
"For twenty-five cents," they would
say and then laugh. "Well, that sounds
(Continued on page 156)

NAME
ADDRESS OCCUPATION
CITY AND STATE
ILLL _>..... .'££> WORLD 155
Cartoon Stars
make bi^money
Sidney Smith, Clare Briggs, Fontaine Fox and many
other cartoon stars make from 810,000 to $100,000 a year.
Bud Fisher makes over $50,000 a year from Mutt and Jeff.
R. L. Goldberg's yearly income is more than $125,000.
Yet both Fisher and Goldberg started as $15 a week
illustrators. Ministers, bookkeepers, and mechanics have
become successful illustrators and cartoonists through the
Federal School of Applied Cartooning. Don't let your
present job hold you back. Capitalize your cartoon ideas.
The way is now open to you.
Send Six Cents for A Road to Bigger Things
This book shows studio pictures of the 32 greatest
American cartoonists who are on the staff of the Federal
School. It tells how in one course you can learn, cartooning,
animated cartooning, chalk talking, and window
card writing. One of these is your big field. It shows
how by home study, you can learn the skill, stunts, shortcuts,
and the professional touch of these famous cartoon
stars on the Federal Staff.
These stars make big money from simple cartoon ideas.
Do you want their fame and incomes? Just fill in your
name, age and occupation and address, and mail the
coupon with six cents to cover postage for this book that
tells you how you can qualify. Do it Now.
Federal School of Applied Cartooning
944 Federal Schools Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn.
__._ TEAR OUT COUPON ALONG THIS LINE —,_-,.
Please send by return mail my copy of "A Road
To Bigger Things." I enclose six cents for postage.
AGE
"Skinnay"

156 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Don't Try to Go Too Fast Too Quick
(Continued from page 151i)
funny." A portrait for a quarter. Say,
that's a pretty good overcoat you have
on!" Theu they would start to kid me.
I would flash up, give them a piece of my
mind and go on.
Pretty soon I was trying to sketch
somebody for ten cents. Do you think I
could get it? No, sir. I could not. The
peculiar twist in the average individual
made him refuse simply because I had on
good clothes.
So I went over to a printer and explained
the situation to him. I told him
I had thirty or forty dollars' worth of
work ordered but needed board on which
to work. Would he let me have fifty
cents' worth of credit?
"Where you staying?" he asked. I told
him in the hotel across the street.
"Well; young fellow, that's one of the
best in town. That's a high-grade hotel.
And you are wanting a ten-cent piece of
board."
"Yes; I always stay at good hotels.
The best in town is my gait," I returned.
"Simply because I need ten cents is no
reason why I'm a cheap skate."
"And you got on mighty good clothes,
too."
"Yes, I got good clothes. But I still
need the Bristol board. I need a dime's
worth. I'd like to get fifty cents' worth."
"A dime ain't very much. Something
funny about you're needing a dime."
"I want a dime—that's a fact. Nothing
funny about it, though. I'm hard up
for a dime. I'm hard up for a million
dollars, too. I could want a million dollars.
But I'm sensible, I only want a
dime's worth of board."
Well; he started in with the darndest
bunch of questions. He fussed with me
half an hour over that piece of board.
He got up and looked me over very
carefully, finally consenting to "see what
I can do" about a dime's worth of Bristol
board when he had a stack of it on a
table ten feet away.
Digging through the pile he brought
me out one soiled, thumb-marked piece.
When I thanked him he told me it was
all right because I would probably be
able to do something for him some day.
An experience like that is not very
pleasant, but it is experience, and it gives
you an insight into the funny twists of
human nature. It was all a part of my
education, of the training that would enable
me to earn a living by cartooning
human nature.
It is a part of the long pull that precedes
success of the years of training,
exactly as were the many years at the
cartooning board for different papers
throughout the country, years when 1
probably could have made more money
by dropping my ambitions and starting
at something that would pay more with
less work.
The whole trick, then, is to hang on—
to keep plugging and hold to the row you
intend to hoe. Don't demand immediate
results and don't give up. The job at the
top is worth while because you have to
hang on tooth and nail to land it and it
pays well because only the good man
makes the climb. There is no competition
at the top—the gang is too busy
down below trying to cash in at the
bottom rung.
Do you knotv zvhat the educators arc doing to make it possible—yes,
easy—for you to get your education? Do you know of the endless research
work done by them in the great business houses, banks, industrial plants,
railroads and other great organizations in an effort to present to you in the
most practical way, the solution to the problems arising in the various lines
of human activity? Have you any idea of the infinite care shown by the
great colleges and schools of America in outlining and preparing their courses
of instruction—that they may be understandable, practical and instantly
applicable?
Do you know what your oivn local college or your state university is doing
along this line, for instance?
If you do not, read "Paving the Way for Your Success" in the October
number of the ILLUSTRATED WORLD. It will help you get YOUR
education.

Play a Tune in One Hour
Many, without previous musical experience
have done it with a Conn Saxophone. You too
can learn this popular instrum. nt quickly.
_r"leasare and profit yours to command.
Conn Saxophone Supreme
Important improvements found on no
other make. Built by world's largest producers
of Saxophones. Used and endorsed
by world s great musicians. Write now
lor details of Free Trial, Eaiy Payment
Plan.
C. G. CONN. Ltd.,
951 Conn Bldg., Elkhart. Ind.
WA
feels gotx^
and does good. Puts pep in jaded
muscles. Athletic trainers
recommend it for rubdowns.
An antiseptic
too, for cuts, scratches,
skin abtasions, etc.
Excellent for mouth
and throat. Few drops
suffice. $ i .25 at druggists
or postpaid.
IOC
- W. F. YOUNG, Inc.,,
44n Temple St.
Springfield, Mass.
Absorbine J
THE ANTISEPTIC LINIMENT
Learn Cartooning
At Home—In Your Spare Time
from the school that has trained so many
of the successful cartoonists of today earn'
ing from $50 to $200 and more per week.
The Landon Picture Chart Method of
teaching makes original drawing easy to
learn. Writeforfullinformationand chart J
to test your ability. Please state age. /
THE LANDON SCHOOL J//
465 National Building, Cleveland, Ohio
Raise Silver Foxes
Easy to raise. Larger profits '
than any other live stock rais- ,
ing. Stands strictest investigation.
Recommended by Gov*
ernment. 4 different plans.
One will suit you. Complete
description free. Send today.
C.T.DRYZ Box 1018, Eagle River, Wis.
SET
Special offer complete 50c text book
for onl y 20c postpaid. Wonderful in
formation makes you understand
R____ Fi___p__*. -j:pi_ir__l radio. Tells how radio messagei
BUILD YOUR OWN ^ i 0
20c
received. Tells how to make eight
different types crystal anrl vacuum tube rcceiviopf sets
with range of 25 to 2000 mi tea. Detail drawings given.
Tells best equipment to use ami eivea complete bills of
material for each set. We enclose our price list of
r.;irf i Buv from factory ami save manv dollar*. Nothing
else like this on the market. Money back if not satisfied.
Desk 16, Radio Parts Manufacturing Co.
Park Plnoe Detroit, Mi.hig._n
YOUR SERVICES TO
THE HIGHEST BIDDER
We need high class solicitors and salesmen to represent
a high class magazine
GOOD PAY—AGREEABLE WORK
mSSSS^Si Illustrated World, Chicago
"£D WORLD 157
StopFoigetting
j^folakeYour Mind aFile-Not a Pile
LetmeBhow you how to make your mind as forgetproof
as a card index file. When you wish to recall a
name, place or date, must you grope in vain in a pile
of miscellaneous knowledge ? Summoned to give facts
and figures does your mind become a blank? Be
master of your mind's infinite resource*—instead
of a victim of its disordered details.
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
and Memory Is the Basts ot All Knowledge
1 HAVE HELPED THOUSANDS
The Dickson Method of Memory and Mental Training,
perfected by 20 years experience, is recognized as the
most thoro, efficient of its kind. Highly endorsed—
easy to master. Give me 10 minutes a day and 1 will
train your memory so you can classify ideas, names,
faces, etc., and recall them instantly. Develop seJfcontrol,
concentration; overcome bast-fulness.
Perfect Your Memory and
Command What Salary You Will
Send name and address and I will Bend yon free, my fnterestin
booklet. How to Remember," and unique, copyrighted
Memory Test; also tell you how to secure free
| of charge my $3.00 book.'' How to Speak in Public."
Prof. Henry Dicktoa, Principal
DICKSON MEMORY SCHOOL
*Pept706
Evanston, III.
The Key to Success
THIS BOOK
On Home
Beautifying
SENT FREE
Contains practical suggestions
on how to make your home artistic,
cheery and inviting--explains how you can
easily and economically refinish and keep
woodwork, furniture and floors in perfect
condition.
— Building??
"Doubtless you want the most house for
the least money. Our book will help you
realize that ambition without 'cutting corners.'
Explains how inexpensive woods can
be finished as beautifully as more costly
varieties. If, after receiving book, you
wish further information, write our Individual
Service Department. Experts will
gladly solve your problem for you without
charge.
We will glad ly send this book free and postpaid for the
name and address of the painter you usually employ
to do your work."
S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. I.W. 9, Racine. Wi..
Kindly mention Illustrated World when The writing Wood finishing advertisers.
A uthorities ''
(Canadian Factory Brantfordi

158
ILLUSTRATED WO
Twice the/feat in Any Stove
WthoutCoalerWood\
Instant-Gas
Cheaper than coal or wood, cleaner, no work, no dirt, no
ashes, soot or smoke. No building of fires, no wood
boxes or coal buckets. No shortage of fuel, no high
prices and no strikes to worry about. No slaving witn
hatchets, axes and shovels. No dirt and ashes to make
work for you.
MAKES GAS IN ANY STOVE
Don't •worry with dampers, flues and pokers. Don't i
nterrupt yourself a hundred times a day just to keep
the fires going. Don't be satisfied with a heat that
is never what you want it. Use INSTANT-GAS
coal oil or kerosene automatically. TA11 yon have to
to do Is to start it—a mere matter of turning a
valve applying a match and then regulating the
AGENTS blaze to the proper heat. From then on you are
FREE. The fire will take care of itself. Already
Our free literature tells how giving satisfaction in thousands of homes.
others are making THIRTY and how DAYS' TRIAL AT OUR RISK
yoa can make tremendous
profits as agent for the
Instant-Gas.
Turn on the Heat and Forget It
Have aa much or as little heat as you need, twice as
much as coal or wood if necessary, Instant-Gas is
started, stopped and regulated with a simple valve.
Better cooking and baking because you can have the
heat you want. Better heating because itcan be controlled.
No ups and downs to ruin your cooking and
give the family colds. Less work because all you have
to do ia to keep the reservoir supplied witb kerosene.
Why Burden Yourself
with coal or wood fires when Instant-Gas is just
as economical and saves all the work? Can be put
in any heating or cooking stove in a few minutes
at a cost of only a few dollars. No drilling, cutting
or other damage to stove. Gas is made from
HighSchool
Course in
This simplified, cormlete High School Course
—specially prepared Two fo^ home study Years
by leading
professors—meets all requirements for entrance
to college and the leadinp professions.
£*\±4m Whether you need High School
SO uutev
Courses
ilTrtPI* Gaining or specialized instruc-
*** tion in aiy trade or profession
the Amercan School can help
you. Check and mail coupon
for Free Bulletin.
American School
Drexel Ave. arH *ftth Street
Dept. H648
Chicago
American School, Dept H648, Drexel Ave. and 58th St., Chicago
Send me full information on the subject checked and how you will help
me win BUccess.
Architect
...Lawyer
Buinding Contractor
Machine Shop Practice
Automobile Engineer
Photoplay Writer
Automobile Repairman
.Mechanical Engineer
Civil Engineer
..Shop Superintendent
Structural Engineer
.Employment Manager
Business Manager
..Steam Engineer
Cert. Public Accountant
Foremanship
Accountant and Audhor
. Sanitary Engineer
Bookkeeper
Surveyor (and Mapping)
Draftsman and Designer
. Telephone Telegraph Engineer
Electrical Engineer
.Tef .High School Graduate
Electric Light & Power
..Fire Insurance Expert
General Education
..Wireless Radio
Vocational Guidance
..Undecided
Name.
Business Law
Men and women —part time
or all time. Write today for
agency and sample.
You can try this wonderful burner in your own
home without any risk whatever. We are anxious
to prove to you at our own risk what a great time,
trouble, labor and money saver it is. Write today
for our thirty-day trial offer and Bpeciai low price.
INTERNATIONAL HEATING CO.
4554 North Bro_dwoy ST. LOUIS, MO.
Perfect hearing is now being restored in
every condition of deafness or defective
hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken
Drums, Roaring or Hissing Sounds,
Perforated.Wbol Ivor Partially Destroy
H. ed Drums, Discharge from Ears, etc*
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
"Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"—
require no medicine but effectively replace what is lacking or
defective in the natural drums. They are simple devices,
which the wearer easily fits into the ears where they are
invisible. Soft, safe and comfortable to wear at all times.
Write today for our 168 page FREE book on DEAFNESS.
giving you full particulars and plenty of testimonials.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
1167 Inter-Southern Building LOUISVILLE, KY*
' Where Knowledge
i Happiness"
'opt/right 1921
SEX
Facts other sex books don't dare
discuss are plainly told in "Where
Knowledge Means Happines*."
Creates a new kind of married love.
One reader says:
It contains more real information than
all other sex books put ttigether.
Sent in plain cover, bu return mail, for
SI.00, cash, money order, check or
B tamps.
KNOWLEDGE BOOK CO., Dept. 14, 257 W. 71st St., New York
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

*Tv MARK . n np l
"Red Devil" Pliers
A "RED DEVIL"
Pleir is something
more than a piece
of metal given a certain
shape. If it worth using
at all, it is because someone
knew how best to
select the steel for the
particular purpose, how
to forge it, how to temper
it, how to finish it
It is because "Red Devil"
Pliers are made by men who
do know these things, that
they have become universally
accepted as
GOOD TOOLS
FOR GOOD WORK
"Red Devil" Slip Joint Pleir No.
924 — an all-around tool for the
home, office, car and garage. Size
6 _ inches. From dealers or us,50c.
SMITH & HEMENWAY CO., Inc.
Mechanics' Tool
booklet free
"Red Devil"
Tools —
American Made
267 Broadway New York, N. Y.
Save l A Your
Tailor Bills
New Invention
keeps trousers
in press. Saves
work, expense, bother. Handy and compact.
Fits on back of door. Folds up when not in
use, as shown above. Keeps the press in for days.
Holds eight pairs.
Solid oak, neat, durable. Ideal gift. Saves its cost
in a few weeks. Money back guaranteed if not
satisfactory after 10 days trial. Special price $3.00.
Order now and save 75 cents.
AMERICAN PATENTED SPECIALTY CO.
Oak Park, Illinoi.
ED WORLD 159
Learn Drafting
DRAFTING offers exceptional opportunities
to boys and young men because drafting
itself not only commands good pay, but it is
the first step towards success in Mechanical
or Structural Engineering or Architecture.
And drafting is just the kind of work a boy
likes to do. There is an easy, delightful way
by which you can learn right at home in spare
time. For 30 years the International Correspondence
Schools have been giving boys just
the training they need for success in Drafting
and more than 300 other subjects.
Let the I. C. S. help you. Choose the work
you like best in the coupon, then mark and
mail it. This doesn't obligate you in the least,
but it will bring you the information that will
start you on a successful career. This is your
chance. Mark and mail this coupon now.
TEAR OUT HERE
International Correspondence Schools
Box 5422-B, Scranton, Penna.
Without cost or obligation, please send me
complete information about the subject which
I have checked below:
D DRAFTING
• CARTOONING
• AUTOMOBILES
D CHEMISTRY
• ADVERTISING
D SALESMANSHIP
• ELECTRICITY
Name- • ACCOUNTING
• SURVEYING
Address..
• BUSINESS
D CIVIL SERVICE
D PHARMACY
• ARCHITECT
• BOOKKEEPER
• GOOD ENGLISH
• RADIO
O CIVIL ENGINEER
O AIRPLANE ENGINES
Occupation..
Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to th
tional Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montre
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

160 ILLUSTRATED WCZ
2400 telephone wires in a cable little larger than a man's wrist.
Science keeps down costs
When the Bell System installed its
first successful telephone cable, fifty
wires was the largest number that could
be operated in a single cable without
"cross-talk" and other interference.
Today it would require 48 cables of the
original type to accommodate the number
of wires often operated in one cable.
Without this improvement in cable,
the construction of new underground
and aerial lines would have cost the
Bell System upwards of a hundred million
dollars more than has actually been
spent. In addition, the cost of maintenance
would have been greater by
eighteen million dollars a year. These
economies in the Bell System mean a
saving in telephone rates to each individual
subscriber.
In all branches of telephone practice
science has similarly contributed to
economy. Even in such a comparatively
small item as switchboard cords,
improvements have reduced the cost of
renewal by four million dollars a year.
Every new telephone added to the
Bell System increases the usefulness of
all telephones, but this multiplication
tends likewise to increase the complications
and the expense of service. The
scientists of the Bell System, to offset
this tendency, are constantly called
upon to develop new devices which
simplify complications and keep down
costs.
By virtue of a united system the
benefits of these improvements are
shared by all subscribers—and the nation
is provided with the best and
cheapest telephone service in the world.
" BELL SYSTEM "
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES
One Policy, One System, Universal Service, and all directed toward Better Service
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 161
If s a Crime to Slave
for Low Pay-
When Its SoEasylbEarnBigMoney
If You Are Making Small Pay, Then
You Ought to Investigate This Simple
Plan thai Has Shown Thousands
a Way to Magnificent Earnings
It is little short of an actual crime for a man to struggle
along trying to make ends meet, when he can easily step
into a position with better pay and unlimited opportunities
tor making money.
The sentence for a crime of this kind is "a lifetime
of drudgery." Trying to make ends meet is
a much harder task than making from three to ten
times as much money as you are now making. For
you can just as easily take advantage of the experience
of countless others who, in one swift stroke,
have jumped from small pay in blind-alley jobs to
incomes of anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000 a year.
These Men Investigated and—
As an office worker in Detroit, Mr. B. H. Voss
slaved away for $125 a month. But he saw his
one big opportunity—grasped it—and increased
his pay to $500 a month.
As a farmhand, George W. Kearns, of Oklahoma
City, grasped the same opportunity. He writes,
"Last week I earned $306, and this week $218."
And Mr. Kearns earned $60 a month previously.
Mr. J. L. DeBonis, Chicago, is now enjoying
magnificent earnings. Before investigating, he was
earning $16 a week as a clerk.
When Charles Berry, of Winterset, la., decided
that it was a crime to slave for low pay, he was
earining $18 a week. And then the very first month
he earned $1,000.
A whole book could be filled with stories equally
amazing of men who have taken this new, quick
road to big pay. Nor is there anything exceptional
about these men. They were once in the same circumstances
that you may be in now. They were
discouraged, tired of working for small pay, and
disgusted with their prospects. And then, as though
by a touch of magic, they were earning salaries that
they had never dared hope for.
For they have entered a new field—a field that
they had never dreamed of as theirs—one that is
not only the most interesting, but the best paying
branch of all business—selling.
A Foolish Notion About Salesmen
The average man imagines that, in order to make good
in selling, he must be a "born" salesman. Nothing could
he further from the truth. There is no such thing as a
"born" salesman. Thousands of clerks, machinists, book-
keepers, factory hands,
firemen and farmhands,
to-day, are
making big money in
the selling field
throug the simple plan
you are invited to investigate.
Secrets that
Make Master
Salesmen
No matter what your earnings may be, you can quickly
learn the secrets of selling that have put thousands into the
big-pay class. For the past fifteen years the National
Salesmen's Training Association has successfully trained
thousands for the selling field—and through its Free Employment
Service helped thousands to secure good selling
positions.
And through the National Demonstration Method you
gain actual experience in overcoming sales problems of all
descriptions while studying in your spare time at home.
Then, through the N. S. T. A. System of Electiyes, you
get specific instructions in how to sell the line or lines you
want to handle. In other words, the proved selling plans
of master salesmen in all lines are laid before you.
Book on "Modern Salesmanship" Fre
Without cost or obligation, we will gladly mail you a
copy of a very interesting book, "Modern Salesmanship."
In addition to many interesting facts about salesmanship,
it will also give you full information as to how you can become
a highly paid salesman. No matter what you may
think now, this book will prove to you that it's a crime to
slave for low pay when magnificent earnings are within
easy reach. There is no obligation, so just fill in the
coupon and mail it to-day.
National Salesmen's Training Asso
Dept. 45-R Chicago, 111.
National Salesmen's Training Association,
Dept. 45-R, Chicago, III.
Send me FREE your book, "Modern Salesmanship," and
proof that I can become a Master Salesman. Also send
me list of lines with openings for salesmen.
Name
Address
Age Occupation.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

162
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Become An
Automotive Electricia
*75to*IOOaWeek
GET into the highest paying branch of the continually expanding
automobile industry. 78% of all automobile repair work
is electrical. Yet not one out of fifteen garage men know enough
about automotive electricity to cash in on this field. No matter
what you now know about automobiles, this is your big chance
to quickly qualify for this uncrowded, big money field. $75 to
.100 a week is gladly paid to men who know how to repair batteries,
ignition, lighting and starting systems, magnetic gear
shifts, signalling systems and other electrical units.
PROOF
Earns $75 to $100
a Week
I have earned $75 to '$100
week ever .nice I left school.
N.Bletcher, Chicago.
Doubles Salary In Two
Weeks
Before I went to Arabu my salary
waB$30i.0a week. In two weeks
I wa_ raised twice to $60.00,
Now doine even better in my
Wm. Baas, Louisiana.
Ambu Course Gets 70%
Increase
Earning 70% more than ever before.
The course at Ambu did it.
S. E. Kiigore Batavia.
Big Dividends In
New York
Went to work in lar_e_t service
station in New York the day after
nine men were let out. My
course at Ambu ia paying big
NEWEASYWAYTOLEARN
The automobile business Is here to stay. The last
few years have been only a start Tremendous additional
expansion In Chicago ls on the way. And or the highest at Home
paid and
uncrowded branch of this enormous field needs
you. There are plenty of auto mechanics to take up a
bearing, tighten a bolt, grind out carbon. But, suppose
your starter won't start, your battery won't charge,
your lights won't light. Just try to get his aid. They re
a Chinese puzzle to the average mechanic. You'll
visit from 5 to 10 garages before you find an Automotive
Electrician. In a short time you too can become a
highly-paid Automotive Electrician who knows his work
and his worth—not a dabbler or a guesser. The special
method developed by the Ambu Engineering Institute
does not saturate you in theories and rules—It shows
how to do things and why to do them. Things ordinarily
considered complicated are now made amazingly easy.
PREPARE—AT HOME
OR IN CHICAGO
Enjoy the thousand pleasures and
broadening educational advantages of
America's great western metropolis,
while you learn a business that will
put you far ahead In the Automotive
Field.
Visit the immense stockyards. Seethe
great mile long Municipal Pier, the interesting
exhibits ln the new Field
Museum, the old Masters ln the Art
Institute. Attend the theatresspend
Sundays at your favorite sport.
There ls no place like Chicago. It la
the playground and the Educational
Center of the West. Come to Chicago
and have the happiest and most profitable
visit of your life while you learn
Automotive Electricity in America's
most practical and thorough schooL
FREE BOOK ABOUT
12,000,000 AUTOMOTIVE cars in America are equip­ ELECTRICITY
dividends.
Lewia D. Jones, New ab York. yo
Ambu Men In Demand
Bailey, Rockford.
Ambu: Then Double
Earning
My earning capacity has been
more than doubled since my
training with Ambu.
R. M. Bernhardt. Greencastlo.
$1000 a Month
I'm starting my own business as
my boss haa boon taking in over
81,000 clear profit every month.
Wyrome J, ElWd.
Forced to Open Service
Station
After graduating, I just did spare
ifttlori of I
time work.
Ernest
But my
Cameron.
reputation
Spread so fast that I had to open
Gets 50% More Than
Before
With wages going down all over
he country my electrical repair
>usino_a is booming. Thanks to
Lmbu. My earnings arc 60%
ped with electrical units constantly
getting out of order and defying the ingenuity
of bhe ordinary garage men.
The specialist is the man who makes
money today. The Automotive Electrician is a
specialist and the demand is far ahead of the
supply.
Mail the coupon for FREE book about this
big money field. If you want to learn at home
the special Ambu Method has made it practical
and thorough. If you want to learn at our
school in Chicago, a staff of experts (the same
men who developed our Home-Study method)
will take you in hand. ANY man with a common
school education can now become an Automotive
Electrician in eight short weeks. The facta
Thii 32-pato book
tells all about tho
field of Automotive
Electricity and how
hundreds o[ men have
broken out of i I (,_• field rut
with good n
afinofuture. Already
~ of thorn own
th- bu,!
_il this coupon at
once for full facta and
Hi-., mi limited timo
offer.
DOTfl than over before.
Eugene A. Chaput, Holyoke.
Increased Income
4 Times
lavo my own shop. Earning
our times what I did before I
/ent to Ambu.
Willard W. Ludlow.
about this field are so interesting and can mean
so much to you that you should inquire about
them right away. A special limited time offer
is open now—*>o mail the coupon at once.
AMBU ENGINEERING INSTITUTE
Dept. 1210, 2632 Prairie Avenue
Kindly mention Chicago, Illustrated Illinois World when
• Residence Course.
Name
• Home Study Course.
Occupation
Address City.
writing advertisers.
9 Ambu Engineering Institute,
I Dept. mo, 2632 Prairie Ave..
Chicago, Illinois.
Please send me FREE booklet and complete
E information on Automotive Electricity. Tell me
| of the rich rewards which await me ln this un*
• crowded field. I am interested ln your

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII OCTOBER, 1922 No. 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Across the Arctic Dead Line Henry Woodhouse . . .178
An Authoritative Discussion of Captain Amundsen's Flans.
Who's to Blame for Divorce? Mark H. Revell 185
The Land of the Broken Pinion Hobart C. Bennett... 189
A Follow-up of Captain Rickenbacker's Story on Aviation.
You Never Can Tell What'll Happen in a World's Series Billy Evans 193
Umpire, American League
Will You Get Your Coal This Winter? Walter L. Ballou.... 199
New Brunswick's Lure for Sportsmen Earle W. Gage 203
Nature's Enchanted Theater Torre Wyman 207
Curious Facts About the Air Rogers D. Rusk 210
Side-Show Freaks as Seen by Science E. Leslie Gilliams. . . . 213
Oh! What a Hubbub When the Gondoliers Strike John Wilbur Jameson 217
Paving the Way for Your Success Wm. Fleming French 220
The Last Shackles of the Wilderness Fall Before the Ingenuity
of Mankind 223
"Puri-Puri, New Guinea Fashion" Marvin T. Moore.... 225
Ride 'Em, Cowboy! Harold E. Nicely... 229
Ships That Commit Suicide Royal O. Regan 233
Hunting Man-Eaters in India George W. Early. . .. 235
To Make Motor Trips Homelike Ramon Jurado 239
Understudies of Uncle Sam G. H. Dacy 242
Foreign Invaders Run Up Two Billion Dollar Board Bill on
Us Every Year O. M. Kile 245
The White Gold Pirate Merlin Moore Taylor. 250
Using Guns for Factory Equipment H. Colin Campbell . . 255
Parking with Pan Lloyd Roberts 257
Taking the Work Out of Housework 261
Motoring's Most Deadly Menace—"The Flivverboob" Fred Gilman Jopp... 268
Are You a Clutch Rider? 271
Is Your Generator Degenerating? L. J. Olsen 273
The World's Longest Passenger Car 274
Automatic Brake Control to Prevent Accidents at Slow
Speeds 275
Along Boulevard de Motors 277
A Practical Sportsman's Trunk Fred B. Ellsworth... 278
The Nineteenth Rough Diamond 281
Modernizing an Old Sewing Machine Louis J. Becker 283
MANY OTHER FEATURES
See Next Page
Illustrated World sbould be on the news stands on the 10th of the month preceding the date of issue. If unable to get the magazine
on tbe 10th you will confet a favor by notifying the Circulation Manager. News-stand patrons snould instruct their News-dealer to reserve
a copv of Illustrated World, otherwise they are likely to find the magazine "sold out."
TERMS: S3.00 a year: 25 cents a copy. Canadian postage. 25 cents additional. Foreign postage, 75 cents additional. Notice of
change of address should be given thirty days in advance to avoid missing a number.
R. T. MILLER. Jr.. Publisher
Advertising Office: Publication Office: Eastern Advertising Office:
Peoples Gas Building, Chicago Drexel Avenue and 58tb St.. Chicago 120 Fifth Ave., New York City
Copyrieht, 1922, by Illustrated World
Published monthly—Entered as semnd^LlfiS mail matter at the Postoffice, Chicago, 111., under the Act of March 5, 1879.
Entered a* seVot^cJa^s mail matter at the Postoffice Department, Canada.

Dear Reader:
Do you like fiction? If it is of the clean, wholesome
type you probably do and we therefore ask you not to
overlook "The White Gold Pirate" by Merlin Moore
Taylor in this issue. It is a strikingly unusual story
in which the scientist and detective are pitted against
one another in solving a mystery that will hold your
interest from start to finish.
Are you a football fan? If so, you should not fail
to read Walter H. Eckersall's article on "Strategy in
Football" in the November issue. "Eckie," the famous
star quarterback of the University of Chicago team,
not only knows the game from its every angle, but he
can write about it in graphic fashion. In his article
he gives you real inside information about this greatest
of all college games.
Another feature in the November issue is a story
on "America's Sightless Town," by Dr. Harry E. Pine.
It tells you a great deal about eyes that you should
know.
Littell McClung also contributes a strong article
dealing comprehensively—and for the first time, we
believe—with the entire hydro-power possibilities of
the United States, which are easily sufficient to operate
all the factories and run all the railroads; light all the
cities and rural homes; heat the firesides of the country;
cook the meals of all the people, and then have
plenty of power to spare for coming decades—all far
cheaper than with coal. The facts as revealed by Mr.
McClung will be a revelation to you.
We haven't overlooked the motorist, by any means.
Harry Irving Shumway has a way of describing technical
subjects that makes them excellent reading for
the motoring millions. He has a humorous style all
his own, and he uses it in his ramble on automobile
accessories in the November issue.
These are only a few of the features in the November
ILLUSTRATED WORLD. We feel sure that
you will like it—and all subsequent issues.
Editor. *

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
We Have Cut The Price
on our great
.W«l:ftT0tt:
H E R E is your opportunity
to secure a
complete reference library
that contains all the
"ins"and "outs" of one of
the biggest industries of
the country.
The ready reference value of
these books will place you in
a position of success and
power. They'll raise your
pay. They will tell you all
the country's best known experts
can tell you about the
care and repair of motor
vehicles and tractors.
This library contains 2600
pages and 2300 pictures, diagrams
and blue prints.These
books are absolutely up-todate,
written in clear every
day English that anyone can
understand, bound in flexible
American morocco, gold
stamped. Let us send you
this reference library today
for a week's
Free
Examination
Use these books in your
home or in your shop for 7
days, without obligating
yourself in any way. Ask
your friends what they think
of them. Put them to the
test of every day working
problems.
If at the end of 7 days
you decide not to
keep them, return
them to us at
our expense.
you
SAVE
REGULAR
PRICE $45
NEW PRICE
Don't Send
Money
Just fill out and
mail the coupon below.
The books will
be shipped immediately,
by express,
collect. We are
making this free examination
offer because we
know that once you have
examined these books
you will want them. They
must sell themselves.
If you decide to keep
them, simply send us
$2.80 as first payment,
and $3.00 each month
thereafter until the special
reduced price of
$21.80 is paid.
AMERICAN
Technical Society
Dept. A-27X , Chicago.
U. S. A.
FREE EXAMINATION COUPON
American Technical Society, Dept. A-27X, C
Send me the 6 volume set of Automobile Engineering books
for a week's free trial, by express collect. I will either
return the books in one week at your expense or send yoa
$2.80 as first payment and 13.00 every month until a total of
$21.80 is paid.
Name
Address
City
I Employed by.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

166 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
$10,000
or Death!
Millionaire Blair had laughed at the first threat of the
blackmailer. The next night his lumber yard burned
to the ground. A $5,000 reward brought a score of detectives,
but not a clew. Then came Wilson, the Finger
Print Expert. He examined the death letter. A few
minutes in his laboratory—a few more at his files.
"Pick up Markaroff," he said to the chief, "and send
the reward to my office." How did he do it? Easy
enough for the Finger Print Expert. He is the leader,
the cream of detectives. Almost daily the newspapers
tell of his marvelous exploits.
More Trained Men Needed
The demand for trained men is becoming greater every
day. Here is a real opportunity for YOU. Can you
imagine a more fascinating line of work than this?
Often life and death depend on finger print evidence—
and big rewards go to the expert. Many experts earn
regularly from $3,000 to $10,000 per year.
Learn the secrets of this science at home in your spare
time. Any man with common school education and
average ability can become a Finger Print Detective
in surprisingly short time.
FREE Course in
Secret Service
For a limited time we are making a special offer of a
Professional Finger Print Outfit, absolutely Free and
Free-Course in Secret Service Intelligence. Mastery
of these two kindred professions will open up a brilliant
career to you.
Write today for fully illustrated free book on Finger
Prints which explains this wonderful training in detail
You assume no obligation. Mail the coupon now.
University of Applied Science
1920 Sunnyside Ave.. Dept. 1387, Chicago
University of Applied Science
1920 Sunnyside Ave., Dept. 1387, Chicago, III.
Gentlemen:—Without any obligation whatever, send me your new,
fully illustrated, FREE book on Finger Prints and your offer ot a
FREE courae in Secret Service Intelligence and the Free Professional
Finger Print Outfit.
City
State Age..
RADIO & AUTO Storage Batteries Charged
FROM A LAMP SOCKET At a Cost o* a Few Cents With An
Safl •» _tfWv F-F BATTERY BOOSTER, which Isa Full Wave Ma
1 *% _£_F^____ netic Rectifier for 1U5-125 volt (ili cycle A. C. Leave
T K S m__ Just as ft is in YourCar. SnapBoosterClipsonBatte i
I U S ,^/>_______. T.imi/iala, Turn Switch & Hat tery Will be Charted
^J-^f^Z/-*^* ih„ Morning-. AMMETER fc.iruinate AllGuesaWoi
nplere Portable Automatic Charging Unit wi
:ible Carbon Recttfyinz Brushes, which Chars
'Uninterruptedly. Nr.sk ill i« squired. A Fully Chai-g
BatteryStartaCanS. I'ruckQuick.thua fewer Expcnsi
Replacement Storage Batteries must be bought, wh
Kept Fully Charged; So it Costs Less to Buy a Boosi
than to be without one. DoNot Think Your Battery do
and worn out simply berau.e it will not start YourO
a Booster, Fill it with Life an-i FTesir EmHrir Sn
i75ca

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 167
"I had si^f honest, serving mens;
(The-/iaughi me all Ikneu?):
Their and HOW names and are WHERE WHAT and and WHO." WHYand WHEN
(KIPLING)
WHAT was the Declaration of London? WHATare consols?
WHY does the date for Easter Jar-/ from year to year?
WHEN and. b/whom was the great pyramid of Cheops built
HOW can You distinguish a malarial mosquito ?
WHEREAS Canberra? Zeebrugge? Delhi?
WHO was Mother Bunch? Mill bo/of the Slashes?
Are these "six 1 men y serving ybu too? GiVe them
an opportunity b/ placing
WEBSTER'S
NEW INTERNATIONAL
DICTIONARY
in your home, office, school, club, shop, library.
This " Supreme Authority " in all knowledge offers service,
immediate, constant, lasting, trustworthy. Answers all kinds of questions.
A century of developing, enlarging and perfecting under exacting care
and highest scholarship insures accuracy, completeness, compadtness,
authority.
The name Merriam on Webster's Dictionaries has a like significance
to that of the governments's mark on a coin. The NEW
INTERNATIONAL is the final authority for the Supreme Courts
and the Government Printing Office at Washington.
. oXv*X .
WRITE for a sample page of the New Words, specimen of Regular and India df J? /'0 k X /
Papers, magazine also we Booklet will send "You free are a set the of Jury," Pocket prices, Maps. etc To those naming this

168 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
" $ 60 more
a month!
77
"T AST night I came home with great news—a
$60 increase in salary! I took the money
1 J out of my pocket and asked Mary to count
it. You should have seen her face light up when
she found the extra $60. I think she was even
happier than I was, for it was the third increase
in a year.
"Today I am manager of my department—
earning more money than I ever thought it
would be possible for me to make. I owe it all
to the training I received from the International
Correspondence Schools. That little coupon was
the means of changing my whole life."
HOW much longer are you going to "wait before
taking the step that is bound to bring you
more money? Isn't it better to start now than to
wait for years and then realize what the delay
has cost you?
One hour after supper each night spent with
the I. C. S. in your own home will prepare you for
the position you want in the work you like best.
Don't let another priceless hour go to waste!
Without cost or obligation, let us prove that we
can help you. Mark and mail this coupon.
TEAR OUT HERE '
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Box 5425-B, Scranton, Penna.
Without cost or obligation, please tell me limv I can qualify for the
position or in the subject before which 1 have marked an X:
BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT
^Business Management • Salesmanship
^Industrial Management • Advertising
^Personnel Organization QBetter Letters
UTraffic Management DForeign Trade
^Business Law DStenography and Typing
Dlianking and Banking Law OBusiness English
3Accountancy (including C.P.A.) DCivil Service
1 3 Electrical Nicholson Coat Engineering Accounting Q 3 Railway Architect Mail Clerk
5 Electric Bookkeeping Lighting
L HBlue Common Print School Reading Subject.
Ti'rivato Mechanical Secretary Engineer
L H High Contractor School and Subjecta Builder
3Business Mechanical Spanish Draftsman D French Qlllustrating 3 Architectural Draftsman Q Cartooning
_ Machine TECHNICAL Shop Practice AND INDUSTRIAL 3 Concrete DEPARTMENT
Builder
3 Railroad Positions
I) Structural Engineer
3Gas Engine Operating
3 Plumbing and Heating
1 Civil Engineer
3 Chemistry Q I'liarmacy
j Surveying and Mapping
3 Automobile Work
^Metallurgy
H Navigation
TSteam Engineering
3 Agriculturo and Poultry
DRadio
Name
Street
Address
D Airplane Engines ^Mathematlca
City State..
Occupation
Persons residing in Canada should send this coupon to the International
Correspondence Schools Canadian. Limited, Montreal. Canada,
PERSONAL APPEARANCE
is now more than ever the key-note of Nuccess. Bow-Legged
and Knock-Kneed men and women, both younff and old, will
be glad to hear that I have now ready for market my new
appliance, which will successfully straighten, within a short
time, I tow-legged neBH and knock-kneed legs, safely, quickly and
permanently, without pain, operation or discomfort. Will not
interfere with ynur dm ly work, being worn at night. My new
"Lim-Htraitner." Model 18, U. S. Patent, is easy to adjust; its
result will save you soon from further humiliation, and improve
your personal appearance 100 per cent.
Write today for my free copyrighted physiological and anatomical
book which tells you how-to correct bow and knock-kneed
legs without any obligation on your part. Enclose a dime for
postage.
244-L, Ackerman M. TRILETY, Building SPECIALIST
BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
LEARN €T/re_
BUSINESS oSWJU
QUICKLY BY MAIL
We guarantee to teach you. It's easy to
learn—and easy to pet into! Make tbe
start this week. This free book tells how.
$75 to $100 a Week
—frequently paid beginners. There is no
limit to opportunitirs which men and women
trained in advertising meet on every hand.
AD-WRITER'S COMPLETE
FREE WORKING OUTFIT
Wonderful outfit of working instruments civen free oQ
specialoffer. Write for demils before offer expires. We
send ._ Tell you free and prepaid this Btirring book know on
. thi_ f; aa field. Write today. Post-
PAGE-DAVIS SCHOOt, Dept. MiO.Page Bldg Chicago
You've heard your neighbor
praise the Pathfinder, the
tvnnderful illustrated news and storypaper
published at Washington for people
This paper is the Ford of the publishing
irld: has half a million subscribers. Chuck full ofjust the
kind of reading you want. Unequaled digest of the world's
news. Question Box answers your questions. Stunts for children; realfun
for all. Exciting serial story starts soon. Send 15 cents {coin or stamps)
today for this hig $1 paper 13 weeks. You will he more than pleased.
PATHFINDER, 638 Langdon Sta., WASHINGTON, D. C.
Illi-i-khcnds, eczema, acn. nnd other kin disorders quickly nnd completely
removed with KLEARSKIN. A pleasant, urei. 'ess lotion from the formula
of a John. Hopkins skin specialist. Highly re .mm_n,l.-.l NoMnnU 111"' it
on the market. Directions wilt, every bottle. ONEY HACK IF IT FAILS-
£1 by m .H postpaid.
St., Ttnltimoie,
KLEARSKIN INSTITVTE, Suite 505, 100 N.
Kindly menlion Illustrated World ivhen "writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 169
The Magic Power of,
AFewLittle Lines
Have you ever noticed a cartoonist draw? A
short line here. Another there. A small curve.
A splash of shading—and you have a wonderful
picture! It was all so easy—because he knew
how—he knew which lines to use and just where
to put them. Through this New Easy Way to
Draw you too can learn the Magic Power of a
Few Little Lines and how to make big money in
drawing them!
NewEasyWayto
How Easy!
DRAW'
One of the most
fascinating', best
paid businesses
—yours, after a
few minutes'
train ing a day.
Invaluable asset
in yoor present
business. A few
lines can drive
home your intangible
ideas.
New way makes
it easy to leandrawing.
Delightful pastime!
Endless
fun I Acquire
the knack in
your spare time.
T H I S wonderful new method makes Cartoonists and designers are at a premium.
it possible for anyone to learn Dozens of our students started work at a high
Illustrating, Cartooning, or Com­ salary. Many earn more than the cost of the
mercial Art. Hundreds of our students course while they are learning! YOU—with
are now making splendid incomes. And a little spare time study in your own home-
most of them never touched a drawing can easily and quickly get one of these big-
pencil' before they studied with us. paying artists' jobs.
The simplicity of this method will This amazing method has exploded the o
astound you. You will be amazed at idea that talent is an absolute necessity in
your own rapid progress. You learn by art—that "it's all a gift." Just as you have
mail—yet you receive personal instruc­ learned to write, this new method teache
tion from one of America's foremost to draw. We start you with straight lin
Commercial Artists—Will H. Chandlee. then curves. Then vou learn how to put
Frank Godwin and Wynn Holcomb together. Now ynu begin making pict
(Wynn), the famous artists, are but Shading, action, perspective, and all t
two of his many successful students. follow in their right order, until you ar
Get into this fascinating game, NOW. ing pictures that bring y,,u from $50 to $50
You can easily qualify and make big morel Many artists get as high as $1,000 for
money. A few minutes* study each a single drawing!
day is all that is needed.
Big money is gladly paid—and big money
Newspapers, advertising agencies, maga­ is waiting fur anyone with foresight enough to
zines, business concerns—all are looking for prepare for this pleasant profession. Through
men and women to handle their art work. our new easy method of teaching. YOU can
earn big money as an artist, regardless of
your present ability. Mail coupon today for
interesting booklet telling all about itl
Coupon Brings Fascinating Booklet
An interesting and handsomely illustrated
booklet. "How to Become an Artist," has
been prepared and will be sent to you without
cost. It tells how you can easily become
an artist in a few minutes' daily spare time
and at the cost of a few cents a day. Explains
about this amazing method in detail.
Tells of our students—and their wonderful
progress—and how we can qualify you for
a high-salaried artist's position. Booklet
gives full particulars about our "Free
Artist's Outfit" Offer. This booklet will be
sent free, and without obligation. Read all
about this amazing New Easy Way to Draw
and how you can quickly learn, at home in
spare time. Fill out the booklet-coupon
now. Mail it TODAY.
Washington School of Art, Inc.
1898 Marden Bldg. Washington, D. C.
Mail coupon today for this fascinating
booklet, and learn how you can
become an Artist in a few minutes
a day of your spare time. Cut out
coupon and mail now.
| THE WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF ART, INC.,
1898 Marden Building, Washington, D. C. '
Please send me without cost or obligation on my I
I
part, your free book, "How to Become an Artist," .
and full details about your special Short-Time I
• Offer. •
(No solicitor will call upon you.)
Address I
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
(State whether Mr.. Mrs. or Miss) |

170 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Be a Certificated
Electrical Expert
lfour Future is in Electricity
istence, and offers every man, regardless
EARN *3500 to *10000 a Electrical Year
Working
of age, education, or previous experience,
ing.
8. Spare time work—
Special earn-while-youicarn
lessons.
College Man; you don't
bond to return every
9. All supplies furnished
have to be a High School
single penny paid me in
free of cost.
graduate. If you can read
tuition if, when you have
10. Cash Refund Guar­
and write English, my
finished my course you are
antee Bond.
course will make you a big
not satisfied it was the best investment
These features are all
success. It is the most simple, thorough, you ever made.
explained fn my big
und successful Electrical Course in ex-
Free Book.
FREE
Trained "Electrical Experts" are
in great demand at the highest
the chance to become, in a very short Outfit FREE
salaries, and the opportunities for time, an "Electrical Expert," able to I give each student a Splendid
advancement and a big success in this line make from S70 to $200 a week.
are the greatest ever known.
Outfit of Electrical Tools, Mate­
" Electrical Experts " Some Features of I Give You A Real rials and Measuring Instruments absolutely
FREE. I also furnish them
earn $70 to $200 a week. My Course
Training
with all supplies including examination
Fit yourself for one of these That Make
As Chief Engineer of paper, and many other things that other
big paying positions.
schools don't furnish. You do PRACTI­
Learn at Home to Earn
SUCCESS Certain the Chicago Engineer­ CAL work—AT HOME with this Outfit.
1. Practical Money- ing Works, I know ?
$12.00 to $30.00 a Day Making Instruction—no exactly the kind of
useless, high-sounding
Today even the ordi­
I heory.
training a man needs
nary Electrician — the 2. Free Electrical Outfit to get the best posi­
"screw driver" kind — is —Finest outfit ever sent tions at the highest salaries.
making money—big money. out for home experiment, Hundreds of my students
But it's the trained man— and practical use.
are now earning $3,500 to
the man who knows the 3. Free Employment $10,000 a year. Many are
whys and wherefores of Service. (Helps you get succesful ELECTRICAL
Electricity—the "Electrical a good Job.)
CONTRACTORS.
Expert"—who is picked out 4. Free Consulting Ser­ YourSatisfaction
to "boss" ordinary Electrivice. (No chance Guaranteed
to get
cians—to boss Big Jobs— stuck on anything, while
the jobs that pay. You too, studying or afterward.) So sure am I that you
can learn to fill one of these 5. Free Engineering can learn Electricity—
jobs — spare-time only, is Magazine.
so sure am I that after
needed. Be an "Electrical 6. Free use of my Elec­
Expert"—Earn S70 to S200 trical Laboratory. studying with me, you
a week.
7. Extra Courses Free— too can get into "the
Age or Lack of Exper­ Radio—Electrical Draft­ "big money" class in
ience No Drawback
electrical work, that I
will guarantee under
You don't have to be a
ou ,S. art r| ght in after the first few lessons
to V> ORK AT YOUR PROFESSION in
a practical way.
Get Started Now—Mail Coupon
I want to send vou the "Vital
Facts" of the Electrical Indus
including my Electrical Book. Proof
Lessons and a sample of mv guarantee
bond all FREE. These cost'you nothing
and you 11 enjoy them. Make the start
? /, ,or l* bright future ln Electricity
Send in the coupon—NOW.
L. L. COOKE. Chief Engineer
CHICAGO ENGINEERING WORKS
Dept. !:•__• 107, ti SO Lawrence Ave. Chic
Cook '- Chief Engineer
I V. Ic ?'° En -ineering Works. Dept. 10J
2150 Dear Lawrence Sir:—Send -Send Ave., at Chicago, once the III. "Vital "V*
I
•our
Facts i?r£__r_"i«V containing Sample Lessons, yo
Big Book, and full particulars of yo
I
a "j -T U " particulars or your
I ree Outfit and Home Study Course— all
art prepald * wlt hout obligation on my
Name.
Addruss.
The Cooke Trained Man is the "BigPay'Man
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertise.

Opportunit^Gblumns
Our rate for classified advertisements of ten words or more, name and address included, is 10 cents a word,
payable in advance. Advertisements for the November issue will be accepted up to September 25th, but early receipt or
copy insures good position under tbe proper classification.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD, Adv. Dept., Peoples Gas Building, Chicago.
AUTOS AND AUTO SUPPLIES
AUTOMOBILE mechanics, owners, garagemen
, repa irm e n, sen .1 for free copy
America's Popular Motor Magazine. Contains
helpful. Instructive information on
overhauling, ignition wiring, carburetors,
batteries, etc. Automobile Digest, 9, 520
Butler Bldg.. Cincinnati.
STOP the chatter in your Ford. Send
quarter for copyrighted pattern of Inexpensive
transmission oiler. Easily made and
applied. Nolan, Long Branch, New Jersey.
MOTORCYCLES
LAKGEST stock of new and used motorcycle
parts and accessories in the world at
your disposal via L'ncle Sam's mall. Write
for quotations. Motorcycle Parts Mfg. Co.,
2030-36 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
AVIATION
MEN WANTED! Airplane Experts earn
$2,000 to $10,000 a year. I will qualify you
fur one of these big jobs. Write L. B.
Coombs, Chief Engineer, Central Airplane
Works, 3254 Lincoln Ave., Chicago.
BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
BOOKS for sale on occultism, mysticism,
theosophy, mental science, advanced thot,
seership, sex secrets, crystal gazing, mediumship.
clairvoyants, personal magnetism,
mind reading, astrology, numerology, yogi,
hermetic and rosicrucian philosophy. List
free. The Grail Press, Desk C, 712 G St..
N. E., Washington, D. C.
'.00 MECHANICAL movements and 50
perpetual motions illustrated and explained
in my book. Inventor's Universal Educator,
5th edition—tells how to procure and sell
patents. Government and other costs. Covers
the matter from A to Z—160 pages—•
elegantly bound. Contains noted decisions
of I.\ S. Supreme ami State Courts on patent
cases. Mechanical movements greatly
assist inventors—suggest new Ideas that
might prove of great aid in perfecting inventions.
Tells how to select an attorney.
Has valuable Information regarding patent
sharks, selling agents and promoters. Price
{2. Postage free everywhere. Fred G. Dleterlch.
611 Ouray Hide, Washington, D.

172
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
SPECIALTY Salesmen—Big money while
developing a permanent business of your
own. A complete clothing stoic yours without
Investment. Quick selling, big prollt
line. A repeater. Full Information nnd
proof of what you can do. Write today.
Wright & Co., Dept. 1387, Congress, Throop
and Harrison Sts., Chicago. _____________
BIG money and fast sales. Every owner
buys Gold Initials for his auto. You churge
$1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders dally easy.
Write for particulars and free samples.
American Monogram Co., Dept. 130, East
Orange, N. J.
AGENTS—Johnson cleared $137.00 last
week selling JIFFY CHANG Signs. Every
merchant buys. Fastest seller made. Costs
25c, sells §1.00. Sample prepaid, 25c.
Peoples Portrait, Dept. C, 566 W. Randolph.
Chicago.
MAKE .--.,'11111 e. rj yeai $2. in spare
time. You share profits besides. Show
"Weather Monarch" Raincoats and Waterproofed
Overcoats. Ask about "Duol Coat"
(No. 999). Free raincoat for your own
use. Associated Raincoat Agents, Inc., G444
North Wells. Chicago.
WORLD'S fastest agent's seller. 300 per
cent profit. Needed in every homo and
store. Establish permanent business.
Premier Mfg. Co., Sll E. Grand Blvd.,
Detroit, Mich.
NO DULL TIMES SELLING FOOD—
people must eat. Federal distributors make
big money; $3,000 yearly and up. No
capital or experience needed; guaranteed
sales: unsold ?oods may be returned. Your
name on packages builds your own business.
Fre_ samples to customers—Repeat
orders sure. Exclusive territory. Ask Now!
Federal Pure Food Co., Dept. 54, Chicago.
TAILORING agents—We've got a wonderful
line of all wool tailored to order
suits and overcoats to retail at $29.50.
They're all one price. $20 cheaper than
store prices. You keep deposits-, we deliver
and collect. Protected territory for hustlers.
Write J. B. Simpson, Dept. 160, 831-843
W. Adams. Chicago.
LIVE agents make $10 day selling Eureka
Strainer and Splash Preventer for every
water faucet. Takes on sight. Widely
advertised and known. Get details today.
A. E. Seed Filter Company, 73 Franklin,
New York.
SCHEMER magazine. Alliance, Ohio,
prints big profit schemes; one subscriber
making $25,000 from three; another $10,-
000 from one. Try your luck. Year, only
$1.00; three months, 25c. ____
AGENTS—$54 a week. Travel by auto.
Install new stove converter in city and
country homes. Wonderful invention. Cook
and bake all year without coal or wood.
No gas or electricity needed. We furnish
auto. Sample free. Thomas Mfg. Co.,
Class 2577. Dayton, Ohio.
BIG earnings and steady repeat business
assured agents selling to women and
homes, finest, most complete line toilet preparations
and specialties. Sure Success Plan.
Get details today. Colonial Chemical Company,
631-K, Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa.
MAKE $25 to $50 weekly representing
Clows' Famous Philadelphia Hosiery, direct
from mill, for men, women, children. Every
pair guaranteed. Prices that win. Free
book "How to Start" tells the story. George
Clows Company, Desk 21. Philadelphia, Pa.
"$10 A DAY And More," our new book,
shows clearly how you may gain sure success
and large profits selling Guaranteed
Hosiery and Underwear, factory to family.
It is freo. Write today. C. & D. Company,
33-E. Grand Rapids. Mich.
PORTRAIT agents and others. Get hig
profits. Sell Perry Photo Medallions, You
charge $2.98; make 100% profit. $10 dally
easy. Big, exclusive line. 4-day service,
Perry Photo Novelty Corporation, Section
27, 360 Bowery. New York.
AGENTS—Enormous profits, permanent
repeat business, exclusive territory, selling
highest quality products at low prices.
Cocoanut Oil Shampoo retails 50c bottle.
costs $1 dozen, Soaps, Perfumes, Extracts,
etc. G. Verdlna Co.. 16 East 13th, New
York.
EVERYBODY uses Extracts. Sell DUO
Double Strength Extracts. Comploto lino
household necessities, hig repeaters. Write
today DUO Co., Dept. E-68, Attica.
N Y.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
WE want men and women who are desirous
of making $25 to $200 per week
clear profit from the start In a permanent
business of their own. Mitchell's Magic
Marvel Washing Compound washes clothes
spotlessly clean in ten to fifteen minutes.
One hundred other uses in every home.
Nothing else like It. Nature's mightiest
cleanser. Contains no lye, lime, acid or
wax. Free samples make sales easy. Enormous
repeat orders—300% profit. Exclusive
territory. We guarantee sale of every package.
Two other "sight sellers" and sure
repeaters give our agents the fastest selling
line in the country. No capital or experience
required. Baker, Ohio made $600 last
month. You can do as well. Send for Free
Sample and proof. L. Mitchell & Co., Desk
70. 1302-1314 E. 61st, Chicago, 111.
TAILORING AGENTS—Our virgin wool
tailored to order suits and overcoats sell
fast at $29.50. All fabrics, all styles the
same price. Over 600 men now making
$50 to $150 a week. You keep deposits.
Quick service, protected territory. 6x9
swatch outfit free. Write Salesmanager,
.1 B. Simpson, Dept. 831-843 West
Adams, Chicago.
WE want men taking orders for Insyde
Tyres. Positively prevent punctures and
blowouts. Give double tire mileage—any
tire, old or new. Use over and over again.
Old worn out casings give 3 to 5 thousand
miles more service. Enormous demand.
Low priced. Spare time or full time $6 to
$12 a day. Write for agency. American
Accessories Co.. B-549. Cincinnati. Ohio.
AGENTS' wonderful opportunity ln Japanese
novelty, write P. Fonos, U. S. Wholesaler,
New Richmond, Wis.
GREATEST SENSATION! Eleven-piece
Soap and Toilet Set. selling like blazes for
$1.75 with $1.00 Dressmaker's Shears Free,
to each customer. Other Unique Plans.
E. M. Davis Co.. Dept 13S. Chicago.
AGENTS—Signs of all kinds for stores
and offices. Big money making line.
Atracto Sign Works. O. Cicero, P. O.,
Cliirago.
SALES REPRESENTATIVE wanted every
county to give all or spare time. Position
worth $1,200 to $3,000 yearly. No previous
experience or capita, necessary. Write for
full particulars. A. G. Silver-Chamberlin
Company, Clayton, N. J.
SE-..L guaranteed coal saving devices
Save half coal. Expensive coal makes
tremendous demand. 100 per cent profit.
A. E. Dalot, 204 N. 5th St., Philadelphia.
Pa. SALESMEN ACT QUICK—Ten patented
auto necessities. Spark plugs, visors, windshield
cleaners, hose clamps, etc. Generous
commissions. Jubilee Mfg. Co., 11 Sta. C.
Omaha, Neb.
A BUSINESS of your own—Make sparkling
glass name plates, numbers, checkerboards,
medallions, signs; big illustrated
book free. E. Palmer, 5oS Wnoster, Ohio.
AGENTS—Make $7 to $11 a day. Brand
new aluminum handle cutlery set. You take
orders, we deliver and collect. Pay you
daily. Full or spare time. No experience
necessary. No capital. We need 1,500 sales
agents, men or women, to cover every county
in the U. S. Demand enormous. Write
quick. Jennings Mfg. Co,, Dept. 1849. Dayton,
Ohio.
136 LETTER automobile initialing outfit,
$1.50 postpaid. Apply 25c each—make
$32.50. Your initials 25c set. Particulars
free. Monogram Initial Co., Westwood, N.J.
AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair
for tires and tubes: supersedes vulcanization
at a saving of over S00 per cent;
put it on cold. It vulcanizes itself in two
minutes, and Is guaranteed to last the life
of the tire or tube: sells to every auto owner
and accessory dealer. Fur particulars huw
to make big money and free sample, address
Amazon Rubber Co., Philadelphia, Pa .
Dept, 50:i.
MAKE 600% profit. Free samples. Lowest
priced gold window letters for stores.
offices. Anybody can do It. Large demand.
Exclusive territory. Big future. Side line,
Acme Letter Co., 2800-P Congress, Chicago.
GP:T our plan for Monogramming automobiles,
trunks, hand luggage and all similar
articles hy transfer method; experience
unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists'
Access. Co., Mansfield, Ohio.
57 MILES per gallon made with new patented
gasoline vaporizer. Write for particulars.
Vaporizer Co., Pukwana, S. Dak.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
SELL necessities. Everybody needs and
buys the "Business Guide." Bryant cleared
$800 in July. Send for sample. It's free,
Nichols Co.. Dept. 5B, Naperville, 111.
AMBITIOUS men, write today fur attractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to
America's most popular automobile mo
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales.
profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. > , '
9520 Butler. Bldg., Cincinnati. ^
AGENTS—$15 a day; easy, quick si
free auto; big weekly bonus; $1.50 prerr .
free to every customer. Simply shi_w
beautiful, 7-plece, solid aluminum ha .
cutlery set Appeals Instantly. We de
and collect. Pay daily. New Era Mfg.
so; Madison St., Dept. B35, Chicago.
AGENTS—Sell articles which repeat
on which you can build up a perma
business. You can do it with "Za
Products, a high class line of Soaps,
fumes, Flavors, Coffee, Tea, Baking Po
and other Pure Food Products and He i
hold Necessities. Write today for New
Money-Making Plan. American Products
Co., 7743 Am^riean Bldg.. Cincinnati, O.
TERRITORY Salesman—First popular
price Fire Extinguisher ever made. Retail
$5. Others cost $15. Every home,
office or factory can be sold. One man sold
12,000 in Dayton. Peck cleaning up in
Detroit $90 a week. No capital. No experience.
Territory going fast. Write
Thurston Mfg. Co., 149 Foe St., Da. ton,
Ohio.
AGENTS $7 a day taking orders for Nnv
Stove Transformer for home use. Substitutes
kerosene for coal and generates gas
for cooking, baking and heating. LTsed yea]
around. Sample furnished. Parker Mfg;
Co.. 349 Mat. St.. Dayton, Ohio.
SELL upholstered furniture from youi
home. Big money, direct from manufacturer,
wholesale. Photos for stamp. Grogg'a
Upholstery. 312 Northwestern Ave., Spring­
field. Ohio.
IF you ive in a
want to m ike from
write at once.
St. Joseph
town nl over 1.000 and
$50 to per month
Nothing to >' sell. Box 34V,
Mo.
QUICK sales, big profits selling our high
grade quality waterproof aprons, and our
beautiful and useful pure rubber Tea Aprons
in delightful colors. Meeting enthusiastic
receDtion among housewives, who buy on
sight. Splendid money making opportunity
for men and women. Obtain particulars.
A. C. Bergen Manufacturing Company. 413
Locust St.. Philadelphia.
$100,000.00 CONCERN wants agents to
take orders for Gabardine Gas Mask Raincoats.
Biggest selling coat in America
today. Wonderful value. Big profit—in
advance. Two sales means big days wages.
Only sample of cloth necessary—furnished
free. We deliver and collect. Write today
for exclusive territory and selling outfit.
Dept. 605. Lewis Raincoat Company. Cleveland.
MALE HELP WANTED
MAKE Money in spare time mailing let
ters. Men, write now. enclosing stamped
addressed reply envelope. Normande V
Dept, 147 W 23rd St.. New York.
BE a Detei the; excellent opportunity;
good pay; travel. Write C. T. Ludwig, 416
Westover Bldg . Kansas City. Mo.
DETECTIVES earn big money. Great
demand. Experience unnecessary. Particulars
free. Write American Detective System,
I!'68 Broadway. New York.
AGENTS—Cost 5.00, your profit $89.50
transferring monograms QII autos. trunks.
bags, furniture, etc.. no experience, no
license, write for free samples. Transfer
Mmogran. Co., Inc.. 10 Orchard St.. Dept.
No. 162. Newark. N. J.
$100 WEEKLY made by voung man in
small town without capital or experience in
local advertising business. You can do the
same. Free booklet tells how s Meyer,
211 Seventh Street. Louisville, Ky
FIREMEN, B r a k e m e n. Baggagemen,
Sleeping car, train porters (colored). $140
to $200. Experience unnecessary. 833 Rallwav
Bureau. East St. Louis. 111.
AMBITIOUS men, write todav for attractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to
America's most popular automobile and
sportsman s magazine. Quick sales. Big
!. r c°il ts X PIe asant work. Digest Pub. Co.,
9520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 173
Wanted
$ 3600
A YEAR
to fill this
chair
all over
the
country
Per
Year
72,00© Men at $ 3.60
Mow, more than any other time, it is your
Write as a high to grade me today draftsman. if YOU This want chair to is sit yours in one if yoa of the want many to vacant chairs like this—if you want a splendid position as
a fill skilled it. Will draftsman yoa accept at the $3600 opportunity a year. ? Now is the time to get ready for the big building boom everywhere.
No Closest other estimates man or fix institution the number can of imitate men who my will method. be needed I teach every month daring 1922 at 6000. Write to me and I will tell yoo how
I you can personally. make you a first I give class, yoa private big money-earning Instruction. draftsman I make in you a few I months—in Guarantee
plenty of time so that you will be ready.
Many see bow a man I made who a has success written as a to draftsman. me now earns For $3600 20 years or more. I have The draftsman's training they got from me gave them the power
to been command doing the this price. highest There paid will expert be no drafting obligation work on as you chief if you send me yoor name. No— "
duty draftsman. to find out So the how instruction I can train you personally get from me to fill is practical.
a position
That is the kind of instruction you need to hold one of the big
paying positions. I know what the big firms demand. Remember,
I train yoa antil you sre actually placed in a position paying
from $250 to $300 per month. So write today. Do not put this
opportunity off. Positions are open right now—thie very minute.
Earn Money While Learning
I even give yoa an opportunity to begin earning money ae soon
as yoa enroll as one of my personal and private students This
enables some men who might not be able to begin this practical
training now to pay their way as they go along.
Write for this plan today, if yoa are a man dreaming of a big
successful future.
Mail Coupon Today
There are no obligations in Bending your name and address to
me on this free coupon. Send it today. 1 will mail you at once
absolately free and prepaid my new book, "Successful Draftsmanship.
"It will tell yoa why so many men are needed right
DOW and it will tell yoa bow to earn money while learning. So
pend the coupon now.
to Train You Until You Are
Placed in a Position Paying
from $250 to $300 a Month.
FREE!
$25.00 Drafting Outfit
Here IB the high-grade drafting outfit which I give you without
one cent of expense to you. Every instrument of the highest
quality. Everything you need. Packed in a handsome plush
i iiniiuit iiiiuiiiii
lined case. Just the kind I use myself.
Chief Chief Draftsman Draftsman Dobe, 4001 Broadway, Dobe Div. 1387, Chicago. ID.
4001 Broadway, Div. 1387, Chicago, IN.
Without any obligation whatsoever, please mail your book,
"Successful Draftsmanship," and full particulars of your liberal
"Personal Instruction" offer to a few students.
Vame._
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

174 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
MALE HELP WANTED
SILVERING mirrors, French plate,
taught. Easy to learn. Immense profits.
Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, Excelsior
Springs, Missouri.
"RELIABLE tire concern wants capable
man for County Representative and Sales
Manager. $50 capital necessary." Chicago
Rubber Works, 2S4S Broadway. Chicago, 111.
MEN—Boys, over 17 wanted for U. S,
Government positions. $92 to $190 month.
Short hours. Steady work. Common education
suhiclent. Write immediately for list
positions. Franklin Institute, Dept. J1S,
Eochester, N. Y.
ASTROLOGY
ASTROLOGY—Stars tell life's story.
Send birth date ami dime for trial reading.
Eddy-Troost Station, Suite 4 0, Kansas
City, Mo.
TELEGRAPHY
TELEGRAPHY (Morse and wireless) and
railway accounting taught thoroughly. Big
salaries. Great opportunities. Oldest, largest
school. All expenses low; can earn large
part. Catalogue free. Dodge's Institute,
World St.. Valparaiso, Indiana.
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
INVENTORS—Send sketch or model of
invention for opinion concerning patentable
nature and exact cost of patent. Book,
"How to Obtain a Patent," sent free. Tells
what every Inventor should know. Established
twenty-eight years. Highest references,
prompt service, reasonable charges.
Chandlee & Chandlee, 436 Seventh, Washington.
D. C.
INVENTORS—Send sketch or model of
invention for advice. Write for Evidence
of Disclosure form and Book on Patents,
free. Prompt service. Merton-Roberts &
Company, 177 Mather Building. Washington.
P. C.
PATENTS—Protect your rights. Before
disclosing invention, write for booklet and
blank form Evidence of Conception to be
signed, witnessed and returned with rough
sketch or model of your idea, upon receipt
of which I will promptly give opinion of
patentable, nature and Instructions. No
charge for' preliminary advice. Highest references.
Prompt, personal attention. Clarence
O'Brien. Registered Patent Lawyer,
74 8 Southern Bldg., Washington, D, C.
PATENTS—Send for free book. Contains
valuable information for inventors. Send
sketch of your invention for free opinion
of its patentable nature. Prompt service.
(Twenty years' experience.) Talbert &
Talbert, 409 Talbert Bldg., Washington,
D. C.
PATENTS
I REPORT If patent obtainable and exact
cost. Send for circular. Herbert
Jenner, Patent Attorney and Mechanical
Expert, 624 F St., Washington, D. C.
PATENTS—Write for Free Illustrated
Guide Book and Record of Invention Blank.
Send model or sketch and description or
invention for free opinion of its patentable
nature. Highest reference. Reasonable
terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 18_: Ninth,
Washington, 1). C.
INVENTORS desiring to secure patent
should write for our guide book, "How to
Get Your Patent"; tells terms and methods.
Send model or sketch and description of
Invention and we will give our opinion of
patentable nature. Randolph A; Co., Dept.
_!72, Washington, D. C. ___
"INVENTOR'S Guide," free on request;
it gives very valuable information and advice.
Write Frank Ledermann, 14 Park
Row, New York, N. Y.
PATENTS, trade-marks, copyrights. Thirty
years' active practice. Experienced, personal,
conscientious service. Difficult and
rejected cases solicited. Book with terms
free. Address E. G. Slggers, Patent Lawyer,
Box 4, Washington, D. C.
PATENTS. Send sketch or model for
preliminary examination. Booklet free.
Highest references. Best results. Promptness
assured. Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer,
624 F St., Washington, D. C.
GOOD patents may lead to wealth. To
Insure validity have skilful professional
patent attorneys prepare your case. Lamb
& Co., Patent and Trademark Attorneys,
141H G Street, Washington, D. C.
MILLIONS spent annually for ideas!
Hundreds now wanted! Patent yours and
profit! Write today for free books; tell
how to protect yourself, how to Invent, ideas
wanted, how we help you sell, etc. 214
Patent Dept., American Industries, Inc.,
Washington, D. C.
PATENTS procured, trade-marks registered.
A comprehensive, experienced, prompt
service for the protection and development
of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly
furnished without charge. Booklet of Information
and form for disclosing idea free
on request. Richard B. Owen. 185 Owen
Bldg., Washington D. C, or 2276-9 Woolworth
Bldg., New York.
EXACT expenses quoted in advance.
Moderate charges. No extras. Applications
satisfactorily prepared or money returned.
Submit data I/vnwnod B. James Ri4 Mc­
Gill Bldg.. Washington, D. C, Established
1913.
FARM LANDS FOR SALE
WILL sell 160 acres of level rock free
wild land, part timber, near railroad and
traveled highway with power line ln settled
community, ln St. Louie County, Minn.,
$13,50 per acre. P. Fonos, New Richmond,
Wis.
PERSONAL
EXCHANGE cheery interesting letter
with new friends. Lots fun! Stamp ap
predated. Eva Moore, Box 908, Jackson
vllle, Florida. J
"PIMPLES cured. Skin-tone will clea
your skin of Acne, Pimple, Blackheads, etc
$1.00 a bottle. Money back, guarantee
Gluck & Company, Birmingham, Ala."
WRITE photoplays. $25—$300 r •
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience Ufl
necessary. Complete outline free. Produ
League, 5!*2, St. Louts.
TOBACCO or snuff habit cured or a
pay. $1.00 if cured. Remedy sent .
trial. Superba Co., SK, Baltimore, Mt
$5,000 IN Prizes to readers of GLO 1 • •
The Devil's Book. That new snappy, j
magazine. Chuck full of hilarity, rldii
sarcasm, jokes and red-hot editorials
Truth. When Gloomy Buy Gloom. Ha
laugh with Old Nick himself. Publish*
monthly. For sale on news stands at 25
per copy, $2.50 per year or direct froc
Gloom Publishing Co., Los Angeles, Calif
MAKE new friends through exchansln
letters I You'll find It loads of fun I Bett
Lee. Inc., 4254 Broadway. New York City
Send stamp.
LONESOME Club—Hundreds single, con
genial people, all walks of life, want t
correspond. Particulars, photos, etc., free
Hon. Ralph Hyde, 161, San Francisco, Cal
ALCOHOL Book $1. Formulas free. Ry(
Rum Flavors $2 bottle. Copper Kettles, C
Cara. Box 2571, Boston.
FRENCH Girls want correspondents. Bot
languages. Paper addresses three month
$1. Year, 2. Y. Delacavefer. 282d'Entralgues.
Tours, France.
WANTED TO BUY
CASH for Old Gold. Platinum. Silvei
Diamonds, Liberty Bonds. War. Thrift
Unused I'ostage Stamps. False Teeth. Magu
to Points. Jobs. Any valuables. Mail ii
today. Cash sent, return mail. Good
returned in ten days if you're not satisfied
Ohio Smelting Co., 314 Hippodrome Bldg.
Cleveland. Ohio.
MISCELLANEOUS
"SEXUAL Philosophy," 12c, clear, spe
cific, authoritative, complete. Teaches, sat
isries. Fred E. Kaessmann, Lawrence, Mass
FRENCH, other European, Canadian
American ladies wish correspondents. Pape
addresses, year. $2; three months, $1. Y
Delacavefer, 282 d'Entraigues, Tours
France.
$1 JLWA-GLANS for men. Promote vigor
prevent waste. Big bottle JS. Circular free
R. Thorndike Co., Box 199:, Bostou.
Write for our Free Illustrated Guide Book HOW TO OBTAIN A PATENT, also
our blank form, "RECORD OF INVENTION," which should be signed.
witnessed and if returned to us together with mode) or sketch and description of
the invention, we will give our opinion as to its patentable nature.
Highest References Prompt Attention Reasonable Terms
VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., Patent Attorneys
New York Offices Pittsburgh Offices Philadelphia Offices San Francisco Offices
Woolworth Bldg. 514 Empire Bldg. 714-715 Liberty Bldg. Hobart Bldg.
Chicago Offices: 1114 Tacoma Bldg.
MAIN OFFICES: 769 NINTH STREET, WASHINGTON. D. C.
Gentlemen: Please send me Free of charge your book as per offer.
Name Address •_•.._•••
From "Where Knowledge
Means Happiness"
Copyright 1921
SEX
Facts other Bex books don't dare
discuss are plainly told in "Where
Knowledge Means Happiness."
Creates a new kind of married love.
One reader says:
/( contains more real information than
all other sex books put together.
Sent in plain cover, bu return mail, for
$1X10, cash, money order, check or
stamps.
KNOWLEDGE BOOK CO., Dept. 14. 257 W. 71st St., New York
MUSIC LESSONS FREE
IN YOUI
OWN
•*»_«••*_**odj;TtloM* E£tfW quuK^ HOME
Piano, Organ, Violin, Mandolin, Guitar, Banjo, e
Beginners or advanced players. One lesson weekly. Illustrations mako every
thins plain. Only expense, about 2c per day to cover cost ol DoatW-fl and _ou_ii
used. Write for FREE booklet which explains everything in full
AMCRICAN SCHOOL OF MUSIC, 72 Lakeside Building, Chlcagc
"E*T3TJ*^* t0 < - ar ° w ners. Garngemen and Mechanics. Send _&t-fl
X 1 XY.E-'JE*' for FRkE COPY of the American Automobile Digest
Contains helpful, instructive information on overhauling
ignition, carburetors, storage batteries, wiring, adjusting, repairing, etc
Piolusely illustrated.
American Automobile Digest, 611 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati, OhU

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 175
PEBMAHENT ALIGNMENT
yZ FORK
TYPEWRITER SENSATION!
Free Trial—Use as You Pay
Send us only $4.00 a month until the low total
price of $48.85 is paid, and the machine is yours.
This is absolutely the most generous typewriter offer
ever made. Do not rent a machine when you can pay
$4.00 a month and own one. Cash price $44.00, just a
little less than half its original price.
STANDARD
. VISIBLE ) SMITH Modes
No. 6
Perfect machines. Standard size. Keyboard of Universal arrangement,
writing 84 characters. The entire line of writing completely
visible at all times, haa the tabulator, the two-color ribbon, the back
spacer. In fact every late style feature and modern operating convenience.
Comes to you with everything complete; tools, cover, operating
book and instructions—nothing extra to buy. You cannot
Imagine the perfection of this beautiful reconstructed
typewriter until you have seen it. We have sold thousands
of these perfect late style machines and every one of these
thousands of satisfied customers had this beautiful, strictly
up-to-date machine on five days'free trial before deciding
to buy It. We will send it to you F. O. B. Chicago for five days'
free trial. It will sell itself, but if you are not satisfied that this Is
the greatest typewriter ynu ever saw, you can return it at our expense.
You won't want to return It after you try it, for you cannot
equal this wonderful value anywhere.
SEND NO MONEY
Put I n Your Order Now
When the typewriter arrives deposit with the
express agent $4.85 and take the machine for
five days' trial. If you are convinced that ft is
the best typewriter you ever saw keep It and send us $4.00 a month
until our bargain price of $48.85 is paid. If you don't want 11. return
It to the express ageDt, receive your $4.85 and return the machine
We will pay the return express charges. This machine ls guaranteed
Justaslf you paid $100.00 for It. It Is standard. These typewriters
are samples the manufacturer had at their branch offices throughout
United States and have never been used except for demonstration
purpose. Just like new but at extremely low price. The supply at
this price Is limited, the price will probably be raised when
next advertisement appears, so don't delay. Fill In the coupon
to-day—the typewriter will be shipped promptly. There
is no red tape. We employ no solicitors—no collectors—no Chattel
mortgage. It Is simply understood that we retain title to the machine
until full S48.85 Is paid. You cannot lose. It is the greatest typewriter
opportunity you will ever have. Do not send us one cent.
Get the coupon in the malls to-day—sure.
SMITH TYPEWRITER SALES CO., 190,218 N. Wells Si., Chicago, III.
SMITH TYPEWRITER SALES CO., 190, 218 N. Wells Si., Chicago, 111.
Ship me the Standard Visible Smith Model No. 6, F. O. B. Chicago,
as described ln this advertisement. I will pay you $4.00 monthly as
rent until the $44.00 balance of the Special $48 85 sale price is paid.
The title to remain ln you until fully paid for. It Is understood that
I have five days in which to examine and try the typewriter. If I
choose Name . not to keep It I will carefully repack it and return It to the
express agent. It Is understood that you give the standard guarantee.
Street Address.
City
Occupation or Business.,
Latest Photograph of Earle E. Liederman
IF YOU WERE DYING
TO-NIGHT and I offered you something that would give you
ten years more to live, would you take It? You'd grab it.
Well, fellows, I've got it. but don't wait till you're dying or it
won't do you a bit of good. It will then bo too late. Right
now is the time. Tomorrow, or any day some disease will
get you, and if you have not equipped yourself to fight It
off, you're gone. I don't claim to cure disease. I am not
a medical doctor, hut I'll put you in such condition that
the doctor will starve to death waiting for you to take sick.
Can you imagine a mosquito trying to bite a brick wall? A
flue chance.
1 like _o get the weak ones. I delitrht In getting hold of ,,„,. who has
A RE-BUILT MAN
been turned down aa hopeless bv others. It's ____ ennuir. . igh to finish a task
that's more than half d ... But Civ.
aickly chap and watch
„„ dtroneer. That's what I like. It's o me because I know I
can do it and 1 like to give the other fellow the . I don't just give you
a veneer of muscle that looks (rood to others. I • • on you both inside and
out. I not only put big, massive arms and lees >••• yon. but I build up those
inner muscles that surround your vital organs. Th — '

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
A Big Raise in Salary!
Is Very Easy to Qet, If You (}o About It in the Right Way
You have often heard of others who have doubled and trebled the
salaries in a year's time. You wondered how they did it. Was it a pull?
Don't you think it. When a man is hired he gets paid for exactly what he
does, there is no sentiment in business. It's preparing for the future and
knowing what to do at the right time that doubles and trebles salaries.
Remember When You Were a Kid We Will Show You How
and tried to ride a bike for the very first Without loss to you of a single working hour
time? You thought that you would never we can show you a sure way to success and
l.arn and then—all of a sudden you knew big pay. A large number of men in each of
how, and said in surprise: "Why it's a cinch the positions listed are enjoying their salaries
if you know how." It's that way with most because of our help — we want to help you.
things, and getting a job with big money is
no exception to the rule, if you know how.
AMERICAN SCHOOL
Dept. G B-48
Make check on the coupon against the job you want
and we will help you to get it. Write or print your
name on the coupon and send it in today.
OF CORRESPONDENCE
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE, Dept. G B-4R :
I want job checked — tell me how to get it.
Architect $5,000 to $15,000
.Building Contractor $5,000 to $10,000
Automobile Engineer $4,000 to $10,0C0
Automobile Repairman $2,500 to $4,000
Civil Engineer $5,000 to $15,000
.Struclural Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
.Business Manager $5,000 to $15,000
.Certified Public Accountant $7,000 to $15,000
Accountant and Auditor $2,500 to $7,000
Draftsman and Designer $2,500 to $4,000
.Electrical Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
.General Education
Name.
In one year
.Address.
Chicago. U. S. A.
Lawyer $5,000 to $15,000
Mechanical Engineer $4,000 to $10,000
.Shop Superintendent $3,000 to $7,000
Employment Manager $4,000 to $10,000
.Steam Engineer $2,000 to $4,000
Foreman's Course $2,000 to $4,000
Photoplay Writer $2,00" to $10,000
. Sanitary Engineer $2,000 to $5,000
.Telephone Engineer $2,500 to $5,000
. Telegraph Engineer $2,500 to $5,000
High School Graduate In two years
.Fire Insurance Expert $3,000 to $10,000
Kividlx \nentinn Hlu elrated W'nrttj 7£ihev 7£iriting advertisers

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVII OCTOBER, 1922 No. 2
•A. 4 ^,ui >J' "J V •> ^ "J. v 'tf vr "J- NF 'J •*—ar
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, inventor of the telephone
and a cooperator with Thomas A. Edison in inventions
of world-wide utility, who died on August 1 at his summer
home in Nova Scotia, was without doubt one of the greatest
scientists and benefactors of the age. First among his
inventions is, of course, the telephone, but humanity owes
to him many other devices which have proved of inestimable
value. He was born in Edinburgh, March 3, 1847

ACROSS THE ARCTIC DEAD LINE
Amundsen's Arctic Expedition's Ship Reaches Danger Region Where the
Jeanette and the Karluk Were Crushed—an Every Minute Tussle
with Gigantic Forces. Radio to Aid in Flight Across Pole
Captain Amundsen in His "Parkas,"
the Costume He Wears
During His Explorations of the
Frigid North
A N epochal adventure is unfolding in
the Arctic—in the immense white
expanse at the top of the world,
where nature breaks up and moves
about masses of ice weighing millions
of tons with apparently less effort
than a child makes in trying to move
a log on a pond. There, where
the weather changes on short notice
178
By HENRY WOODHOUSE
President of the Aerial League of America
Author of the "Textbook of Military Aeronautics." "Textbook of Naval
Aeronautics," "Textbook of Aerial Laws," "Wall Map of the World's
One Thousand Airways," etc. Mr. Woodhouse has acted as aeronautic
advisor for and has been associated with Peary. Amundsen. Bartlett,
Shackleton and other great Arctic and Antarctic explorers who during the
past ten years have planned to use aircraft for exploration. He organized
the proposed Stefansson Aerial Relief Expedition in 1915 and participated
in the conferences of 1916 at which Admiral Peary, Captain Amundsen
and Captain Bartlett evolved the plans for Polar flights. In 1917 he
cooperated with Captain Bartlett in mapping the possible airways and
landing places for aircraft from New York to the North Pole, which
were made a matter of special study by Captain Bartlett in his trip to the
North in the summer of 1917. He cooperated with Peary and Bartlett in
formulating the plans for the projected Bartlett expedition; and in 1918
and 1921 discussed with Shackleton the possibility of and plans for flight
to the North Pole and South Pole. In 1922 he assisted Amundsen to
organize the Aviation section and to obtain scientific instruments for the
present Amundsen expedition
from such a dead calm that you can "hear"
your breath freeze and crack as vou
breathe on the deck of your ship, to a lashing,
roaring, sullen gale, driving clouds
of cutting, fine Arctic snow, Amundsen's
little ship, the Maud, is having her
first tussle with the mighty elements.
On her ability to escape the grip of the
Arctic ice depends the stupendous plans of

the Amundsen expedition—to drift across
the top of the world with the Arctic ice,
from a point near Wrangel Island, across
the North Pole, ending her adventure
four or five years hence when the pack ice
has finally drifted to the Greenland Sea.
There in breaking and melting in the
warmer waters and climate south of
Spitzbergen. the ice will release the
Maud, which will then be free to sail to
Norway, Amundsen's native land.
The Maud's specially designed round
keel, shaped like a half a walnut, is depended
upon to save the little 300-ton
schooner in this supreme test. Its safety
depends upon its being able to escape the
grip of the ice. Subjected to pressure it
will rise and escape destruction.
"I figured out that the possible way to
escape the grip of
the ice is to have
a round keel,"
Captain Amundsen
told me as we
discussed the
Maud's chances.
"You cannot build
a ship strong
enough to withstand
the pressure
of the ice.
You can only figure
a way of
building a ship
with a hull that
will escape the
ice's grip."
The annals of
Arctic and Antarctic
history
abound with accounts
of ships
that were crushed
by pack ice. The
tragedies that followed
the crushing
of De Long's
'Jeanette,' and of
the Stefansson-Bartlett ship—the "Karhtk"—stand
as warning to what may happen
to the vessel that ventures across the
Arctic dead line where the Maud is now
and will be for many months to come—if
it succeeds in escaping the crushing grasp
of Arctic ice.
As staunch a ship as Shackleton's
1914-16 expedition ship, the Endurance,
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 179
was crushed and sank when, while it was
icebound in the Antarctic ice, huge
mountains of ice reared up about it. It
was helpless against the crushing force
of icebergs weighing hundreds of thousands
of tons. It crumbled as a half eggshell
will at the slightest pressure of your
fingers.
The Maud—named after the Queen of
Norway, Amundsen's native land—is only
one hundred twenty feet long, built for
efficiency and economy in weight and
equipment, to minimize the factors of uncertainty
and reduce the weight of fuel
and supplies to be carried. The little
vessel went through the hard conditions
encountered by the Amundsen expedition
in making the Northwest Passage—
which no one had made before. Therefore
Loading Up the Maud in the Harbor of Seattle, Just Before the Start of the Five-
Year Trip Which, if Everything Goes as Planned, Will Carry the Little Ship Over
the North Pole
she has proved her ability to withstand
Arctic conditions.
The great test, which is scheduled to
last five years, has begun. But an equally
great test had to be faced before reaching
the neighborhood of Wrangel Island.
The Maud took it.
The Arctic ocean of ice, covering an area
larger than the United States, disinte-

180 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Captain Roald Amundsen, Discoverer of the South
Pole, Who Has Planned a New Means for Floating
over the North Pole
grates annually. Everywhere in the great
archipelago compassed by the Great
Arctic Circle and in the Bering Sea the
change of temperature, from frigid cold
to mild, causes the surface of the entire
Arctic ocean, even in the polar regions,
to crack. From October to June the Bering
Sea and the Arctic Ocean are a
solid ice mass, but from the latter
part of June to October this breaks
up into pack ice and icebergs which
drift northward with the current.
The mighty Yukon, one of the
world's largest rivers, and the
other rivers on the Alaskan and
Siberian sides of Bering Sea,
dump their pack ice into Bering
Sea and the mountains, especially
on the Siberian side, drop into it
huge icebergs from their glaciers
All this ice is carried northward by
the water current. At Bering
Strait, which may be likened to the
small end of a funnel with Bering
Sea forming the large end, great masses
of ice accumulate.
Woe to the ships that get caught in the
massing pack ice! Impounded thus
staunch whalers have been crushed like
frail eggshells. But the Maud, being especially
built to escape such disaster from
ice pressure, no matter how great the
force may be, escaped these first Arctic
traps.
The Maud successfully went through
the dangers of the Bering Sea and made
her way north as far as Wrangel Island,
where the second great test is taking
place. The huge field of ice in which
she is imprisoned is constantly cracking,
forming huge ice floes which constantly
drift apart, forming open leads, and then
come together again, moved by currents
or winds. In cold weather the leads are
soon frozen over, forming "young ice,"
dangerous to the explorer who tries to
walk over it, as he is likely to fall through
the thin layer.
Salt water freezes less readily, but once
frozen it is tougher and stands better than
the fresh-water ice and the explorer need
not be in constant fear of the entire ice
sheet cracking when a break occurs.
Captain Robert A. Bartlett, who was in
charge of the Karluk when she was
wrecked near Wrangel Island, describes
the respective actions of salt-water and
fresh-water ice as follows:
"A man breaking through fresh-water
ice usually cracks a wide surface, while
in the case of salt-water ice. the hole will
be just large enough to let him through.
Salt-water ice bends and buckles but will
still bear vou, while fresh-water ice of
Amundsen and Some of His Companions Stood at the South
Pole November 14. 1914
equal thickness will break at once and
leave you without a foothold, so that you
immediately fall through the hole thus
made into the water."
As the matter stands, the Amundsen

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 181
On June 3 the Maud Left Seattle for the Battle with the Ice of the Arctic
expedition consists of two separate, distinct,
complete units, as follows:
The Maud unit, in command of Captain
Oscar Wisting, and including Professor
H. U. Sverdru, in charge of the scientific
work of the expedition, G. Olonkin,
engineer and in charge of radio, N.
Syvertsen, engineer, Sergeant N. Dahl,
aviator, C. Hansen, general assistant, and
Cakot, a native.
The purpose of this unit is to realize a
gigantic project which has been the ambition
of the world's greatest explorers
to accomplish, by locking the ship in the
Arctic ice off Wrangel Island and slowly
drift with the ice across the top of the
world. While the ship is thus slowly drifting,
the scouting airplane on board will
be used to exploie the great Arctic unknown
as well as to gather meteorologic
data, while from the ship they take
scientific observations and soundings and
collect fauna and flora from the depths
of the Arctic Ocean.
The transpolar flight unit, consisting
of Captain Amundsen and Lieutenant
Omdal, equipped with the large metal airplane,
whose main purpose is to make the
pathfinding transpolar flight and, having
made this flight successfully, to join the
Maud next summer—or before, if it is
possible to get an airplane to fly into the
Great Arctic Circle before then. No ship
can negotiate the Arctic lines to permit
the Amundsen party to join the Maud
before next July. It can only be done byair.
From discussions and conferences I
had during the past ten years with
Admiral Peary, the discoverer of the
North Pole, Captain Amundsen, Sir
Ernest H. Shackleton and Captain Robert
A. Bartlett, I learned that it was the dream
of all these explorers to organize an expedition
equipped with airplanes and
radio, to do just what the present Amundsen
expedition aims to do.
I was present at and kept the records
of the conferences of 1916 when Peary,
Amundsen and Bartlett pooled their ideas
and decided to "divide" among themselves
the work of exploring the one
million square miles of unknown Arctic
regions, by organizing two expeditions
equipped with airplanes and radio. For
four years prior to that I had been associated
with Admiral Peary and had
worked with him in figuring out possible
transpolar airways.
At the December, 1916, conferences it
was decided that Amundsen and Bartlett
would start out at the same time, to attack

182 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Elizabeth Is an All-Metal Monoplane Equipped With Large Tanks, Holding Fuel for a Flight Across
the North Pole from Point Barrow, Alaska, to Spitzbergen. Left to Right—Captain Amundsen, John M.
Larsen, Maker of the Plane; Horace Gada, of the Norwegian Diplomatic Service; Lieutenant Dahl, Pilot
of the Plane
the unknown Arctic from different points.
But America's entry in the World War
upset the plans. The airplanes that were
to be used to attack the unknown Arctic
had to be used to train military aviators.
Captain Bartlett's superior training and
skill were employed by the U. S. Navy
and the U. S. Army Transport Service.
Then, in 1918, Amundsen started North
without either airplanes or radio for the
trip which resulted in his negotiating the
North East Passage, completing the circumnavigation
of the Arctic Archipelago.
The Stoutest Timbers Are Like Matches in the Grip
of the Ice. The Endurance Went Down After
She Was Crushed in the Pack.
When the present Amundsen expedition
was organized it was only planned to have
two scouting airplanes, as it did not appear
possible to secure airplanes large
enough to carry out the bigger plan—that
of making a transpolar pathfinding flight,
blazing the Arctic trail to be followed by
the Maud.
It was my good fortune to be asked by
Captain Amundsen to assist him, and
with the assistance of the Aerial League
of America (of which Admiral Peary
was president until the time of his death)
a large metal airplane was obtained—of
the type that had flown twenty-six hours
and sixteen minutes in Arctic weather,
last winter. Alterations were quickly
made to accommodate larger tankage in
order to carry fuel for a transpolar flight
of 1950 miles, and the airplane sailed
with the Maud on June 3, 1922.
No one has ever made a transpolar
flight: therefore, there are no tested plans
to go by. But Amundsen, who learned
to fly and secured an airplane pilot certificate
in 1914, decided to plan a flight
from Point Barrow—the northernmost
point of Alaska—across the North Pole
to Spitzbergen.
The flight must be undertaken before
the middle of September or be postponed
as the period of daylight ends and the
winter season sets in.*
*It was prearranged that if the transpolar flight did
not take place this summer, Captain Amundsen would
come to New York to lecture and arrange for additional
equipment and prepare for the flight early next
summer, after which he will fly to the "Maud" which
will then be half way to the Pole. Lieut. Fullerton is
not a regular member of the expedition and was only
engaged for a transpolar flight this summer. Recent
dispatches from Nome, Alaska, state that he is returning
to Canada, so it is probable that Captain Amundsen
will attempt his transpolar flight next year.

•
>x / W
- M /
\
9
TIU.
ARCTIC REGIONS
-1
© HENRY WOODHOUSE
The Heavy Line from Bering Strait Across
the North Pole Represents the Course
Amundsen Expects the Huge Mass of Polar
Ice, in Which the Maud is Locked, Will
Follow. The Heavy Lines Encircling the
Arctic Archipelago show the Route of the
"Northeast Passage" and the "Northwest
Passage," Resulting in Amundsen Being the
Only Explorer Who Has Gone Around the
Arctic Archipelago. The Black Points Show
Where He Wintered During the Expeditions.
Mr. Woodhouse Asked, "Will You
Please Mark the Distance that May Be
Covered Each Year by the Arctic Ice?"
Amundsen Dramatically Marked the Question
Mark on the Map and Answered, "No
One Knows."
Accordingly in the latter part of July,
as the Maud was ice-bound in Kotzebue
Sound, near the northern coast of Alaska,
north of Bering Strait, the airplane and
Amundsen, the Norwegian pilot Omdal
and the Canadian pilot Elmer L. Fullerton
were transferred to the American
schooner Holmes and taken to Point Barrow
to prepare for the transpolar flight,
while the Maud, with the other members
of the expedition, proceeded due north.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 183
From Point Barrow Captain Amundsen
can also fly to the rescue of the
Maud's crew if the ship should happen
to have the bad luck of being crushed by
the ice.
The greatest problem standing in the
way of success of the transpolar flight
may be considered solved. No longer
need Captain Amundsen worry over the
fact that the magnetic constants over and
beyond the North Pole are uncertain and

184 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Amundsen's Ship Maud Was Built Especially With
a Round Keel to Escape the Crushing Grip of the
Arctic Pack Ice
the compass may spin upon arriving" over
those unknown regions, as it does when
one loops the loop in an airplane, and may
mislead and cause the explorers to fly towards
Siberia instead of to Spitzbergen.
By using a radio compass, learning
from the experiences of the pilots of the
NC seaplanes and the dirigible R-34 on
their transatlantic flights, and taking advantage
of the great improvements made
recently in the radio direction finders,
Captain Amundsen may tune in with the
Stavanger (Norway) radio station as he
starts from Point Barrow and fly on
straight for Spitzbergen, guided by the
powerful radio calls flashed for him by
Stavanger three thousand miles away.
Amundsen began receiving radiograms
from Stavanger as soon as the Maud
entered the Bering Sea, therefore there
is no doubt regarding Stavanger's ability
to guide Amundsen's airplane on this
pioneer transpolar flight.
I discussed the possibility of using the
radio direction finder with Captain
Amundsen before his departure and gave
him a copy of the log and records of the
dirigible R-34 wliich had used radio in its
historic double trip across the Atlantic.
As I was the originator of the plan and
sent the invitation to and conducted the
negotiations with the British Government
which resulted in the R-34 being sent to
America, I was in a position to give him
the necessary information and to tell him
wherein the radio instruments of the NC
seaplanes had proved deficient in their
flights.
"They had to register what was happening
every minute instead of once a
day!" Captain Amundsen exclaimed, as
he read the log of the R-34.
He read on avidly and when I told him
I would include a copy of these records
in the box of books and instruments I was
sending to the Maud at Seattle, he asked
if he might take the R-34 records and a
special scientific instrument with him. to
study at his hotel and to test on the
memorable flight to Seattle—in which he
fell and escaped death by a miracle.
The decision to obtain an airplane
capable of making the transpolar flight
was reached at the last minute and there
was hardly time to consider anything else
as Amundsen found it necessarv to make
a quick trip to Norway to obtain additional
funds. He told me that he expected
to be able to secure a radio direction
finder, but this plan did not materialize.
Having found that there were three
special scientific instruments that would
revolutionize the work of the expedition.
on August 22 I sent Amundsen at Point
Barrow, Alaska, the following message:
"Three new scientific instruments
available will solve difficult problems and
revolutionize work of your expedition.
Unless conditions for transpolar flight
are absolutely ideal permit me to urge you
to postpone flight until next June and
come to test these instruments as soon as
you consider Maud safely locked in ice
pack and no longer necessitating your
standing in readiness to fly to its rescue.
Advantages afforded by these instruments
seem to greatly offset temporary disadvantages
of postponing transpolar flight.
The radio direction finder enables you to
tune in with the Stavanger radio station
as you start from Point Barrow, solving
problem of navigating airplane over and
beyond North Pole where magnetic constants
are uncertain.
"Examination of Bartlett photographs
of Wrangel Island show clear runwavs
suitable for airplane landing and takeoff.
(Continued on page 312)

WHO'S TO BLAME FOR DIVORCE?
By MARK H. REVELL
li^J' •"• '••*'
j* The official announcement that
*P divorces in Chicago last year
totaled approximately one fourth of
— the marriages, raises startling
questions in the minds of all
thoughtful people. Do these figures
indicate that the American public is abandoning the cornerstone of its
social life—marriage and the home? Is marriage—admitted by all to be the
very foundation of progress and liappiness in the life of any people—losing
ground among Americans? Is it being assaulted and overthrown by malign
influences in our social life? If so, what are these influences and what can
be done about them?
ILLUSTRATED WORLD commissioned Mr. Revcll to find the answer,
and we think he has found it. His views, as gathered from the people in
closest touch with the situation, are no mere skimming of the surface. They
are not a superficial array of "typical instances," with no more real information
given at the end than was offered at the beginning. In our opinion they
go to the -very roots of the problem, dig beneath the "incidentals" of grouchy
husbands and peevish wives—incidentals that we have always had with us,
and that have never produced such figures before—and find the underlying
cause, the basic answer to the question, "Why is divorce on the increase?"
Thev give an illuminating insight into the entire problem, and indicate the
only rational solution. Whether or not you agree with us, you cannot help
getting many stimulating ideas from Mr. Revell's analysis.—The Editor.
"TTN'TIL death do us part." So couples were divorced. Even with vari­
runs the vow—and so, until reous necessary allowances made, these
cently, ran the practice. It is figures indicate that roughly one out of
different now, as everyone knows. But every four marriages solemnized in Chi­
does everyone know how different it is? cago ends in divorce.
A few weeks ago the courts of Chi- Nor is this the worst of the story. These
ago announced statistics that have set courts handle only the cases which are
thoughtful people everywhere to wonder­ pushed to the point of divorce, or hearing
ing. The Superior and Circuit courts of for divorce, at least. Behind them stands
Cook County, which under Illinois law the Domestic Relations branch of the
hear the Chicago divorce cases, an­ Municipal Court, organized to handle less
nounced that in the year ending July 31. serious classes of cases. Through this
1922, 39,588 marriage licenses were is­ branch pours a tremendous grist of cases,
sued, and in that same period, 10,046 and of these, thanks to the work of the
185

186 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
court and its extrajudicial "conciliators."
many end in reconcilement rather than
going to the higher courts for divorce
hearing. If then we consider a marriage
"shaky" when it comes to the attention
of any court, and add the Municipal court
cases to those of the higher courts, what
sort of a situation have we?
Naturally, such a revelation brings
every pet formula and solution to the
front immediately. We hear men blamed,
and women. The war comes in prominently.
So do "high wages" and "low
wages," cabarets, apartment-house life,
movies, and magazines. Almost everything
you could name is blamed by someone
or other, and the problem is, "Which
of the guesses is right?"
The case against the man is quickly
made. The old saying, "man is naturally
polygamous by nature," starts it off.
"This polygamous tendency has been
curbed in past centuries by religion and
a healthy social sentiment against wickedness,"
the argument continues. "But
now the authority of religion is weakening
in many quarters, men are daring more
and more to give rein to their natural
tendencies, and marriage is steadily losing
sanctity in consequence." So runs the indictment
of the man.
There are others—fewer in proportion,
but many in total numbers—who look
rather to the women. Men, they admit,
are cantankerous creatures by nature.
But men have always been that way,
The Old Time Couples
May Have Been Unhappy,
But by the
Time Night Came
They Were Too Tired
from the Long Day's
Labor to Think About
It
they contend, and it has always been
woman's job to soften, subdue, and hold
her mate. In past centuries she has done
this, by providing a happy home, rearing
attractive children, and catering to the
whims and fancies of the "mere man."
The "new woman," they say, will no longer
do this. She expects the man to tame
himself ; and when he doesn't, the divorce
court gets another case. Thus the case
against the woman.
Finally comes the indictment of social
conditions. High living costs with their
consequences of wives working outside
the, home, and couples refusing to have
children, figure prominently. Many commentators
blame the motion pictures,
newspapers and magazines, with their
parading of unbridled luxury, loose morality,
and "high living" in general. The
whole social environment, according to
people who take this view, weighs against
the permanence and sanctity of marriage.
The trouble with all these views is
that they will not stand for a moment
when tested by comparison with actual
cases. If we blame the man, for instance,
we can think of many patient fellows who
have stood up under intolerable conditions
for years. If we blame the woman.
we can think offhand of cases where
women have exhibited a nobility under
persecution by some scoundrel, which
must be the equal of anything in the past.
And the "social conditions"" explanation
is the worst of all.

Modern Machinery
and Efficient Organization
Have Lessened
the Day's Labor, So
if a Couple Is Unhappy,
There is
Plenty of Time To
Realize It
We hear the furnished room and the
apartment hotel blamed for it all—and
we know many couples, living as happily
"as bugs in a rug" in such domiciles,
while couples in elegant homes come to
grief. We hear the "slackened morality
due to the war" offered in explanation;
but plenty of ex-soldiers and sailors are
living happily with their mates. And so
with high wages and low wages, drink
and prohibition, movies and lack of
amusement. The exceptions to any of
these rules are as numerous as the cases
that fit.
Still, things do not happen without
cause. If divorce is on the increase, there
must be a reason. Where, then in all this
maze of contradictions, is the explanation
to be found.
Suppose we abandon "arm-chair" philosophizing
for the moment, and consult
the experience of people in intimate daily
contact with the problem—such a person
as Mrs. Julia McGuire, who as "conciliator"
in Chicago's Domestic Relations
court has heard thousands of cases and
reconciled hundreds of them.
"Two great factors which bring cases
to us," in her judgment, "are first, lack of
acquaintance before marriage, and second,
the lack of a home or ambitions for
the future.
"Hundreds of cases come to us from
dance hall and amusement-park romances.
A man and a girl meet and enjoy each
other's company exceedingly. Half in
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 187
jest, perhaps, one says, 'Let's get married.'
They are both enthusiastic, heedless
of the future, and away they go to
some Gretna Green. Many a couple—
many more than most people imagine—
has become man and wife after an acquaintance
of less than forty-eight hours.
"Many of these marriages work out all
right. But many of them come either to
us or to the divorce court. Nothing else
could be expected. Too many of these
matches are hopeless from the start; there
is not a chance that the man and woman
concerned will get along together for any
length of time.
"The other class of cases starts off better,
but has no objective. After marriage,
the man and girl live in a boarding house
or in a furnished room or two. They
have no ambitions, no plans for the future.
When the novelty wears off, there is
nothing left.
"Marriage does not change the innate
human aversion to monotony. Excepting
people with strong intellectual interests in
common, if the end of the romantic period
does not find the man and girl interested
in plans for a home or family, there is
nothing to hold them together. With
their mutual life becoming monotonous,
they seek new interests elsewhere. Then
the divorce court gets another case.
"Is the man to blame, or the woman?
In my opinion, that amounts simply to
asking which one makes the break. The
situation is to blame; the question as to

188 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
which mate ends it turns largely upon
circumstance. It depends often upon
which one encounters the first temptation,
or which one has the more active temperament.
The real fault lies in the way the
marriage is contracted or conducted ; and
both are to blame for that, unless you
choose to blame a society which does not
train its young people better."
As usual with really experienced people,
Mrs. McGuire is cautious about generalizing.
She knows the facts about these
couples, and states them ; others are free
to draw what conclusions they please. But
we can get one conclusion, at least, from
a woman of similar broad experience—a
Chicago social worker, who, because she is
offering a tentative conclusion, perhaps
prematurely, prefers to remain nameless
in connection with it.
"I do not believe," she says, "that immorality
and selfishness are on the increase
among either men or women.
Moral conditions, bad as they may seem,
are no worse than they have been many
times in the past. The point is rather that
many of our young couples, instead of
taking the word of church or state for
what they do and should not do, are judging
the matter for themselves, and acting
upon their judgment. Being human and,
on the whole, woefully uninformed about
marriage and its problems, they make
many mistakes, just as they have always
done. But now. instead of suffering in
silence through fear of hell-fire or social
condemnation, they come to the courts
with their troubles. There is probably no
more marital unhappiness now than in the
past decades: but nowadays we hear
about it.
"Is the man to blame, or the woman?
Considering the individual cases, I should
say the responsibility is pretty evenly
divided. Considering the problem as a
whole, I should say that the cause of increased
divorce lies in the new freedom.
in the shaking off of authority and the
substitution of individual judgment."
Coupled with Airs. McGuire's views.
these views give us an illuminating in-.
sight into the entire problem. Neither of
these experienced workers, you will
notice, has any patience with sweeping
theories about men becoming more immoral,
women becoming less domestic and
the like. Taken together, they indicate
rather that the increase in divorce is a
phase of social evolution, an inevitable
consequence of developing human freedom.
As the social worker points out, men
and women feel more free now to shape
their life-relations as they see fit. Mrs.
McGuire's experience confirms this, and
points out that much of the trouble comes
from the fact that too many couples are
either too thoughtless or too uninformed
to exercise their new found freedom
wisely.
What is to be done about it ? We have
three choices. One is to attempt reviving
the old-time grip of authority. The
second is arbitrarily to tighten up divorce.
The third is to accept the present-day
freedom as an accomplished fact, and by
informing and guiding it to lead it into
healthier channels. Which is the right
road out ?
"The effort would be doomed to failure,"
says a Chicago sociologist, of the
first. "Freedom once gained is never relinquished
by the race. Religion, respect
for marriage, we can develop : but we can
never regain the old club these influences
once swung over the minds and hearts of
men. From now on. such influences must
win the voluntary consent of mankind :
they can never again command his blind
obedience."
Our first program, if he is right—and
his dictum rings true to all our racial experience—merges
into the third, the program
of education. But what of the
(Continued on page _ %)

(C) A£S0UAJ1'NE .LYPNS C.
At Present It Is a Daring Aviator Who Flies Close to Buildings, but Wait Until We Get Properly A-wing
THE LAND OF THE BROKEN
PINION By HOBART C. BENNETT
AMERICA loves a clean start; loves a-wing and we were fast working for
to build from the bottom up. And quantity production and the inevitable
isn't it fortunate we are in such a aerial flivver. In fact, in 1916 the thou­
mood today—for we have a delightful sand-dollar plane was already a reality
chance to do just that. We have been and all over the country wide-awake
cleaned out of everything aeronautical mechanics and flyers were experimenting
but the scrap from our pre-war and war­ with Ford engines in homemade planes.
time airplanes and we are certainly at the But apparently the war killed our appe­
bottom of the list of powerful nations in tite for flight. At any rate, one has to
all things a-wing.
admit that our great, widely heralded
If the man with the handicap fights "airplane drive" was no appetizer. Be­
best we should be a riot in the world of side that, the Mississippi Bubble was a
flight—once we get started. The steam­ marvel of accomplishment.
ship revolutionized travel by water; the Still, there is one thing that ought to
automobile revolutionized travel by land neutralize the bad taste left by that
and the airplane has revolutionized travel "drive." The war trained us fifty thou­
over land and sea—in Europe.
sand aviators—and among them are many
Six or seven years ago we were doing real aces. No need to worry about the
nicely with our airplanes. We were hold­ individual American flyer, he is as good
ing our own against the rest of the world as they make them. But as a nation—
—and a little more, too. We had many We—who did clip the Eagle's wings,
airplane factories; our sportsmen were anyway? You might ask that of our
189

190 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Giant Air Liner Taking
on Passengers at
Le Bourget, France,
Where Planes Arrive
and Depart Every
Day from and to
Brussels, London,
Bucharest and Other
Points on Scheduled
Commercial Trips.
This Is No Longer
a Novelty in Europe
—Rather It Is Becoming
a Necessity to
Save Time in Travel
thrifty, post-office-building politicians. Before the war almost half a hundred
But this is no time for charges or re­ manufacturers were turning out pleasure
criminations. What the real American and commercial planes. England had
asks now is, "Where do we stand and fewer airplane factories than we had.
where do we go from here ?"
The British government and the Ameri­
The first part of that question is not can government both took over the air­
hard to answer. We stand about twenty plane industry during the war. When
years behind any other first-class power in the shooting was over England put her
aerial navigation. The answer to the lat­ excess planes into commercial service,
ter part of that question depends upon created new commercial uses for planes,
the degree of our disposition to trail subsidized some of the military and com­
other nations. At our present rate of mercial plane manufacturers and guar­
travel we are not going anywhere. anteed all a market for their product.
The end of the war found the following Things were made different for our
nations possessed of the following number airplane makers, too. To begin with we
of efficient planes : Great Britain, 22,000 ; flooded the country with scrapped war
France, 20,000; Germany, 18,000 (Japan, planes—after admitting that said planes
unknown but estimated at approximately were unfit for war service. But our flyers
8,000); and the United States, about who had served in the big war were will­
three dozen.
ing to risk their lives with them, in spite
From January to October of 1918 the of their inefficiency. There was no way
Royal Air Force of Great Britain showed for the aviators to put these machines to
an output of 26,685 machines and 29,561 work. The government was not inter­
engines. In 1919 England added another ested in aviation. The independent maker
15.000 planes to her national total and of planes saw his market swept away
with her commercial airplane drive of through the public's lack of interest be­
1920 and 1921 reached a grand total, for cause of the great surplus of war planes
military, pleasure and commercial planes on hand.
of almost fifty thousand. Japan unoffi­ With no industry to furnish the power
cially announces that she will have ap­ for a great airplane drive, with the govproximately
25,000 planes for commercial ernment not only refusing to subsidize
and military service by the end of 1922. airplane making in this country but actu­
France is maintaining her own ratio. ally educating the public to "forget it",

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 191
Collapsible Wheels, Pontoons and a Hull Permit This Plane to Land or Take Off on Either Water or Land.
When America Gets Going, Planes of This Type Promise to Be Popular
with no commercial routes and no air
transportation we fell out of the race.
America had so many new problems to
solve immediately following the war that
we forgot about flying. And we just kept
right on forgetting it until a few months
ago we awoke suddenly to the realization
that in Europe there is regular passenger
and parcel service by air between practically
all the principal cities.
It was as if some nation had gone to
© UNDEBWOOD A tINCEIWCOO
The Small, Inexpensive "Flivverplane" May Some Day
Swarm the Air Boulevards as Thick as Their Land
Brothers Are Today
sleep twenty years ago and awoke to find
the motor car of 1922 in full bloom. It
is hard for the average American to realize,
even now, that airplane service is as
stable in Europe as motor-bus service is
in this country. The European thinks no
more of turning a four-day train journey
into a one-day airplane trip now than our
modern drummer thinks of hiring a car
to make his short jumps.
Here is a stranger fact yet. There are
many Americans who consider flying an
extremely hazardous undertaking—one
that gives you about a fifty-fifty break
for your life. Fokker touched on this
point when he was visiting in Chicago a
few months ago—and passed it over by
saying: "Of cotirse there are also those
people who are afraid to ride a trolley car
or use a telephone."
One of the aerial transportation companies
flying planes between Paris and
the cities of neighboring countries recently
reported a minor accident to one of
their star pilots, prefacing the announcement
with the fact that this pilot had
driven planes over two hundred and fifty
thousand miles for them with no other
accident of any kind. And one could
wear out a good many sets of cord tires
and encounter many a smash in motoring
two hundred and fifty thousand miles.
One accident to about every sixty-five
thousand miles flown is what one expert
estimates to be the average of the European
aerial transportation company. It
is doubtful if our railroads can show a
better average than that. Certainly our
motor travel cannot. But it is not fear
that has kept the American out of the air
—it is simply that the old Eagle has had
his wings clipped and has not taught his
offspring to fly.

192 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
This French Monster Four-Winged Hydroplane Shows How Europe Is Progressing with Her Aviation
Activities. In Comparison We Lag Behind
The average American simply does not
realize that it is not only possible, but
practical and even economical for him to
take a plane flight from Chicago to New
York in eight hours instead of spending
three times that long on the train. He
does not realize that San Francisco is
only twenty-four hours from New York,
traveling as the Europeans travel. He
does not dream of being able to go to bed
in a snowstorm in New York or Chicago
and waking up in tropical Florida the
next morning.
But it is practical—and if the Americans
do not do it themselves, foreign interests
will establish air routes across our
continent, will network our skies with
aerial routes paying revenue to foreign
enterprise. Already Fokker has proposed
erecting enormous airplane manufacturing
plants in Chicago. This great airplane
builder, the man who made Germany
supreme in the air until the Allied Armies
and Navies strangled her, says that Chicago
should be the center of the world's
aerial service, the home of the world's
greatest airplane and dirigible factories.
While in America, Fokker pointed out
that America should lead the world in
aviation because "America is the land of
great wealth, great distances and untiring
travel; the world's most mobile
nation."
Already some of America's greatest
business men are forming a tentative corporation
to undertake the perfection of
Fokker's plans and to make Chicago the
center of the world's aviation industry
and commerce. And these men represent
enough wealth to put the great development
over in a way that will far exceed
the layman's wildest imagining.
The country will be divided into zones
with a central radiating point, exactly as
are the railroads of the country. The
great railroad centers will, in many instances,
be the great aerial centers as well.
The air routes will not follow the course
laid out by the railroads, however, as
hills and rivers and lakes offer no obstacle
to the flying transport.
The tentative routes now outlined for
the planes of the transport department of
the proposed aerial corporation (this corporation
to both manufacture and operate
planes) are divided into two classes:
local and through. Small open planes
will he used for the local service, except
in bad weather, whereas fifty-passenger
flying cars will be used for the through
service.
The backbone of the local routes will
be composed of the following: Chicago
to Minneapolis, via Milwaukee ; Chicago
to St. Louis; St. Louis to Cincinnati; St.
(Coniiuucd on tag: 303)

W H A T about the World Series of
1922? Will the annual baseball
classic produce its usual number
of thrills ? Who will be the hero ? Who
will be the "goat?" What unexpected
features, given not the slightest consideration
in doping out the series, will determine
the result ?
Ball games of the big series are merely
ball games, played in the same way as the
YOU NEVER CAN
TELL WHAT'LL
HAPPEN IN A
WORLD SERIES
By BILLY EVANS
Umpire, American League
everyday contests, yet there is a glamour
to the final games that year after year
draws capacity crowds at fancy prices.
The series is a fitting climax to a strenuous
campaign of six months' play. It
brings together the pennant winning
teams of the two major leagues. It is the
final test. That is why it has color, why
baseball enthusiasts flock from all points
of the world to see it.
193

194 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The King of Swat Punching Out His First Circuit Clout of Last Year's Post-Season Scrap. Will
This Year's Series Be Full of Home Runs?
Will some of the much heralded stars ders" because of their supposed weakness
in the 1922 Series fail to deliver, as has at the bat, won the 1906 Championship,
often been the case in the past ? Will decisively defeating the Cubs.
some almost unknown recruit win favor Excellent pitching by Walsh, White
and fame overnight, as the result of his and Altrock played a big part in the
showing in the approaching baseball White Sox victory. The punch, how­
derby ?
ever, was contributed by a practically
It is a fact, as shown by the records unknown substitute, George Rohe,
of baseball, that the stars do not always pressed into the lineup at the eleventh
shine in the short series, which often hour because of an injury to one of the
finds a star in a slump and the series is veteran infielders. It was the timely bat­
over before he again recovers his stride. ting of Rohe. plus excellent pitching, that
Often the mediocre ball player shows to resulted in one of the biggest upsets in
greater advantage than the star. Delving baseball. Rohe was easily the hero of
into the records of past series reveals that clash, but his fame was shortlived,
some very interesting and unusual facts. as a year or two later he passed to the
These records offer concrete and con­ minors.
clusive evidence that the stars do not Winning three games in a short series
always shine.
of seven contests is an unusual feat. That
Going back to 1906, when the contest is what "Babe" Adams did in the 1909
was between the Chicago Cubs and series between Pittsburgh and Detroit,
White Sox. In the baseball world this of which he was the outstanding hero.
series is still referred to as the Civil War In figuring the chances of Pittsburg to
of the diamond. It was the first meeting defeat Detroit, few if any of the experts
between two clubs from the same city for gave Adams any serious consideration in
championship honors.
discussing the pitching strength of that
The Chicago Cubs, the National club. Adams to most of them was merely
League's pennant winner, was a pro­ a remote possibility.
hibitive favorite to win. Admittedly one Manager Fred Clarke of the Pitts­
of the greatest ball clubs in the history burg club was the one individual in base­
of the game, led by Manager Frank ball who realized the great ability of
Chance, known as the "Peerless Leader," Adams. When Clarke announced Adams
the Cubs seemed to be "in" before the as his pitcher for the opening game, he
play started. However, the Chicago jolted the baseball world. It has since
White Sox, known as the "Hitless Won­ been said that Clarke was forced to fall

ack on Adams because of the poor condition
of his veteran pitchers. Regardless
of that second guess, the work of
Adams in that now memorable series
justified the confidence of Clarke in making
him his opening game selection. It
was Adams' pitching that won the title
for Pittsburg. Otherwise Detroit would
have won in a canter. Little more than
a rookie at the close of the 1909 season,
Babe Adams was the most talked about
individual in baseball at the close of the
series.
Fame comes quickly in baseball and
departs with equal speed. The big thrill
of the 1911 games between the New
York Giants and Connie Mack's great
team, was Frank Baker of the Philadelphia
Athletics. During the season
Baker had not loomed up as one of the
stars.
Two home run drives by Baker turned
the tide of the 1911 event in favor of
Mack's team. Those two lusty wallops
won for the Athletic's third baseman the
title of "Home Run" Baker, and it has
clung to him ever since.
In one game, a home run off Pitcher
Marquard crushed the hopes of the
Giants. A couple were on the bases at
the time and Baker's drive broke up the
ball game. The other drive was at the
expense of the great Christy Mathewson.
"Matty" had pitched a remarkable game
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 195
for eight innings and went into the ninth
leading 1 to 0. With two strikes on
Baker and the game almost within his
grasp, a home run clout into the right
field stands at the Polo Grounds tied up
the game. The Athletics won out in
extra innings.
Other players have made home runs in
the post-season scrap without winning
any particular fame. Frank Baker goes
down into baseball history as a World
Series' hero, because his home runs were
timely, the deciding factors in the games
and series.
It isn't all hero stuff in the big series.
Often the goat plays a more important
part than any of the so-called heroes, in
determining the result. Take the 1912
contest, for instance, between the New
Snodgrass, of
the Giants,
Spent $30,000
When He
Muffed an
Easy Fly. He
Became a
"Goat"
A Pretty Steal of Home
and a Beautiful Catch
Such Plays as These During the Season Do Not Attract Much Attention. But When They Are Important
Factors in Winning a World Series' Game, They Make "Goats" and Heroes

196 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
York Giants and the Boston Red Sox.
Boston won three of the first four games,
only to have the Giants come back strong
and even up the event after it looked
like a walkaway for Boston.
Fred Snodgrass and his so-called
$30,000 muff was the goat of,the 1912
affair. Snodgrass, a mighty good ball
player, had come through in brilliant
fashion until the final game. He had
starred in the field and at bat he had hit
in timely fashion. Hardly a game passed
in which he failed to come in for his
share of praise.
In the ninth inning of the final game
with the Giants out in front, an ordinary
fly ball was hit to Snodgrass. The catching
of that fly ball would have meant
victory for the Giants and a matter of an
extra $30,000, the difference between the
winner and loser share. During the
course of the season and in the series,
Snodgrass had caught any number of
such fly balls without the slightest effort.
He muffed this one, and it paved the way
for a Boston victory.
Other outfielders have missed fly balls
in World Series' games. The next day
the miss would be forgotten, since it
played no part in the result. The muff
made by Snodgrass lives in the memory
of every baseball fan because it lost the
title for the Giants. This one unfortunate
error at a most inopportune time
caused Fred Snodgrass to qualify in the
"goat" class.
In 1914 the decidedly unexpected was
flashed. In that series the famous Philadelphia
team of Connie Mack's was arrayed
against the Boston Braves. A rank
outsider at the opening of the season, the
Braves, in a remarkable rush, came from
last place to first in the final stages of
the race and held the lead until the finish.
Prior to the start of that series someone
asked me what I thought about it. I
Two Extremes in Baseball History. Winning Three Games in the Series of 1905 Made a Name for
Mathewson and He Upheld It by His Subsequent Record. The Series of 1906 Won Fame for Rohe of the
White Sox, but He Couldn't Come Through After That and Went to the Minors a Year or Two Later

_*'

'T_v--_
*^&(-5#ri.,.
..'*« '_• • #^^*-a__x________i_*aj
j^SiJ^SSK ;i£jaft'&»^i^*feft &&.JI
"^•J.
New Life Preserver, Consisting
of Two Cylindrical
Metal Air Containers Covered
with a Soft Material,
Is Worn About the Neck
to Support the Person in
the Water. It Can Support
the Weight of Two
Persons So Is Considered
Extremely Safe for One
xi
x'i^
_*W5_>&_.
This Beautiful Scene Is the Work of Worms. They
Had Eaten into a Tree Which When Cut Presented
This Picture
ISSlig
Intent on Reading His Orders, the Engineer of a Fast
Train Failed to See a Stop Signal Near Sulphu
Springs, Missouri. The Train
Ploughed Right Through the Rear
End of a Local Stalled on the *
Track, Throwing Four Cars Down
a Fifty-Foot Embankment. Thirty-eight Lives Were Lost
and One Hundred and Thirty-seven Passengers Were
Injured
LESSEN
L*v5

A Full Coal Bin Is the Consumer's Best Heat Insurance
WILL YOU GET YOUR COAL THIS
WINTER?
You Lucky Ones Who Already Have About Ten Tons of Coal Parked in
Your Basement Don't Have to Worry About the Cold Winter Blasts.
But Those Who Must Still Stock Up Their Bins Will Be Interested
in This Review of the Coal Situation by Mr. Ballou, Former
Editor of a Leading Coal Magazine and Generally Recognized
as One of the Best Authorities on Coal Topics
By WALTER L. BALLOU
W I L L the householder get his usual
ten tons of coal this winter?
This question has been concerning
the politicians and newspapers for
some months now—only the householder
seems to show no concern at all. Anyone
who attempts to answer the question
honestly is forced to admit that there
are numerous factors of importance in
the coal situation this year which make
it hard to find a definite and satisfactory
basis for judgment—factors which are
very uncertain, but which have too strong
an influence to be overlooked.
If we turn to figures—and figures are
not always as reliable as their reputation
would lead us to believe—we find the
following facts:
On the first of April there were approximately
sixty million tons of coal
above ground. From the householder's
viewpoint, however, probably not more
than 5 per cent of the sixty million tons
was in the home basement, since at that
season of the year the domestic coal
stocks on hand are generally well depleted.
Another 10 or 15 per cent probably
was in the hands of the retailers,
but the bulk of the coal on hand was held
by steam coal users, such as industrial
plants, railroads and public utility power
stations.
The union miners have been on strike
just a little short of five months, and
although the Cleveland conference is the
first step toward a return to coal production
in the four states of greatest importance,
the end of the strike cannot.
for reasons stated later, recover all of
the tonnage lost during that period. The
199

200 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
After All, It Is Car Supply That Controls Coal
Production
annual production of the union bituminous
fields is, roughly, as follows:
Illinois .. 70,000.000 tons
Indiana 30,000,000 tons
Ohio 67,000,000 tons
Western Pennsylvania. . 80,000,000 tons
Total 247,000,000 tons
If coal production were divided equally
between the twelve months—which, unfortunately,
it is not—it is obvious that
more than one hundred million tons' production
has been lost as the result of the
strike. As a matter of fact, however,
were it not for other contributing factors,
it would be possible even yet for
the bulk of this lost production to be
regained in the remaining seven-month
period, granting immediate reopening of
the mines.
This is due largely to the fact that the
total production of the country is equal
to twice the potential consumption. We
Americans have so trained ourselves to
demand service at any cost, that it has
brought about in the coal industry an
overdevelopment sufficient to make it
possible to buy coal when we want it,
rather than to buy it evenly throughout
the year and store it against our need.
Not only do we householders demand
"prepared" or "sized" coal, which is but
a small percentage of the total output of
the mine, but we demand the privilege
of buying the bulk of our needs only
when Jack Frost has sent in his visiting
card and refused to accept the houseman's
word that we're not at home.
This demand for six- or eight-month
service has resulted not only in duplication
of mine requirements, but also in
inviting into the industry approximately
two hundred thousand miners who would
not be needed if we would apply a little
common sense to our coal-buying and
store during the summer months a portion
of our needs. The housewife likes
to have extra supplies of baking and
cooking needs on the pantry shelf, but
alas for her coal supply! The basement
is usually swept clean in spring to remain
so until cold weather returns.
It is this condition which underlies the
repeated disturbances within the industry
which culminate in strikes such as the
present one. The miners who work but
part time and the operators whose mines
produce but part time must meet expenses
even when demand does not call
for production, with the result that the
public, through its demand for instant
service, pays the bill. When the demand
falls too low, the producers are forced
to demand a wage cut, which the union,
being strong, will not accept, and a strike
follows. The strike wipes out the accumulated
coal reserve, prices rise, and
the strike ends.
During the present strike period, consumption
has averaged around eight million
tons weekly, with production from
nonunion fields ranging around five million
tons weekly, so that the needs of the
country have drawn on the sixty-millionton
reserve at a rate of three million tons
a week, or have consumed in the period
more than forty million tons. The railroad
strike has undoubtedly contributed
to extending the period of reserve since,
with train schedules interrupted, railroad
fuel consumption has fallen off.
The problem of the householder has
to do not so much with the production of
coal as a whole as with the production
of that small percentage wdiich comes
from the mines in lumps, or about 15
per cent of the entire output. The problem
is also further complicated by the
fact that in the East household fuel is
largely anthracite, and anthracite mines

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 201
Six Hundred Thousand Miners Have Not Carried Lunches to the Mines for Nearly Five Months
have been closed during the entire strike however. The railroad equipment has
period. Unless many in the East turn to been in bad repair for years, and the rail
bituminous coal as a household fuel there strike which is today in effect is making
is real likelihood of shortage during the it impossible for the railroads to make
first few months of winter, since the ca­ the needed repairs to their equipment.
pacity of anthracite mines is limited. Not only are coal cars few in number
Their total output does not exceed ninety and thousands of them needing thorough
million tons annually, and it is probable overhauling, but the motive power of the
that nothing like that tonnage can be railroads is woefully inadequate. One
mined during the next seven months. important coal carrier has been forced
The unconcern the public has shown even during the strike period to borrow
toward coal this summer is another factor engines from other lines to enable it to
of great importance. As a whole, the move its tonnage.
householder has ignored coal throughout The judgment of those who have
the summer. Prices have been high be­ studied the situation is that the country
cause of the discrepancy between non­ will be confronted with a marked car
union coal production and coal demand. shortage when the mines reopen. The
Consequently, retail dealers have hesi­ fall will see large grain and stock movetated
to stock their yards with this prodments which will place heavy burdens on
uct, fearing losses when union coal be­ the railroads, and with the effort of the
comes available. The retailer has learned producers to move in seven months a coal
that the public, unless it has paid for the tonnage which usually is transported in
coal and has it in the bin, will not carry twelve, the situation will become acute.
the cost of fuel protection after the need It is predicted that averaging the next
for that protection disappears.
seven months, coal producers will be
And now we come to the real difficulty fortunate to obtain only 60 per cent of
in the matter, for, after all, coal produc­ the needed car supply. Not only will this
tion is not a question of mine capacity hinder coal movements but it will also
and miners, but a question of railroad car increase the cost of coal production since
supply. Although it is true that six hun­ the idle time costs at the mines when cars
dred thousand miners have been on are not available for loading always
strike for more than four months, should mount high.
they return by September 1 and find a car The last factor which enters the com­
supply waiting sufficient to keep them plex situation is that of the government's
working steadily the remainder of the attitude. The government has shown a
year, no coal shortage would arise. determination to handle the distribution
The facts are much to the contrary, of coal on a basis of priority. History

202 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
These Two Pictures of a Coal Yard Graphically Illustrate How the Supply of Coal in Chicago Is Being
Rapidly Exhausted. Left—Taken April 1; Right, from Same Position on August 11
has proved that it is impossible for a
body sitting at Washington, D. C. to
successfully distribute the fuel requirements
of the nation. Not only are the
ordinary channels of car distribution disturbed
so that the car shortage which is
inevitable will be augmented by the disrupting
of ordinary routing, but the confusion
that will arise will cause two coal
shortages to grow where one grew
before.
The American people are a forgetful
people, but, when reminded, none will
fail to recall the heatless days and lightless
nights of the Garfield regime. We
may forget, however, that these contingencies
arose not only under war conditions
but after peace had been declared
—in fact, under conditions in many
respects similar to those that exist today.
The coal problems of the country are
largely local problems; conditions vary
from clay to day in the different localities
and only an all-wise superman gifted
with omniscience could satisfactorily adjust
daily coal distribution to these changing
conditions.
The upshot of the matter is that the
best insurance the householder can have
that his home will be warm during the
coming winter is a full coal bin. It is
possible, because of the disturbed conditions,
that some, from operator to retailer,
will take advantage of the situation
to charge high prices. This is inevitable.
To the householder who is concerned
with the necessity of keeping his family
warm, this added expense should be
treated in the light of insurance and an
insurance which, after all, will he cheap
since it is preventive in its effect rather
than substitutional.
After all, whether the householder gets
his ten tons of coal will depend largely
upon himself. If he "plays the market"
and gambles on the future, the possibility
is that in his hour of greatest fuel need
he will be without. On the other hand,
if a majority of householders in a given
community try to stock their entire
winter's requirements at one time, then
surely many in the community will go
without, since it will be impossible for
the retailer to get sufficient coal from the
mines to fuel his customers for a sixmonth
period in a few short weeks.
Those that have stored their coal early
in the year are indeed fortunate, for this
year it is literally true that a ton of coal
in the basement is worth twenty tons in
the mine. Those who have failed to do
so can assist in meeting the situation in
ordering coal by the load, and giving the
other fellow a chance to have a load, too.
Under such a plan, barring winter
weather conditions that land a knock-out
blow on the already bruised jaw of the
railroad system, you should even yet get
vour ten tons of coal.
Curious Uses for Glass
ATTENTION has more than once
been called to the proposed use of
glass brick in building. It is now said
that the government of Switzerland has
approved the use of glass for making
weights to be employed with balancescales.
A peculiarly tough kind of glass
is to be selected for this purpose. From
England comes the suggestion that glass
would be a better and more lasting material
than stone for making monuments
that are exposed to the wearing action of
the weather.

New Brunswick's Lure for Sportsmen
By EARLE W. G A G E
IN all its essential features the forest
fastness of New Brunswick is today
the same as it was in the dawn of
history. It is still the forest primeval.
For the toter of rod and gun, no rarer
spot exists on the American continent.
Here a kind and considerate nature has
left, all these centuries, a vast sanctuary
untouched by civilization.
Over the rampart hills and under the
sentinel stars are streams whose sources
are unknown; vast areas of timber land
that have never echoed the sound of the
woodsman's axe or the hunter's rifle;
lofty cataracts whose hoarse soliloquies
are seldom heard by human ear; beautiful
lakes that are still unnamed, whose
eternal stillness is broken only by the
rattle of the kingfisher, the leap of the
landlocked salmon, the uncanny laughter
of the loon, or the plunging stride of the
wading moose.
The voyager who seeks these hidden
shores will find a gentle, bounteous wilderness
"to whose ever-verdant antiquity
the Pyramids are young and Nineveh a
mushroom of yesterday."
Nature has richly dowered beautiful
New Brunswick, making it not only a
great agricultural and manufacturing
Isn't He a Wonderful Specimen? New Brunswick Holds Plenty
of Thrills for Those Who Like to Track the Big Game Out in the
Open
center, but also
a charming summer
playground
—an ideal land
of recreation.
The stranger
loves to linger
in this summer
dreamland, and
often finds himself
wishing
that the summer
season would
never end.
Owing to its
central iocation.
both from transportation
and
geographical Fiery Salmon Are Found
standpoint, New Brunswick's
waters
Abundantl v in
there is no more
convenient place of departure for the
fisherman or big-game hunter than
Fredericton. The city lies almost equidistant
from the great hunting region of
the Canaan and Salmon Rivers and that
of the Tobique and Miramichi. Between
the two and almost at its threshold is the
Cains River country, renowned for moose
and caribou. The sportsman may leave
Fredericton in the morning with
his guide and pitch his tent at
sunset on the hunting-grounds
of East Brook Plains. To reach
the upper waters of the Tobique
or of the northwest Miramichi
will require about three days'
travel.
Let us suppose that the hunter
yearns to shoot a moose, which
animal he has vainly sought, perchance,
for many moons in
Maine or Nova Scotia. He will,
if he wishes to hunt in the calling
season, need to start for the
scene of action not later than the
middle of September. The
earlier he starts the better his
chance will be. He will need to
bring his wearing apparel and
his rifle, which latter should be
no plaything, but a weapon that
will combine paralysis and pene-
203

204 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Calling the Moose in Miramichi
Country
t rat ion in a
marked degree.
Supplies
and provisions
for the trip
may be secured
locally.
By many
amateur
woodsmen the
caribou is esteemed
more
highly as a
game animal
than the
moose. The
great virgin
wilderness of
N e w Brunsw
i c k at the
present day is
a great caribou
paradise. If we may number the moose
in hundreds, the caribou may be reckoned
in thousands. They can be stalked with
considerable ease on a windy day, but
cannot be run down, no matter wdiat the
depth of snow, and so they escape the
butchery in the close season that too often
falls to the lot of the moose and deer.
The best caribou country may be said
to center about the open ground at the
headwaters of the northwest Miramichi,
Nepisiguit, North Pole, Portage Brook
and Big South Branch Nepisiguit.
There is also good caribou country on
the plains at the headwaters of the
Gaspereaux, north toward Cains River.
The same country stalked by caribou
is also the best bear ground. During the
great Miramichi fire the hillsides of much
of the upper country were swept bare;
and mingled with the tanglefoot and caribou
moss, there are great quantities
of blueberries. These and the beechnuts
are a favorite food of Old Bruin, and to
hunt him best, it is necessary that he be
seen from some distance. If there is a
good crop of berries on the hillsides and
few beechnuts, the chances for shots at
bear during August, September and October
are very good.
This bear hunting is hardy sport, since
the game is located by means of binoculars
and stalked with little or no shelter.
In many of the hills there is excellent
moose hunting, and the custom is to com­
bine bear hunting in the open by day
with the morning and evening hunting
by ponds or lakes for moose.
With the possible exception of the
Restigouche, the finest salmon river in
New Brunswick is the Tobique. The
angler may leave Andover in the morning
by team, and hook his salmon for supper;
or, by taking the railway to Plaster Rock,
he can reduce this record by several
hours. This beautiful mountain stream
has been so well protected of recent years
that the fish have become very abundant.
The adult Tobique salmon runs from 12
to 20 pounds, and is far more gamey
than the Restigouche fish.
The trout streams and lakes are innumerable,
and, with few exceptions,
open to all. When the sea trout are running,
excellent fishing is obtained at
Indiantown, on the southwest Miramichi,
which is reached in five hours from
Fredericton. Cains River, a noted
stream for trout, is reached by fifteen
miles of rail from Fredericton and a
portage of ten miles.
The most famous canoe trip in New
Brunswick is to pole up the Left Hand
Branch, or Little Tobique, to Nictau
This Big Fellow's Fine Spreading Antlers Measurt.
Seventy-seven Inches From Tip to Tip. Moose
Hunting Is a Great Sport if You Have Wonderful
Conhdence in Your Gun

Lake, portage to Bathurst Lakes, and run
the Nepisiguit River to the Mines; or
pole back from Indian Falls and run
the Tobique to the railroad. The trout
fishing during June, July, August and
September is excellent, fish being hooked
at pools on the upper Nepisiguit in excess
of three pounds.
Salmon is "made" fishing. Fortunately
New Brunswick has the essential gravelbed
streams where salmon spawn. The
best fishing is the result of stocking certain
streams with fry and then protecting
the salmon when they ascend from the
ocean. The Restigouche and its branches
are the most famous waters. Each year
the premium on fly-fishing for Atlantic
salmon is becoming greater. The finest
fish are simply r beyond price.
Despite the legend that once upon a
time they ran a dog to death and measuring
the distance called it "a Miramichi
mile," the "Murmashee" is a word to
conjure with in the annals of forest
travel. It is withal a hardy country that
has taken toll of those adventurers who
would cope with the temper of its
"drives"; a region of strong water; a
vast feeding-pond, gravel-bed, forestslope,
Princess Pine country that lures
one to further conquest and crowns with
a great content those who penetrate its
hinterland.
In the archives of one's memory are
associated impressions of men slow of
speech and adorned with bandless. black
Stetsons; rivers at eventide where brooks
gurgle and choke and islands of emerald
nestle into the afterglow.
Fredericton is the "stocking up" point,
and headquarters of the guides who hunt
or fish the Miramichi. As the place is
the home of a large canoe factory, a
famous moccasin factory, and the abiding
place of more than one native enthusiast
capable of furnishing minute details
as to certain captivating trips,
Fredericton is in more ways than one a
good starter.
From the early days of the French
occupation the great attraction of New
Brunswick has been the abundance of
wild animals, and it is still a veritable
game preserve although one of the first
sections of North America to be colonized.
The secret of this is found in the
retention of the forests, in the enactment
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 205
and enforcement
of wise game
laws, and in an
intelligent appreciation
on the
part of the people
of the value
of the game
interests as an
asset to the
country. No
section of
America, as a
result, is today
Answering the Call
more justly famous for the amount of
big game in its forests than is New
Brunswick.
He Built His House on Snow
COME exceedingly interesting observations
on the peculiar condition of
snow on the tops of lofty mountains have
been made in connection with the attempt
to found a meteorological and astronomical
station on the summit of one of the
Alpine peaks. It looked at one time as
though the undertaking would have to
be abandoned, because it was assumed
that a rock foundation for the proposed
building was indispensable, and the snow
proved to be so deep that the rock could
not be reached. But the scientist in
charge was not discouraged. He piled up
a little snow mountain and by means of
pressure brought the snow to the degree
of density possessed by that on the peak.
Then he erected a structure consisting
of leaden disks upon the snow, and
watched the extent to which its weight
caused it to sink. The sinking was so
slight that the scientist concluded that an
observatory building about thirty-three
feet long and sixteen feet wide—the desired
size—and weighing as much as two
thousand tons might be erected upon the
peak's snow without sinking more than
a few inches.
The foundation timbers were accordingly
sunk some distance below the ordinary
surface of the snow, and there it has
been found they remain substantially
without change of position. When any
sinking does occur, a system of jackscrews
enables the inmates of the station
to readjust its level.

Did You Ever Have to Use a Telephone Booth When the
Mercury in the Thermometer Was Trying to Set a New Altitude
Record? Uncomfortable Was No Fitting Name for Your Feelings.
This New, Small, Light Fan Relieves This Condition-
20fi
Professor Steinmetz, One of the World's
Greatest Electrical Geniuses, Was So Glad
to See Marconi, the Italian Wireless
Wizard, That He Forgot to Smoke His
Accustomed Cigar
A New Parisian Packing-House Device Has
Three Clover-Leaf-Like Blades Revolving
at 2,800 ..p.m.. That Will Take the Skin
from a Carcass in Less Than Five Minutes

NATURE'S ENCHANTED THEATER
A Graphic Description in Word and Picture of Bryce's Canyon in Utah, of
Which a Noted Writer Says: "In Vividness and Intimacy It Has
the Grand Canyon Lashed to the Foremast"
By TORRE WYMAN
•T, -"- _ I til U. iJfc-l ^
"Bringing Vividly Before the Mind Suggestions of the Work of Giant Hands Once Rearing Great
Temples, but Now Chained Up in a Spell of Enchantment While Their Structures Are Falling in
Ruins Through Centuries of Decay"
A S we turned southward through the
quaintly named Utah towns of
Nephi, Salina, Marysvale and
Panguitch, we wondered what the fuss
and scurry of the chipmunks along the
road might imply. They were tremendously
concerned, those chipmunks, and
we watched them spying our outfit from
rough boulders, crevices, and even from
the shelter of an occasional fence post.
Nor could we account for their jubilation
in the coolness of the green and
flowing Sevier river. It was only when
we had arrived at Bryce's Canyon that
we learned the reason for their merriment
—some mountain gossip had told them of
an enchanted theater filled with colored
figures, minarets, spires, towers, and
temples, so exquisitely wrought they
must be no other than the handiwork of
the "Fair God," Quetzal-coatl, legendary
deity of the Aztecs. Nor could he have
selected a more beautiful place, had he
searched all the country between the
Yellowstone and the Grand Canyon, and
had he included those in his search he
would have found Bryce's Canyon something
altogether different—a rare jeweled
arena so beautiful it prohibits comparison
and so entrancing words seem to become
rough, rumbling poetry when they are
arranged for its description.
The forest road creeps upward
through a red-walled canyon guarded by
tall erect pines, crosses a small creek, and
then along a more level stretch for miles
and miles affords a view of nothing but
purple vistas and great stretches of sage.
Before one is aware, a log cabin appears
; and so bewildering is the sudden
shift of scene that not even an awesome
"Oh" is uttered. For Bryce's Canyon is
not visible until the sagebrusher reaches
the very brink, and then he finds not so
much a canyon as a great amphitheater
where marionettes and figurines rest
207

208 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Figurines of a Thousand Colors and Shapes Set into the Southern
Wall of the Fanciful Canyon
upon thousands of shelves. It is dainty, toward
delicate, charming in the ecstasy of its
color and carving; it is cut into thousands
of fantastic shapes where one may
imagine scores of relics from classical
antiquity; it is an exhibition of fragile
colors—whites, yellows, pinks, and grays.
So minutely perfect seems every detail
that one can almost see the faint marks
of fairy chisels left when they deserted
their workshop, or perhaps grew so intoxicated
with the gorgeous beauty of
their own work they sought refuge in
harder and colder regions.
The air swims in a multitude of tints
swept upward by the rays of the sun
reflected from the standing columns,
prostrate spires, sagging pediments and
panels, all clustered into that arena
scarcely more than a half mile in width.
While the onlooker stands in amazement.
impervious to the words of those about
him, he seems to hear some sweet
subtle song, as though he were holding
a seance with departed spirits. Then as
his gaze is focused upon the projecting
ledge of pink and coral, shaded with
ocher and gray-white, the figures appear
to tilt and shift in a dance which
lets them remain upon their engraved
pedestals but permits
them the freedom of gracile
movement.
They are all actors and players
in the theater, and they dance in
the spotlight of the sun, changing
their dresses while it passes
tinder a cloud and then prancing
forward again with a newer
vigor and a more vivacious step
than ever. Or perhaps with
their gleaming suits they catch
the light and focus it upon some
one member, and then a new
glory begins—every crevice and
nook scintillates with a thousand
hues, glows until the radiance is
like the luster of a million candles
upon brazen images, gleams
among the gold and silver and
coral, and decks every statue
with the robes of mermaids such
as live in sea-shell palaces.
But turn from the entrancing
melody of the minarets and look
across the intervening country
to the distant horizon. There
the southeast lies the great
purple mound of Navajo Mountain, more
than eighty miles away. Over that vast
country the clouds spangle shadows as
though they would never cease coloring
the great mosaic of the landscape.
Within the single vision of the eye lies
an entire empire of over three thousand
square miles through which one may ride
toward the great bridges of the San
Juan, which is carved into valleys and
plateaus of green, pink, and white, and
finally is cut through the center by the
mad rushing torrent of the Colorado, already
heavy with mud and scraping its
walled sides to make the canyon still
more awful. But let the Colorado work
on—never will it carve such dainty things
as clasp hands in the proximity of
Bryce's ; never will it do aught but attract
by the superb grandeur of its enormous
chasm.
Tourists standing on the very brink of
the Grand Canyon say, "I like this because
I can't comprehend it; but I like
Bryce's Canyon because it is so delicately
beautiful." That is the difference and
it signifies only that the two rivals do not

allow comparison—both are too
strikingly original.
But to see Bryce's from the top
is one thing—to observe those
countless players from their very
midst, to converse with them, is
quite another. Take the ladder
which leads down through a
dark cavern and approach close
to the great masses—they are
soft, clayey material, moist and
damp, yet so crumbly one fears
a landslide when he stops to rest
below them. They rise to a
sheer height of two hundred feet,
and then bend over to weave
dizzily back and forth. They
will not fall, but one appreciates
more and more their delicacy
and gracefulness—they are tinted
even when viewed close at hand,
and the light still dances among
them until shadows are lost in
myriad reflections. They are
like people, large, and amazing,
yet pleasant and agreeable to
know. One wanders around
corners, climbs talus heaps, slides
down a crevice never knowing
what the next moment may reveal.
Tucked away out of sight are a half
dozen small natural bridges ; out in the
open evergreens cover the slopes, and a
few wild grapes spread about the ground.
To walk through those endless aisles is
to become entangled in a labyrinth and
then hurriedly seek relief by returning
to the starting point, which seems an
impossible task, but no one is lost.
There are a few rare places in the
Rockies where one may enjoy the eastern
sky at sunset as he can the western. One
of those places is Bryce's Canyon. When
the lavender rays spread their incensefilled
dust over the plateau and the pinetree
shadows become long stalking giants,
all the minarets and spired temples which
were so brilliant during the day, slowly
cool and relax from their desperate play.
They throw aside all vestments and stand
there in the clean pure white of their
evening draperies; they become so many
silent worshipers before an altar and on
their faces one sees the pale winsome
charm of inspired emotion. They face
the pink-tinted Acropolis in the distance
which is not beautiful until evening, but
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 209
Gargoyle Ridge Attracts with Another Fantasy of Wonderful
Carving and Exquisite Chrome Work
seems to have demanded from the sun
that last parting glance to deck itself with
a brilliance which shines through the blue
air and falls like a benediction upon the
silence of the canyon.
Among the worshipers shadows then
begin to fall and lengthen, and the picture
becomes one of clean whites and
pure purple blacks. Masses balance and
counterbalance each other until an artist
would grow wild with their intricacy of
arrangement. Blacks and whites only remain
but yet are alive and throb even in
the calm of repose.
A surf of clouds rises in the east to
catch the saffron and mauve and emerald
rays of the reflected sunlight. Below rest
the figurines, while part way across the
horizon stretches the Acropolis of vivid
pink, and above and around are the violet
rays turning all to white with their mysterious
touches. Then with the incense
of the pines comes a solemn music, lowchanting
voices fill the air, and after one
great burst of flame which fills east and
west with the smoky flare of a great fire,
the sun dips below the horizon and the
play in Bryce's Canyon ends for the day.

T
IE air in a room of medium size
may weigh half a ton, yet no one
notices it. A cubic foot of air
weighs six-hundredths of a pound under
normal conditions, but when pumped into
an automobile tire at seventy-five pounds
pressure it weighs five times as much as
before. Two men in a garage were disputing
as to whether or not the air in a
tire makes it heavier. They finally settled
the matter by weighing a 32x4 tire—
finding it to be about three ounces heavier
when pumped up to seventy-five pounds
pressure.
Air is more than eight hundred times
lighter than water, but the air pressure
over the surface of the earth is as much
as if the earth were covered to a depth
of thirty-four feet with water. This
amounts to a total of six million billion
tons. Distributed over the surface of
his body, a man of average size supports
twenty tons of air pressure, although the
The Force of the Wind Is the Same on the Slant
Roof of a House as It Is on the Side, Provided the
Projected Area at Right Angles to the Wind Is the
Same
210
Curious Facts About the Air
By ROGERS D. RUSK
'Jmijj"
Moisture in the Air Makes
the Air Lighter and Allows
the Heavier Smoke to Descend. This Usually
Portends a Coming Storm
pressure per square inch is only 14.7
pounds. This pressure is not felt because
it is the same inside the body as
outside. Even the blood and tissue cells
of the body contain air at the same pressure.
When a storm is approaching and
the external pressure decreases, these
cells puff up and if they press on the
nerve centers of a rheumatic individual,
they give uncomfortable warnings of the
weather.
We speak of the vacuum in an electric
lamp bulb, but a true vacuum is unattainable
and in the most highly evacuated
bulbs there are still one and a half billions
of molecules of gas per cubic inch.
This is, however, an almost negligibly
small number compared with the number
which has been removed. If every
molecule removed from a single cubic
inch of space could be magnified into a
grain of sand there would be enough to
fill a trench fifty miles wide and one foot
deep from New York to San Francisco.
Place a piece of coal on a photographic
plate in a room perfectly dark and in a
few hours mysterious radiations from the
coal will affect the plate and produce a
shadow picture. That these are not like
the rays from radium can be proved by
repeating the experiment in a vacuum.
The photographic plate will be unaffected
showing that in some way the presence
of the air was necessary for the effect to
be produced. As yet the nature of the
rays has not been fully explained.
Contrary to common opinion air is
lighter when water vapor is present in it
than when it is absent. The reason is
that water vapor is only five-eighths as
heavy as an equal volume of air, and the
heavier air is displaced by the lighter

water vapor. Thus when there is a large
amount of water vapor in the air and a
storm is brewing, the smoke from a
chimney may sink to the ground—not
because the air is heavier than usual, but
because it is actually lighter, allowing the
heavier smoke to sink. The air in the
average home in dry winter weather can
take up ten gallons of water in the form
of water vapor every day, and such moist
air supplies needed moisture to the body.
An object moving through the air experiences
the same opposing force as if
it were at rest and the air were blowing
past it at the same speed. This resistance
is small for low speeds. A thirty-milean-hour
wind exerts a force of five
pounds a square foot. One can stand in
such a wind with no great trouble. But
can one stand in a sixty-mile gale which
exerts a pressure of twenty pounds per
square foot? As the speed is doubled
the pressure is quadrupled so that at extremely
high speeds air becomes seemingly
more and more like a rigid solid.
A great scientist once said that if a body
could move fast enough the air would
seem as rigid as steel.
Air resists motion like water does by
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 211
both impact and friction. Bodies do not
slip through it but it "wets" their surfaces
and clings to them, causing friction.
In a sixty-mile gale the friction
alone on a square foot of smooth board
is half an ounce. On an airplane of large
surface this is an important quantity.
The direct impact force of air is the
same on a slant surface as on a perpendicular
one, provided the projected area
is the same. That means the wind pushes
just the same on the slant roof of a house,
Fig. 4, which is vertically as high again
as the first story, as it does on the side.
The extra surface of the roof counteracts
the effect of the slant.
Anything which flies must travel fast
enough so that the buoyant force of the
wind is as great or greater than the
weight of the object. A biplane with
large wing surface may fly at a speed of
forty miles an hour. A monoplane may
require sixty or more. An albatross carries
a weight of three pounds a square
foot and flies at a speed of thirty-five
miles an hour. A dragon-fly supports
six-hundredths of a pound a square foot
of wing surface and needs fly at a speed
of only one-sixth of a mile an hour.

Frank McGlynn, the Actor, Was Considered the Closest Living
Resemblance to Abraham Lincoln Until Judge Charles E. Bull,
of Reno, Nevada, Broke into Prominence. Judge Bull Is at
the Left and Frank McGlynn at the Right
Cock Fighting is Prohibited
by Law, So
This Man Has
Trained His Pet to
Fight with Humans.
George the Second
Puts His Boxing
Gloves Over #His
Spurs and Then Tears
into Any Man Who
Wants to Battle
johnny Weissmuller,
a Chicago
Youth Is Considered
the
World's Greatest
Swimmer
Remarkable Photograph
of the Operators and
the Spectators During
a Large Display of
Fireworks at Night

SIDE-SHOW FREAKS
as Seen by
SCIENCE
How the Fat Lady Stays Fat, the Thin
Man Thin and the "Blue Man" Blue
Along with Many Other Interesting
Facts Concerning Freaks Is Recounted
in the Following Article
By E. LESLIE GILLIAMS
HOW do they get that way, and why
can't they do something to relieve
themselves of their peculiar abnormalities
? you probably involuntarily
query as you view with astonishment
the freaks in the side-shows. The human
skeleton seems skinnier than ever before,
the fat woman seems, if anything, to have
grown even fatter and the "Blue Man"
bluer, while the alfalfa which sprouts
from the chin of the bearded lady would
keep a dozen sartorial experts at work
a week, so it seems, if she desired to be
shorn of it.
Both questions can be readily answered
by science. To the scientist there is no
such thing as a freak of nature. Nature
makes no mistake and performs no freakish
act. Although it is not always possible
to discover the cause, it is true that there
is a natural cause for everything that is
abnormal. The fat woman, if she desired,
might be made thin enough to attract no
unusual attention, while her skinny
brother of skeleton fame could also have
a few pounds of avoirdupois put on here
and there, if he cared to. But neither of
them do.
The flesh of the celebrated fat lady
and the lack of it on the bones of the
human skeleton are as essential to them
in the gaining of a livelihood as tools to
a mechanic, or a rifle to a hunter. The
fatter or thinner they are, as the case
may be, the more valuable are they as an
attraction and the larger their salary.
Although giants, as well as dwarfs.
were known in biblical times, it is only
within the last few years that a rational
theory for their excessive size or lack of
size has been formulated. It is less than
ten years that giantism and dwarfism
Jolly Trixie Weighs Six Hundred and Fifty Pounds.
John Bones Is Six Feet Three Inches Tall and
Weighs Fifty-eight Pounds
were proved to be due to abnormal activity
of certain organs in the brain called
pituitary glands.
Other glands, it has been proved, figure
in the making of other so-called human
freaks. Abnormality in the activity of
the thyroid gland, which is situated in the
front part of the throat, has been shown
by scientific demonstration to be the
fundamental reason for the excessive
obesity of the fat woman and the excessive
leanness of the skeleton man.
Science is now also able to explain the
peculiarities of the numerous other
freaks. Among the most interesting of
these later day freaks, for new ones are
thrust upon us every year, is Fred
Walters, "the Blue Man." Walters is
the victim of a disease of the heart which
occasionally is seen in infancy and which
is called "Blue Baby." As is generally
known, the heart is comprised of four
213

214 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
cavities, two auricles and two ventricles.
The blood enters the right auricle from
the veins and passes into the right
ventricle, then goes to the lungs to receive
a supply of oxygen. Next it returns
to the heart, passing into the left
auricle and then into the left ventricle,
from there out into the aorta, a large
artery, into the general circulation.
Before birth there is an opening in
the heart and part of the venous blood
passes directly from the right side of the
heart into the left side and then out into
the circulation. Immediately after birth
this opening is closed and all blood sent
through the veins to the heart goes first
to the lungs to be oxygenated before
going to the left side to be pumped into
the arteries. In unusual cases this opening
might fail to close after birth and
part of the venous blood, which is blue,
goes directly into the left auricle and
ventricle and into the general circulation.
The result is a blueness of the skin,
which disease is termed cyanosis.
(C) UNDFflWOOO . UNDERWOOD
Laurello, the Man with the Revolving Head. One of
the Few Freaks Who Really Puzzle Scientists
However, in such cases the baby usually
dies, as when the blood is not properly
oxygenated, it carries a quantity of
carbon dioxide through the body, and this
acts as a poison to the brain. In the blue
baby so much of the poison can be accumulated
in this way that the baby usually
dies within three days. When the
opening in the heart closes partly following
birth, the child may manage to survive
a few years, but not very often.
However, the case of Walters is unusual
in that his heart was perfectly
normal after birth. While serving in the
English army he was thrown from a
horse that stumbled and fell on his chest.
According to medical authorities who
have looked into this case, the foramen
ovale, as the heart opening is called, had
been reopened by the shock and injury
with the same ensuing results as are
found in a "blue baby" case. The opening,
however, is considered to be very
small and allows only a small amount of
venous blood to pass into the arterial
circulation.
In the same way as the peculiar nature
of this freak's skin can be explained, science
is ready to explain how all the other
so-called freaks are in reality extreme
types of various diseases.
According to Dr. John D. Horgan, of
New York, practically all of the freaks
are manifestations of some wheel in the
human machinery which is out of gear.
"In the human body," he said, "there
are any number of so-called ductless
glands which when abnormal in any way
would be apt to result in some peculiarity
of the human form. Early anatomists
knew all about the existence of these
ductless glands. As is known, the salivary
glands have ducts which carry the
saliva .to the mouth and the mammary
glands of the breasts have ducts which
carry the milk to the nipple. The thyroid
and thymus glands, which are situated in
the neck, the pituitary and the pineal
glands in the brain, as well as certain
other glands, however, have no such
ducts. Until recently it was not known
what these glands secrete or what their
purpose was. It was known, however,
that if the thyroid gland was taken from
a healthy animal it would die. If the
gland was only partly removed the animal
would become fat and lazy, while if

additional thyroid was added it would
become lean.
"The reason for this was shown by
further experimenting. The fat in the
body is oxidized and converted into heat.
Energy and activity stimulate the oxidation
of fat, and under activity the fat
in the body is used up. If excessive fat
has been consumed in food the amount
not used in ordinary activity is stored as
fat in various parts of the body. The
thyroid has a secretion which passes directly
into the blood vessels that pass
through the gland, and this secretion
stimulates the oxidation of fat.
"In a case wdiere there is more of this
secretion than is required to keep the
body at a normal fat standard, the fat
will waste more rapidly with the result
that the body will become thin.
"For instance, a circus living skeleton
-—one of the popular side-show freaks—
is a case of excessive thyroidism, the
physical condition being aggravated by
active exercise which helps to keep down
weight, and by non-fattening food. The
condition could be remedied, but the
human skeleton as a box-office attraction
would be finished, and his easy medium
to a livelihood would be done away with.
"No doubt you have seen Carrie Holt,
the circus fat lady who smiles so readily
as she toddles about. Miss Holt is suffering
from a condition just the opposite
from that of the human skeleton. In her
case there is insufficient thyroid secretion,
which may be due to excessive
secretion of some other gland or it may
be due to a small, inactive thyroid. The
weight of all fat freaks makes them inactive.
This inactivity not alone lessens
waste, but the oxidation of fat, which is
part of the chemical processes of waste
and repair, is lessened. Fat persons as a
rule have hearty appetites and like foods
which tend to make them fatter. If fat
enough to draw shekels at the gate in a
side-show, they take good care that they
do not lose their weight. They will not
take thyroid or other anti-fat remedies
and they will not exercise or ease up on
their eating, for they realize that the
abnormal fatness means larger salaries.
"The case of Ustus Macknow, the tallest
man in the world, who stands nearly
ten feet in his socks, can be explained
from the fact that he is suffering from
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 215
too much activity of the pituitary gland.
"This is a two-lobed gland on the outer
side of the brain, one of the lobes, the
anterior, controlling growth. In the
neck are the two large glands, the thy-
lCj U1PEP-W00D 4 UNDERWOOD
Left to Right: Jennie Lindsay, Height 3 Feet 2
Inches; Ludwig Schulden. 7 Feet 4 Inches Tall, and
Ernest Hoene, Weight 570 Pounds
roid which controls fat growth and the
thymus which controls bone growth.
After the third or fourth year the latter
gland begins to waste, and by the time
of puberty only a little connective tissue
is left, while its functions are taken over
by the other glands, mainly the pituitary.
When there is an abundance of pituitary
secretion during childhood, there will be
a rapid increase in growth, the child will
be large for its age and will grow up a
giant in size. If the secretion of this
particular gland is insufficient in quantity
during childhood, the growth is retarded,
which sums up the why and wherefore
of the giant and the midget.
"The midgets can be cured by treatment
with pituitary gland extract, but
lack of inches means more money so they
keep right on being small. The treatment,
while still in the experimental
stage, has been found successful in cases
(Continued on page 306)

216

OH! WHAT A HUBBUB WHEN THE
GONDOLIERS STRIKE
Americans Are at Present More or Less Inconvenienced by Several Big
Strikes, but Our Difficulties Are as Nothing Compared to Those Suffered
by the People of Venice When Its Gondoliers Recently
Went on Strike and the Entire Business of the City Was
Completely Tied Up
By JOHN W I L B U R J A M E S O N
A PARTY of American tourists re­
cently arrived, one warm evening,
at the railway station in Venice
desiring to take gondola taxis to their
hotels. Emerging on the canal embankment
and expecting to be greeted by the
gondoliers, they glanced over the gleaming
length of the water and saw no boats.
The travelers all asked the same question,
"Where are the gondolas?"
Nobody knew. Finally, an express
gondola approached under a convoy of
patrol boats. The visitors hailed it and
asked about the absence of the light and
graceful craft that usually swarmed
about the canals with their helmsmen
ever on the lookout for passengers.
Then came the startling news that the
gondoliers had suddenly gone on a strike
for the first time in the history of the
romantic city. No street-car or team­
ster's strike had ever tied up an American
city as thoroughly as had this action of
the gondoliers. Venice depends much
more on these men than does any American
city on its street-car system, its
trucking companies or its cabs. Not only
the trysting galleys were out of service,
but the boats that supplied the bread and
meat, that delivered the mail, that removed
the garbage, the ambulances,
taxicabs, messenger boats, delivery
wagons and every other craft upon which
the life of the city depends.
Fortunately, the strike lasted only a
few hours. The extreme importance of
an early settlement and the danger of
starvation to which the city was exposed
made every one concerned in the event
eager and ready to really make terms
when the representatives of the parties
came together to talk things over.
217

218 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Gondolas Sometimes House Oueer Activities, Showing How Much of the City's Business Is Really
Carried on with the Boats. This One Is a Pawn Shop
When the strike was declared off, a
grand impromptu carnival was held to
celebrate the event and within a few days
the streets were alive again with the
skimming craft. At the railroad stations
the canal taxicabs again thronged the
broad steps leading to the water, eagerly
seeking passengers.
Housewives no longer worried over the
week's provender, and families read their
delayed letters from their "figlia" and
"amici" in America and received circulars
and bills. The city soon forgot
about it and resumed its humming, thriving
life. There is no getting away from
the fact that Venice is a dream city
where life is light and grievances are
forgotten as easily as they are raised, just
as the storms which sometimes sweep
the lagoons blow over.
The average American who has never
visited Venice has the general impression
that the gondolas of the city are principally
useful for moonlight rides along
the canal and for love-making" under the
most romantic circumstances. But, as a
matter of fact, the use of the gondolas
for pleasure is but a minor employment
for the famous boats, as the whole city's
business is carried on by them.
Probably the greatest fame for the
gondolas as the property of romance
came when the famous opera. "The Tales
of Hoffman," was written and produced
in all large cities of the world. It is now
one of the most famous of the operas.
One of the scenes shows the adventures
of the hero, Hoffman, in Venice. Here,
with all the incitements of duels and
passionate loves, the gondola comes as a
significant note in the play. It first appears
when, after winning the fickle
heroine, Hoffman is shown with her reclining
in the booth of a gondola which
slowly passes across the stage to the
maddeningly sweet strains of the
"Barcarolle"—the boat song that alone
was enough to make the play a sensation.
In the last scene, as Hoffman storms
at the edge of the canal, the gondola
reappears and his rival is shown reclining
as he had done with the beautiful
head of the faithless one on his lap.
In this and other similar ways, it is
but natural that the gondolas became associated
in the minds of all with the
scenes and the happenings of the world
of passion and love and Venice has come
to mean the city where love remains a
sheer romance.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 219
A Typical Group of Venetian Gondoliers
Those who do not think of the gondolas
in connection with romance and
honeymooners remember that it was a
gondola which bore away the great adventurer,
Casanova, from the grim
prison of the Castle of Saint Mark, after
he had dropped from the Bridge of Sighs
onto the waiting craft below.
By most people it is overlooked that
Venice, being one of the largest cities of
swarming Italy, containing hundreds of
thousands of inhabitants and carrying on
more trade than almost any city on the
Mediterranean, has to treat romance as
one of the minor affairs of the city's daily
life. The concerns of business, the rush
and routine of everyday life and the performance
of undignified tasks and occupations
are as much a reality in Venice
as in any other city. The difference is
that instead of macadamized streets and
automobile thoroughfares there are water
routes, and instead of a great variety of
vehicles there is a corresponding variety
of boats.
As all the streets of Venice—even the
little alleys—are waterways and are a bit
too deep to be fordable, the city depends
entirely on its gondola system for its
transportation, although for long distances
the city has arranged for steam
water busses which make scheduled
stops. Against these, however, the
gondoliers raise a vigorous protest, because
these steamers, go they as slow as
possible, create an uncomfortable backwash.
Few of the larger homes are without
a boat of their own and, therefore,
private citizens join in the complaint with
the gondoliers against the steam boats.
According to authorities, there is no
craft that can go so smoothly and noiselessly
as a gondola propelled by a muscular
and skillful gondolier. Like the
Indian canoers who could take the boat
upstream without even the sound of the
drip from the paddles, so the gondoliers
can wield their oars in absolute silence.
For that reason, while other cities are
deafened by the grate and crunch of millions
of wheels and the clatter of hoofs
and the puff and screech of automobiles,
Venice, larger than many of them, pursues
its business noiselessly. In the
midst of heavy traffic the sound of people
speaking can be heard for many yards
and conversations are often carried on
by friends on opposite sides of the broad
canals.
So, despite all attempts at modern innovations,
the gondolas reign supreme as
they have ever since the founding of the
city many hundreds of years ago.
(Continued on page 298)

PAVING THE WAY FOR YOUR
SUCCESS
By WILLIAM FLEMING FRENCH
"/^\H. DUt y° u are no1: use d to the job
1 I yet—when you become more familiar
with it you will like it
much better."
And so another round peg was plugged
into a square hole; another human misfit
was created.
The well-intentioned, if sadly misinformed,
friend that gave this advice to
the young man who found no pleasure
in his work was merely voicing the sentiment
of yesterday: "Love your work,
no matter what it is."
Delicious sentiment, no doubt, but, unfortunately,
not practical. You cannot
love a work merely because you chanced
to draw it in the great hit-or-miss lottery
of job hunting. I know, for I have
undertaken work which I could not love,
and that I would not continue, if my life
depended upon it.
There are jobs in this country—hundreds
of them — that would prove unmitigated
misery to you personally. They
might be sheer, distilled joy to someone
else—perhaps to your brother, if you have
one—but they could never appeal to you,
and no effort or resolution on your part
could make you do anything but abhor
their every detail.
And then there are thousands of jobs
in which you simply would not fit—work
which might not be distasteful or irritating,
but in which you could feel no enthusiasm,
from which you could draw no
inspiration. And without inspiration and
enthusiasm there can be no real success.
You might plug along and remain rooted
to the pay roll—might even win steady
promotion and the confidence of your
employers—but beyond this you could
not go in a work for which you were not
suited.
The more progressive employers have
awakened to this fact and no longer urge
a no
worker to hold on until he develops an
affection him. more him. something than In If it fact, for else. does a work lukewarm they not, In want that other they is the interest words, suggest distasteful work they within to he stir try no to
longer attempt to whittle a man to fit a
job.
There are too many classes of work in
which you would find pleasure and inspiration
for you to waste time in a job
that affords you nothing but a pay check.
You know, of course, about your indelible
right to the "pursuit of happiness."
A job that offers nothing but a
pay check is a poor hunting ground for
the pursuit of happiness.
The great trouble is that to most of us
the sign "Help wanted" spells the door
to opportunity. Instead it may be the
signpost to failure. Success is not measured
by the amount of money you earn
but by happiness and accomplishment.
In nine hundred and ninety-nine times
out of a thousand, however, the big
money goes to the man who wins success
through the inspiration and pleasure he
gets from his work.
Bluntly, you have ten times the chance
for success in a work to which you are
suited than you have in a job that you
take and hold purely because of the salary
it carries.
So it pays to be careful in picking a
job—and to be quick to let go if you are
not suited to the work.
But one cannot go through life trying
one job after another, changing from
place to place like the old style "drifter."
True: that is exactly the proposition!
One cannot afford to waste the best producing
years of his life shifting from one
class of work to another. Nor can he
afford to lock himself in a rut that leads
to nowhere and that shuts him off from
real opportunities that await him. He
cannot afford to attempt to mold his natural
abilities and inclinations to a form
they will not fit.
To these two evils there is but one
alternative—to discover the class of work
for which you are suited before you
set enter for It sail what wdiich is permanent possible on port you the you are sea to employment; not are of "make modern naturally headed good" business. before equipped to at a know you job

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"Young Man, There Is a Work for You to Do. Find It! Accept Nothing Else. Once You Are in That
Work You Will Thrill with the Knowledge That You Were Made for It"
by inclination and mental qualifications
through sheer hard work—drudgery, in
fact. But that is not success — it is
simply hanging on, battling through. If
you knew what work you were naturally
fitted for, and then trained for that
special work, there would be no need for
you to be either a drifter or a drudge.
Instead you would pick the proper opening
and then climb.
The American business man realizes
this—and so does the American educator.
They realize something else, too; that
the profession or trade or work we at
first select as our ideal may be far from
that. In the past the practice has been
to get a job in the work you believe you
would like and then "hang on."
Three-fourths of the time the young
man who starts his life's career with
high ambitions and the inspiration to
plunge ahead becomes sadly disillusioned
as he learns the various details, requirements
and opportunities of his chosen
work.
"Of course," our fathers would have
said, "that is to be expected. The young­
ster has drawn a rosy picture of the hard,
working world; has colored it with romance,
adventure and the promise of
great rewards. Now he is due to come
down to earth and settle in the harness.
Work is work, and always will be, no
matter how bright you paint it. But
he'll get used to it and fit into his job."
But the business man of today knows
that is not true. He knows that the business
world, the working world, holds
every prize the youngster painted, and
more that were beyond his ken. And
they know, too, that he will find them,
once he locates his right niche.
One of these business men, the employment
expert for one of the world's
greatest business organizations, said to a
young man who had been tried out in
nine different departments of that business,
without success:
"John, there is a work for you to do.
Find it! Accept nothing else. Once you
are in that work you will thrill with the
knowledge that you were made for it.
"That work is not in this organization
—it is not in merchandising. I do not

222 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
want you to stay with us. Go out and
find your own work and I will hear of
you very soon.
"Take time to study different kinds of
work and different professions. Learn
the details concerning them. Do not attempt
to do that by working in them. Do
it by studying them from the outside—
by learning what requirements and qualities
each line of work requires, and what
opportunities it holds.
"This much I know about you. You
hate detail. You will never be a success
where detail is a part of your work. You
chafe under restraint and rules, and work
that involves mathematics is not for you.
You are irregular.
"Those qualities unfit you for our
work. On the other hand, you possess
unlimited initiative, you have a practical
imagination and are a clear reasoner.
These qualities will carry you far. In
what work I do not know. That is your
problem—to find the right work. But I
know I will hear of you later."
He did. That conversation took place
ten years ago. Today that unsuccessful
business employe is one of the largest
motion-picture producers in the country.
You, too, possess certain qualities, certain
peculiarities. They will unfit you
for many lines of work—and they will
fit you for several. But in one line of
work they will make you a leader. Find
that work and you have found your future.
After you have found the line of work
for which you are especially fitted you
must train yourself to perform it. And
in that very training, in educating yourself
to do that work, you will gain full
information concerning it, so that when
THE LAST SHACKLES OF THE WILDERNESS
The perfecting of wireless telephony and the hydroplane
banishes the ancient wilderness. Dwellers in
canyons and on mountainsides defy the solitude by
being able to keep in touch with the outside world
The wilderness, as men have always
known it, has passed forever, but it still rema.ns
brooding and beautiful (lower left). The mountains
are now less dangerous, because radio makes
it possible to summon help quickly

you are ready to enter the career of your
choice there will be no chance of finding
that it is not at all what you expected.
Realizing the great importance of including
in such an education full information
of every detail of the specified work
and the need for actual problems from
that business in order to season the
youngster to the work itself and eliminate
the chance of misfit, the educators
of America have created a new system of
teaching. It is a new system in that it
trains for a work through that work itself,
via what might be called the problem
project method. And in doing this
the great universities and schools of
America are paving the way to your success.
They are eliminating the chance of
your becoming a misfit. They are enabling
you to become thoroughly familiar
with vour work before vou enter
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 223
it. And, which is better news for you,
they are teaching by a method that permits
everyone, no matter what his circumstances
or his location, to get a practical
education: by the extension or correspondence
method.
In the days of Lincoln, location meant
everything. If you were remote from
the cities you were remote from opportunities,
from comforts and from a
chance for education and success. Lincoln
overcame these apparently insur-
. lountable obstacles of his time, but to
every man that overcame them a thousand
succumbed to them. The handicap
was ten to one against the man in the
rural and remote districts in those days.
But America does not intend that history
shall repeat itself, in that respect, at
least. She intends that the school will
come to you, no matter where you are. In
FALL BEFORE THE INGENUITY OF MANKIND
Trips which took the
Indians of old weeks to
make, they now make in
as many days with gas
boats. At right is
shown a flotilla of Indian
dug-outs being towed
across Simoon Sound in
British Columbia
A lonely lighthouse near tbe
Alaska coast (oval) hears
the broadcast of the world's
news and music as soon as
the crowds in the cities.
The hydroplane, too, has
eliminated wilderness distances.
Today such inland
"seascapes" as at right can
be enjoyed on a pleasure
boat equipped with radio

224 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
consequence hundreds of the universities
and colleges have installed extension
courses and have put field workers into
almost every community throughout the
entire country. And within another two
or three years they will be in every community,
in every county throughout the
United States. The duty of these field
workers is to seek out the ambitious
wherever they are, and show them how
they may secure an education in any line
they wish.
Side by side with the universities and
colleges work the private correspondence
schools. So great have become these ex:
tension schools that there is in America
today an enrollment of over half a million
correspondence students. There is no
industry, no business, no profession, no
trade in which the graduates of these
correspondence courses are not numbered.
Millions of Americans — thousands
of them business and professional
leaders—have been trained by correspondence
right in their own homes.
And yet the heads of these schools claim
they have just scratched the surface—in
spite of the fact that they are now teaching
seventy-six different subjects, or at
least they were when these investigations
were made (June, 1922), though they
have likely added a half dozen more
courses of study to their repertoire by
this time.
Because these schools realized that
their most successful students were those
who applied what they learned to their
everyday problems as fast as they learned
it, because they recognized the difference
between plain knowledge and applied
knowledge, and because they knew that
a theoretical education was merely a tool
and of value only as it was used, they
determined to develop a new type of education.
This education, they reasoned,
must be one that presented the actual
problems exactly as they occurred in the
performance of the work itself, that
taught the students how to solve these
problems and then carry on to the next
rung in the ladder of applied knowledge.
There were three reasons for developing
such a course of instruction: It
would present the problems exactly as
they appeared in the work itself, and in
the same order, thus allowing the student
already employed at such work to apply
each lesson as he learned it. It would
bring to the student all the problems and
conditions met in the actual work and
enable him to determine definitely and
conclusively as to whether or not he was
fitted for that particular class of work.
It guaranteed a practical education; one
that would fit a student to go to work at
the profession or trade for which he was
studying upon completion of the course.
In other words, they planned to teach
in a few months' time, by correspondence
and without interfering with the student's
regular activities, the lessons that he
would otherwise learn through years of
experience by working at the various
jobs required to train him for the same
goal. This, of course, meant the elimination
of the misfit—the doing away
with the process of drifting from one job
to another in an effort to find the right
work.
Naturally, to prepare such courses has
involved the employment of hundreds of
investigators, the full cooperation of
thousands of business men and employers
and the expenditure of years of time.
But it has been successful—it has paved
tlie way for your success. No more
rough roads to experience via the drudge
jobs that are so often labeled steppingstones
to the positions where you may
learn something that will help you toward
your final goal! No more long.
and often disastrous, detours in the form
of drifting from one misfit job to another
!
Instead, this form of instruction shows
you the highway, the paved highway, to
the work at which you will succeed. This
highway is not a golden and primrose
path along which you may coast without
effort to yourself. It is an uphill road,
and it means lots of hard, gruelling work
—but the way is clear, the highway is
plainly marked.
Perhaps you would like to know just
how this new method of instruction is
planned, and why those teaching it are
so sure it is absolutely practical and instantly
applicable.
What course would you like to consider?
Electrical Engineering. All
right—two schools have recently finished
preparing their courses on this subject.
And here is how one of them did it.
(Continued on page 302)

"PURI-PURI, NEW GUINEA
FASHION"
By MARVIN T. MOORE
In Mekeo District, Always the Hot Bed of "Puri-Puri," the Sorcerer Is the Most Puweriul Man in h_
Villages
IF ever you are called upon to cross
the five miles of water that lie between
Yule Island and the mainland
of British New Guinea you will patronize
the ferry owned by Tata Koa. There is
no other way.
The ferry is only a canoe of bamboo
with a log out-rigger and it is very, very
old and has a tendency to upset in a
rough sea and plunge you into an unexpected
bath. W'hereat, having grasped
it when it comes to the surface again,
you will help to right it to the accompaniment
of blood-curdling white man's
profanity which issues strangely from
Tata Koa's lips.
Between trips across Hall Sound, and
there may not be more than two or three
a week, you will find Tata Koa somewhere
on the beach, his withered
haunches resting upon his heels as he
tears palm leaves into strips and fashions
them into mats for which there is great
demand.
If, knowing Tata Koa well enough to
jibe, you inquire solicitously concerning
the sorcery business he will flash you a
beguiling smile from his almost toothless
mouth and into his aged, but undimmed
eyes -—• rather hypnotic and terrifying
when Tata Koa is angry—will come a
At One End of the Village, Usually Apart from the
Others, One Hut—the Sorcerer's Home—Is Given a '
Wide Berth by the Natives
22S

226 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Once, by Virtue of His Magic, Tata Koa Was Most Feared in
All His District; Today, Crushed by a White Man's Tricks, He
Is a Simple Ferryman
half-longing look which seems to bring
back pleasant memories.
"Master," he will reply in surprisingly
good English, "I am a ferryman, not a
sorcerer."
"How about the crocodile that turned
into a man and devoured people ? And
the pet snake that lived in the sea and
came at your call and bit whoever you
told it to bite?"
"Master," Tata Koa will protest,
though he will grin at the memories your
questions bring up, "they disappeared
when the white man came with puri-puri
that was greater than mine."
"Puri-puri" is the New Guinea name
for magic, sorcery, anything that the
native cannot explain. In his day Tata
Koa was one of its greatest exponents.
But he has reformed and thereby hangs
a tale.
New Guinea has not been governed by
the white man so very long—a trifle over
thirty years—and even today his control
extends only along the coast and a few—a
very few—miles inland. Beyond that, the
finger of civilization has touched the country
not at all. The native lives as his forefathers
before him lived in all their
savagery and cannibalism, and he bows
to but one master—the sorcerer.
He will not start on a hunt, or a mankilling
expedition, or plant his rude, loglittered
gardens in sweet potatoes and
sugar cane, or give a feast or do anything
else except eat, and breathe and sleep
without consulting the sorcerer—at the
sorcerer's own price. Wherefore if,
upon entering a native village,
you discover one man who
looks a little sleeker and better
fed, a little less muscular, a little
more arrogant than his fellows,
you will know he is the sorcerer
in that territory.
This is because to him comes
the finest produce of the gardens,
the fattest wallabies, and
the choicest bits of human flesh
roasted upon red-hot stones.
I le demands these things and
he gets them. Otherwise, he
will make puri-puri against
those who refuse him and that,
to a New Guinea native, is the
end of all things.
Tata Koa was like that once.
When the white man undertook to bring
the district where Tata Koa reigned supreme
under control—peaceably if possible,
by force if necessary—he bumped
into something.
From his father, his grandfather, his
greatgrandfather had been handed down
to Koa knowledge the non-sorcerers did
not possess. In their way these forefathers
of his had been students and
psychologists. They had discovered that
the w ? eather was the thing that made the
gardens flourish and the fish bite and
they were able, by watching the changes,
to predict whether the planting or the
fishing would succeed.
They had learned, too, that certain
herbs and plants will relieve certain ail-
A Mission Reared Native Toot No Chances—He
Carved His Name on a Sorcerer's Charm Against
Cocoanut Thieves

ments and that heat has medicinal value.
Also they possessed the dangerous
knowledge that the gall of a particular
fish, boiled in water, will stupefy and rob
a man of his senses; that almost invisible
slivers of bamboo will, if they penetrate
a man's stomach, pierce his intestines and
kill him; that if a man scratch himself
ever so slightly with a stick, the point of
which has been stuck for several days in
putrefying meat, death is inevitable.
But they resorted to these expedients
only when they could
not accomplish their purposes
otherwise. Hypnotism and mental
suggestion are regarded with
awe by most wdiite and civilized
peoples even now. How much
more so must it impress the
savage native of the New Guinea
jungles. As a man believes, so
he is, is just as true there as it
is with us and the sorcerer
knows that.
So Tata Koa. in his heydey, had only
to tell a man often enough that he was
going to die to make that man believe it
or that he was going to get well and he
would believe that, too. If death seemed
unduly delayed, the old sorcerer resorted
to poison, skillfully mixed in the victim's
food or his cocoanut milk. Tata Koa
believed in delivering the goods which
he had been hired to deliver.
He was quite a wanderer, too, Tata
Koa was. From the sorcerers of neighboring
districts, already awed by his
prowess, he extorted the secrets he did
not possess. From the medicine men of
Mekeo he learned the trick of using a
snake to kill a man. The snake, held
captive and starved until needed, was put
in an earthen pot with some article which
the intended victim had handled and
which bore his scent—a lock of his hair,
a discarded tapa cloth gee-string, a vine
wristlet he had worn. Under the pot a
slow fire was kindled and the reptile,
tortured by the heat, learned in time to
associate his suffering with that peculiar
and individual scent.
When Tata Koa released the snake
secretly in the hut of the doomed man.
it naturally was attracted by his scent
and, fearing further agony, proceeded to
bite him, usually with fatal results.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 227
Charlatans in all countries and all ages
have insisted upon some article handled
by their victims to be. The New Guinea
sorcerer does the same thing. So, lest
an enemy make magic against him, the
native very carefully refrains from
throwing away anything he wears or
Tata K oa's "Ferry" Is a Native Out-rigger Canoe with a Fondness
for Capsizing in Rough Water and Compelling Its Occupants
to Swim Until It Can Be Righted Again
touches in the sight of others. The bone
he has gnawed, the decorations he discards,
even the refuse from the betelnut
he chews is retained until, secretly in the
jungle, he may bury it. This habit was
most pronounced in the district ruled
by Tata Koa.
The old sorcerer was a clever mummer,
too. His chants and incantations,
his mysterious accessories, his secretive
comings and goings, his weird actions
when on a "case" gave him a widespread
reputation. Added to that he usually
claimed credit for having brought about
every accidental death, every fatality due
to snakes or crocodiles, every boil or sore
on a human body, every illness, every bit
of ill-fortune that struck his district.
Nor was he backward about attributing
the good fortune to his own efforts,
either.
It was a clever magistrate who put
Tata Koa to rout. He applied the
ancient system of fighting the devil with
fire. Finding himself balked by the
sorcerer at every turn, he passed the word
along that on a certain day the people, if
they assembled in the biggest village.
would see what the white man could do
in the way of "puri-puri." Curiosity lies
deep in a New Guinea native and few
were missing on the specified day.
Tata Koa sat in the front row of the

228 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Shells, Feathers and Plants Decorate the Prows of
Native Canoes as a Protection Against Storms and
to Insure Good Fishing
half-circle facing the white man. Upon
a stone the magistrate placed a bit of
gunpowder, apparently black dirt he had
scooped from the ground. He made a
great show of calling upon the sun to
help him, focused its rays upon the
powder through a magnifying glass
which the natives thought was a piece of
smooth white stone and produced a flash
of flame and smoke.
By the time the natives had gathered
together again, at a respectful distance
this time, he was ready to do another
trick. He was glad they were not close
lest they discover that the rifle he picked
up was not merely a stick. He pointed
it at a bird, called for thunder and lightning
(which promptly issued from the
end of the stick) and the bird dropped
dead at his feet.
Then came a third surprise. He
poured what looked like water, but really
was alcohol, in a shell and set it afire and
threatened to set the sea afire in the same
manner but was deterred by the howls
of anguish which greeted his words.
As a final stunt he exhibited a mouthful
of white and shining teeth. Then he
passed a handkerchief before his face,
and dropped his false molars into it. His
toothless gums caused a great deal of excitement,
but it was small compared to
the surprise wdiich followed his turning
of his back and slipping the plates back
into his mouth and again exhibiting a
full set of teeth.
"Now," cried the magistrate, "let Tata
Koa come forward and show his magic."
But Tata Koa was legging it for the
bush as fast as he could go. Eventually
homesickness for his village brought him
back, many weeks later, but his power
was broken. As a sorcerer he was done.
In time Tata Koa discovered the secret
of the magic which had dethroned him
and, being such a faker himself, he appreciated
the joke on him. By then,
however, he had given up "puri-puri"
for the job of ferryman.
Tata Koa, however, is an exception.
The sorcerer still is a power in New
Gwinea. Mostly he follows the same
path that Tata Koa trod, with variations
of his own. One sorcerer, after a period
of incarceration at Samarai, somehow
discovered the big radio station there and
grasped the idea that it enabled the white
man to talk to other while men far away,
out of sight and hearing. In his village
today you will find a miniature wireless
tower, a fearsome and intricate thing of
sticks and vines and whatnot, and hanging
from its top two long vines with huge
seashells at their ends. With these shells
clapped to his ears, the sorcerer maintains
he is able to hear what is being said
by anyone whose fear and respect he
wishes to gain.
Another has a glass bottle, salvaged
from the sea, to which he ascribes
potent powers. In his district the natives
hold what they call a bottle—a length of
hollowed bamboo fashioned in that shape
—in great reverence. A "bottle" may
be handed down for generations, gaining
"strength" with the years, and he whose
bottle is the "strongest" will have the best
hunting, the best gardens, the most successful
fishing and other good fortune.
Needless to say, the glass bottle of the
sorcerer leads them all.
So the superstition and ignorance of
the savage makes sorcery a lucrative
business. He buys charms for this and
that, he believes implicitly the words of
the maker of "puri-puri," he sees his
enemy die as the sorcerer he has hired
promises, he steps softly lest he incur the
magician's wrath and he pays tremendous
prices, according to his ideas, to protect
himself against the machinations of the
hired sorcerer of his enemies. But he
does not take matters into his own hands
—that is, not often.
(Continued on page 300)

RIDE 'EM, COWBOY!
A "Close-up" of Cheyenne During the Celebration When Men and
Women Cowpunchers Fight It Out with Unruly Steeds,
Bucking Bronchos and Wild Steers
By H A R O L D E. NICELY
AWILD and angry steer comes
tearing out from the corral. Two
intelligent fleet-footed cow ponies
with daring riders start out in pursuit.
They overtake the steer, one riding on
each side. Suddenly, at full gallop, a
cowboy reaches out, seizes the animal's
horns, slips from his saddle, and brings
the steer to a halt. Then there is a short
contest of man against beast which usually
results in the steer toppling over on
its side. The red flag of the judge is
lowered, and the timekeeper announces
the result. Bill}' Kingham of Cheyenne
has broken the world's record by three
full seconds, and established the phenomenal
time of nine and four-fifths seconds.
Imagine, if you will, a cowboy
overtaking a wild steer, leaving his saddle,
stopping the animal, and throwing
him in that time, and you will have some
conception of the super-human feats of
prowess wdiich were enacted at the
Twenty-sixth Annual Frontier Days
celebration, which was held recently at
Cheyenne, Wyoming.
But that is only one feature in this
typically Western exhibition. After a
Roman race, pony express race, mounted
wrestling, and U. S. Officers' steeplechase,
we begin to register real thrills
with the announcement that "Powder
River Thompson is about to ride Thunderbolt—watch
gate two."
"Here he comes!"
"Scratch him!"
"Ride 'er, Cowboy!"
• "Let 'er buck !"
Do you remember how the crowd
roared when Gilroy made that touchdown
in the Princeton-Harvard game
last fall? That's the way the Cheyenne
crowd roared when Thunderbolt was
turned out.
Another announcement—"Ernie Greene
is about to ride Backfire. Watch gate
three." Once again, the outlaw with its
plucky rider—once again those spine-jarring
plunges, whirls, crow-footed jumps
© ,. ,. »,,.L,C„
^t^
The Harder the Broncho Bucks the Better Some
Cowboys Seem to Like It
—once again that roar of applause from
the enthusiastic witnesses as Backfire is
mastered.
Another announcement—"Shorty Gideon
is about to ride Headlight. Watch
gate one!"
"Look at that bronk!"
"He'll never stick!"
"Scratch him, Cowboy!"
"He's pulling leather !"
The crowd roars its appreciation—then
a sudden hush. Shorty was "piled" on
the fourth jump, and his hundred and
sixty pounds were balanced temporarily
on his left ear, while Headlight, snorting
and tossing his head triumphantly
stampeded towards the other end of the
field. The performance is repeated
again and again until a score of riders
have either "stuck," "pulled leather," or
been "piled."
The next event is equally exciting, for
it is none other than the world's championship
cowgirls' bucking contest. Six
.20

230
Miss Mabel Strickland. Declared the World's Champion
Woman Rider at Cheyenne
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
trim ladies attired in unique and attractive
riding habits, with ornamented boots
and flashing spurs, smile gaily, carelessly
twist a quirt, and supervise the saddling
of "Dynamite," "Moonshine," "Nose
Dive," "Corkscrew," "Rocking Chair,"
and "Sky Rocket." Such bronchos ! But
the girls ask no quarter. They happily
and fearlessly accept the worst of the
outlawed horses and then ride!
One of the fair riders is a college graduate.
Another is a musician of ability.
They are young, trim, attractive girls
with rare courage. Mabel Strickland of
Fort Worth, Texas, won the hearts of
fifty thousand admiring spectators. Her
mount crashed into a fence, kicking and
bucking madly in a vain attempt to unseat
its rider, while the gallant girl
smiled her appreciation and waved her
five-gallon Stetson to the applauding
stands.
Then came the Cowboys' relay race.
Each entrant led three horses up to the
starting post, which he rode in succession,
resaddling at the end of each lap.
This was followed by a cowgirls' relay
race, where Mabel Strickland carried off
first honors in a dashing finish. Other
events of interest were the potato race,
Sioux Indian buck race, milking wild
cow race, steer roping contest, and
finally the wild horse race.
In this final race, fifteen plunging
blindfolded outlaws were driven, led, or
pushed into the track in front of the
stands. At the report of the starter's
gun, cowboys desperately endeavored to
saddle the snorting bronchos. Horses
and men seemed a jumbled mass of hoofs
and chaps, while the stands rocked with
the merriment of enthusiastic and amused
spectators. Finally one cowboy managed
to buckle his cinch and mounted. But
the bucking horse started on a stampede
in the wrong direction. Then another
mounted his steed, and off they went,
pitching, rearing, and whirling until they
came to the first turn in the oval track.
Here the horse refused to follow the
track, and crashed into a four-foot fence
—then stampeded over the prairie in the
direction of Ogden, Utah, with rescuers
in hot pursuit. Finally one rider, by petting,
coaxing, pleading, and spurring
managed to bring a bewildered and
frenzied horse around the track and
To See "Red" Sublett. the Clown, Ride a Pitching
Steer Means a Good Laugh
under the wire for first honors. Others
followed in order until three more had
completed the half-mile course, and the
gala day at Frontier Park came to an end.
Is that all? Just multiply this interesting
afternoon by four, and you will
have a grand total of the thrills of the

i' f.y_i
Q It:'«',••? v
* i.*.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 231
^'i- :;•

232
New Life-Saving
Drag That Does
Not Waste So
Much Time as the
Old Hook-and -
Line Method
Bees Haven't a Thing on H. C. Gore. Agricultural
Department Chemist, Who Has Found a Way to
Make Delicious Sweet-Potato Honey
To Get Large Images of Action From a Distance
a Lens with Great Focal Length Is Necessary.
This One Is World's Champion with a 32-Inch
Focal-Length Lens
Beautiful Summer Scene of the Balmaceda Glacier
in Chile, with the Great Blocks of Ice Standing
Erect Above the Surface of the Glacier

*8|__-V
One Ship Out of Every Two Hundred That Start on a Long Journey Is Either Reported Lost or She Is
Salvaged Under Trying Circumstances
Ships That Commit Suicide
By ROYAL O. R E G A N
W H E N you stand on Brooklyn
Bridge, New York, watching a
deeply laden freighter being
snaked down to sea behind a consort of
tugs, you picture her warping into Havre
or Rio Janeiro or Liverpool a few weeks
later. The captain wishes he could share
your optimism. One ship in every two
hundred that start on a long journey is
either reported lost or she is salvaged
under trying circumstances. This record
does not take into account the hazard of
war. Even on the Great Lakes, more
than three thousand accidents have been
recorded in the last ten years.
Modern science has helped tremendously
in making the sea safe; but it has
added danger in almost the same ratio by
devising highly dangerous cargoes.
Columbus had a small boat, but he did not
carry hand grenades. Magellan circumnavigated
the globe with ships that
would hardly pass inspection for river
duty now, but he did not have to carry
unslaked lime. Marquette dared the
treacherous waters of Lake Huron in a
canoe, but he was not carrying metallic
sodium.
It was a snarling sea that wound up
the career of the steamer Guillemot, of
London. A few nights before Christmas
in 1911, she was steaming down the Bay
of Biscay, laden as a good ship never
should be laden. Below decks a cargo
was stowed to her hatch covers. On the
forward deck, ninety barrels of tallow
and 123 drums of oil were lashed. In
the midst of the tallow and oil a spare
propeller wheel was cleated down. The
men who attended to its cleating were
quite sure it could not be shaken loose.
Perhaps they were longshoremen.
While the Guillemot waged battle with
the Bay of Biscay, the propeller wheel
broke loose from its fastening and started
off on a little voyage of its own. As the
Malays would say, it ran amuck. It
heaved across the deck as the bows
plunged, and smashed a barrel of tallow.
As the bows reared upward the wheel
was tossed as if it were a pebble, and
hurled against a cask of oil. The oil and
233

234
With the Cargoes That Some Boats Now Have to
Take on. There Are Many Ships Lost in Fires at Sea
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
tallow spilled over the planking, and the
deck became so slippery that the wheel
skidded and slid as if on ball bearings,
cracking open one barrel after another
of the greasy fluids.
The crew was ordered to capture the
runaway wheel. They answered heroically
enough ; but, one by one, they went
down, slipping and sprawling upon the
oily deck. By this time the devastatingwheel
had done serious harm to the vessel
herself. Hatch covers were cracked, and
the bows, dipping like a submarine under
the overload of cargo, shipped masses of
green water, which cascaded into the
hold. When the pumps were manned,
the valves were helplessly clogged with
tallow, and the Guillemot went to the
bottom, a tribute to careless commerce or,
let us say, an unfortunate specimen of
modern sea romance.
The foundering of the Guillemot typifies,
as clearly as any wreck of modern
times, the hazards of seafaring under the
rules that Neptune has laid down for the
steamers. Reefs, doldrums, and gales
have less terror for the "sea mechanic"
than an unlashed spare propeller on board
a ship.
Great Lakes freighters often get into
peculiar difficulties—difficulties that can
be laid at the feet of the god of commerce.
In the sheltered waters of Lake
Michigan more than three thousand accidents
occurred to ships in ten years.
Lake freighters are long and thin. Often
they break in half, due to stress of waves
and badly distributed cargo. Yet Great
Lakes freighters are not wrecked by
breaking in half nearly so often as they
are wrecked by a shifting cargo. The
cargo holds are huge iron tanks. In a
heavy sea "slippery cargoes," such as
flaxseed, often shift to port or starboard
as the vessel veers in changing her
course. A slow capsizing and a rush to
the life-boats are the usual consequences
in such an ordeal.
Consider also the lime-carriers of
Rockland, Maine. These ships are
manned by the hardiest seafarers to be
found on any coast. When a lime boat
springs a leak, or when bilge water finds
its way into a treacherous cargo, she goes
up in smoke. Unslaked lime starts a fire
that nothing can quench. Metallic
sodium is another cargo not very popular
with the men who go down to the sea
in ships.
The Marie Celeste gave us one of the
perpetual mysteries of the sea which read
something after this fashion: "She was
found deserted with all sails set, making
seaway in a zigzag manner, with her
wheel unlashed. Meat, freshly cut, reposed
alongside the skillet in the galley.
The log had disappeared. No records
were left. No trace of the crew was ever
found."
The old-fashioned dangers of the seas
still exist in some parts of the world.
Not without reason did Lloyds, before
the war, charge the highest sea-insurance
rates for ships that took the inland passage
to Skagway, Alaska. The inland,
or inland passage, is alive with submerged
pinnacle rocks. L T ntil recently
the charting of each pinnacle meant the
loss of a ship; for in no other way could
a pinnacle be discovered. The State of
California left the Gambier Bay cannery
dock in calm water, and four minutes
later struck a pinnacle and foundered.
This dangerous channel is now being
charted, and the most treacherous pinnacles
dynamited.
Gales and desert islands and pinnacle
rocks will continue to play some part in
the romance of the sea. But it seems
probable that the adventuresome tales
told by the mariner of the future will be
based more and more upon such incidents
as the runaway propeller wheel and
the cargo of sodium. From such commercialized
materials as these is the real
story of the sea being written in this
modern age.

HUNTING
MAN-EATERS
in INDIA
George W. Early
O N E of the most
thrilling and
dangerous of
big-game sports is
hunting down the
agile and fierce tiger
of India's jungle,
where abound those
giants of the cat
family, the Bengals.
These are the largest
and most admirable,
both in size and power, surpassing the
dreaded lion of the dark forests in fierce
cunning.
The tiger of India is both beautiful
and terrible. The maximum length, including
the tail,
is about eleven
feet, and the
larger animals
weigh about five
hundred pounds.
The animal attains
its full de­
velopment in the
jungles of India,
though it also
roams through
southern Siberia,
Turkestan,
Persia, Java, Sumatra,
China and
Japan, seeming to
thrive in a range
of climate from
sub-arctic to tropical.
The march of
the tiger through
the thick brushwood
of the
jungle is noiseless
and stealthy, and
H
Footprints in the Jungle
Sands Silently Tell That
Death Stalks Near
the great animals avoid rather than
court danger, though when pressed to
bay, no animal presents a fiercer front
than the tiger. For this reason, the tiger
hunt presents phases of pursuit and battle
unequaled, and the hunter who has
claimed his first tiger is, indeed, a member
of the elect.
So menacing become the tiger hordes
in the jungles of India and Indo-China
that at times it is necessary to carry on
a Royal tiger hunt. Whole areas often
have been permanently abandoned by a
terror-stricken population.
The tiger usually selects the neighborhood
of watercourses as its habitat,
springing upon animals or men that approach
for water, dragging the bodies to
a more retired spot to be devoured.
Where deer, antelopes, and wild hogs
are abundant, man and domestic animals
are comparatively safe, but otherwise the
tiger is ready enough to prey upon all
within his reach. Pressed by hunger or
enfeebled by age, thus incapable of dealing
with larger prey, such as buffaloes,
the tiger prowls about villages, and, having
once tasted human flesh, becomes a
man-eater of the worst type. Each year
more than one thousand people are killed
by tigers in India, mostly in Bengal,
-Madras, Central Provinces, Assam and
235

236 ILLUSTRAT • >RLD
Burma, and nearly thirty-five thousand
head of cattle fall victims.
It becomes necessary to marshal the
entire countryside to battle the tiger—
traps, pitfalls, spring guns and poisoned
arrows being used. However, the
orthodox method of reducing the tiger
population of a given area is to employ
natives to beat the bush while the game,
when started, is shot by the sportsmen
seated on elephants. This sport is not
only exciting, but exceedingly dangerous.
A wounded tiger has been known
to spring on an elephant and to inflict
serious wounds on driver and occupants
of the howdah, before it could be dispatched.
The safer and more common method is
to tether a live goat, or otherwise set a
bait in a place where a tiger may be
expected, then erect a platform on poles
or in a nearby tree, and await the animal's
approach on a night when moon
or stars shed light enough to enable the
watching hunters to shoot the prey.
Dr. J. F. Rock, agricultural explorer
of the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
while on a recent exploration of the
jungle regions of Burma in search of
cuttings and seed of the Chaulmoogra
tree, had a thrilling tiger hunt forced
upon ...m. This was near the village of
Kyokta, of the interior country.
"When we reached the stream bed, up
which we had come a few hours previously,
we found that a large tiger had followed
us into the jungle, for there were its
footprints so clear and distinct that I
stopped and photographed them," explained
Dr. Rock. "We had no arms
with us; only a camera and quantities of
seeds!
"We reached the village safely, and
planned to begin the return journey to
Mawlaik the next day; but we had reckoned
without the tiger. Two of my
coolies had a small rice field only a
quarter of a mile distant, in the jungle,
with a small hut in which their children
and womenfolk slept and guarded their
harvested grain. Instead of returning
Natives Thrust Twenty Poisoned Spears into the Savage Beast That Had Killed a Whole Family and the
Slayer Was No More
that evening to their hut, they remained
in the village, leaving their womenfolk
alone in the field.
"At six o'clock the next morning, as I
was about to start and the coolies were
ready to take their burdens, the tajee
(head-man) came to me with a very sad
face and still sadder story, saying that a
boy five years old had come from the
outlying paddy-field, reporting that his
mother had been killed by a tiger. The

poor youngster was himself badly injured,
showing the scars of five claws
on his back and his left lower limb badly
burned from a campfire into which the
tiger had hurled him.
"Great excitement ran through the village,"
continued Dr. Rock. "The temple
drums were beaten and the gongs
sounded an alarm. All the male villagers
armed themselves with spears and knives
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 237
we found was a trail of blood which led
into the forest. I had a litter of bamboo
constructed, on which the injured woman
was taken to the village, where I dressed
her wounds."
But what was to be done about the
The Last of the Man-Eating Jungle Tiger, Which Measured Eleven Feet from Head to Tail and Weighed
Five Hundred Pounds
and, marching ahead of them, I went to
the scene of a tragedy.
"A dreadful spectacle awaited me.
Into this lonesome place, wrested from
the jungle, the tiger came at dawn to do
its work of destruction. We found that,
owing to the cold night, the women, living
with the children, had constructed a
hut of paddy or rice straw directly on
the ground, with only one opening. In
this hut were three women, a two-yearold
girl, and the five-year-old boy. When
the tiger had entered the hut, there was
no escape. Short work was made of the
helpless victims.
"One woman, about twenty-five years
old, was lying about one hundred yards
from the hut, whither she had been
dragged by the brute, her face literally
bitten out and her neck severed. The
second woman was lying in the hut, a
formless, gory mass, and the third lay
in front of the hut, alive but with a
ghastly face wound, her whole left cheek
having been bitten out, exposing both
jaws.
"The little girl had disappeared. All
tiger? The party had no arms save an
automatic pistol, so it was decided that
the only method was to resort to a trap.
In describing this, Dr. Rock said:
"I shall never forget how the poor
husbands of the slain women worked on
that trap. One had lost all his family—
his wife, sister, and little daughter. The
whole village worked all the afternoon
constructing the trap, into which was
placed for bait the body of the woman
found in the field. She was separated
from the main trap by strong bamboo
stakes and her hands were tied with a
string which was fastened to the dropdoor
of the entrance.
"For safety the village priest invited me
to spend the night in the little wooden
temple at the feet of Buddha, but sleep
was unthinkable. It began to rain, the
thunder rolled, and weird lightning effects
added height to the somber monarchs
of the forest. Crash followed
crash and—what! listen!—the trampling
and trumpeting of elephants, wild cries
and shouts of confusion!
"I did not know until next morning

238 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
wdiat had happened. A herd of wild denly, and much sooner than I had ex­
elephants ventured to the outskirts of pected, there was the report of a rifle,
this doomed village and made short work and a loud shriek, and two more reports
of the flimsy houses and rice barns. Like in rapid succession, with loud and fright­
a cyclone, they swept over the place and, ened trumpetings from several elephants.
not satisfied with destroying the huts, "The latter I only heard vaguely, for
devoured the recently harvested rice. my own brute had started to bolt at the
The morning found the sky still weeping first shot and we were now careening
over all this tragedy.
madly through the jungle, the mahout's
"But the tiger had been caught, and endearing remarks entirely failing to
I was informed that the men were sitting allay my 'Gilli's' fears. After about one
around the trap waiting for me. I hur­ hundred yards the mahout fell off, and I,
ried to the scene, following the tiger's who knew as much about steering an
still visible imprints of the day before on elephant as I do about maneuvering a
the sandy banks of the stream. The Zeppelin, was left alone with this terrified
captured creature's rage was terrible to old female!
behold. Only a few minutes and the "The girth broke after a few more
brute was. no more, for twenty spears seconds and the howdah tumbled off, but
ended its savage existence."
I managed to hang on by the animal's
On opening the trap, Dr. Rock dis­ great flapping ears, and might have
covered that the animal had severed the stayed the course had not the brute
bamboo and devoured nearly all the body swerved aside with a frightened squeal,
of the woman, the few remains being whereupon I fell off sideways.
gathered and buried in a rice field. The "I landed on the ground with a bump.
natives carried the tiger on two bamboo and then I saw what it was that made
poles to the village.
the elephant turn," confided Capt. Evans.
Captain E. A. Evans, a British officer "A tiger sprang from the long grass five
attached to a native regiment in India, or six feet away and looked at me!
while on sick leave in the Rajput region, "I think we were both equally fright­
received an invitation to attend a native ened at first, but the tiger got over it
Royal tiger hunt, and was literally hurled quickly; he eyed me suspiciously for a
head-first into a most thrilling expe­ time, then started stalking me slowly
rience.
and quietly, after the manner of a cat
The shikaree or gamekeeper, takes a with a mouse. I began to back away, for
goat with opium injected into its body, I had lost my rifle and was unarmed.
and places it at the spot where it is de­ The movement apparently infuriated the
sired that His Highness shall bring off tiger: it leaped the remaining distance
his magnificent shot, taking care that no and bore me to the ground.
other tiger gets the bait. This continues "Then the beast stood over me, snarl­
day after day, the opium dose being ining, lashing its tail and breathing its
creased until the tiger, knowing that his foul breath into my face. It did not at­
meat supply is certain, no longer troubles tempt to maul me ; I do not suppose for
to kill for himself, and is so stupid from a moment it was a man-eater, for one
the effects of the drug that a child could thing, and it really did not seem to know
manage him. His coat becomes sleek quite what to do with me.
and shiny.
"After some time—it cannot have been
"The Royal elephant was headed di­ long, though it seemed an eternity to
rectly for the spot where the kill should me—the brute caught hold of my left
have come off," said Captain Evans. "The shoulder, and with its mouth full of coat
rest of us were more or less in line, with and shirt, began to drag me along the
intervals between. To me, on a working way we had come, where the bent grass
elephant that had never seen a tiger, was was already beginning
assigned the doubtful honor of bringing
up the extreme left wing.
"In the distance could be heard the
beating of gongs and the cries of the
slowdy advancing line of beaters. Sud­
- to straighten
again.
"All this time I could hear cries and
trumpetings and shots all around, but
felt too stunned to call out. The tiger
(Continued on page 304)

To Make Motor Trips Homelike
T H E motorist touring on the Pacific
Coast next year, or any time thereafter,
from Vancouver to San
Diego and from Reno to the Sunset Sea,
can discard afl his touring equipment except
a change of clothing, carry no food
By R A M O N J U R A D O
himself and his party into a furnished
apartment in which they can do their own
cooking, washing and ironing, or they
can dine at any hour of the day or night
in a cafeteria a few steps away, in the
same building. If they choose to "keep
kkpi**Sgfr
,1*^
- • • • • - ". -
y> JP ''•
i— tjt% ." „i
• _b ' ' ' ' .-' »X '"Mai k
i
^'% V
; -
( £• .___* _'•-_# a ftm
Architect's Plan for One of the Rodomes Now Being Erected. It Will Accommodate
Four Hundred and Twenty Persons and Ninety Automobiles at a Cost of One Dollar
a Night for Each Person
supplies, and only gasoline, oil and water
enough for a day's run. He can do this
with the absolute assurance that he will
find waiting for him each night firstclass
hotel accommodations, a garage to
which he and he alone has the key, and
an expert automobile mechanic to tell him
just what is the matter, if anything, with
his car or his motor, and a flat-rate repair
man to put the "Old Boat" in shape for
the next day's trip while the motorist is
asleep on a bed as comfortable as any in
his own home.
From day to day he will be able to
telephone ahead for reservations at these
road homes for automobile tourists, and
when he arrives at one of them he will be
supplied with free road maps, free and
accurate reports on all roads, and directions
to as well as descriptions of all the
interesting points in that section. He will
drive his car into a fire-proof, well-protected
garage and with the same key let
house," they will find waiting for them a
grocery store, a meat market and a delicatessen,
all under the same roof. There
also will be awaiting their arrival a
laundry which delivers its work six hours
from the time it gets the soiled clothing.
In the evening, the tourist will be entertained
by a camp-fire, with a powerful
radio receiving set giving him concerts,
lectures and songs from various broadcasting
stations. In the morning, when
he again takes up the thread of the nine
thousand miles of paved highway on the
Pacific Coast, he can obtain, in the same
building, any and all equipment or accessories
necessary to any make of automobile,
and he can fill his tanks with
gasoline, oil and water, this last being
free. During the night, while he sleeps,
he can have his car washed at a nominal
charge, or he can wash it himself with
free water and free use of the washing
rack, hose and other equipment.
239

240 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
_-___BH_Hn___a_HnBB_MH
Following Paved Roads Across Bridges and Through Lofty Mountains, the
Motorist Suddenly Comes Across a Rodome, Set on Some Beautiful Site,
and Ready for His Staying a Night or a i Month
For all of this, with the exception of
his food, oil, gasoline and such accessories
as he may wish, he will pay two
dollars if he is alone or has one companion
; three dollars if there are three or
four in the party, and four dollars if
there are five or six—that is to say, an
average rate of one dollar per person per
night. Private baths are included with
each apartment, with all linen for beds
and table, all kitchen and dining-room
china, silverware and cooking utensils.
The motorist and his wife or daughter or
sister or brother will find trained maids
and other attendants on duty night and
day.
There will be twenty of these roadside
homes for the motorist, extending
from the lower part of British Columbia
through Washington, Oregon, California,
the western part of Nevada, clear
to the Mexican boundary. Each will be
one day of comfortable driving from the
next, north or south, the greatest distance
between any two being two hundred
and four miles, the distance from
Redding to Oakland, in California, and
the shortest distance being ninetv-eight
miles, between Sacramento and Oakland.
They have been given the name of
Rodomes, a contraction of "Road
Homes," and construction has commenced
on the first one, at Sacramento.
Five of the twenty will accommodate
four hundred and twenty persons and
ninety automobiles,
while the remaining fifteen
will be half this
size. However, a plot
of four acres has been
obtained in each of the
twenty towns selected as
sites for the Rodomes
so as to have room for
the expansion of the
smaller units.
The five larger
Rodomes are to be located
in Seattle, Portland,
Sacramento, Oakland
and Los Angeles,
while the fifteen smaller
ones are to be in Vancouver,
B. C.; Ellensburg
and Spokane,
Washington ; Hood
River, Pendleton, Eugene
Oregon ; Reno, Nevada :
Merced, Monterey, San
and Medford,
and Redding,
Luis Obispo, Bakersfield, Santa Barbara
and San Diego, California. The first,
now under construction in Sacramento—
and, by the way, the first highway hotel
ever erected for
• VANCOUVER
\£\( -_.«
motorists, j ust
as this is the
* \~W*X 1 S K I H C T 0 N first project of
> i- j~ ^

each Rodome is placed at one hundred
thousand dollars, making the investment
in the chain exactly two million dollars.
The organization establishing these
Rodomes is composed of nine men from
the four states in which they are to be
located, and the capital stock has been
subscribed, so that the financing is completely
covered. In each city selected to
contain a Rodome, a separate company
to operate that "road home" has been
incorporated under the main corporation,
and each Rodome will have its own
manager and its own staff, independent,
except in transferring guests, making
reservations and similar connections.
from the other Rodomes. These cities,
and the civic and commercial organizations
in them, have given the project full
support, making them semi-public in
their character, and the organizations of
motorists and automo- ,
bile dealers in all four
states have backed the
Rodome idea with their
influence and with much
valuable advice as to locations
at points at
which travel over the
main highways has been
found heaviest.
The same design will
be used in the construction
of each Rodome.
Construction is of brick
and concrete with tile
roofs, as nearly fireproof-
as possible, and
one story in height. The
apartments, all under the
same continuous roof.
follow around the four
sides of a large square.
in the center of which
are placed the garages,
each locked and unlocked only with
the key to the corresponding apartment,
thus insuring every motorist his
own private garage so long as he is a
guest at the Rodome. The apartments
range from one room, bath and kitchenette,
for one or two persons, to four
rooms, including bath and kitchenette,
and accommodating up to six persons.
People traveling by motor stage also will
be accommodated, and the stages will
make these Rodomes points of call.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 241
There will be only one entrance to the
court, through a large, arched building
on the highway side, in which will be
located the offices of the company operating
that Rodome, a branch post office, a
telegraph office, a telephone station, a
grocery store and meat market, a delicatessen,
a cafeteria or restaurant, a
newsstand, and a hair-dresser's and
barber's shop. The organizers of the
system have decided not to operate a
repair shop in connection with the
Rodome, though there will be a complete
equipment store and service station inside
the square and adjacent to the garages.
Considering the facts that the rates
charged by hotels in most cities are so
excessive that many motorists who otherwise
would take their families on tour.
cannot afford them, and that the free
public automobile park or camp is a fail-
Crown Point, On the Borderland Between Washington and Oregon, is
Typical of th ! Beautiful Surroundings Picked for the Rodomes
ure in the opinion of most motorists, the
experiment of establishing these road
homes along the principal highways is
meeting with widespread approval on the
coast.
One thing is certain, if all present
plans are carried out as to their operation,
they will relieve motor touring through
the western mountains and along the
western sea from many of the difficulties
which the motorist has to overcome, and
often overload his car in so doing.

Understudies of Uncle Sam
Our Insular Possessions Are Developing into All-Round Americans. In
Proportion to Their Size They Prepare, Plant and Produce
Almost as Plentifully as Does the Mainland
SOMETIMES the geographical map is
an unsatisfactory guide to the agriculture
of a country. The tourist
who visits Alaska, perchance, dreams of
it as a land of fur coats and forty-horse-
Hawaii Sends
Great Quantities
of Pineapples to
the States
And C ocoanuts
Are Another Item
Which the Territories
Ship to the
Mainland
power furnaces. He finds it a country
where prosper most of the vegetable and
truck crops—except corn—that grow in
the United States. Alaska now raises
her domestic potato crop. From one
ounce of Siberian seed wheat imported
from Russia, an Alaskan wheat has been
developed that will mature under the
severe climatic conditions of this northland
possession and yield between twelve
and fifteen bushels to the acre.
At the Fairbanks Experiment Station,
Uncle Sam recently has harvested oat
crops that averaged as high as seventy
bushels to the acre. Barley not uncommonly
makes a fifty-bushel crop. The
242
By G H DAC Y
U. S. Department of Agriculture now
owns the only threshing machine in
Alaska and as yet there are no local flour
mills. Formerly, Alaska was dependent
on the mainland for food. Now she is
arriving at a condition
of practical
food independence.
Several years ago,
Uncle Sam distributed
more than fortytons
of free government
seed among
the natives and resi-
Porto Rico Provides Much of the Sugar for
This Country. This Island Exports More Than
$20,000,000 Worth of Sugar Each Year
dents of Alaska. This started the ball
rolling. Vegetable gardens and truck
crops' became popular. Never again will
Alaska be satisfied to revert to her
former condition of food-production
poverty.
At the Kodiak Experiment Station, the
government representatives are maintaining
successful herds of Holstein and
Galloway which aggregate one hundred
and seventy-five animals. Settlers who
raise plenty of grain are keeping a few
breeding hogs and paving the way for
the ultimate production of the local pork
supply. The native grass and hay provide
good grazing and forage for cattle

and sheep so that these live-stock activities
are getting started. In the Tanana
Valley country, potato crops as large as
three hundred and seventy-five bushels
to the acre are being harvested. The
settlers of the Matanuska Valley have
organized the first farmer's co-operative
association anywhere in the neighborhood
of the North Pole. Although the Department
of Agriculture has tested out
many varieties of corn which mature
under Minnesota, North Dakota, Washington
and Oregon conditions, none of
these northern corns will ripen in
An Alaskan Garden and Homestead Which Looks as
Though It Might Properly Belong Down Around the
Equator
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 243
Alaska. Most of the clovers and alfalfa
winterkill badly, but red clover produces
profitable hay crops when seeded as an
annual early in May.
A few years ago, Hawaii annually imported
more than ten million dollars'
Alaska Is Particularly Famous for Its Remarkable Rhubarb. The Northland Grows Enough
Good Rhubarb to Supply the Whole World
worth of foodstuffs from beef to beans
and from hay to herring. Like her sister
possessions — Guam, Porto Rico and
Alaska — Hawaii customarily relied on
the mainland for food. During the war
when shipping was curtailed seriously,
Hawaiians had to get busy and raise food
or starve. Now the country is able to
raise about two-thirds of the materials
used in the ordinary diet of the native
laborer. This three-piece ration consists
of beans, rice and codfish. Hawaii now
is producing more beans than she can
consume as well as several thousand
acres of rice annually. Approximately
five million cases of pineapples are
raised and canned for market each year,
the majority of the output going to the
United States. About all that the canners
leave is the space that the pineapples
occupied. Now even the pineapple
juice is bottled and sold as a beverage.
Hawaii and Porto Rico grow sweets
for the whole world. These two little
(Continued on page 306)

One of the First Steel Cars Ever Sent into the South Was Used by
General Hooker as His Headquarters During the Civil War and Was
Captured and Thrown into a River While with Sherman on His March
Through Georgia. It Was Hauled Out and Has Been a Real Railroad
Car Ever Since Until Recently When Its Cargo Suddenly Exploded
An Electrical Railway
Is Used to Transport
Steamers from the Inland
Lakes of Prussia
to the Sea. The Carriers
Run on the Rails
Below the Water in
Order to Pick Up the
Steamers
244
With a Huge Checkerboard
Painted on the
Street and with Each
Girl Having a Chicken
Tied to a Board,
Chicken Checkers "
Promises to Be a Popular
Game. When a
Player Is Jumped She
Loses Her Chicken
Claude Golden Says You Don't
Have to Be a Strong Man to
Tear a Whole Deck of Cards
in Half and Then into Quarters.
All You Have to Do Is
to Know How to Do It. Try
It and See How Easy It Is

Even the Mikado's Gift to Mrs. Taft—the Japanese
Flowering Cherry Trees—Harbored an Insect That
Is Already Costing Us Thousands of Dollars Every
Year
UNCLE SAM must have quite a
reputation in foreign lands as a
genial, good-natured, easy-mark.
Even the insects seem to expect him to
adopt and support them. And so far
they have been highly successful in securing
a good living and rearing big
families at Uncle Sam's expense.
Experts of the Department of Agriculture
tell us that the annual loss to American
agriculture caused by foreign insect
and plant disease pests runs well over
two billion dollars. And this does not include
our own numerous native families
of robust pests. Apparently we are contributing
so much to the support of these
visitors that one of these days we may be
put to it to feed and properly provide for
our own pest population. But that is
America's way. Always generous to a
fault.
And, it seems, we went out of our way
to invite these pests, too. A single trivial
importation of Japanese iris brought in
the Japanese beetle some six or seven
years ago. It \vas first found in New
Jersey in 1916 and since that time has
started on its westward march of conquest.
It is now found in several New
Invaders
Run Up Two
Dollar Board Bil
on Us Every Year
6^ O. M. Kile
Jersey counties and across the Delaware
River in Pennsylvania. It bids fair to
become a dangerous pest to small fruits.
cereal and forage crops, flower garden
plants, ornamental shrubs, shade and
timber trees.
An unnecessary shipment from Holland
of blue spruce, a native American
tree, established the gypsy moth in New
Jersey and from there it spread into
many other states before being discovered
and checked. It still persists as a
constant menace. The brown-tail moth
came in with roses—probably from Holland
or France. An earlier infestation
of the gypsy moth occurred in Massachusetts
through the carelessness of an
amateur entomologist who allowed some
imported specimens of this insect to escape.
This amateur's experiments have
cost the state of Massachusetts a good
man}' millions of dollars in trying to save
the shade trees of the cities—and the
gypsy moth is still with them.
We are enjoined not to look a gift
horse in the mouth. But it would have
A Successful Bug Hunt. One Method Used in Trying
to Check the Spread of the Japanese Beetle
been most fortunate had Mrs. Taft had
the Mikado's gift of flowering cherrytrees
carefully inspected before they
were admitted to this country during the
245

246 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Japanese Beetle Has Recently Settled Itself in the
Vicinity of Philadelphia and Eats Most Any Foliage
That Is Handy
Taft administration. When one views
the exquisitely beautiful Japanese cherry
trees in full bloom, bordering the tidal
basin in Washington, it is difficult to
associate them with the thought of
destruction and financial loss. Yet hundreds
of fruit growers in the vicinity of
Washington now suffer annual losses
amounting to many thousands of dollars
because of the Oriental fruit worm that
has spread from the few specimens concealed
somewhere in Mrs. Taft's gift
from the Mikado. This new insect is
most difficult to control and gives every
evidence of taking up permanent residence,
eventually, wdierever peaches,
cherries and plums are grown.
One of the first foreign pests to invade
this country came in during the Revolutionary
War. When King George's
hired Hessian troops brought over their
equipment, somewhere or other there was
included some wheat straw. And in this
straw was an insect—the Hessian fly—
the descendants of which now cost this
country in wheat losses nearly as much
every year as the cost of the entire Revolutionary
War.
And the discouraging feature of the situation
is that—as is true with so many of
these insects—there seems to be no
chance of ever getting rid of them. The
best we can do is to control the increase
and keep down the numbers to some sort
of livable proportions.
The San Jose scale was brought in
some forty years ago with a small shipment
of flowering peaches. It spread
gradually throughout the United States,
killing thousands of acres of peach,
apple, plum and citrus trees. In a number
of sections it completely killed out
thriving fruit-growing industries. Gradually
methods of control were developed,
but it costs us at least ten million dollars
every year in spraying expense and in
reduced output and value of fruit crops.
One of the most spectacular imported
scourges is the chestnut blight—a fungous
disease. This was introduced by
a small shipment of Oriental chestnut
trees. Half of the stand of chestnut trees
in America has already succumbed and
it is predicted that by 1940 a chestnut
tree will be a curiosity east of the Mississippi
River, unless disease resistant
varieties can be developed. New York
and Pennsylvania have already suffered
total destruction. The disease is now
spreading down the Appalachian Mountains
as far as North Carolina and Alabama
and westward over West Virginia.
The present chestnut timber crop is
valued at fifty-eight million dollars.
The well known cotton boll weevil is
here to stay. Its annual board bill is
estimated at two hundred million dollars,
with no prospect of a reduction. It came
across the Rio Grande from Mexico
about 1892. Each year it has moved
eastward and northward taking in countyafter
county and state after state until
now all of the cotton states excepting
only North Carolina are overrun by the
boll weevil. It is only a question of a
few more years until the cotton belt will
have been completely' covered by this pest
from Mexico.
And now, just when the cotton growei
has learned to adjust himself to the
Mexican boll weevil, another insect—the
pink boll worm — has made its appearance.
It was introduced from Mexico in
1916. Ten years earlier it was known
only in Egypt.
Probably the worst recent importation
is the European corn borer. This pest
Combating the Pests with Spraying Machine;
Our Country Considerable Every Yea

seriously threatens the country's corn
crop. In Europe it has long been recognized
as a most serious pest. In France
and Hungary it frequently destroys from
one-half to one-fourth of the corn, millet,
hops, and hemp crops.
This destructor was first discovered
in the United States in 1917. It had
probably been here for several years
prior to that time. It is supposed to have
been brought in wdth raw hemp imported
from Europe for use in cordage factories
along the Mystic River near Boston. It
now infests an area of 320 square miles
in that vicinity. A second infestation was
found in 1919 near Schenectady, New
York, where it was presumably introduced
in bales of broom corn imported
from Austria.
The corn-borer larvae tunnel all parts
of the corn plant and almost totally destroy
the stalks and ears. Our entomologists
have but little hope of getting rid
of this pest. The best they can do is to
keep it under partial control and prevent
its rapid spread. Congress got so stirred
up over this pest two years ago that a
special appropriation of half a million
dollars was voted to fight it. IThe New
England states and New York were
placed under quarantine and no corn
could be shipped out without specially
granted permits. \
Just as for many years we allowed entrance
to anyone and everyone who chose
to come to our shores, so until recently we
had no restrictions against importations
of plants and their attendant insects and
diseases. During the four years 1909-
1912, during which efforts were being
made to secure plant quarantine laws
here, the Oriental fruit worm, the Japanese
beetle, the European corn borer,
citrus canker, potato wart disease, and
we know not how many other pests, came
in. So far as is known no important pest
has become established here since the
passage of the quarantine act.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 247
The Hessian Fly Was
Brou.ht in by Hessian
Soldiers During
the Revolutionary War
and Causes More
Loss to the Wheat
Crop Every Year
Than the Entire Cost
of the Revolutionary
War
The Oriental Fruit Worm Tunnels Through the Tender
Wood of Young Fruit Trees
Europe has no problem like that of the
United States in the matter of pest importations.
The wide range of climate
in the United States is a big factor
against us. Pests from almost any part
of the world can find some congenial
place within our borders. Then, too,
many pests and diseases apparently harmless
in their native homes develop into
serious scourges when they come to the
Lnited States. In Japan the citrus
canker was hardly recognized. Once
introduced into the United States, however,
it spread rapidly and threatened to
wipe out the whole citrus industry with
its depredations.
Many of the insects have natural enemies
abroad that keep them in check, but
when introduced here their natural enemies
being absent they multiply rapidly.
Sometimes we have to go to their former
homes and import the natural enemies to
help us carry on the fight for control.
This was the way one of our species of
"lady-bug" came to the United States.
The Australian lady-bird beetle was
brought in to eat the eggs of the cottony
cushion scale which was causing great
destruction among citrus fruits. It

248 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
proved a great aid in controlling this
insect pest.
It is interesting, though quite fruitless,
to speculate upon the amount of food we
would be able to add to our present
supply if we had not allowed these foreign
invaders to come in. |Some progress
is being made in the use of poison gases
Thousands of Acres of Orchards Throughout the Land
Have Been Ruined by San Jose Scale. In Some Cases
the Trees Are Saved by Cutting Back the Limbs and
Spraying with Lime-Sulphur
for control on a large scale, but it looks
now as though we would have to board
and lodge these pests forever^
Troubles of Deep-Sea Divers
Q X E of the problems with which in-
^•^ ventors have long been struggling is
that presented by diving in deep water.
In general terms, water pressure may be
reckoned as Ay2 pounds per square inch
for each ten feet in depth; and after
passing a depth of one hundred feet, it
very rapidly becomes impossible for a
man in an ordinary diving suit to put
forth any considerable effort. Previous
to the exploits of the F-4, the greatest
depth at which effective work had been
recorded was 182 feet; and this was a
truly extraordinary performance.
The many inventors wdio have tried to
design a diving costume for use at abnormal
depths have realized that the
"joker" lies in the necessity for furnishing
the diver with means of motion. It
is a simple enough matter to encase a
man in a suit of steel armor sufficiently
stout to resist the pressure at any given
depth ; ability to grasp a tool is readily
enough secured by the adoption of some
kind of special clutch at the end of a
rigid gauntlet; but it seems that the tool
can be used only when there is provided,
at elbows and shoulders and again at
knees and hips, some sort of a flexible
section interrupting the continuity of the
rigid steel suit.
Here is where the problem enters. The
joint may be made either of a single piece
of some tough but flexible material of the
general nature of leather, or it may be
built up from several pieces of rigid metal
playing upon one another after the model
of the flexible gas tubing. But in the
first instance there is the greatest difficulty
in insuring against a weak spot that
will burst and let the water in, while the
task of making a connection which shall
be watertight under pressure between
metal and, say, leather, is not child's play.
Granting that this obstacle has been
met successfully, there is another and
rather humorous aspect of the matter
which almost invariably escapes advance
notice. Such a joint as has been mentioned,
whichever way it may be built,
must in the very nature of things present
a varying volume in its varying positions.
It can only be moved from a position in
which it occupies a less volume to one in
which it occupies a greater one by displacement
of water; and displacement
of water against the resistance of one
hundred pounds or more per square inch
presented at depths exceeding two hundred
feet is not a thing of which the
unaided muscular strength of a human
arm or leg is capable.
Accordingly when a diver gets past
this depth, he finds his motions circumscribed
by the fact that he can move his
joints only in the direction which decreases
their displacement. He may be
able to flex his arm, but cannot then
straighten it again, or vice versa. Moreover,
there is certainly one position in
which each joint presents a minimum
volume ; and having once got in that position
it is locked, as it were, and the unhappy
diver cannot use it at all, but can
only stand, a motionless prisoner, until
hauled up to a less pressing environment.

The Giant German Ship, Avare, Which Was just Recently
Completed and Made Ready for Passenger Service, Turned
Over While at the Dock at Hamburg, Germany. More
Than Twenty Persons Lost Their Lives
Strength and Perfect Balancing Ability Are Necessary for
a Stunt Like This. That is. They Would Be If it Was Real,
But it is a Freak for the Reel
San Francisco Police Questioned This Man's Story of a Murder by Auto Bandits. The New Lie Detecto
Was Given a Job and it Proved the Man Was Telling the Truth
0$&
t» J
*3r*
H. j il_|llllil—w
&&)*-^:
-*••*»
-
m^aWPf-if
mm:
••0t^a§^;v.^.'
'v :%gajg>- y-- JM^SM
249

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
THE WHITE GOLD PIRATE
By MERLIN MOORE TAYLOR
Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction. This Story Is a Pleasing Mixture of Both.
Chapter I
R O B E R T GOODWIN, scientist, inventor
and head of the great Chicago
laboratories and experimental
plant which bore his name, glared at the
telephone on his desk. The ringing of
its bell had interrupted him in the mental
solution of a problem and it irritated
him. In no pleasant frame of mind he
took down the receiver and growled
"hello."
"Are you in the market for platinum?"
inquired a man's voice without preliminaries.
Goodwin started, straightened up in
his chair. For some months now he, in
common with several thousand other persons
in the United States, had been waiting
quietly, but none the less eagerly, for
someone to ask that very question.
There was no agitation or surprise in
his voice, however, when he replied.
"Undoubtedly we would be interested in
the thing you mention," he said, "that is,
if it is of good quality—and safe."
Rather neat and intriguing that, he
thought, if his caller was indeed the man
he suspected, the bold and resourceful
platinum pirate for whom he and his fellow
watchers had been so patiently waiting,
the man who had set the expert mancatchers
of the United States department
of justice by the ears.
The man was talking again, in a peculiar
nasal drawl that reminded Goodwin
of various Southern men he had
known. "The stuff I've got is better
than ninety-five per cent pure," he was
saying. "I can let you have a hundred
ounces now, up to a thousand later."
The scientist gasped. Platinum always
is in demand by certain industries—for
electric-light bulbs, motor-car ignition
contacts, telephone and other electrical
instruments, jewelry and dentistry—and
every ounce is precious. Yet this man
was offering, as a fanner offers eggs or
butter, to let him have as much as a
thousand ounces. It was staggering!
"It's kind of you to offer it to me,"
Goodwin said, successfully concealing- his
.50
amazement and playing for time while
he scribbled furiously upon a paper pad
at his elbow. "Of course before I would
enter upon negotiations for it I would
insist upon making a test." He tore off
the sheet of paper, upon which he had
written "Platinum. Notify Barry," and
waved it aloft to attract the attention of
an assistant on the other side of the room.
"Certainly," the man on the other end
of the wire was saying as the assistant
leaped to Goodwin's side, took the paper
and departed on a run. "You will want
to make the test in your own place, of
course. Suppose I send around enough
of the stuff for that purpose?"
"And the price?" asked the scientist,
hoping he could hold his caller on the
line until that assistant made good on
instructions given him long ago in case
this very thing came up. Three minutes
would be more than enough. Two would
do in a pinch. He pictured wdiat was
going on in the office beyond the door to
the laboratory. His assistant would be
getting in touch with Barry, chief of the
investigation bureau of the department
of justice in Chicago. The telephone
operator would be urging the girl at the
central exchange to hurry with the tracing
of the telephone from which the
platinum salesman was talking.
"The price," said the high, nasal
voice," is one hundred dollars an ounce,
for one ounce or a thousand. Take it or
let it alone."
"Oh, I'll take quite a bit," replied
Goodwin, with one eye on the door
through which his assistant would return.
"The price is immaterial and a hundred
dollars an ounce is reasonable enough, in
view," he lowered his voice, "of the
present scarcity. I suppose," he hesitated,
"I suppose it is safe to handle?"
Upon that question and the way he had
led up to it and said it, the scientist was
staking a great deal. If, as he suspected,
this was indeed the much-wanted platinum
pirate he might be put off his guard
if led to believe that Goodwin, wanting

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 251
"He Tore Off the Sheet of Paper Upon Which He Had Written 'Platinum. Notify
Aloft to Attract the Attention of an Assistant"
the "white gold" which was so hard to
get, was not caring overly much where
it came from.
"That," snapped the man, "is the second
time you have express'ed the hope
that this stuff is 'safe.' It's not dynamite
and it won't explode, if that's what you
mean."
Was he really ignorant of conditions in
the platinum market or was he trying to
get Goodwin to be definite before committing
himself? The scientist, with no
time to think it over, chose to believe the
latter and rose to what he believed a bait
"I'll be frank with you," he said. "I
want platinum, yes, but not so much that
I can afford to have embarrassing questions
asked if it is traced to me."
Apparently that was satisfactory.
"You needn't let a fear of that worry
you," came the reply. "This stuff comes
from an unregistered claim my partner
and I have been working. Naturally we
haven't said anything about it, not wanting
a mob of prospectors buzzing over
the landscape. Shall I send you that
sample ?"
.arry,' and Waved It
Goodwin glanced at his watch. The
man was determined to have the conversation
end quickly. Perhaps, though, he
would hang on a bit longer. "Where is
your claim ?" he asked, ignoring the
other's question about the sample. "I
mean what part of the country, not its
definite location, of course." He was
purposely wordy, sparring for time.
"Canada. Ontario province. Way up
beyond Parry Sound," was the curt
reply. "How about the sample?"
"Send it," said Goodwin, as his assistant
appeared and gave him a smile and
a nod. A clatter on the wire told him
the man had hung up.
Goodwin leaned back in his chair with
a sigh. He was satisfied now that his
caller was indeed the clever, mysterious,
uncatchable platinum pirate who so far
had evaded every trap laid for him. The
scientist was certain, too, that he had not
alarmed the man. Rather, he believed
that if anyone had slipped, in those few
minutes' conversation, it had been his
caller, for the man had lied and Goodwin
had detected the untruth.

252 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Why hadn't he said the platinum came
from Russia, once the greatest exporting
country for the metal, but since the beginning
of the war negligible? Or from
Colombia, where a large find of platinum
would not be surprising in view of the
little really known about the tiny Central
American republic's resources? Or from
one of the Western states where it was
known to be present? Why had he
picked on Ontario and particularly the
Parry Sound region ? Why name Canada
at all, when the dominion produces an
average of only twenty-five troy ounces
of platinum a year? The man was absolutely
ignorant of the sources of
platinum production, for Ontario, of all
the Canadian provinces, never had been
known to produce a single gram of the
metal.
Goodwin shrugged his shoulders. "Oh,
well," he said, preparing to return to his
interrupted problem, "it's not my affair,
but Barry's, now. Still—I'd like to go
after that fellow in my own way."
Chapter II
"I should like to try and catch this
fellow myself."
Goodwin, several hours later, was repeating
his wish of the afternoon to
Barry, when at the government man's
invitation, the scientist had dropped in at
the latter's office in the federal building.
They were old friends, these two, the
scientist and the detective, and Barry hail
availed himself of the other man's knowledge
when first the platinum piracies had
been assigned to the Chicago office by
his chief in Washington.
"Why don't you have a go at it, then?"
inquired the detective. "I believe in
scientific methods in crime detection, of
course, but I do not believe they yet have
reached the stage where they can begin
to supplant the tried and tested methods
of Scotland Yard, Mulberry street or
Le Surctc of Paris."
The scientist smiled. "There are
Doubting Thomases in every day and
age," he replied. "A few years back the
deductive reasonings of such fictitious
detectives as Sherlock Holmes, Lecoq
and Dupont were greeted by flesh-andblood
sleuths as interesting, but impossible
to carry out in real life. Today the
exploits of those creatures born in
authors' brains seem feeble when com­
pared with what is accomplished along
the same line by our best crime-detectors.
Why not eliminate the human element as
represented by detectives and their stool
pigeons, with all of a human being's
liability to err badly and often, and substitute
the inventions and devices of science
which cannot go wrong?"
"You would say that, of course, being
a scientist yourself," retorted Barry. "I
am not. I am a detective; not altogether
a poor one, I hope. On this platinum
piracy I have not shown results. After
iying dormant for several months the case
has bobbed up again. You have a chance
to go after this chap according to science.
I think I can catch him in my way. Let's
make it a sporting proposition, the winner
to enjoy a dinner at the Drake and an
evening at the theater at the expense of
the loser?"
Goodwin held out his hand. "You're
on," he agreed. "We must not, however,
lose sight of the fact that this fellow's
capture is, after all, the main thing.
Feeling that I may obtain information
you could not possibly get in any other
way, I'm going to stipulate that I shall
keep you informed of my progress. On
the other hand, I do not want to know
what you find out."
Barry protested at first, but in the end
he yielded. Goodwin would have it no
other way.
It was undoubtedly a clever man—this
whom thev were setting out to trap. His
depredations were not such as to attract
attention in the public prints, but in scientific
and industrial circles he had
caused a great deal of grief following the
end of the war. Prior to 1914 the
L T nited States had found the available
supply of platinum, while small, adequate
for its needs.
Then the great World War. In a
twinkling the United States became the
greatest munitions producer in the world.
In the making of high explosives, sulphuric
acid is essential and in makingsulphuric
acid platinum is required. The
demand for the metal went sky-high, and
the supply dropped. Russia no longer
produced any for export. The price for
platinum was doubled, tripled, quadrupled.
Wise heads at Washington foresaw
that inevitably the United States would
be dragged into the maelstrom. Officials

An Early Arrival at Goodwin's Office Found the
Package Hanging on the Knob of the Office Door
upon whom would devolve the making of
munitions for the war department entered
into competition with the private munitions-makers
for what platinum was to
be had. The government managed to get
a lot of it and stored it away in great
steel vaults, surrounded by concrete
walls, at its explosives plants.
Nor did the government, wdiich had
maintained its reserve by appealing to
its people's patriotism to refrain from
ordering jewelry with platinum settings
or teeth fillings of the precious metal,
reduce its supply wdien peace came again.
Industry, struggling to get back on a
normal basis and at the same time profit
by the extravagance wliich marked the
reaction from war, found itself woefully
short of the "white gold."
Wherever platinum was used, it began
to disappear. Laboratories lost their
crucibles and retorts of platinum, invaluable
because of their high melting point
and acid-resisting properties. Lump
metal vanished mysteriously. The climax
came when the bureau of standards
at Washington was robbed of metal
worth several thousand dollars.
Then the department of justice took a
hand. Inquiries pointed to one man as
the master mind of the platinum thefts.
He had boldly counted on human nature
•ILLUSTRATED WORLD 253
to net him a fortune, too, and he guessed
rightly. There were unscrupulous buyers
enough who took what he had to offer
and did not question him as to where he
had obtained it. The pirate was reaping
thousands.
Overnight the platinum pirate ceased
operations. Somehow he had learned
that an organized hunt was being made
for him and fled to cover. Against the
day when, feeling himself safe, he would
resume his nefarious peddling the department
of justice enlisted the aid of
the chemical societies and the manufacturers
in setting one of the most gigantic
traps ever conceived.
Into every plant, every laboratory,
every office where platinum was used the
tentacles of the trap were led. Did any
platinum thief, no matter how insignificant,
broach the matter of a sale the
authorities would know about it shortly.
The man who had telephoned Goodwin
and nibbled at the bait the scientist set
out was the first to be reported. If the
amount of the metal, a thousand ounces,
which he offered were any indication he
was the master mind who was sought.
Only a thief of incredible daring and
cleverness would have possession of that
much metal.
Yet the men whom Barry dispatched
at once to the office building from which
the man had telephoned returned emptyhanded
and without a single clue. The
telephone was located in a recently vacated
office and any casual visitor in the
building could have stepped in and made
use of the instrument without attracting
any notice.
This was just what the platinum pirate
had done. Then he had vanished again
into the jammed, crowded streets of a
big city. There was nothing that the
detectives could do but resume their patient,
watchful waiting.
It was against this man that Robert
Goodwin had taken up the gauntlet,
armed only with his scientific knowledge.
Chapter III
Goodwin was not surprised, on arriving
at his laboratory the next morning.
to find that during the night the promised
sample of platinum had been delivered.
It was plain that the pirate, in
spite of his assertion that his metal was

254 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
legitimately obtained, did not propose to
take any chances. He had wrapped up
a small cardboard box containing a few
grams of the platinum, addressed it to
Goodwin and hung it on the knob of the
laboratory door where it would be seen
by the first arrival.
The scientist handled the parcel as
gingerly as if it had been a bomb. He
removed the wrapping carefully, scrutinized
it closely, then laid it aside. With
a pair of tweezers he lifted off the litl of
the small box, tilted the box itself and
dumped out the platinum. Then he
dusted the sides, bottom and lid of the
box with powdered graphite, smoothed
it down with a brush of fine camel's hair
and was delighted to find that several
fairly distinct fingerprints stood out in
bold relief. These photographed, he
turned the plate over to his assistant to
develop and dry and take off some prints.
Just as surely as if he had posed for
his photograph, the pirate's carelessness
in leaving the impressions of his fingers
on that cardboard box had paved the way
for his positive identification if ever he
was caught. Perhaps he did not know
he had been so careless. Possibly he had
been lulled by Goodwin's deception in
pretending to fear the platinum might
be traced to his laboratory.
Somewhat jubilantly the scientist
called up Barry and told him what he
had obtained: "You're slow," said the
government man. "We got his prints
off that telephone he used yesterday."
Goodwin swore softly and hung up.
Then he turned his attention to the sample
of platinum. His first trained inspection
revealed that the pirate was not
skilled in metallurgy. 1 le had mixed
platinum as it had come from the ground
with platinum sponge, the porous state
of the metal after it has been converted
through chemical processes. It might
as well have been placarded with the information
that it had been stolen from
some laboratory.
To his must reliable chemist Goodwin
entrusted the job of analyzing the samples.
The man. when he had finished,
came back with surprise written in his
face.
"This stuff is unbelievably good, sir,"
he said. "I find that it is more than
ninety-nine per cent pure, with only
slight traces of iridium and iron."
Goodwin took the figures and delved
into the pigeonholes of memory for certain
facts he knew were stored there.
The composition of every stock of platinum
of consequence in the country is a
matter of general knowledge to those
interested in the metal.
"There are only two places in the country
where there would be as much as a
thousand ounces of stuff as good as this,"
he said to himself after a bit. "One is
the government . plant at Nitro, West
Virginia. The other is that Jackson
plant on an island in the Mississippi
river. The latter is the most likely. No,
it's certain. I recall now that the platinum
at Nitro had traces of palladium in
it. This stuff was stolen from Jackson."
Barry, who dropped in during the day
to see if anything had developed, was
inclined to dispute it. "No loss of platinum
has been reported from the Jackson
plant," he insisted. "The government
took a census about the time the investigations
began and there were thirteen
thousand ounces of the stuff there then.
It had been converted into platinum
sponge mostly and stored away in the
vault in aluminum cans holding twentyfive
ounces each."
"I'd be willing to wager it isn't there
now, not all of it, at least," maintained
Goodwin.
"It was there no longer than two
months ago," retorted the government
man. "At that time the plant was closed
down, the platinum and other metals
locked up in the vault and the vault itself
sealed. That is, wax seals, stamped with
the government eagle, were placed at frequent
intervals on the cracks around the
door. An army officer who is in charge
of the place walks through the plant
every day. Surely he would have noticed
it if those seals had been broken. No
such thing has been reported. Besides
six watchmen are on duty in the plant at
night and no stranger is permitted to
land on the island during the day. It's
evident you are wrong, old man."
Goodwin shook his head. "I'd have to
see the metal itself in the vault," he said.
"The whole thing may turn upon that
question, Barry. Once definitely established
where the platinum came from, we
would know where to begin our probing.
Can't you get permission from the
(Continued on Page 310)

Using Guns for Factory Equipment
E V E R Y O N E knows that in an active
volcano a crust of lava forms
around the circumference of the
crater. In the making of cement a similar
crust, or "ring" as it is called, forms
in the long, cylindrical kilns. The heat
is so intense that the ground stone and
other raw materials are fused together.
So Many Shots Are Fired That All
Guns Are Equipped with Shoulder
Pads. Right — Longitudinal Section
of Kiln Showing How Cement Rings
Are Shot Away
By H. COLIN C A M P B E L L
This "burning" is the most
expensive and most important
of the nearly one hundred
processes required to
convert the raw materials
into modern Portland cement,
and uses about two
hundred pounds of coal for every 376pound
barrel of cement made.
In this fusing the heat-softened materials
occasionally collect and form a
ring which grows closer and closer together,
and which ultimately must be removed.
Sometimes the longitudinal
depth of these rings is as much as eight
feet. When this ring is far from the
working end of the kiln, it has been
found more economical to remove the
ring by cutting it with balls fired from a
shotgun than by shutting down the kiln
and jamming or wedging it out. The
shooting cuts away a wedge of the material,
permitting the remainder of the
ring or crust to collapse when the kiln
revolves.
Originally the shells were filled with
a "duck load," but it was found that these
were not strong enough.
More recently one-ounce
lead balls similar to those
used in a "deer load" are
employed. A long barrel,
12-gage repeating shotgun is
the most commonly used.
Once a wedge is cut from
the ring, as shown in the accompanying
illustration, and
the kiln is again made to
rotate, the rest of the ring
breaks down.
When the balls hit the ring, the fused
stone and other raw materials are so
nearly semiliquid or soft that a distinct
splash is noted. This indicates the extreme
heat to which the materials have
been raised. From two hundred and
fifty to one thousand shots are required,
and are fired so rapidly that a single gun
gets too hot to handle. For that reason
as many as ten repeating shotguns are
used, one man doing the shooting and
another the loading.
255

I x -
j8iiSr2i_«
llCif-
• _ _ « » _ - - > ; '' >
—""""• i_nfiL'
'9 H
*fli___B
i -~zz.; ^\X
fe "~~* \x VX
••*_." —
ml
^V_.
'X
•*SI Hit JB'/JS
m
• J
• ^ (SWF •.:-• •-«!
^_._,.i_?H8|j!^H|
£X- v itei""'
6t-
£ V,.x
[Six %,
Sk_3^_S^_
". . v_ 1
___^_HD___I
k__J
_GlsiSj|tev N
•SMBR ^f^____________
^^J___tt____ TI
Ic t^E^
Preparations Are Well Under Way for Work on the New
ZR-1, the Giant Rigid Airship Being Built for Uncle Sam in
New Jersey. It Will Be 675 Feet Long and 78% Feet in
Diameter, With Six Engines and a Speed of 70 Miles an Hour
Train No. 59 of the
New York Central
Was Marooned at the
Mouth of a Tunnel
Near Syracuse, N. Y.
Rain Came Down so
Fast that it Put Out
the Fire in the Engine
and the Train Couldn't
Move. Passengers
Got Out on Planks
© f£.STONE V'-W CO,
256
(?) UHDCflwooD * u~:t-'
In a Little Town in Georgia, a Government
Official Found this Bear Trap All Set to
Catch the First Prohibition Officer Who
Came Near a Big "Moonshine" Still

PARKING WITH PAN
"0 Pipes of Pan,
Make me a man,
As only your earthly music can;
And create in me
From your melody
The strength of the hills and the
strength of the sea."
SO Bliss Carman sang with that universal
ache in his heart that still
drives men down to the sea in ships
and up to the hill-tops and through the
endless green caverns of the forest after
that peace and strength that this social
world alone cannot give. But we recognize
and respond to the voices of the Red
Gods as never before. As summer comes
around we work with one eye on the
calendar, conscious of the fact that school
will soon be out and a two-weeks' recess
will be spent romping on one of the most
magnificent playgrounds of the world.
Someone has divided a business man's
year into
49 weeks anticipation,
1 week preparation,
2 weeks realization.
52
By LLOYD R O B E R T S
off and inaccessible to the average city
dweller, while the cost of outfit, trans-
but until recently it was difficult to get so -._ „ „.
much realization. Playgrounds were far Th < £ £ £ , ^ ' C t o T . ^ S _ * "
257

25S ILLUSTRATED WORLD
* -,~ *
^
' X.
___J^__
IWjjnSffSjr*'
____M__V____I__?^___I ___H_p^'''' J*
W*g&^L jBpm
'^ i "- T mB^SsA
Zfe^'tm^
•JffSftf^ y. *-jriMBK-S^_T •-j-_-l
'•••x«r-' s "1
. : .: " •• . : •
Lake Agnes -the Goat's Looking-Glass—Lies Like an Emerald
at the Foot of the Mountain
portation and guides was almost prohibitive.
Now he is exceptional if he is more
than a night's train journey or a two-day
motor ride from the wildest haunts of
Pan, where he can revel at his own sweet
will in luxurious aloofness.
Canada boasts of her natural resources,
but the greatest of these surely are her
playgrounds. Everything that we children
of a larger growth desire for our
amusement lies within her borders. As
the White Mountains and the Adirondacks
become tame we turn north toward
those wild forest and game reserves of
the Ontario Highlands. As tourists cling
like barnacles to the purple walls of
Yellowstone park and the Grand Canyon
we move upward into the virgin districts
of Glacier and Yoho. And if these
stupendous fastnesses ever should lose
their glorious emptiness there would still
remain that limitless friendly Arctic that
Stefansson so delights in, where the tired
business man could land from his airplane
to snap the walrus and the polar bear in
comfort. Canada, whether she likes it or
not, is destined to be the playground
of the world.
And Canada recognizes the
fact. Her parking system has
been organized and developed
with a telescopic eye, an eye that
foresees the not so distant future
when her population will be as
her neighbor's is today and her
neighbor's will be as the sands
of the sea for number. She has
roped off from the guns and
axes of civilization every genus
and species of flora and fauna,
every type of topography, every
logical bird sanctuary and breeding
ground, stamping it forever
with the broad arrow of government
inviolability.
And not a day too early. The
"See America First" slogan, the
Good Roads movement and the
Great War, that turned the tide
of sightseers from the ancient
playgrounds of Europe into their
own American ones, stimulated
Canadians also to patronize home
products. Their eyes were suddenly
opened to wonders in their
midst out-shining the Matterhorn
and the Sphinx. Their hundreds
turned to thousands. The Commissioner
of Dominion Parks could say what the
Director of the United States National
Parks Service said two years ago:
"Beyond the Mississippi the fact that
the parks are the great lodestone of the
West has been fully acknowdedged. They
attract visitors as nothing else does."
And the beauty of it is that each country
profits by the advertising of the other.
We have complete reciprocity of pleasure-seekers
if not of commerce and industry.
The cloud-burst of happy
grownups sweeps back and forth across
that imaginary line that binds rather than
bounds two great peoples. From the
Grand Canyon, Yellowstone and Glacier
parks it spreads into Waterton, up to
Banff (Rocky Mountains), Jasper and
Yoho, crosses into British Columbia and
ebbs south again through the parks of
Oregon and California. It is safe to say
that neither the Dominion nor the Republic
will ever sing,
"You shall not play in my yard,
I don't like you any more—"

This playing means too much
financially as well as sentimentally
for that.
"Parking" today is not the selfish
affair it was awhile back. No
self-respecting man leaves his
family behind—if they will go.
The modern woman is quite
capable of holding her own, in
addition to her share of the load,
on the trail. Dressed in closefitting
breeks and khaki shirt she
can straddle trunks, pitch the
tent, track upstream or wield the
bow paddle as skillfully as any
man. She seldom grouches, reverts
to the primitive more completely
than a man and has a
touch on the biscuit dough little
short of miraculous. By all
means take her along, and the
children too, if you have to rig
up a pack for portaging the baby
on your back. If it is too rough
for the family it means that you
are still a tenderfoot.
A woodsman never boasts of
fly bites, fatigue, burnt mush and
accidents. He goes camping for
rest and recreation, for wholesome
meals, comfortable beds,
easy exercise and plenty of time to dream.
The park hunter sheds no blood. With
infinite cunning and patience he glides
within range of feeding moose or gnawing
beaver and brings it down with his
camera. He is a discoverer of primeval
forests and unmapped lakes. He confidently
expects to discover Pan some
day, piping plaintively away in some
Canadian park. Where else would he
have taken refuge ? In the meantime, as
his canoe slips around the wooded points
or his moccasins press the moss of the
faint trails, he hears the startled deer
crash into the underbrush, the grouse
roar up in his face and the derisive loon
laugh him to scorn. How far off then is
Fifth Avenue and the traffic cop!
But perhaps the tired business man
prefers precipices and peaks to gentle
streams and tangled coverts; mountain
goats to red deer. Then he turns his
eyes and feet west to the playgrounds
of the Rockies, the nurseries of the
Selkirks. Whether it is Waterton, Banff,
Yoho or Revelstoke, the same gigantic
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 259
What are the Calk-pitted Slopes of the Matterhom Compared to
the Beautiful and Lofty Assiniboine in the Canadian Rockies?
peaks crowd the horizon ; the same Goats'
Looking-Glasses lie like emeralds and
turquoises at their feet; the same soaring
trails, gloomy caverns, deceptive clarity
of atmosphere, flowers, buffeting winds
and freedom stir the city blood and renovate
the city brain.
If you are a mountain-climber you will
kick yourself for not discovering such
rocky problems before. What are the
calk-pitted slopes of the Matterhorn compared
to the Assiniboine, the Temple, the
Ten Peaks of Moraine Lake and an innumerable
company of mountains offering
every inducement to a dare-devil,
from scenery to a broken neck? Enthusiasm
and rivalry run riot. No sooner
is one scalp hung from a climber's girdle
than another lures him higher into the
clouds. Here is a typical paragraph
from a climber's notebook:
"One at a time—the other two securelyanchored—we
crawled with the utmost
care to the actual highest point, and
peeped over the edge of the huge, over-
(Continued on page 310)

Above—Scene from a New Passion Play That Promises to Rival That of
the Famous Oberammergau. The Whole Town of Mikofalva, Hungary,
Has Been Transformed to Resemble a Miniature Jerusalem. Right—
Some Realistic Automatic Songbirds, a British Gift to a Former Japanese
Emperor, Are Attracting Much Attention from Tourists. Below—Many
Times Bavaria Has Threatened to Pull Away from the Rest of Germany,
but Could Not for It Is
Entirely Dependent on
Prussia for Its Coal Supply.
A Mountain Separating
the Isar River and the
Walchen Sea Is to Be
Tunneled Through and the
Waters of Both Emptied
into the Kochel Sea, Thus
Providing Enough Turbine
Power to Render Coal Unnecessary
"Ripper'* Lock Enables
One to Open Golf Bag
from Top to Bottom, Fill
the Various Pockets with
Golf Clothes and Have
Room Left for Clubs
and Balls
260
9 P'3K
!v '--HI « i <
^k 'JS_3B\
Hp"f|
_> ^H
f___jy
SSL.-'
'• • ^JMr^^^taaWaWM
'•' l • ''fjaW -'-^M
• ATm
A k M
w^'ilH
J t^\ •'__
Mwl fa*j
_________!
W JF.s
TSjigBH

A LEARNED
Electricity and Home Planning
man has predicted
that if the present development
of electric labor-savers continues,
it will not be very many centuries before
we shall become
a race of
push - buttoners,
evolving
by slow stages
to the point
where one
large forefinger
will be
ridiculously
over- developed.
Already
we order our
lives to a large
extent by the
electric switch.
Push — and
there is light;
push — and an
elevator mirac­
ulously carries
us up to our
apartment
home ; push—and electricity washes and
irons and cooks for us. The wonderful
talents of the push-button promise to
change our days into workless ones.
But electricity
cannot be
utilized to its
fullest value in
the home unless
due attention
is given to
the wiring at
the time of
planning the
house. To call
people's attention
to this
there is being
displayed just
now a series of
"modern electrical
homes,"
carefully arranged
and
fully fur­
In the Electrical Home Mother Dries Baby's Hair "by Wire.'
An Electric Radiator Is Also Built into This Room
nished, in vario
u s cities

262 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
throughout the country. The movement
started in California, where one Los
Angeles electrical home attracted seventyfive
thousand visitors, and the idea has
been taken up since by almost every other
city of any size.
The electrical home illustrates, for one
thing, the value of having a sufficient
number of electric outlets, conveniently
placed, so that one may use the various
appliances without being obliged to unscrew
light bulbs from chandeliers, and
without overloading circuits. The first
such house placed on exhibition in Cleveland
contained one hundred and twentyfive
outlets, and it was not extravagantly
equipped, by any manner of means. The
living room contained five baseboard outlets,
two of them double, distributed
about the room for table lamps and floor
lamps and for the vacuum cleaner, the
electric radiator and other appliances.
Electric candlesticks lighted the mantelpiece.
The dining table in this home was
wired from an electric outlet placed in
the center of the floor. And the kitchen
was a model of electrical convenience,
with range, dishwasher, and refrigerator
run "by wire," as well as a household
utility motor to whip cream, beat eggs,
and provide "electric elbow grease" for
half-a-dozen other household chores.
These electrical homes have called attention
to the convenience of having an
outlet for the electric iron placed at elbow
height. They have shown how to save
energy by placing an outlet for the
vacuum cleaner knee high, and in a location
from which, with a long cord, the
housewife may clean several rooms without
making a change in the connection.
The importance of planning carefully
the placing of all the outlets throughout
the house is clear to anyone who has
Where Electric Toasters and Other Heating Devices Are Used, Enough Outlets Are Provided to
Prevent the Frequent Blowing of Fuses
studied these dwellings, for each lamp
and appliance, from the living-room
bracket lights to the dishwasher in the
kitchen, has its specific function to perform
which it does best in the right location.
The electric washer must be provided
with a connection and with plenty
of light, immediately adjacent to the
stationary laundry tubs. The electric
ironer should be located on a floor which
can easily be kept clean, not on a rough
cement surface where the housewife's
choicest linens are likely to drag in the
dust. And so on throughout the house.
Where percolators, toasters, and other
heating devices are to be used, enough
circuits must be provided to prevent frequent
blowing of fuses.
One of the most interesting developments
is that in the bedrooms. Instead
of placing a bracket light on the wall on

each side of the dresser, and so decreeing
that that piece of furniture must remain
in the one spot forevermore, the most
up-to-date practice is to provide brackets
on the dresser itself, which may be connected
to a baseboard outlet, and thus
allow greater variety in the arrangement
of the room.
The convenience of electrical service in
the home obviously depends upon forethought
in planning the wiring. The invisible
"nerves" of the house, controlled
by the push-button, become more and
more important with the increasing use
Coats and Suits Are Brushed Electrically by the
Modern Housewife with her Versatile Vacuum Cleaner
of the magical "white coal" to lighten
labor and add to our enjoyment of daily
living.
Now You Can Make Your Own
Phonograph Records
A NONBREAKABLE blank, made out
of a metallic product, that will
record on any phonograph one's own
voice, any musical instrument, band and
orchestra, has been invented and patented.
The invention permits recording
of any sound and reproduction without
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 263
A Knee-High Outlet Placed on the Landing for the
Vacuum Cleaner Makes It Possible to Clean the Stair
Carpet More Easily
changing the reproducer on an ordinary
phonograph. Ordinary steel needles are
used to make the record and to reproduce
it.
Made of a special composition, the record
has about the same weight as steel.
In appearance it is like aluminum. It is
impossible to damage the device even by
scratching, bending or otherwise mutilating
it, as the record preserves the sound
grooves without variation by expansion
or contraction. In making a record from
a blank, it is possible to speak into the
sound box of an ordinary phonograph to
reproduce sound exactly. As unusual as
it may seem, there is no metallic sound
on reproduction.
However, the best records can be made
by the use of a special reproducing horn,
which can be attached to any machine by
merely placing it on the turntable.
The record, after being thus reproduced,
may be played at least one thousand
times with a steel needle or five
thousand times with a wooden needle.
Furthermore, it can be replated four or
five times without diminishing the sound.
With the aid of this new record, it
will be possible for one away from home

264 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
to send a personal message to home,
recording his own voice. The record
need merely be dropped in a mail box
New Metal Records Placed on Ordinary
Talking Machines Will Register Anything
You Wish Them to Play
after affixing a stamp and writing the
address on a label.
Egg-Beaters Made Over
YY/IRE egg-beaters that have become
useless through the breaking away
of the fine wire centers can be made over
with small bits of wire. A pair of pliers
should be used to clinch ends and smooth
rough edges.
A< m s
\ a
_• _• Er*Pxl *
A
rO
•! H
^.j***
By Using This New Device the Heat from the Gas Stove That
Is Usually Wasted Is Made to Heat Water
Puts a Whole Tool Kit into
Your Vest Pocket
A N ingenious arrangement makes this
new tool kit small enough to fit into
the vest pocket. The handle separates in
the middle.
Each section is
notched so that
any one of the
tools may be
slipped into the
notch. Then the
other half of the
handle is attached
forming
a strong support
to the tool being
used. All the
tools are kept in
the hollow han-
A\Q A Small, Compact
Handle
rr^-i i • • Holds Almost Every Sort of
Ihe device is ~ . M _, , . .., „
Tool Needed Around the House
handy to keep in
the pocket and extremely useful in the
kitchen or the living room where any of
the numerous tools included in the kit
Using the Stove's Wasted Heat
can be used and then put in some out-of-
A WATERHEATING attachment rethe-wav
corner of the drawer.
cently invented makes it possible to
utilize the waste heat developed in cooking.
The attachment is applied to a tank
for heating water which is conveniently
placed at one side of the gas stove.
The apparatus consists of a
hollow disk, supported over the
burner by spider arms and heated
by the flame. The disk is connected
by pipes with a heating
tank so that a continuous circulation
of water is kept up between
the tank and the hollow
heating disk. This disk is provided
with convolutions so as to
permit the flame to pass through
and perform its usual function
in heating the contents of any
utensil placed on the stove while
heat radiated laterally is utilized
in heating the hot water in the
hollow the pipes water disk. into to The the circulate tank.
heat will through cause

Some New Disappearing Tricks
IF our great-grandfathers, or even our
grandfathers, could walk into a modern
home they would be very likely
to think that they were in a dime museum
or had wandered into one of P. T.
Barnum's side-shows or were watching
some famous magician display his repertoire
of mysterious tricks. The old laborious
oil lamps and their predecessors
have been replaced by a push-button.
The extra bedroom for the guest has
given way to a space-saving bed fastened
to the back of the door. And many other
changes in the household equipment
would tend to mystify our log-cabin forefathers.
Two new ones have recentlv
appeared.
The first is a dining-room buffet that
hides a spare bed. We are even improving
on our own time, even taking the bed
out from behind the door and putting it
in a place that is sometimes more convenient.
The bed occupies the lower part
of a built-in dining-room buffet. When
its use is required, it is readily drawn
from its place of concealment and used
in any part of the room
or even in the adjoining
room.
The bed is about
four feet in width and
of the regulation
length, and has a sort
of drop-leaf on the
front side, appropriately
finished in paneled
effect, whic h
makes it possible to
completely conceal it as
a natural part of the
buffet. The buffet itself
is not sufficiently
deep to accommodate
the full width of the
bed, so the space for
the bed is extended
through the wall and
occupies the bottom
part of the built-in
kitchen cupboard.
Directly above the
bed the buffet has four
small drawers, above
By C H A R L E S A L M A BYERS
this are the usual open counter-shelves,
and the top part is devoted to ordinary
cupboard room. The woodwork of the
room can be finished in the desired color
and the buffet, of course, finished to
match.
Attic Staircase Neatly Folded Into Decorative Frame
in the Ceiling
Beds of similar character can be hidden
in living-room seats and other convenient,
out-of-the-way places.
Then, too, our
grandfathers had, and
some of us will remember,
the open ladder
leading into the loft
where some of the
family used to sleep.
In many houses the
lofts have been replaced
by attics. As
the attics are left unfinished,
they are used
only for storage purposes.
They are, however,
frequently visited
by members of the
family. The open ladder
has been discarded
for a disappearing
stairway. It is located
in an ordinary back
hall of insufficient
width to accommodate
a stairway of the usual
Stairs Lowered for Easy Access Into
the Attic Treasure Hold
kind. When not in use
the stairway is raised
to concealment and put
2G5

266 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
out of the way in a decorative frame
placed in the hall ceiling.
The stairway is twenty-seven inches
wide, has the ordinary arrangement of
steps, and is finished on the under side
with pine tongue-and-groove material.
It is fastened at the top with strong
hinges. A strong cord, operating
through pulleys fastened to the attic roof
and provided with counterbalancing
weights, engages the lower end and enables
it to be
easily raised
a n d lowered.
There is a
large screw eye
in the under
side of the
free end for
the purpose of
permitting a
special hookequipped
pole
to be used in
raising and
lowering the
stairway to the
d e s i red position.
The finish of
the under side
of the stairway
is such
that it has an
extremely neat appearance when it has
been raised to its closed position in a
neatly framed ceiling opening.
basement mains. It is therefore a question
whether the practice of specifying
brass pipe for risers, and iron or steel for
mains, might not better be reversed.
Brass pipe in this investigation did not
show up as well as might be expected.
Genuine wrought-iron pipe, in sixty-five
buildings, ranging in age from eight to
twenty years, did not show a single failure
when used for cold water supply, and
in only one or two of these buildings did
Buffet Bed Can Be Either Hidden Under the Dining-room Buffet
or Used Any Place in the Room
About the Water-Pipes in
Your Buildings
""TO determine the life of water-pipe in
buildings under varying conditions
of service, a canvass was made of one
hundred and twenty-five apartment buildings
in one city. The investigation
showed the corrosion to be most severe
in hot-water mains — exposed basement
piping—and the recommendation is that
pipe one size larger than that used in
regular practice be used.
The point is that the larger size, having
a greater thickness and larger bore,
would not so easily rust through or become
stopped up with rust. The hotwater
risers, which are usually concealed,
proved to have much longer life than the
the iron hot
water pipe risers
require repairs
in the
same period of
time.
Lead pipe
for hot water
risers seemed
to have an average
. life of
eighteen years,
one complete
failure being
recorded after
fourteen years'
service. It appeared
from
the investigation
that the
pipe lasted a
little longer
where an automatic
water heater was used. This is
regarded as due to the possibility that a
lower temperature of the water is maintained
than with a heater without thermostatic
control, corrosion increasing with
temperature and reaching its maximum
between 140 and 170 degrees Fahrenheit.
Temperatures ranging from 115 to 130
degrees are recommended wherever they
will serve the purpose.
New Frames from Old Ones
In nearly every attic or storeroom are
a number of old frames which have been
relegated to obscurity because their once
bright appearance has faded. If these
frames be taken from their dusty crannies,
cleaned and given a coat of gold
bronze with an extra glossy bronze
flowed on the high-lights, and the frame
then given a coat of lacquer to protect it,
the product will be an old frame renewed
to a permanent, bright glitter.

Latest Styles in Housekeeping
Light, strong stepladder without
screws or bolts folds compactly and
is steady on uneven surfaces
Above—No burned fingers
with toaster that automatically
turns toast. Right—
Light bulb can be substituted
for heating coil in electrical
heater. Left—Handy folding
umbrella and basket fryer for
croquettes and other deep
fat cooking.
Above—Small heater boils tumblerful
of water in three minutes. Below—Automatic
heater keeps tank
full of hot water all the time
267

Motoring's Most Deadly Menace
"THE FLIVVERBOOB"
By FRED G I L M A N JOPP
Reckless and careless drivers of motor cars are to be known as "flivverboobs"
according to the decision reached by judges of the American
Automobile Association's contest to choose a name describing the reckless
driver in the same manner that "jaywalker" describes careless pedestrians
W H I L E riding home over a wet
pavement the other night I came
within an ace of being, in nautical
phraseology, "rammed." Being a very
careful driver, I was driving slowly and all
but hugging the curb when a big automobile
navigated by a speed fiend attempted
to pass me, but skidded on the sloppy pavement
and made directly for my car with
the apparent intention of splitting it in
two. But when almost touching- me the
driver regained control and
sharply turned' the nose of
his car forward, scraping
my mudguards as he passed.
Why supposedly sane men
will attempt to drive over a
wet pavement at top speed is
an unsolvable mystery. In
writing of the early Norsemen,
Emerson remarks that
"never were gallant gentlemen
so anxious to put themselves
or their fellows out
of the world." Perhaps the
speed maniacs are the Norse­
men of the Sagas reincarnated.
But at least the members
of that older race went
268
through the form of disagreeing with
each other before going about their
bloody business, while the modern speeders
omit this point of etiquette, thus revealing
their lack of true sporting spirit.
The speeder is only one type of the
flivverboob. Another type is the "mud
splasher." The mud splasher is the
gentleman (?) behind the wheel who
dashes up to a mud puddle near the curbing-
and sends water and mud splashing
Arm Signals Should be Made Before the Driver Actually Starts to
Make the Turn. This Gives the Car Behind a Chance to Slow Down
or Turn Out

all over the skirts and trousers of pedestrians
as they stand waiting for a street
car.
This type of professional pest is actuated
by a spirit of mischievous maliciousness.
He likes to hear the women scream
as the mud spatters on their new fall
gowns, and the men rave as the dirty
water splashes over their clothes.
Another type is the parking pirate. He
is the nervy chap who sneaks up behind
you as you are about to back into a parking
place downtown and beats you to it.
Usually his car has a shorter wheel base
than yours and so he gets into the space
head on. And he chuckles with glee as
you, swallowing your chagrin, move on
down the street hunting another parking
place. Finally
you find a
place and ease
into it. Meanwhile
this
parking pirate
has finished his
business and
gone but finds
he has to come
back for something.
The
parking places
are filled, but
in front of
your car is a
hydrant. Of
course he can't
park there; it
is against the traffic rules. Still there is
nothing to prevent him from pushing
your car ahead until he has room to
fl-p, *1-.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 269
"He'd Miss the Engine by an Inch and Make the Train Hands
Sore. There Was a Man Who Fancied This—There Isn't Any
More"
m injg •••:
y*i ***
___!__^*"3£_3_______Hl_" - '•*"*•• " -I23W^^^^3a
-#tiiif#.|#t
_t *"•? ""'"/•' ' ' j v.""*- Jji • I H* : f J_I
mm *^m •Will

270 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Right Past the Death-Head Sign Sails the Motorist
to Crash Into the Oncoming Car from Around the
Blind Curve. Such Carelessness Is Inexcusable. But
How Can We Careful Motorists Protect Ourselves?
flivverboob, the fellow who drives too
fast or the fellow who drives too slow.
Even the man who drives well within the
legal speed limit may want to go faster
than the slow
driver. Where
there is a jam of
cars on the road it
-la
is extremely difficult
to pass a slowmoving
car on or
near a curve. A
blind curve is alw
a y s dangerous,
and should be approached
under
control.
Where there are
two streams of cars
going in opposite
directions, unless the slow driver pulls
well over to one side (and they do not
seem eager to get over) the man behind
must wait until there is no car coming
from the opposite direction before he can
safely pass, except, of course, on very
wide pavement. The consequence is that
his first opportunity is just before reaching
a curve. He speeds up and meets
another car doing the very same thing.
And the accident is listed under automobile
casualties.
The same thing applies to grades,
which are steep enough so that one cannot
see the road ahead until he goes
"over the top." But though corners and
hilltops are "blind" the flivverboob takes
them at high speed.
And then comes the flivverboob who
tries to beat the locomotive over a cross-
^j- K
Tj^i?"j
if -^_ir
*_e
With the Brakes On the Part of the Other Drivers
Here the Driver is Attempting to Cut Across in Front
of Traffic from Two Directions. Only Quick Action
Averted Some Bad Collisions
ing. He is too well known to describe.
A little poem illustrates his case:
There was a man who fancied that by
driving good and fast
He'd get his car across the tracks
before the train went past.
He'd miss the engine by an inch and
make the train crew sore,
There was a man who fancied this—
there isn't any more.
Among juvenile drivers the big lack
is judgment, and there is no way in which
this lack can be supplied except by years
of experience. The boy of twelve or
fourteen years may be easily more dexterous
than a man of fifty, but judgment
is more necessary than dexterity.
Any driver is a good driver as long as
nothing happens. But in motoring,
emergencies may arise every mile and
action must be immediate
and cor-
rect. To act
quickly and
wrongly always results
in another
smash.
W e want our
boys and girls to
learn to drive, but
first we want them
to learn responsibility
and the importance
of playing
safe. One of the
first things they
should learn is that it is no disgrace to be
passed on the road and no credit to go
past anyway. Taught not how to give
her the gas, but to change a tire.
(Continued on page 308)
This Motorist Has Violated Two Traffic Rules. He
Has Parked in Front of a Fire Plug and His Car is
More Than 12 Inches From the Curb. Carelessness
or Ignorance Won't Help Him in Front of the Judge

Are You a Clutch Rider?
Things You Should Know to Secure Smooth Action
O F all the misnamed parts of an auto- expect to give it the proper care.
mobile — and there are many — Clutches are of two general types, the
there is none worse named than the cone and the multiple disk, the latter beclutch.
If you were to go by the name ing either dry or running in an oil bath.
alone, you would certainly misjudge this The cone clutch is usually built into the
hard - working
flyw heel, the
member griev­
inside of the
ously. To clutch
flywheel's r i m
is to grasp sud­
forming one of
denly, to grab,
the friction
a thing which
surfaces. Often
no well - bred
the other type
clutch will do.
is integral with
If it does it is
t h e crankcase
your fault.
and its oil bath
Why ? Because
is a part of the
you are a clutch
general oil sup­
rider.
ply.
Does your
C l u t c h
foot continual­
troubles are of
ly rest upon the
three kind
pedal controlling
this important
part of
the car? If it
does, you are
u nconsciously
wasting power
and helping to
put the clutch
in such a condition
that it
will soon begin
to grab and slip
p e r m a nently.
Here Is the Correct Foot Position When Driving. Note the Left
Foot Rests Easily Under the Clutch Ready for Instant Action
Your foot, constantly
upon the clutch, naturally exerts
some pressure—however slight it may
be. Even this has a tendency to release
the spring tension and make the clutch
slip. This slipping causes a waste of
power and friction which wears away the
contact surfaces. Then you begin to visit
the repairmen regularly.
On some types of clutches this will
burn out the thrust-bearing. This is due
to the mechanical construction. Don't
do it! It is a bad and expensive habit.
With a little practice your foot will go
automatically into place on the pedal
from its position on the floor.
You must know what sort of clutch is
in your car before you can reasonably
1 ;,
namely, slipping,
grabbing,
and chattering.
If the clutch
is leather faced
the condition of
the leather
should be investigated.
I t
should always
b e reasonably
soft and pliable
and the rivets
by which it is
attached to the
cone should be countersunk so that they
do not project and prevent contact of the
leather with the flywheel. If there are
cork inserts they should be slightly
higher than the facing and easily pressed
down. If they are charred from burning
they must be replaced if the clutch is
ever to give good service again.
The care of this type of clutch is simple.
Neatsfoot oil is the best preparation
for all leather. It should be applied to
the leather after it has been thoroughly
cleaned, and is not needed unless the
leather is dried out or stiff. It is poured
in, just enough to cover the clutch facing.
The oil is spread over the surface
by engaging and disengaging the clutch
271

272
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
with the engine being turned over by
hand.
On the other hand, too much oil will
make the clutch slip, with the resultant
loss of power. Sometimes oil will ooze
in from the engine or transmission and
make the leather greasy. On the road
the best thing to do is to shake in some
French chalk, talc, or Fuller's earth to
absorb the excess of oil and dry the surface.
Use it sparingly. In the garage it
is better to wipe off the surface with
kerosene; gasoline dries too quickly and
hardens the leather.
Frequently a savage clutch is caused
by the same condition that induces slipping,
greater spring pressure making the
difference. The remedy for this is obviously
to give the much needed attention
to the facing and to reduce the spring
pressure to the lightest that will permit
the clutch to hold.
The plates of the dry multiple disk
clutch usually are faced with asbestos.
There is usually an opening in the bottom
of the clutch housing to permit any
oil which works in from engine or transmission
to drain off instead of greasing
the plates and facings. It is very important
to keep these free from oil, for that
will make the clutch slip, and prevent
easy action of the plates. If this kind of
Curing a Valve Stem Rim
Cut
r\ID you ever hear a faint hissing from
a tire and search in vain for the leak,
only to find that the tube had been
slipping inside the casing for perhaps
months until the edge of the valve hole
in the rim had cut completely through
the valve stem ? It often happens, especially
where the rim is old and the edge of
the hole is worn sharp. When such a
thing happens it practically ruins the use
of the tube because putting in a new
valve stem is no small job, and to have it
done at the repair shop costs nearly the
price of a new tube.
A repetition of this annoyance can be
prevented as follows: Enlarge the holes
in the rim and the felly until considerably
larger than the diameter of the valve
stem. Then saw off a piece of metal
tubing slightly longer than the space between
the two holes. With the valve
stem projecting through both holes in the
usual manner, slip the tube down over it
and turn down the dust cap until it bears
up against the top of the tube in the
same manner that it always did.
Locating a Leak in a Metal
Carburetor Float
clutch grips and there is not a lot of
sticky oil on the plates, a trace of oil ap- COME of the most puzzling carburetor
plied to the facing will ease it. Be care- troubles arise from leaking or waterful!
Too much will make it slip. Use logged floats. When the float is of hol­
drops, not a squirt can.
low metal the finding of such a leak is
The wet multiple disk clutch runs in perplexing. Here is a simple way to
oil. It does not require much care other find the leak.
than to clean it out with kerosene when Dip the float completely under in some
the crankcase is cleaned. If it slips there nearly boiling water. If there is gasoline
is nothing to do
in the float the
but to tighten
heat will va­
the spring or
porize it suffi­
to loosen it if
ciently to drive
it grips and is
it out of the
not dirty.
hole in the
Form a habit
form of bub­
of correct drivbles.
Keep the
ing. U s e t h e
float immersed
clutch only
until the bub­
when it is
bles cease, but
necessary —
take it out just
then you will
as soon as they
eliminate most
stop, so that no
of your clutch The Clutch Is an Intricate and Very Delicate Piece of Mechan­ water will en­
troubles.
ism. One of the Most Popular Types Is Shown Above ter the float.

Is Your Generator Degenerating?
By L. J. OLSEN
T O most of us the generator is something
of a mystery, and perhaps it
is well that it is. It is a delicate
mechanism which as long as it is not unduly
tinkered with and is given reasonable
care will continue to give service far
beyond limits we have any right to expect.
Without going into the technical
wherefore and whyfore, there are some
points of generator care and maintenance
which any motorist who really cares for
and is proud of his vehicle, may readily
assimilate and have at his ready call. The
first of these is the frequent reading of
the ammeter mounted on the dash. It is
like the watch on deck ship who calls in
friendly tones, "All's well!" and like any
faithful guard it immediately scents approaching
danger. When the generator
output begins to fall below its normal
rate the little watcher immediately begins
to call for help and it is up to the motorist
to see that help
is given or the
boat is very
liable to be
towed in for
repairs.
After the
generator has
been giving
service for a
c o n s i d e rable
length of time
its bearings
wear slightly
and, as the
c 1 earance between
the armature
and the
fields is not
great, a drag on the lower field is possible
: this immediately cuts down the
charging rate and if this is found to
_
be the trouble a new set ot bearings
must be fitted. This is a serious
repair and the actual work, in general.
must be done by an equipped shop.
Often the falling off in charging rate
is due to carbon-dust having collected,
jammed in the brush holders, and made
the brushes stick. The brushes may have
become glossed with grease. If this is
the case, they should be removed and
dressed oft* with fine sandpaper. When
the brushes are replaced it should be seen
that they work freely and that the tension
of the springs is light, smooth, and even,
so the brush sets firmly and squarely on
the commutator. Or, the commutator
may have become coated with a collection
of grease and carbon-dust. In this event
it should be polished up again with a
piece of 00 sandpaper—never emery.
Copper slivers may have become wedged
between the interstices of the commutator
segments; these slivers should be cleared
away. A generator will nearly always
throw a little more current when cool
than when it warms up; so do not be
alarmed if the charging rate falls a bit
after the motor has heated up.
The front bearings of the generator
are usually oiled by splash from the motor
case, and the rear bearing is usually
fitted wdth an
oil-cup which
the manufacturer
has
placed there in
a sort of trustful
confidence
that the car
owner will,
every three to
five hundred
miles, inject
into it a few
drops of oil.
This is suffi­
cient, for it is
as important
not to get too
much in as it is
to get some in. Oil, except on the bearings,
never did any generator any good.
Occasionally it becomes necessary to
increase the charging output because of
added lights or more frequent starting
and when this is necessary, it is not a
dangerous adjustment to add to the
charging rate by loosening the three
screws which clamp the brush-holder insulator
to the generator case and to ad­
Your Car Is Yours. Know It and Its Attendant Parts, and the
Satisfaction and Pleasure You Will Thus Derive Will Amply
Repay Your Investment
vance the brushes a little further.
273

The World's Longest Passenger Car
T H I S special 8-passenger car, specially
built for an American business man,
is mounted on a standard American
chassis (Pierce-Arrow) which has been
lengthened to such an extent that the car is
now the longest passenger automobile in
the world. It has a wheel base of 156
inches, almost 13 inches longer than the
longest car
built in Ameri
c a and 6
inches longer
than Europe's
longest car. Its
great length is
not the only
unusual feature
of this
machine. In
the tonneau
there is a rear
instrument
board, a duplicate
of the
board carried
in the front
compartment.
Each board has
an altimeter to
show the alti­
tude above sea Note That the Driving and
level when Individual Sets of Recording I
touring, a
of the Many Novel
small trouble
light with extension cord, a large dome
light in the center, a 100-mile speedometer,
an electric clock with illuminated
dial and hands, which is connected directly
to the battery of the car and runs
indefinitely without being wound, an
electric cigar lighter, and an engine thermometer
dial which takes the place of the
274
usual motormeter on the radiator cap. In
the back of the front seat is a small glass
compartment containing drinking cups
and a special faucet for drawing ice
water or other liquid refreshment. The
liquid itself is contained in another compartment
under the floor of the car,
where there is also an ice chest of sufficient
size to
accommodate a
three - gallon
ice-water tank
and three
buckets of
cracked ice.
The water is
forced to the
faucet by an
air pump on
the motor
when the engine
is running,
and by a
small hand
pump when the
engine is not
running. An­
Tonneau Compartments Have
othercompartment below the
rear instrument
board,
which is fitted
with small
doors having
nstruments. This Is Only One
Features of the Car
special frosted
glass
panels, contains
vacuum bottles, knives, forks, plates and
other camping accessories. Under the
floor is another compartment, containing
a Victrola, records, and a kodak. It has
special heavy-type nickel front and rear
bumpers, air springs, and shock absorbers,
trunk rack and rear bumper.
Here Is the World's Longest Passenger Car. It Has a Wheel Base of 156 Inches—13 Inches Longer Than
the Longest Car in America and 6 Inches Longer Than Any European Car

Automatic Brake Control to Prevent
Accidents at Slow Speeds
A SAN FRANCISCO inventor has
just completed a device to take
the place of of a bumper on automobiles,
either passenger cars or trucks.
It is designed to prevent accidents and to
minimize injuries to pedestrians, at
speeds of 15 miles or under, at which
speeds some 62 per
cent of all automotive
accidents in
the United States
occur. The invention,
which has
been patented
under the name of
"Kosac" and is
now being manufactured,
consists
of two sets of contact
bars, or cables,
as may be preferred,
stretched
between two
goose-necks, one of
which extends
from each axle of
the car. The attachment
is installed
on both the
front and rear of
the truck, and projects
about eighteen
or twenty
inches beyond the
chassis at either
end. The whole apparatus being compact
and light.
A minimum of 15 pounds' pressure,
applied to these contact bars, pulls the
outer ends of the goosenecks inward and
completes an electrical contact which sets
the brakes, cuts off ignition and starts
the horn blowing. The cutting off of
ignition, of course, assists in the braking
of the car through compression, and a
series of experiments shows that this
stoppage was completed in one-third the
time and less than one-half the distance
required for a very skilled driver to
perform the same operation with foot
or hand brakes and his ignition cut-off.
No attempt is made to claim anything
The Instant an Object or Pedestrian Is Struck, the
Bumper Mechanism Applies the Brakes and Cuts Off
the Ignition
for the invention when cars are running
at speeds beyond 20 miles an hour, except
to minimize results of collisions, and
to reduce injuries to pedestrians, through
the resiliency of the contact bars or
cables. Because of the almost immediate
stopping of the car, the danger of
running over pedestrians,
should
they be struck with
force enough to
knock them down,
is minimized, and,
owing to the projecting
character
of the contact bars,
the tendency is to
carry the pedestrian
on the bars
and radiator, if the
accident be serious,
rather than to
throw him to one
side.
One of the most
im p o r t a n t uses
claimed for the
new device is in
the protection of
parked cars. The
car equipped with
from behind or in
the automatic
brake and ignition
control, if bumped
by a car, either
front, automatically
blows its own horn, and continues
blowing it until the pressure is removed,
thus warning the moving driver of the
presence of the car, even during the absence
of its owner or driver. The device
also can be used from the dashboard.
Either feature, by an arrangement on the
dashboard, can be eliminated. Thus,
when the driver parks his car, he sets
his brakes and cuts off all the automatic
devices except the horn. When he is
running, he can cut off the horn, if he so
desires. When he wishes to eliminate
the brake control, as when passing over
brush-grown country roads, or leaving
the road to pass another car or to strike
275

276 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
out across country, he can cut off the
entire device, the inner mechanism then
riding on the brake rod, without any
hindrance to the operation of hand or
foot brakes or the horn.
In short, when the car is in motion,
traveling either forward or backward,
the invention automatically stops the car
Plan View Showing How the Device Works from the
Front and Rear Bumpers. When Parked, Touching
the Car Sounds the Horn
by applying the brakes, and simultaneously
cuts off ignition, bringing compression
to the aid of the brakes and
insuring against fire after the accident.
When the driver presses the little button
within easy reach on the dashboard, the
device stops the car much quicker than
the usual way. This is of tremendous
value in an emergency, when fractions of
seconds saved often mean averted accidents,
and preserved lives and property.
When the car is parked, the invention
sounds the horn whenever anything
touches the car at either end. The horn
Have You an Illuminated
Radiator Cap?
^\NE of the recent additions to the
^"^ radiator cap family has a two-point
illumination. At both ends of the bar
are small electric lights, furnished in
plain, frosted or colored bulbs.
The wiring is connected in the
regular way with the battery
and is protected from moisture
and stray leaks from the
cooling system. Besides
its attractiveness,
the cap makes
an ideal parking
light, illumination
for the motormeter,
and a handy
socket for connecting
the trouble No Fcar of Accident t0 the
lamp. This Radiator
Spring Cover Has an Invisible
Fastener
DROTECTION of the springs of the
car from everything in the form of
water, dust and dirt which might prove
detrimental is something to be seriously
considered. It prolongs the life of the
springs themselves, eliminates annoying
squeaks and adds materially to the comfort
of riding.
The cover encloses the spring from
clip to shackle with the guide completely
enclosed. One of its features, upon
which considerable emphasis is laid by
the maker, is a system of invisible fastening.
Underneath the fastening, a
tongue of leather runs the full length of
the cover, preventing wrinkles and giving
double protection throughout.
Still another feature worthy of mention
is the leather flanges or tubes on
both sides of the straps. These flanges
Laced in This Cover a Spring Keeps Its Flexible
Qualities a Long Time with the All-Important Feature
of Being Constantly Lubricated
grip the ends of the spring tightly when
the cover is buckled up and prevent
water, dirt and dust from reaching it.
This provides trible protection at the
ends—the two flanges and the strap
pulled up between them.
Specially prepared cable cord, durable
and damp-resisting, is used for lacing
the covers. The leather used in the production
of the covers is specially treated
for the purpose, the right proportion
of grease being
worked into each hide. Each
cover is strained onto the
spring and as a consequence
presents a neat appearance.
In regard to
lubrication, before
fitting the covers
the springs are
well smeared with
a suitable grease—
Parked Car Which Carries t w ° pOUnds being
illumination sufficient.

A new rim anvil straightens
wire wheels or split rims
and is used for any repair
work upon automobile
wheel rims
The mechanic's foot raises
or lowers the headrest of
this new creeper, thus relieving
the neck strain
Along Boulevard de Motors
Look what Paris did to Henry's flivver. Anyway
the cabby won't have to worry about his horse
having colic.
For those who wish wayside refreshments
comes this automobile
table
A new inner tube of corrugated rubber is
thick, soft and pliable. It is said to give
surprising mileage.
The extreme simplicity and precision
of this governor are apparent. It
has a compensating feature for advancing
and retarding the spark
The exhaust gases running
through tubes heat
the gasoline mixture for
the best possible results
Watch your car these
days. Even if chained to
a post the thief is liable
to remove the wheel
If you have nerves don't
attempt this stunt. The
rider, Patrick Aherne, is
going 20 miles an hour
277

A Practical Sportsman's Trunk
By FRED BRADFORD ELLSWORTH
T H E rough usage trunks are subject
to by careless, disinterested drivers
of express companies, baggagemen
in depots and on trains, etc., is deplorable.
I have frequently seen them grab
a trunk on a wagon by one handle, give
it a jerk and let it fall with a smash to
the ground; I have seen them drop
trunks out of car doors, striking hard
platforms with a crash, or throw them
onto a truck.
I'll bet the noise of breaking trunks
daily reverberates to the souls of departed
trunk makers and is sweet music
to them. But to you and me, who have
to pay for the fun, it is anything but
amusing.
While your trunk may safely reach the
station it is checked to, the camp you
contemplate visiting may be miles away
and usually is if good sport is to be obtained.
And here is where your trunk
in all probability
will receive its
worst treatment.
When you get off
the train a vehicle
is waiting (sometimes
not) to take
you, and usually
others, to the camp.
You are informed
that the trunks will
follow in another
conveyance. Generally
the mode of
transportation is a
common lumber
wagon. Upon this
the trunks are
thrown, sometimes
others on top of
them, with nothing
packed between or
beneath to prevent
injury. A rope is
tied around them
to prevent falling
out and they start
on their journey.
If the road is
rough, they are
jolted and jammed
278
Especially Designed for the Sportsman This Trunk
Has Trays So Arranged as to Handle Every Kind
of Equipment
and possibly broken by the time they
arrive. Should it rain the chances are
there is no tarpaulin to protect them, and
they are soaked, possibly ruined.
One time I visited a camp in northern
Minnesota that was about twenty-five
miles from the railroad, and I had a new
trunk with me. The road was abominable,
more trail than anything else. The
baggage arrived in good shape, under the
circumstances, the passengers pretty sore
and imagining they had shook a few
teeth. When the time came to leave
camp, there had been heavy rains and
you can imagine the going. The road
looked like a canal. "Ought to row in,"
I suggested to one of the passengers.
"You mean swim," he corrected, smiling.
Our trunks had preceded us and we naturally
supposed were properly looked
after. But "arriving" and "leaving"
some camps are two very different prop­
ositions, especially
if they don't expect
to see you
again. "Going in"
you are taking a
bank roll, but
"going out," you
are not encumbered
with it—that's the
difference.
On the way we
noticed several
places where the
baggage wagon
had been stuck in
the mud, strenuous
efforts made by the
decrepit horses to
pull it out, and
there were indications
of shovels
having been used.
In a little while we
came across an old,
long-whiskered fellow,
who looked
like a grave-digger,
carrying a
couple of shovels,
and asked for the
baggage wagon.

"Got stuck back there," he said, with a
grin, "and one of the trunks fell off."
Shortly I saw a canteen that belonged
to me in the road, then a pair of hunting
boots and other articles as we went along.
A mile farther another solicitous native
informed us that a
worn - out whiffietree
bolt had
broken and he had
supplied a new
one. Not far from
the depot we overt
o o k the wagon
and you can imagine
what the
trunks looked like,
especially mine.
Right then and
there I made up
my mind that when
I reached home I
would have a trunk
made especially for
outing purposes. I
had thought of it
many times before,
realizing the average
trunk was not
strong enough;
that the bottom and
trays were not partitioned
off in proper spaces, so that when
packed any article could be-found without
having to unpack or rummage
through it.
On leaving home for an outing the
weather may be hot and one dressed in
light summer clothing. After traveling
several hundred miles the temperature
may possibly change and on reaching
one's destination found to be cold. Then
it's necessary to get out an overcoat,
possibly change to outing clothing, or if
the weather is inclement put on a raincoat
and hat, especially if a long drive has
to be made and the vehicle is unprotected.
Maybe a canoe trip is to be taken, for
which the essential things will have to be
packed in duffle bags. Or perhaps your
equipment will be packed in over trails.
At any rate, if you have a properly arranged
trunk how easily and pleasantly
everything can be accomplished!
The trunk I designed was about the
size of a steamer trunk. The inside of
the trunk was 36 inches long, 21 inches
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 279
The Chest Is Used to Pack Outing Clothes and
Fishing Tackle. Note the Tray Depth and Convenient
Way in Which the Compartments Are Blocked
Out
wide and I3y inches deep. It weighed
about 60 pounds and cost $35. Of
course, today, when everything is so reasonable
(?) the price would be considerably
more. The material used in making
this trunk was 3-ply basswood, with hard
vulcanized fiber
outside and in, and
for bindings riveted
together. The
inside was lined
with duck lining.
The hardware was
of steel and the
lock of solid brass.
Straps on a trunk
are absolutely no
good. Are an added
expense and are
soon cut up or
broken. There was
a space 5}/_ inches
in depth allowed
in the bottom of
the trunk. A space
partitioned off in
the back 5 inches
wide, running
the full length for
shotgun and rifle.
In front, a similar
space, divided off
into compartments in which to place such
things as ammunition, canteen, aluminum
camp cook kit, tackle box, clothes hangers,
and so forth. The space left in the middle
was 11 inches wide, and utilized for
poncho, knapsack, raincoat, hunting
clothes, leggings, and whatever other
clothing one might desire.
Above this was a tray five inches deep.
In back a space five inches wide partitioned
off and divided into three compartments
twelve inches long, running
the full length. These were for boot oil,
hunting boots, canoe moccasins, and
leather-soled slipper moccasins and
woolen slippers for camp use. In front
were three compartments 16 by 12
inches. The one on the left side for two
woolen shirts, two suits woolen underwear,
two pairs woolen stockings, four
pairs woolen socks. The middle space
for pajamas, bathing suit, Turkish
towels, wash cloths, soap, handkerchiefs,
belts, laces, garters, etc. The right side
compartment for hats, caps, gloves, solid

280 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
alcohol, sterno stove for shaving and partitioned off into different sized com­
other purposes, medicine kit, etc. I had partments. There is a tray in the top
a few loose partitions for this tray so as for smaller articles. There are two iron
to separate some of the smaller articles handles on each end, a Yale lock and a
if desired. And some of the partitions base with strong brass casters. I find
in the bottom were made removable so this chest very convenient in every way.
spaces could be enlarged or diminished When outfitting for different kinds of
if desired. The top tray had a cover to expeditions, I can go to my different
it for extra protection and was 3 inches things and quickly select just what is
deep with cieats grooved out for two- necessary and pack trunks in a hurry.
piece rods. My 6-foot bait casting rods I'm a stickler for system and guess it
have to be carried in a case because of was bred in me. To show you how sys­
length of tips. In this tray was all kinds tematic and infallible I am, I'll cite an
of space for tackle, such as lines, sinkers, instance: One time I engaged steamer
hooks, spoons, leaders, etc., gaff, re­ accommodations by telephone, the day of
volver landing net, head net, flask com­ sailing, packed a trunk in record time and
pass, flash light, match box, hammer, had it expressed to the wharf, jumped
nails, screw eyes, and clothes hooks, into a taxi and reached the dock near
which come in mighty handy when ar­ sailing time. To my amazement I found
ranging things in a cabin.
myself without funds. But the agent be­
In addition to a rod trunk I designed ing apprised of my plight helped me out
for salt-water tackle, a rod cabinet and and I slipped across the gang plank just
cabinet for outing clothing, I made a about as they were to haul it in. Then
chest out of pine wood to keep all kinds in about an hour I'd like to have fallen
of tackle in, when not in use. The chest apart. Had forgotten to recheck my
is 31 by 18 by 14 inches. The bottom is trunk which arrived two weeks later.
To Change the Tone of an Automobile Horn
DUTTING an additional horn on a
speedster or other car will add to its
distinctness considerably, but not all of
us are able to buy the extra horn required.
Very much the same effect may be secured
in another way, using only one
horn, and it is possible to provide three or
more different sounds, which might be
taken for as many horns.
The sound of the horn varies with the
speed of the motor, and also with the
intensity of the blow struck by the revolving
ratchet. This latter is adjustable.
The motors driving horns are small
series-wound motors and the speed can
be varied by changing the voltage supplied
to the motor. This may be done
in several ways. A resistance may be
cut in the line when a second button is
pressed, or the resistance may have several
taps and buttons. If there is one
of those small circular rheostats lying
around unused it will be the very thing.
How much of it to use will depend upon
the characteristics of the particular horn.
Another way in which the voltage may
be regulated is by taking off a tap from
the middle cell of the battery, thus getting
4 volts instead of 6 on a 3-cell battery
or 8 or 10 on a 6-cell battery.
If a switch is placed in the horn line
you can "kill" the horn while the car is
parked, thus preventing mischievous boys
from playing wdth it.
Waterproofing Canvas Tents
There are many formulae for waterproofing
canvas, but one of the best is as
follows:
Dissolve y2 lb. alum in 4 gals, of soft
water. Also, in a separate dish, dissolve
y2 lb. sugar of lead in 4 gals, of water.
Let both batches stand until clear, then
pour the alum water into a clean dish and
add the sugar of lead solution. Allow
this to stand and then pour off the clear
solution into a shallow tub and thoroughly
soak the canvas in it. Squeeze
out all surplus solution and then stretch
the canvas out into shape and dry.
Brush out all remaining powder.
Canvas treated in this way will be fireproof
as well as waterproof.

The Nineteenth Rough Diamond
T A K E eighteen
rough d i a -
monds, young
and vigorous, turn
them loose on a
nineteenth rough
diamond, add a ball,
a bat, a catcher's
mask, and a "very
congregational
lynch-law sound"
punctuated with
yells of "Slide Kelly,
slide!" or "Kill that
umpire!" — and lo,
you have our national
game almost
anywhere. On the
village green, for instance,
if your village
affords a green.
On the "sand lots." Or out yonder at the
edge of the city, where the pound used to
be, and a dump still is, and where billboards
make a capital backstop.
Just this ease of marking off a diamond
almost anywhere is what eventually
lines Babe Ruth's pockets with
gold and gives Judge Landis a salary
like a film star's.
But, whenever you find eighteen
rough diamonds playing ball on a nineteenth
as rough, you suspect that somewhere
behind the scenes lurk some enterprising
citizens who have found that
there is no way of maintaining cordial
relations with growing boys which
quite equals the diplomacy of giving
them a chance to play ball.
Pick a level field, preferably two
hundred and thirty-five feet square.
Mark off a diamond measuring ninety
feet along each side. If feasible, let
the sides run oblique to the outer boundaries
of the field. Get a five-sided
home plate, made properly of whitened
rubber, and plant it so that two of its
sides will extend twelve inches along
the lines of the diamond from the
angle. Opposite the point run a line
seventeen inches long and connected
with the ends of the twelve-inch sides
by lines eight and a half inches long.
On both sides of the home plate, place
the batter's box, six inches away from
it. They must measure six feet one
way by four the other, with the longer
side facing the home plate. Immediately
behind the home plate, provide
the catcher's place on a gradually sloping
mound not more than fifteen inches
higher and within a triangle made by
extending the sides of the diamond and
connecting them by a line ten feet from
the point of the plate. Now draw a
coacher's line at right angles to the
side of the diamond, fifteen feet from
first base measuring along the line from
the home plate to first base. Draw another
at right angles to this and parallel
to the side of the diamond and extending
out a little beyond the base. At
third base, provide a similar coacher's
line. Finally, mark foul lines on the
fence—that is, unless you prefer to use
foul flags—and there you are gentlemen,
with a diamond worthy of the
game and of yourselves.
But others, too, are there—or will
be—and it remains to control the spectators.
Give them a simple bench two
hundred feet long, parallel to the base
and foul lines and at least thirty feet
away, on each side of the diamond,
starting near the backstop and ending
in the outfield. Or perhaps you can
afford a grandstand. If so, have a
space of at least thirty feet between it
and the home plate.
COACHERS LINE 3 8 ° BASE
y'CATCHERS' BOX
\
5ACKSTOP
COACHER'S LIME
One Really Can't Go Far Wrong in Marking Out a
Baseball Diamond When a Clear Diagram Like the
One Above Is Available
281

282
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
A Bench Aid for the Woodworker
For the home mechanic who makes
mission furniture, for the pattern maker,
and for all woodworkers in general, the
little bench device illustrated will prove
to be a great help in holding and quickly
handling boards and lumber.
It consists of two loose pieces shaped
as shown, the front piece having two pins
more dented and battered than the main
can itself ? The lid can be rescued from
this treatment by attaching it by a light
chain or wire to the fence or wall near
which the refuse-receptacle stands. When
the receptacle is to be emptied, the main
can only is taken from its location and
when it is returned to its place the lid
has been saved many a clattering bump.
c^~J
PIVOT H0LE6X
• X •
SECTION THROUGH
CLAMP JAW _)
^ g g S ^ g ^ . ^ wiiiimitiimmiiii
The Board Is Slid in from the Heel End and Clamps Automatically While the
Plane Is Working Upon It
which fit into holes in the front edge of
the work bench, while the rear jaw pivots
on a pin and is free to move. A series
of holes are drilled so as to allow the
device to be used on any sized lumber.
Its action is simple and quick, holding
the board perfectly vertical, and parallel
to the front edge of the work bench.
The board is slid in from the heel end,
and on striking the slanting side of the
toe, forces it away, thereby bringing the
heel against the board with a powerful
clamping action. The harder the plane
pulls, the tighter the device holds, being
much better and handier, also quicker,
than the usual woodworkers' vice.
Rescuing the Lid
It seems to be the pet whim of everyone
who handles it to drop, bang, roll,
or lose the lid or cover for the ordinary
round ash or kitchen-refuse can. Have
you ever noticed that it is invariably
PIVOT BOLT'
Outwitting the Finger Marks
The present popularity of white, gray,
or ivory enamel woodwork adds no doubt
to our sense of residing in surroundings
of absolute cleanliness. But, in moments
of hurry or unconscious carelessness,
finger prints will get on the woodwork,
the doors in particular. If the space
where the hand is instinctively brought
to bear is covered with a glass plate, it
will add not only to the ease of cleaning,
but will also present a neat decorative
appearance. The glass plates can be
made of ordinary glass ground on the
edges with an emery wheel and then
drilled with two holes at the ends in
order that they may be attached to the
face of the door. One takes some risk in
handling glass and if one is not adept in
its handling, it is cheaper and easier to
purchase piates three by twelve inches at
the hardware stores for about fifty cents
each.

Modernizing an Old Sewing Machine
By LOUIS J. BECKER
M O D E R N mothers and housekeepers
are up to date; they are not satisfied
with home equipment that is
not up to the minute. They want the latest
improvements and the best that modern
ingenuity can devise.
One of these
latest is the portable
electric sewing
machine. Many
mothers and housewives
have a perfectly
good oldfashioned
machine
but wish that they
had, instead, one of
the new electric,
portable models.
WIRES TO LAMP
That is natural, but With the Cabin

284 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Old Hacksaw Blade Makes Small
Screwdriver
The small screwdriver that came
with the drawing outfit was lost so a
screwdriver was made out of a piece
of hacksaw blade. The metal was
mini in xih i ! /x:!. 111111111:11^^
Hacksaw Blade Makes Screwdriver
ground to the shape shown in the illustration
and it made an excellent screwdriver.
Let the Vacuum Cleaner Break In
Your New Pipe
A member of the pipe smoker's fraternity
has developed a new use for the
vacuum sweeper. For those in whose
homes the electric cleaner forms part of
the domestic equipment, the breaking in
of a new pipe now holds no dread.
The first few pipefuls of a new pipe
are distasteful to pipe smokers universally,
because of the unpleasant bite of
Pull the Sting of a New Pipe with the Family
Vacuum Cleaner. It Does the Job Well
the tobacco smoke mixed with the fumes
of varnish, which the burning tobacco
draws out of the bowl of the pipe. Later,
as the varnish is burned out of the bowl
and the tobacco crusts the interior, the
sting is lost. The smoking of these first
pipefuls, the "breaking in" of the new
pipe, may be delegated to the vacuum
suction cleaner.
To the ordinary cleaner the regular
hose and one of the attachments, tapering
to a small opening to fit the pipe
stem, are affixed. The pipe is then filled
with tobacco, the stem of the pipe inserted
in the attachment, and the motor
started. A match is then held to the
tobacco and the suction of air through
the pipe ignites the tobacco and causes
it to glow. To prevent too rapid a
burning of the tobacco, the motor should
be stopped at intervals during the process.
After the burning out of a pipeful,
the pipe should be allowed to cool with
the tobacco ash in the bowl. Eight or
ten pipefuls smoked by the vacuum
cleaner in this manner will put the pipe
in good smoking condition.
If the smoker has no vacuum cleaner,
he can remove much of the bite by soaking
his new pipe in water for a day or
two, but this will take away the luster
of the pipe. If a pipe is soaked in water,
the water should be changed whenever it
becomes murky.
After the pipe is broken in, it should
be cleaned after each smoke with a pipe
cleaner. Pipe makers claim that if several
pipes are used alternately the smoke
will be much sweeter.
Clothespin Makes an Excellent
Testing Clip
A common clothespin can be made
into a quick-acting testing clip or circuit
connector for experimental electrical
apparatus.
Choose a pin with good, clear grain
and with considerable springiness in the
tines. Cut out a piece of thin spring
metal the width of the tines and long
enough to double up and fit in between
them. Rivet each side to a tine with
split rivets. The connecting wire should
be wound about the pin and connected to
one rivet.
Simply force the clothespin onto the
other terminal of the circuit and the contact
is made. Pull it off the terminal
and contact is broken.
This makes a cheap clip and one that
works as well as the kind provided with
spring contacts.

Repairing Cracks in Hard Rubber Storage
Battery Jars
By W. S. STANDIFORD
STORAGE batteries are in extensive done. Upon cooling, the break is re­
use for both automobile and radio paired.
work, and the best ones are enclosed Should one of these old-style records
in hard rubber containers. It frequently be unobtainable, a filling mixture can be
happens that such a jar gets cracked and made by melting together a compound
is rendered useless and has to be thrown composed of 50 per cent paraffin wax,
away. The writer has found out that 25 per cent beeswax, 120 per cent
such a course is not necessary, as a satis­ rosin and 20 per cent powdered pumfactory
repair job can be done.
ice stone. The above will give good in­
Take a three-cornered file and widen the sulating and sealing results and stand
crack to a V-shape; also have the large acids. If a person does not care to mix
opening face towards the outside. Next up the formula outlined and wants some­
get an old-style wax Edison cylinder thing simpler, some of the automobile
phonograph record and cut a stick tire cements for patches, as well as a
lengthwise out of it; take your hot solder­ black dough that comes in cans, will do
ing iron, place the box on its side, and, very nicely. It is best in all cases to
holding the material over the crack, run widen the crack at its top so as to get a
it into the fracture. The hot iron oper­ lot of cement in, as it holds better while
ates nicely and allows neat work to be the battery is in use.
Clamping Heavy Materials to the
Clothesline
Thick material usually proves too
much for the ordinary kind of clothespin
which, of course, has only a certain
amount of spring in it. When this
amount is exceeded, it either breaks the
clothespin or
F1GI BIRDS EYE VIEW OF
CLOTHES PIN IN PLACE
ON LINE~-\ —
T__
FitTI pin IN~~TLTOI='
BOUND OFF CORNERS
Showing How the Pin
Clamps Materials to the
Line
causes it to slip off
the line.
When you want
to hold thick,
heavy material on
the line, make sev-
_ral pins like the
one shown in
the i 11 u s t r a t ion.
They are pieces of
flat board sawed
out in two places.
To fasten the pin slip it over as shown
on the dotted lines, pull it around and
push the tapered end over the line.
Hairpin Makes an Excellent Picture
Hook
An artist recently exhibited a large
number of small, framed watercolor
sketches in a small country town not
able to boast of an exhibition hall
suitable for the purpose. The schoolhouse
was used for the purpose and
when it came to hanging the pictures,
those in charge decided that no nails
should be driven in the walls. As nearly
a hundred pictures were to be exhibited,
the artist was puzzled to know what to
do, but finally hit
upon the following
scheme:
He bought some
of the heaviest
hairpins he could
find and made a
double bend in
them somewhat
after the form of a
picture hook. Then
he purchased some
"lattice" molding
at the lumber yard
Twisted in the Manner
Shown, the Hairpin Securely
Holds a Picture
and suspended pieces at various heights
along the wall by cords attached to the
ends and fastened to hooks at the top of
the wall.
The hairpin hooks were then hung
over the edge of the lattice and the pictures
hung in the projecting parts. So
why buy picture hangers when hairpins
will do as well?
285

286 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Easing Your Arm with the Ironing
Arm
There is usually a "string" to a good
thing—like the cord attached to the useful
electric iron. Plowever, that dragging
cord—a weekly bother with un­
pleasant possibilities—can be forgotten
by using such an arm as illustrated.
Attachment is made with one hand
and, with the "power" wound up for
either right hand or left, there is nothing
to do but iron. The cord is always out
of the way of iron and operator, and
with no "pull" that is perceptible.
This contrivance is homemade, with
material found in almost any house. The
bamboo arm should have a butt end of
about 1 inch inside diameter and be as
nearly 3 feet long as joints will allow to
clear 6 inches at the butt and 4 inches
at the tip.
For the "power" cord, select 2 feet
of ordinary wrapping twine, size of a
parlor match. Knot securely a doubled
length of 5 inches, and in the doubled
end suspend the arm with a doublepointed
tack at each side, as shown, at
the butt-end side of the joint.
The spool should be such as sold with
sewing thread. Suspend this, loosely, in
the doubled twine with a tack at each
side. The wire plunger is an 8-inch
length of lard-pail bail or about No. 14
wire, and a 2-inch gate hook. Connect
these, with an end of each bent like a
screw eye, and insert the gate hook screw
eye 5 inches from the joint, at the top of
the arm. All of these parts may be
found around the house.
The end of the "power" cord secures
the pincher-like grip made with two
wooden pieces, each y inch thick and
3 inches long. Cut the pincher piece A,
\y2 inches wide, with a 1-inch cut-out
at one corner to fit over 5-piece, 1 inch
wide. With a screw, hinge these together
to open yf\ inch at their ends for
the appliance cord, as shown. Round off
the pinching surface before cutting the
groove in B-piece. Insert a small screw
eye in the end of 5-piece, draw the
"power" cord through it, and knot
through a hole in the center end of A—
enough to permit opening the grip at
right angles.
To secure the appliance cord at the tip
of the arm, a large hairpin can be used
with one prong bent into a J4 _ inch hook
that will "spring" into the tip opening.
Fill the butt end with shot and plug with
a cord, secured with two brads in the
bamboo rim.
With the spool centered between the
grip and arm, wind to the desired tension
for right hand or left, and connect the
wire plunger with the end extending
about 2 inches out of the spool. The
arm can be fixed at any height and as
much cord allowed at the tip as desired,
for the two-way action will cover any
ironing territory in use.
The Proper Way to File Bearing
Shims
When fitting up the bearings of the
automobile engine, it is often necessary
to file down and make thinner the shims
which separate the two parts of the bear-
Set Upon a Flat Surface Bearing Shims Can Be
Filed Much More Easily

ing, and which are inserted to allow for
adjustment.
The improper filing of these shims will
always result in a bearing which is a
misfit, due to the unevenness of the
shim. Use a fine flat file, and try to
file evenly across the whole surface. To
make the filing easy, use a block, as
shown in the sketch, and three small finishing
nails, as shown, to hold the shim
in place on the block. Drive the heads
a little lower than the top surface of the
shim.
Check carefully with a micrometer on
at least three spots, marked XXX in the
illustration. By using a micrometer, a
check can also be made on the amount of
metal removed.
Bearings fitted with shims filed down
in this manner will always spot evenly
the entire length of the bearing, as the
whole assembly is kept parallel.
A Safety Shield for the Hand Saw
to Keep It Sharp
To keep it sharp the man who owns a
finely sharpened saw usually desires to
give it some protection from other tools
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 287
GROOVED STICK-
A Saw Protected in This Manner Keeps in Edge in
Any Kind of Tool Box or Bag
in the kit. Also when carrying it in
crowds some means should be provided
to prevent the teeth from catching in
other person's clothes. Such a shield can
be easily made as follows:
Saw a slot lengthwise in a piece of
soft wood the length of the sawblade and
about 1 inch square. Cut out two wide
bands from the cross section of an old
inner tube and tack one band to each end
of the stick so the slot will be uppermost.
Slip the saw blade in the slot and
then stretch one band over the end of the
blade and hook the other one over the
handle, in a slot of the fretwork.
The tension of the rubber will keep
the teeth in the shield and thus protect
them from contact with objects tending
to dull them.
Shields for your edged tools will keep
them always sharp.
Repairing Wagon-Wheel
Tires and Rims
Accidents to the tires and rims of
wagon wheels, such as the breaking of
the tire or the splitting of the rims,
can be repaired in a temporary way,
EMERG-HCY CLIP
Ysb -TEEL CLIP—.
TIRE
FELLOE
BREAK IN TIRE
V,!," STOVE BOLTS
SPOKE |y ,
SPLIT FELLOE:
It Is Almost a Lost Art. That of Fixing Wagon
Wheels. But We Must Know in Case of Necessity
which will give many more days of service
before necessitating renewals or
permanent repairs. Oftentimes it happens,
while one is on the road and far
from a blacksmith shop, that one's tire
breaks and threatens to come off of the
rim.
A piece of wire should be carried under
the seat for just this emergency.
Several turns around the broken tire will
hold it in place until a clip can be placed
over the break, such as is shown in the
sketch.
This clip is made out of 1-16 inch
sheet iron, and clamps over the tire and
the felloe of the wheel, using a 3-16
inch stove bolt as shown. A slight nick
in the rim, made for the bolt to rest in,
prevents the clip from rotating or slipping
on the rim.
Split rims are also a common cause
of trouble. They are readily and permanently
repaired by using two small steel
plates, one on either side of the rim, as
shown. As the splits invariably occur at
the junction of the spokes, it is advisable
to place a bolt on each side of the spoke,
which, when drawn up, will pull the
rim split together and tighten the spoke
as well.
When the small steel plates are not
available, two 3-16 inch stove bolts, and
washers, used beneath the heads and
nuts, will answer.

288
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vermin Kept from Gnawing Fences
by Use of Tar Paper
In some localities vermin such as
mice, rats, ants, etc., gnaw their way
through a wooden fence as though it did
not exist. One way to prevent this
trouble is to protect the part of the fence
underground with tar paper. Tar is
This Fence Aid is Not Only Vermin-proof, But it Also
Acts As a Wood Preservative
abhorred by such vermin and will give as
good protection as sheet iron.
Dig a trench along the fence at least
a foot deep and set a length of tar paper
against the fence, tacking it in position
a few inches above ground. See that the
bottom of the fence comes above the bottom
of the paper.
If the posts only are below ground it
is a good plan to nail narrow poultry
netting from post to post and rest the
paper against that, tacking it to the fence
along the top edge of the paper.
Beautifying Small Plaster Statuary
Common white plaster statuary can be
greatly improved in appearance by giving
it a coating of gold paint, and when dry
recoating it with a thin mixture of burnt
umber, japan dryer, and turpentine.
While the latter mixture is still wet, it
should be wiped off on the high light and
smooth surfaces. After this has dried,
the statuary can be given a coating of
very thin white shellac or lacquer. The
statuary will then have the effect of being
a beautiful solid bronze piece.
Steering an Outboard Motor Boat
from the Front
Did you ever stop to think how handy
it would sometimes be if you could steer
your row-boat, equipped with an outboard
motor, from the bow ?
To date manufacturers of outboard
motors have made no provision for steer­
ing other than to sit in the stern and
grasp the steering handle of the motor.
This fault, however, can be remedied
with no trouble at all.
Arrange several pulleys around the inside
of the gunwale. Then tie a steering
rope to the tiller—each one just long
enough to reave through the pulleys and
meet in the center of the bow. A snap
hook on each rope will enable you quickly
to snap them together. Thus by pulling
these ropes either one way or the other
from the bow or anywhere on each side,
the tiller will be moved and the course
of the boat changed.
Still Another Use for the Safety
Razor Blade
Recently I purchased one of the
latest tools for trimming gold letters
on glass. I found that the bladeholding
jaws would not open wide
enough to accommodate one type of
safety razor blade—the one without the
back. Instead of adapting the holder
to the blade I adapted the blade to the
holder. Two file cuts all the way
around the back of the blade permitted
a section to be lifted out on each
side so as to allow insertion in the
holder. The two sections of the back
still remaining on the blade prevented
the blade from slipping out of the
holder when in use, a mishap that
sometimes occurs with the plain blade.

Built of Hollow Tile and Stucco
By C H A R L E S A L M A BYERS
T H E small one-story house of seven
rooms and bath shown above,
which, as will be seen, possesses an
unusually attractive exterior and a delightfully
planned interior, is built of hollow
building tile, the walls being finished
outside with cement-stucco and tinted a
light shade of cream.
The roof of the front portion consists
of red roofing tile, but the rear portion is
of composition, laid on a flat surface,
where the top of
the walls is finished
with a sort of roofing-tile
cornice.
The foundation is
of concrete, but
above the ground
is surfaced with
red brick. Brick is
also used as a part
of the trim, and is
supplemented b y
the introduction of
ornamental panels
at the sides of the
windows. These
panels are of cast
or molded composition,
tinted in deep
cream and bluish
gray.
By referring to
the floor plan, it
will be seen that
the interior is planned both economically
and conveniently, very little floor space
being given over to hallway. A built-in
buffet is a feature of the dining room and
of the breakfast room. The hall contains
an excellent built-in linen cabinet and the
kitchen is equipped with draft coolercloset,
roomy cupboards and the other
usual conveniences.
The woodwork- of the living room, dining
room and den consists of pine fini
s h e d i n light
French gray, with
a small amount of
mahogany trim.
and the walls of
these rooms are
given a cementplaster
finish and
painted in oil. The
woodwork finish of
the bedrooms, hall
and breakfast room
is old ivory, while
in the bathroom
and kitchen it is
white enamel. The
walls of the bathroom
are finished
with tile wainscoting,
and those of
the kitchen are enameled
like the
woodwork in any
color desired.
289

290
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Who's to Blam
(Continued f.
second, the program of "tightening up"
on divorce ?
"No," says a Chicago judge. "In the
first place, in Chicago at least, there is
very little 'tightening' that can be done.
The Chicago courts are no 'easy-divorce'
mill. Every effort is made to reconcile the
couples which appear ; one of our judges
recently worked himself to the verge of
nervous collapse trying to salvage as
many marriages as possible.
"We argue, plead, and wax stern, as
the occasion suggests. But if a couple is
determined, irreconcilable, what can we
do ? Denying them a divorce might help
the statistics, but it wouldn't help the
situation. We should have fewer divorces
perhaps—and we should also have more
extra-marital relations, desertions and
other troubles. No, let's get at the causes
of divorce, rather than try to gloss over
the consequences they produce."
If then we accept the previous diagnosis
of cause as true, this judge's attitude
brings us once more to the third program
—the program of education and guidance.
It is, of course, an uphill program; it
calls for a lot more hard work, patience
and devotion, than any of the "cure-all"
gestures we hear proposed. But after all,
is that not the way most human progress
is made—by hard work and patient education
of the race, rather than by sweeping
legal or moral gestures ?
Our sociologist has a thought which
puts the case clearly. "Suppose," he says.
"instead of pinning our gaze right down
to present day details, we stand off and
get a bit of perspective. Suppose we view
divorce today and last century against
their respective economic and social backgrounds,
that we 'see the pictures in their
frames.' A lot of the blackness will disappear.
"Consider the life of the average workman
a century ago. His working hours
were from sunrise to sunset, and more in
winter. Twelve to fifteen hours was the
universal rule. With the crude tools mankind
had, and the general lack of economic
organization, the race as a whole
had to work that long every day, in order
to provide enough for its subsistence.
"The woman's lot was no better. Take
lighting, for example. The city housewife
; for Divorce?
in page 1SS)
of today turns a switch, or lights the gas;
in by-gone days she had to clean and fill
lamps. Again, the housewife of a century
ago had no labor-saving devices whatever.
Often she made the clothes, even to spinning
the yarn and weaving the cloth, in
addition to her other duties. She made her
own soap and butter.
"When night came for such couples,
they were glad enough to tumble into bed.
Uncongenial they may have been; but
they were too tired to know it. Life was
a grim race, in which few people indeed
were more than half a jump ahead of the
wolf at the door. People had little time
or energy with which to ask themselves
whether they were unhappy, and still less
for doing anything about it if they were.
"This was a century ago, it is true.
But even so, until recent years hard work
has been the rule. Even today, there is
some 'pioneering,' with all its hardships,
in the country ; and until the eighties, the
bulk of our people was living in more or
less of a pioneer society. It is only since
the Civil War that great producing organizations,
with all their saving of
human labor throughout the population,
have come into existence. It is only since
1890 that the momentum of the nineteenth
century's inventions has made itself
felt in the daily life of everyone.
"Now. however, we are fairly launched
in the new era. Now, thanks to machinery
and modern organization, eight or nine
hours' work on the part of everyone produces
more than enough to sustain the
population—as we found last year, when
hard times cut people down to necessities,
and this demand was not enough to provide
even eight hours of work for everybody.
"Wdiile even in good times, eight or
nine hours of work yields but a meager
living in many cases still that living is
better, class for class, than fifteen hours a
day yielded a century ago, or ten to
twelve hours yielded fifty years ago. People
have their evenings now, and a little
energy left after the day with which to
think about their condition. If, then, a
couple is unhappy, it has a chance these
days to realize that fact.
"Divorce, then, is not growing because
the race is getting worse. The situation

is rather one of defect which has always
been with us, but now has a chance
to crop out. Married couples probably are
not more unhappy than before; they
simply have the energy and time nowadays
to realize their unhappiness, and do
something about it."
Doesn't that sound like common sense ?
After all, it's a great deal like rearing a
boy. When he gets out of the cradle, and
begins to prowl around the house, he gets
into new varieties of trouble. But parents
don't try to thrust him back into the
cradle. Instead, they teach him not to play
with father's razor; they guard the
matches, and watch that he doesn't
tumble from upper-story windows. When
those problems are mastered, they find
they must guard the boy against falling
from apple trees, being drowned while
swimming, and the like. And so it goes,
from one set of problems to the other.
As with the boy, so it is with the race.
We are coming out from the grinding
poverty, the blind fear of authority which
formerly kept mankind crushed into a
semblance of order, and we are reaping
the crop of new problems which last century's
changes sowed. The remedy does
not lie in trying to force mankind back
into the old mold. Rather should we
grapple with the new problems, use the
reliable old means of education and effort
with individuals, and in good time, we
shall conquer. That is the time-tested road
of human progress, traveled by democracy,
science, and industry. There is no
cause to lose faith in it when dealing with
divorce.
Preventing Rain-Pearls on Windshield
There are many reliable devices and a
number of salves on the market which
are excellent for keeping the wdndshield
clear in rainy weather. But occasionally
we have not any of these with us when
we need them most. Nothing is more
trying than to look through a rain-bepearled
glass catching thousands of little
light reflections. If instead of wiping
the glass dry, a wet cloth or simply the
palm be rubbed over the front face of
the glass making no attempt to wipe it
dry, the rain will then flow smoothly and
evenly down the glass, allowing a comparatively
transparent and better vision.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 291
An Adjustable Clothes Pole
"If that clothes pole were only a little
longer it would be just right, and, over
there, if that one were a good deal
shorter it would serve a great deal better.
If I change them now the clothes will
drag while I am doing it."
Thus, to her neighbor, spoke a woman
hanging up clothes in her back yard. To
help her out of her difficult}-, an adjustable
clothes pole is described.
The pole is made of the usual clothespole
material—strips of wood 1 by iy>
inches. They are purchased a foot or
two longer than usual and are cut over
at the middle. At one end of each piece
is nailed a band of thin sheet metal so
that it will accommodate the other
wooden strip in a sliding clasp. Holes
y inch in diameter and about two inches
apart are then drilled through the two
strips between the clasps for a distance
of eighteen inches. A long cotter is fas-
* — Ifr-TTrftt| —-—~-^-^-—
Clothes Pole that Can Be Adjusted to Any Desirea
Length
tened to one of the strips with a cord so
that it will always be on hand to slip into
the holes and thus provide a method of
adjusting the pole and of fastening it.
When the pole is to be raised or lowered,
the cotter is removed and the two sections
spread or compressed as desired. The
cotter is then replaced so as to pass
through the drilled holes to secure the
pole. This adjustable pole will fit every
clothes-hanging need, outdoors or indoors.
The Kitchen Blackboard
Oftentimes there are little things about
the home that the housewife wishes to
remember to order or purchase, and when
she trusts to her memory the events of a
busy day are likely to drive them from
her mind. The expedient of writing
notes on a scrap of paper or in a note
book, both of which are easily lost or
misplaced, can be improved upon by fastening
an ordinary school slate somewhere
on the kitchen wall or on the inner
side of the pantry door where it is always
ready and quickly consulted.

Coil Toil—How to Avoid It
By LOUIS J. BECKER
A X E L , slithering in a pool of oil,
came skidding into my garage.
"Lou," he broke out, "I'm in a
hurry—I'm gonna start on a tour and
there seems to be something
mv coil.'"
"All right," I responded,
can help you."
We hurried to his garage.
wrom with
'possibly I
The hood was lifted and I looked at
the coil, on his particular car fastened on
the top of the generator.
Coils are
sometimes located
on the dash and now
and then fastened
somewhere on the
motor. His was of
the non-vibrator
type, that is, instead
of throwing a succession
of quicklyjumping
sparks it
threw single, fat,
flashes at the spark
plugs. That this
should be so was quite in keeping with
the bulk of present-day manufacturing
procedure, because the magneto and also
vibrator coils have been supplanted by the
generator-battery-distribtitor systems now
so much in vogue.
T looked over his wdres.
"The only way to find out what's the
matter is to go over the wires first."
"Go ahead," said Axel, "I'm waitin'.
"Come a little closer so you will thoroughly
understand this. Here is the coil
—notice that there are two smaller wires
and one large cable wire leading from it.
There really is another wire, but one
cannot see it because this coil is grounded
direct to the generator case ; some coils
have an extra lead to accomplish the
same purpose. One of the smaller wires
leads directly through the switch to the
battery—that wire must be in good condition
and the terminals tight. The other
small wire, or as it is technically called,
primary wire, leads to the insulated
breaker-point of the timer. With the
systems I spoke of being most in vogue
the batterv-current is closed and then
292
A Study of Your Car's Coil Will Enable You to
Repair It in an Emergency
broken, wdth regular intermittence, by
the mechanism of the timer; that wire
is badly oil-soaked and had best be replaced.
All right, that's done. Now let
us look at the big cable from the coil to
the distributor center ; that is the hightension
wire and carries an inducted,
high-voltage current to the center of the
distributor where, by the revolving inner
brush, it is distributed to the separate
spark plug cables in proper sequence.
The heavy cable
should be in good
condition because
the current it carries
has an intense attraction
to any metal
part of the motor.
Now, take one of the
spark plugs out with
the plug cable connected
to it and lay
the spark plug on the
motor head to get
connection as a
ground wire. Turn
the motor over and see if vou get a sparknow.
"Ah!" ejaculated Axel. "There's the
spark!"
"I'll run over to the garage and give
you a copy of my chart."
I handed him the chart.
"Now remember, Axel, keep your
wires dry, keep connections tight, and
keep that greasy oil-mud off of your coil
because that will penetrate and ruin it.
Vou are lucky that wasn't your trouble.
"Vou ought to get along all right now."
Wire the Fan Blades Together
I know of two instances where the fan
blades of a Ford cooling system have
parted from the bearing and gone flying
into space—once barely escaping the
owner's head.
A large, stiff wire bent in the form of
a circle and brazed to the tip of each
blade is one means of solving this problem.
Then if one blade parted, the wire
would keep it from flying off before the
engine could be stopped.

"A Fine Place to Visit, But - - -"
"TT'S a fine place to visit," says the
tourist in New York, "but I'd hate
to live here," adding, "It's a heartless
town, with no soul," for tourists
never visit the Children's Quarter. Beginning
in O. Henry's old bailiwick, it
stretches uptown beyond Madison
Square, and is strewn with institutions
that guard children against cruelty,
against starvation, against neglect,
against depravity,
against child labor,
and what not besides.
A heartless
town ? Why, it even
looks after children's
play. For
example:
The other day, a
group of New
Yorkers drew up
plans and specifications
for a Coney
Island slide, with a
view of sending
them out broadcast
so that no playground,
however
limited its budget,
need hereafter peg along without one.
Just by way of discovering the
amount of trained ability an institution
with headquarters in New- York will
command when it takes an interest in
children, observe how scientific are
these plans and specifications.
They direct you to begin by- selecting
four pieces of wood, each five feet and
seven inches long, six inches wide and
four inches thick, to use as supports at
the high end of the slide. Taking two
of the four pieces, you fit them together
firmly at the top, while placing their
lower ends four feet apart so as to form
a triangle with the ground as the base.
With the other two pieces you do the
same.
Next, you provide a rung for each
triangle—to be precise, a rung two feet
and seven inches long by three inches
wide and an inch thick—and nail it on
about fourteen inches above the
ground. When finished, the braces are
ready to be set parallel to each other
All the Material Needed for the Slide Is Listed. The
Diagram Demonstrates in Detail Just How to Put It
Together
a foot and ten inches apart. Across
the top—that is to say, from the tip
of one triangle to the tip of its mate—
you nail a hard-wood board tw-o inches
wide and an inch thick.
Now for the front supports. Both
are to be triangular. You choose for
each of them a board sixteen inches
long by three inches wide and an inch
thick, and then two additional boards
twelve inches long
by three inches
wide and an inch
thick. With these
you make a pair of
right triangles,
w h i c h you set
parallel to each
other a foot and ten
inches apart, with
the right angles toward
the front or
low end, and so
placed as to leave a
space of seven feet
and a half between
the front of the
back braces and the
back of the front
braces. For the chute, you need seven
maple boards, the hardest obtainable
and measuring eleven and a half feet
long by three inches broad and half an
inch thick. Prepare them carefully,
with special attention to the grain
wdiich must run down. In fastening
them on—place lengthwise, of course,
and leaving cracks a sixteenth of an
inch wide—you use dowel pins. On
the bottom, a few inches from the end,
you screw a cleat a foot and ten inches
long by two inches wide and an inch
thick. Two additional cleats of the
same dimensions are needed; one goes
on at the lower end, the other halfway
up the slide.
Now you bend back the top of the
slide a little, a short way from the end,
so that it will fit over the cross piece
which connects the braces. In order
to bend the maple easily, you either
steam it or saw the wood half through
underneath the part to be bent. Then
you fasten it firmly with screws. You
29.:

294 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
also bend back the slide at the bottom,
about two feet and five inches from
the end, so that the cleat will rest
across the top of the small braces,
where you make it fast with screws.
You build the slides of the slide out
of boards eleven and a half feet long,
four inches wide and an inch thick,
bending or fashioning them at both top
and bottom to suit the bend in the slide,
and nailing them to the top and bottom
braces. You round them carefully
where the children's hands rub along as
they slide down.
Finally, you provide for the steps
and handrail up the back of the top
brace, making eight wooden steps at
intervals of six inches and measuring
a foot and ten inches long by six inches
wide and an inch thick, while the handrail
consists of a galvanized iron pipe.
nine feet tall and an inch and a quarter
thick, bent into the proper shape and
attached with short braces as the diagram
shows.
All is now ready for a squalling,
giggling cascade of joyous urchins,
sliding madly—such a vigorous cascade,
in fact, that it takes frequent
rubbings with a paraffine candle to keep
the slide perfect.
Now—frankly, seriously—how is this
for an exhibit, chosen at random, of
the applied ingenuity at work throughout
the Children's Quarter? Infinite
technical learning, infinite experience,
infinite skill, combine to serve children
the country over. So it comes about
that many a lover of children finds
New York anything but a "heartless
tow-n, with no soul," and even lives
there by- choice.
Electrically Driven Tire Pump for the Garage
A S most people have the garage wired
up to the lighting system for lights,
it is possible to equip the garage with an
electrically driven pump.
The outfit is easy to get together, as
the pump is bought from an old-parts
dealer for a few dollars, it being taken
off of one of the old-time cars equipped
with an engine-driven air pump. These
pumps were made in a variety of designs,
some being single-cylinder affairs, some
two. and the neatest
of all was one
made out of die
cast parts, with
four small cylinders.
If possible,
get a multi-cylinder
type, as the action
of the belt is not so
jerky.
Motors, to suit
any voltage and
cycle of current,
can be bought tod
ay at bargain
prices, from dealers
who advertise
in all the trade
magazines, and for
a small slow-speed
The Home Made Tire Pumping Outfit Is Easy to
Matte and Install
pumping outfit, the y horse-power size
is large enough. For volume and speed a
y2 horse-power is required.
The mounting of the outfit should be
on a good strong plank, mounted up
high against the wall, so as to be up out
of the dirt and dust. The plank can be
placed on brackets, strong and firm to
avoid any vibration. The starting switch
should be located above the reach of the
children, in a convenient position for the
operator. A length
of air hose 25 to 30
feet long, equipped
with an air socket
or valve, completes
the outfit.
As the motor is
started up with the
hose open and not
attached, no provision
need be made
for relieving the
starting pressure.
By pumping directly
into the tires
from the pump, no
storage tank with
its leaky pipes and
connections need
be thought of.

Circumventing ^ Toodlekin
R 1 EEP him outdoors,"
says
the doctor.
"Little cherubs like
Toodlekin need sunshine
and fresh air."
So out goes Toodlekin,
rejoicing, and out he stays for as
much as ten minutes. Then, unfailingly,
you hear a grand hullabaloo at the door,
and behold, it is the cherub wildly cursing
his gods and bawling to be let in.
What wonder? Ten minutes are ten
centuries—to a cherub. Besides, he sees
few things outdoors that he can pull
down on his head, or climb onto and
fall off from, or destroy himself with in
other inviting ways, and you know
Toodlekin; his dream is suicide. Indoors,
where short cuts to total extinction
abound, he can be happy.
Then, -too, the indoor environment
appeals to him because it favors a
life of crime. Why stay out in the
yard where there is no wallpaper to
tear off, no register to pull up by the
roots, no bust of Shakespeare to overturn,
no piano on which to draw pictures
with a tack?
Clearly, if he is to be put outdoors
and kept outdoors, as the doctor commands,
you must circumvent the
cherub's natural inclinations by providing
something irresistibly attractive
there, and the neighbors say, "Try a
sandbox."
But you have already tried a sandbox,
and while Toodlekin took to it as
a duck takes to water, and Tippitoe
came over from
across the street
and Pittipat and
Jijiboo from next
door, and there
were great doings,
with castles going
up and wells going
down, not to men­
tion the tunnels and
the sand pies, some
pretty serious drawbacks
developed ere
long. The sand became
"impossible."
_L J
WOOD OR CONCRETE ' ^?'^#— GROUND LINE
After You Have Made the Sand-Box for Toodlekin,
and Have Watched Him Playing in it, You Will
Doubtless Wonder Why You Didn't Tackle the Job
Long Ago
It was unwholesomely
damp after a
rain. It was dirty
when dry. Worse, a
lot of terrifying red
spots appeared on
Toodlekin, and you
telephoned, and the doctor said,
"Fleas."
It may safely be estimated that, if
placed end to end, the sandboxes that
have been tried and found wanting
would reach from Washington, District
of Columbia, to no one can guess
where. But there is nothing wrong
with the sandbox idea. On the contrary,
there is everything right. Only,
you must build Toodlekin the proper
kind of sandbox, and take proper care
of it.
To build the sandbox pictured herewith,
you first dig a place nine feet long
and six feet wide for its underlying bed
of cinders three feet deep. Then you
get four boards, each a foot high and
two inches thick to make the bin, and
fasten them together at the corners
with angle irons from the hardware
store. Next, you make a cover—in one
piece, if you like, or, if sliding it off
and on seems too laborious, in four. To
provide a four-piece cover, you make
each section six feet long and two feet
three inches wide, with cross boards two
feet three inches long by half an inch
thick and three inches wide for each
end so that the sections will fit the
box firmly. This much accomplished,
you nail a wide board around the top of
the box or at one
end, for Toodlekin
to sit on or for him
to use as a counter
on which to show
off his pies. Finally,
SECTIONAL COVER , 4 REUUIBCD
_^.-^
UP
in go the cinders, in
goes the sand-—the
best obtainable,
beach sand prefera
b 1 y—and, with
chuckles of ebullient
appreciation,
in goes the cherub.
tCont. on page 291)
295

296
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
You Never Can Tell What' 11 Happen in a World Series
(Continued f oin Page 197)
the event of a clash between a team from in the two organizations. This record is
the East and a team from the West, thus almost certain to be broken this season.
bringing the representatives of the two The lively ball, rather inferior pitching,
rival territories together ?
and the slugging tactics now so popular
The series this year will be a seven- are the reasons. It wouldn't be at all
game affair. That is of interest. After surprising if the habit played it's part in
three years of the nine-game contests, the big series.
the powers that be have gone back to the But when all is said and done, pitching
seven-game schedule. The World Series is the big thing. Pitching has decided
should be a short, snappy event. Seven every big series, and pitching will_ un­
games provide such entertainment; nine doubtedly dominate the 1922 event.
games make it drag. This was proved Often a certain player wins individual
beyond a doubt last year, when in the fame because of his own deeds, yet pitch­
eighth game the attendance took a tering invariably triumphs in a short series.
rific drop.
In a seven-game series, one great pitcher
There is another commendable feature is of far more value than in a nine-game
about playing only seven games. Going- affair.
back to that number of games has of­ If the St. Louis Browns represent the
fered proof that baseball is not being American League, a great pitcher like
commercialized as strongly as some of Shocker is almost certain to play a promi­
the authorities insist. Playing two extra nent role. Shocker would be certain to
games means much to the club owners, work three games in such a series.
since they get the entire receipts. When If the New York Giants again win,
the longer series was inaugurated, the im­ McGraw will present one of the best
pression created was that the magnates teams in the game. The Giants have
simply wanted to lengthen the series to always shaped up like a remarkable club
get the extra money. The suggestion to me. On the pitching McGraw's staff
that nine games offered a better test than showed in the 1921 series, I looked for
seven was laughed at by the public. Fan- the Giants to have pretty nearly the
dom looked on it as merely a whim to National League pennant cinched by
satisfy the greed of the magnates. The September 1. The pitching failed.
return to seven games will kill off such Pitching has handicapped the Giants.
a belief.
The staff that looked so great against the
It looks very much as if the big series Yankees has wobbled throughout the sea­
this year would be staged on either the son. The deflection of Douglas and his
St. Louis or New York parks, possibly expulsion from the game was the worst
both. Since the two clubs use the same blow of all.
park in St. Louis and New York, there If the Yankees repeat, the strong
will be no advantage as to playing fields pitching staff plus a batting punch makes
if any of these four clubs win.
the New York Americans a team that
The home run habit, however, may must be feared.
play a prominent part in the series of Fame is fleeting in baseball. There is
1922. This is the era of swat in baseball. the case of Phil Douglas: one of the
The home run mania exists everywhere. heroes of the 1921 series, he is now a
The New York and St. Louis parks are baseball outcast. Douglas, however,
ideal for the slugger. It doesn't take brought about his own undoing. He
much of a drive to drop into the right placed money before the game and must
field stands at either park. The left field pay the penalty.
barrier is longer, yet many a fly ball that Unquestionably the 1922 series will be
would be an easy out on most playing- featured by the unusual, yet when it is
fields goes for a home run in the left all over, it is almost a certainty that
field section of each park.
pitching will have played an important
Last year the American League batters part in determining the result.
recorded 477 home runs, the National But—you can never tell what'll happen
League 460, a total of 937 circuit swats in a world series.

(Continuedfrom page 295)
Naturally, you have built the box in
a sufficiently shady place. As naturally,
you are ambitious to keep it wholesome,
which is not difficult. The cover
excludes animals. It also excludes dust.
With the cinders underneath to provide
drainage, you can wash the sand
as frequently as you chose. The same
drainage removes dampness after rain.
The sand must not get too dry, far
down, or it is useless for play, as the
tunnels cave in and the pies refuse
to pack. Always keep it somewhat
damp down below. And if fleas appear,
souse it with a weak solution of bichloride
of mercury.
No scientist, thus far, has argued
that Nature made the ocean in order
to provide beaches for little children,
but when you see Toodlekin take possession
of the private seashore enclosed
within that sandbox, and stay there,
Hour after hour, radiantly happy in the
sunshine and fresh air, you will wonder
if perhaps science has not a few things
left to learn.
Tinned Paper Fasteners for
Contact Points
Switch contacts are not only fairly
expensive but at present out of stockin
most radio stores. One of the best
substitutes is to be
found in the ordinary
brass paper
fastener which has
a round head and a
split shank, which
bends over on the
under side of the
paper. The slotted
brass washers sold
for use with these
fasteners supply the
means of securing
into the panel.
First separate the prongs of the fasteners
so they will not be turned together.
Then clean both fasteners and nuts in a
hot potash of soda solution to cut the oil
or grease, then rinse in hot water. (A
wire basket, or ordinary sieve, allows the
whole lot to be cleaned at one time.)
Holding the single fasteners or washers
with a pair of pliers, dip them into a flux
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 297
consisting of rosin dissolved in alcohol,
then into melted solder. They will come
out perfectly tinned. Do not tin the
heads of the paper fasteners.
In use the fastener is pushed through a
hole in the panel, a washer slipped over
the end, one prong bent down and
soldered to the washer, and the wire for
connection soldered to the other prong.
Thus the contact is held tight to the
panel, and the connection is conveniently
made.
A long-wearing contact is had in this
way for a few cents a hundred.
A Handy Postal Scale for Your
Letters
Although there are countless ways of
making postal scales, the ordinary individual
does not want to bother with one
PLACE LETTER HERE ~)
SEALING WAX -, >—'
_ ^ 7
No More Letters Returned
for Additional Postage if
You Make This Postal
Scale
which will tell
how much his letter
weighs. Really
all he wants to
know is, "Is it
over 1 ounce so
I'll have to put 4c
in stamps on it ?"
Keeping that in
mind, here is an easily made scale which
will not tell how much it weighs, but will
tell if it's over an ounce.
Take a strip of copper or some like
metal, about 7 inches long and 1 inch
PAPER FASTNEO
wide and bend it near one end, making
that end parallel to the other by bending
as shown in the illustration. Then get
a letter that weighs just an ounce (fill
an envelope up with paper till it balances
on the postman's scales with an ounce)
and set this on the short end of the bal­
CONNECT TEEMIMAL;
TO THIS PPOrlQ
ance. It will push the end over because
it has more force than the other end.
How a Long Wearing
Contact Is Made Now on the long end melt some sealing
wax and drip on enough till it exactly
the contacts rigidly- balances with the letter. It will harden
almost immediately and unless handled
very carelessly will stay in its place for
an indefinite length of time.
Now if you have some letter you think
is over an ounce just set it on the short
end of the balance. If it tips it over it is
more than an ounce, so take that one to
the postoffice. If it does not tip over it
is under an ounce and needs only 2c
postage.

298 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Oh! What a Hubbub Wl en the Gondoliers Strike
(Continued fi
Most people believe that the first inhabitants
of this queen city of the waters
were refugees fleeing from the barbarians
who put an end to the Roman
Empire. But there was always a city
here. At first the inhabitants were poor
fisherfolk, whose dwellings were built on
the rises of ground piled up by the drifts
of the rivers and the silting of the tides.
As each bank was built Up by that
natural process a lagoon was created and
these lagoons gave Venice its chief claim
to beauty. The Grand Canal, which was
originally the bed of a river, and the
other canals gradually trickled through
and intersected and joined the lagoons
together. The labor of man finished this
work of Nature and new canals were dug
and gradually marble embankments took
the place of the crude earthworks which
kept the water in. The great buildings
for which Venice is famous were raised.
The water streets grew and what were
a number of towns clustered near to each
Other were connected by made land and
fused into one large city, which is the
Venice of today. And the strange, fascinating
life of this metropolis on the water
began. The city's location gave it command
of the big trade of the Adriatic
Sea and Venice grew and prospered.
The first gondolas were different from
those of today. There were several
political parties in the state and they conceived
the idea of painting their gondolas
with particular colors and designs bymeans
of which they could be instantly
recognized. Meetings of different colored
craft on the canals usually ended in a
free-for-all and it came to pass that no
day was ever over without some roughhouse
to record at the finish. The affrays
were not always bloodless since cutlery
was much fancied by these water people.
Finally, the municipality made a law that
all boats, without exception, should be
colored a uniform and inoffensive black.
It also ruled that they should be shaped
in a standard manner. There have been
from time to time efforts to have this
law abrogated and thus to restore the
beautiful color effects that made the poets
of olden times praise the Venetian waterscapes.
Today, if there were any concentrated
agitation for it, it is believed
in page 219)
that new laws permitting gay colors
would undoubtedly be passed as the factions
have gone and there is no longer
any danger of a repetition of the fights
that once occurred.
The boats are flat-bottomed, about
thirty feet long and four or five feet
wide, curving out of the water at both
ends, with ornamental bows and stern
pieces. The gondolier stands on what is
called a "poppa" at the stern with his face
toward the bow and propels the gondola
with a single oar.
The passenger cabin is low and accommodates
from four to six persons, although
there are larger cabins that hold
from eight to ten.
When a holiday occurs, the traffic is
great and the streets are beautiful with
their gliding gondolas and the air filled
with the chanting of gondoliers and passengers.
On these occasions flower
wreaths and hangings help to restore the
old-time color and beauty of the graceful
and silent gondolas.
The gondoliers are gay and sturdy
fellows. They are all mighty in size and
sinew and their independence, their good
humor and their abilitv to troll a merry
lay is noted the world over.
Shoots an Arrow to Make
Crystal Thread
"T'HE making of the famous quartz
fibers invented some years ago is a
curious process.
Quartz crystals, which many a country
boy living in regions where they are
found has fancied to be diamonds, are
melted with a blowpipe and drawn out
into a thread with the aid of an airow.
One crystal is fastened to the arrow while
another is fixed in the flame. The two are
fused together, and at the proper moment
the arrow is released and darts away into
a fixed target, drawing the melted quartz
into a thread the length and size of which
can be easily regulated. The threads are
very tough, strong and elastic. They can
be made so fine as to be invisible not only
to the naked eye, but even with a microscope.
They are used in instruments
where a completely elastic filament is
required.

Behind the Door Is the Gun-Locker
By ROLAND B. CUTLER
HE sportsman keeps his calibers, inches wide, the other to fit the n
J_ gages and accessories in a cabinet
or some particular place, but the
average man who just hunts has only
one gun, or perhaps a shotgun and .22
rifle. His equipment is kept wherever
he left it last, with his wife's permission.
After a day's or an hour's sport,
as circumstances and excuses permit,
he sets his gun behind the door.
Then something happens. The gun
slides to the floor, lining up the sights
for shooting around a corner. If a
child is around, the results are disastrous
to the child. Eventually, the
gun is stowed away
to rust until the
next outing.
Behind the door
—the natural and
handy place—there
may be a locker to
hold the necessary
equipment for the
average man's hunting.
Only a few
feet of y- and J%inch
lumber is used
in construct ing
such a locker. It is
desirable to use
wood that will harmonize
with the
room furnishings.
Here is a list of the
required hardware:
Three light, narrow
1^-inch butt
hinges, with steel,
brass, or copper
finish ; two 4-inch
corner braces; four
3-inch corner
braces; one base­
SHOWING METHOD
OF FASTENING BOTTOM
TOGETHER WITH CORNER IRONS
The Shelves Will Accommodate Shells, Cartridges,
Cleaners, Swabs, Brushes, Oil and Cleansers, While
Below May Be the "Big" Gun, .22, Fishing Rod,
Cleaning Rods, Belt, Cleaning Cloths—Always Room
for One Thing More
board knob ; two ljXinch screw eyes, the
necessary screws and 6d finish nails.
Cut the %-inch bottom board 11
inches long, with end-widths allowing
for the jXinch door when the house
door is wide open. These ends will be
not less than 4 inches and 2 I /_ inches.
Cut the two %-inch upright pieces 5
feet 2 inches long, the corner piece 2
arrowed
bottom and widening above the
baseboard to set flush with the wall.
Fit and secure these to the bottom
with nails and the two 4-inch braces,
as shown in Fig. 1. Close to the inside
edge and 3j-_ inches from the wide
end, bore two joining l'_-inch holes to
be shaped for a gun-butt rest.
Nail in the first shelf, 50 inches from
the bottom. The shelf should be
%-inch thick. Brace underneath with a
3-inch corner brace at each side. Cut
the 7-s-' nc h top over-all fit, including
the door. Nail in the Xinch middle
shelf and as a support
for this and
the top, attach a 3inch
brace to the
edge of the corner
upright. Hang the
y2-\xvc.\t door with
the three hinges set
into the upright
edge. It is desirable
to use two thin
iron strips to brace
it against warping,
although wooden
strips can be attached.
There are many
catches and locks,
but a handy contrivance
is shown
in Fig. 2. An inch
finger hole is bored
F19.3.
an "inside" inch
from the corner upright.
The bent end
of a 2-inch straight
screw hook is
rounded to slip
across the upright
when the hook is set 1 inch below the
hole. When the door is closed, the hook
catches in a cut-out faced with a doublepointed
tack.
The rest of the case is canvas, tightly
stretched from top to bottom and
tacked to upright edges. Just above
the baseboard, set a piece of heavy
(Continued on page 301)
29

300 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"Puri-Puri, New Guinea Fashion"
(Continued fi om page 228)
A native constable, ordered to arrest
the sorcerer of his village, declined. The
sorcerer threatened him with a lingering
death if he obeyed. Faced at last, however,
wdth the alternative of being
stripped of bis uniform and the prestige
attached, he bore the maker of magic to
the ground and handcuffed him.
As they crossed the sound to the government
post, the sorcerer took from a
tiny bag a long string with many small
sticks attached. With his manacled
hands he began to finger each stick and
to each he gave the name of some villager
who had died. "These," he explained
to the curious constable, "represent
the people I have killed by puri-puri.
This stick is your grandfather, this stick
your father, this your uncle," and so on,
until he had named seventeen blood relatives
of his captor.
"And those?" asked the constable,
pointing to six loose sticks in the palm
of the sorcerer.
"Those," was the reply, "are you, your
wife and four children. Some day, and
soon, they will be tied to the string."
Whereupon the constable, in a frenzy
of desperation and fear, upset the canoe
and held the old sorcerer under water
until life was extinct. Then he gave
himself up to the magistrate and went
joyfully to jail. Perhaps in the months
he spent there he reasoned out things
pretty accurately for when he returned
home, no longer a constable, he declared
that the sorcerer, being an old man, had
compelled the constable to kill him and
in return had imparted to him the secrets
of his "puri-puri."
So the ex-constable became the new
sorcerer and where before he had been
the white man's aid today he is his
handicap.
According to the district, sorcery takes
different forms. There is the cult of the
Baigona, or the big snake that is said to
dwell mi the tup of Mount Victory. Its
chief exponent is an old man who tells a
harrowing tale of his initiation, at which
the snake cut out his heart, then sewed
him up again. If you refuse to believe
it, he points nut to you the shrivelled
human heart which dangles from a stringover
the platform of his hut. The
Baigona sorcerers base their power on
two drugs, both supposedly beneficial.
Through these drugs they claim the
power of life and death, refusing those
who cannot or will not pay enough.
Then there are the Vada Tauna, the
most dreaded of all sorcerers, men who
live in the bush, avoid certain kinds of
food and give frequent demonstrations of
their power by perpetrating cruel murders.
The fact that a Vada Tauna is on
the rampage quickly becomes known and
villages for miles around take measures
10 protect themselves by maintaining
strict silence and never venturing from
the neighborhood of their huts. For
days at a time not a word will be uttered
by man, woman or child in the belief
that only thus will the Vada Tauna be
foiled.
Secretly these Vadas are hired by the
natives to kill their enemies and there is
one thing to be said for the sorcerers—
the)- never give away their clients.
Peculiarly, these sorcerers seldom pretend
their magic will prevail against the
white man. "Puri-puri New Guinea
fashion is good only for New Guinea
people," they say. "Puri-puri white man
fashion is good for white man but it also
works against New Guinea people."
How the Chinook Winds
Prevent Floods
INVESTIGATIONS of the Weather
i Bureau indicate that the warm westerly
chinook winds, blowing over the eastern
faces of the Rocky Mountains, have a
beneficent effect in the prevention of disastrous
flood-producing thaws. It is true
that the chinook suddenly melts the snowon
the higher parts of the mountains, but
the warm wind fails to reach the bottom
of the gulches, and so the snow-water is
frozen again during its descent, and becomes
caked in ice deep down the ravines,
the ice remaining until spring. .
In an illustration of the curious temperature
differences that occur when a
chinook is blowing, it is said that the thermometer
at Helena, Montana, has stood
at 30 degrees below zero when it was
above zero at Unionville, only six miles
away, but a few hundred feet higher.

(Continued from page 299)
wire into the uprights to hold the canvas
shaped to the corner, with a "tuck"
down to the bottom.
To install this, insert a screw eye at
the bottom corner and another at the
corner of the shelf above, for screws
which will engage the corner studding.
Trim the base knob and set it in the
corner upright edge to support the gun
barrel with sight clearance.
Furnishing the gun compartment is
a personal affair. With a 3-inch corner
brace attach a shelf about level
with the trigger-guard; attach a
swinging bird-cage hook near the top,
and another to the door if desired; insert
a ceiling hook in the shelf. The
two halves of a loose pin butt hinge
make fine supports for swinging arms.
To Make Your Own Barometer
The barometer is an instrument designed
to measure the varying pressure
of the atmosphere. Knowing the pressure
of the air the weather can be forecasted
several days in advance, as there
is a close relation between air pressure
and the weather conditions. An easily
made barometer is shown in the diagram.
A glass tube about 38 inches in length
is closed at one end and bent as shown
in the illustration by means of a Bunsen
burner. It is then filled with
mercury and mounted on a S? — M r X
board or secured directly to
a wall. It is about 30 inches
at sea level and less at higher
altitudes. In order to make
the readings quickly, make a
scale on a strip of paper and
paste back of the upper mercury
level. [This scale is
marked in inches, but onehalf
inch is represented as one
inch.] The reason for making
the scale this way is that
the lower mercury level rises
as the upper level falls. Thus,
if the upper level falls onehalf
inch, the difference in the
two levels changes by one inch.
Therefore, a fall of one-half
inch in the upper level is indicated
on the scale as a fall of
one inch.
Experience has shown that
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 301
1
27
barometric readings indicate weather
changes as follows:
1. A gradual, steady rise indicates
settled fair weather.
2. A rapid rise indicates clear
weather and high winds.
3. A gradual, steady fall indicates
unsettled weather.
4. A sudden fall indicates a storm
and high winds.
With a little paint and varnish the barometer
can be made as neat as those
manufactured.
31
30
29
28
SCALE (ACTUAL lil-E)-^
When Finished and Set in
Position the Barometer
Will Appear as Above
Painting Wire Fencing
After the galvanizing of a fancy or
woven wire fence has deteriorated by the
action of the elements, it becomes necessary
to give the wire a coat or two of
paint if the fence is to continue to last.
The proper method is first to clean away
all the rust with a wire brush and then
to give the wire a coat of red lead or
litharge. This red lead or litharge prevents
the chemical action which sets itself
up between ordinary lead paint and iron
or steel. However, if one does not feel
as if the expense that would be incurred
by applying two coats of paint is allowable
at the time, the best results with a
single coat can be secured by using a
mixture of dark green and black. The
black color holds very persistently a good
deal of the oil vehicle of the
paint and because of this will
"__
give unusual service. In applying,
never use a longbristled
brush, as the paint
will then spatter a great deal
and a large amount of it will
thus be wasted. A wide shortbristled
brush is the best as
it will cover a good deal of
surface quickly and be very
practical with which to work
the paint into the crevices between
the wires. After painting
ten feet of one side* paint
that ten feet on the other side,
and so on. You will find that
the work will be done quickly,
well, and besides that, give
you the maximum amount of
service and resultant satisfaction.
The color scheme, of
course, will correspond with
that of the house.

302 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Paving the Way for Your Success
(Continued f
The heads of this school, realized, of
course, that every large employer was
anxious to have men trained to come into
his plant and start doing things his way
right oft". So they got in touch with a
dozen of the largest electric engineering
concerns and electric manufacturing companies
in the country—such organizations
as the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing
Company being numbered
among them.
They held a score of conferences with
the heads of the various departments of
these concerns, and especially with the
employment and educational heads. In
this way they were able to outline the
subjects they wished to cover. Next
they sent ten men into the different departments
of the various organizations,
dealing with one plant at a time, and
studied the various jobs from the work
of the beginners to that of the foreman.
They gave especial attention to the
work being done by the raw recruits, by
the newcomers who had been there only
a few months and by those who had been
there a'year or more. Then they studied
the work being done by the older hands,
and then by the straw bosses, the subforemen
and finally by the foremen. In
this way they were able to determine just
what class of work came at each sixmonth
period, and to take examples out
of each class of work for the students
to solve. And they knew, too, just what
to present next, and wdiat information
and instruction would be most valuable
to any man holding any position in those
organizations.
After this was all compiled and reviewed,
first by the foremen and then by
the committees named by the different
companies to help in this work, the work
of the different foremen was studied, and
then the work of the head foremen and
finally of the superintendents. This was
handled in the same manner as was that
of the other workers, being reviewed first
this time by the superintendents, then by
the general managers and finally by the
committees.
Now came the investigation of the
specialized work, of the designing room
and the work of the consulting engineers.
Then production, designing and service
rom page 224)
were considered as three units closely
related to each other. When the course
was finished it was prepared, first, as a
course in electrical engineering; then a
supplement on shop practice and production
was offered and another was worked
out on designing.
Thus three complete courses were prepared,
two of which were advanced
branches of the first. And now this finished
course can carry a student through
every- step of the work in those great
plants, from the winding of armatures byrecruits
to the designing of intricate
electrical equipment by the expert engineers.
And it can take the student along
step by step, teaching him to solve the
everyday problems of each job, from the
bottom to the top, in the order that they
come.
Nor is that all. The experts in those
big plants helped prepare the course, propounded
the problems, as did also the
workers themselves, and those experts
have been retained as consulting experts
and special advisers by the school.
Business management, foremanship,
advertising, shop superintendent, steam
engineering, mechanical engineering,
radio operating and building, and salesmanship
are some of the other courses
already built around this method — and
the schools are still investigating, are still
maintaining their corps of experts and
research men.
This is the new method of teaching.
the ultra-practical method—and it is the
method that paves the way to your success.
There is not one single school that
is doing it — it is becoming a general
movement. Education is being made
practical—and is being brought to your
door.
Your own state university has very
likely started its extension division by
now—and it may already be establishing
its own practical courses, just as the foregoing
were established. At any event
there are many private correspondence
schools anxious to serve you, ready to
present a course suited to your own taste.
That you may know something of the
different lines of work along which the
great schools of this* country are ready
to teach, Illustrated World has con-

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 303
ducted a research that will enable it to be and what qualities assure success in
present to you month by month, ful
facts concerning the different lines of
work, the different professions and
trades; what the actual work in each
class of employment actually is, what the
requirements are, what the rewards will
The Land of the Broken Pinion
{Continued from page 192)
that work.
Watch each issue. The work you are
contemplating will be thoroughly analyzed,
its advantages and disadvantages
pointed out to you and the final opportunity
it affords outlined.
Louis to Kansas City ; St. Louis to Nash- ally it will be in America
ville; Chicago to Omaha; Chicago to
Buffalo, via Cleveland ; Chicago to Cincinnati
; Chicago to Pittsburgh ; Chicago
to Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.; Cincinnati to
Richmond, Va.; Cincinnati to Washington,
D. C.; Washington to Boston, via
New York City; Washington to Charleston
, S. C.; Washington to Buffalo, N. Y.;
New York City to Montreal; New York
City to Cleveland; New York City to
Richmond; Charleston to Little Rock,
Ark.; New Orleans to Nashville, via
Memphis ; New Orleans to Jacksonville ;
New Orleans to El Paso, via Austin; El
Paso to Santa Fe; Santa Fe to Salt Lake
City; Salt Lake City to San Francisco to
Portland ; Portland to Vancouver.
The through routes would radiate from
Chicago thusly: Chicago to Boston via
New York City; Chicago to Jacksonville,
Florida, via Nashville and Atlanta ; Jacksonville
to New York via the Atlantic
Seaboard; Chicago to New Orleans;
Chicago to Seattle; Chicago to San Francisco;
Chicago to New Orleans via St.
Louis and Little Rock ; Chicago to San
Diego via Denver; Chicago to Halifax,
via Toronto and Augusta, Maine.
By traveling the ordinary fast-plane
flight, this system of routes brings any
point in the entire country within thirty
hours of any city. Already commercial
pilots in this country have proved that
they can profitably carry passengers for
fifteen cents a mile when three or more
passengers are carried. Large planes
and dirigibles can carry passengers profitably
at ten cents a mile if they have a
steady patronage. The government has
been using planes for carrying mail for
two years. Before the war commercial
aviation transport companies were carrying
express packages for distances of
several hundred miles.
In Europe the airplane is as important,
as necessary, as the telephone. Eventu-
But first we
must learn to think of aviation as practical—not
as a hazardous sport. Before
we can even approximate the progress of
European countries we must take flying
seriously, we must make a business of it
—and a pleasure as well. We must spend
a few million dollars building landing
fields and stations.
The writer recently talked to an expert
European flight field landing station and
airdrome builder. He explained that a
small city park, one containing as little
as four square blocks of land, could be
made into a landing field and furnish
underground parking space for a half
hundred planes. He explained that seaplanes
were successfully taking off and
landing on the decks of battleships. He
showed plans for landing stations on the
roofs of skyscrapers and public buildings.
When land is available, as in large public
parks and in rural districts, complete
landing stations, perfectly plotted, marked
and lighted, can be constructed for a cost
of from one to three hundred thousand
dollars. Simple landing fields can be
built almost as cheaply as tennis courts.
The space and cost of the average big
league ball park would build a far better
landing field and airdrome than most of
the European cities possess.
Fifteen million dollars, intelligently
spent, would provide a landing field in
or near every big city of size in America
and provide for route marking. Another
ten million would provide for the night
lighting and radio guidance of these
routes. Even our wide, national highways
are adapted to plane landing. They
could be used for landing and for takeoff.
Hangars could be built alongside
them.
The airplane industry (which is at present
under ether, due to the handicaps
thrust upon it) does not want to be sub-
(Continued on page 3/2)

304
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Hunting Man-1 aters in India
(Continued fr
now abandoned me and went off to investigate
the remains of the howdah. This
seemed to annoy him, somehow, for he
started to pull it to pieces. During this
respite. 1 looked around as best I could
for some means of escape, and was just
about to make a dash for a small tree,
when a sound from behind caused me to
look.
'"To my unutterable horror, another
and much bigger tiger appeared. I gazed
at him in panic, but it soon appeared to
me that there was something extraordinary
about this latest visitor. Half
stunned as I was, and in a terrible situation,
it still seemed to me that he resembled
nothing so much as a man suffering
from slight inebriation. He was very
unsteady on his feet and staggered from
side to side. Finally he came up quite
near me, lay down with a great grunt of
satisfaction, and regarded me with what
seemed, for a tiger, quite a benevolent
gaze.
"Suddenly it flashed on me that this
was the drugged animal that sbould have
fallen a victim to the Royal rifle but must
somehow or other have evaded the noble
sportsman! I was wondering how I
could put this to advantage, when my first
acquaintance having given the inoffensive
howdah the 'what for' returned to his
prey—me!
"The second tiger, though he did not
seem to have any immediate use for me
himself, had no intention, on tlie other
hand, of abandoning me to the other, and
gave a warning snarl. The first tiger,
surprised and very angry, stood there for
a full minute, undecided, lashing his tail,
snarling, and, curiously enough, turning
his head away every now and then, as
if thinking of something entirely different.
Then he took a pace forward.
Immediately the second tiger sprang up
with a coughing roar; the effects of ihe
opium appeared to be wearing off. Then
I noticed that he had been hit in the
flank.
"I crawled, apparently unnoticed, to
where the howdah had been, and there,
to my immense joy, found my rifle in the
gras.5, loaded and undamaged. Just as I
had seized it, the tigers started to fight.
m page 2.18i
whirling round each other and getting
in great blows with their powerful paws.
When they missed, their jaws snapped
with a noise like two flat pieces of wood
banged together. They put up a great
battle and if I had not been in such a precarious
position I would have enjoyed it
immensely.
"Just after the commencement of the
battle, however, I heard a swish in the
grass behind me, and looked up to see an
elephant—the Royal elephant, no less—
parting the grass. 'His Serene Plighness,'
highly excited, fired into the whirling
mass in front of him, followed
quickly by the native prince. One or
other of the shots told and the younger
tiger dropped dead. The other, not
realizing that his adversary was no more,
continued a fierce contest with the body.
I heard the Royal party reloading, but
decided that this was where I came in
and accordingly fired, bringing down my
doped friend with a shot through the
shoulder."
Astronomy and Birds
CL'CCESS has attended the application
of astronomical methods to the solution
of a mooted question in biology. This
relates to the height of the flight of birds
during their migrations at night. Two
telescopes were placed at measured distances
apart on an east and west line, and
with them two observers simultaneously
watched the moon.
The tracks of birds flying across the
face of the moon were noted by each observer
independently on a lunar chart.
ready at his sitle. The tracks, being projected
from separate points of observation,
of course, were not identical in position,
and their distance apart furnished
the basis for a calculation of the "parallax"
of the trying birds. Two sets of observations
in one case were made, in May
and October. The deducted heights
above the ground varied from one thousand
four hundred to five thousand four
hundred feet. The last, however, was an
extreme case, most of the measures running
from one thousand five hundred to
three thousand feet,

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 305
The Greatest Musical Catalog Ever Published
Orer 3,000 Musical /Irticles—Every Known Musical Instrument Fully BTsfijiihd
For Professionals — Beginners — Amateurs
WURLITZER will send you any musical instrument known
for a week's free trial in your own home. There is no obligation
to buy. Not a penny cost to you unless you decide
to keep it. You are the sole judge. Send the coupon for this catalog
now. Read the details of this wonderful opportunity. This is
your chance to buy any musical instrument you wish on Free Trial,
_£J__5 On FreeTrial
Wurlitzer instruments have been used ioc three generations by
famous artists, great bands and orchestras. Wurlitzer sends you
any instrument on free trial. Many instruments come in velvet
and plush lined carrying cases with all accessories, self-instructor,
music, Monthly etc., all ^ at * factory prices, if you decide to buy. You get the
entire outfit practically for the cost of the instrument alone.
ew cent8 a day will pay for instru-
"D« r>-__.m__~.._. mit„ ment and ana outfit outnt if you decide after trial
Payments ^ a a that you wlsh to keep it>
311 th "
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiniiniit "ll I M I M I iiiiiiiiit
The Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Dept. 1457
117 E. 4th St. 329 S. Wabash Ave. 120 W. 42nd St. =
Cincinnati. O. Chicago. 111. New York. N. Y. =
250 Stockton Street. San Francisco, Calif.
Please send me your FREE 150-page catalog which fea- £
tures over 3000 articles of musical merchandise.
Name.
Address .
Instrument . s
(State instrument in which you are especially interested) \
n i mini i t i • ) ••••••mt ••
The Rudolph Wurlitzer Co.
Cincinnati Chicago New York San Francisco
Kindly men tion Illustrated World niicn writing mlvcrtisers.

306 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
of slow-growing
Side-Show Freaks as Seen by Science
(Continued from page ./.J
children. Giantism, alopecia. People get bald in certain dis-
however, cannot be cured.
"Between the dwarf and the midget
there is a vast difference. The dwarf is
fairly well developed and of normal size
except in the length of his extremities.
The dwarf is caused by a deficiency of
thymus secretion and a consequent deficiency
in bone growth. The bones continue
to grow in the skull, chest and
pelvis, but the growth is stunted in the
limbs."
All other so-called human freaks can
be explained in some similar way. Krao,
the "Missing Link," and others such as
the bearded lady, the man with the long
beard and similar freaks are simply all
cases of excessive hair growth. Krao
is a Siamese woman, who has an excessive
growth of hair on head, face, arms,
body and legs. But there is nothing unusual
about her as it is possible for hair
to grow anywhere on the human body
except on the palms of the hand or on
the soles of the feet. More or less growth
of hair may be a racial or family trait,
or may be due to some local stimulant in
the hair bulbs.
The billiard-ball woman, on the other
hand, who hasn't a hair on her head, is
suffering from nothing more than plain
baldness, or as the M. D.'s term it,
Understudies
(Continued f
islands export about two million tons of
sugar to the mainland annually for refining.
The only drawbacks to the sugar
business which will always lead in commercial
importance are the insufficient
labor supplies. Recently Porto Rico, in
particular, has jumped from a position
of food shortage to one of food plenitude.
The planters now permit the laborers
to raise beans and early corn between
the rows of young sugar cane.
Much of the land formerly devoted to
tobacco is used in raising food products.
The island now raises about three million
dollars' worth of rice a year. During
the last six years, the areas of land devoted
to food production have doubled
and trebled in extent.
Guam—that earthquake-buffeted little
island—is also developing adeptness in
eases like smallpox, typhoid fever, etc.,
because in the course of the sickness the
blood becomes impaired and, as the nutrition
of the hair is carried in the blood,
when this is impaired the hair roots do
not receive proper nutrition and the fine
muscle fibers which hold the hair in the
scalp become weakened. The hair then
starts to fall out.
Laurello, a new freak in this country,
is at the present time of great interest
to science. His claim to notoriety lies
in the fact that he can turn his head backward
so that his head faces the other
way. Laurello, a German, claims that
this can be accomplished by anyone who
has the persistency to keep trying it. He
admits to having spent three years in daily
practice to accomplish the feat, six
months passing before he could rest his
chin on his shoulder. He kept on until
he had progressed to the point where he
could turn his head directly backward
and look the other way. However, according
to surgeons who have seen
Laurello perform, the feat would in any
ordinary man result in strangulation or
dislocation of the vertebrae of the neck
with resultant damage to the spinal cord
and would probably produce instant
death.
of Uncle Sam
rom page 243)
handling the hoe and the cultivator.
Only recently, the first agricultural fair
was held on this island. The bulk of all
the seed now planted is of pure breeding
and is disseminated by the agricultural
station. Uncle Sam is conducting interesting
experiments in breeding and feeding
cattle, horses and hogs, and the natives
are paying strict heed to the results
which the agricultural experts obtain.
The destructive typhoons which are likely
to occur at any time are the only impediments
in the way of successful crop production.
One of these terrible storms
which whirled over the island at a speed
of one hundred and thirty miles an hour
destroyed all the growing crops. Despite
the cyclones, however, the natives are
taking kindly to farming. Corn is the
most popular cultivated crop.

VICTORY
Canary Songster
**\*3
The Victory Canary Songster produces
a more natural and effective
warble than any we have seen. The
imitation Is wonderfully sweet and
ferfect. The sweet musical notes,
he trills and warbllngs are perfectly
and easily produced, and at the same
time the automatic movement of the
bill and tall lend a touch of realism.
It will make dumb canaries sing and
teach parrots to warble In a very short
time. Handsomely finished ln Canary
Gold Color, with rubber tube and
mouthpiece. Each ln handsomely
decorated bos. PRICE ONLY 25
WONDERFUL X-RAY TUBE
A wonderful little
Instrument producing
optical Illusions
both surprising
and startling.
With It
you can see what is apparently the
bones of your fingers, the lead in a
lead pencil, the Interior opening in a
pipe Btem, and many other similar
Illusions. A mystery that no one has
been able to satisfactorily explain.
Price 10 cents; 3 for 25 c^nts; 1 dozen
75 cent.. JOHNSON SMITH & CO.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 307
The Dying Pig
Very pretty little curiosities and decidedlv
novel. Fitted with Magnifying Lenses t.iat
enlarge the pictures too very surprising decree;
in fact, it seems almoat incredible that a clear
picture could be possible in such a small compass,
and how sharp nnd distinct they show up
when you look through. Come in assorted
views—Actresses, views of Panama Canal,
Lord's Prayer in tvpe. etc.
Price 19c; 3 tor 40c, SI. 33 dot.
Mystic Skeleton
A jointed figure of ft
skeleton 14 ID. in
heieht, will dance to
gymtions and
cents each postpaid.
JOHNSON SMITH With & CO., a bunch Dept. of
STAGE
B96, 3224 N. Halsted hese St., bills, Chicago. it ls
easy for each
MONEY
person 6f limited
means to
appear prosperous.
By
flashing a
roll of these
bills at the
twists about -.-
proper time
a most lire-like
ind peeling 15c postpaid.
'off a genuine
bill or two from the outside of the roll,
the effect created will be found to be
all that can be desired. Prices, postpaid:
15 Bills 10c, 50 Bills 25c, 125
for 50c, or 53.50 thousand.
BLANK CARTRIDGE PISTOL
^Protectionagainst Burglars. Tramp*. & Dogs DDippO
50c.
POST*
The moat lauehabl
_ W«H math and ef­
Made of rubber, and
fective; modelled on
up and
latest type of Revolver;
>ilap_ea and
OPDo.r.D.e alone ia
finally _£e down' undd in the moat natural
eooajrh to scare a burs*
manner. You can ble
desired, and each time ime he wilt go through the IT. When loaded it may
to the great amusement I and delight of yo • friend. Price, 1- centa;
»e aa effective aa a real
t for 44 centa; on dozen 51.IS, mailed postrevolver
withont dapper to life., Ittaureaetana-
paid.
erd .23 Cal. Blank Cart_-i_3re Chicago
DANCING BEAU TIES ^V^VEE.
Get a Kinemetograph and see the/
picture move. France's latest ',
eens._n.in. A great surprise. Is !
worth twice what they cost. Are '.
made of solid brass, highly nic- _
kled and very durable. Satigfac- »
tory BOYS! or your money back. BOYS! Cflfi
pon't show your girL Price 3 U
Johnson Smith & Co., Dept.896,
Chicago
BOYSS
Serpent's Eggs
NEW BOOK ON
ROPE SPLICING
Useful Knots, Hitches,
Splices, etc.
A most practical handbook
giving complete and simple
direction for making all the
most useful knots, hitches, ,
rigginc, splices, etc. Over
100 illustrations. AM about
ing. blocks, tackles ete. j
37 HeralfMo Knots Illustrated.
Of great va'ue to
mechanics, riegers, campers,
boatmen. Price 20c ppd.
MAGIC FLUTE
Wonderfully Sweet Toned and Musical
THROW YOUR VOICE
i, m . Into a trunk, under
V_£_V !//«_< Lhe bed or an y -
PAIO
V. _]_iXf where. Lots of fun
fooling- the teach
er, policeman or
| friends.
THE VENTRILO
little instrument, fitsthe
mouth out off
sight, used with above!
for Bird Calls, etc. Any- (
one can use it.
Never Palls. A 32 paste boot on van*
trlloquism, the Ventrillo.ALLFOR IOCENTS
1000 Silk Remnants
for patching Crazy Qullta, Sofa Cushions,
Head Rests/Pin Pads etc. Large pieces, ull
colore and shadeB. Bnre to delight yoa.
___"_*v___ l_T\ _f^*»,—A-.stamps, we send
r OP lv VCnlSa large package
nnd Book ol qnilt designs. 3 packages-
25c. 1 pound makes a lovely large quilt.
Price75c postpaid. Our Bilk ls the o^st. ,—i Mr-wrM-r»
JOHNSON SMITH &CQ. Dept. 8S6, 3224N. Halsted Chicago
Wonderful III*
•trument. Great*
est thinfl
yet. Nine
s e pa rate
articles
ia one.
Everybo-
.. delighted
with it. Odd,
g BBfll-Or ^WB g|^ curious end interesting. Lota
c_ ^H£7il.25^^"^^^ o£ pleasure as well as very use-
Jul* It is a double Microscope lot examining the
wonders of nature. It is also an Opera Glass, a
Stereoscope, a Burning Lens, a Reading Glass, a Telescope, a
Compass, a Pocket Minor, and a Laryngascope—for examining
eye. ear, nose and throat. It is worth alt the cost to locate
even one painful cinder intheeye. Folds flat and fits the pocket.
Something great—you need one. Don't miss it,' Sent bv
man. with 800page Novelty Catalog, ONLY 50c or 3 for £1.25
Resurrection Plant
Tbe Mafia Flute, or Humanatone,
is a unioue and novel
musical instrument that is
played with noae and mouth
combined. There ia just a
little knack in plaving
it which, when once _._auired
after a link
A VERY striking and uncommon ring.
practice will enable you
to produce very sweet
music that somewhat
Silver finish, skull and er __•_•_•.- design, with
resembles J.r'm-.i.-', a flute. There
two brilliant, flashine gems eparklii-K out of tne ia no fingering, and on.
eyes. Said by many to brine Good Luck to the t you can play all kindi
wearer, hence ita name, Good Luck Ring. \ _ry and ease. When played ai
unique nr.j that you will take A pride ID, wea.__.t_. to a piano or any other musical instrument One of the most won­
ONLY 25 CENTS.
the efi'ct is as charming as it ia surprising
25o postpaid.
Address orders for all goods on this page to
derful plants known.
Possesses the strange
power of turning in
JOHNSON SMITH & CO.
^/xy-faft *
Oept. 896. 3224 N. Halsted St. Chicago
Our large catalog (300 Paget) of all the newest and best
novelties, unobtainable elsewhere, free with every order.
ew tuinnteB from
-Cz-^ai *an apparently life
less, dry herb to a
BEAUTIFUL LIVING FERNLIKE PLANTof adark green
color. Simply place the plant in saucer
of water, it will open up and start toy
JTindhi meni'inn Illustrated World
crow in 20 minutes. When taken out it /
when writing advertisers.
will summer JOHNSON In water dry up or SMITH again. winter. and CO. goto Ocpl. Fine 10 sleep 896, cents house untilnlaced|
32241». plant—« each Halsted, \ Chicago
Ei££ AGENTS WANTED

308
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"The Flivverboob"
(Continued from page 270)
indicate that in one respect find out the least possible time in which
Statistics
at least tlie female of the species is less
deadly than the male. The hand that
rocks the cradle is quite as steady and
sturdy at the wheel of a car. The number
of women wdio are running motor
cars these days is legion. And the care
and accuracy with which they negotiate
the highways is not at all surpassed, if
equaled, by their masculine friends.
To learn to drive a car is perhaps usually
more difficult for the woman than
WHY ACCIDENTS OCCUR
the distance from the beginning to the
end of her journey can be covered. Folks
riding with her can really enjoy the ride.
Here are some interesting figures on
flivverboobs:
Out of 12,000 persons killed on the
highways of the country last year. 7,000
were struck down at grade crossings.
Investigation has shown also that one
motorist in every three is careless at
grade crossings, approaching the railroad
As tabulated from an average of 1.000 reports filed with Automobile Club of Southern California.
Cent. Causes.
Per cent at Street or Road Intersections.
Overturning.
Failure to give "arm signal."
Abuse of "right of way" when technically It may be
yours.
Abuse of "right of way" when you endeavor to usurp it.
Cutting corners.
Per cent Between Intersections or in Open-Country
Driving.
Turning in middle of block.
Misjudgment of distance when passing other vehicles.
Excessive speed.
Failure to look for approaching traffic or give proper
signal leaving curb or roadside.
Attention diverted from street or highway.
Per Cent Cars Struck While Parked. Faulty brakes.
Incompetency in handling car In close quarters.
Cars left improperly parked.
Per Cent Faulty Brakes.
Lack of proper attention to efficient brakes.
Per Cent Skidding.
Imprudent attempts to stop or turn too quickly.
Overspeedlng.
Unavoidable.
i of 1 Per Cent Unavoidable.
Skidding.
the man. But having once mastered the
preliminary step the normal curiosity of
the woman leads her to find out everything
she possibly can about the machine.
She gets the instruction book and studies
all about the array of bolts and valves
and wires.
When it comes to courtesy on the road.
the woman driver is "polite." She keeps
to her side of the road. She stops when
the traffic officer holds up his hand. And
when she makes a mistake she apologizes
profusely.
But she doesn't often meet with a serious
accident. Her percentage of error
in this respect is much lower than her
brother's. Being a woman, she is less
inclined to take chances that have dangerous
possibilities. The flagman at the railroad
crossing never worries about her.
Her curiosity does not lead her to try and
Per cent. Causes.
10 Mechanical breakage.
4 Per Cent on Curves (Country Driving).
70 Out of position—on wrong side of road.
30 Overspeeding—entering curves too fast.
2 Per Cent with Street Cars.
4 0 'Street cars at fault.
tiO Motorists at fault—
30 Automobiles not under control.
28 Failure to observe approaching street car.
15 Motorists endeavor to "beat" street car across
intersection.
12 Misjudgment of speed of approaching street car.
12 Stopping too close to turning street car and being
"sldeswiped." •
3 Stalling motor on street car tracks.
2 Per Cent Glaring Headlights.
1 Per Cent Collision Involving Bicycle or Motorcyclist.
50 Cyclist at fault.
50 Motorist at fault.
1 Per Cent Pedestrians Involved.
Lack of proper warning signal by motorist or his failure
to see pedestrian.
"Jay walking" by foot traffic.
20 4-5 Per Cent Miscellaneous Carelessness.
striking garage doors.
Backing into trees, posts, etc.
tracks at a reckless speed and without
taking due notice of approaching trains.
The Pennsylvania and Southern Pacific
Railroads, especially, have been heavy
sufferers from grade-crossing accidents.
On the Southern Pacific lines alone during
the past three years, 1909 motor cars
and trucks were wrecked at grade crossings.
In 490 cases, or more than 20 per
cent, the motorists deliberately ran into
the trains. In 122 instances motor cars
plunged through the crossing gates.
Nine crossing flagmen were struck down.
In 970 cases in which motorists ran in
front of the trains, 136 persons were
killed and 405 were injured. In 490
cases, automobiles stalled on the crossing"
and were demolished. Forty-three cars
actually collided with the danger signals.
Which brings us to the question: Why
is a flivverboob?

If you have prostate disorder—bladder
trouble—get up frequently
at night, there is-positive and rapid
relief for you—without drugs or massage—without
pain or discomfort—privately at home. Our free book
tells all. Doctors, Osteopaths, Physical Culture directors.
Sanitarium experts use and endorse our method. Easily
used by anyone. Very simple. No matterwhatyou have
tried or how old your case our methods will bring results
or money back. Write for free illustrated booklet.
Do it now. Reliel for you is at hand and at small cost.
Electro Thermal Co. 3415 Main St., Steubenville. O.
DEAFNESS IS MISERY
I know because [ina Deaf ana had Head Noises
hi over 30 years. My invisible Antiseptic Ear
Drums restored my hearing and ilopped Head Noises,
and will do it for you. They are Tiny Megaphones.
Cannot be seen when worn. Effective when Deafness
is caused by Catarrh or by Perforated, Partially or
Wholly Destroyed Natural Drums. Easy to put in,
easy to take out. Arc "Unseen Comforts." Inexpensive.
Write for Booklet and my ivom
Statement of how 1 recovered my hearing.
A. O. LEONARD
Suite .5 1,70 5ih Avenue . . New York City
AGENTS: $60 A WEEK
taking orders for Kerogas Burner
Fits any stove. Burns kerosene (coal oil), cheapest fuel known.
Quickly lighted; turns off by valve.
Clean
Odorless
A.o Smoke
Easy to get orders on account of high price and scarcity of coal.
Work spare time or full time. Write for Bample.
Thomas Mfg. Co. B-589 Dayton, Ohio
Why Good Dancers
Arc Popular jpf
EVERYONE admires and wants to dance
with the person who knows the latest
steps. There is no need of being a wallflower!
By m.v remarkable new easy method,
anyone can learn the newest dances at home
in a few honrs. Much less expensive than
from a personal teacher. No music or partner
needed. So simple even a child can
learn quickly. 60,000 have learned dancing
by mail. Your own success is guaranteed.
To prove I can quickly and easily make >ou an
accomplished dancer, I will send you FREE, in
plain cover, a lesson in Fox Trot, Secret of
Leading and How to Gain Confidence. For
mailing of free lessons. Bend 10c. Learn in
private—Surprise ynur friends. Act now and be
a good dancer soon!
ARTHUR MURRAY
Studio 442
100 5th Ave., N.Y.
^O Days' Free Trial
%J \sW Select from 44 Styles, colors and elzea.
famous Ranger bicycles.Delivered free on approval,
express prepaid, at Factory Prices. You can easily
save 810 to 825 on your bicycle.
1 AWsmftiCtnl-t-IV on .nyRansrerif desired. Parenta
• ynOnUDlU-rU/ cfL-nadv_j.cc-first deposit, boys
• •I and girls can easily earn small monthly .aym.rit..
T . bent quality, at factory prices. exprettM prepaid.
\faAf\ 11*09 Lamps, Cycl' wheels and Company
eqnipment, low prices. Send
No Money, do business d-rec- with makers. •
|Tlt?ClU_ept. D - 29 Write today for fn*
Ranger Catalog, fa.
tory prices nnd n_~
. Chicago lone easy payment
Wrestling Book FREE
Be
I'.,,
an expert
an pTi.ert
wrestler.
wrestler.
Learn
Learn
at borne
at home
by «•
by - — •
I mail Wonderful lessons prepared by world a champions Fa......
iBurns and Frank Gotch. Free book tells you how. Secret
holds block* and tricks revealed. Don't delay. Be strong,healthy.
Handle big men witb ease. Write for free book. State your age.
|Farmer Burnt-, MjffBgmge Building, Omaha, Neb.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 309
I Guarantee
To Train You
Until You Are Placed
in a Position Paying
$
•5110 Month
—Chief Draftsman Dobe""
Write and I'll tell you how I make you
first-class, big-money-earning draftsman
in a very few months! I do this by a
method no other man or institution can
imitate. I give you personal training at
home by mail. And I mean just what I
say. I train you until you are actually
placed in a position paying from $250.00 to
$300.00 per month. Six thousand draftsmen
are wanted every month. Hurryup
and register so you can start earning.
I Give 17DI717
YOU T ItE-Ili
This $25 Outfit of Drafting Tools
High-grade plated instruments. Every one you need.
Packed in a handsome plush lined case. Just the kind
I use myself. Write to me. I am giving it entirely
and absolutely free.
Send This FREE
Coupon To Me I-
It costs you nothing but a stamp to send the coupon
for my free book, "Successful Draftsmanship" that
tells you all. It tells you how my students get the
good positions and how I can afford to train you until
you get YOUR position. Remember, 6,000 men wanted
every month. So, hurry! Register early because I
can take only a tew students. Send coupon NOW !
.............. Without any obligation whatsoever. Chief ple_3e Draftsman mail your book, D
niv. "Successful 9387. Draftsmanship." 4001 Broadway, and full particulars Chicago, III. of your
liberal "Personal Instruction" offer to a few students.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

310 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The White Gold Pirate
Washington officials for us to open the
vault and look into it ?"
"Certainly, although I warn you we'll
have our trouble for our pains," was the
reply. "It may take a day or two for the
chief to cut the red tape and get that
permit. In the meantime we can lay low
and try to nab Mr. Pirate. I don't suppose
you would object to letting a couple
of my men loaf around here within sight
and hearing of that telephone? I want
them to be on hand in case the quarry
makes the foolish move of coming in."
"Send them right along. If he should
happen to be close to this place they
might be able to catch him before he got
away."
Barry left then and Goodwin called his
assistant. "I will have two government
operatives hanging around for awhile,"
he explained. "I want them to hear
whatever is said if the platinum seller
calls up again, so you might get an
amplifier that can be hooked on to the
telephone receiver and throw his voice
out distinctly into the room. Then—"
(Continued fi om Page 254)
Parking
{Continued
hanging crest, down the sheer wall to a
great shining glacier six thousand feet
or more below. The view on all sides
was remarkable. Perched high upon our
isolated pinnacle, fully fifteen hundred
feet above the loftiest peak for many
miles around, below us lay, unfolded,
range after range of brown-gray mountains
patched with snow and sometimes
glacier - hung, intersected by deep
chasms or broader, wooded valleys. We
counted a dozen lakes nestled between
the outlying ridges of our peak, which
proudly stands upon the backbone of the
continent and supplies the headwaters of
three rivers—the Cross, the Simpson and
the Spray."
Too strenuous, you say. Then keep
to the lower levels of lakes Vermilion,
Emerald, Louise, O'Hara, Maligne,
where the colors are more vivid and
varied than those on an artist's palette.
There are fish in many of the lakes, fish
that make the easterner's fish-story tame
in comparison.
For those who refuse to be parted
He bent over and talked low and
earnestly and in his eyes was the suspicion
of a twinkle. The assistant nodded and
went to work. The amplifier connected
to the telephone, he wheeled up back of
Goodwin's chair and directly facing the
mouthpiece of the amplifier a cabinet-like
piece of furniture with a projecting funnel-shaped
contrivance not unlike the
sounding horn of an old-time graphophone.
"All set, sir," he reported.
"And here come Barry's men," said
Goodwin. "Just in time, too, perhaps,"
as the shrill clamor of the telephone bell
smote the air.
The assistant waited only for his superior's
confirming nod to dash from the
room. A moment later he was back and
Goodwin, clapping his hand over the
transmitter of the telephone, heard him
call to the operatives: "He's talking
from the Somerville Hotel—in the next
block—from a private booth in the
lobby."
(Continued in the November Issue)
with Pan
'rom page 250)
from their motors for a fortnight the
Canadian government is carving out of
the mountains a mighty road, stretching
northward from the border and linking
up the whole western park system. And
this road is not cheapening the solitudes
one iota. A hundred yards to either side
primeval nature still holds sway, the goat
and the grizzly going' about their wonted
business unafraid. That is the chief
wonder of it all.
Man is trespassing upon the last
haunts of Pan without frightening the
shy creature away. He is learning to
keep his clumsy fingers of. the noblest
works of God, to worship without desecration,
to hunt without bloodshed, to
seek pleasure without dissipation. He
is learning to meet his fellow man from
all countries and societies on a common
ground—the playground. He is parking
with Pan "in the evening dews and
damps" and forgetting the futile and
fretful, prides and prejudices, even politics
; in short, he is letting the Pipes of
Pan make him in every sense a Man.

BOXING
Jiu-Jitsu
Wrestling
Here it Is—tbe famous Marshall Stillman Course in boxing, jiu-jitsu
and wrestling, now at the extraordinary price of S2.97 instead of £5.00!
85 lessons, .81 pages, 246 illustrations!
In wrestling you learn 15 Jiu-jitsu holds—how to disarm an opponent,
how to break a strangle hold, etc.—and 14 of tbe best mat holds—the Gotch
Toe Hold, the Stecber Scissor Hold, the Head-lock, etc.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 311
85 lessons mu over 2 illustrations °°
With the course you get a Free History of 69 Famous Boxers, witb
their pictures and "inside" stories about them.
SEND NO MONEY: Simply oil in and mail the coupon. When
Sooner or later you'll have to "whip your man". It may come to­ you have the course in your bands, merely deposit 97 cents with the postmorrow.
A bully insults you, your sweetheart or mother. Do you swallow man. Then examine the course for 10 days — try it out thoroughly. At
tbe insult.' No, you figbt, but unless you know more about boxing and the end of 10 days either send us tbe small balance of $2 in final payment or
self-defence than your opponent, you're the one who's going to get licked. return the course, and we'll send your deposit back. Mail tbe coupon to
You re not playing fair with those who love and depend upon you un/esi Marshall Stillman Association, Dept. l__!2-__, 42nd St. & Madison Ave.,
jou prepare yourself. And think of tne sport you're missing. There's
New York.
barrels of fun in friendly boxing bouts and wrestling matches. Vou may
-COUPONeven
box rings around that "chap who thinks be knows it all" or pin his
shoulders to the mat.
HARSH ALT. STII.LJIAN ASSOCIATION
Dipt. llliSK, 4'Jud St, and Madison Ave., New York.
Marshall Stillman teaches you the game right in your own home from
the simplest rudiments of hitting and guarding to tbe most ccientitic blows
Vou may send me on approval the Marshall Stillman Course. I will deposit
97c with the postman, with the understanding that if, alter 10 clays, I
and guards such as the Benny Leonard Triple, the Jack Dempsey Triple, the wibh to return the course I may do so and iny money will be refunded. If
Fitzsimmons Shift, etc. So quickly do pupils learn that many outbox
bigger opponents after only two weeks' training.
1 keep the course I am simply to send you two dollars in final payment.
NAME
AGENTS $175
YOU CAN
Sell This For I
MY! HOW THEY SELL!
ONLY 20 Boies A Day MeansS18.00 Dally Profit
You pet the interest with the free Shear.. Walter Harris sold 800 boxes
in 6 Weeks, Profit over $100.00 a week. A total retail value of $4.60. A
real bargain at $1.76. The array of fine toilet goods (that always appeals
to milady's heart) will dazzle her eye, and when at the end of your
talk yoo state the low price of 91*76 for these 11 articles, with the
-bears FREE, the money is yoors, even if she has to borrow,or beg it.
I A * UAIlf t Sells like hot cakes year'round. A baby could sell
Awl RUfwi Lucky 11. Don'tdelay aminute. Savetime. Bend 11.76
for complete outfit including display _a. e At least write for circulars
explaining our unique plans, including 30 other packages. ACT NOW.
ADDRESS .
THIS BOOK
On Home
Beautifying
SENT FREE
Contains practical suggestions
on how to make your home artistic,
cheery and inviting- explains how you can
easily and economically refimsh and keep
woodwork, furniture and floors in perfect
condition.
— Building??
"Doubtless you want the most house for
the least money. Our book will help you
realize that ambition without 'cutting corners.'
Explains how inexpensive woods can
be finished as beautifully as more costly
varieties. If, after receiving book, you
wish further information, write our Individual
Service Department. Experts will
gladly solve your problem for you without
charge.
We will gladly send this book free and postpaid for the
name and address of the painter you usually employ
to do your work."
E M. DAVIS CO., Dept. 4S97 CHICAGO, ILL. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. I.W. 10. Racine, Wi..
Kindly mention Illustrated World when "The writing Wood advertisers.
Finishing Authorities"
Canadian Factory- Brantford)

312 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Across the Arctic Dead Line
(Continuedfrom page 184)
facilitating use of airplane to join the
Maud and deliver scientific instruments
while she is not far from Wrangle."
The other two instruments besides the
radio direction finder are equally important
in the scientific work to be done on
the Maud, as they will facilitate mapping
the unknown regions, aggregating over
one million square miles in the Arctic,
where the Maud is headed for, from the
air ; and will also revolutionize the oceanographic
work of the expedition.
The R-34's success proved the efficiency
of the radio direction finder, and while
the NC seaplanes were not successful
with their radio, it would be unfair to
charge that against the finder, because
the NCs did not try to use the radio as a
compass. I have been assured by the
highest authorities that it is perfectly
feasible to tune in with the Eiffel Tower
and fly from New York to Paris guided
by the Eiffel's calls ! And the tremendous
importance of the radio equipment has
already been demonstrated. The Maud
has been in daily touch with Norway and
Nome and has already rendered services
of scientific importance by communicating
Arctic weather reports. But for the
sidized. It only wants the American
people to awake to the value of the plane,
and to spend a tithe of what we yearly
spend on automobile highways to put
America on the map again.
Those whose hearts are centered on the
airplane industry do not attempt to
frighten America into flight. Instead
they are trying to awaken us to the possibilities,
the value and the rewards of
air transportation. They are not pointing
to the inevitable disaster that awaits us
if we enter war equipped for aerial battle
as we now are.
Everyone recognizes that the next war
will be fought in the air. Planes flying
from one hundred and fifty to two hundred
miles an hour can now drop threefour-
or five-thousand-pound delay-action
bombs, a single one of which can blow a
dreadnaught out of the water.
Tomorrow, England, France or Japan
can send ten airplanes aloft to every one
The Land of the Broken Pinion
(Continued fro tn page 30Sl
radio it would have been impossible to
give in this article the information regarding
the decision of Captain Amundsen
to transfer the airplane to Point Barrow
and to learn the successes already
achieved by the Maud in her bouts with
the Arctic ice.
Her radio enabled the Maud to flash
the message, "We are leaving for the
Arctic," after she transferred Captain
Amundsen, the two pilots, and the airplane
to the schooner Holmes. That
meant that she had already successfully
negotiated the dreaded passage through
the gates to the Arctic—Bering Strait—
and entered the Great Arctic Circle. A
few days later we learned by radio that
she had crossed the Arctic dead line.
The Maud has started on its great
adventure, to do what no one has succeeded
in doing before. I do not fear
failure in the transpolar flight on account
of the human element—No ! I only fear.
first, the danger of accident in starting
from uneven ground with a load of over
five thousand pounds of fuel, men and
instruments, and second, the possibility
of motor failure. The other problems are
of little importance compared with these.
we can coax from the ground—and the
planes of those countries are designed for
battle and kept in perfect condition.
These great powers are designing even
their package or express carrying planes
for speed and bomb dropping. The
pleasure and passenger planes %re built
for greater speed and for combat service.
If America entered war next month.
only a miracle could save our sea fleets
from being blown out of the water by
airplane bombs, or protect our cities from
raiding flyers. Today we are not only
unbelievably backward in airplane transportation,
but are practically defenseless.
What we do toward getting the American
Eagle a-wing, toward patching his
broken pinions and toward getting our
country out of the dust and into the air
so that America can fly to its rightful
position of leading the world's aviation,
depends upon the everyday American—
upon you and me.

@IA
First quality
new cord tires
fully backed by our
ironclad miles. guarantee for 10,(
Tires Tubes I
Tires Tubes 3__5-..-_«-9._0$l 75
3(W3 S7 25S1.J0 33x.H 20 15 1.80
S0x3'5 b 95 1.30 S4x4H 20 76 1.5
32x3HU 60 1.35 35x4 21 95 1 90
31x4 12.75 1..0 36x.H 24.20 2.00 Guaranteed
32x4 13 95 1.45 33x5 26.50 2 15
33x4 14.S8 150 35x5 27.50 2.25
34x4 15 it5 1.60 37x5 29 00 2.50 10000
Made in oar factory of the best
mutcrials money can buy. These
cre runred, sturdy Cords that run Miles
many miles over their guarantee.
SEND NO MONEV. Write and tell us the size of yiar tlrea and
how many you want. Shipped C. O. D. Section unwrapped for
ynur inspection. West ot Rockies, cash with order. Money
cheerfully refunded if not satisfied.
CHARLES TIRE CORP., DEPT. 549
23*2 WABASH AVE., CHICAGO, ILL.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 313
• I
FOR A FEW CENTS
A DAY
;J50al
I SEND NO MONEY
/, Looks Itke
$350°-2SolUa
Honey
J*** _
Don't send a single penny.
Ten days Free Trial.
When the ring comes
eximineit—if you are not
convinced it is tho Greatest
Bargain in America, send
it back at our expense, j
Only if pleased. Bend S1.50 J
weekly—at tho rate of a
few cents a day. Thin Burtain
Cluster King wit'j 7
Ire-White Perfect Cut .-
Diamonds'anbe yours. p R \
No Tend red t.day. tapa. It No pictures risk. (
thousands of Bargains.
Addresa Dept. 1457
^RlkTrrl Million Dollar rprr
Bargain Book • JiLC
J.M.LYON £,CO.\
2-4 Maiden Lane N.Y.\
PATENTS
Booklet Free
Highest Reference* Promptness Assured Best ResulU
Send drawing or model for examination and
report as to patentability.
WATSON E. COLEMAN, Patent Lawyer
624 F Street WASHINGTON. D. C
Open and tent thousands of different locks. Tell
jo,i instantly if your door or padlocks are burglar
proof Serve in emergencies, too. Novel key
chilis FREE. Send $1 toduy. Agents Wanted.
Mention if interested when ordering.
MASTER KEY CO.
7 Manhattan Block Milwaukee. Wis.
"I Got the Job!"
''I'm to be Manager of my Department
starting Monday. The boss said he had
been watching all the men. When he found
I had been studying at home with the
International Correspondence Schools he
knew I had the right stuff in me. Now
we can move over to that house on Oakland
Avenue and you can have a maid and
take things easy. I tell you, Nell, taking
that course with the I. C. S. was the best
thing I ever did."
Spare-time study with the I. C S. is winning promotions
for thousands of men and bringing happiness to thousands
of homes all over the world. In offices, shops, stores,
mines, mills and on railroads, I. C S. trained men are
stepping up to big jobs, over the heads of older men, past
those whose only qualification is long service.
There is a Job Ahead of YOU
Some man ia going to be picked for it. The bosB can't
take chances. He is going to choose a trained man with
sound, practical knowledge of the work.
Get busy right now and put yourself in line for that
promotion. You can do it in spare time in your own home
through the I. C S., just as more than two million men
have done in the last 30 years, just as more than 130,000
men are doing today.
The first step these men took was to mark and mail this
coupon. Make your start TEAR the OUT same HERE way—and make it now.
INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
Box 5424-B, Scranton, P.nna.
Without cost or obligation, please tell me how I can qualify for
position oc ln the subject belore which I have marked an X:
BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT
• Business Management
• Industrial Management
• Personnel Organization
• Traffic Management
• Business Law
• 'tanking and Banking Law
Q .ccountancy (Including C.P.A.)
• Nicholson Cost Accounting
• Bookkeeping
aSalest-iuiis-i-.
• Advertising
• Better Letters
QForeign Trade
B
nStenography and Typing
Business English
Civil Service
Q Railway Mall Clerk
B Private Secretary
• {.'ommnn School Subjects
Business Spanish • French • High School Subjects
TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT
• Illustrating • CartooninE
• Electrical Engineering
• Architect
• Electric Lighting
• Blue Print Reading
• Mechanical Engineer
Contractor and Builder
• Mechanical Draftsman B • Machine Shop Practice
Architectural Draftsman
• llailroad Positions
• Concrete Builder
3'ias Engine Operating
• Structural Engineer
II Civil Engineer
• Plumbing and Heatlnn
'Surveying and Mapping
• Chemistry • Pharmacy
^Vfetallurgy
• Automobile Work
~1..team Engineering
• Navigation
3-tadio D Airplane Engines Agriculture and Poultry
Name
8Mathematics Street
Address..
City State
Occupation
Persons residing in Canada thould tend thii coupon to the International
Corretpondence Cchooln Canadian. Limited, Montreal. Canada
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

314 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
WHITING-ADAMS
BRUSHES
ALWAYS SUIT - NEVER FAIL
FOR SAp * AIJL EVERYWHERE
KINDS «'
Paint Brushes
Varnish Brushes
Toilet Brushes
Artists' Brushes
Household Brushes
Railroad Brushes
VULCAN
Rubber Cemented
Brushes
Send for Illustrated Literature
JOHN L. WHITING-J. J. ADAMS CO.
BOSTON. U. S. A.
Bru.k Manufacturer, for Over 113 Year.
and the Large.t in the World
J. W. Holcomb Howard Thi.l H. Grantham
You Can Play
the Saxophone
Learn a tune in one hour. Many
without musical experience have
done so. So can you.
Exclusive features make Conn the
world's finest saxophone—easiest
to play. Endorsed by the famous
artists shown here, and many more.
Write now for details of Free Trial,
Easy Payment plan.
C. G. CONN, Ltd.
1051 Conn Bldg., Elkhart, Ind.
R_LD*S
LARGEST MANUFACTURERS
OF HIGH GRADE BAND AN[>
ORCHESTRA INSTRUMENTS
EMM
This illustrated, instructive
book on how to select, train
and feed your dog will be
mailed you FREE with a 3j
months' introductory subscription
to America's most
popular DOG, HUNTING
and FISHING Magazine.
Send 25c (stamps or coin)
today.
| SPORTSMAN'S DIGEST PUBLISHING CO.
3S1-A Butler Bide, Cincinnati, O.
Raise Silver Foxes
Easy to raise. Larger profits '
than any other live stock raising.
Stands strictest investigation.
Recommended by Government.
4 different plans.
T^
One will suit you. Complete
description free. Send today.
C.T.DRYZ Box 1018, Eagle River, Wis.
TAILORING*____________
A ^ P k | V ( Tailoring agents earn $50
|||]Cli I Jto $100 a week selling vir-
W A M T F fit ^ n wo °' tailored-to-order
WA\rM i c. I—9 suits and overcoats direct
to wearer. All one price, $29.50. Wonderful values.
Rich assortment of fabrics. We furnish 6x9
swatch outfit and free advertising. Protected territory.
Comm issions paid daily. Will train inexperienced
men who are honest, industrious, ambitious.
J. B- SIMPSON, Inc. 831W. Adams St, Dept 2u. Chicsr*
PHONOGRAPH OWNERS: GOOD NEWS
No More Changing Needles! No More Scratched and Rui
The Everplay Needle cannot injure your records like the steel needles. Tbe
playing point consists of a fine, soft, special alloy wire 9 inches long, coiled
within the needle. It is extended as used by a turn of the little star head, each
adjustment playing thirty to forty records. It exactly fits the record groove
at all times, bringing out every note and vibration without the surface
noise and scratch. Cleans and polishes the grooves; saves $25 to
$40 in steel needles and much more in wear of records. Can be ad- <
justed loud r soft. Will last a lifetime. Guaranteed to play 27,000
records needle. and ice the $1.00—IOc last as perfect extra if as C. the O. first. D. Adds to the appearance
jf your phonograph, and fits all reproducers just like an ordinary
Agents wanted everywhere - in,. ..tr. I ,f _r r> r_ McClurg Bldg., Chicago, Actual s I
—Do Him a Favor—
Your newsdealer is under a steady expense
to maintain a store for your convenience.
He must order his magazines in advance
without being sure of selling them all. Help
him by telling him to save a copy of
ILLUSTRATED WORLD for you every month.
Thus, you will do him a favor and insure
yourself against ever missing an issue. Or,
if you wish to subscribe, give your subscription
to him. He is authorized to take it at
the regular rates.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Kindly mention Illustrated World ivhen writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 315
Plenty o/Heat
WthoutCoalorWood
Instant-Gas
Cheaper than coal or wood, cleaner, no work, no
dirt, no ashes, soot or smoke. No building of fires,
no wood boxes or coal buckets. No shortage of fuel,
no high prices and no strikes to worry about. No
Blaving with hatchets, axes and shovels. No dirt
and ashes to make work for you.
MAKES GAS IN ANY STOVE
Don't worry with dampers, flues and pokers. Don't interrupt yourself a hundred times a day just
to keep the fires going. Don't be satisfied with a heat that is never what you want it. Use INSTANT-f_AS
TURN ON THE HEAT AND FORGET IT
Have as much or as little heat as you need, twice
as much as coal or wood if necessary. Instant-
Gas ia started, stopped and regulated with a
simple valve. Better cooking and baking because
you can have the heat you want. Better heating
because it can be controlled No ops and downs
to ruin your cooking and give tbe family colds.
Less work because all you have to do is to keep
the reservoir supplied with kerosene.
WHY BURDEN YOURSELF
with coal or wood fires when Instant-Gas is lust
as economical and saves all the work? Can be put
in any hearing or cooking stove In a few minutes
at a cost of only a few dollars. No dcilling, cutting
or other damage to stove. Gaa i _•___,_ e from
Our Guarantee assures every customer full protection. You
can't afford to overlook these wonderful quality tires at such Inw
prices. Brand Haw— High Grade—Cords Guaranteed 10,000
Miles and adjusted at list price on that guarantee.
Tires Tubes Tires Tubes
30x3 % 7.19 5 1.12 82x4 1-2 119.42 f 1.95
30x3 1-2 8.98 1.35 33x4 1-2 20.05 2.05
32x3 1-2 11.65 1.40 84x4 1-2 20.60 2.10
31x4 Clincher 12.80 1.45 85x4 1-2 21 90 2.30
31x4 Str.Side 13.46 1.46 86x4 1-2 23.65 2.35
32x4 13.98 1-46 83x6 25.85 2.60
33x4 14.95 1.65 86x5 26.95 2.60
34x4 15.85 1.66 87x5 28.05 2.76
HUSH ORDERS I DON'T DELATt No money In sdvance. Just
write today to be sure of getting sizes and number of tires you
want. Shipped C. O. D. Section unwrapped for your inspection
WILSON TIRE CO., Dept. 125. 2804 So. Wabash Ava., Chicago
P^
TRADE MARKS.COPYRIGHTS
Prompt* Personal* Reliable Service
Over 30 years' active practice before the Patent Office
and the courts. Book explaining terms free.
Box E. 12, N. G. IJ. Building SIGGERS
Washington, D. C,
Boost ing
AGENTS
Oor free [if-raiore tells
how others are makin?
and how yon can make
tremendous profits as
agent for the Instant-Gas.
Men and women —part
time or all time. Write lada?
for agency and sample
automatically. All you have to
do Is to start it-a mere matter cf turning a valve.
applying a match and then regulating th. bin:.- to
the proper beat. From then on you are FREE,
The fire will take care of itself. Already giving
satisfaction in thousands of homes.
THIRTY DAYS' TRIAL AT OUR RISK
You can try this wonderful burner in your own
home without any risk whatever We are nnTious
to prove to you at our awn risk what a great time,
trouble, labor and money saver it ia. Write today
for our thirty-day trial effer and special low price.
INTERNATIONAL HEATING CO.
45S4 North Broadway ST. LOUIS. MO.
HISTORY-/
EWORLD
We will maii free a
beautiful 32 - page
booklet of sample
pages containing
pictures of great
characters in history,
to all who mail
the COUPON.
$1 BRINGS
I BOOKS
S 1
Weekly
Pays for
Them.
10 Volumes
6000 Pases
1000 Pictures
BARGAIN !
Now as never before is vour chance
to buy this famous HISTORY which
you have always wanted. We will name our
price and easy terms to all who mail the
coupon below.
Six Thousand Years of
Thrilling History
Read the lives of Socrates, Caesar, Cleopatra,
Napoleon, Cromweli, Washington and
Columbus. Here is the romance, the heroism
and the tragedy of all the hosts of history.
Tear off coupon. Write name and address
plainly and mail now before you forget.
FREE COUPON
1 WESTERN NEWSPAPER ASSOCIATION 10_22
• 110 So. llearltorn St., Chicago, III.
Please mail your 32-page free sample booklet of The History of tho
| World, containing sample pag.s and photographs of great characters in history,
and writo me full particular, of your special offer to Illustrated World
i readers.
• Name
Address.
Illustrated World is doing yourself a good turn; for remember, the
more readers we have, the better magazine we can give you for the same
price. Tell your friends about us.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

316 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
BringingHome theJiacon
Swiftly, economically, comfortably, a Harley-Davidson
speeds you and your pal anywhere—far from the hum-drum
of the city, to hidden haunts where the sport hasn't been
spoiled by the crowds.
Ten improvements for 1923, including new
brakes and a roller-bearing hub, firmly establish
the Harley-Davidson as the standard of motorcycle
value.
Reduced prices on 1923 models! Only $285
for this famous Twin, the luxurious speed-mount
that travels 50 miles on a dollar's worth of "gas",
oil and tires!
See your dealer for demonstration. Write
us for new illustrated literature.
Address Desk A-2, HARLEY-DAVIDSON MOTOR CO., Milwaukee, Wis.
sSfe
m. &fc_s_h-»
Qju m Wr%&
NEW
Bailt for practical work
sawing logs. Users so?
CUTS V'lt'flthe trick"—"Rana
M P W *EM UP7 Easy"-"Cut8 Fart."
"XDorl&s Champion Motorcycle
Attractive dealer's proposition
for unassigned territories.
ThrottMnf ^~y HfeagainstdefectsJ
Governor ENGINE
Runs on either KEROSENE
\ or GASOLINE. With traa
A attachment added FOG can
\ Saw 'em Down
Cut 'em Up
\\ Use engine for pumping
V\ or oth-r belt work. Wi
Complete Information
. WITTE ENGINE WORKS,
N 2123 OaklandAv..Kan-asCitv "
2123Emplr_ Building,
Pittsburgh "
We Pay $7.00 a Day
taking
orders for
Can't
Clog
Coal Oil
Burner
Most perfect burner ever invented. Intenseblueflnine. Oiin'tcloK
up. Turns any

K«fHl4ttD»)»
— i
II '.MM. nl
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 317
' "•'•'X """ ,,,,,,,,,...-.»-*•

318 ILLUSTRATED WO^
^ attention to your nppearauce
is an absolute necessity
if you expect to make the
most out or life. Not only
should you wish to appear as
attractive as possible for > our
own self-satisfaction, which
is alone well worth your
efforts, but you will find the
world in general judging you
greatly, if not wholly, by your
'looks," therefore it pays to
"look your beat" at all times.
Permit no one to see you
looking otherwise; it will injure
your welfarel Upon the
impression you constantly
make rests the failure or success
of your life. Which is
to be your ultimate destiny?
My new i\03e-Sfiaper
"TRADOS" (Mode) _16) corrects now
ill-shaped nosea without operation,
quickly, safely and permanently.
Is pleasant and does not interfere
witn one's occupation, beintr worn
at niirht.
YOU HAVE A BEAUTIFUL FACE
BUT YOUR NOSE?
Before After
Write toda y for free booklet, which telle you how to correct ill-shaped noses without cost if not satisfactor
M. TRILETY, Face Specialist, 1789 Ackerman Bldg., Binghamton, N. Y.
•DTPADEJ «T\ MARK . 0 •"¥"•
ne&JJe&W lools
"Red Devil" Pliers
Multiply the Strength
of Your Hand
kHEY grip as your
fingers can't possibly
grip. No slipping,
no bruised knuckles. They
impart a giant's strength
to your hand and wrist
— they are your fingers
of steel.
"RED DEVIL"
J Plier No. 654
141 A serviceable steel tool for
|\1\ good work. With it you can
^GL repair many things yourself,
that you would otherwise
pay to have done.
The long nose gets into
hard-to-reach places.
At reliable dealers or from
us, $1.20 for a 6-inch size.
Mechanics' Tool Booklet
Free.
SMITH & HEMENWAY CO., Inc.
267 Broadway New York, N. Y.
[TOT]
$135 to $190 a Month for Life
Every second week off with full pay—no "lay-offs"
because of strikes, poor business, etc.—sure pay—rapid advancement
to higher positions. City and country residents stand
same chance. Common sense education sufficient—no political
influence. Examinations likely in every city very shortly.
CANDIDATES PREPARED FREE
if Fall cxumin-ition places. Every day'e
oaching—.o write at once.
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, Dept. H-181, Rochester. N. Y.
Learn Cartooning
At Home—In Your Spare Time
from the school that has trained so many
of the successful cartoonists of today earn
ing from $50 to $200 and more per week.
The Landon Picture Chart Method of
teaching makes original drawing easy to
learn. Write for full information and chart
to test your ability. Please state age.
THE LANDON SCHOOL J
465 National Building, Cleveland, Ohio """"
Five
The Midget
in - One" Slide Rule
*,
is a combination Mannheim, Polymetric, Log-
Log, Binary, Addand Subtract S'iie Rule. It
will instantly add, subtract, multiply and divide
any combination of whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers and decimals. Gives
every root and power, also Loirs, Sines, and
Tangents. Made of aluminum with scales on
white celluloid. Size 4 in. Approved and adopted
by colleges.
Price with Instructions. $1.50. Leatherette
Case 60c. extra. Catalogue Free.
GILSON SLIDE RULE CO., Niles, Mich.
Only $45.00 For Thi3 Job Complete
Savs 6__horbIt__nt freight rat*, intone-half
original cost by boyio?
Ford Speedster Bodies
knocked -down. Simple,
com[ilet. InstrocLions
furnished, all parts cut
to exact fit. Any ono
can assemble this job.
~ iplete with hood, radiator
ll, instrument board, o phot at* ^^^*r Not Paper Patterns
ertng. metal parts, wood parts. All Parts Complete
bolts scewa, etc. Fiat radiator i-icll famished mads op. Designed low
with lack of wind resistance. Price aet Qp59J, farther p-Lrticul&rs on request'
|TheC«ntra.AatoSupp.yCo. En?. Pep, T>i Ujjjfjjjg, Ky.
Sell Your Services to the Highest Bidder
We need high class solicitors and salesmen to represent a
high class magazine.
GOOD PAY-AGREEABLE WORK
Write to-day for full particulars
ILLUSTRATED WORLD, CHICAGO
Mail This Coupon
Write Plainly
Use It Before You Lose It
COUPON
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, Dept. H>181( Rochester, N. Y.
Kindl)
'ithout any obligation whatever on my part and entirely
'~ of the position checked hcjow; '"'
una tion questions; 13 1 hn copy of copy Huh t I'd hook "Governnt
Positions ami How to Get Them (4) A list of U. S. Government-lobs
nowopen;

I
i l
To the Man with an Idea
I offer a comprehensive, experienced,
efficient service for his prompt, legal
protection, and the development of
his proposition.
Send sketch or model and description,
for advice as to cost, search
through prior United States patents,
etc. Preliminary advice gladly furnished
without charge, .
My experience and familiarity with
various arts frequently enable me
to accurately advise clients as to
probable patentability before they
go to any expense.
Booklet of valuable information, and form for
properly disclosing your idea, free on request.
Write today.
RICHARD B. OWEN, Patent Lawyer
19 Owen Building, Washington, D. C.
2276-M Woolworth Building. New York City
$1395 GoodyearQamcoat
Goodyear Mfg. Co., 1308-RD Goodyear
Bldg., Kansas City, Mo., is making
an offer to send a handsome raincoat
free to one person in each locality who
will show and recommend it to friends.
If you want one write today.
THE HONE BUILDERS GUIDE
L 0. BJOSTAD, Architect
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 319
AT I A*_Tf ^ rea ' home pi &n b °9 k bo ok contains
plans and drawings for homes of .
every type and good reliable information
in regard to construction, written
ao every ono can understand ft. If you
are planning to build it will pay you to send SI
for thia .8 page illustrated book. We will
be willing to answer any questions in regard
to building free to purchasers of the book.
Write today.
440 Pnlladio Building, Dulnth, Minn.
Violin, Hawaiian Guitar. Ukulele.
Guitar, Mandolin, Cornet, Banjo-Ukulele, Tenor Banjo or Banjo
Wonderful new system of teaching note music by mall. To flrtt
pupils In each locality, we rive a (20 superb Violin, Mandolin,
Ukuiele, Guitar, Hawalin Guitar, Cornet, Tenor Banjo or Banjo absolutely
free. Very small charge for lessons only. We guarantee sno*
cess or no charge. Complete outfit free Write now. No obligation,
tLINGEBLAHO SCHOOL OF MUSIC, lac. Dept-110, CHICAGO, ILL.
"Will say I am
highly pleased; find
it does the work
of $ 100 machines.
Have had several
friends to see it;
they were surprised
that 1 got
such a good machine
for the money.
'I had an opportunity
to investigate
the other
makes of typewriters
and have
come to the conclusion
there ia
more real value in
your niachine at the
price."
"I am well pleased with the typewriter and my friends
have expressed surprise that a machine of such value
could be turned out for the price. My son at the State
Normal School says it is the smoothest running machine
he ever tried and in many respects superior."
"Am pleased with typewriter; will take another five
machines."
BIG SAYING-FREE TRIAL
This beautiful machine is the only brand-new(unused),
standard, full-size typewriter with a 4-row, 42-key. 84character
Universal keyboard thatyou can buy for less
than $ 100. It comes direct from factory to you at practically
the wholesale price of other high-grade typewriters—a
remarkable saving. Use Annell' on your work
ot our expense, put it to the test for ten days; then if it
doesn't satisfy you in every way, return it to us and we
will refund even the express charges. Vou take no risk.
Could anything be fairer?
Easy Terms
While you are using the machine, small monthly payments
scattered over a period or more than a year
make it easy and convenient to own this full-size,
brand-new (unused), 4-row, standard-keyboard typewriter.
Mechanical Marvel
Strength and simplicity are the outstanding qualities
of this machine. It embodies the ideas and experience
of mechanical geniuses who have been making typewriters
for generations. Every essential operating
convenience is possessed by Annell', including the
4-row. 42-key, 84-character Universal standard keyboard.
It will last a business lifetime and is fully covered
by an ironclad guarantee.
Send Coupon Today
ANNELL
for complete information about tbe greatest of
all typewriter offers. Don't miss it* Act now.
/CDCCX TYPEWRITER
t R t t A COMPANY
W NOT AN ORDER -MAIL TODAY fflj
ANNELL' TYPEWRITER CO.
693 No. 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago.
Send me free catalog and complete information
about your wonderful typewriter offer: this places
me under no obligation.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when zvriting advertisers.

320 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
AUTO
BOOKS
We've Cut the Price in Half
SAVE 23 DOLLARS
Earn increased hundreds. The biggest paying field in the world is the
automotive industry. In it there is big pay and a steady job for every man
who qualifies for a place. You can qualify with these books, they are the
finest, most comprehensive automotive reference library ever compiled.
It covers every phase of the industry. With these books within easy reach
you can solve at onceteny problem that may confront you. Everyone who
has purchased a set says they are the real
PAY RAISING BOOKS
EXAMINATION
DON'T SEND NONET
They contain absolutely everything you want to know about the upkeep, - t
care and repair of motor vehicles and tractors. Written in plain, easy to
understand English; there are 2600 pages, 2300 pictures, diagrams and blue
prints—bound in flexible morocco, gold stamped.
Just fill in the coupon and the entire library will be shipped you by express,
If you want to be the man in your shop who can solve any automotive
collect, so that you may use them right in your own home or shop for sev­
problem—if you want to get ahead—if you want to make more money—if
en whole days without any obligation. Put them to work — show them to
you want to succeed in the automobile or tractor game — send today for
your friends—ask them what they think of them, and if you are not abso­
this library of reference books. They are yours for a week's
lutely satisfied that they are the greatest reference library in the world,
send them back without cost of another penny to you — if you decide to
keepthem, send us $2.80 within 7days and balance $3.00 month, until the
special reduced price of $21.80 is paid. Mail the coupon TODAY.
FREE EXAMINATION COUPON
American Technical Society, Dept. A-277 Chicago, 111.
Send tne the 6 volume Bet of Automobile Engineering books for a week's fre
trial, by express collect. I will either return the books in one week at yoor expense
or aend you 12.80 oi first payment and $3.00 every month until a total of
$21.80 ia paid.
Name „
Addreaa
City State-
Employed by -
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 321
In every man's life there is one Big Moment
when he makes the decision that either robs him
of success — or leads on to fortune.
Your One Chance to Earn
The Biggest Money of Your Life t
H A V E you ever considered why our richest men
come from our poorest boys? Isn't a strange
thing that it is almost invariably a young fellow
who starts life without a cent ln the world, without
education, without influential friends—in short, without
one single solitary advantage—who accumulates
millions of dollars? Isn't it a miracle that inside of
a comparatively few years a man can rise from abject
poverty to fabulous wealth?
The Secret That Makes Millionaires
Astonishing, certainly—but more Important, it ls
wonderfully inspiring. For it means that no man need
be held down by circumstances. Once he knows the
"millionaire's secret," he can put it into operation
regardless of all obstacles that seem to block his path.
He suddenly finds that everything he touches turns to
gold—money flows in upon him—fortune showers him
with its favors. Everything he wants seems to come
to him just as surely and easily as day comes after
night.
What is this amazing secret that can work such
wonders? It is just this: The thing behind all big
achievement is Opportunity.
To every man there comes one BIG Opportunity—the
golden chance of his life. And in the moment he decides
for or against that opportunity—whether he will
seize It or let it pass—he decides the whole future
course of his life.
Choose Between Low Pay and Magnificent Earnings
This very minute you may be face to face with your
BIG Opportunity—your one chance to earn the biggest
money of your life! Right now your decision may
mean the difference between a life of plodding, routine
work at low pay and a career of inspiring success and
magnificent earnings.
For now you are offered the very opportunity that
has made other men rich, that has brought them more
money than they ever dreamed of earning.
It is the same opportunity that lifted Warren Hartle
to C. W. Campbell of Greensburjr, Pa., a clerk on the
railroad, a position that paid him $1,562 in thirty daya.
These men and hundreds more have found their Big
Opportunity in the wonderful field of Salesmanship.
They are all Master Salesmen now. They are earning
the biggest money of their lives—more than they ever
thought possible—they are engaged In the most fascinating
work in the world—they are Independent, come
and go as they please—they meet big men—every minute
of the day ia filled with thrilling variety.
Your Hig Opportunity may be here, too. in the wonder field of
Salefimanship. Perhaps you Bay you have never even thought of
becoming a Salesman, But before you decide one wav or tlie other,
examine the facts for yourself. See what S__lei.i__an-.hip offers you
— why It is the be^t paid of all vocations—why there is no limit to
what you may earn. Read the amazing proof that no matter what
you are doing now, you can quickly become a Master Salesman in
your spare time at home—read how the National Salesmen's Training
Association in its nation-wide search for men to fill the great
need of Salesmen, has devised n wonderful system that reveals to
you every Secret of Selling without interfering in the least witn
your present work. See how this famous organization helps you to
a good position in the line of Selling you are best fitted for.
Facts That Will Amaze You—Sent Fr
Mall thecoupon below. This will not cost you a penny—
you under no obligation. It simply means that you will receive, entirely
FliEE, a wonderful, illustrated Book '.Modern Salesmanship"
and Proof that you can be a master Salesman. Vou will
receive, also, the personal stories of men throughout the country
who to-day are enjoying magnificent success ana earning five, ten
and fifteen times as much money as ever before.
Send NOW—this minute may be the turning point in your life.
Address, National Salesmen's Training Association, Dept. 45-8,
Ohicago, Name 111.
• •• tm -MB -__• •_• ___• BM .__• _____ .___• OB -__• «• _B-H IBS •
Address. — ,
National Salesmen's Training Association
Olty Dept. 45-S, Chicago, III.
I simply want to see the facts. Send me FREE your Boot
Age
"Modern
Occu
Salesmanship"
pat Ian..
and Proof that I can become a Master
Salesman. Also tell how yon can help me to a position and send list
of Chicago out of a job in the railway mail service of lines with opening for Salesman.
where in ten years he had Kindly never mention gotten beyond Illustrated $1,600 World when writing advertisers.
month a jumped year, as Charles and a farm-hand, landed Berry him of to in Winterset, $1,000 a $10,000 a month. Iowa, a year from It job. brought $60 It a

322 ILLUSTRATED WOKLU
$80 Drafting Course Free
Write to me for this offer I am now making to every one of my students, I do
exactly as I tell yoa—giveyoa an opportunity to get an$80 drafting course free.
Drawing Outfit Free
/ am also offering to each student a complete drawing outfit
which I believe cannot be purchased any place for less than $25.
A Special Ivorine Pocket Rule FREE!
for sending copy of drawing shown at left hand_sid<
COPY this drawing today and send it to me, giving me your age.
There are no conditions requiring you to buy anything. So, if
you are interested in drawing, send in your sketch right away.
I will give you free, just for sending a copy of this drawing, a 6-inch
Ivorine Pocket rule and a 6x9 book on "Successful Draftsmanship."
Chief Draftsman Dobe, of the Engineers' Equipment Company, is making
this offer to interest ambitious men who would like to better themselves at bigger
salaries, doing work whicn brings big pay and at the same time leading to
greater advancement. There will be thousands of positions open this year paying
from J3.000 to $3,600 a year. The great building boom all over the country
is causing this great demand, and industrir.1 activity in the mechanical line
makes it worth your while to give this opportunity your immediate attention.
$
250 Copy this sketch to*300 a Month
Mr. Dobe is very much interested Positions paying in finding $250 to these $300 per month, Mr. Dobe which knows ought now to be is filled the time by to skilled get ready draftsmen and
men and calling to their are attention vacant everywhere. the great future There in are he in knows every part that few of this men country realize this ambitious so well as men, h_. who So
draftsmanship-7-how when with a practical man enters training into this and pro­ personal in assistance, order to interest will be men qualified everywhere to fill he these wants positions. to see
fession, he is in an uncrowded field and how with
surprisingly little effort he may rise to the salary of
from $3,000 to $3,600 a year.
Ambitious boys and men, between the ages of 16 and
50, are wanted by great business concerns, and the
man who is ready when opportunity calls him, gets
the high grade positions and highest pay.
No man can hope to share a part in the great coming
prosperity in manufacturing and building, unless he
is properly trained and able to do first class, practical
work and is ready when he is called.
FREE—this $25
Draftsman's Working Outfit
These are regular working instruments, the kind I use
myself. I give them free to you if you enroll at once.
Don't delay. Sand for full information TODAY!
if your copy of the drawing shown above indicates
you might have drafting ability.
If then, Dobe believes that you do possess this
ability he will tell you how he will train you personally.
This training is given by mail and he guarantees
to train a limited number of students under this agreement
to give practical drafting room training UNTIL
placed in a permanent position at a salary of $250
to $300 per month.
To any student that Mr. Dobe accepts for his personal
training, he will furnish a complete draftsman's
working outfit absolutely free. This outfit consists
of all instruments and tools required by any first
class draftsman, and Mr. Dobe believes it cannot be
duplicated for less than $25.
Considering that Mr. Dobe selects and limits the
number of students for training, it is very important
that you act promptly and send in your reply either
with your sketch or without a sketch at once, asking
for full particulars.
H»willsend you atonceafreebook e_titled"Successful
Draftsmanship" in addition to all other information,
telling you how you may learn drafting at home.
Mail Your D ra
ing At Once—
and Get Ivorine Pocket Ruler
Chief Draftsman, Engineers'Equipment Absolutely Co., FREE! 4001 Broadway, Div.
Kindly mention
Ambitious men, interested in drafting, hurry! Don't
wait 1 This is your opportunity in this great profes­
Illustrated World
sion.
when
Accept
writing
in your sketch
this
or request
offer
advertisers.
Pocket Rule. Address:
which
for FREE
Mr. Dobe
Book
makes.
and Ivorine
Send

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII NOVEMBER. 1922 No. 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Hydro-Electric Era Is Here Littell McClung 340
Football Generalship Walter H. Eckersall.. 347
One of the Greatest Gridiron Players of All Time.
The Car, the Hunter and His Gun Ernest Coler 353
An Intimate Glimpse of Norway . Alfred E. Henderson. 358
Human Nature as a Burglar Sees It 363
Beating England at Her Own Game P. A. Vaile 366
The Decline and Fall of British Golf.
Don't Move to "Sightless Town" H. E. Pine 371
"Spore Hunting" Is Latest Airplane Sport Ernst H. Wiecking... 376
Where Gold Is Handled Like Metal in a Foundry L. W. Pedrose 379
Vanishing Forests William W. Fairbanks 380
Housekeeping in a Great Zoo P. Harvey Middleton. 385
No More Floods in the Miami Valley Emerson Robinson .. 389
Nature's Own Art Gallery George S. Artell 392
Masons' Memorial to Washington Hamilton M. Wright. 396
The First Trip Around the World J. B. Lockwood 399
Strange Creatures of Deep Waters Everett Spring 402
Phonograph Built Out of Driftwood 405
The White Gold Pirate Merlin Moore Taylor. 406
To Catch That Big One Fred B. Ellsworth. .414
Like Stories About Indians ? 417
Tom and E!le—Navajos—-Howard Gruehl.
They Call Him "Mole Tequop"—T. Benjamin Faucett
Helpful Hints for the Home 423
Added Attractions Harry I. Shumway... 428
Is Your Car Properly Equipped with Accessories?
When Royalty Takes to Motoring George Sutton, Jr.. .. 436
The "Man-of-All-Work" Circus Tractor 437
How Steep Is the Hill? J. H. Freeman 438
The Latest in Accessory Equipment 439
An All Purpose Water Float L. B. Robbins 440
The Oil Stove as a Heating Plant 445
After the Circus 447
An Economical Little Bungalow Charles Alma Byers.. 449
Building the Kansas City Speedway Under Difficulties in
Record Time 450
MANY OTHER FEATURES
See Next Page
Illustrated World should be on the news stands on the 10th of the month preceding the date of issue. If unable to get tbe magazine
on the 10th you will confer a favor by notifying the Circulation Manager. News-stand patrons should instruct their News-dealer to reserve
a copy of Illustrated World, otherwise tney are likely to find the magazine "sold out."
TERMS: S3.00 a year: 25 cents a copy. Canadian postage. 2S cents additional. Foreign postage, 75 cents additional. Notice of
change of address should be given thirty days in advance to avoid missing a number
R. T. MILLER. Jr.. Publisher
Advertising Office: Pobticatioo Office: Eastern Advertising Office:
Peoples Gas Building. Chicago Drexel Avenue and 58th St.. Chicago 120 Fifth Ave , New York City
Copyright, 1922. by Illustrated World
Published monthly- Entered _3 second-class mail matter at tbe Postoffice, Chicago. 111., under tbe Act of March 3, 1879.
Entered as second-class mail mallei at the Posloffice Department, Canada

Dear Reader:
Hundreds of new members are daily joining the
ILLUSTRATED WORLD'S large family of readers.
Because of this fact, and our conscientious efforts to
please, it would be extremely gratifying to us to have
expressions regarding this magazine from as many of
our readers—both new and old—as possible.
We are vitally interested in knowing just what
articles in this issue you like especially well, and why.
Are there subjects which are not treated in these pages
that you would like to see "covered" by us? Do you
like to read scientific fiction? Do you find the Household
and Home Mechanics departments helpful?
Would you like to see several pages of latest jokes in
every issue?
As a matter of fact, it would be of inestimable value
to us if you would "hit straight out from the shoulder"
with your comments and criticisms of the magazine,
as we then would have a pretty fair idea of the class of
material that you as an ILLUSTRATED WORLD
reader would like to read.
Bear in mind, please, that it is our policy to produce
the best general interest magazine in the field—a magazine
that will interest everyone, the professional man,
business executive, office clerk, factory hand, automobile
owner, farmer, and the boy, as well as the woman
in the home. How well we are succeeding along these
lines is being reflected in two ways—in our rapidly increasing
circulation and the widespread quotations
from and reprints of ILLUSTRATED WORLD'S
articles in other magazines and newspapers in all parts
of the world.
Such expressions from our readers will serve to
help us in producing just the kind of magazine you
want, as far as it is humanly possible to produce—a
publication which will please everyone alike.
In short, we are striving to make a magazine to
please YOU. Obviously, YOU can help us greatly
toward this end.
Yours for the best magazine,
Editor.

ILLUSL RATED WORLD 325
/ Want 235 Salesmen
WhoWanttoEarnat-east'SOOOaTrear
Mr. B. M. Oliver, President of the Oliver Oil-Gas Burner & Machine Company
This Proposition Brings Some Men $1000
K N O W I N G that this magazine is read by the
progressive type of salesmen I take this means
to "tell the world" that I want to get in touch
with some live wire salesmen—I am not lookfor
supermen—just fellows who have confidence in
themselves—and particularly the fellow who wants
to make real money ; say about $5,000 a year or more.
Big Money for Right Men
I want to show you the way to big money. Many of
my sales representatives are averaging $500 a month ;
some earn $1,000 a month. Right on my desk here
I've got a letter from F. W. Bentley, of Philadelphia,
telling how he made $215 in one day—and one from
A. M. Russell, of Hartford, Conn., who made $660 in
one month. I have scores of other similar letters ln
my files—from R. Berger, of Ontario, who makes
$250 a week ; from J. Carnegey, of South Dakota,
telling how he is making $1,000 a month ; from W.
Drew, of Michigan, who makes $85 a day. There is
no reason under the sun why you should not make a
minimum of $100 a week right from the start.
I want you to be the representative of the famous
OLIVER OIL-GAS BURNER—an invention that in­
Every Home Wants This New
Invention
The Oliver Oil-Gas Burner does away with coal and
w T ood. Banishes all worry about strikes, scarcity and
high prices. Turns any range, furnace or stove into
an oil-gas stove. Sixteen different models. Burns
5% kerosene (coal oil) and 05% air. Think of the
appeal you can make in every community! Cheaper
than coal, wood or gas. Absolutely safe and always
dependable.
Does away with drudgery—no fires to make, no ashes,
dirt, smoke, chopping, carrying coal and wood. Easy
to install. Doesn't change stove. Protects health
from exposure and uneven heat. Eas.v to demonstrate
—slips in any stove in one minute. Show any woman
what it will do and and the sale is made.
Write Me at Once
Now, if you are ambitious and really want to connect
with a live proposition then just drop me a line
and tell me about yourself. Write me ln full confidence.
I can assure you that this is a real oppor­
stantly turns any cook-stove, heating-stove, or furnace tunity for ambitious salesmen who want to give all
Write today and I will promptly forward you full details with absolute proof
into an oil-gas stove, giving an even oil-gas fire—an or part of their time to a device that people are
that you can make a minimum cf $5,000 a year as an Oliver Salesman
intense clean flame—in any stove or furnace at the clamoring for.
turn of a valve, with three times the Address heat of coal B. M. and OLIVER, President
wood and none of the bother or dirt.
OLIVER OIL-GAS BURNER & MACHINE CO.
2019-W OLIVER BUILDING ST. LOUIS, MO.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

326 ILLUSTRATED WOii^
I AM THE HAPPIEST MAN IN THE WORLD
When dawn breaks I am singing, why shouldn't I
when I always jump out of bed feeling full of pep and
thrilling with vitality.
I am happy in my work, teaching my pupils all day
long. I am happy because THEY are happy watching
their muscles and strength increase day by day.
WHY SHOULDN'T I BE HAPPY?
I have robust health, strength and my muscles are
always filled with energy. Let me tell you fellows it
is a wonderful feeling to always feel lively and never
tired!
HOW ABOUT YOURSELF?
Have you all the energy you desire?
Have you the strength and development that a real
man should have?
Have you the personality—the force—that makes
you practically a dynamo—a human magnet that
draws everyone to you, and which is bound to make
you successful and happy.
If vou lack any of these things by all means send
for my latest 64 page book. "MUSCULAR DEVELOP­
MENT."
IT IS FREE
This book contains dozens and dozens of full page
photographs of myself and some of the numerous
strong men I have trained. It will interest and thrill
you, and act as an inspiration, IT IS FREE. All I
EARLE E. LIEDERMAN
PERSONAL APPEARANCE
is now more than ever the key-note of success. Bow-Legged
and Knock-Kneed men and women, both young and old, will
be glad to hear that I have now ready for market my new
appliance, which will successfully straighten, within a short
time, bow-leggedneasan.t knock-kneed legp. safely,quickly and
permanently, without pain, operation or discomfort. Will not
interfere with your daily work, being worn at night. My new
"Lim-Straitner," Model 18, U. S. Patent, is easy to adjust; its
result will save you soon from further humiliation, and improve
your personal appearance 100 per cent.
Write today for my free copyrighted physiological and anatomical
244-L. book Ackerman which tells Building you how to correct BINGHAMTON, bow and knock-kneed N. Y,
legs without any obligation on your part. Enclose a dime for
postage. RADIO & AUTO Storage Batteries Charged
M. TRILETY, SPECIALIST
FROM A LAMP SOCKET At a Cost of a Few Cents With An
SasM mm _*__>y F-F BATTERY BOOSTER, which la a Full Wave M _»-
I W% /£__F^-__k netic Reccifier for 105-125 volt 60 cycle A. C. Leave Jctterp
1 "il as it is in YourCar. SnapBoosterCiipsonBatlerr
•mmals. Turn Switch & Battery Wi'i be i hanjed in
the Morning. AMMETER Eliminates J HGuessWork.
|A Complete Portable Automatic Charging Unit, with
Infusible Carbon Rectifying Brushes, which Charges
Uninterruptedly. Noskiil ia required. A FullyCharjred
Battery StartaCar& Iruckyuick. thus fewer Expensive
Replacement Storage Batteries must be bought, when
Kept Fully Charged: So it Costa Loss to Buy a Booster
than lobe without one. Do Not Think Your Battery dead
and worn out simply bemuse it will not start YoarCar.
Buy a Booster. Fill it with Life and Hen- F.neWSnin.
76caCharge. Lasts Lifetime. POPULAR PRICES
Type6charges'A' 6 volt Battery at6 amperesS15
TypeBchargesRa

TUi ARK TWAIN once said that the average man
*** didn't make much use of his head except for the
purpose of keeping his necktie from slipping off.
And Prof. William Tames claimed that the average man
uses only about a tenth part of his brain.
How about you ? Are you using your head simply
as a scarf-retainer? Are you using only 10 per cent of
your brain? Are you sitting, discouraged and discontented,
at the foot of tbe ladder simply because vou don't
think?
Mind is the measure of every man.
Mental power—not physical power
—wins business battles and builds
bank accounts.
The man with brains to sell fixes
his own price, but the man who
brings only brawn to market must
be satisfied with the lowest wage
that brute force brings.
In every age, in every clime
and in every field of human endeavor
the trained thinker wins
where the thoughtless toiler fails.
Twain, Tames, Edison, Roosevelt,
Rockefeller, Schwab, Carnegie,
Woolworth, Wanamaker, Morgan,
Hill, H: rriman, Ford, Marconi, the
Wright Brothers and all other successful
men reached their goals not
because they knew how to use their
muscles, but because they knew how
to use their minds.
Only One Road to
Success
Yes, indeed, there is only one
road that leads to success, and that
is the mental road. If you expect
to accomplish anything: wor'li
while by any other method than the
development and use of your mental
faculties, you are simply deceiv
iiig yourself. And tbe biggest fool in
the world is the man who fools himself.
Isn't it simply absurd, when you stop to think about
it, that most people are striving for success and yet are
doing absolutely nothing to strengthen and develop their
minds, which is the only part of them with which they
can ever hope to win success.
The principal reason that the trainer! thinker gets
ahead is because he has so little competition.
The unthinking toiler works hard for small pay because
almost anyone can do his work.
What are you doing—as the days go by—to develop
your mind? Are you more efficient mentally than you
were a month ago—or a year ago?
Missing Success By A Hair's Breadth
The difference between success and failure is often but
the breadth of a hair.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 327
Get This New Book
Get this FREE We have BOOK just published a new
[f interested in
learning
"Why do so many men never
amount to anything? Because
they don't THINK."
— Edison
This book will give you some
valuable information about
a new, practical system of
constructive thinking that
brings business and personal
achievement.
The man who is making twice as much as you are,
has nowhere near twice the intellectual ability. The
man who enjoys an income of $ 10,000 a year is not
five times the mental superior of the man who receives
only $2,000.
Prob bly the man who makes $1,000 a month is only 10%
to 20% better trained mentally than the man wbo is trying
to make both ends meet on $ 100 a month. This is a
fact. And it should be a most encouraging fact to
every man who wants to be somebody and get somewhere.
Improve your mental power only 109o and you will
multiply your earning capacity by
at least 100%.
book—The Secret of Mental Power.
We will gladly send you a copy
How to think like an arrow.
How to compel attention.
free of charge upon request. And
we want to state—as forcefully as
we know how—that you will find it
one of the most interesting mind-
How to master important probspurring books you ever read.
lems.
Send for a copy today. It tells
How to overcome fear and .-bout the most practical, common-
worry.
sense system of constructive think­
How to "tune up" your mental ing—the easiest and quickest method
motor.
of mind-building ever discovered—
How to develop new methods.
the secret of developing mental
How to originate new ideas.
power in a way that is as fascinating
as a game.
How to learn quickly and easily.
How to attract valuable Now Is friends. The Time
How to have more Send time for The play. Secret of Mental
How to out-think the average
man.
How to make your mind a men-
tal mazda.
How to stop thinking in circles.
Power now. Do not delay. Do not
put it off. Tomorrow you may
forget all about it. And the loss
will be yours, not ours. For although
we have printed an edition
of 20.000 copies, we do not expect
to have a single one left at the end
of thirty days. They are going—
and going fast. Therefore, act at
once, for as Sophocles so truly said,
"Heaven never helps the man who
will not act.'*
Mail the coupon now. Or, send a postal if you prefer
Independent Corporation, Dept. RM-11411, 15 'West 37th
Street, New York.
FREE'BOOK COUPON"
Independent Corporation,
Dept. EM-11411, 15 West 37th Street, New York.
Gentlemen: Please mail me at once—without expense
or obligation of any kind—a copy of your free book. The
Secret of Mental Power.
Name
Address
Town State
111. World 11-22
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers,

328
High School
Course in
Two Years!
You Want to Earn Big Money!
ILLUSTRATED „ ,__._._.
And you will not be satisfied unless you earn steady promotion.
But are you prepared for the job ahead of you?
Do you measure up to the standard that insures success?
For a more responsible position a fairly good education is
necessary. To write a sensible business letter, to prepare
estimates, to figure cost and to compute interest, you
must have a certain amount of preparation. All this you
must be able to do before you will earn promotion.
Many business houses hire no men whose general knowledge
is not equal to a high school course. Why? Because
big business refuses to burden itself with men who are
barred from promotionbythelackof elementary education.
Can You Qualify for a Better Position
We have a plan whereby you can. We can give you a complete
but simplified high school course in two years, giving
you all the essentials that form the foundation of practical
business. It will prepare you to hold your own where
competition is keen and exacting. Do not doubt your ability,
but make up your mind to it and you will soon have
the requirements that will bring you success and big
money. YOU CAN DO IT.
Let us show you how to get on the road to success. It will
not cost you a single working hour. We are so sure of being
able to help you that we will cheerfully return to you,
at the end of ten lessons, every cent you sent us if you are not absolutely
satisfied. What fairer offer can we make you? Write
today. It costs you nothing but a stamp.
I American. American School School of Correspondence,
of Correspondence
Dept. Dept. H848 H848 Chicago, Chicago. 111. U. S. A.
I
..Architect.
Explain how $5,000 I can to $15,000 qualify for positions $5,000 checked. to $16,000
..Building ArM-ifsr-t Contractor.
..Mechanical .Lawyer. Engineer.
$5,000 ta $10,000
$4,000 to $10,000
..Automobile l'.neineer.
..Shop Superintendent.
$4,000 to $10,000
$3,000 to $7,000
..Automobile Repairman.
..Employment Manager.
$2,600 to I..O00
$4,000 to $10,000
..Civil Engineer.
..Steam Engineer.
$5,000 to $15,000
$2,000 to $4,000
..Structural Engineer.
..Foreman's Course,
$4,000 to $10,000
$2,000 to $4,000
..Business Manager.
..Photoplay Writer.
$5.MO toM5,000
$2,000 to $10,000
..CertifiedPublic Accountant ..Sanitary Engineer.
$7,000 to $15,000
$2,000 to $6,000
..Accountant and Auditor.
..Telephone Engineer.
$2,500 to »7,000
$2 600 to $5,000
..Draftsman and Designer. ..Telegraph Engineer.
$2 500 to $4,000
$2,500 to 86,000
..Electrical Engineer,
..High School Graduate.
$4,000 to $10,000
In two years.
..General Education.
Name In one year.
..Fire Insarance Expert.
Address.. $3,000 to 810,000
I've heard your neighbor
praise the Pathfinder, the
onderful illustrated news and story
pappr published at Washington for people
^everywhere. This paper is the Ford of the publishing
r worId; has half a million subscribers. Chuck full ofjuat the
kind of reading you want. Unequaled digest of tbe World's
news. Question Box answers your questions. Stunts for children; realfun
for all. Exciting serial story starts soon. Send 15 cents (coin or stamps)
today for this big 31 paper 13 weeks. You will be more than plesBed.
PATHFINDER, 638 Langdon Sta., WASHINGTON, D. C.
BOYS! BOYS! BOYS!
THROW
YOUR
VOICE
Into a trunk, under the bed or
anywhere. Lots of Fun fooling
the Teacher, Policeman or
Friends.
THE VENTRILO,
__. _ a Utile instrument, fits In the mouth out
of __e.it, used with above for Bird Calls, etc Anvone can nse It
NEVER FAILS. Also a 82 PAGE BOOK
which gives full Instructions on Ventriloquism. Formula for
Secret "Writing [Invisible Ink], 12 Money Making Secrets |fl_J
and 10 BIG TBICKS OX MAGIC all for \W
BOY. NOV. CO., Dept. 722. 8o. Sorwilk, Conn,
LARGEST and OLDEST Ma> Order House ln Connecticut
Violin, Hawaiian Guitar, Ukulele
Guitar, Mandolin, Cornet, Banjo-Ukulele, Tenor Bank) or Banjo
Wonderful new system of teaching: note marie by mall. To first
Pupils In each locality, we give a «20 superb Violin, Mandolin.
Ukuiele, Guitar. Hawalin Guitar, Comet, Tenor Banjo or Banjo abeolately
free. Very small charge for lessons only. We guarantee success
or no charge. Complete outfit free. Write now. No obligation,
UIHGEBLANQ SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Inc. Dept.110, CHICAGO, ILL.
ELECTRICAL
Training Book FREE
Send me your name and address and I will send you my blf
new
.,i~«*rleal Training Book Free. I« will show you how to
qualify for high paying Jobs In Electricity. Thousands now open.
Prepare at home—quickly—during spare time under an Electrical
Engineer. Take advantage of this unusual offer—only lempoml.
». W. WICKS, President WICKS ELECTRICAL INSTITUTE
Oept. 127S 3SO! Michigan Ava. CHICAGO
LAW Standard Text-Books. Approved by Bench nnd Bar.
High-Grade Instruction
(By Correspondence)
Prepares You for
I the Bar —Est. 1893
University Methods
Graduates practicing in every state. Send today for
Free Catalog and New Tuition Plan.
Chicago School of Law
803 Reaper Block Chicago, 111.
M4\]4mWi /ne/te COLLAR.
Ml ffJ\JL3l ^J For trial, a sample of our slyle Ruben*, M,
^ " " " • 'f >' nu ?entj 2 cents in V S. stamps for 1
^^L /o\ M postage and state size wanted fli
R|[^4_________________i Reversible Colli. Co .D-pL117&o«.o_. Mm H
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

Foremen and
Superintendents
$1800 to $5000 Yearly
Office Manager or Auditor
$1800 to $5000 Yearly
Carpentry and
Contracting
Five volumes, 2138 pages and
more than 400 illustrations.
Prepares for Contractor, Building
Superintendent and Carpenter
Foreman. Regular
price$37.50. Special price $19.X
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 329
Learn to Fill
Bigger Shoes
Engineers fall kinds)
$2000 to 96000
Yearly
0 matter what kind of
work you are doing
now, a set of these
great home study books will
quickly fit you for a bigger
and better paying job.
We will send any set
you select for one
week's free examination,
and if you want
to keep them you pay
only the special reduced price—at the rate of 10
cents per day. This is your opportunity to make more
Mechanical money—grasp and Automobile
it NOW. Use these Steam books and Gas a little
Architectural spare time Drawing and Engineering
LEARN TO FILL BIGGER SHOES.
Foar volumes, 1578 pages end
more than one thousand illustrations.
Prepares for Architectural
or Mechanical Draftsman.
Regular price, $80.00.
Special price, only $14.8"
Six volumes, 2C00 pages and
2000 illustrations. Prepares for
Garage Foreman, Automobile
Mechanic cr Chauffeur. Invaluable
to car owners. Regular
price$46.00. Specialprice$21.80.
Engineering
Seven volumes, 3300 pages and
2500 illustrations, plates, diagrams,
etc. Prepares for Stationary,
Marine or Locomotive
Engineer or Fireman. Regular
price $52.50. Special price $24.8r
Civil Engineering Electrical Engineering MachineShopPractice Law and Practice
Nine volumes, 3900 pages and
3000 illustrations, plates and
diagrams. Prepares for Civil or
Structural Engineer, Transitman,
Estimator, Designer or
Chief Draftsman. Regular
price $67.50. Special price $34.80.
Telephony and
Telegraphy
Four volumes, 1728 pages and
2000 illustrations, plates and
diagrams. Prepares for Telephone
Engineer, Wire Chief,
Exchange Manager, Trouble
Man or Telegrapher, Regular
price $30.00. Special price 114.80.
Eight volumes, 8800 pages and
2600 illustrations, plates and
diagrams. Prepares for Electrical
Engineer, Power Plant
Superintendent, Substation Operator
or Electrician. Regular
price$60.0.. Special price $29.80.
Fire Prevention
and Insurance
Four volumes, 1500 pages and
600 illustrations, diagrams,
forms, etc. Prepares for Counterman,
Rate Clerk, Inspector
or Agent. Regular price,
$30.00, Special price, $14.80.
DON'T SEND HONEY.
Six volumes, 2300 pages and (with Reading Course in 25
2500 illustrations. Prepares for bound pamphlets). Thirteen
Macbine Shop Saperintendcnt volumes, 60.0 pages and 24 illus­
or Foreman, Foundryman, Pattrations. Prepares for all Bar
tern Makor, Tool Designer or Examinations. A wonderful
Tool Maker. Regular price, aid to business men. Regular
$46.00. Special $21.80.
price$97.50. Specialprice$49.80.
Sanitary, Heating and Accountancy and
Ventilating Engin'ring Business Management
Four volumes, 1454 pages and Seven volumes, 2700 pages, and
more than 1400 illustrations, 2000 illustrations, forms, etc.
etc. Prepares for Sanitary Prepares for Certified Public
Engineer, Heating and Venti­ Accountant, Auditor, Office
lating Engineer, Master Manager, Accountant, Credit
Plumber or Plumber. Regular Man, or Bookkeeper. Regular
price- $30.00. Special price IU.80. price$52.60. Special price$29.80.
Write the name of the books you want on the coupon and mail
it today. We will send the books at once, express collect, and
you can use them just as if they were your own for a whole
week. If you decide you don't want to keep them, send them
back at our expense.
Only IOC ^ you "^e t ' le books, as thousands of other
B It men have after examination, just send us $2.80.
$3.00 each month.
"Cr D3Y You can send the balance of ____________
for 7 day', examination, shipping charges collect. I will examine the |
Start right now and learn to fill bigger shoes. There books thoroughly and, if satisfied, will send $2.8U within 7 days and $3.00 ,
will the be special a better reduced job looking price tor the you same if you way— do. Be Famef-tan Technical Society, Deer. X378, Chica.o, ill.1
ANERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY
Dept. X378, Chicago, III.
I
I each Please month send until me set I have of paid the special price of $ If I decide I
ready to meet it when it comes. Send the coupon now. • inot ft\r to y _-i-U*_i keep the DV.minatinn books, I will ohinninT return nlifirn-an them by _.-.ll_i-»- express f at TX71II your _-vn_Minfh expense. t-l-1-1 I
Title not to pass to me until the set is fully paid for. iUi _
I Name
11 Address*
I Employed by
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

330 ILLUSTRATED „ ^_____
Cot**!***
; :.-s
—
IL
l a
.
, Xl|
'
CwiWedP^fJ
il
D Racfexnsd
WiKitew txfmt
o
:
• • ^
'• ' • •
-:, -^;.; . ""] [*:. ~
OtfcftMJM* and
EtectrHraf
£*lata.tjc>A
Which One?
Not one of these jobs is beyond your reach
Which one do you want ?
The kind of a fellow who gets ahead today—and holds
one of these high positions is the fellow with training.
Nowadays employers can find men with training very
easily—because colleges are graduating them pretty
fast—so the fellow who had to leave school early is
handicapped unless he gets training during his idle hours.
Today you can get it in your home town, every man Cdttt*e can,
regardless of how much time he spent in school. And
you can make every hour of your practical experience
pay big dividends as well. American School training was
made for YOU and has brought success to thousands.
Writo
Big Raise in Salary
It is easy to get, if you go about it in the right way. You have oft
'
heard of others who doubled and trebled their salaries in a year's time.
You wondered how they did it Was it a pull ? Don't you think it.
When a man is hired he gets paid for exactly what he does, there is no
sentiment in business. It's preparing for the future and knowing
what to do at the right time that doubles and trebles salaries.
Why Don't You Try It?
Why don't you see what an American School course will do for r*)_ you?
; J3S8--"'
Our experience in helping thousands of others will surely help you get
to the top. If you really want to get ahead, get busy and —
Mail This Coupon Today
Send us your name and address on the coupon. Just write underneath,
in the coupon what job you want to hold. We'll tell you how
you can get just the training you need right in your own home.
You'll be under no obligation—and the information you will get will
do you a great deal of good. Let us help you. We are at your service
—and all you need to do is to send this coupon with your name and
address. Do it now—for your own sake and the man you want to be.
American School ^g& Chicago, U. S. A.
O.p- G848
/ want this job — tell me how to get it.
Job
Name
Addrett
. .
$S$8»~|lS,«8
i !
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
Eogtneer
Ettgwwtr
•
EftgWtW*
$2566—$BW0
IL
J»TV»ViN*
11

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 331
Let These Guides Solve Your Problems
at your finger ends
I N TEN
VOLUMES
3500 HAWKINS PAGES ELECTRICAL $1 A VOLUME GUIDES
Send No Money-Send Only This Coupon
4700 Know the PICTURES
tacts ln Electricity. They mean $1 more A money MONTH and better
position for you. Hawkins Guides tell you all you need to know about
Electricity. Every Important electrical subject covered so you can
understand It. Easy to study and apply. A complete, practical
working course, in 10 volumes. Books are pocket size; flexible covers.
Order a set today to look over.
LEARN ALL ABOUT
Magnetism—Induction—Experiments—Dynamos—Electric Machinery
.— Motors—Armatures — Armature Windings—Installing of
Dynamos—Electrical Instrument Testing—Practical Management of Occupation.
Dynamos and Motors—Distribution Systems—Wiring— Wiring Diagrams—sign
Flashers—Storage Batteries—Principles of Alternating Employed by..
Currents and Alternators—Alternating Current Motors—Transformers—Converters—Rectifiers—Alternating
Current Systems—Circuit
Breakers— Measuring Instruments— Switchboards— Wiring —
Home Address..
Power Stations—Installing—Telephone—Telegraph—W ireless—Bells
—Lighting—Railways. Also many Modern Practical Applications of
Electricity and Ready Reference Index of the ten numbers.
SHIPPED FREE
THEO. AUDEL & CO.,
72 Fifth Ave., New York City
Please submit me for free examination. HAWKINS ELEC­
TRICAL GUIDE. (Price SI a number). Ship at once prepaid,
the 10 numbers. If satisfactory, I agree to send you $1 within
seven days and to further mall you SI each month until paid.
Name.
' Reference.
Not a cent to pay until you see Kindly the books. mention No obligation Illustrated to buy unless World when writing advertisers.
you library lor ten are months and satisfied. see if or It return Send Is not Coupon it. worth S100 now—today—and to you—you pay get this $1.00.a great month help
lii. V> ond, Nov. "22

332 ILLUSTRATED W^^L.
^ FREE
Vital
Facts
About the Wonderful
Opportunities in the
Electrical Industry
cerfificatedElectrical Expert
EARN *3500to $ Trained "Electrical Experts" are in Course in existence, and offers 10000 every You do PRACTICAL a Year
work—AT
great demand at the highest salaries,
and the opportunities for advancement
and a big success in this line are tbe
greatest ever known.
"Electrical Experts" earn $70 to
$200 a week. Fit yourself for one of
these big paying positions.
In my twenty years of Electrical
Engineering work I have gathered some
wonderful and interesting facts aoout
this great industry—"Vital Facts"—
I will send them to you FREE.
Learn at Home to Earn $12.00
to $30.00 a Day
Today even the ordinary Electrician
—the "screw driver" kind—ls making
money—big money. But it's the
trained man—the man who knows the
whys and wherefores of Electricity—
the "Electrical Expert"—who is picked
out to "boss" ordinary Electricians—
to boss Big Jobs—the jobs that pay.
You too, can loam to Dll one of these
jobs—spare-time only, is needed. Be an
"Electrical Expert"—Earn $70 to $200
a week.
Age or Lack of Experience
No Drawback
You don't have to be a College Man;
you dou't have to be a High School
graduate. If yon can read and write
English, my course will make you a
big success. It Is the most simple,
thorough, and successful Electrical
man. regardless of age, education, or
previous experience, the chance to become,
in a very short time, an Electrical
Expert," able to make from $70
to $200 a week.
Give You a Real Training
As Chief Engineer of the Chicago
Engineering Works, I know exactly
the kind of training a man needs to get
the best positions at the highest salaries.
Hundreds of my students are
now earning $3,500 to $10,000 a vear.
Many ore successful ELECTRICAL
CONTRACTORS.
Your Satisfaction Guaranteed
So sure am I that you can learn
Electricity—so sure am I that after
studying with me. you too can get into
the "big money" class in electrical
work, that I will guarantee under
bond to return every single penny paid
me in tuition if, when you have finished
my course you are not satisfied
FREE
it was tbe best investment you ever
made.
Electrical Working
Outfit FREE
I give each student it Splendid Outfit
of Electrical Tools, Materials and
Measuring Instruments absolutely
FREE. 1 also furnish them with all
supplies Including examination paper,
and many other things that other
schools don't furnish.
HOME with this Outfit. You start
right in after the first few lessons
to WORK AT YOUR PROFESSION
in a practical way.
Get Started Now—Mail Coupon
I want to send you the "Vital
Facts" of the Electrical Industry
including my Electrical Book, Proof
Lessons and a sample of mv guarantee
bond all FREE. These cost you
nothing and you'll enjoy them. Make
the start today for a'bright future
in Electricity. Send in the coupon—
NOW.
L. L. COOKE, Chief Engineer
CHICAGO ENGINEERING WORKS
Dept. 10B 2150 Lawrence Ave. Chicao
I L. L. COOKE. Chief Engineer
Chicago Engineering Works, Dept. 10.
I
2 ISO Lawrence Ave., Chicago, III.
. Denr Sir — Send at once the "Vital
| Pacts" containing Sample Lessons, your
Bin Book, and full purticulnrs of your
I FreoOutfitandHomeStu.lv Course—all
• fully prepaid, without obligation on
Address
This coupon will also bring particularsof
my Free H;idio and Free Electrical
Drafting Courses.
The Cooke Trained Man is the "BigPay'Man
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

Opportunity Columns
Our rate for classified advertisements of ten words or more, name and address included, is 10 cents a word,
payable in advance. Advertisements for the December issue will be accepted up to October 25th, but early receipt of
copy insures good position under the proper classification.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD. Adv. Dept., Peoples Gas Building. Chicago.
AUTOS AND AUTO SUPPLIES
AUTOMOBILE mechanics, owners, garagemen.
repairmen, send for free copy
America's Popular Motor Magazine. Contains
helpful, instructive information on
overhauling, ignition wiring, carburetors,
batterii s etc. Automobile Digest, 0, 520
Buller Bldg., MOTORCYCLES
Cincinnati.
LARGEST stock of new and used motorcycle
parts and accessories in the world at
your disposal via Uncle Sam's mail. Write
.0 OLD coins all different, SI.00. 100
old coins all different, $5.00. 20 large
!_'. S. cents all different dates, SI.00.
Merten Denney, Box 315, Dallas, Texas.
MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS
$35.00 PROFIT nightly. Small capital
starts you. No experience needed. Our
machines are used and endorsed by government
Institutions. Catalog free. Atlas Mov­
ing Picture Company, 468 Morton Bldg.,
Chicago.
CAMERA AND PHOTO DEVELOPING
SPECIAL Trial offer: Any size Kodak
WAR RELICS AND PHOTOS
FOR DENS; Relics collected from
Europe's Battlefields. Catalogue and War
Photos 10c. Lieut. Walsh, 2117 Regent
Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS
NORMAL, nigh School, Business, Law,
Engineering, and College courses thoroughly
taught by mail. Special rates. Address,
Carnegie College, Rogers, Ohio.
LANGUAGES
for Quotations. Motorcycle Parts Mfg. Co.,
2u^u-Jii Wabash Ave., Chicago. 111.
BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
BOOKS. All Kinds. Lists. Higene's,
B2141 Post Street. San Fiancuco.
5000 RECIPES and formulas $1.25.
Best book on the market. Circular free.
Wells &. Edwards, K352 George Street,
Chicago.
000 MECHANICAL movements and iv
perpetual motions illustrated and explained
in ray book. Inventor's Universal Educator,
5th edition—tells how to procure and sell
patents. Government and either costs. Covers
the matter from A to Z—160 pages—•
elegantly bound. Contains noted decisions
of U. S. Supreme and State Courts on patent
cases. Mechanical movements greatly
assist inventors—suggest new ideas that
might prove of great aid in perfecting inventions.
Tells how to select an attorney.
Has valu.blc Information regarding patent
sharks, selling agents and promoters. Price
$2. Postage fr _ rywh . Fred G. Dieterich,
fill Ouray Eklg., Washington, D. C.
BOOKS for sale on occultism, mysticism,
theosophy, mental science, advanced thot,
seership, sex secrets, crystal gazing, mediumship,
clairvoyants, personal magnetism,
mind reading, astrology, numerology, yogi,
hermetic PICTURES and rosicrucian AND POSTCARDS
philosophy. List
free. The Grail Press, Desk C, 712 G tot..
::.
ZEE
E.,
beautil
Washington. P. C.
, 10 wonderful
LOST
poses
MAIL.
$ 1; 18
Write
special
immediately
: VI
if any­
I
if
thing
dissati-ii
ordered
il.
not
Hairarl
received.
I
Catalog
. L731,
i E 2C
Louis. Sovereign Mo,
FORMULAS
Publishers,
AND
4u
TRA
Broadway, Eurt'aiu,
;;. v.
n film developed for 5c; prints 2c each. Overnight
service. Expert work. Roanoke Photo
Fniivhlng Co.. 2.0 Bell A\Q., Roanoke, Va.
HAVE you a camera? Write for free
sample of our big magazine, showing how
to make better pictures and earn money.
American Photography, 260 Camera House,
Boston,
LITERARY
17. Mass.
AND PHOTO PLAYS
FREE to writers, a wonderful little book
of money-mak ins hints, suggestions, ideas;
the __.CC of ..ucoes-iul story and play writing.
Absolutely free. Just address Author's
Press, Dept. 16, Auburn, X. Y.
WRITE Photoplays. £25—$300 paid
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience unnecessary.
Complete outlino free. Producers
League, 50 2, St. Louis.
EARN $25 weekly, sparo time, writing
for newspapers, magazines. Experience unnecessary.
Details free. Press Syndicate,
}X> St. LouK Mo.
PHOTOPLAYS WANTED FOR CALI­
FORNIA PRODUCERS; also Stories, etc,
for POEMS—STORIES—AUTHORS—MSS
publication. To beginners, Plot Chart
and EARN Details $25 free. weekly, Harvard spare Company, time, writing 319,
for San newspapers, Francisco. magazines. Experience unnecessary.
Details fret. Press. Syndicate.
-.2 5 5, St. Louis, Mo.
SHORT stories, poems, plays, etc., are
wanted for publication. Liwrary Bureau,
10S, Hannibal, SONG Mo. WRITERS
LEARN to compose songs. Wonderful
coi
E SECRETS
FREE formula catalog. B. & TI. Laboratories,
Boylsfon Building, >'I.K.I . r
"ANT receipt or formu'a tarnished for
one dollar. If unable to furnish same monev
refunded." II & M Specialty Co., Box 66,
Brighton, Mas..
MONET easily made with my picture
transferrin!* process. Formula with complete
Instructions mailed on receipt of one dollar.
C. J. Str-Araand, 5009 take Park Avft-,
Chicago.
GAMES
PLATS,
AND
musical
ENTERTAINMENTS
comedies and n vu-3.
minstrel music, blackfaeo skits, vaudevillu
acts, monolags. dialogs, recitations, entertainments,
musical readings, stage hand-
Iwjoks, make-up goods. Big catalog free.
T. S. Denison & Co., 623J3. Wabash, Dept.
33, Chicago. COINS AND STAMPS
50c WORTH of stamps. Catalog value,
10c. Otto Oddehon, Dallas, Texas.
1 WORLD-ROMIC System. Masterkey to
All Languages. Primers. 16 languages,
$1.04 each language: Arabic, Chinese, Danish.
Dutch, English, Scotch English, French,
German, Italian, Japanese, Panjabl, Polish,
Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish. Pronunciation-Tables,
86 languages, 30c each
language. BUSINESS Languages OPPORTUNITIES
Publishing Company,
S West 4 0th St., New York.
BECOME a Laboratory Expert—Leam Interesting.
Profitable Profession of Bacteriology,
Microbiology. Extension and Residential
Courses. Diplomas—degrees granted. Help
seeuro positions. 46-plecc urinalysis outii.
free to students. Send lor free prospectus.
College of Microbiology, i>65 Belden Ave.,
Chicago
BECOME a Landscape Architect. Dignified,
exclusive, uncrowded prof< -Xon offering
fine money-making opportunities. $5,000
yearly Incomes common. Easy to master
through YOL" our can correspondence make money at course. home. Estab­ Spare
lished time, stamping 1016. G*t names information on Blank today. Key Ameri­ Cheeks
can
$10.00
Landscape
per hundred
School,
profit.
65-M,
Send
Newark,
25c
New
for
sample
York.
check with your own name on, and
full instructions. Do the work rijht in you.own
homo. C. J. St. Amand, 5uG_i Lake
Park Ave. Chicago, 111.
MAKE money with your camera. Ec-ukl..
free. Lancaster, 1151- Nouh Main, Los
Angeles, Calif,
"THE MAIL Order Man's Monthly" Wil
help you make money. Copy 10c. Yearly
In 12 lessons by mail. Easy method. Que. Box £.18, Cinrinm.ti, Ohio.
Write "Hits"—earn big money. Send for WANTED—SUto contracts. Kitchen
frei lesson today. Send no money. Arthur Specialties Mail complete detailed offer.
Pierce, 131 Music Arts Bldg., Los Angeles, United Supply House, Lyons, Iowa. Box 23.
Cal.
START a Gleaning, pressing, dyeing shop.
SONG writers send me one of your poems Splendid AGENTS field, AND big profits. HELP Plans WANTED free. In­
today on any subject, I will compose the ternational System, Dept. 15, Excelsior
138 LETTER automobile initialing outfit.
music. Frank Radner, 6018 Prairie Ave., Springs, Mo.
.1.50 postpaid. Apply 25c each—make
Dept. 0 27, Chicago.
$32.50. Your Initials 25c set. Particulars
LEARN song composing, spare time.
freo. Monogram Initial Co., Westwood, N.J.
Write "hits". Easy method hy mall. Send
DUPLICATORS
A BUSINESS of your own—Make spark­
for free lesson today. Beryl Pierce, 431
ling glass name plates, numbers, checker -
Music '"MODERN" Arts Bldg., Duplicators Los Angele3. saYe time, labor
buards, medallions, signs; big illustrate J
and • money. Gets business. Reproduces
book free. E. Palmer, 508 Wooster, Ohio.
typewritten or penned letters, drawings, les­
AGENTS—Make big money taking orders
sons, music, menus, bids, notices, specifica­
for Insyde Tyres. Positively prevent punctures
tions, maps or anything In one or more col­
and blowouts. Double tire mileage, any tire,
ors, Prints TWO per minute. Spetial sale
old or new. Old worn out casings give 3 to
on. 3Q--days' free trial. $2.25 up. Booklet
5 thousand mil& more sendee. Use over
free. B. MAIL K., ORDER Durkin-Reeves METHODS Co., Pitts­
and over again. Low priced. Big demand.
burgh; Pa.
$30 A WEEK evenings, home; small
One customer brings four others. Big money
malt order business. Booklet for stamp.
saver. Write for terms. Amer'^no Aci e^
Sample and plan, 25c. I trust you for $3.
sorles Co., B-C ll), Cincinnati. Ohio.
Ills Scott, Cohoes, N. T.
AGENTS—DOc an hour to advertise and
distribute samples to consumer. Write quick
Khidty mention IHustrated World when writing for advertisers.
territory and particulars, American
Products Co., 7880
clnnnti, Ohio.
American Bldg., Cin

334 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
WE want men and women who are desirous
of making $25 to $200 per week
clear profit from the start in a permanent
business of their own. Mitchells Magic
Marvel Washing Compound washes clothes
spotlessly clean in ten to fifteen minutes.
One hundred other uses in every home.
Nothing else like it. Nature's mightiest
cleanser. Contains no lye, lime, acid or
wax. Free samples make sales easy. Enormous
repeat orders- : -300% profit. Exclusive
territory. We guarantee sale of every package.
Two other "sight sellers" and sure
repeaters give our agents the fastest selling
line ln the country. No capital or experience
required. Baker, Ohio made $600 last
month. You can do as well. Send for Free
Sample and proof. L. Mitchell & Co., Desk
711, 1302-1314 E. 61st, Chicago, III.
ARE you old at forty? See our advertisement
on page 337 of this Issue. The
Electro Thermal Company, Steubenville,
Ohio
MAKE 600% profit. Free samples. Lowest
priced gold window letters for stores,
offices. Anybody can do it. Large demand.
?_xelusive territory. Big future. Side line.
Acme Letter Co.. 2800-P Congress. Chicago.
GREATEST SENSATION! Eleven-piece
Soap and Toilet Set, selling like blazes for
$1.75 with $1.00 Dressmaker's Shears Free.
to each customer. Other Unique Plans.
E. M Davis Co.. Dept. 13S. Chicago.
AGENTS—Signs of all kinds for stores
and offices. Big money making line.
Atracto Sign Works. O, Cicero, P. O.,
Chicago.
SALESMEN ACT QUICK—Ten patented
auto necessities. Spark plugs, visors, windshield
cleaners, hose clamps, etc. Generous
commissions. Jubilee Mfg. Co., 11 Sta. C,
Omaha. Neb.
NO DULL TIMES SELLING FOOD—
people must eat. Federal distributors make
big money; $3,000 yearly and up. No
capital or experience needed; guaranteed
sales; unsold goods may be returned. Your
name on packages. builds your own business.
Frea samples to customers—Repeat
orders sure. Exclusive territory. Ask Now I
Federal Pure Food Co., Dept. 5'4. Chicago.
MAKE $5,000 every year—$2,000 in spare
time. You share profits hesides. Show
"Weather Monarch" Raincoats and Waterproofed
Overcoats. Ask about "Duol Coat"
(No. 999J. Free raincoat for your own
use.
MONEY
Associated
back
Raincoat
guarantee
Agents,
ma'tes
Inc.,
Premier
G444
Sharpener
North Wells.
fastest
Chicago.
seller. Hundreds getting
.
rich. Y'ou can. Write Premier Mfg. Co.,
811 E. Grand Blvd.. Detroit, Mich.
AGENTS—Big money, $8 to $16 a day.
Aluminum handle cutlery set. Braand new.
You display and take orders. We deliver
and collect. Pay you daily. Sample free.
Try it out. Jennings Mfg. Co., Dept. 1649,
Dayton. Ohio.
AGENTS—$15 a day; easy, quick sales;
free auto; big weekly bonus; $1.50 premium
free to every customer. Simply ahuw our
beautiful, 7-piece, solid aluminum handle
cutlery set Appeals instantly. We deliver
and collect. Pay daily. New Era Mfg. Co.,
803 Madison St., Dept. C35. Chicago.
AMBITIOUS men. write today for attractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to
America's most popular automobile and
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales. Big
profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co.,
0 520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.
SELL necessities. Everybody needs and
buys the "Business Guide." Bryant cleared
$800 in July. Send for sample. It's free.
Nichols Co., Dept. 5B, Naperville. III.
GET our plan for Monogrammlng automobiles,
trunks, hand luggage and all similar
articles by transfer method; experience
unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists'
Access. Co., Mansfield, Ohio.
57 MILES per gallon made with new patented
gasoline vaporizer. Writo for particulars.
Vaporizer Co., Pukwana, S. Dak.
AGENTS—Best seller; Jem Rubber Repair
for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization
at a saving of over 800 per cent;
put it on cold. It vulcanizes itself in two
minutes, and ls guaranteed to last the life
of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner
and accessory dealer. For particulars how
to make big money and free sample, address
Amazon Rubber Co., Philadelphia. Pa.,
Dept. 500.
BIG money and fast sales. Every owner
buys Gold Initials for his auto. You charge
$1.50; make $1.35. Ten orders daily easy.
Write for particulars and free samples.
American Monogram Co., Dept. 130, East
Orange, N. J.
LIVE agents make $10 day selling Eureka
Strainer and Splash Preventer for every
water faucet. Takes on sight. Widely
advertised and known. Get details today.
A. E. Seed Filter Company, 73 Franklin.
New York.
AGENTS—Beautiful complete newllne
combination toilet article sets—magnificent
display boxes—sells instantly now until Xmas.
Tremendous profits—exclusive territory—
Foster Reid Factories W, 2001 Mango, Chicago,
$100,000.00 CONCERN wants agents to
take orders for Gabardine Gas Mask Raincoats.
Biggest selling coat in America
today. Wonderful value. Big profit—ln
advance. Two sales means big days wages.
Only sample of cloth necessary—furnished
free. We deliver and collect. Write today
for exclusive territory and selling outfit.
Dept. 605, Lewis Raincoat Company, Cleveland.
EASY, pleasant work for mechanics, shopmen,
clerks, during spare hours, will add
many dollars to their salaries. Also want
persons who can give full time. Big wages
assured. Novelty Cutlery Co., 305 Bar St.,
Canton, Ohio.
EVERYBODY uses Extracts. Sell DUO
Double Strength Extracts. Complete line
household necessities. Big repeaters. Write
today. DUO Co.. Dept. E-68. Attica.
N. Y.
TERRITORY Salesmen. First popular
price Fire Extinguisher ever made. Every
home, garage and office can be sold. $00
a week can be made. No capital or experience
necessary. You take orders, we deliver
and collect—pav you daily. Write for territory.
Thurston Mfg. Co., 249 Foe St.,
Dayton, Ohio.
AGENTS—Make big money the year
'round selling latest New York fashions, so
smart looking and low priced no woman can
resist huying. Strump erience unnecessary. Particulars
free. Write American Detective System,
106S Broadway. New York.
SILVERING mirrors, French plate.
taught. Easy to learn, immense p.vfits.
Plans free. Wear Mirror Works, Excelsior
Springs. Missouri.
$100 WEEKLY made by young man in
small town without capital or experience in
local advertising business. You can do the
same. Free booklet tells how. S. Meyer,
211 Seventh Street. Louisville. Ky.
MAKE .Money in spare time mailing letters.
Men, write now, enclosing stamped
addressed reply envelope. Normande V
Dept. 147 W. 23rd St., New York.
Y'OU ARE WANTED. Commence $135
month. Government Railway Mall Clerks.
Steady. Common education sufficient. Write
immediately for list positions open. Franklin
Institute. Dept. K18. Rochester, N. Y.
ASTROLOGY
ASTROLOGY—Stars tell life's story.
Send birth date and dime for trial reading.
Eddy-Troost Station. Suite 40, Kansas
City. Mo.
TELEGRAPHY
TELEGRAPHY (Morse and wireless) and
railway accounting taught thoroughly. Big
salaries. Great opportunities. Oldest, larg*
est school. All expenses low; can earn large
part Catalogue free. Dodge's Institute,
World St., Valparaiso. Indiana.
RADIO
ROTOR balls 50c, wound, with brass
stems $1.00. Variometers, Variocouplers.
Discounts 10 dealers. E. U. Mack, Mfr.,
Florence, S. C.
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
U. S. and foreign patents procured,
validity reports, infringement suits, expertlng,
over forty years actual experience. If you
have a new Invention which you wish to
patent, you can write to us folly and freely
for adUee ln regard to the best way of obtaining
protection, how to proceed, etc. Fred
G. Dleterich &i Co.. Patents & Patent
Causes, 675 Ouray Building, opposite U. S.
Patent Office, Washington, P. C.
INVENTORS. Send sketch or model of
Invention for advice. Write for Evidence of
Disclosure form and Book on Patents, free.
Prompt service. Merton-Roberts & Company,
177 Mather Building, Washington,
D. C.

Ptop For
^ii^" - *^^ ... __ __„____ __«
Prof.
Henry
Dickson
America's foremost
Authority on Memory
Training, Public
Speaking, Self Expression,
Lecturer and
Prifloipal of the Dickson
Memory School, Hearst
Building, Chicago.
The Executive
Mr. William H Weeks. District
Attorney of Putnam County. N.
Y., writes:
"After a thorough trial of your
method of mental and memory
training. I find it to be not only
first class—simply wonderful. I
can truthfully say that I would not
be again without the benefits I
have received from your study for
$10,000.-'
The Salesman
O. G. Wehmeier of the American
Miner' s A.ccident Association,
Indianapolis, Indiana, writes:
"I can honestly and truthfully
say I am a new person. I have
more friends than I really expected
I could have. Everyone who has
known me says that a wonderful
change has come over me in the last
six months. It is all due to the
Dickson School of Memory."
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 335
Perfect Your Memory
and You Can Command
What Salary You Will
Your salary—what it is today—what it will
be tomorrow—depends very much on your
memory. Tricky memories—wandering minds
—unable to grasp detail—have thwarted
thousands in their battle for success—have
held them down to bare living wages—working
long hours with slight prospect of
advancement—subordinates for life.
The Ability to Concentrate,
to Think and Express Your­
self Clearly Means Every­
thing to Your Success
America's men of power—in business,
social or public life—are uniformly men of
trained memories. Train your memory properly
and you will find yourself able to concentrate
absolutely on matters at hand—to think
and speak connectedly—to develop self control,
to overcome self consciousness—to make
your PERSONALITY DOMINATE. Think
what this means—a better position—bigger
pay—social and business success—the EFFI­
CIENT LIFE.
Give Me 10 Minutes a Day
and I Will Give You a
"Steel Trap" Memory
That is all I ask—just 10 minutes a day
for a few weeks and I will train your memory
just as I have trained the memories of 50,000
others. I will make your mind an infallible
classified index from which you can instantly
select facts, figures, faces, arguments. No
matter what your age—your education—your
vocation—your place of residence—I can
make you "forget proof"—can train your
memory for SUCCESS.
Special Offer!
"How to Speak In
Public"-FREE!
For a limited period I am
The Public Speaker
Carl F. Schader. one of Califor
nia's biggest men. zvrites:
"I have been improved physically
and mentally beyond my own expectations
by the continued study of
your course. Every businessman.
especially those called upon to talk
at Chambers of. Commerce, realty
boards, advertising clubs and other
meetings should talte your jourse, I
unhesitatingly recommend it to my
many friends."
In Social Life
Roland Miller, of New York City.
writes:
"What I have gotten from your
method has advanced me both
socially and financially and I
feel it my duty to tell
you of these excel-^,
lent results.'
offering "How to Speak in Public" . Prof. Henry Dickson. Prin. DiekiOD School oi Memory.
a de luxe edition, handsomely bound I Uept. 7 ° q » Evanston, 111.
book—regularly pricedat$2.00-FREE • Ple ?? e a e n d ,!» c fr f e 5 f cha ^e and without obligation
+_-___..__.. .7 _f„ A^Jt- „-,nii,v„ ;,.„... _..-.,..._,__ I your book let. How to Remember ; a so your remarkable
toeyery student enrolhnginmy courae. I copyrighted "Memory Test." Give me facts on your
Full particulars of this unusual offer I apeciafoffer of a free copy of "Howto Speak in Public."
—together with a copy of my famous i
Memory Test and my remarkable book | Name
Kindly "How mention to Remember" Illustrated will World be sent when . writing advertisers.
opportunity—mail coupon FREE—simply or a postal for it the NOW- This mailing is YOUR of the • I Street City and No State.... «

336 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
BEFORE - PATENTS—Protect your rights. Before RADIUM health appliance offered on
or after filing an application
disclosing
for
invention, write for booklet and trial. Degnen's Radio-Active solar pad has
patent on your invention it will pay you to
blank form Evidence of Conception to be brought relief to thousands of people from
read over ray "Inventor's Advisor No. 2."
signed, witnessed and returned with rough Constipation, Rheumatism, Abnormal Blood
whieh may be obtained free of charge.
sketch or model of your idea, upon receipt Pressure, Stomach. Heart, Liver and Kidney
M. Labiner, Registered Patent Attorney,
of which I will promptly give opinion of diseases. Liberal trial period given. No
No. 3 Park Row, New York City.
patentable nature and instructions. No matter what your ailment you are free to
INVENTORS—Send si.etch or model of
charge for preliminary advice. Highest ref­ try it without any financial risk on your
Invention for opinion concerning patentable
erences. Prompt, personal attention. Clar­ part. Write for trial offer. Radium Ap­
nature and exact cost of patent. Book,
ence
EXACT
O'Brien,
expenses
Registered
auoted
Patent
ln advance.
Lawyer, pliance Co., 730 Bradbury Bldg., Los
Moderate
"How to Obtain a Patent." sent free. Tells
7.8 Southern
charges.
Bldg.,
No
Washington.
extras. Applications
D. C. Angeles, Calif.
satlsfactorlally prepared or money returned.
what every inventor sbould know. Estab­
Sl-JUVA-GLANS for men. Promote
Submit data. Lynwood B. James. 894 Mclished
twenty-eight years. Highest refer­
vigor, prevent waste. Big bot. $5. Cir.
Gill Bldg . Washington, D. C. Established
ences, prompt service, reasonable charges.
free. Juvaglans-9, Box 19 97. Boston.
1013. MILLI(fflP5 spent annually for ideas!
Chandlee & Chandlee, 436 Seventh, Wash-
FRENCH girls want correspondents. Both
Hundreds alow wanted! Patent yours and
inston. D. C.
languages. Paper addresses three months,
profit! Write today for free books; tell
PATENTS—Write for Free Illustrated
% 1. Year. $ 2. Y. Delacavef er, 2 82 -J
how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas
Guide Book and Record of Invention Blank.
d'Entraigues, Tours, France.
wanted, how we help you sell, etc. 214
Send model or sketch and description of
DOGS AND PETS
Patent Dept.. American Industries, Inc.,
Invention for free opinion of its patentable
DOG Owner's Text Book Free; expert ad
Washington, D. C.
nature. Highest reference, Reasonable
vice on proper care, training and feeding,
PERSONAL
terms. Victor J. Evans

IN THIS DAY AND AGE
attention to your appearance
is an absolute nccessi.
ty if you expect to make the
most out of life. Not only
should you wish to appear as
attractive as possible ior vour
own self-satisfaction, which
is alone well worth your
efforts, bat you will tinathe
world in General judging yoa
greatly, if not wholly, by your
"looks,'* therefore it pays to
"look your best' * at all times.
Permit no one to see you
looking otherwise) it willin-
jure your welfare! Upon the
impression you constantly
make rests the failure or success
of your life. Wliich is
to be your ultimate destiny?
My new Nose-Shaper
•"TR-LDOS" (Model 25) corrects now
Ill-shaped noses wlthoat operation,
Jiui.kly. safely and permanently.
. pleasant ana does not interfere
with one's occupation, being worn
at night.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 337
YOU HAVE A BEAUTIFUL FACE
BUT YOUR NOSE?
*S ' % Before After
Write today for free booklet, which ieils you how to correct ill-shaped noses without cost if not sat
M. TRILETY, Face Specialist. 1789 Ackerman Bldg., Binghamton, N
If yoU have prostate disorder—bladder
trouble—get up frequently
at night, there i3 positive and rapid
relief for yoa—without drugs or massage—without
pain or discomfort—privately at home. Our free book
tells all. Doctors, Osteopaths, Physical Culture directors,
.Sanitarium experts use and endorse our method. Easily
used by anyone. Very simple. No matterwhatyou have
tried or how old your case our methods will bring results
or money back. Write tor free illustrated booklet.
Do it now. Relief for you Is at hand and at small cost.
Electro Thermal Co. 3515 Main St., Steubenville, O.
SEX
Facts other sex books don't dare
di.icuss aro plainly told in "Where
AVYOTH "'Where Knowledge
Means Happiness"
Copyright 1321
Knowledge Means Happiness."
Creates a new kind of married love.
One reader says:
Tt cm-tains more real information than
all other eex bouka put together.
Sent in plain cover, bu return mail, for
SI.no, cash, money order, check or
stamps*
KNOWLEDGE BOOK CO., Dept. 14, 257 W. 71st St., New York
Delivered to You Free
mmm* for 3') days trial on approval. You can Lave your
choice of 4 i Styles, colors and sizes of I he famous
RANGER Bicycles. Express jyrepaid. Factory-to-
Rider Prices save you 810 to t25on your bicycle.
V4%^//"mfVcfnU__T? if d.^lrw.. Many bovi and eirtrt
|^PUJl.111J lUray eM,iy save the am_.ll monthly pay-
Mmm munis. Parents often advance firet payment.
XltWC 1 "' 1 ' quality, at factory prices, irprtMm prepaid.
I I s v O Lamps, wheel- and equipment, low r>r_cp__. Send
Aflo Money, do business direct with makers,
Mb_aH *Y C Write today for
Ranger Catalog,
tory prlccB and
loo. easy pavi^e
BUILD YOUR OWN
RADIO RECEIVER
This hor.k tells how. Equally valuable ton
Evrry 1* type Company
and atyl_ _
on this subject in this best
FIVQU Dept. Wireless R-29. ia interesting, Chicago ins
Get i the »mc. twnfl ior i.
eaves most of tbe expense post-paid
WELLS & EDWARDS, Booksellers
852 George Street (Dtpt. B) CHICAGO
Send for free circular and 40 pp. 75c
lalrmi I--.--I
This illustrated, instructive r-ook on how to
train and feed i our dog will he mailed you FRE
with a 3 months' introductory .uh.cripti"
America's most popular DOC, HUNTING anil FISHING
Magazine. 5cnd 'die 'stamps or coin) today,
SPORTSMAN'S DIGEST PUBL'G CO., 351-B Butter Bldg., Cincinnati. Ohio
$ fraction)
So often, where a liniment is required,
there is need for an antiseptic
And where an antiseptic I
is required, there is often need
for a germicide. Have all three
in one container. £1.25 at drug-
\ gists or postpaid. Liberal thai !
bottle, postpaid, 10c
W. F. YOUNG, Inc.
446 Temple Street
Springfield, Mass. A
Absorbine. J'
THE ANTISEPTIC' LINIMENT
HISTORY^
EWORLD
page booklet o.
sample pages
containing picturrs
of great characters
Now as in never history, before to all is ynur chance
wbo mail to u_ the
COUPON.
JJI BRINGS
I BOOKS
Cl Weekl y
•Ipaya for
1
Them.
6,000 Years of History
BARGAIN !
to buy this famous HISTORY which
you have always wanted. Wo will name out
bargain price and easy terms to all who mail
the coupon below.
Read the lives of Socrates. Caesar, Cleopatra,
Nnpolenn, Cromwell, Wnsbinpten an 1
Columbus. Here ia the romance, tho heroism
and the trai.-.iiy of all the hunts of history.
Tear off coupon. Write name and address
pl.ui.lv and mail now.
• -•MAIL THIS FREE COUPON I
WESTERN NEWSPAPER ASSOCIATION
I
140 So. D-nrbnrn St., Chicago, III.
Please mail your 32-patre free sample booklet of The History of the I
I World, containing sample palest nnd ribototrniphH of i-nni characters In his I
tory. and write mc full particulars of your special offur to Illustrated World
. I retailer.. Address.
Kindly mention IHustratcd W n &rld Wfvcii writing advei-iisers.

338 ILLUSTRATED ll u.i
Quick Success in Aviation
Fascinating—Daring—Big To young men of daring, no other field of work teresting book that tells you Paying
things you have
offers such a fascination, such high pay, nor such
opportunities for quick success as the field of
Aviation. As yet, aviation is practically in its infancy.
NOW is the time to get in.
In the automobile industry and in the moving
picture business hundreds of men got rich by getting
in at the start. They made their success before
others woke up. Today, these lines offer no greater
opportunities than a hundred and one others. BUT
AVIATION IS NCW. Get in while the opportunity
and pay are big. All over the country there is a clamor
for trained men. It is not a question
of pay but of getting capable men.
Here Are Real Positions,
$50 to $150 Per Week
Aeronautical Instructor, Aeronautical
Engineer. Aeronautical Contractor,
Airplane Repairman, Airplane
Mechanician, Airplane Inspector,
Airplane Salesman, Airplane Assembler,
Airplane Builder,
A Sure and Easy Way to
Learn Aviation-atf Home
always wanted to know. Only one hour each
evening will give you the basic training in a
surprisingly short time. You need only a common
school education.
One of my students,
James Powers, Pa.,
says, "I am indeed
Amazing Opportunities
in Airplane Industries surprised that such a
valuable Course can
be had from such
practical men for so
litUe COSt" A New S-_-PasKn»j-_ Airplane
Personal Instructio
Experienced Men
Menwhohavehad actual experience
give you personal attention. They
select the lessons, lectures, blueprints
and bulletins. They teli you things
A New Job—The Aerial Poitmu
that are essential in everyday practice.
Each lesson is easy to read and
View in aa Airplane Factory
understand.
Send coupon below for New Book, just out, "Opportunities in
the Airplane Industry." It is interesting and instructive. It
BIG BOOK I7RFI7
will show you many things you never knew before about aviation.
Due to shortage of of Opportunities paper we could get only JT a M%JC_lJ
limited supply
The study of avia­ of these books—send the coupon before they are all gone.
tion is almost as fascinating
as the actual AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
work. Every lesson is 3601 Michigan Ave., Dept, 1278, Chicago, 01.
1
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
full of interest That
3601 Michigan Ave., Dept. 1278. Chlcago.nl.
is why it is easy to Without any obligation, send ma your Free Book, •'Opportunities in the Air
learn aviation. You I plane Industry." abouiformationauout your Course iuFTacncal Aeronautics.
do not have to make j Name „
yourself study—it is I Street _ „
like reading an in- • I City State..
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII NOVEMBER, 1922
u
PHOTO—ALSO PHOTO ON PAGE 361 _. Wll__
The Hardangcr Glacier is one of the largest and most beautiful in Norway—see "An Intimate
Glimpse of Norway" on page 358

E2_23_-SE51 sswas^pap
i THE HYDRO-ELECTRIC E
The Genius of the Rivers Rises to Work His
Magic in the Economic Life of America
Zn every stream, both large and small, I sec- rising from its depths a::d breakin
through its surface into the sunlight an astonishing figure, aroused from age-long dormancy
and quickened into magic vitality by the economic needs of the world.
He is the Genius of the Rivers. His dripping form glows in health and virile whiteness.
His arm pulsates with incomparable power. From the fingers of his right hand arc
flung wires—thousands of glistening wires through air cleared of its smoke^to every part
of America. Over these he sends the voltage of his body to operate the factories, smelt
the ores, gather nitrogen from the atmosphere, move' trains swiftly and silently, and li
and heat the homes.
With his left hand he brushes back flood waters from valley and delta, dispelling
dankness and malarial poison, and presenting an agricultural empire, in productivity alm
beyond belief and capable of growing food for three times the present population of our
country.
Behind his power and impounding dams he catches the snows and flood-rains of
winter and early spring. As he graduallly releases them during the summer they carry
upon their surface the all-steel agents of a greater inland-waters comn'erce.
Is he a creature of imagination/ A mirage' A prediction? Link and see hvn for
yourself. Already his arm is lifted from the waters, his fingers vibrating with self-gen
erated currents.
Truly, he is the Genius of the Rivers—the most 'wonderful, the most beautiful, the
most useful, and the most powerful figure in the economic destiny of America.
H l < _FT prices for coal, unprecedented
freight rates, mine strikes and
transportation difficulties—temporarily
a severe brake upon the wheels of
business and of vexatious inconvenience
to millions of people—are, in the long
run, an all-powerful lever projecting us
into an era of hydro-electrification o'f
factories, railways and homes.
Usually, neither individuals nor groups,
nor nations, make much progress until
they run into a jam and have to find
a way out. Discovery, invention and effort
come with necessity and opportunity.
If coal had remained cheap and trans­
3IU
portation low in cost, we might never
have turned to our rivers for relief. But
with no possibility of cheap coal and
slight probability of much lower rail
rates, people in many parts of the United
States and Canada are harnessing stream?
and making them do everything t'lat
coal has done, and more than it ever can
do.
We are re-discovering the science of
hydraulics, that originally came to it
from the Orient by way of central and
northern Europe. We were finding it
years ago, when almost of a sudden, we
began to discover the uses of coil—a

wm
. . ,.
cheap and abundant fuel. With the exception
of animal energy, this was the'
first mobile power found. Its utilization
spread to navigation, rail transportation,
factory operation, heating and cooking,
and finally to lighting cities and home=.
The coming of coal set back hydro-power
development at least fifty years. Throughout
the Blue Ridge, Alleghenies and the
Cumberlands are picturesque, dilapidated
water-wheels, the old mill-races long gone
dry and the dams almost obliterated—silent,
truthful pictures of progress checked
by coal. Coal was cheap and plentiful
enough to last for unnumbered centuries.
It was movable power; it would run an
engine anywhere. On the other hand,
the water-wheel had to be located at the
dam-site. Water-power then could be
transmitted no farther than the length of
shafts and belting. And so coal took the
place of natural river current.
But today there is no more cheap coal
and no low-cost movement of it. Moreover,
strikes at mines or labor troubles
on railroads at any time may seriously
cripple factory operation and leave many
homes without sufficient fuel. Even the
by-products coke oven and its resultant
tar, light oils and vapors, cannot greatly
lighten the black burden. Oil burners
and oil burning are but temporary relief.
There is no assurance as to petroleum
prices and none as to future supply.
In many sections individuals, com­
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 341
munities and corporations are comprehending
this profound, revolutionary
economic truth and are preparing for
rapid evolution into the Hydro-Electric
Era.
Many a farmer is proving that the

342 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
(C) UNCEBWOOO L Ul.r?£S*0OO
Land Reclamation Is Another Great Factor in River
Development. The Elephant Butte Dam Across the
Upper Rio Grande in New Mexico Waters a Large
Area. Irrigation Has Already Turned Three Million
Acres of Desert into Highly Productive Farm Land
creek running through his place will supply
his home with light and running
water; and, with additional wiring and
equipment, will cook the meals, heat the
home and barn, do the washing and
churning, sweep the floors, turn a grist
mill and operate the stationary farm machinery.
The coal bills of towns and cities for
light, gas and water is a scary problem
for a number of municipalities. Winter
by winter it is pulling them deeper into
debt and taxation. There is only one
permanent, sure way out—through small
streams and rivers. Towns and cities by
dozens are taking to it as fast as dams
can be built and turbines and generators
installed. As an instance, one little city
in the foothills of the Cumberlands never
buys a pound of coal to give its homes
light, water and fire protection. Its
municipally-owned hydro-electric plant
provides this service at exceedingly low
rates. And yet there is profit—enough to
liquidate the town debt, contracted in
days of coal consumption, and to extend
street and sidewalk paving. In years to
come the little city will have to find new
ways to spend money or else reduce light
and water charges to almost negligible
figures. Another advantage is that the
people themselves own this lasting asset
so that it can never fall into the hands
of bond-selling or stock-jobbing power
exploiters.
All through this region one community
after another is either at work on hydropower
installations or securing engineers'
estimates for using nearby streams to ex- 1
tricate themselves from the growing bur^
den of coal. This is just a small start;
a mere beginning. The time is coming
when any municipality, however small or
however great, that cannot obtain hydros
power for illumination and domestic and
industrial uses will be far behind the more
progressive or fortunate centers of
population.
In the great manufacturing and electrochemical
- metallurgical enterprises, in
mass production, evolution in methods
Cheap, perpetual current, immediately meeting
imperative economies, is the first consideration
in hydro-electrical development in America,
and will be for years to come. The other
phases, correlated to power, are largely dependent
upon it and are brought into lasting
existence because of it. But sometime in the
future, when our population shall have approximated
that of India or China, the order of
importance may be:
First—Health. Then the valleys and deltas
will be swarming with human beings. Inundations
in that time would be frightful disasters
and cause shocking loss of life. If permitted
to exist, malaria and typhoid -would attain to
the horrors of a plague. Then, and only then—
at least several centuries hence—will the incalculable
value of river control be fully comprehended.
Second—Reclamation. When this country
holds npieards of half a billion people, every
available acre "will haze a vital part in produc
ing crops to feed the inhabitants and their
livestock. Then, and not until then, "will be
realised the tremendous service of power dams,
-with impounded "waters, in adding to production
its finest soils.
Third—River Transportation. This is one
of the foremost assets of a thickly populated
nation. All the resources of Germany are not
comparable to the River Rhine. As population
and production increase, the streams come naturally
into carrying the heavier tonnage of industry
and agriculture. In time our inland
waterways arc sure to be our main arteries of
commerce.
Fourth—Power: cheap, constant power. This
factor, easily first in economic importance
throughout the present century, may, in the
long reaches of progress, take second place to
Health, Reclamation and Navigation.

arid costs is coming with surprising
swiftness. Here is needed great voltage,
installations ranging from ten thousand
to half a million horse-power, with storage
reservoirs to maintain primary power
at high constancy day and night through
weeks, months and years. Although the
principles of hydraulics are eternal, with
the re-discovery of this science we have
come into miracles of utilization, transforming
the water's force into electric
current, wire and wireless transmission of
current, the electric furnace, the fixation
of atmospheric nitrogen; and the electrochemical
and electro - metallurgical
sciences.
These open the most dazzling era of
human achievement—man's control of
natural laws and forces and full use of
Nature's resources. Magic? Yes, but
proved and practical. We are coming
The Canadian Power Plant Just Above the Horseshoe
Falls on the Canadian Side of Niagara Falls. The
Niagara Is One of the Foremost Examples of the
Possibilities of Developiing Hydro-Eectric Power
into this age more quickly than many
imagine. As an instance, a nationally
known steel manufacturing corporation
is preparing to construct electric furnaces
near a great hydro-electric development
for the direct smelting of ore and its
conversion into steel by the fastest, cheapest
processes known. Other plans and
actual efforts are going forward without
national publicity.
On the Coosa River, in Alabama, shown
on most maps, there is nearing completion
a dam costing eight millions and gen-
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 343
Mount Rainier with Its Snow-Clad Summit. The
Snow from Mountain Tops Melts and Runs into the
River Outlets in Veritable Torrents, Which Contain
Potential Electric Power
erating more than a hundred thousand
horse-power of electric current. On the
White River, Arkansas, a stream unfamiliar
to many, there is being started
a great and beautiful series of inter-connected
projects.
These are merely indicative. Many
others, some of them of greater import
and more widely known, are being carried
forward in several sections of the
United States and Canada. The Federal
Waterpower Commission is literally
swamped with applications for harnessing
streams at hundreds of available dam
sites in the watersheds and power ranges
of the country.
However significant or extensive these
efforts—totaling tens of millions of dollars—they
are but the first trickles of a
Niagara of white power rolling into the
life of the people to displace the coalblack
burden that bears down upon the
factory and the railroad, upon the community
and the home.
What force is there in the arm of the
Genius of the Rivers? What are the
water-power potentialities of America?
The Federal Power Commission's estimates,
from necessarily limited and inconclusive
data, are fifty million horsepower
on the principal rivers and at
clearly evident dam sites. These estimates
do not include hundreds of smaller

344 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
streams nor the impounding of water—a
major factor in obtaining maximum
primary power. Most certainly the available
river strength of the United States
is beyond one hundred million horsepower,
but how far beyond none can say
now.
In every inch of running water across
which a permanent barrier can be built
there is power—power from its very beginning
in the little highland spring all
the way down to where it rolls in broad
current into gulf or ocean. And there are
hundreds of streams along any one of
which a number of dams can be built.
It is largely a problem of dam sites,
firm river-bed and storage basins, the
economic factors of construction and
lands inundated by power pools and storage
reservoirs being overcome by low
current costs throughout the years. A
power site not economical today may be
well worth while a few years hence.
No one knows the complete possibilities
of any fair-size river on the continent. In
his plans for cheap, vast, mass-production
of fertilizers, aluminum, steel, the ferroalloys
and cotton goods, Henry Ford says
he can generate and use a million horsepower
in the Tennessee Basin and give
employment to a million people. Many
think that in his dream of a newer agricultural-industrial
empire Henry Ford
aims too high. And yet, he is under the
mark—way under it! Recent coordination
of data indicates that this basin can
unleash at least two million horse-power,
probably three million and possibly more!
Aroused by the plans of Mr. Ford and
the observations of Mr. Edison, War Department
surveyors now request more
than half a million dollars—an unprecedented
sum for such work—to make a
comprehensive hydro-power and mineralogical
survey of the Tennessee Basin.
Yet the Tennessee is only one of the
many watersheds on the North American
continent. What uncomputed force is
there in the basin of the St. Lawrence?—
in the gorge of Niagara?—along the
upper reaches of the Mississippi?—on the
mighty Yukon? If the Coosa, not even
shown on the map, gives more than a
hundred thousand horse-power at one
site, what power is there in the canyons
of the Colorado? If the Tallapoosa, of
which you may not have heard, has a po­
tential impounding basin for a lake several
hundred miles around its edges, what does
the great Columbia watershed hold for the
future? What forces are there in the
rains and snows over thousands of mountain
slopes and valleys in the Appalachian
Super-Power Range? — throughout the
lofty Sierra Nevadas?—over the transcontinental
length of the Rockies?
A comprehensive hydro-power-mineralogical
survey of America has never been
made. There are not enough engineers,
surveyors, geologists, mineralogists and
aerial photographers to accomplish such
a task in a decade. If done, its cost
would be staggering. And yet the Government's
limited topographical surveys
unconsciously give indicative lines On
some of our river potentialities. Prepared
without consideration of power and
its many uses, these contour records,
whenever available, are a helpful guide
in a projected development.
We are coming into the Hydro-Electric,
Electro-Chemical and Electro-Metallurgical
Age by swift progression because
of absolute, economic necessity. Each
project or each interconnection of projects
has its own special engineering problems
and purposes. In sections of the
Northwest, cheap and dependable heating
of homes might be the immediate end
sought in a development. In the Southwest,
it might be the irrigation of productive,
but arid lands. In the Carolinas,
the main purpose might be cotton goods
manufacturing. In the Cumberlands, it
might be swift and cheap smelting, fusing
and transforming ores through the electric
furnace and the fixation of atmospheric
nitrogen.
And yet power is but one of several
great factors in river development. Another
is the reclamation of lands subject
to destructive inundation and devastating
floods. The only economical, hydraulically
correct safeguards against floods are
holding winter and spring waters behind
power and impounding dams. Such a
series along the northern extent of the
Mississippi, with similar control of the
great river's tributaries, will end for all
time the now ever-present danger over
immense alluvial areas south of Cairo and
on to the Gulf. And at the same time
these power-impounding projects will reclaim
to safe, enduring agriculture tens

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 345
When the Hydro-Electric Program Is Complete, Streams Which Have Caused Suffering and Destruction Will
Be Turned into Power-Makers for the Good of Mankind
of thousands of square miles of as rich
land as there is in existence, land capable
of supporting in abundance more
than a hundred million additional people.
What wealth these reclaimed lands of
uniform richness to inexhaustible depths
would yield steadily, winter and summer,
without diminution through centuries, is
beyond computation.
Control of a stream not only reclaims
alluvial soil but drains the bottoms and
makes possible satisfactory drainage of
super-rich muck-lands. Concrete dam
control eliminates uncertainties and unhealthfulness
in the lowlands. The waters
are held safe in days of heavy downpour ;
then gradually released through penstocks
and spillways, after which these are
prepared to take care of another onrush
from the watershed. Widespread power
development, that will come even in
this generation, will banish from long
stretches and from over immense areas
the miasma of typhoid and malaria.
Another phase is all-the-year-around
inland navigation. This, like soil reclamation,
comes directly from power projects
and is dependent upon them. The
dams, with their locks, obliterate dangerous
shoal waters. Dams, holding the
swollen river at times of heaviest flow,
release the surplus waters through
seasons of least precipitation when ordinarily
the river might be too low for
navigation. Our inland waterways might
now be in an advanced state of development
for transportation had it not been
for coal and the steam engine. Here
again coal retarded hydro-progress for
more than fifty years. But hydro-electric
manufacturing, brought into existence
by high-priced coal and high rail rates,
is forcing river commerce upon us. And
it comes in the day of economic need,
increase in population, and swelling farm
and factory production. And what opportunities
! There are half a dozen
rivers in the United States any one of
which might become another Rhine, with
an endless flow of traffic. We can have
the most extensive and equitably distributed
inland waterways systems of any
nation—not one can equal us.
No one can set or even vision the
limits of hydro-power, with consequent
soil reclamation, flood control, disease
elimination and river commerce. It is a
development no less practical than dazzling
; easily the most wonderful endeavor
ever entered upon in man's long struggle
for mastery of natural forces and knowledge
of the uses of natural resources.

i4f.
Twenty-two Anxious Days
HI"W < Hi'lHi^JHi-l.'iUa r^msf^ptmKmmmmmmmMmMMmimMm^
For twenty-two long days hopeful families watched
while brave bands of rescuers worked days and nights
to reach the forty-seven miners who had been entombed
4,350 feet under the surface when fire broke
out in the Argonaut Gold Mine near Jackson, California.
At left—the surface shafts and works of the mine.
Below—the wives and families of the buried miners
stood vigil for days at the mouth of the mine

FOOTBALL
GENERALSHIP
Walter H. Eckersall
T O the average follower of football
the expression "Generalship in
Football" means little, but to those
'closely identified with the great gridiron
game, it means so much that each year
practically every coach is confronted
with the task of developing a field general,
who possesses all the mental and
physical qualifications to pilot a team
through a successful season.
The fan in the grandstand or bleachers
has a second guess. The football general
has but one. If his judgment in the selection
of plays is correct, he is a hero. If
he makes the slightest error in judgment,
he is a condemned player. If the blunder
happens in an important struggle, he generally
occupies a seat on the sidelines
during the next contest.
There have been many great field generals
who possessed football intuition.
They were quick to size up situations as
they arose in the heat of battle and they
knew exactly the kind of plays to call into
commission. On defense they anticipated
an opponent's attack and directed their
teammates accordingly. These, however,
have been few and far between.
A coach, who has a dependable strate-
^y^
When it Comes to Football Generalship, Walter Eckersall
Knows Whereof He Speaks. "Eckie" Played
Quarterback—the General's Station—on the Chicago
Maroon's Great Team from 1903 to 1906, and Was
Probably the Greatest All-Around Player the Game
Has Ever Known. He Punted, Drop-Kicked, Ran with
the Ball, Tackled and Directed His Team with the Best
of Them, Earning Himself a Place on Walter Camp's
All-American Team for All Time
gist to pilot his eleven, may be said to be
well on the road to success. From the
very start of each season, the mentors try
to explain and drive home the absolute
necessity of using certain plays on different
parts of the gridiron. The point
of punting whenever in doubt is instilled
into the minds of the field generals and
captains, for there is no more disheartening
play in football than the punt, which
After Watching His Linemen and Those of the
Enemy and by Studying Their Methods and
Their Speed in Getting In On Plays,
the Team General Can Break Up
^—^ Many Plays Which Otherwise
aaiL^^ Would Gain Ground by Shifting
the Men According to the
\^aW Way They Play
343

348 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Aubrey Devine, of Iowa, Always Seemed to Know Just
Where to Throw a Forward Pass so That One of His
Men Would Get It
takes away thirty or forty yards of an opponent's
hard earned ground. The supposition
that one ground-gaining play
generally paves the way for another is a
fundamental principle of strategy and
generalship.
The effort to spot weaknesses in an opponent's
defense should be among the
first things attempted by a field general
after the struggle begins. The seriousness
of the failure of a play to work successfully
must be weighed as much as its
success, and must be done in a fraction of
a second, with no second guess permitted.
Although most coaches map out the
gridiron in zones, and instruct their pilots
to use certain plays in each of the areas,
this plan does not hold good in all cases.
There are times when a team must take
chances and it is generally up to the field
general to determine the psychological
moment to call a surprise play into
action. There is generally a set defense
to meet every known attack. In order to
smash up this defense and disorganize
the defending players, unexpected formations
must be called into commission in
the hope they will be successful or will
loosen or tighten the defense so that other
formations will gain.
The average fan who watches a football
game believes a guard plays opposite a
guard and a tackle opposite a tackle. It is
a common occurrence to read about some
guard outplaying another guard, or some
tackle thwarting another tackle. This belief
is all wrong. On offense, a team
always plays what is known as a tight
line. The forwards protect to the inside;
on certain plays, the offensive tackle
helps to box the defensive guard, while
the offending end takes care of the defensive
tackle. The offensive guard may
work on the center, or he may be instructed
to break through and help take
off the secondary defense. On defense,
a loose line is employed. The linemen
generally play to the outside of the offensive
forwards. In these positions, a
field general must think instantly what
play to call to slide his fullback or half-
When to Take a Chance and
Throw the Ball and When to Run with It. Don
Lourie, of Princeton, Was a Good Man at Deciding
Which to Do
back in between the defending guard or
tackle, or through the hole left open by
the opposing center.
The strategist must know how every
player on his team moves on each play-
He must know whether his linemen
charge forward, in or out to take advantage
of momentary openings. He must
weigh the strength of the two lines and
the speed with which his backs get up to
the scrimmage line. If the backs are a
fraction of a second slow in reaching the
line of scrimmage, he can instruct them
to move a foot or two closer to the line.
In other words, he can adjust his men 50

that no time will be lost in reaching the
points of attack.
In the successful execution of open
plays in which the forward pass is a
dominant factor, the field general must
discern quickly the speed with which the
eligible men get out into the open to receive
the passes. He must learn if his
ends or halfbacks can outsprint the defense.
If they can, the ball should be
thrown into space, and the success of the
play determined by the speed with which
the receiver outruns the defense to the
oval.
Every play has a signal. Each number
commands the various players on the
offending team to function differently.
At times they will adapt themselves to
existing conditions, but it is up to the
strategist to instruct his men to vary
their charges or blocks a trifle to lend
more aid to the play.
The successful strategist is the man
who learns to conserve the speed and
strength of his eleven. Enough reserve
should be held so the entire eleven men
can put forth strenuous efforts when the
opponent's goal is approached. It is a
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 349
"Duke" Morrison, Punter from California. Long
Punts Put the Ball in the Enemy's Own Territory and
Keep Him Doing the Worrying
well known fact that the closer a team
approaches the other's goal, the harder
it is to gain ground, for the simple reason
that the secondary defense is pulled
up and the attacking eleven has practically
two lines of defense to penetrate.
At such stages the field general must see
that every player knows the signal, and
that the eleven men move as a unit when
the ball is snapped.
There is no more dangerous play in
football than the punt, and it has changed
the complexion of many a hard-fought
struggle. There is nothing in football
which will discourage a team quicker
than to have its yardage—gained by the
combined efforts of eleven men—taken
away by a long boot of an opponent.
Teams will crack under constant pressure.
The much-sought-for break will
present itself sooner or later, and then a
fresh alert end will get the golden opportunity
to spring from oblivion into
the hall of football fame by scooping up
a loose oval and scampering across the
goal line.
"Make the other fellow do all the
worrying" is a pet expression of a num-

350 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Many a Game Has Been Lost from Blocked Kicks Which Have Been Recovered by the Foe Withii
Striking Distance of the Goal Posts
ber of football coaches. By this is meant
to keep an opponent fighting in his territory
all the time. One of the surest
ways to do this is to employ the punting
game. No one can tell when a poor punt
or one out of bounds will net either team
a large gain on the exchanges.
To the average fan, the sending of
plays at an injured player may appear
brutal, but it is fundamental generalship.
It is an established fact that the eleven
players who start in an important contest
are the very best on the squad. It follows
that any warrior compelled to leave
the game will weaken the eleven somewhat.
For this reason, the smart strategist
will send the next play at the injured
man as soon as the whistle is blown
for play to be resumed.
It is also an established psychological
fact that the removal of a star player
from an important contest has a depressing
effect on the others of his team. They
do not have the same confidence in the
new player, and seldom put the same
dash and drive into their efforts as when
the first-string player was in the battle.
Not only must the field general or
strategist use his brains at all times, but
the same is true of other players, ball
carriers especially. The present game of
football permits of so many possibilities
that the brainy player can do many things
not denoted by the signal. The optional
forward pass permits of unlimited possibilities.
The signal may call for a pass
and the man with the ball must discern
quickly whether his eligible receivers are
clear in the open or whether he can make
a few yards by dashing around the ends
or off the tackles.
Aubrey Devine of Iowa, captain of
last year's western conference championship
eleven, was one of the most expert
in this line since the coining of the forward
pass back in 1906. Devine was of
the type who possessed football intuition.
He knew when to toss the ball and when
to run with it. This uncanny knack
threw confusion into most of Iowa's opponents
last fall, and was the leading
factor in bringing the first championship
to Iowa City since 1900. Others of this
type were "Bo" McMillin, star of the
Centre eleven of Danville, Kentucky;
Glenn Killinger, the doughty quarterback
of the Penn State eleven last year;
Milton Romney. who piloted the Chicago
eleven a year ago ; Don Lourie of Princeton
: and Walter Steffen, the former
Chicago quarterback.
One of the best examples of successful
execution of the optional pass took place
in the Chicago-Ohio State game last
year. These two teams had struggled
along on nearly even terms until near the
close of the last period, wdien the Buckeyes
rushed the oval close to the Maroon
goal. A forward pass play was called.
Captain Myers of Ohio was given the
ball. An instant after receiving the oval,
the Buckeye leader detected an opening
in the center of the Maroon line. Quick
as a flash he shot through it for a touchdown,
the only score of the game.
"Crossing" an opponent is another fine

piece of strategy. This was done to perfection
in two important games last year.
Chicago journeyed to Princeton to meet
the Tigers in one of the most important
intersectional clashes of the year. In
Princeton's section, the game is played
safe at all times. The punt is always
called upon when the ball rests dangerously
close to the offending team's goal.
Shortly after the start of the game, Chicago
got possession of the oval inside its
fifteen yard line. Princeton naturally expected
a punt.
With a cocksureness which could not
be denied, the Maroons put the ball in
play by scrimmage and started to march
down the field. The idea of a fumble or
miscalled signal never entered the minds
of Quarterback Romney or Captain
McGuire or any of the other western
players. Eastern experts looked upon
ILLUSTRATED WORLD . 351
A Fumble Within One Yard of the Goal Line Is a Costly Thing. This Is One
Place Where Luck—Good or Bad, Whichever Way You Look at It—Takes the
Place of Generalship and Sometimes Decides the Winner of the Fray. Right—
Myers, of Ohio, Broke a Tie in a Hard-Fought Game with Chicago Last Year by
Changing His Mind the Last Second and Running with the Ball Instead of Making
a Forward Pass
this piece of work as the most foolish
they ever saw, and predicted defeat for
Chicago by a wide margin. Chicago,
however, covered the chalk marks with
surprising quickness. Supposedly im-
pregnable points, such as the position of
Captain Stanley Keck of Princeton, were
smashed with apparent ease. Not once,
but several times, did Chicago cross the
Tigers in this manner until the western
eleven trotted off the field on the long
end of a 9 to 0 score.
Illinois, which defeated Ohio State in
one of the closing western conference
games last year, did practicallv the same
thing. Illinc is had previously been
beaten by Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan
and Chicago, but to win from its most
bitter rival, Coach Zuppke instructed his
men to throw caution to the winds, violate
all the fundamental principles of
football in a desperate effort to win.
Toward the end of the second quarter,
wdien the ball rested in midfield, Don
Peden, Illinois halfback, tossed a forward
pass to Captain Walquist, who
gathered in the oval, evaded the Buckeye
tacklers and ran the remaining distance
for a touchdown. It was a brilliant play
and executed at a most unexpected time.
'Continued on page 472)

Thr; Vehicular Ferry In Hoboken, New
Jersey, Is Three Hundred Feet Long and It
Saves a Dusty Ride of Four Miles By Road
The Latest Idea In Sidecars recently Appeared
In London
Leland Stanford University Has a New
Stadium. It Is of Immense Size and
Experts Say It Should Last Something
Like Ten Thousand Years. That Ought
To Be Long Enough
New Type of Seaplane
Has a Factor of
Safety, In That It
Can Run All By Itself
Without a Pilot. In
a Recent Test the
Pilot Did Not Touch
the Control With
Either His Hands or
His Feet During the
Entire Flight

THE CAR, THE HUNTER AND
HIS GUN
By ERNEST COLER
N O matter how great may be our inclination
to credit the automobile
with the general and sweeping
virtue of being the most important
adjunct to our complicated modern life,
the specific service which I regard as the
greatest among the many rendered by the
motor car comes from the thoroughness
with which it has reawakened our love
for the great outdoors. Even milady of
fastidious tastes, she who formerly
guarded her delicate complexion against
all vulgar contact with wind and sun, now
sits enthroned behind the steering wheel,
preferring the companionship of the open
road to the soft amenities of the drawing
room. Any way you consider it, the
automobile has made us a hardier race
and is offering health-giving advantages
with which few other forms of outdoor
enjoyment can be compared.
All this being so, it is no wonder that
the average motorist, when Fall rolls
around, feels his soul stirred with a recrudescence
of the slumbering hunting
instinct in obedience to which his remote
ancestors slew great animals with primitive
weapons, while we, the descendants,
solve the problem by way of the butcher
shop or with the aid of the can opener.
So, when the weather begins to get
cooler, the man, who during the summer
months has chauffered his family from
seaside resorts to suburban inns and jazz
palaces, takes stock of his emotions somewhat
in this fashion: "Well, according to
my own totally unanimous opinion you
folks have had a pretty good time. So
here's where your old man gets a little
excitement all by himself. In other
words, dear people, your provider and
meal ticket is going on a little hunting
trip." Or words to that effect.
Now modern hunting, even in a country
which, like ours, is still blessed with
some game, is no longer the complicated
affair it used to be. Instead of bidding
your friends tearful farewell and disappearing
in the untamed wilderness,
with an excellent chance of being eaten
by lions or bears, to emerge several
months later ornamented with a fullgrown
beard and loaded down with the
trophies of the chase, our average modern
hunter often proceeds with an equipment
consisting mainly of a gun, a box of cartridges
and an automobile guide book;
for much of the old-time difficulty of
reaching happy hunting grounds has been
solved by our willing and all-around
servant, the automobile.
Not that I want to give the impression
"So Long, Jim—Take Care of Yourself. I'll Be Back
in a Week To Drive You Home"
that mountain goats may be run down
with the nimble Ford, or that you might
secure a nice, warm bear-skin lap robe
by beating the original owner of the skin
to it in a Rolls-Royce roadster. The
truth is, however, that thousands of hunters
find their transportation questions
simplified through the ability to transport
themselves, their companions and theii
duffle to such close proximity to the
ground over which they wish to hunt as
to bring a hunting trip within the reach
of many who heretofore were deterred
by the time ordinarily consumed in the
undertaking. While no macadam road
leads right up to the front door of the
mountain lion's cave, perfectly passable
353

354 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Who Wouldn't Be a Duck Hunter When They Are
Coming in Gangs Like This?
roads lead to places where lesser game
will reward the hunter's skill with the
shotgun or rifle. We can't all be Theodore
Roosevelts. yet a whole day may be
crammed with the densest excitement of
a woodchuck hunt, the chuck being one
of the foxiest of creatures, with a greater
variety of ways of eluding capture than
an up-to-date and energetic bootlegger.
Of course, the very idea of hunting induces
the thought of equipment. Right
there the motorist, even tbough he be a
hunting novice, fares better than his
brother of non-motoring proclivities. The
motorist, who is necessarily more or less
of an outdoor man, has acquired the habit
of being prepared for the worst while
hoping for the best and, hence, has become
a fairly good judge of what constitutes
suitable and proper wearing
apparel. Benefiting by what he knows
about tires and being aware that a spare
inner tube carried under the seat for six
months may in the twinkle of a second
reflect the owner's wisdom and foresight,
he is apt to err on the maximum rather
than on the minimum side of the equipment
question. As long as he remembers
that woolen underclothing, through its
tendency to absorb body moisture, keeps
even the most copiously perspiring body
dry and its owner from catching cold, the
quinine bottle is not apt to come into use
during the trip.
If the motoring hunter is not fully
grounded in hunting lore, the lethal part
of the equipment looms large in importance.
It is here where the amateur
Nimrod makes his greatest mistakes.
Most of us have come to realize that there
is no such thing as an all-around shotgun
or shotgun load. But the number of those
who believe in the existence of an allaround
rifle is surprisingly great and furnishes
unmistakable proof that folks do
read the advertisements in sporting and
other magazines. Just as speed in an automobile
is primarily produced in the power
plant—the motor—so what counts in the
rifle is not the weapon itself but the
cartridge. If we except the specialized
requirements of the target shooter, who
measures his groups with calipers and
micrometers, all rifles handling a given
cartridge may be said to be equally good,
whatever their make may be. What determines
the power, the range, the speed
at which the bullet travels and its killing
properties, is primarily the cartridge.
Somehow in the minds of many persons
whose interest in ballistics is more or
less remote, the so-called thirty-thirty
cartridge has come to be regarded as the
most powerful. This is an error. The
cartridge, at one time the most powerful
smokeless hunting cartridge using a
jacketed bullet, has been superseded by
other more efficient combinations of
powder and missile, though it is true that
it retains much of its former vogue
among lumbermen and guides and is almost
universally employed bv the Mexicans
who make revolution and banditry a
regular profession. Never, dear reader,
in speaking of American cartridges, mention
"steeljacketed" bullets; there are
none—never were. Bullet jackets are
either cupro-nickel, copper, or the most
modern copper-bronze alloys sold under
trade names, such as Lubaloy.
Now the full designation of the 30-30
cartridge is 30-30-170. The cartridge for
the Krag rifle is 30-40-220; the present
army rifle, the so-called new Springfield
or 1906 Government, uses a cartridge 30-
45-150; and there are others, like the
45-75-550, the 32-40-165 and so on.
The first of the three figures always
means the caliber or bore of the rifle

arrel; the second gives the capacity of
the shell for holding black powder, and
the third sets down the weight of the
bullet. The general adoption of the blackpowder
unit of measuring shell capacity,
even in the case of cartridges using only
smokeless powder, is simply due to the
fact that, whereas smokeless powders
vary in "density" or "concentration," the
old-fashioned black powder is absolutely
uniform in its bulk.
From what has been said before it becomes
clear that when you decide to go
hunting this Fall the first thing to do is
to decide what you are going to hunt,
and the second thought must be given to
the weapon with which you will do your
hunting. An ultra-high-power rifle is not
the one to use in shooting squirrels, and a
twenty-two is no weapon with which to
go after animals included in the category
of "big game." The one exception that
occurs to me at the moment is the earlier
mentioned woodchuck, a small bit of a
beast that must be killed so dead that it
cannot move an inch ; for unless the animal
is practically decapitated it will dive,
though mortally wounded, into its always
nearby hole and be lost to the hunter.
How badly you will feel over such a loss
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 355
depends entirely upon your temperament.
For squirrels, rats and other small
vermin, and for crows which are difficult
to reach with the shotgun, any rifle shooting
the .22 long rifle cartridge is excellent.
Although the catalogues will tell you that
a rifle will shoot both the .22 short and
the .22 long rifle cartridges, if you value
your rifle's accuracy, never use anything
but the .22 long rifle cartridge, because
the shorter cartridges are bound to burn
out the cartridge chamber of your gun in
short order.
If you go after small and medium
game—deer, loon, bobcat, coyote, etc.
Three Big Bears Bagged in Alaska by a Famous Hunter and His Native Guide. The One in the Center
Weighs One Thousand Pounds. They Were Shot With a .25 Caliber Rifle
—you will find an excellent and inexpensive
cartridge in the 38-40 or .44. Other
good cartridges, of more power, for
medium and larger game are the 30-30.
the Remington .32, the 32-40, the 30-45
or Krag, and the 25-35.
Then, there are some who like to chase
the tough ones in their haunts, but they
don't do much of it in our country. The
usual places for such sport are in Africa's
or India's jungles, after the roaring lion,
the huge elephant or the blood-thirsty
tiger. But for those who crave large game
—anything from deer to elephant—the
most valuable and easily procured car-

356 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
«- • > .'.'^*^A" ... _«T_-*__.*«
good deal simpler, the following table setting
forth all needful information:
THE RIGHT GAME LOAD TO USE
Shot Sizes
The Game .12 .16 .20
Ga. Ga. Ga.
Brant Brant Load or 4
Heavy Duck Load 5
Dove Dove Load or 7 J.
Grouse Load or 7 7;. 7J_
Quail Load 8 8 8
Duck Duck Load or .6 6 6
Heavy Duck Load or 5
Brant Load 4
A Good Bag Means There Isn't a Chance for Starvation
in Camp
Fox
Goose
Grouse
Goose Load
Goose Load
Grouse Load or
2
2
7
.......
7J_ 7J_
Duck Load 6 6 6
tridge is the .30 U. S. Government, particPartridge
Grouse Load or 7 7J_ 7J.
ularly the type loaded specially for hunting,
that is with an expanding bullet
such as the Western hollow-point, the
Pheasant
Plover
Duck Load
Grouse Load or
Duck Load
Snipe Load or
6
7
6
9
6 6
7^_ 7y2
6 6
9 9
Remington umbrella point, and others.
Quail Load or 8 8 8
Though the Springfield rifle issued by
the U. S. Government is not available to
the average hunter, the Winchester Com­
Dove Load
Prairie Chicken. .Grouse Load
Quail Quail Load or
Sni|,e Load or
7 J_
7 7J_ 7J_
8 8 8
9 9 9
pany has for years made an excellent
weapon handling this cartridge and quite
recently the Remington Arms Company
Rabbit
Dove Load
Rabbit Load or
Squirrel Load or
Grouse Load
7 Y2
6 6 7
6 6 7
7 7J. 7J_
has come out with a high-power sporting Raccoon Goose Load 2
rifle which is an interesting modification
of the American Enfield rifle, with which
most of our troops were equipped during
Rail
Snipe and
Sora
Squirrel
Snipe Load or
Quail Load or
Dove Load
Squirrel Load or
9
8
7J_
6
9
8
6
9
8
7
the World War.
Rabbit Load or 6 6 7
Of course, there are other cartridges,
enough of them to fill a good-sized catalogue,
but those listed here give a fair
Turkey
Woodcock
Duck Load
Goose Load
Snipe Load or
Quail Load
6
2
9
S
6
9
8
6
9
9
illustration of the need for intelligent When the spirit moves you to hie your­
selection.
self to the woods, "far from the madden­
If the hunter goes wdth the shotgun ing throng," you will do well to enlist th
after feathered game and small fur bear­ co-operation of the automobile, at least
ers, like fox or coon, the problem is a for part of the way. whether the car be
your own, nickel-plated, sumptuous
1
limousine, or the livery man's humble
Ford. Whatever kind of auto you ride
in, you'll get closer to the "forest prime
val" and have more fun than if you were
on a train.
Doesn't This Picture Stir Your Soul?

For Fifty Years Captain John Durbin Sailed the Great Lakes.
He Watched the Schooners Replaced by Steamships, and Flying
Boats Soar Over the Ships.
His Last Request Was That His
Friend James Curran Drop His
Ashes Into the Water From the
Skies
Professor Joseph Tykociner, of
the University of Illinois, Has
Invented What Is Called the
First Perfectly Synchronized
Talking Moving Picture. The
Talk Part of the Picture Is
Right on One Side of the Negative
and Is Ingeniously Projected
By the Same Light Rays That
Project the Picture
Twenty Thousand Color Combinations
Are Possible With This
New Color Chart. By Laying
a Mask Over the Chart the Color
Harmonies Are Made to Appear
Through the Openings of the
Mask. The Chart Is So Laid Out
That No Discords in Color Can
Appear. Now Milady Can Have
Well-Matched Colors in Her
Various Articles of Apparel
© UNPEPWOOD & UNDEBWOOD

AN INTIMATE GLIMPSE OF
NORWAY
Hardangerfjord. In the Hardanger We Are Near the Heart of Norway, and Find It, as Wegeland Writes,
"the Wondrous Beautiful"
O F old it was said "See Naples and
die!" A much better prescription
will be found now in the more optimistic
"See Norway and live!" A trip
to Norway is the most regenerative and
educational tonic a man can have. He
can in this way get away from the whirl
of business and enjoy real life among
people different from any other in the
world.
We have become so accustomed to the
sophisticated manner of great cities that
we almost forget nature unless we call a
halt for a week or so and go forth in
large droves, like herds of cattle on tourist
steamers or railroad excursions where
between the blinding effect of the soft
coal and the noise of the news butcher
trying to sell us numberless things we
don't want we simply sit and stew in the
insufferable summer heat and hope to
die or feel a breeze. Still we will designate
such a trip as a "holiday", and
travel thousands of miles in all sorts of
physical and mental discomfort, wdien the
western fjords of Norway and the Midnight
Sun await us at the end of a nine
358
day's journey to Bergen. Leaving New
York on the steamer Bergensfjord on
Friday we are in the region of lighter
Alfred E. Henderson, Traveller, Writer and Lecturer,
Says "the Beauties of Norway Are So Numerous That
They Are Appalling"

nights a week later and the final
forty-eight hours is marked by
almost continuous light, culminating
in the fine views of
the rocky coast wdth its fjords
and background of mountains
till the town of Bergen is
reached.
Bergen, the second city of
Norway, wdth a population of
nearly one hundred thousand, is
a place of striking contrast. For
example it has, at one time, the
worst weather and the best behavior
to be found in all the
country. Courtesy prevails,
hospitality abounds, and if you
know one good family in Bergen
you will not have a dull
moment during your stay.
Then, from Bergen arrange
a trip by the steam yacht
"Irma" to the North Cape, calling at all
the points of interest en route. The
cruise generally takes about two weeks.
Half of the time is within the polar circle,
with the sun visible right through the
twenty-four hours of each day, and all
of the trip is through the midnight-daylight
from start to finish.
The main advantage of taking such a
cruise on a Norwegian yacht is obvious.
The Captain, Johan Loose, his officers
and his crew are natives, born and bred
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 359
The Midnight Sun
on the coast and their knowledge of the
country and its marvelous seaboard is
most valuable to the student of Norway,
while their tales of the local customs
and of the folk-lore entering so largely
into the life of the "mystic north" would
thrill the most casual of travelers. But
there is something stimulating and invigorating
in the air, that makes one
eager to probe every mystery with enthusiasm.
"Every day brings a new attraction"—
Bergen. The Tyska Bryggen (Hanseatic Quay) Still Retains Much of Its Medieval Picturesqueness

360 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Naero Fjord Is the Wildest and Grandest Arm of the Sogne
Fjord. So Lofty Are the Mountains That Some of the Inhabitants
of the Shores See the Sun for Only a Few Weeks in the
Year. So Deep Is the Water That a Plummet Has Never
Touched the Bottom
so runs the booklet of the cruise, but this
expression is too tame. Every moment
for two weeks brings a new thrill of a
new kind. In fact the beauties of Norway
are so numerous that they are appalling
! It is impossible in this brief survey
to do more than indicate the points
passed and to devote special attention to
the more notable, from a world point of
view, of the wonders we are going to see
at the closest range possible.
Leaving Bergen we steam along the
coast in the smooth waters between the
islands, and the next evening we enter
the Romsdalsfjord and anchor at Nes
( Aandalsness ) about midnight. On the
following morning comes the first drive
in a "stol-kjaerre", a buggy-like vehicle,
with two wheels, built after the pattern
of the old English gig, with a seat for
two persons in front and a place for the
driver behind. He drives with the reins
passing between the two passengers. At
the first sight of these slightly-built
vehicles one can hardly imagine
them as strong enough to bear
the loads placed upon them, but
accidents are almost unknown
and the plump, sturdy pony
knows both the national vehicle
and the Norwegian roads.
For the first quarter of an hour
one is uneasy driving along the
steep, winding road, for we are
in for a climb of some three
thousand feet, well wdthin the
snow line, with the great snowclad
peaks and mountain-sides
towering always two to three
thousand feet above us. Our
procession of "stol-kjaerres"
wdnding its way up the mountain
sides, often pursuing such a serpentine
course that three or four
bends of it are directly visible in
front of the passengers at the
"tail end", somewhat suggests the
movements of a huge centipede.
Good treatment and feeding
are the order of the day in Norway
and the ponies are no exception
to the rule. They are
never whipped or ill-treated in
any way. One does not wdsh to
drive quickly for fear of missing
some new scene of enchantment
and in a little while one so relies on the
docility and mule-like surefootedness of
his pony that he looks unmoved upon the
spectacle of a steep precipice several
hundred feet below the narrow road bed.
Later in the afternoon we reach Molde
and then, after an evening in one of the
loveliest fjord harbors possible to imagine,
we leave for Trondhjem. Next
morning we enter the harbor of the ancient
capital, now called Trondhjem,
formerly known as Nidaros. Trondhjem
is the viking city, one of the oldest historical
centers in the world, the crowning
place of all Norway's kings from King
Olaf in 997 A.D. to the present time. Its
cathedral is easily the finest ecclesiastical
building in Scandinavia and dates from
the latter part of the eleventh century.
Only the foundations of the original
building remain, for the present transept
and chapter house were built under the
supervision of Archbishop Oystein (1161-
1183). For many years the cathedral has

High Rocks Running Sheer Down into Deep, Clear Waters, a Snow-Clad Mountain for a Background,
and Brilliant Effects of Sunshine and Shadow, Characterize the Lovely Geirangerfjord, One of the
Scenic Spots in Western Norway
361

362 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
been undergoing restoration
and when quite completed it is
safe to say that it will be one of
the finest, as well as one of the
most interesting in the whole
world. King Haakon and
Queen Maud .were crowned
here in 1906.
The "Stiftsgaarden", the old
State House, used as a residence
by the King and Queen
and attaches when in Trondhjem,
is the largest wooden
palace in Europe and is in a
splendid state of preservation.
That night we saw the sun
above the horizon till a little
after eleven, and we were full of
the great expectation of seeing
the midnight sun on the morrow.
This turned out to be the
last time we retired before midnight
for six days—in other
words it was our last night's
rest for nearly a week. After
that we took morning naps—
and strange to say—the system
demanded no more..
We continued to steam northward between
the islands, to Svartisen which is
almost within the Polar Circle. Before
us is a scene of unrivalled beauty and
charm. Our steam yacht, the "Irma", has
approached, apparently, to the foot of the
largest glacier in Norway, Svartisen
(black ice), and we find that the Svartisen
Glacier is itself as marvelous a mys-
The Stolkjaerre Is the Time-Honored Norwegian Vehicle. They
Are Drawn by Sure-Footed Native Ponies and Give Their Passengers
Leisure to Enjoy the Scenery
Everyone Fishes in Norway and Nowhere in the World Are the Fish So Much
Used as a Daily Healthful Diet. Cold Storage Is Unknown
tery as the mountains themselves. Conceive
a walk of nearly one English mile
over rocks that are older than history,
that are themselves firmly entrenched in
more rock. Then picture roaring waterfalls
bursting down the mountain sides in
ceaseless grandeur that awes while it
captivates with charm. Then in full view
of the glistening and mirror-like waters
of the fjord below, picture if you
can, huge masses of
ice-boulders in dazzling
white, blue and
a restful green.
Then realize that for
the next six weeks
here it will be perpetual
day!
Approaching nearer,
always listening
to the roaring waters
above one goes
under one of the
lower arches just
for a second's space
and is impressed
wdth the awfulness
and the sublimity
(Cont. on page 456)

HUMAN NATURE AS A BURGLAR
SEES IT
What won Id you do if you
heard a bin glar working in
your home in Ihe night? Would
you prowl throug It the house
to find him? If he flashed a
light at you, -won Id you shoot
at it? Then read "what a man
in the game has lo tell you.
I AM a burglar. At least I was until if you're caught and the temptation to
use one in a pinch too great. Without
the law took a hand and slapped me a gun a burglar doesn't add the gallows
into Joliet prison to do ten years. I've to his other risks. So most of the knights
done half my "stretch" and the romantic of the flashlight and the jimmy leave their
and picturesque side of burgling faded "gats" at home and put in a little more
long ago. It has a trick of doing that be­ time planning a safe getaway if they are
hind stone walls and barred windows. surprised.
My greatest "yen" right now is for a Don't get the idea that all burglars
steady job—in the daytime—with payday are unarmed, however. The one you
every Saturday. Any kind of a job will might find in your home in the dead of
do, wdth one exception. I'm fed up on night might be on tbe business end of a
making shoes.
six-shooter and have a nervous trigger
The detectives who arrested me told finger. So don't take chances with him.
the judge I was an artist in my line. That It's humiliating to lie still wdth the covers
puffed me up for a minute. Then his over your head and let some fellow walk­
honor punctured me by saying that, that away with your watch and money, but
being the case, he would tack on a couple it's safer. Lots of people have got their
of years to give me time to outgrow it; names in the news columns because they
I was too dangerous to be at large. tackled an armed burglar and came out
As far as my victims' valuables were on top, but the percentage of those who
concerned, the judge was right. I've landed in the death notices or the list
made some good hauls in my day, mostly of wounded instead is pretty high.
because people make it easy for a crook Tf you've got a gun yourself and must
with brains to rob them. If the judge shoot it out with the chap who has just
was talking about the personal safety of struck a match or flashed a light in your
those whose homes I entered, he was bedroom, let me give you a tip. Don't
wrong. In all my burgling I never hurt shoot at the light. Nine times out of ten
anyone. I hate bloodshed and brutality a burglar is crouching down and holding
and I never carried a gun. In fact, it the light at arm's length over his head or,
was my tender heart that landed me in if he is standing up, it's as far to one
prison.' But I'll tell you about that later. side or the other as he can reach.
The popular idea that a burglar always Naturally, if you shoot at the light, the
is a desperate individual witb a gun in bullet is going over him or off to one side
his hand is wrong. Only an amateur or and if he's the kind that shoots back, the
a coward carries a weapon when he goes advantage passes over to him. He knows
house-breaking. It's too big a handicap
363

364 ILLUSTRATED W
DON'T
Leave a night light burning, then
forget to pull the blinds or leave inside
doors open. A burglar appreciates
an opportunity to inspect the
whole
dows.
downstairs through the win­
Raise the windows for ventilation
so high that a man can crawl through
them. Raise them a foot and block
the top with a stick so they can't be
pushed up any higher.
Keep valuables around the house.
Use a safety deposit box. If you
have a large sum in the house overnight,
put it between the mattresses
and the springs of your bed. Unless
the burglar is unusually desperate
he'll not get it.
Think that a locked door with the
key left in the lock insures safety. A
safety chain a few inches from the
floor, where it cannot be reached by
cutting the glass pane, is a good precaution.
A burglar with a pair of
tweezers can turn the key in a few
minutes.
Give strangers, no matter how
plausible their excuse, an opportunity
to examine the interior of your home.
Make them prove they are telephone
inspectors,
tricians.
meter readers, or elec­
Be free with information over the
telephone to the effect that the man
of the house is away for the night, if
where a strange you are voice and inquires most likely for him. he kept his
eye on you when he lit up.
Don't misunderstand me. I'm not advising
you to let a burglar get away if
you can help it. I'm merely warning you
that if he is desperate enough to invade
your home, he may have a gun and if he
has a gun, he's liable to use it. A sudden
and loud noise is just as good as a bullet
in putting him to flight if that is wdiat
you want. He's just as much frightened
as you are and he'll be only too glad
to go in a hurry. If that noise happens
to be a woman's scream—good night!
Every careful burglar I ever knew was
as anxious to locate the sleeping places
of the women in the house as he was to
know where the loot was hidden. A keeneared
burglar can stand in the front hall
downstairs and locate every masculine
sleeper in the house in a jiffy. But a
woman breathes so lightly and wakes up
so quietly you never can be sure she's
really id not playing possum. If
she's i id sees you—it's time for
you to _ ne average woman will start
screaming and she's quite likely to get up
and chase you out of the house and a
block up the street in her nightie and
rouse everybody in the neighborhood in
the bargain.
Women, too, have a habit of waking
up in the night, remembering something
they forgot to do, and start prowling
around in the dark. A man would make
an awful fuss doing it, but a woman is
usually quite quiet in her movements.
So if you're a woman and find a burglar
in the house, cut loose and yell. Unless
he's a fool, he will start running at once.
The narrowest escape I ever had was
once when I broke into a house, thinking
there was only one woman there, I had
overlooked the maid. I knew where the
man and his wife slept and .my ears had
told me he was dead to the world, but I
couldn't hear her.
I peeped into the room. Instantly the
woman cut loose with a succession of
shrieks. She had been lying awake all
the time!
As usual, I had my getaway all planned;
so I dashed for the back stairs. My way
was blocked by another shrieking female
—the maid. There wasn't time for me
to go back and I tried to get past her.
We wound up on the kitchen floor, she
clawing like a wildcat. By the time I
shook her off and departed through the
window my face was so badly scratched
I had to lie low for a couple of weeks
wdiile it healed. I was kept busy dodging
the neighbors when I went away from
there, too. A steam calliope couldn't
have roused them better than did those
two yelling women.
Women may be the bane of a burglar's
life, but they're the ones who make it
profitable as well. Instead of keeping
their valuables in a safety deposit vault,
they insist on sticking them around the
house in all sorts of out-of-the-way
places, thinking they have hidden them
safely. As a matter of fact, they are not
fooling anyone except themselves. No observant
burglar will miss one of those
hiding places if he has time to look.
Another time, a guy who had picked
out a likely house to rob asked me to join
him. He had been a burglar for years,

ut it didn't take me long to see that what
he depended upon was luck. He knew
how the inside of the house lay and he
went upstairs while I frisked the lower
part. He came back lugging the clothes
of the man of the house.
"What's that for, you boob?" I asked.
"Going into the old clothes business?
Ditch 'em. No married man leaves any
money in his pockets except carfare. If
he's got a roll, odds are he's stuck it in
his shoe. His wife wouldn't look'for it
there."
"I went through the bureau drawer,
but her rings ain't there, either," he
whispered.
"Go on back," I whispered. "If she's
a bureau hider, look among the clean
clothes in the second drawer. If she
isn't that kind, look on top of the dresser
or on the washstand in the bathroom."
Before he got back I could have sworn
he'd find them in the bureau. I had
found enough to convince me she was a
hider, all right. Under the carpet were
a couple of bonds, behind a picture on
the wall was a ten-dollar bill stuck between
the wires, and under the phonograph
top was her purse. In the kitchen
I discovered a pair of scales.
"Ah, ha," I said to myself, "she's one
of the economical kind. She weighs the
stuff that comes from the grocery and
the meat market. I'll frisk the china
closet." Sure enough, just as I expected,
the bills were stuck in a cream pitcher and
under the bills was the money she'd
slipped out of her household allowance.
My pal found the other stuff just as I
predicted. He was all for tooting me up
as a mind reader because I knew where
to look. But it wasn't that at all. Having
been a married man myself, I knew what
a woman was likely to do. They're all
alike.
No doubt you've read and laughed over
the story of the woman who left a note
for her husband saying she had gone over
to her mother's and that the key was
under the doormat on the porch. But
that happens every day. People seem to
labor under the delusion that burglars
operate only in the middle of the night.
I wouldn't be afraid to wager that more
house robberies take place in the afternoon
or the early evening than do at
night. This is specially true since the
ILLUSTRATED ^'ORLD 365
DON'T
Get out of bed at the first sound
and go plugging through dark hallways
in search of intruders. Wait
until you are thoroughly awake and
act cautiously.
Jerk on the lights in your bedroom
if you think burglars are at work. If
they happen to be desperate men, the
light makes you a shining target and
gives them all the advantage. Lie
still and see if you can locate them
before you act.
Forget that a noise will do more
to frighten away house-breakers than
menacing them with a pistol.
Go away for several days without
seeing that every precaution has been
taken to close and lock windows and
doors. On top of that notify the
policeman on the beat that you will
not be at home and, if you know your
neighbors, ask them to keep an eye
on the place.
Pull down all the shades in the
house if you are going to be out for
the evening. That and the closed
windows are certain information for
those spying out likely places to rob.
Believe every child that appears at
your door with a pitiful tale and who
shows a desire to come in and wander
around the place. That is a favorite
trick of burglars to get information.
Leave notes stating that you are
not at home and asking the laundryman,
the iceman, and others to come
later.
Leave the door key under the mat
on the porch or in the mailbox when
you go out. An extra key will cost
only a quarter at the most, and the
movies burglar became will not our have great such indoor an easy sport,
and entrance. a burglar can work in greater safety,
knowing the family will be gone for a
couple of hours anyhow.
After all, carelessness on the part of
householders is to blame for a great many
successful robberies. A man or woman
will carefully lock all the doors and windows
except the one in the pantry, which
has been left up so that the jelly can
cool. The coal chute in the basement
will offer another way of getting in if
the burglar doesn't mind getting a bit
dirty. I think the man who holds the
record for carelessness, so far as I am
concerned, is the chap who left his coal
(Continued on page 468)

BEATING ENGLAND AT HER
OWN GAME
The Decline and Fall of British Golf
By P. A. VAILE
Author of "Modern Golf." "The Soul of Golf." "The New Golf," Etc.
T H E United States of America has
laid forcible, if not violent, hands on
British Golf, and it looks as though
her remarkable supremacy will be maintained
for many vears. There is no sign
Gene Sarazen, Open Champion of the United States.
at the Finish of His Drive. At Right, His Remarkable
Interlocking Grip, Showing How the Shock of
Impact Falls Across the Wrist Joints in a Way in
Which They Cannot Bend
of any increase of golfing talent in the
old country, while here potential champpions
are brought to light with astonishing
frequency.
It would be an ungracious thing to
"rub it in" to the Englishman now he is
"down and out" at golf, unless there were
some good object to be served. A full
explanation of the cause of the English
downfall at a game that they had made
peculiarly their own may, in some
measure, help them to retrieve their
position.
Moreover, I consider that I have the
right to do this, for I expected it to happen
much sooner than it has, and, indeed,
pointed out in 1909 why it would happen
and who would be the main contributing
cause. On pages 149 and 150 of
"Modern Golf" will be found the following"
forecast:
"Wdien I wrote my first book on tennis
(Modern Tennis), some years ago, I
dealt exhaustively with the rotation of
the ball and its influence on the flight
and bound. The English game of tennis
is, even more than golf, a plain ball
game. For nearly a year 'rotation of the
ball' was a stock joke on English lawns.
Then some players, wdio understood it.
came along, and England lost every
championship at that game except the
ladies' doubles, and there was no outside
competition for this from the lands where
they understand 'rotation of the ball.'
"We must not have the same condition

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 367
The Gallery at the Last Hole in the Recent Open Championship, Played at Skokie, Watching the Players Come
In. In this Event American Golfers Demonstrated Conclusively Their Superiority Over the British, Who Were
Represented By the Famous Players, George Duncan, Willie Hunter and Abe Mitchell
of things in golf. I see it coming—from
America—as clearly as I did in tennis,
[from Australia, P. A. V.] unless players,
particularly amateurs, learn all they can
about the game. Unless a man has the
'brains' of the game he cannot possibly
do so well as another who executes his
strokes equally well, and who also knows
what the little flying, spinning ball can
be coaxed into doing."
There is the clear-cut prophecy.
Golfers throughout the world know tbe
result. What we are now concerned
with is the cause for America's wonderful
bound into the foremost place in
golf.
Briefly, it would scarcely be an exaggeration
to say that British golf fell because
its players, like the English tennis
players, refused to recognize the importance
of spin, or "rotation of the ball."
There are other causes, but we must consider
briefly the importance of this matter
before we pass on.
Some years ago a number of the leading
professionals of America were asked
what was the most important thing in
golf. One of them replied, in a most
graphic phrase, "grip of the ball." He
said that by "grip of the ball" he meant
hitting it fairly and truly and allowing
the club-head to go straight on after
the ball.
Unfortunately for his ideas this is the
one way in which a golfer does not get
any "grip of the ball." The real grip
of the ball in all tbe most scientific
strokes in golf is actually obtained by the
club passing across the ball and hitting
it a glancing blow, and most decidedly
not by following on truly after the ball
toward the hole.
The master-stroke in golf, the push,
analogous to the chop in lawn-tennis,
gets its invaluable backspin because the
club grips the ball as it passes downward
across the line of flight.
The slice, one of the most scientific
strokes in the game, as shown by Harry
Yardon's wonderfully controlled "fadeaway,"
gets the grip on the ball because,
at the moment of impact and adhesion,
the club is moving inwardly across the
line of flight.
The pull obtains its low flight and long
run from the upward, outward, glancing
blow of the club that gives the ball a
modified overspin.
The cut mashie approach and all approach
shots with backspin are played
by going across the ball at the moment
of impact and adhesion.
The British golfer, like the British
tennis player, has not the same "grip of
the ball" as have those who appreciate
the value of spin and know how to use

368 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Jock Hutchison Playing the Push Shot, King of the Backspin Shots. At Left, Half-Way Down to the Ball.
Note the Body Is Ahead of the Ball. At Right, the Finish. Note How Low It Is and that the Club Pcints
Toward the Hole
it. Harry Yardon once said of Chick-
Evans that it was in this respect that he
was head and shoulders above other
amateurs and, indeed, little, if any, inferior
to the professionals.
But there are other factors that helped
to work England's downfall. Some of
these were England's fault and some
were America's virtues. Probably the
greatest error of commission on the part
of English golfers has been the undue
importance they have given to long driving.
This was partially to blame for
their most serious omission, the failure
to study how to use spin of every kind.
I explained to them wdth much detail
in 1909 the great superiority of pitching
up to the hole with backspin, instead
of trusting to pitch and run. I pointed
out that the texture and consistency of
greens varied tremendously and that there
were no bunkers in the air, but it was
unavailing, and they persisted in ignoring
the fact that backspin is the kingspin
of modern golf. The consequence
is that they have not the confidence in
banging the ball up to the pin that the
man who uses backspin has, for the latter
knows that any difference in the hardness
of the place his ball lands on will
go mainly into an almost vertical bound,
while in a pitch and run a difference of
a foot one way or another may mean a
difference of ten yeards or more in the
run. The ball ma)- hit a hard patch or
pitch on a soft little piece of turf, so it
will be seen, that the safest and best shot
is, in the vast majority of cases, the pitch
to the green with pure backspin. The
English, however, have thoroughly neglected
this, while every American amateur
worthy of the name of golfer is striving
to acquire the art.
Then, again, there is the remarkable
difference in the mental attitude engendered
by the British player's lack of grip
of his ball and that engendered by those
who have it. The Englishman plays for
the green, the American goes for the pin,
and more often for the top of the pin,
than the hole. The consequence is that
many of them leave themselves very little
to do in the way of putting.
In putting the American has shown
clearly that his continued practice with
better putters has put him ahead of the
British players in this very important part
of the game. Many of the putters used
by American golfers approximate a truly
center-shafted club. Most of those that
are called center-shafted are not so. It
is beyond doubt that a center-shafted
putter is the most scientific club on the
green. The principle was well recognized
in the old St. Andrews wooden putter,
one of the most time-hallowed and
revered of clubs, whose shaft was so
warped as to put the hands and the upper
part of the shaft almost in line with the
center of the club's face. This principle
will probably ultimately be recognized.
Modern wry-neck clubs obtain the same

esult by concentrating the bend of the
shaft at the socket of the club, but these
are not considered legal on the links of
the St. Andrews Club. However, if
British golfers want to beat American
golfers, they will have to practice with
the most scientific clubs it is possible to
get and to give up tapping, stabbing or
hitting their putts.
The putt is the one stroke in golf wherein
the pull of gravity is fast enough to
justify the player in letting the club do
the work, an impossibility in the drive,
although often advised, for here gravity
is outspeeded many times. This means
that the Englishman must learn to let
his putter swing onto the ball, probably
to have a heavier one, to give it a chance
to help him, and to gauge his length more
by the length of his swing than by his
present treacherous method, which I
may perhaps call muscular memory.
There is no progress in thought in
English golf. There must be if the English
want to come back at all. Here we
are always coming up against some development
that is new and interesting.
Probably the most remarkable thing this
season is Gene Sarazen's grip. He interlocks
his left forefinger and his right
little finger and does not put his left
thumb into the palm of his right as in
the Yardon grip, but the outstanding
feature of the hold is that his right hand
is so much under the shaft and his left so
much over it, that, at the moment of
impact, the shock of the blow falls across
the flat of his wrists, even as it does in
striking a blow with an axe. Unless I
am mistaken, this grip is much superior
to the famous so-called Vardon grip and
it will be very widely used.
Now we have shown wherein the English
golfers have been amiss in developing
their technique, but the American
has not only outdone them in that. He
has had the advantage of the most wonderful
institution of its kind in the world,
The Golf and Country Club of America,
where the children go with their parents,
as they do not at the golf clubs of Eng­
land. Here the Country Club is the
center of social life. In England the
home has that place. Thus in America
the boy and girl are thrown among golfers
and golf-talk almost from infancy.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 369
It is small wonder, then, that there are
so many wonderful young players
springing up all over the country.
Moreover, there is a great increase in
the number of public links and much
encouragement is being given to young
people to play the game. Boys, particularly,
are wonderfully looked after and
I long ago gave up trying to keep track
of the various championships that are
played for by children scarcely the height
of a "full-grown" golf club.'
Is it, in the face of these circumstances,
Jesse Sweetser, the Twenty-year Old Siwanoy Star,
Who Recently Won the National Amateur Championship,
Well Represents the Marvelous Band of Youthful
Golfers Who Are Bringing American Golf to
Undreamed of Proportions and Skill
remarkable that America stands where
she does today in golf? J. H. Taylor,
the famous Mid-Surrey professional.
five times winner of the British Open, on
his recent visit to Chicago, said that
England was not producing any promising
young players and that he was not
very optimistic about England's regaining
her lost laurels.
There is another thing in England that
militates more against producing brilliant
(Continued on page 474)

Because Money Is Cheap
and Tin Foil Is Dear, a
German Candy Factory Is
Wrapping Its Chocolates in
One Mark Notes. If Marks
Ever Rise to Their Former
Value, Some People Are
Going to Collect Heavy
Dividends From a Hard
Working Sweet Tooth
370
Luther Burbank,
Who Makes Plants
Do What He
Wants Them to.
Got Even With
the Cactus Family
By Developing a
Spineless Cactus
and Then Scratching
It With His
Whiskers
A Chain, Twenty-
Five Feet Long,
Made From 78-
Inch Steel and
Used For Rerailing
Cars, Was
Pulled So Tight
Between Two Cars
That It Became
Permanently As
Rigid As an Iron
Bar
The "Teletype", a Recent
Development by the Navy
Department, Makes It Possible
to Typewrite in an
Airplane and Have Each
Letter Duplicated and Run
Off in Print at a Ground
Station Several Miles Away
(C) UNDERWOOD 4 IHDEI1WMI-

DON'T MOVE TO "SIGHTLESS
TOWN''
By H. E. PINE, Opt.D.
Instructor in Optometry. Northern Illinois College of Ophthalmology
IMAGINE, if you can, a city of one
hundred and twenty thousand inhabitants,
where every single soul is totally
blind : where doctor, lawyer, merchant,
chief, along wdth the rich man, poor man,
beggarman and thief, are all in the same
boat — sightless! Gruesome to think
about, isn't it?
America has the makings of just such
a city. There are more than one hundred
and twenty thousand totally blind people
in the United States, and many times
that number partially blind. The terrible
part of it is that more than 57 per cent
of blindness is classed as preventable, a
large portion being the result of eyestrain.
ft is encouraging to note, however.
that blindness in America has decreased
more than 20 per cent since wearing
glasses has become more common. Every
other country has a far greater percentage
of blindness, and they all show a
yearly increase. Three of every ten
Americans wear glasses. Statistics prove
that seven of each ten have enough eyestrain
to warrant the wearing of correcting
lenses. When we realize the
relation of good vision to health and
happiness, it is hard to understand why
so many people neglect their eyes until
they are permanently injured, fn the
A Ring Hanging in Front of Baby May Keep Him
Quiet, but It may Result in Cross-Eyes in Later Years
stringent laws which require that the
optometrist be a graduate of a college
or university and that he pass a state
board examination. This has resulted
in a scientifically trained body of men
who are constantly striving through
their state and national societies to advance
still further their knowledge of
refraction. The optometrist has removed
glass-fitting from its old, haphazard
state wdierein it was the custom to choose
one's own glasses from a tray in the
corner general store, and has placed the
examination of the human eye upon a
firm, scientific basis.
European recognition of America's
progress in optometry is reflected in the
first draft of American soldiers in 1917 invitation to Dr. Charles Sheard, an
bad sight caused nearly three times as American optometrist, to deliver the Sir
many rejections as any other one physical Thomas Young Oration before the Royal
defect. At the time of the draft 2,510,706 Society in London, this honor having
men were examined and 21.68 per cent been conferred upon but three scientists
were rejected because of grossly defec­ in the history of the Society. The
tive vision.
American optometrist, like the American
It is gratifying for Americans to know dentist, is highly regarded abroad, and
that it is America which has been respon­ in our colleges and universities which
sible for the birth of the new profession, teach optometry students can be found
optometry (meaning eye measuring). representing almost every country in the
To a great extent it is to this science that world. As these students graduate and
the decrease in blindness among Ameri­ return to their native lands wdth their
cans may be attributed. Optometry has modern methods of eye examination, they
reached its highest development here will become disciples of better vision. In
in its native land, its practice being many foreign countries the most primi­
governed in every state and territory by tive methods of sight testing are still in
371

372
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
These Illustrations Show How Near-sighted (left), and Far-sighted Persons (right) See the Same Objects.
Normal Sighted Person Sees Them as Shown in Center
use, and glasses are worn by the aged
only. These countries lead the world in
their percentage of blindness.
It was not until about sixty years ago
that this important subject was carefully
studied from a scientific standpoint, and
this has resulted in great advances being
made in the treatment of the eye and in
the correction of the various optical
defects by properly adjusted glasses. In
no other branch of science has such
progress been made in a like length of
time, or so much relief to suffering
humanity been given, as in the science
of optometry. Less than twenty years
ago hyperopia (far-sightedness) and
astigmatism (unequal focus) were not
recognized as the greatest factors in
causing headaches, eyestrain, blurred vision,
crossed eyes, and many serious
affections of the eyelids which can be
absolutely corrected by the proper lenses.
The strain of civilized life falls most
heavily upon the eyes, the most delicate
and the hardest worked of any organ of
the body. This is especially true of
school children, because a child's eyes
are immature; they are baby eyes until
he has reached the age of from ten to
twelve years, and too frequently he is
required to do work wliich would mean a
The
full load for mature eyes. There are
twenty-five million voung people in the
schools of America today, and we have
found by actual survey that five million
of them bave eyes which are so completely
out of focus that it is interfering with
their progress in school and preventing
the necessary preparation for life. Eye
examinations, recently conducted in the
public schools of a certain large city, disclosed
the fact that 78 per cent of the
students had defective vision.
All children should have their eyes
examined at the time of entering school.
thus preventing years of suffering from
nervous and kindred disorders which
arise from eyestrain. The importance
of eye examination as a preventative is
now recognized by optometrists all over
the civilized world.
Promotors of education are deserving
of great praise for the interest they have
taken in the matter of having the eyes
of the school children tested. But as
the school test is necessarily incomplete,
it is possible to detect'only such troubles
as are manifest, while many of those of
great importance are left undiscovered
and uncorrected. Great injustice is done
to many children by accusing them of
obstinacy, inattention, and stupidity.

when they are really the victims of defective
vision. Such children, with the
proper glasses, often become the most
clever scholars. Four-fifths of the cases
of crossed eyes are the result of hyperopia.
This great disfigurement may be
prevented, and in many cases cured, by
correcting the optical defect.
There are various causes which make
the wearing of glasses advisable. One
of the most common of these is myopia.
The word myopia is of Greek origin,
meaning to close the eye. Tbe partial
closing of the eye in order to see distinctly
is characteristic of all myopes.
They thereby concentrate the rays of
light, getting a more clearly defined
image. Myopia is known as tbe disease
of civilization, it being seldom found in
uncivilized countries, and is generally
hereditary, but it is often acquired by
young children when compelled to do
close work. All cases of myopia are
aggravated to a large extent by continuous
use of the eyes in reading by a poor
light or by other means whereby the
eye is subjected to a strain. Myopia is
always manifest. The distant vision in
myopia is blurred, while the vision for
close work, except in higher degrees of
myopia, is normal and sometimes even
more acute than in a perfect eye.
The myopic eye is too long, the distance
between the retina and the crystalline
lens being too long for the rays
of light to focus clearly on the retina,
and is corrected by neutralizing or decreasing
the strength of the crystalline
lens of the eye, artificially, by concave
lenses ground to the proper strength,
thus bringing the rays of light to focus
clearly on the retina and making distant
vision clear and distinct.
Hyperopia, unlike myopia, is generally
latent, not manifest. Hyperopia is really
malformation, the eye being too flat.
The distance between the crystalline lens
and the retina is too short for the refractive
power of the lens to form a clear
image without calling into use the ciliary
muscle and subjecting it to an unnatural
strain. It is conceded that hyperopia is
the most common and most troublesome
of refractive errors; also the most deceiving
to the one suffering from it. In
appearance the eyes are natural and the
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 373
When You See Your Youngster Reading This Fashion
You Had Better Have His Eyes Examined
distant vision may be perfect; in fact,
the symptoms generally are not manifest
in the eyes at all, the strain manifesting
itself by headaches, dizziness, nausea or
nervous irritability to such an extent
as sometimes to excite apprehension of
some serious disease of the brain.
Hyperopia is corrected by artificially
increasing the strength of the crystalline
lens of the eye with convex lenses ground
to the proper strength. This brings the
rays of light focused clearly upon the retina,
relieving the ciliary muscle and thereby
relieving headaches, which almost invariably
accompany hyperopic conditions.
When wearing glasses for the correction
of hyperopia one must not be surprised
if his distant vision is not as clear with
his glasses as without them. An abnormal
acuteness of vision generally accompanies
hyperopia. This is the reason why
so many have suffered from headaches for
years, treating them for every cause but
the right one, thinking that so much
trouble could not be due to eyestrain
without seriously affecting the vision. _
Astigmatism, another common error,
was first discovered in the year 1801 by
Thomas Young, an English scientist.
It was first corrected by cylindrical lenses

374 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
in 1827 by Professor Airy, an astronomer tween the ages of thirty-eight and forty-
at Cambridge, England. Volumes could four years.
be devoted to the explanation of astig­ A child ten years old can see small
matism and its complications with pres­ objects distinctly two or three inches
byopia, hyperopia and myopia. To those from the eyes, and at that age the range
not thoroughly familiar wdth the anatomy of vision is greater than at any other
of the eye it would be impossible to con­ time during life. A change becomes
vey a clear idea of this condition without manifest at this early age, and the range
an object lesson, as it were, with different of accommodation steadily decreases un­
lenses, charts of the eye, etc. Of all til about the fortieth year is reached,
the refractive errors of the eye, astigma­ when we begin to change the position of
tism, with its different complications, re­ our newspaper or sewdng in search of
quires the most skill and experience in the receding point of comfortable vision,
correcting.
which finally ceases to exist. Far sight
Astigmatism is also a malformation of is not a correct term for this condition.
the eye in which there is a lack of uni­ The near point is simply removed so far
formity in the curvature of the cornea from the eye that small objects are no
(the membrane coating of the eye ball), longer visible, but distant vision is not
and sometimes the crystalline lens, wdth the altered and is still normal. When there
result that rays of light derived from one has been a condition of hyperopia in
point are not brought to a single focal childhood, presbyopia is usually prema­
point, thus causing imperfect vision. ture, taking place as early as thirty years
For example, draw a line around an of age.
egg through the ends and another around The first symptom of presbyopia is a
the middle at right angles to the first. demand for brighter light and clearer
It is evident that these lines have a dif­ print, but at length, somewdiere between
ferent curvature, and that if the egg the ages of thirty-eight and forty-four,
were made of glass it would not form we are forced to admit that our eyes are
a sharp focus, as a glass sphere would at fault and we seek the aid of lenses.
do. It would have astigmatism. All A contest with age is hopeless, and it is
lenses for the correction of astigmatism wdse to yield gracefully when summoned
are ground to fit each particular eye, to surrender.
and require delicate tests to determine It is important that the proper lenses
the exact- amount of correction for each be selected. A common and serious mis­
particular meridian.
take of most people, if left to their own
Presbyopia, another common trouble, devices, is to begin with too strong a
is a natural condition due to the weak­ lens. The patient is apt to be temporarily
ening of the ciliary muscle and a harden­ pleased wdth such glasses, as they maging
of the crystalline lens which comes nify small print, making it unnaturally
with age, requiring the use of glasses clear. The purpose of glasses is not to
for reading or close work. The sight magnify, but to bring- the eye to its
remains normal for distances. Presby­ normal condition. Any power over that
opia is inevitable with all wdio live beyond amount acts as a magnifying glass and,
middle age, although there are people of although seemingly more clear and bright
fifty-five and older who boast that they for a short time, is positively injurious.
can read without glasses. They congrat­ Another absurdity is to attempt to adulate
themselves upon their sharp sight, just glasses according to the age of the
owing, as they think, to a superior patient. There are such great individual
physical condition. When their distant differences in the condition of the eyes,
vision is compared, however, with the nervous force, and occupation that must
normal standard it is invariably found to all be taken into consideration, that there
be deficient. They have had myopia all can scarcely be two parallel cases at the
their lives, but have not been aware of same age. Glasses worn for the cor­
the fact that they could not see as well rection of presbyopia should be used for
at a distance as other people. Presby­ reading and close work only. Distant
opia takes place in all normal eyes be­
{Continued on page 45SI

The Photograph Shows In a Very
Telling Manner How the Suitcase
Thief Works. Watch Your
Grip
Recently a Locomotive Was Put on a Boat and
Shipped Whole for the First Time in History. The
Practice Has Been to Knock Them Down, Ship
Them and Then Reassemble Them at the End of the
Trip. This Engine Was Being Sent to the President
of the Argentine Republic
When a Major Crime Is Committed
In Chicago, the "Jigger"
Machine Immediately Sends the
Report With Descriptions to
Every Station in the City and
Suburbs
I
4 *
l
•a.
<
L/_
r
J 4
Telephone For Noisy Factories,
Etc., Uses a Transmitter
that Picks Up Throat
Vibrations, This Is Just As
Effective As the Ordinary
Mouthpiece, and There Is
No Chance For the Outside
Noises To Get Through to
the Receiving Party

"Spore Hunting" is Latest Airplane Sport
NOW' "spore hunting" is the latest
American airplane sport. While
big game shooting, forest fire
"spotting" and criminal hunting by airplane
are now commonplaces of everyday
life, spore hunting is and will remain
strictly a scientific sport for Uncle Sam's
plant disease experts of the Office oi
Cereal Investigations of the United States
Department of Agriculture, who have
pressed the airplane into the service of
science in a nation wdde battle now being
waged against black rust, the American
grain farmers' worst enemy.
The "Spore Chaser" of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture Is Seated in the Observer's Seat with the
Spore Trap in Back of Him
Science Finds New Use for Airplane
By ERNST H. . WIECKING
This microscopic fungous parasite, it
is estimated, during the last three years
has caused grain losses in the principal
cereal states of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,
Nebraska, North Dakota, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin aggregating 148,-
731,000 bushels, valued at $202,926,180.
Wheat alone was injured to the extent of
113,247,000 bushels, valued at $184,189,-
300. Oats, barley and rye also suffered
severely. About fifty kinds of wild and
cultivated grasses are subject to attack.
In some regions of the United States
black rust is so prevalent every year that
small grains cannot be grown at all. Congress,
alarmed at tbis menace to
America's great staple agricultural product,
appropriated $350,000 for the 1922
"drive."
376
The black rust, it seems, leads a complicated
life. That's why airplanes are
needed to keep track of its baffling
maneuvers. In the spring the tiny, invisible
parasitic plant grows on the common
variety of barberry, a familiar imported
shrub which all too frequently escapes
into woods and pastures. Seed like
spores, formed in cluster cups on the
barberry leaf, are blown by the wdnd to
grasses and grains. Here, germinating in
the moisture furnished by dew or rain,
the microscopic seed develops into a tiny
plant whose rootlets penetrate into the sap
channels of the grain stalk and rob it of
the essential life-liquids which are to the
plant what blood is to the animal. In
about a week the familiar red "rust,"
from which the disease gets its common
name, appears on the grain. These minute
granules of rust are in reality, however,
but another generation of spores wdiich,
as the summer stage of the rust cycle,
blow to other grass and grain plants and
infect them directly.
But, paradoxically, the red rust of
summer becomes the black rust of winter
by another transformation in the cycle.
The black rust consists of another generation
of spores which, however, cannot
germinate at once, but lie dormant on
stubble or straw until spring. And here
comes the one catch in its career: the
winter spore can germinate, but it cannot
directly infect the grain. It must
first pass an essential part of its life history
upon the leaves of the common barberry,
where it forms the cluster cups
containing thousands of seed spores
which scatter to start the destructive
cycle over again. And only the common
variety of barberry will satisfy, it seems,
the Japanese, a near neighbor, remaining
untouched.
So, said L T ncle Sam's observing plant
disease experts, destroy the common barberry
and you will destroy the wheat
rust.
But what about these millions of summer
red rust spores floating about in the
wind, capable of directly infecting the

American farmer's grain fields ? Do they
go northward from the earlier maturing
areas of the southern states, progressively
infecting fields from south to
north ?
Here is where the airplane was pressed
into service, and while dozens of barberry
scouts combed the great grain area
of the middle west hunting the barberry,
Department of Agriculture spore chasers
scouted 10,000 miles of air currents over
nine states and at all altitudes up to
16,500 feet.
Wdth Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Fort Crook,
Nebraska, and Fort Riley, Kansas, as
bases, the states of Texas, Oklahoma,
Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska,
Iowa, and Colorado were covered in. a
7,500-mile spore hunt under a co-operative
plan of the Office of Cereal Investigations
and the United States Army Air
Service whereby the latter furnished
planes and pilots. A more recent venture
still is a 2,500-mile cruise over 48 Minnesota
counties in planes furnished and
piloted by an air squadron of the Minnesota
National Guard.
But spores are trapped, not shot, and
the fact that immeasurably important
data on the movements of these invisible
seed bodies became available for the first
time as a result of these atmospheric explorations
is due largely to the invention
of the spore trap, an ingenious contrivance
devised by Dr. E. C. Stakman,
of the Office of Cereal Investigations and
one of the world's rust authorities, in cooperation
with the engineers of the Mc-
Cook experimental flying field at Dayton,
Ohio.
By means of this cleverly designed
device fastened to the rear of the observer's
seat, ten glass microscope slides
catch ten samples of air in ten smears of
vaseline at the will of the operator. He
may expose one or five or all ten at any
time he desires and at any altitude he
wishes. Ten aluminum covers of special
design protect the delicate glass slides
until exposure is desired. And so cleverly
constructed are these covers that they
can be removed or replaced while the airplane
is jogging along at 110 miles per
hour. Never a cover nor slide was lost
by the aviators in all the 10,000-mile
pursuit of their microscopic prey.
The trap is even stream lined to in­
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 377
sure a minimum of vibration as it passes
through the air at a hundred-mile clip.
This also serves to minimize the possibility
of eddies and dead air spaces, the
elimination of which is especially important
because new air must continually
pass over the slides.
Embryonic cyclones, cloudbursts, and
even occasional crashes are liberally
sprinkled in the spore scout's daily grist
to give life and thrill to his daily routine.
As deadly to wheat as germs are to man,
these spores can be neither seen, heard,
nor felt, but must be carefully studied
under powerful microscopes in the plant
pathology laboratories of Uncle Sam's
agricultural experts who are making
Close-up View of the Spore Trap Mounted at the
Rear of the Airplane Observer's Seat
every effort known to modern science to
relieve the wheat man of his annual burden
of millions of dollars of destroyed
and injured grain.
A Gage for Measuring Dew
""THERE is a curious device to register
* the amount of dewfall. This dewgage
consists of a vacuum goblet enclosed
in a box, the top of which is level with
the rim of the goblet. Wdien exposed to
the air at night, the inside surface of the
goblet cools by radiation, and the moisture
in the air condenses on the glass.
The next morning the diameter of the
drop of water that has collected at the
bottom of the goblet is measured.

When the Sun Is Bearing Down
and Coaxing the Thermometer
To set a New Altitude Record,
It Is a Hot Job Playing Cards
Unless You Have a Celluloid
Deck To Use In the Water
The Denver and Rio Grande
Railroad Recently Purchased Ten
of the World's Largest Passenger
Locomotives For Use In the
Rocky Mountain Divisions. Each
of These Record Breakers Is
Sixteen Feet In Height, Ninety-
Five Feet In Length, and Has
a Weight, Including the Loaded
Tender, of Three Hundred and
Twenty-Two Tons
378
Lawrence B. Sperry Has Invented
a Means For Dropping the Landing
Gear From an Airplane While In
Flight and Landing the Plane on a
Pair of Skids. This Gets Rid of
Much Weight and Wind Resistance,
Makes It Possible to Land In Less
Space and Permits Landing In
Rough Places

Where Gold Is Handled Like Metal
In a Foundry
By L . W. PEDROSE
T H E government assay office at Seattle,
from the time the office was
established during the Klondike gold
rush in 1898 until July 1, 1922, has re-
Gas Furnaces in Which Samples of Gold Are Tested
ceived 68,139 gold deposits, aggregating
16,034,161 troy ounces and valued at
$274,564,803.78. Of the total receipts of
gold, Alaska produced $152,736,703.36;
Yukon Territory, $92,151,983.34; British
Columbia, $23,526,501.79, and other
sources, $6,149,615.29.
The golden tide ebbs and flows; there
are spectacular seasons when several tons
of the precious metal may be received in
a single month. Gold is merely a commodity
in this remarkable assay office and,
except for a certain cleanliness and neatness,
the workrooms differ little from
those of an ordinary foundry.
The depositor leaves his gold dust or
nuggets at the wdcker in the office. The
gold is weighed, the depositor is issued a
slip of paper with instructions to return
in three days to get Uncle Sam's check,
and he need have no further concern regarding
his deposit. So thorough are the
Weighing the Gold Bricks Preparatory to Shipping
Them to the U. S. Mint. Each Brick Weighs 700
Ounces
methods used in determining the value of
the gold that its exact worth is learned.
Every deposit is melted separately, and
each "melt" is individually assayed.
Small bricks are made into larger bricks,
weighing about seven hundred ounces,
for shipment to the mint. Before shipment
is made, samples of the larger
bricks are obtained by chipping and boring,
and these samples must check accurately
with those of the smaller bricks.
379

VANISHING FORESTS
By WILLIAM WALLACE FAIRBANKS
S E V E N T Y years ago, when the hardy
pioneers began permanent settlement
on the Pacific coast, the western
slope of the Coast Range from Santa
Cruz north to the Oregon line was one
vast forest belt. This region was the
home of the redwood and many grand
specimens of pine, sugar pine, spruce, and
fir. South of San Francisco Bay the
forests were more or less broken—open
spaces of considerable extent alternated
with the growths of trees; to the
northward, however, the forests seemed
solid and unbroken. The region was as
sparsely settled as when Cabrillo, three
hundred years before, had sailed on his
voyage of discovery along the California
coast.
ddie rugged, broken coast range zigzagged
along its course, following roughly
the irregular shore line of the Pacific.
Swinging inland it would sometimes
leave a belt of level or rolling land between
its foothills and the sea. Again,
380
some high, rugged spur would make
directly for the ocean and it would not
stop till its precipitous sides towered for
a thousand feet above the blue waters of
the Pacific. Between ridges such as
these, mountain streams would flow and
on either bank would be many acres of
richest bottom lands.
But the long period of inaction had
passed. A vast tide of emigration was
setting towards the shores of the Pacific
and the forests had to be taxed to supply
the first needs of the incoming settler.
It mattered little the character of the
Right—Another Mill Scene in
Northern California, Showing the
Mill Pond and Logs in Transit.
Note the Bare Hills in the Background
That Were Once Covered
with Dense Growth
country; the forest belt seemed limitless.
Mountain ridges, even to the edge of the
sea, were heavily timbered with redwood
and pine. In the deepest canyons the
trees grew straight and tall. The flat
stretches of table-land may have had a
growth of large timber or else were
covered with thickets of scrub pine, wdiile
on the river bottoms the largest trees were
often found.

In Some Places the Giant Redwoods Still Stand
Untouched. These Are Beautiful Spots
The homeseeker looked upon all this
with disapproval. Forests were an obstacle
in his pathway; but he chose his
location, dodging as much as possible the
heaviest growths and proceeded to cleai
the land. His dislike for trees became an
obsession.
Meantime, the country in the treeless
belt far to the south was being settled.
Los Angeles had awakened, and hundreds
of smaller towns had sprung up. San
Francisco, too, outgrew its tenting stage.
The outside world had opened its gates
and its surplus population was headed
towards the Pacific slope. The multitudes
recjuired housing and almost immediately
a hundred thousand men were in
the woods.
Saw-mills seemed to grow in every
little gulch over night. The forest belts
along the sea shore were first attacked,
as they were more readily accessible.
Schooners and small sailing craft were
the lumber carriers of the day. Temporary
landing placec were built in small
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 381
coves along the coast and a fleet of these
ships hovered constantly along the whole
of the California and Oregon coast.
The mills wdiich first began to eat away
the forests were small affairs. They
were located at the mouth of a timbered
gulch or at the bottom of a canyon where
trees grew thick upon the steep hillsides,
where the fallen timber could be rolled
or hauled by oxen direct to the mill.
\\ r ith one locality cleaned up the mill was
moved without loss of time to the next
available point and the process there repeated.
A dozen mills would thus in a
short time clear away the outer fringe of
the forest belt.
There w^as little formality as to ownership
of standing timber. It was simply
taken by millman or settler wdierever it
was found. Later, the filing of a timber
claim was a simple process which enabled
anyone to acquire certain rights to whatever
might be unclaimed. No value was
placed upon these forests as they stood.
They were so vast in extent it was
claimed the)' could never be removed.
Some Second Growth Redwoods. The Original Tree
Was Cut from the Stump in the Center. The Shoots
Growing Are Fifty Years Old and Are Eighteen
Inches in Diameter

382 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
and a lessening of their area was looked
upon with approval or indifference.
The building of the transcontinental
railroad in the sixties created a demand
for millions of cross-ties. The California
redwood supplies the best of material
for this purpose. Hundreds of "tie
camps" were put in operation along the
whole length of the northern coast and
much of the choicest timber was drawn
upon to meet the demand. From that
abandoned and later destroyed by the
forest fires that sweep the woods. Thus
much of the forests has been wasted by
this particular industry.
For fifty years lumbering on the coast
underwent the slow process of evolution.
The small, portable mills gave way to the
regular mill plants of large proportions,
which are located on the western slope of
the Coast Range, directly on the coast or
at some landing place.
In the Forest Belt of Northern California Where Dense Forests of Great Trees Are Being Slaughtered
time to the present the manufacture of As the timber line receded, railroads
the redwood cross-ties has never ceased. were built to follow the retreating forests
Trees from six to eight feet in diameter until now much of the timber lies far
are frequently used for this purpose, but back in deep gorges or at the heads of
they must be of selected timber, of narrow canyons. As the railroad cannot
straight and even grain such as will split always reach down into these, the logs
easily into the sizes required. It has al­ must be removed by intricate systems of
ways been the custom to split and hew steel cables and donkey engines to where
these ties by hand, but, because of the the logging train may receive them.
growing scarcity of suitable timber, many Some of these roads extend a distance
are now being sawed at the mills.
of thirty miles back from the mill—every
The finest and best trees in the forests rod of which may have been occupied
have been used in the making of these formerly by the forests. A lumber plant
cross-ties. The fallen tree would be of today, instead of representing an in­
sawed by hand into sections eight feet in vestment of just a few thousands, may
length, but only as far up as the lower run into as many millions, while the value
branches. The upper half—still good for of the standing timber itself has increased
much valuable lumber—would then be several hundred per cent. Thus it may

e easily understood why the product
of the forest has steadily increased in
price. The time is not so long ago when
redwood lumber of good quality was
purchased for seven dollars per thousand
feet. Quite recently material of a much
inferior grade was sold in the same
neighborhood for as high as fifty dollars
per thousand feet.
While the world's forest area grows
steadily less, a progressing civilization
demands an increased supply of wood.
This material was never used for so
many and various purposes as now. Remote
parts of the world are filling up.
Railroads are being built in Turkey and
an order comes to the Pacific coast for
one million redwood ties. Lumber has
been shipped direct for half a century to
South American ports. Cargoes are
going steadily to Australia, New Zealand,
Hawaii and other islands of the south
Pacific. Japan, conserving her own supply
at home, has for the past year or more
reached out and contracted in some instances
for the whole output of certain
sections of the Pacific coast.
There is a building boom in progress
in the eastern part of the United States.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 383
Nearly every intercoastal steamer now
sailing from the Pacific to the Atlantic,
carries from one to four million feet of
lumber.
Much is written of the new growth on
old cutover lands, but it is safe to say that
no new forests are springing up to replace
those that are gone. In the first
cutting the best was chosen and there was
left many culls—trees, small and of in­
A Scene in a Lumber Country. The Many Logs Close Together on the Ground Are Mute
Evidence That Many Trees Grew Close Together in a Majestic Forest
ferior quality. Later the ground was
again gone over and the best of these
culls converted into lumber. In man)
instances the same ground has had a
third or fourth skimming. A train load
of logs made up of these culls will show
timber small, crooked, decayed and full
of knots, blackened and scarred by successive
forest fires, material that no selfrespecting
millman would have considered
a few years back. After this final skimming
the few scattered remnants may be
cut for fuel or made by hand into pickets
or posts.
Much of this land, cut over half a century
ago, now shows but little new growth
that has any commercial value. The redwood
will send up "suckers" or new
(Continued on Page 452)

384
This Miniature Railway
Isn't a Child's
Toy, But Is of Practical
Use on the
Grounds of a Large
Estate at Fishkill,
New York. It Is Two
Miles Long and Runs
Through the Whole
Estate. Ashes Are
Easily Taken From
the Furnace to About
a Mile From the House
and Potatoes Are Run
Right From the Garden
Into the Cellar
Here's an Infant
Prodigy Who Really
Is an Infant. Paul
B. Humphrey Is Six
Months Old and a
Marvel of Physical
Development
Good Bye. Lumber
Jacks, It Looks As
Though Your Job
Was Done. This
Gasoline Motored Saw
Was Recently Tried
Out in Central Park,
New York City, and
It Went Through a
Tree Fifty-Six Inches
Around in Twenty
Minutes

HOUSEKEEPING IN A
GREAT ZOO
Just What It Means to Manage a Vast Establishment
Inhabited by Over Five Thousand Creatures, Varying
in Size from Marmosets to Elephants and in Disposition
from Peaceful Doves to Man-Eating Tigers
By P. H A R V E Y M I D D L E T O N
O N E thousand animals ranging in
size from marmosets to elephants,
three thousand birds varying in
disposition from the peaceful dove to the
sheep-killing Australian kea, two thousand
reptiles wdth diverse shades of amiability—all
with ravenous appetites, requiring
a bewildering variety of diets,
and subject to all the diseases known to
man—make up the housekeeping problem
which confronts the director of a
great zoo every morning. As a matter
of ordinary routine he must provide live
snakes for the cobra, lettuce for the
hippo, tomatoes for the polar bear, rabbits
for the boa-constrictor, tree bark for
the angora goat, horsemeat for the tiger,
oatmeal and oil mash for the camel,
onions for the monkey, clover hay
sprinkled wdth cornmeal for the buffalo,
carrots for the rhinoceros, and so on.
Eighty-five different kinds of food must
be served daily! Small wonder that the
food bill of a large zoo like
that in Bronx Park, New
York, runs to about $40,000
a year.
It is a little difficult to
decide which is the principal
task of the zoo manager—feeding
the animals,
or nursing them ! Every
great zoo has its staff of
doctors, who must be pre-
A Snow Leopard From
the Himalaya Mountains
All Set for a Spring
pared at any moment to treat a wide variety
of complaints. Every kind of bird,
beast and reptile has the advantage of the
best medical treatment and nursing in the
South American Macaw
event of illness, and there is an operatingtheater
where even the poorest monkey
may be operated on for appendicitis or a
hastily swallowed thimble.
"You can take it from me that it's no
joke having to handle a sick boa-constrictor
or python," said a keeper in the
Bronx Zoo, New York. "They are far
more dangerous to a doctor than the
smaller poisonous snakes, for the latter
can be held down by means of a forked
stick ; but handling a thirty-foot serpent
calls for the services of a dozen or more
men. It is necessary to keep the reptile
quite taut, so that he has no chance of
385

386 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
getting you in his deadly folds; for
should he succeed, he would very soon
crush the life out of you. I had a narrow
escape last year when we were holding
a big python for the doctor to examine.
I was the tail-end man, wdien the snake
suddenly managed to get a coil around
my arm. Luckily two extra keepers
w r ere near, who came to my assistance,
but I thought the bone would be crushed
before they were able to free me."
Snakes frequently suffer from toothache,
and those of the poisonous variety
contract abscesses in their heads wdiich
have to be lanced. When the virulent
nature of some of the poisons is taken
into consideration, it is a great tribute to
the skill and care exercised that mishaps
are practically unknown.
The large snakes occasionally cause
their keepers considerable anxiety by refusing
to eat. There was, for instance,
a regal python, captured on the Malay
Peninsula, wdiich refused to eat for fourteen
months. The snake had to be fed
at intervals of about ten days with two
freshly killed Belgian hares, which were
sewn together with heavy twine and
pushed ten feet down her throat with a
bamboo pole while the snake was held by
twelve keepers. Between times, everything
known on the menu of a python
was offered, but she stubbornly refused
the food. Then one day a freshly killed
pig, weighing thirty-five pounds, was
offered to her, and she quickly absorbed
it. Since then there has been no further
trouble with the python's appetite.
Elephants, in spite of their bulk, are
somewhat delicate, and suffer from colic
when first coming from the tropics.
I luge mustard plasters and thick blankets
have to be roped on to the sufferers, and
large doses of gin and ginger are also
administered. Very often, however, an
elephant will acquire a distinct taste for
the latter treatment, and will often feign
illness to obtain his "dope."
Every ounce of food is carefully prepared
and weighed in a modern hygienic
kitchen equipped with all the appliances
of a modern hotel. A skilled chef prepares
and sends out daily 850 pounds of
beef, 750 pounds of fish, 350 loaves of
bread, and 150 heads of lettuce. A considerable
quantity of meat is fed raw—
especially to the lions and tigers, bears
and wolves. Potatoes are usually boiled
in their peels and served whole to the
animals.
New York undoubtedly possesses in
her zoological gardens at Bronx Park the
most marvelous array of wild life remaining
in this civilized and gun-ridden
world. Certainly nowhere else in this
The Secretary Vultures From Africa Favor Snakes
As an Appetizing Diet

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 387
hf
The Hippopotamus Stays In the Water Most of the Time But Can Always Be Relied on to Come
Out When Dinner Is Ready
country could be found a situation moreideal
than the majestic primeval forest
in the northern borough of the city.
Great credit is due to Director William
T. Hornaday, who has devoted the best
years of his life to studying the manners
and habits of wild creatures.
The Zoological Garden of Philadelphia
is a very close second. It contains 611
mammals, 1,522 birds, 1,070 reptiles and
67 amphibians. Some idea of the variety
of the collection may be gathered from
the fact that the births in the Garden in
Tbe Lemur From India Is Rarely Seen In Animal
Collections
1922 included: Indian buffalo, American
bison, Indian antelopes, Himalayan
wdld goats, llamas, aoudads, Japanese
sika deer, a hippopotamus, pumas, to say
nothing of such smaller trifles as waltzing
mice, pig-tailed macaques, zebratailed
lizards, and black-handed spider
The New Zealand
Kea Is a
Meat-Eater
monkeys.
It can be
readily understood
that preventingexcessive
mortality
among these
thousands of
foreign creatures
is a problem
which taxes
human ingenuity
and science, and
the extent to
which this hazard
can be combated
spells the
success or failure of a zoological organization.
A mere glance at the report of the
Laboratory of Comparative Pathology
of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia
reveals the complicated task of the zoo
specialists. Some of the cases treated in
1922 were: acute gastritis, giraffe;

388
The Ten Thousand Dollar Nubian Giraffe and His
Costly Mate
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
heaves, zebra; pneumonia, leopard ; degenerative
bone disease, monkeys; typhoid,
parrots; tumor, Eskimo dog;
septicemia, tapir; influenza, ant eater.
Philadelphia has the finest collection of
foreign birds in America. One of the
most important tenants of the aviary is
the Bell Bird from Brazil, who from
morning until dusk plays his own original
accompaniment to the "Anvil Chorus."
Under favorable conditions these metallic
bell-like notes can be heard distinctly in
all parts of the garden. But probably the
strangest of all the birds is the kea. a parrot
from New Zealand. The kea is about
the size of a large chicken hawk, sea
green in color, with a streak of red under
the wings. With the colonization of
New Zealand and the subsequent introduction
of sheep raising, this parrot developed
a penchant for kidney fat and in
pursuit of its favorite delicacy killed
thousands of sheep yearly.
Another interesting feature of the collection
is the satin bower bird from
Australia, whose strange habits were first
described by the great ornithologist,
Gould. Wdth these birds there is quite
a reversal of connubial form, for the
male bird builds the nest with little assistance
from the female, whose chief
duty seems to be in forming an admiring
audience. The nest is a kind of archway,
or bower, built upon a platform of twigs,
interlaced at the top. There are various
attractive objects scattered about —
gaily-colored stones, bleached bones, and
white pebbles. Within this setting the
male performs most amorous gyrations,
apparently thrilling madame wdth his
beauty and accomplishments.
The red-sided ecletus is a bird which.
apparently has also felt the influence of
the suffrage victory, for the male sits
upon the eggs, and the female goes visiting.
The weaver bird must be constantly
provided with raffia and strings so that
they may occupy their time knitting baskets
for their babies. The butcher birds
have a curious habit of killing their prey
and hanging it up until they want to feast.
The boat-built heron from South America
is a lively inmate whose name was
suggested by his comical shape. He is a
sort of practical joker with a fondness for
scaring the small birds of the "family"
by rushing upon them with his big
mouth distended to its elastic limits.
However, he has never been known to
harm the victims of his mistaken humor.
The Kangaroo Looks Strangely Human When He
Assumes a Sitting Posture
Several times a day a visitor hurries to
the keeper with the sad information that
one of the prettiest birds has run again.t
a wire's end, and is bleeding to death
(Continued on page 454)

No More Floods in the Miami Valley
By EMERSON ROBINSON
Scene in Dayton Immediately After the Flood of 1913
B Y the end of the year, something like
half a million people residing in the
Miami Valley, in the Western part
of Ohio, may go to bed assured that there
will be no more floods like that of 1913,
wdiich suddenly swooped down upon
them, killed several hundred of their
friends and neighbors and washed out
property worth a hundred million or
more. They can do so now, but not of­
ficially, for the Miami Conservancy
project will not be stamped "Finished"
for some time. But there's only the loose
ends to take care of now.
The five retarding basins which will
store enough water to make a disastrous
flood are completed. This capacity, by
the way, would cover one acre and be
sixteen miles high. Channel improvements
at Hamilton, Middletown, Miamis-
389

.390
burg, Franklin, Dayton, Piqua and Troy
are all but completed. These improvements
include deepening, straightening
and widening of the channel, the banks
in many places being fortified wdth concrete
revetment blocks. The concrete
used in the work alone would make a
road sixteen feet wdde and nearly two
hundred miles long and the dirt moved.
if placed in ordinary dump wagons far
enough apart to permit the horses to
walk, would make a string of teams and
mmmu wmmmMtsWOUUawmm
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Working at the Dams
The Concrete Used in
the Work Would
Make a Road Sixteen
Feet Wide and Nearly
Two Hundred Miles
Long
wagons long enough to circle the globe
six times. Twice the number of horses
and mules in America would have to be
mobilized if this circling was really to be
done.
The job, actually begun in the spring of
1918, has included the removal of one
village, the relocation of fifty-five miles
of railroad track, the building of five
villages and the purchase and subsequent
disposal, with the work finished, of engines,
draglines, and endless other equip-
The Huffman Retarding Basin Above Dayton. Note the Vast Amount of Water That It Is Possible for the
Dam to Hold in Check

ment and material which was rendered
useless at the completion of the work.
Each of the dams is twenty-five feet
wide at the apex and from three hundred
eighty to seven hundred eighty-five feet
at the base. Their length is from one
thousand two hundred to six thousand
four hundred feet, and their height from
seventy-three to one hundred twenty-five
feet.
The total cost will not exceed thirtyfour
million dollars and it is assessed
against the property damaged in the flood
of 1913 and the cities then affected. The
maintenance charge will not exceed
one hundred fifty thousand dollars a year,
it is said.
An Unintentional Record for
Large Sized Batteries
HTHE Atlantic Ocean, combined with a
power yacht launched in New England,
has made a record in size for electric
batteries. The electricity generated
by this battery did not harm anybody, but
the yacht, which cost several hundred
thousand dollars, was on the scrap-heap
in five months.
There was no intention to try out a new
idea in yacht construction. However, the
essentials for an electric battery were presented
and nature started in to treat the
combination as a battery from the very
moment of the launching.
Two different metals in a solution of
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 391
chemicals is the simplest form of a
galvanic cell and there are many combinations
of metals and solutions that will
do the work. In operation one of the
metals will be eaten away rapidly, and an
electric current starts. In this case the
hull of the yacht was made of two metals
that would serve for battery elements and
the salt water made a satisfactory chemical
solution.
The owner of the yacht had planned a
long cruise to seas where it might be impossible
to find facilities for cleaning the
ship's bottom of marine growths ; so the
bottom was designed to resist the accumulation
of those growths. An alloy
of nickel and copper was selected and the
bottom of the ship was made of plates
from this metal. The rudder frame and
some other parts under water were made
of steel, and by mistake a few steel rivets
were used in the plates. Thus the alloy
and the steel parts supplied the necessary
elements for a battery.
It was suspected that some trouble
might arise from the combination, but
a few experiments did not show the
danger. Accordingly; the yacht was
completed and launched. One day a fewweeks
later a stream of water shot into
the ship through a hole where a rivet had
been. A new steel rivet was put in and
in a few weeks this was also eaten away.
Later, in dry dock, it was discovered that
all the steel parts under water were more
or less destroyed.

% * .
Jutting from the Side of the Mountain Stands This
Huge Stone Polar Bear
IF the question were asked, "Which is
the world's greatest art gallery?" all
the big cities of the globe would lift
up their hands in horror and say, "What
a question to ask when all the world
knows that it is the one we own."
New York's Metropolitan Museum.
the Corcoran Gallery at Washington,
Memorial Hall in Philadelphia, and a
few others in this country would be immediately
suggested for that honor, wdiile
most every large city in Europe would
laugh at the presumption of a new world
city trying to take the palm from them.
The Vatican Museum, with its vast collection
of antiquities, and the Athens
Museum, besides those at Naples, Paris,
London, Berlin, Vienna, all have more or
less valid reasons for claiming this distinction.
Probably, too, the Bolshevik
who have made all artistic collections
public property and have rounded up the
prides of the aristocrats and capitalists
of old Russia will call it a conspiracy of
the capitalistic world if their right to this
honor is denied them. Another claimant
is the Cairo Museum which, after permitting
the cities of the West to take
what they wished of its antiquities, admittedly
the most valuable in the world,
awoke to the fact that it was losing
an artistic heritage as valuable as the
political privileges it was striving for and,
392
NATURE'S OWN
In the Rocky Mountains the Most
World Exists, a Collection of Stone
Nature Through the Process of
Human and Animal, That Are
Scenic Effects
By G E O R G E
turning right around, in .the last twenty
years has assembled a collection that is
regarded as the greatest, as far as Egyptian
art is concerned, in the world.
America, Europe and Africa have thus
been heard from and there will probably
be a cry from the Far East that injustice
is being done in that direction. If, as
many critics believe, China's artists are
far more advanced than our own, then
the greatest collection of the art of the
Flowery Kingdom wdll deserve to be
entered in this race for credit as the
world's most important art gallery.
Yet it is none of all these great museums
mentioned which win the honor.
The most remarkable art gallery in the
world is in the New World.
Its remarkable features are such that
no conventional art gallery can possibly
rival it. It is the greatest in point of
size alone, for it is about four thousand
Many Sculptors Might Well Envy Nature's Likeness
of Lincoln Carved on a High Cliff

ART GALLERY
Extraordinary Art Gallery in the
Sculptures Carved and Moulded by
Erosion, into Lifelike Figures,
Among the Most Astounding
in Existence
S . A R T E LL
miles long and hundreds of miles, in
various places, in breadth. The greatest
art gallery in the world is the vast Rocky
Mountain system, stretching all the way
along the United States and into Canada.
For paintings it has the mirages which
are peculiar to this wonder range alone.
It is impossible to catch any of them by
photograph, for they are an unexplainable
miracle of colors, and no artists have yet
found the inspired moment when they
could recapture the glory of a Rocky
Mountain mirage. They have had terrible
histories, these mirages. Painted in
evanescent and shifting colors upon the
enormous sides of the ridges for a canvas,
they have seemed so realistic that
over and over again they have deluded
men who have indulged their dreams and
thought them realities, as limned on these
enchanted rocks. It was these that lured
The Extraordinary Impression Left by This Pair of
Stone Owls Is Well Expressed in Their Name "Sermons
in Stone"
Clear Creek Canyon. Colorado, Boasts What Is Said to
Be the Most Natural Stone Sculpture in the World
the Spanish explorer, Coronado, to the
supposed Golden Cities, wdth towers and
pinnacles of wonder, leading him upon
that strange, romantic expedition into the
deserts of Arizona that ended in tragedy
and they have deluded others with their
siren-like beauty.
But more remarkable than its paintings,
and even than the natural antiquities,
the fossils, embedded in its singular
mountain system, are its sculptures.
Other places have some figures sculptured
by the hands of nature, but in no
other part of the world are they so
strangely numerous, so varied, so perfect
and amazingly realistic, or so active.
For while in other mountain systems
the work is over and the mountain's
images are fixed from centuries ago, in
the Rockies, Nature still keeps her studio
open and continues to carve and mould
figures of wonder out of the stone masses.
For the poet's phrase, "eternal mountains,"
isn't right at all, according to
geologists. Mountains, like anything else
in this world of ours, have a definite life
span, and by their methods of examining
the heights, geologists have ascertained
that the ranges of the Rockies are in the
nursery class of mountains, being the
youngest chain in the world.
Steadily for centuries and ages, while
the geysers begin to cool off and the lawn
393

394 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
This Stone Statue Is Now Called "Jumbo" in Memory
of That Most Famous of Circus Elephants
which forms a good part of the territory
of our West is conquered by vegetation,
the artistry of Nature goes on. Using
rivers for her chisels and wdnds for her
files and polishers she is busily making
her sculptures, the grandest, most stupendous,
most unique that the world
knows. The whole process is called
erosion, and it includes almost every
force of nature, for all forces are ceaselessly
doing their bit in the constant
changes, building up and breaking down,
that is called life. In this process nature
is tireless. Plain people call it "weathering."
As the many rocks of our immense
western ranges are attacked by the
courses of rivers, the fall of rain, the
scrape of sand violently blown over them
by windstorms and hollowed out into
queer cavities by the whirling around of
sand particles, the rock is slowly worn
into new shapes.
Much of the action, however, is not
physical. The great veins of stone break
down not only because of the action of
air and water but because of the chemicals
carried in water and in the vapors
of the air. The acids and gases manufactured
in the vast laboratories of Nature
produce the chemicals that work
the remarkable changes in the aspects of
the surface of the earth.
There is one part of the country in
which more than anywdiere else the examples
of nature's sculptures can be
found. This is right in the center of the
Rocky Mountain system and might be
called the main hall of the art gallery.
Wings from it stretch north and south
and notable examples of rock faces, as
they are called, are found there.
By far the most remarkable of all
these curious monuments is the pyramid
called Dinosaur Mountain, only a few
miles out of the city of Denver, which
has become a greater attraction, at present,
than lofty Pike's Peak. The mountain
is practically a perfect pyramid. So
regular are its contours that many were
convinced that the hand of man had
wrought it in some wonderful effort of
human labor, the records of which are
lost. The dimensions far exceed those
of the pyramid of Cheops, of course,
Nature having done the job. But the
adherents of the theory are still convinced
that it was the work of an ancient
remarkable race. They point to the fact
that much of prehistoric American art,
like that of the Maya Indians, has a remarkable
resemblance to the art of Egypt.
Mother Nature Got Out Her Tools and Did a Better
Job of Making a Sphinx than the Egyptians Did
If on this continent there are temples and
carvings and statues closely similar to the
type of those along the Nile, why is it not
(Continued on page 462)

-,-•' W -
5$e** : >Y:.-?-< ''l;x
Fishing at the Entrance of Yellowstone
National Park, These Three Youngsters
Proved Time and Time Again This
Summer that Successful Fishing Doesn't
Have to Be Done With an Expensive
Rod or a Glittering Reel
Hand In Hand With Hair Waves Go
the Air Waves. This London Beauty
Shop Has a Radio Receiver to Give
the Ladies Some Diversion While They
Are Getting Their Permanent (Once a
Week) Wave
"S) iEYSTOMt
•(J) _ PI 01* WOOD k UX-EKWOOC
The Paleontologists Are Busy
"Mining" the Hogback, in Colorado
for Playmates of the Atlantosaurus,
Whose Bones Were Recently
Found Buried in the
Mound. It Is Believed That
Much Will Be Learned About
Prehistoric Animal Life from
This Investigation
Socrates Karakiz,
Chicago, Has Invented a
Means for Transmitting
Photographs, Maps,
Handwriting, Etc., By
Telephone, Telegraph or Radio. He Uses a
Three-Number Series Arranged on Two Semicircles,
Thus Locating Any Desired Point By
Telling the Number to the Receiving Operator.
Outlines. Shading, Etc., Are Easily
ndicated By a Series of Such Numbers
395

MASONS' MEMORIAL TO
WASHINGTON
By HAMILTON M. WRIGHT
George Washington Masonic National Memorial To
Be Erected at Alexandria, Virginia. Its Form Is
Inspired by the Great Towers Built by the Ancient
Greeks and Romans at Harbor Entrances to Guide
Mariners
THE Masonic Orders of the U. S.
have accepted plans for a magnificent
memorial edifice to be constructed in
memory of George Washington, at Alexandria,
Ya., the home of the Alexandria-
Washington Lodge No. 22 A. F. and
A. M., to which he belonged.
After Washington's death, numerous
relics, many of which have been associated
with his Masonic life, passed into
the possession of Alexandria-Washington
Lodge. One such was the Masonic apron
worn by the General when Master of this
lodge and at the laying of the cornerstone
of the Nation's Capitol. These
memorabilia were carefully treasured by
the Lodge and constituted one of the important
nuclei which helped to keep alive
many intimate anecdotes of the life of
the great administrator.
396
A disastrous fire, however, occurred in
May 1871, in which were lost many valu-

The Design of the
Actual Memorial of
George Washington—
the Statue in the Central
Hall
PHOTOS (f) 5E0*-_ v.»iHi
ISOSit Ml.OKIl UEUMUl AS
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 397
able relics associated wdth the General's vandalism of the memento hunter, and
public career, with his contacts with no­ personal supervision was necessary. In
table men of the day, and with his family 1919, the City Council of Alexandria set
life.
apart the entire third story of the West
But the loss would have been far wing of the City Hall for the Alexandriagreater
had it not been for the heroic Washington Lodge Museum.
fight waged against the flames by the fire More than twelve years ago the senti­
department and the Masons who rushed ment surrounding the preservation of
to the scene. As a result many relics these memorabilia and arising from the
were saved or salvaged. Indeed, the col­ peculiarly intimate nature of the tradilection
had become venerated throughout tions of Washington in this region where
the nation. Although Alexandria came he had passed his life were crystallized
constantly into possession of the Con­ in the desire for a permanent memorial.
federate forces during the Civil War, no The movement was started by the
article was destroyed or even removed Alexandria-Washington Lodge. It was
from its familiar place in the collection. taken up by the Masonic fraternity of
For forty years thereafter the collec­ the country, and a national association,
tion was closed to the public. But, finally, known as the George Washington Ma­
in 1907, after communication with Alexsonic National Memorial Association, was
andria had been improved and the quaint formed.
old city was visited by thousands, the dis­ The enthusiasm with which the moveplay
was placed under the custody of a ment has been received, and the solicitous
member of the Lodge and thrown open care with which the plans for the Me­
to the public. Even these priceless relics morial have been perfected give assurance
had not at all times been free from the that in the historic community of Alex-

398 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
An Airplane View of the George Washington Masonic National
Memorial As It Will Look When Completed, Showing the Seven
Successive Receding Terraces, the Massive Landscaped Base On
Which the Memorial Will Rise, and the Memorial Edifice Itself
andria, rich wdth the most intimate associations
of Washington, the Masonic
Orders will erect for the benefit of posterity
a Memorial worthy of the reverence
with which Washington is held, of the
hallowed traditions of a century gone,
and of the fond memories which gather
around him and his neighbors. This noteworthy
purpose will be evidenced hi many
ways.
The George Washington Masonic
National Memorial is primarily a memorial
to George Washington, the Man and
the Alason. Its form is inspired by the
great towers built in the ancient days of
Greece and Rome to mark the entrances
to the harbors and from whose summits
ever burning flares that could be seen for
miles at sea guided the mariner on his
way. The lofty tower of the Memorial
scheme.
covered
represents the guiding spirit of
Washington in statesmanship, exemplified
in his revered precepts
wdiich for generations have furnished
a light by which the Ship
Of State ma)' direct its course.
The Memorial will be set upon
the commanding Arlington
Ridge, rising two hundred feet
above its surrounding pediments.
It will be in plain view of Washington,
D. C, and will be passed
by all who travel between the
city of Washington and George
Washington's old home at Mount
Vernon. The edifice itself wdll
be surrounded by a series of
artistically planted landscapes.
and will be reached by broad
walks and stone steps ascending
through seven successive terraces.
From the topmost colonnaded
tower of the Memorial visitors
will view, over an expanse of
many miles, the region in which
the immortal Washington passed
a great part of his life.
The dimensions of the edifice
will be one hundred and sixty
feet in width and two hundred
and thirty feet in depth. This is
exclusive of the steps, terraces
and approaches which will surround
it, but which from afar
will be seen as a part of a stately
and beautiful architectural
Its height to the summit of the
observation platform crowning
the tower will be two hundred feet.
The very heart and center of the building
will be a great atrium, seventy feet
wide and one hundred feet deep, which
will form the Memorial hall, in an arched
recess of which will be set the Memorial
itself, an imposing statue of George
Washington. This spacious hall wdll rise
to a height of sixty-four feet, ascending
as a clerestory above the surrounding portion
of the building. The hall will be
flanked by great Ionic columns forty feet
high and surrounded by a number of
rooms devoted to Masonic interests.
Clerestoried windows, above the rooms
surrounding the great hall, will permit
natural lighting in the hall.
(Continuedon page453)

THE FIRST TRIP AROUND THE
WORLD
By J. B. LOCKWOOD
Magellan's Fleet Setting Sail from Seville in 1519.
(From a Rare Old Print). Ferdinando Magellan
(Right)
THE four hundredth anniversary of
the circumnavigation of the earth,
is being celebrated this year.
It comes at a peculiarly apt time, when
the same feat is being attempted in the
air. While we are wondering how these
great aviators fare, it is possible to remember
the feat which, in point of sheer
hardship and adventure, imagination and
undaunted bravery, surpassed the greatest
efforts of navigation and equalled
even the great design of Columbus.
Curiously enough this deed is perhaps the
only one in the annals of discovery that
stands entirely unchallenged.
Since the days of Columbus there have
been many reports of previous discoveries
of America. It is claimed that the
Norsemen discovered it, and ruins and
remains on the northeastern coast of
Canada, as well as the tradition of Vineland,
indicate their presence. And even
before that, there is evidence that from
the Arctic, northwestern tip of Asia.
Mongol adventurers had discovered the
•a- >>»_/ f >--^e'~ v -
J\ IW^xW _
'-'ilvM\ ORM' iK • V J §\_ -~*dP'XW .
/ H -' 7lvJ fe ^M-ji i i i 1'
new continent. Still earlier, if we can
credit tradition, ancient races had discovered
it under the name of Atlantis.
We have learned by experience to have
399

400 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
~y *^|Sx-v ? j
K 133
_M^H?__
tJ~riJ"P^BT^X^-I•. -,-*-_ -—t^ *-"*£
• ___, a» .. I'vf.. J/J_w_^-J
.V,i>H_...V *.ul52t
Map Showing the Route Taken by Magellan's Fleet in the First Trip Around the World
faith in myths and it is possible that even
as far back as in those ancient times
Columbus was anticipated. The glow of
Columbus' achievement is not affected,
however, since none of these earlier discoveries
gave the new world to civilization,
as did his.
In another case, that of Vasco da
Gama, who is supposed to have been the
first to double the coast of Africa and
sail to the East, there is good evidence
that an Egyptian navigator called Necho
had performed the feat before him.
So, while practically all the famous
achievements of navigation are in question,
only the circumnavigation of the
world stands undisputed. There was no
circumnavigator before Magellan in history,
not even in fable, to question his
laurels.
The mistress of the sea then was not
England, but little Portugal. Not only
was this country at the sea-door of Spain
the greatest maritime power, but it was
also the richest nation in the world. These
distinctions had come through the efforts
of her king, the famous Prince Henry,
who had sent out expedition after
expedition and by their means had not
only brought about great discoveries, but
had come into control of the islands near
Africa and of many of the East Indies
and had won the rich trade in spices and
luxuries wdth the Orient, which was the
commercial gold mine of the past. Under
his reign the known world increased
enormously. The sea leadership passed
definitely from the Italian cities to Portugal,
and parts of Africa went under the
Portuguese flag and the myth that life
did not exist below the equator was dispelled.
For three reigns after the famous navigator,
Prince Henry. Portugal remained
in the role of maritime leader of the
world. Yet in a remarkable way this
little nation, so eager to win glory on the
sea, gave up two of her greatest opportunities.
One was wdien Columbus, despairing
of aid from Genoa and other
Italian cities, came to Portugal only to
be refused and to find the help he needed
in Spain, where a seafaring ambition had
taken root out of jealousy of the successful
little neighbor to the west. Another
was when they permitted Magellan to
leave the country and seek support elsewhere
for his project of circumnavigating
the globe. Magellan did this because
the Portuguese monarch had refused to
aid him in this venture which he had first
broached to his native government.
Strangely enough, when afterwards he
had won such a brilliant success, the possessions
and the title of his family were
ordered to be confiscated because of the
so-called treachery of Magellan in being
more faithful to his science than to his
monarch's prejudices. It is a curious
fact that in their deep devotion to
their undertakings the great explorers of
the past often changed their citizenship to

secure the aid they needed. Columbus
became a Spaniard and he would have
become a Frenchman, a Portuguese, or
an Englishman if any one of these nations
had shown a willingness to promote his
undertaking. Most of the explorers, the
Cabots for England, Verrazano for
France, belonged to other nations. Discovery,
like art, was international, and
being in the service of humanity, the
great sailors did not bother with boundaries
and frontiers.
Ferdinando Magellan was born about
1480, not near the sea but in the heart of
the Portuguese mountain regions, a member
of the sturdy and determined hill
people. To this fact his persevering qualities
have been ascribed. Being a member
of the nobility in those days meant entering
the government service. This in
turn meant service either in new expeditions
into unknown quarters or duty in
the Portuguese colonies. Magellan eventually
found himself sailing the ocean at
the beginning of a career which was to
make him one of the greatest navigators
of the world.
After some minor experiences, he
joined a great expedition which was then
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 401
being fitted out for a voyage to India.
Portugal then was disputing the possession
of this vast land with the Arabs. In
this expedition, where he distinguished
himself for valor and wisdom, he was
the first to discover Malacca.
Following his service in India, he was
sent to North Africa which was then held
by the Portuguese as was nearly all of
Africa in communication with European
civilization. Here occurred the incident
which made him unpopular at the court.
Unlike the other Portuguese commanders
who permitted outrages upon the natives
which the soldiers considered their right
as one of the rewards of service, Magellan
kept a strong hand over his men. As
a result he was disliked and a conspiracy
This Old Print Depicts What the Survivors of the Magellan Expedition Thought of Their
Passage Through the Straits of Magellan; the Dangers of Which Were Pictured as Sea Monsters
and Spirits of the Wind
was concocted against him accusing him
of selling army stores to the tribesmen
of Morocco. Without waiting for the
permission of his higher officers, Magellan,
in a fury of indignation, set out to
Lisbon to answer the accusation before
the royal court itself. Instead of being
heard, he was reprimanded by the king
for insubordination and taken to Africa
to answer the charges there. But so
(Continued on page 464)

Sea Horses Are Found Around the Northern Atlantic
Shores, but Attain Their Largest Size in Tropical
Waters
Strange Creatures
By EVERETT
of phosphorescent organs produce a light
which guides them into the dark fathomless
regions in which they reside; the
electric rays and eels have real batteries
concealed within themselves by which
they communicate deadly shocks to their
prey, and the fliers, with their wing-like
fins, soar high and far above the surface
of their element to elude their foes. This
array of curious types might be continued
endlessly. Even yet there are still many
forms unknown to science.
Some of these queer fishes have been
taken by means of various mechanical
contrivances at a depth of twenty-four
hundred fathoms, in mid-Atlantic. As
there are six feet to the fathom, it means
that some specimens . were taken from
more than three miles down in the sea.
Many of the fish never approach to
within many miles of the shore. The
deeper into the ocean their habitats ex­
P R O B A B L Y not many boys who
spent their summer vacation in
fishing, ever gave a thought to the
queer and extraordinary forms of fish
life that exist in the depths of the sea. in
the underground rivers and caverns, indeed
even in the fresh-water lakes and
rivers.
One stands aghast at the remarkable
variety of nature's forms. Imagination
strains itself in attempting to follow her
vagaries of expression shown in the development
of odd physical growths which
are most efficient aids in solving the
problem of fish existence.
For instance, the angler fishes, a deepsea
variety, are able to seize their prey by
ruse instead of force by means of unique
little fishing lines attached to their own
bodies; the sucking fishes have their backfin
modified into a powerful sucker by
which they can fasten themselves to the
bottoms of ships or to big sea animals tend the more do the species differ in
and solve the problem of transportation; every way from the regular forms.
the lantern fishes carry their own lighting Often the more delicate forms from
system within their bodies and by means the great depths go all to pieces wdien
402

of Deep Waters
SPRING
wnBtaWaWKmmmaammmaaimmBaaamammmmKmammamma^mam
brought to the surface, owdng to the absence
of pressure and other conditions
under which they lived in their watery
homes. In some the eyes are so small
that even experts have overlooked them.
while in other species the eyes are huge
in proportion to their other dimensions.
Various others can swallow fish three
times as large as themselves and specimens
have been taken with such victims
within them. They are as grotesque
creatures as can be imagined and the
waters of the United States provide innumerable
varieties.
The trunkfish is an extraordinary creature
of the deep which is found most
abundantly in the region of the West
Indies. Its body is encased in a bony,
impenetrable skin, no part of which it
can move. Its very peculiar locomotion
is accomplished exclusively by its fins.
The porcupine fish is another species
well fortified against enemies. Its body
is armed wdth sharp thorns, forming a
complete coat of mail. It is, indeed, the
counterpart in appearance, when aroused.
of the terrestrial fellow for wdiich it is
named.
Many Tropical Fishes Are Called Butterfly Fish Because
of Their Brilliant Colors. They Usually Travel
in Large Groups
f
Above—The Skate Is a Flat, Thin Fish That Can
Change Color and Look Like the Bottom of the
Ocean. In Circle—The Puffer Blows Himself Up into
a Ball When He Is in Danger
Some fish can spring from the water
and sustain themselves in long flights of
various distances in the air. These fish
dart from the water to escape capture
by some other fish which preys upon
them and, as though guided by some
peculiar instinct, they always soar with
the wind. Over the first part of their
course they sail at a rate of ten miles an
hour. Slowly this rate diminishes. It
has been noticed that their flight takes
the form of a beautiful and graceful
curve. Once under way, however, the
flier cannot change its course unless it
stoops to touch the water wdth its tail and
alters its direction. The California
species attains a length of some seventeen
inches and altogether nine species of flying
fishes are known to science.
Of all the luminous varieties of fish
the torchfish is one of the queerest.
Upon its nose, and erect upon a short
stem, it has a small organ which is
phosphorescent. This fish has the power
to make glow at will. A long and
slender filament swings from beneath its
403
r

404 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
lower jaw tufted at the free end, and the
torchfish moves this about like a little
bait. The small fish are attracted by the
light of the torch, and they dart about
unsuspectingly in the region of their
allurer's capacious mouth, wdiich is open
and ready to devour them.
Of the ordinary lantern fishes little can
be said to explain their luminous organs
and their functions.. So little is known of
the conditions to wdiich the deep-sea
species are subjected that the real func­
tion of their lanterns can only be surmised.
It may be certainly said, however,
that these lights are an asset in
procuring food because they aid the fish
to find its way about in the murky depths.
The blind fishes represent a very old
division of the water's inhabitants. In
the famous Mammoth Cave of Kentucky
are to be found the small blind fishes of
the limestone caves. This group of fishes
is a very ancient one, for it has taken
many generations of them to have
evolved to the point where their eyes
atrophied to nothing. That the process
is a lengthy one may be shown by the
fact that some species have rudimentary
eyes still to be found under the skin.
When the fish first swam inadvertently
into the subterranean caverns, they proceeded
into total darkness, where their
eyes became useless. Among those individual
fish capable of carrying on their
lives under such untoward conditions
many bred. Their progeny through
many generations found less and less use
for their eyes, which became functionless,
began to disappear and were finally
eliminated.
On the other hand, many fishes which
live in the deep sea where it is forever
dim, have made extra effort to gain the
light: and in these cases the eyes have
become larger and larger through the
succeeding generations. This is a striking
example of the result of an effort to
maintain the organ of sight at any expense
and is in direct contrast wdth the
/ _
A Group of Strange Creatures Gathered from the Depths of the Waters. The Diversity of Their Forms Sr-cw
That Almost Anything Is Likely to Be Found at the Bottom of the Ocean
lack of effort of the blind fish which did
not fight the gradual loss of its eyes and
consequently completely sacrificed them.
In speaking of the eyes of fish, an
extraordinary fact about the commonplace
flounder comes to light. One of
the most peculiar things about flounders
is that the young of the species swim
upright as in the case of all adults of any
ordinary species. The eyes of young
flounders are like those of ordinary fish,
one being situated on each side of the head.
Gradually, however, a change comes
about in the appearance of the young
flounder. As it grows one of the eyes
travels around the side of the head until
both are on the same side. Subsequently,
this side becomes the upper side of the
head. Most of this rotation of the eye is
a rapid process, taking not more than
three days.
In salmon and the larger varieties of
trout a queer change, which is temporary,
takes place in the structure of the fish
(Continued on page 458)

Phonograph Built Out of Driftwood
O N E of the keepers living at the
lighthouse situated at the end of
the long breakwater at San Pedro,
California, has built from odds and ends
of lumber that have been washed up on
the rocks an interesting collection of
phonographs. He has made eleven phonographs
of various sizes and shapes and
is now working on the twelfth which he
claims will far outclass the entire collection.
One of the machines has a home-made
On the Right Is J.
Miller, the Lighthouse
Keeper Who Spends
His Spare Time
Building Phonographs
from Driftwood. Two
of His Machines are
Shown; the Lower
One Has Two Motors
and the Upper One
Is Beautifully Carved
device for turning the record over and
shifting the tone arm for playing the
other side without opening the door. The
tone chamber of this particular machine
is of spruce and extends the entire interior
breadth of the box. The case is
made of sixteen different kinds of wood,
with walnut, mahogany and oak predominating.
The design on one of the doors
shows a full rigged ship rounding the
lighthouse, while another door shows a
three-masted schooner nearing the home
port. The center panel displays a shield
enclosed in a wreath. All of the devices
for operating the machines have been
evolved by J. Miller from all sorts of
things picked up in junk yards. A fixture
from a bath tub serves as a key to start
and stop two motors, open two doors and
set the needle on a record. In one of
the doors a beer bottle opener serves as
a spring.
One machine contains two motors and
will play any record. The tone chamber
has a Y branch and a butterfly valve and
the sound can be changed from one arm
to the other at will, or the valve can be
left halfway open and both disk and
cylinder records can be played at the
same time. A lever on the outside operates
both motors. The motor for disk
records has been fitted so that the gears
can be shifted and the record will be
played backwards. Mr. Miller says that
-M-M-M-MI n \i p illuming
"the effect is not startling, however, and
I don't do it often. It makes a civilized
record of a monologue sound like a
Chinaman yvho has run amuck, and it
makes a band selection sound like a tin
pan falling down an elevator shaft."
Use Fingerprints in
Piano Teaching
FINGERPRINTS obtained by applying
pigment to the fingertips and pressing
them on a smooth surface have, as everybody
knows, been adopted as a means
of identification. It has been found practicable
to use them to test piano playing.
The impressions made on the keys by the
fingers of a performer are held to be
indications of his methods, and serve to
show whether he touches the keys in
the same way as a good performer, whose
fingerprints may be used as a standard.
405

THE WHITE GOLD PIRATE
By MERLIN MOORE TAYLOR
Read This First
The war caused a great scarcity of platinum. The many industries which used
the "white gold" were handicapped. As a result clever thieves began raiding
laboratories and plants for their platinum, even going so far as to loot the Bureau
of Standards at Washington. The Department of Justice took a hand then and
spread all over the United States, in every place where pU.tinum was used, a
trap for the ringleader of the thieves, a man nicknamed "the pirate." First clue
to the pirate came when he offered, over the telephone, to dispose of a great
quantity of platinum to Robert Goodwin, scientist and inventor. Goodwin pretends
eagerness to buy the metal and asks that a sample be sent him for analysis.
Meanwhile he notifies B,arry, of the Department of Justice, and wagers him that.
through scientific knowledege alone, he will trap the pirate before the detective
can do so. Analysis of the sample convinces him the platinum was stolen from
the government plant at Jackson. The pirate telephones again to close the deal.
"He's talking from a private booth in the Somerville hotel," says the telephone
operator and Barry's men dash out to try and catch him.
Now Go On with the Story
Chapter IV
' T T O W did the test of ihe metal
pan out?" asked the platinum
peddler as soon as he had established
that it was Goodwin and no other
on the telephone.
''Perfectly satisfactory," was the reply.
"I am ready to take five hundred ounces
at the price you quoted."
There was a whistle, subdued but surprised,
from the unknown. "That," he
^aid, "is rather more than I expected you
to buy. Of course I wouldn't be carrying
that much around. Would delivery
in a week or ten days do? I am sure I
can have it here in that time."
"Suits me," replied Goodwin.
"I'll let you know when I get back,"
came crisply over the wire. "Meanwhile
arrange to have the payment for it in
cash, no bills over a hundred dollars. I'll
make final arrangements later."
"Just a minute," said Goodwin, but
he was too late. The other man had
hung up. ddie conversation had lasted
but little over a minute, not long enough
for the detectives to have reached the
hotel a block away.
Goodwin took from his pocket the
paper in which the box containing the
platinum sample had been wrapped,
studied it thoughtfully for a few minutes,
took a magnifying glass, laid it on the
paper and went to work.
After working a while, he put on his
hat and coat, left word he would be back
within an hour and left the laboratory.
When he returned he busied himself with
microscope, chemicals and delicate in­
4U6
struments until long after the place was
deserted. At last with a sigh he, too,
prepared to go.
Half an hour later he was in Barry's
private office. The government man was
plainly out of humor and his greeting
was curt.
"Missed him, of course," he said in
answer to a question. "When my men
got to the Somerville Hotel, two men
were using the private telephone booths.
They nailed both of them. One was a
traveling salesman trying to buv a bottle
of bootleg, the other a small-town banker
talking to a chorus girl. Bah!"
His disgust was so patent Goodwin
roared with laughter.
"Go ahead and laugh," snapped Barry.
"Without any sort of a description how
could they be expected to find either hide
or hair of him ?"
"His hide will have to wait," retorted
Goodwin, "but if his hair is of any use
to you—here you are." He extracted an
envelope from his pocket and, wdiile
Harry watched curiously, took out several
blonde hairs, between three and four
inches long, and held them out.
"What's the idea?" demanded the government
man. making no effort to take
them. "Is this a joke of some kind?"
"Joke!" echoed Goodwin, replacing the
hairs in the envelope. "Hardly a joke,
Barry. These are from the head of the
man you want. To those who can see
the story they tell, there is quite a lot
to be learned from them."
"I'm blind," injected Barry, "At least,

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 407
"These Hairs," said Goodwin to the Detective, "Are from the Head of the Man You Want. To Those Who
Can See the Story They Tell, There Is Quite a Lot to be Learned from Them'
those hairs tell me nothing except that,
if they came from his head, he has
blonde hair like several million other men
in this world. Have they whispered anything
else to you?"
Goodwin smiled. "Plenty," he replied.
"That the pirate is a man in his thirties,
fair skinned, wears his hair brushed back
from the forehead and rather long. Also
he is tall, a neat dresser and left-handed."
Barry threw up his hands in mock surrender.
"Don't shoot," he begged. "I'll
come down. I have no way of disputing
you, as you very well know, but how
and where did you find out these things ?"
"Principally at the Somerville Hotel,
where for two days our man has occupied
Room 205 under the name of.I. L. Porter,"
was the reply. "No," as Barry shot
to his feet, "It won't do any good to look
for him there now. He had checked out
before he called me the last time. By
now he's far away. I could hazard a very
good guess where he is bound for, but
that can wait. We can afford to let him
have plenty of rope just now."
The government man sank back into his
chair. "If you would start somewhere
near the beginning," he suggested. "I am
only a detective. My brain cannot encompass
your magic wdthout a chart."
"There is no magic," said Goodwdn
earnestly. "First, take a look at this."
He passed over the wrapper from the box
in which the sample had reached him.
"You will notice my name and address
were written on a typewriter and that
later, presumably after he had tied up
the parcel, the lender took a pen and
wrote the words 'Important and Personal'
on it. Perhaps he wished to insure
that the platinum would get to me
properly. Wdien he did that he furnished
me with an important clue."
"His handwriting, yes," agreed Barry,
"but caligraphy experts have been wrong
so often, have been discredited so frequently
in court—."
Goodwin stopped him with upraised
hand. "You're right," he admitted," but
that has been because they have overlooked
one feature of handwriting that
is important. Only recently Dr. Locard
of France has showed them the way. He

408 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Captain Thompson Focused
the X-Ray Machine on All
Parts of the Vault
how he hesitated, slightly lifted the pen,
in linking 'o' and V and 'e' and Y."
He whipped out a magnifying glass
and held it for Barry to see. "You will
be able to detect that much," Goodwin
has perfected a method of measuring
handwriting and so classifying the angular
inclinations, the interruptions and the
angles' width that error has been almost
entirely done away with. A man's hand­ went on. "Naturally I, with more trainwriting
as an identification method is ing and experience, see other fine details
almost on a par with the long-established that, once I have them in mind, would
fingerprint.
loom up in my eyes like a sore thumb
"For one thing, the forward slant of every time I saw the same man's hand­
the letters told me that our man was writing, if any of the letters or com­
left-handed. Then, Dr. I ocard has shown bination of letters I had seen before ap­
that when the pen assumes a certain relapeared."tion to the paper there is a tendency to "Wdien and where did you see Mr.
hesitate, to lift the pen at certain stages Pirate's writing again?" demanded the
in the writing of certain letters or certain government man, keenly interested.
phrases. This tendency differs according "On the hotel register of the Somer­
to the individual. No two of them write ville," replied Goodwin. "I recognized
the same thing in exactly the same way. it the moment my eyes, running down the
In examining the bit of handwriting with signatures of the guests, alighted on it.
which our man favored me I particularly Barry, when our man wrote down the
noticed the manner in which his capital name of 'I. L. Porter' on that register
T and his capital 'P' were written and and later added 'Important and Personal'

to the typewritten address on that parcel
to me, he forged two stout links in the
chain of identification. Notice that the
same letters, the capitals T' and 'P' and
the same combinations I pointed out before,
'o-r' and 'e-r', appear in both. You
have not seen the signature on the register.
I have. The same man wrote it
and addressed the parcel to me. W hether
it is his right name or not I do not know.
I doubt it. But the man whom we have
been calling the platinum pirate has given
And Goodwin and Barry Took a
Fluoroscope and Went Around
to the Rear of the Vault to See
What the Rays Revealed
us a name at last and that name is I. L.
Porter."
Chapter V
"You probably are wondering how I
discovered this; why I went to the hotel
at all," Goodwdn resumed. "Science can
point the way out to us, Barry, but we
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 409
must take the road of our own accord.
It struck me that our man might be a
guest at the hotel. It was logical to suppose
that, figuring I was going to buy
platinum from him, he would want to
be as close as possible in case he had to
make an appointment with me, so that the
sale might be effected in as short a time
as possible. Even you would reason that
way."

410 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"Would and did," grinned Barry. "But
it was like looking for a needle in a haystack.
The Somerville has a number of
guests, mostly men. Without any idea
of what our man looked like, how were
we to pick him out of the crowd?"
"Score one for science," was the reply.
"Having identified my man as Porter, I
had no difficulty in getting to the room
he had occupied, d'he bird had flown.
He had paid for it two days in advance
when he came in and wdien he was ready
to leave he simply walked clown the steps
one flight to the lobby and out the door.
"The maid had not yet been notified
the room was vacated, for not even the
office knew it. I'll say one thing for
Porter. He left no betraying bits of paper,
no clues that the criminal of fiction always
provides for the detectives. But Porter
left something he did not know. On the
dresser scarf, where he had brushed his
hair before the mirror, he dropped half
a dozen hairs."
"Blonde, like that of several thousand
men right here in Chicago," interjected
Barry.
"But quite individual, if you kno\V how
to look for its characteristics. I do," retorted
Goodwin. "From a single hair the
scientific expert can determine several
things about the person from whose head
it came. Under the microscope the hair
Porter so kindly left lying around told a
good deal. Its texture showed it came
from the head.
"Its healthy condition revealed two
things, that Porter is careful to brush it
often, that his body is in good shape
physically, that he still is a young man
upon whom the deterioration of age has
not begun its work—in the thirties, to
be exact, ddie pigment, or coloring matter
of the hair, confirmed that. Not until
a man has reached his full development
i> the color of his hair unchangeable.
When age begins to touch him, even
slightly, there is a similar change in the
coloring of his hair. No such change
was apparent in Porter's hair. It pointed
to a fair-skinned, fully developed man,
near the peak of his powers. Its length,
the undulating curve of it, showed how
he wore it."
"Surely, though, it did not tell vou
he was a tall man," cried Barry. "You
mentioned that, vou know."
"Science did not tell me that," admitted
Goodwin. "It was the maid. Porter has
acquired the British habit of putting his
shoes outside a hotel room door, expecting
them to be shined during the night.
The maid saw his shoes. They were
unusually long and narrow, indicating
their owner was tall and not overly heavy.
Moreover, they were not in need of much
polishing. It is only the neat dresser who
demands immaculate shoes, so I judged
Porter is careful about his personal appearance."
"Vou verified this through the hotel
attaches?" asked the government man.
"Tried to and ran up against a stone
wall. The man had made absolutely no
impression on any of them. They could
not recall him at all."
Barry considered that thoughtfully.
"He's British, then, in your opinion?" he
asked.
"More likely a Southerner, who has
lived in Canada," was the reply. "He is an
American, all right, and his voice has a
Southern drawl. I'm guessing at the
Canada part for two reasons. , One is
the fact he put his shoes outside the door.
The other that he gave Canada as the
location of his fictitious unregistered
mining claim."
"I see," said Barry.
"His is a voice that, once heard, would
be hard to forget," Goodwin went on.
"There is something distinctive about it."
"I once arrested a man because he
could not disguise his voice," interrupted
Barry. "I had heard it only once, in pitch
darkness at that, but when I heard it
again I nabbed its owner. Convicted him,
too. I should like to have heard Porter
talk."
Goodwin tugged at his coat pocket and
produced a package.. "Ask and you shall
receive," he said. "I present you with his
voice. I shall not need it again."
"What's this thing?" Barry wanted to
know, tearing off the paper and turning
over in his hands the phonograph record
he found. "You mean to say you got
Porter to make a record of this voice of
his?"
"Unwittingly, yes," replied the scientist.
"I rigged up an amplifier to my
telephone receiver to louden his voice as
it came over the wdre and in front of the
amplifier my assistant cranked a recording

machine and embalmed Mr. Porter's peculiar
tones on a wax record. He hardened
the record later and there you are.
Take it home and put it on your talking
machine and amuse yourself, old man."
"Thanks," said Barry briefly. "1 would,
however, rather have him caged than to
have his voice canned."
Goodwin chuckled. "Perhaps that will
come later," he predicted. "One thing
at a time, you know. You have his fingerprints,
his description to some extent, his
voice, his handwriting. Suppose you did
have him. W hat good would it do unless
you knew where his platinum came from?
How would you prove it was stolen?"
"After what you have shown me this
night I defer to you, Goodwin," returned
the detective. "But I .cannot believe that
even as smart a thief as the platinum
pirate could coolly get into the vault of
the plant at Jackson, lift the government's
platinum and not break the wax
seals on the cracks of the doors of the
vault. I think that when that permission
I asked for comes and we open that vault
at Jackson we shall find that for once
your science has gone astray. I think that
we shall find the platinum there in its
aluminum containers. If we do," there
was mockery in his voice, "I warn you I
am going to laugh, Goodwin. So far, 1
haven't had a chance to do that. It's all
been on your side."
"Why wait for permission?" asked the
scientist.
"I dare not remove those seals without
orders," was the reply. "It would mean
my scalp."
"No need to do that," urged Goodwin.
"You know the officer in charge at Jackson.
He will permit us to visit the plant.
I happen to know that there is an exceptionally
well-equipped laboratory there. If
it boasts an N-ray machine we can get a
view of the interior of the vault and
determine at once whether the cans are
there, as you maintain, or whether they
have been stolen, as I believe. Wdiat do
you say?"
"What do I say?" cried Barry. "I say
yes, of course, and we will go to Jackson
tomorrow."
Chapter VI
Captain Thompson. U. S. A., had found
his job as custodian nf the plant at Tack-
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 411
son an easy, but lone.ome, one. However,
having seen active service in the
signal corps, he found it gave him an
opportunity to exercise his hobby of scientific
experimentation in the laboratory of
the plant.
He welcomed Goodwin and Barry
warmly. The government man he already
knew. He had heard a great deal of
the scientist and their mission brought
into the routine of his daily life a thrill
as seldom fell to his lot any more.
He laughed, however, when Goodwin
voiced his belief that the supply of platinum
under his charge had been tapped.
"I hardly see how that could be possible,"
he said. 'The metal is contained in fiva
hundred odd aluminum cans, the door is
locked and the vault sealed, as Mr. Dam
has told you. Most of my time on the
island is spent in the laboratorv adjoining."
"That is during the day," replied Goodwin.
"Granted no thief would dare work
on the vault then. But how about the
nights ?"
For the first time the captain's face
assumed a worried look. "I do spend a
great many nights on the mainland," he
admitted. "But the laboratory building
has a watchman all its own. Old Peter
has been on duty there virtually ever since
the plant was built. I'd stake my life
on it he wouldn't be a party to anything
crooked. And, then, no one could get
into the vault unless he tampered with
the seals. You wdll find them unbroken,
just as they were the day they were put
on. But, shucks, what's the use of standing
here arguing about it. As Dr. Goodwin
says, the little X-ray will tell in a
minute whether the cans still are in the
vault. There's a good machine in the
laboratory. I'll have the electrician who
is on the staff here take it into the vault
room and get it ready. He's quite a
handy man, Elston is, and as enthusiastic
an experimenter as 1 am."
He reached out a hand to press the
signal button which would summon Elston
when Goodwin interposed. "Suppose we
do the job ourselves," he suggested. "No,"
as he observed the frown on the officer's
forehead, "I'm not questioning Elston's
integrity, but the fewer people we let in
on this the better. You know that legally
we have no right here. If only we three

412 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
have a finger in it, it will go no farther."
Captain Thompson got up and took a
ring of keys from his pocket. "Come on,"
he said and led the way into the laboratory
adjoining his office, which in the
days when the plant was in operation had
been the headquarters of its superintendent.
"This," he said throwing open a door
and revealing a spacious room, "is the
experimental room and those doors you
see lead into various other laboratories."
He crossed to a great door of steel in the
concrete walls, inserted a key in each of
the three big padlocks which held it—
near the top, the middle and the bottom—
and, exerting his strength, pulled it open
on well-oiled hinges.
Goodwin gazed curiously about the
room into which the captain led the way.
It was not large and from floor to ceiling
the walls were hidden by stacks of boxes
and cans neatly piled up. "Laboratory
material as it came from the manufacturers
and not unpacked before the plant
was shut down," explained Captain
Thompson. "If you will wait here I will
wheel in the X-ray machine from the experimental
room."
While they were waiting for Thompson
and the machine, Goodwin and Barry
strolled about the room and finally came
to a stand in front of the massive door
of the vault. The combination which
guarded the vault's contents seemed to
be an intricate one. Goodwin took the
knob of the dial in his fingers and started
to twirl it just as the officer returned.
"Be careful," called Thompson sharply.
"You are likely to get a nasty shock if
you turn the dial around to the figures
which form the combination."
Goodwin nodded. "Electrical connections,
eh?" he asked. "Not enough voltage
to kill, but probably enough to knock
a man down. I've seen it before, but it's
easy to beat the game. Rubber gloves
will do it."
"Certainly," agreed Thompson, "but
gloves would act as an absolute bar to
opening the combination by the sense of
touch alone, and that and acute hearing
would be the only way to open it wdthout
leaving betraying signs unless one knew
the figures and the proper sequence that
will open the door."
The scientist smiled. "You must have
been reading a prospectus from the company
that installed this protective system,"
he said. "This method is quite out-ofdate.
I tell you it is a continual battle
between makers of safes and crackers of
safes. As fast as some clever man devises
some new protective method some
equally clever thief invents a way to
beat it. Even I would guarantee to open
this thing, electricity and all, in short
order."
"How?" demanded Barry, who had
been listening intently but saying nothing.
"The same way that the man who
looted this vault of its platinum contents
did," smiled the scientist. "I would wear
rubber gloves and use a voltmeter to tell
me when the knob had been turned just
far enough to permit the tumblers of the
lock to drop into place."
"I see you are determined to hang on
to your theory that the stolen platinum
came from here," scoffed Barry. "You
no doubt have observed that the wax
seals are intact. There is your X-ray
machine, Goodwin, all ready to shoot. Go
ahead and settle the matter. Tell us if
the platinum still is in there."
But the scientist had apparently not
been listening to him. Goodwdn's head
was cocked toward the door by which
they had entered from the experimental
room. Captain Thompson had closed
it behind him when he had wheeled
in the X-ray apparatus.
"Someone," the scientist whispered,
"is outside the door and very much interested
in what we are doing, I think."
Wdth a finger to his lips to enjoin silence
he tiptoed to the door and threw it open.
But no one was there. The eavesdropper
was gone.
"Captain," he said, returning. "You, I
believe, are familiar wdth this machine.
Will you operate it while Barry and I
wdth a fluoroscope go around the vault
and see what the rays reveal. Keep moving
it so that you cover all of the back
wall where the cans are piled."
A few minutes later Thompson heard
them calling him and, shutting off the
rays, left the vault room and joined them
in the experimental room.
(This Story will Be Concluded in the
December Issue)

Who Ever Told You That Checkers Wasn't
a Strenuous Game? Well, of Course, Usually
It Isn't, But When You Stand on Your
Hands, Balancing on One Hand and Moving
the Pieces With the Other, It Isn't
Such a Soft Job
Of the Nine Children
In This New York
Family, Eight of Them
Came In Four Sets of
Twins. The Gathering
Looks More as
Though It Were a
Sunday School Picnic
Than a Family Group
The Famous French Horse, "Wildfire", Is Now
on a Tour of America: He Lives Up to His
Reputation of Being the Most Intelligent Horse
in the World By Dancing, Diving,
and Answering Questions
413

B
To Catch That Big One
You'll Have to Give Your Tackle the Once Over
By FRED BRADFORD ELLSWORTH
ROTHER, hello! From the stand­
point of real, honest-to-gosh sport—
what—I ask you—can beat a slowly
sinking sun, just plunging out of sight
in the good old lake as a quivering strip
of silver fastens upon your bait ?
I could write for years on the subject
of muskies, bass, pike, trout—all the
finny denizens, in fact. But, man, I'd give
real money right now to be sitting in a
boat out in the middle of a certain lake—
casting for the brother of that fish that
rests before me on a shiny bit of wood,
mute evidence that I know what I'm
raving about. I'm a fisherman, I am—
and daggoned proud of it—a better fisherman
than golfer. All bail to tbe ancient
Scottish game: I'm for it—but, oh you
limpid water, red sunset and light tackle.
And as soon as I get my tackle in shape
I'm going to hike me up to that certain
lake and fish, fish, fish.
My mind wanders to my rod cabinet
and I look at it admiringly. It contains
most of my angling paraphernalia. On
the left side hangs many split bamboo
rods for both sweet and salt water
angling. On the right side, resting on
glass shelves, are many reels for the same
IM
purpose ; spinners,
etc., but it is only
the fresh water
equipment that is
now of interest.
From the collection
of rods I
select six favorite
Heddon split bamb
o o bait-casting
bass rods, three
for the Missus and the other three for
myself. These are two-piece rods, with
extra tips. Two of them are 6-foot, 6ounce
rods ; two 6-foot, 5-ounce rods and
two are 5^-foot, 6-ounce rods. The
first are used in casting for muskellunge,
the second, casting for bass, and the
third, sometimes utilized in trolling for
muskellunge, but we seldom resort to
that method because it is uninteresting
and monotonous sport.
Formerly I used to go over my bass
rods and make necessary repairs, when
through with them in the Fall, especially
if I contemplated using them in the
South during the Wdnter; otherwise,
I simply clean them well and wait until
Spring to do the work. This is a better

plan because rods that are kept in a steamheated
room are bound to suffer and I
have found rods that were in good order
in the Fall, when Spring came had loose
tip tops, ferrules, cork handles and grips.
The first thing I do with my rods is to
examine them carefully and decide what
repairs are necessary. My outfit for this
work consists of a good knife, scissors,
nail stick, cement, camel's hair brush.
Spar varnish, turpentine, fine emery
paper, pumice stone in powder form, and
a piece of flannel cloth.
Of course, you understand if a rod has
not been used much, all that is necessary
is to replace worn or loose windings and
shellac them. See that the tip top and
ferrules are tight and then give the rod a
coat of varnish and in about ten days
another coat if necessary.
But with my rods it is different, for
they have been in service a good man)
years, subjected to very hard usage, and
have been repaired many times. If I
deem it advisable to revarnish them, I
often cut off all the windings and remove
the varnish with a knife, being careful
not to injure the wood. Wdien this is
accomplisbed, I rub the rod wdth fine
emery paper and pumice stone on a cloth
so as to make it perfectly smooth.
If any of the tip tops or ferrules are
loose, they are removed and the old
cement scraped off. The cement is heated
and with the stick placed on the rod and
the ferrules and tip tops replaced. If
the cork handles or grips are loose, they
are tightened by soaking in water.
The rods are then wound again and the
guides are replaced. Frequently I use dif-
A Jewelled (Left) and a Plain No. 3 Reel (Right)
for Casting or Trolling
ferent colored silk in winding a rod. A
variety of color adds to the beauty of a
rod and is pleasing to the eye. Black
and green: black, scarlet and green:
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 415
There's Great Pride and Joy in Playing With and
Handling a 20-pound Muskie
black, green and orange harmonize nicely,
and for a single color nothing is prettier
than green, in my estimation. And,
here's another thing worth knowing; you
can frequently improve the action of a
rod by wdndings.
Then I warm the varnish and if too
thick, thin it wdth turpentine and coat the
windings the way the thread runs.
Shellac is not good because when it
dries it is brittle and cracks. I start at
the tip top, then down to the next one
and so on, being careful to apply the
varnish evenly and smoothly, and in a
week or so give them another coat, sometimes
more.
My reels, even when in use, are always
carefully taken care of and in the Fall,
when I reach home, they receive attention
and are never allowed to remain uncleaned.
I take each reel to pieces, remove
all the parts and give them a
bath in gasoline. It is the only way to
clean a reel thoroughly. Of course, it
requires skill to do this, and if one is not

416 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
1
1
1
*
j
•
1
1
i
'
1 -
Selecting the Rod of the Correct Length and Weight
Plays an Important Part
familiar with the mechanism of a finely
adjusted reel, one had better not attempt
it. I used to take a reel apart by simply
taking off the end plates, then puttering
around the bearings, etc., wdth a brush,
stick, etc., trying to clean it, but I do not
approve of such methods. And, if a reel
is allowed to remain uncleaned and the oil
cakes or the parts corrode, such a procedure
is useless. After the reels are
cleaned, I oil and assemble them with care
and polish with "Omy Cloth." It is
chemically prepared and used to clean
and polish silver, wood, etc., and formerly
cost but a quarter a package. I discovered
it some years ago and since then all
my friends have been using it.
My tackle box was once a cumbersome
affair and contained almost eveything an
angler did not require. The one 1 use
now has only a few things in it: Small
spoons, spinners, leaders, snaps, swivel,
hooks, sinkers, oil can, hone, and
tools. But your box may hold different
kinds of plugs, such as wobblers, wigglers,
surface and underwater lures ; flies, trolling
spoons, etc., that need more attention.
So look them over.
Possibly you contemplate purchasing
new tackle this season. If not experienced
in doing this and your knowledge
of equipment is limited, perhaps a few
suggestions will prove of value.
If you wish a fly-casting trout rod,
buy a 10-foot split bamboo rod, weighing
six ounces, one with three joints and an
extra tip. It should have a solid cork grip
handle with agate first guide and tip top,
and the other guides snake guides. Of
course a lighter rod can be used, depending
upon the skill of the angler. Good
trout rods cost from $25 up.
An ideal bass rod for bait-casting, in
my estimation, is a two-piece split bamboo
rod, six feet long, weighing six ounces
wdth an extra tip. Never buy a rod with
a joint in the middle because that is
where a rod is likely to break. It weakens
a rod and there is not the action to it that
there should be. Long tips that assemble
near the butt are the kind to use. To
reduce friction on a line and enable one
to cast more easily it is advisable to have
all mountings of agate. It is imperative
that the first guide and tip top should be
of this material, for here is wdiere the most
friction occurs. Also see that the rod
has a solid cork handle and a cork hand
grasp that fit the hand. It is well to have
a locking reel band to prevent the reel
from working loose and falling off. Even
wdth one I always lash my reel.
If you are a dexterous angler you may
prefer a lighter bait-casting rod for bass.
In that case use a 5-ounce rod of the
same length and if you desire to task
skill further use a 4^-ounce rod. If capable
of such finesse, vou will find the 6ounce
rod adequate to use in casting for
muskellunge, but do not under any circumstances
use such a rod for trolling-
If trolling is resorted to, use a 6-ounce, 5or
5 T Xfoot rod and if not an adroit muskellunge
angler use an 8-ounce rod until
you become experienced.
You understand that the bait-casting
rods I have described are for the use of
(Continued on page 460)

Like Stories About Indians?
TOM AND ELLE-NAVAJOS
By H O W A R D G R U E H L
T O M and Elle Ganado, Navajos, are
the most widely known Indians in
America. Elle has had her blanket
loom in the museum near the Santa Fe
station at Albuquerque, New Mexico,
for more than a quarter of a century,
and there many thousands of the traveling
public have watched her card and spin
wool and weave her beautiful Navajo
Workroom of Harvey Indian Buildings. Albuquerque, New Mexico
and (Right) Elle Ganado, Most Famous of All Navajo Weavers.
Who Has Woven Blankets for Presidents and Kings
blankets. Tom, her husband, who is too
old to work regularly at his trade of making
jewelry of native turquoise and
Mexican silver pesos, is a landmark seasoned
migrators always point out to their
fellow passengers.
This old couple first achieved fame
when Elle was selected from among thousands
of Navajo squaws to weave a
blanket for Colonel Roosevelt, which was
presented to him by his old rough rider
regiment shortly after he became president.
\dsitors to the Trophy Room at
Oyster Bay say that the
Colonel used to point out his
blanket, which was used as
a rug, as one of his most
prized possessions. It is
widely known among experts for its
splendid tight weave and the inscription
in English woven into the design.
Since then many celebrities have
417

418 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
clamored for Elle's blankets. The blanket
she wove for William Howard Taft is
notable for its size. It was given him
by the citizens of Albuquerque while he
was president. King Albert of Belgium
selected an Elle blanket from hundreds
as his choice on his recent visit to New
Mexico. When he learned that the
weaver of his blanket was in the museum
he had his photograph taken while standing
at her side.
This photographing act seems to be a
favorite stunt of the movie folks who
pass through Albuquerque on their way
to and from California. Tom and Elle
have posed with Mary Pickford, Douglas
Fairbanks, Charles Chaplin, William S.
Hart. Taylor Holmes, and a score of
others. These two do not share the general
superstition among southwest Indians
that their death will follow the destruction
of their photographs.
Their long association wdth white
people has taught Tom and Elle many
of our ways, although it has never elicited
one word of English or Spanish from
Elle, who is suspected of understanding
both languages perfectly. When spoken
to in English by tourists she gravely re­
plies in the guttural Navajo, much to the
amusement of her Indian helpers.
Although Tom and Elle have both
passed the three-quarter century' mark
the fire of their youth is still in theit
eyes ; a fire kindled by a romantic history
which neither has forgotten. As the
story goes, Elle's mother, a Spanish girl
of high caste, was captured in one of the
frequent Navajo raids when she was an
infant. She grew up with these nomads
and married a wealthy Navajo. It is said
that Elle, their child, was one of the most
beautiful maidens of her tribe, and was
wooed by all the eligible young bucks of
Navajo land. ,
Tom, one of Elle's most ardent suitors,
was rejected by the proud parents because
he had seven wives at the time,
and also because he had neither sheep
nor ponies enough for the purchase—for
the Navajo marriage was, and still is,
Theodore Roosevelt's Famous Membership Card to the Albuquerque Commercial Club, and
Elle, Its Weaver
largely a matter of barter between the
groom and the bride's parents. Elle's
beauty and her fine skill at the loom
were to bring a top price. Tom was not
discouraged, however, and did the Sir
Lochinvar act in approved movie style,
leaving, when the sun peeped over the

mountain tops one fine June morning,
only the tracks of his favorite pony as
payment for his stolen bride.
Soon after the elopement Tom's mother
and some of his white friends succeeded
in persuading him that eight wives were
seven too many. Out of the eight Tom
chose Elle, who, strange to say, is the
only wife who has borne him no children.
Tom and Elle are wealthy, as Navajos
count wealth, owning several flocks of
sheep and goats (which are cared for by
Tom's army of grandchildren) much
turquoise, wampum and an abundance
of the typical Navajo hand-wrought silver
jewelry.
Tourists who have come to know the
old couple wonder if they do not long
for the life and people of their home
country. They do, occasionally, and visit
the reservation, but always return before
they had intended. Thoroughly
Americanized in their mode of living and
sanitary habits, Tom and Elle soon tire
of the filth and superstition of their tribe.
To their white friends Tom and Elle
exemplify everything Navajo, but to
their relatives at home they are sorely
contaminated by American cleanliness
and are earnestly besought by the medicine
men to give up their dangerous
habits of bathing and changing clothes
occasionally. These medicine men regard
wdth suspicion any of their tribesmen who
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 419
Tom Ganado Knows More Celebrities Than a Washington
Newspaper Man
have become in the least way civilized.
They hold their people together with
superstition and hocus-pocus and are
afraid that contact with civilization will
eventually break their power. Navajo
children, who are induced to attend the
Indian Schools provided by the govern-
(Contmued on page 466)
THEY CALL HIM "MOLE TEQUOP"
By T. BENJAMIN F A U C E T T
W H E N President Grant sent the
great-great-grandson of Benjamin
Franklin to West Point in 1871,
he did not realize that this young man
would prove to be the best friend that
the American Indian ever had. Graduating
in 1876 as Second Lieutenant,
Hugh Lenox Scott was immediately sent
out to join the Ninth Cavalry, then doing
service on the southern border. Within
a month young Scott's aptitude for
Indian fighting was recognized by a promotion
to the Seventh Cavalry stationed
at Bismarck, North Dakota. It was in
this and further western territory that
the now General Hugh L. Scott spent the
most adventurous and interesting years
of his life, although he also has seen
much active service in Cuba, the Philip-
The "Wolf"
Means Wisdom or
"I am Consider-
Insert—Means
"I Have Considered."

420
pines and Mexico. Today he possesses
the unusual distinction of being the only
person who has risen through every rank
in the army to the post of chief of staff.
But it is General Scott's brotherly interest
in the problems of the American
Indian that have enabled him to gain
Outstretched Arms Resembling the Antlers of an Elk
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
many bloodless victories over the red man.
His skill in conversing with the Indians
by means of the sign language probably
accounts for a large measure of his success
in carrying the American flag
through eleven wars with the aborigines
of the Western Continent. The Indians
of the plains still call him "Mole
Tequop," meaning "he talks with his
hands." Through the use of the sign
language General Scott was able to meet
in council with such noted warriors as
Sitting Bull, Geronimo, Red Cloud and
other Indian chiefs who were once
avowed enemies of the U. S. Government.
He made them his friends by
using kindness and diplomacy.
During a recent visit to New York,
General Scott told me how he first
learned the value of employing Indian
scouts when campaigning against hostile
red men. "We always secured scouts who
were enemies to the particular tribes we
were fighting." he said. "But even these
shrewd fellows had their limits for I
soon discovered that they were unable
to converse with tribes speaking a different
dialect. Each tribe jealously guarded
its mother tongue and would learn to
speak no other, so the scouts proved to
be rather unreliable interpreters. Then
I heard of the sign language, a method
of silent speech which enabled the buffalo
hunting tribes to converse with each
other in a common 'tongue'. I realized
the importance of this language to the
Indian fighter and set myself to master
its mysteries.
"For hours I would often observe a
group of Indians, patiently waiting for
one of them to make a sign. Then I
would study the purpose of the sign and
enter a complete record of it in my notebook.
In this manner I learned more
than one thousand signs which represent
several thousand English words and furnish
the Indians of the plains with a
language that enables them to 'talk' all
day wdthout saying a word. The Indians
always selected the most prominent feature
of anything as the base of a sign.
The white man was the only person that
they ever saw wearing a hat, so the sign
for 'white man' is made by drawdng the
index finger along the forehead in line
with a hat brim. A horse is the only
animal which they rode astride. Naturally
the sign for a horse or a man on
horseback is easily made by straddling
the index and middle finger over the
closed fingers of the other hand.
"In 1878, shortly after I began study
of the sign language, an Indian used these
signs along with several others to tell me
of a trip that he had made to Washington,"
continued General Scott. "The
thing that most impressed him while
there was a visit to the circus, where he
saw a man on a horse that jumped over
five other horses. First, he made the sign
for a white man on a horse. Then using
the sign for a horse he indicated a row
of five horses. The sign for a white
man on a horse was then made at a
higher point, after which the horse was
run down a slight incline and made its
imaginary leap over the five horses. The
Indian also told me about seeing an elephant.
This he plainly indicated by
stretching one arm in front of his body,
the hand being curved in and down. The
sign was unmistakable when he picked
up an apple and curved his hand under
and up to his mouth, just as an elephant
uses its trunk for eating.
"The Indians had very simple signs
to indicate the different tribes. Merely
drawing the index finger across the

throat meant T am a Sioux'. Raising
the forearm and drawing the thumb and
last, two fingers into the palm of the
hand, then forming a V with the extended
first and second fingers says 'I
am a Pawnee'. When using this sign in
conversation it means 'wolf, the extended
fingers indicating its ears. As the
wolf is considered a wdse creature the
sign for it also means wisdom, so when
an Indian gives this sign he can indicate
that thought is being given to the subject
under discussion. When his deliberations
are completed he points the sign towards
the ground, which means T have considered'.
"Perhaps the most amusing experience
I ever had was connected with learning
the sign for haircut," added General
Below—Saying "Muscle Shoals" By
Showing How a Muscle Shell Opens
and Closes
Scott. "At that time I had about four
hundred Indians under my command and
practically all of them had enlisted after
being assured that they would be allowed
to retain their long hair. But soon after
the organization of the troop orders from
Washington stated that the Indians must
conform to the army regulation for cutting
the hair close to the head. Having
apparently promised the red men that they
would not lose their long braids, I was
between two fires, for an Indian will
never stand for a broken promise and
neither does Uncle Sam countenance disobeyed
army orders. Officers reported
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 421
that the Indians refused to obey the regulation.
Knowing that serious trouble
would follow if the order was enforced
at once, I decided to wait. Then I began
to ridicule every Indian that I met because
of his long hair. I told them that
they were squaws, not soldiers. At first
they tried to stuff the braids in their
shirts or under their hats, but finally a
few consented to have a haircut. Within
six months all of them except Yellow
Buffalo had visited the post barber. He
w-as defiant and declared that he would
die before parting with his braids.
"Things were looking rather serious
when one day Yellow Buffalo was reported
missing from the ranks. His company
commander told me that the Indian
was ashamed to come out as some of his
Below—During the War the Indians
Learned How to Say "Kaiser" by Indicating
the Old Boy's Turned-Up
Mustache
companions had shaved off half his hair
while he slept in the barracks. I gave
orders that he should be left alone. He
crawled under his bunk and remained
there all day, but that night Yellow
Buffalo sent word that he wanted to see
me. Upon reaching headquarters he
hung his head and asked me to lend him
a quarter. For years I had made a practice
of lending small amounts to Indians
because they always paid it back, but this
time I asked Yellow Buffalo what he
wanted the money for. Still hanging his
head, the Indian used his thumb and in-
(Continued on page 468)

The International Trade Special, First Train Ever to Be Started by
Radio, Left Pittsburgh on Its Way to Eddystone, Pa., to Be Loaded
with Electrical Equipment for the Chilean Railways
< UKDMwgo* * UHBIffWooD
Five-Foot Coil Antenna and Direction Finder
Which Eliminates from Radio the Elevated Outdoor
Antenna and with Which Positions Can Be
Determined with a High Degree of Accuracy
©|
At the Extreme Left
Is Dr. James Harris
Rogers Whose Invention
of Underground
and Undersea Radio
Rendered Invaluable
Service During the
War. Seated at the
Right Is General
Pershing in the Laboratory
of the Scientist
Listening to the Radio
Which Picks Up
European Messages
422
The "Radio Phonlier"
Is a Combination
of Lamp,
Radio Phone,
Tuner Detector,
Two Stage Amplifier
and a Loud
Speaker

Helpful Hints * for the Home
When Polly Puts Her Kettle on
By K. H. H A M I L T O N
W H E N Polly puts her >eein kettle to on be to­ part of their usual life. There
day it is an electrical one. When
her hubby presses his clothes it is
an electrical iron that cheats the tailor.
Milk, that the little one in the home must
have, is heated by this same mysterious
power, while Baby's blanket is warmed
by wire. Grandmother washes her dishes
in an ingenious machine run by electric
current, and her refrigerator makes its
own ice .with a machine connected
to an electric light socket. The electric
home is with us and, to lengthen the
life of all household conveniences using
this power there are some dos and don'ts
necessary. A few of them are told here.
Electricity is
elusive, and
e 1 e c t r i c a 1
troubles are
sometimes the
hardest to locate,
especially
in electrical
connecting
cords. The average
cord in
the home is seldom
kept kinkless.
Twists,
and knots,
is a reason for hanging an electrical cord
in a way to prevent kinks. Inside the
cord covering are many small copper
wires, which, if bent continually, eventually
break off. This condition not only
makes your meter record current for
which you have had no energy, but it is
also likely to burn the cord and blow a
fuse, which usually puts all current out
of commission until a new fuse is installed.
Some of us know how to install these
watch dogs of the basement switch block.
but others of us must go down in our
pockets to pay for the damage done.
Electrical
cords prefer
d r y territory.
In Chicago
three hundred
and ten telephoneinstrument
cords are
replaced daily
because water
gets on them.
Water is a
conductor o f
electrical cur­
Kinks in the Electrical Cords Are Likely To Be Troublesome rent, and if we
423

424
get the cords wet we are invitingtrouble.
How we miss our electric iron when it
is out of commission! Sometimes they
fall from the ironing board, thus breaking
the heating element located in the
bottom. No manufacturer guarantees
irons against cord breakage or falls. In
the best regulated families connected
irons are frequently
forgotten.
They burn their
way through
boards, and if left
alone long enough.
it will find its way
through to the
kitchen floor. Handles
frequently
must be replaced
on overheated
irons. Your iron
can not only start
a nice fire for you
if left alone, but
will injure the
heating element a^
well by overheating
it. Wdiile in
use it is well to disconnect
it occasionally
to prevent just
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
such trouble.
Devices that are
used for boiling
water, such as tea kettles and chafing
dishes, percolators, etc., should never be
permitted to burn dry. A little insulation
on a connecting cord wdiich has become
worn can cause considerable
trouble. Such places should be remedied
immediately, especially on flexible cords,
such as are used on most household devices.
Avoid touching these places. Connecting
cords should never be hung over
nails, pipes, steam radiators, or any
metal. You can make your body a speedway
for electrical current if conditions
are just right. These conditions are
hard for the majority of us to determine.
In any room wdth a damp floor, heater,
pipes or radiators should not touch electrical
fixtures. It not only puts your
electrical conveniences out of commission,
under certain conditions, but may
result in injury to yourself.
Every electric household has at some
A Little Oil in the Vacuum Cleaner Once
Helps Wonderfully
time or other blown a fuse. There is no
need for this trouble if users will take
reasonable care and read instructions on
almost all electrical apparatus coming
from reliable manufacturers. It is sometimes
more convenient than wise to use
a heating appliance and an electric light
from the same source of supply. Cluster
plugs are provided, but these do not
usually provide for
more than one
thousand watts—
this is the maximum
amount of
current that can
safely be use d
from one household
supply source.
Lamps in the average
home consume
from tweny-five to
sixty watts. It is
erring on the side
of safety to make
use of but one heating
appliance and
one light on the
same socket. If
in doubt add together
the number
of watts. Appliances
usually are
While
marked with this
information. Heat
producers require
much more current than fan or sewing
machine motors.
The average man never takes his
watch to the jeweler unless there is
something wrong. The average woman
never oils her machine or vacuum cleaner
unless told to. Of course every good
rule has its exception. Three drops of
oil will keep a vacuum cleaner humming
contentedly for a month unless given
tremendous use. A half thimbleful of
pure, clean vaseline in the oil cup of an
electric fan will keep it happy for some
time. Sewing machine motors, if oiled
three times a week, should be running
constantly during this time.
Electric washing machines have increased
in use tremendously during the
last few years. Oil them regularly where
needed. Tighten the bolts and keep the
bolts at the proper tension. Do not
(Continued on page 470)

Trunk and Machine Do Double Service
By CHARLES ALMA BYERS
IN one home the sewingmachine
and a trunk
are attractively camouflaged
into, respectively, a
dressing-table and a windowseat.
Thus, they have been
not only redeemed from
rather unsightly objects,
when lack of room necessitates
their being kept in a
bed room, for instance, but
also made to serve delightful
and
purposes.
useful secondary
The conversion of the
sewing-machine into a dressing-table
and the trunk into
a seat was accomplished
mainly through the use of
cretonne, which is of flow­
A Few Yards of Cloth and an Unsightly Trunk and "Presto Chango"
We Have a Neat Window Seat
ered pattern. For the sewing-machine,
which is of the drop-head kind, a board
about an inch greater in each dimension
than the top was employed to provide
a sort of foundation for the cloth, or to
The Same Thing Happened to the Sewing Machine
It Became an Attractive Dressing Table
give form to the covering. The apron
part of the covering, in this case, was
hung from the sides and the front of
the top only, the back naturally required
no draping. The cloth was fastened with
tacks to the edges of the board, and
dropped to within about a half-inch
of the floor, in broad, full pleating.
After the tacking on of this curtain
wdiich concealed the front and ends
of the machine, cloth of the same kind
was used for covering the top of the
board. It was drawn down rather
tightly over the edges of the board,
and, with the edge of the material
turned under, fastened with art
tacks. Thus the transformation of
the sewdng machine took place.
The trunk covering was made entirely
of cloth. A single piece of the
material formed the sides and the
top, while the ends were made up
of separate pieces, which were sewed
to the former with considerable
fullness.
These coverings, in each instance.
may, of course, be easily and
quickly removed wdienever desired.
A large mirror may be used to finish
the dressing-table, and a pillow or
two naturally adds to the appearance
of the seat.
425

Pocket Nail Puller That Pulls
the Tight Ones
A N E W pocket nail puller has been
devised in wdiich the jaws open and
are placed over the nail head. The jaws
Instead of Swearing at an Obstinate Nail, Just Reach
Into Your Pocket and Take Out This Nail Puller
can then be driven in by pounding on the
head of the puller with a hammer. Wdien
the jaws have engaged the nail head, the
claws of a hammer are inserted under
the head of the puller. The compound
quickly handled and convenient to operate
leverage enables any nail to be pulled
with ease.
Fountain Pen with an Ink
Pump for Filling
A NEW YORK manufacturer has introduced
a new self-filling fountain
pen which does not contain the usual soft
rubber ink reservoir, but which has a
hard rubber pump for filling a hard rubber
ink receptacle. This pen has only
four major parts, the unusual feature being
a simple but positive pump action
Pump for Filling the Fountain Pen Does Away with
the Easily-torn Rubber Sac
which not only fills the pen from any
inkwell or bottle, but automatically cleans
the pen wdth the same operation. It is
claimed that the new pen does not leak
and by doing away with rubber sacs,
spring levers and valves the ink capacity
and writing ability of the pen are increased.
A Pretty Porch Piece
R E C E N T L Y , almost everywhere
throughout the United States, steel
army cots were sold for about a dollar. If
one of these couches be fitted with a cretonne-covered
pad and supplied with a
few pillows or cushions covered with the
same material a very attractive and inviting
porch-seat is created.
If one is mechanically inclined, the legs
may be removed and four chains be fitted
to the corners and the assembly then
cwung from the ceiling. Wdth an extra
length of chain fastened around the two
sides and back about a foot above the
cretonne-covered pad, the result will be a
pretty porch seat or swing.
Rubber Toothbrush That
Massages the Gums
TTHIS toothbrush recently put on the
* market has several advantageous
features. It is made entirely of rubber
It Massages the Gums and Is Unusually Effective in
Cleaning the Teeth
and bends in the mouth to any shape that
facilitates its use. It can be sterilized in
hot water repeatedly without damage and
no bristles ever come out wdiile the brush
is being used. It is so made that particles
of food cannot lodge in the space between
the bristles. Best of all, its use is good
for the gums. The soft pliable rubber
does not tear into the gums, but helps
them considerably by applying a gentle
massaee.

lomeDevicesThatSaveTimeand' Trouble
Did you ever struggle with a
loaf of bread trying to get
several slices of the same thickness
cut evenly ? If so, you'll
appreciate this cutting frame
attached to a board
M B
j 1 ,;~x.....
7j |
'^^i
Above—This new clothes hanger makes it possible
to hang five garments in the same space
usually required by one. Left—New rubber
bib that protects the sleeves and that doesn't
need to be washed, just rubbed with a damp
cloth
Above—Small machine run by electric motor washes the dishes
by lifting the water by suction and throwing it against the
dishes. Left—Serving table with three sockets for electrical
appliances. Right—Changeable openings regulate
the size of the holes in the strainer and also make
it into a drinking cup. Below—Strips of
chamois made into a mop does cleaning
and polishing jobs that require care

ADDED** CTIONS
Is Your Car Properly Equipped with Accessories?
By H A R R Y IRVING S H U M W A Y
O N C E upon a time (and this doesn't
date way back to the time Grimm's
Fairy Tales were considered news)
an automobile came from the factory
to the proud owner wdth nothing but the
bare necessities of momentum. It had a
power plant, a body, seats, tires and,
tradition tells us, a whip socket on some
of the very first ones. But in those
pioneer days it often happened that a
man, after getting his car, had to go to
a totally different establishment and get
all the necessary fittings for his car.
Here is a magazine on the desk published
in the year 1905. In the back
pages are several advertisements illustrated
by some snappy models of automobiles.
There isn't a windshield in the
bunch. Right in our faces, in those days,
we took dust, butterflies, mosquitoes or
anything else flying through the air, and
imagined we were experiencing the most
satisfying treatment. Apparently at
that date there were no tops either. 1 f
it rained, the tourist was in for a wetting
unless he could make a friendly tree or
a barn in time.
Here also, in this old magazine, is a
half tone of the famous Ford. It looks
as beautiful and important as any of the
other cars of the day. But the Ford of
that era was as innocent of a top or
windshield as its brothers.
Draped about those cars of seventeen
years ago were horns in the most unlocked
for places. They sent their warnings
by a pressure of the hand on a
rubber bulb and the snappier the pressure,
the louder the ensuing blast. No
manufacturer seemed to feel that a
428
• driver might desire a horn somewhere
near his steering post—they made him
reach for it outside.
Everybody knows that the automobile
lias made wonderful strides since those
days, and no less progress has been made
wdth automobile accessories.
Heaven and the United States Patent
Office only know how many mechanical
dewdads have been invented and put on
the market for the motorist's benefit.
If we knew the number of these contrivances
we would be staggered. Accessories
for the Ford car alone fill a catalogue
big enough for a child to sit upon at the
dining table in lieu of a high chair.
Indeed, there are inventors who do nothing
but think up nifty devices for the
Ford car owner.
It is not to be expected that the presentday
owner of a car is going to buy all
these accessories, nor is it to be expected
that he is going to need all of them.
He may be interested in them as men
are interested in fancy poultry and fishing
tackle, but when he reads the ads and
looks in the shop windows, he is staggered
by the outlay and gives up trying
to choose anything before he loses his
sanity. The automobile makers generally
put out their cars wdth the idea that they
are complete, ready to run and give
entire satisfaction. Indeed, some makers
even advise not buying any additional
equipment and urge the purchaser to
drive the car as it is and be happy.
In this, as in nearly everything, there
is a happy medium. There are many
accessories which are wonde I levsavers
and comfort-bringers I e car

There Is Such a Thing as Attaching Too Many Accessories to a Car. Such Practice Detracts
from the Car's Beauty. Choose Well Mr. Motorist
owner. It will pay him to study the
legion of accessories and select what
seems to be of value, if he wants to get
the most out of his car.
Perhaps the greatest bugbear to the
motor car in the United States is the
road question. We have a few good
roads. We have about a million—more
or less— that are not fit to be called
roads, because they were never roads
and should not be flattered by that name.
W r e have many highways that were once
good roads and are now worse than
country lanes, so full are they of pot
holes, ruts and spring-breaking lumps.
There is an accessory for this state
of affairs. It is called the shock absorber
and nearly everybody is familiar
wdth the different devices made in its
name. It is a strange fact, though, that
there are thousands of motorists driving
good cars year after year, who never
think of putting on a set of shock absorbers
or snubbers. They go through
all sorts of roadbeds, breaking springs,
loosening nuts and bolts, damaging nearly
every part of the car and wonder why it
goes to the scrap heap long before its
time.
Everyone should have a shock absorber,
not only for his own comfort but
for the saving in upkeep, tires, gas and
parts. For night driving, when the
operator cannot properly distinguish the
lumps and holes in the roadbed, this
accessory is especially useful. The
shock absorber is not a useless toy, nor
just "another fool thing" to buy for an
ornament Xt is a valuable friend who
will work day and night for its owner
with a minimum of attention and cost.
High up in the list of accessories
that deserve honorable mention is the
contrivance fitted to the radiator cap
which registers the temperature of the
engine by a thermometer which the driver
can read from the driving position. Heat
is the danger signal that something is
going on under the hood detrimental to
it. Wdiile the car is traveling, the driver
may not know his engine is alarmingly
hot. The rush of air, especially with
the windshield open, blinds the operator
to the fact that his motor may be dangerously
hot. He may not discover it
until something serious happens. Many
a connecting-rod bearing has been burned
out in this manner before the driver had
any intimation that all was not well with
his engine.
The motor meter is a constant indicator
of the temperature in the motor. Even
the careless driver will not fail to note
its message from time to time and the
careful man wdll keep a sharp eye on it
subconsciously. How many drivers are
there who would have to plead guilty to
that time-honored, boneheaded play of
forgetting to put water in the radiator?
If printed, it would read like the United
States Census. The little radiator sentinel
is a sure-fire reminder when this
thing happens. It flashes its danger signal
when something happens.
I should say the third most important
bit of equipment for a motorist to buy
and carry is the little tire pressure gage,
which is small enough to slip into your

pocket. Most
drivers drive on
too little air because
it is more
comfortable, the
tires being softer
and absorbing
111 o 1 e of t h e
bumps in the road.
And then it's a
nuisance to get
down and fill the
tires with air.
But tires should
carry a reasonable
amount of air—
Draped About Those Cars of
for Places. The
v_^ 1\_U
Seventeen Years Ago Were Horns in the Most Unlooked
Snappier the Pressure the Louder the Blast
unless you want to travel three or four motorist who wishes to de luxe his car,
thousand miles on them instead of fifteen is a fair trial and correct use. Many
thousand. They should not be so hard motorists buy something which looks
that they jounce the car up and down, attractive and useful and because it may
over the road like a rubber ball. On the not function immediately they condemn
other hand, they shuld have enough air it without further trial. Nearly every­
so that the side walls are not subjected thing mechanical which is meant to go
to a pressure they are not capable of on something else mechanical needs what
standing, thus making rim cuts. The a Yankee would term "tinkering." Buy­
tire makers publish the correct air presers of new contrivances should make
sure for every size of tire and nobody allowances for the newness of an article
need plead ignorance of it. The tire and also, sad to say, for their own per­
gage is the little worker that will tell sonal lack of common mechanical sense.
you at all times just how much pressure
your tires are carrying.
After all, the main thing about these
extra fittings which are marketed for the
Such a valuable thing as an automobile
has always been a temptation to our lightfingered
gentry. Next to a friendly dog.
the motor car is the easiest thing in the
world to steal. It may be difficult to
keep after it has been stolen and it may
be hard to sell, but it certainly is easy
to steal. Countless owners leave their
cars unlocked and unattended every day.
They probably feel that nobody knows
how to run their cars or they trust in
Providence or the insurance companies
—and cars are stolen.
This state of affairs has been a constant
inspiration to inventors to create
masterpieces in the lock line which would
defy the car thief. Some of these con­
You Can Put a Silk Bonnet on an Alligator
but It Will Still be an Alligator
trivances made the stealing of a car so
difficult that thieves fought shy of them.
The transmission lock is one of these.
The electrically charged driver's seat and
steering wdieel is another of a different
nature, and the crook who gets a few
volts of unexpected electricity shot into
him is going to think twice before he
tries to lift another car. Many devices
have failed to stop the motor-car robber

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 431
The Shock Absorber Everyone Should Have Not Only for His Own Comfort but for the Saving
In Upkeep, Tires, Gas and Parts
and it is safe to say that in many a tool
box is a discarded thief antidote.
One of the most popular new appliances
is the gasoline saver. Xo matter how
much money a man has he hates to burn
fuel. It is the same psychological reasoning
that makes a millionaire roam around
his palace, shutting off electric bulbs that
seem to be shedding light on nothing
of importance, and that makes the head
of a household swear the gas meter is
running amuck when he sees the monthly
bill. So car owners will fall for many
devices that claim to save gas.
These affairs run all the way from
articles which claim to eliminate the use
of gas almost entirely, to the more conservative,
which may claim to add a mere
mile or so to the gallon. Some are so
small that you wonder how they do the
work claimed for them, while others look
more like the connection to a hot-air
furnace. When a man has one of these
things and it has shown any indication
of ability, he ceases to be a fit companion
to associate with. He even loses interest
in baseball and fishing. He lives for but
one thing and that is to see his carburetor
guide and fuel saver work.
I once had an acquaintance who bought
one of these things and had it attached
to the engine of his car. He met me
one morning and insisted on my going to
the garage and inspecting it. He uncovered
the engine like a mother springs
an unveiling on a first-born in its pinklined
basket and said, "There, what do
you think of that? Thirty-five miles to
the gallon. Guaranteed."
I admired the thing, even said it added
to the beauty of the engine. Then I made
a fatal mistake. I said, "Well, check it
up. Keep account of the mileage you do
and the gas purchased and you'll know
whether it will do what is claimed for it
or not." This he couldn't understand.
lie insisted that it was guaranteed. I
tried to explain what I meant—that it
was only fair to the article and to himself
to test it—but it was beyond him. Because
somebody had guaranteed it, that
was final. He got quite vexed at me
because I differentiated between guarantee
and actual performance, and now he
barely speaks to me. I cast aspersions on
his pet mechanical love.
Probably the Ford car in its various
appearances on the road represents all
stages from zero in accessories to the
absolute zenith of mechanical additions.
You can get a Ford from the factory and
drive it any place wdiere a car can go
without the addition of a single thing.
Many owners have done so and wdll continue
to do so. I know a few owners of
flivvers who even ignore soap and water
(I mean on their car), and whose cars
give no indication of paint. These cars,
so shamefully ignored, usually perform
like faithful, healthy dogs.
I know men who have an honest-togoodness
Ford and grafted every conceivable
thing upon it hoping to make
it a super-something and have done just
that thing, although perhaps not the
something they fancied. Entire bodies.
hoods, wheels and lights are sold to
change a Ford into something else. In
fact, sometimes the chassis alone is retained.
And it is still—well you can put
a silk bonnet and crepe de chine camisole
(Continued on page 470)

432 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Potash Lye Makes a Good
Cleaner for Spark Plugs
TTHE most difficult part of a spark plug
to clean is not at the two points, but in
its inner shell where it cannot be reached
unless a special tool or wire is used to
dislodge the carbon. Many costly plugs
are broken while cleaning by crowding
a cleaning knife inside the delicate center
wire or electrode.
At the end of a day's run remove all
plugs from cylinders and prepare a mixture
by dissolving 2 tablespoonfuls of
potash lye in 1 quart of clean water.
Place the plugs in this liquid for about
24 hours. Wipe the plugs as soon as
they are taken from the solution and they
will be ready for use.
A Car That Changes
Character
LJERE is an automobile body which is
designed to serve a number of motoring
purposes. It
is applicable to
a number of
standard chassis.
The seats,
except the driving
seat, can be
taken out so
that the car becomes
a light
delivery truck.
loaded from
the rear, although
it still
presents the
appearance of
a high class
touring machine.
The upholstery is
so arranged that
it can be opened
up into one continuous
spring bed, 48 inches wide, making
a comfortable camping arrangement
for two people.
Stored in the tailboard, there is a folding
trunk which can be set up ready for
use in one minute and is large enough to
hold the luggage for four or five passengers.
Below this trunk in the rear,
there is an ice chest and several small
lockers for the storage of clothing and
small articles. The front seats can be
turned around and a folding table let
down from the roof; so that eating, reading,
card playing, etc., may be enjoyed
inside the car in unpleasant weather. A
complete outfit of side curtains, with
plate-glass windows, is concealed in a
compartment in the top of the car. The
walls are lined with wicker work to give
lightness and neatness. The top is of
the California style, finished in a high
grade imitation leather. No radical
changes are made in the changes of the
chassis, except underslinging.
Use the Engine Exhaust to
Cook Your Potatoes
1WTOTORISTS who contemplate camp-
* ing out on their fall tours will be
wise to install a cooker which can be
heated by the exhaust of the engine.
One can be fashioned out of sheet iron
which will fit around the exhaust pipe.
under the hood and close to the dash.
If rightly constructedcertain
things like
potatoes can be
put in at the
start of the
day's run and
at noon, or several
hours after
the start, they
will be well
cooked when
taken out.
An ingenious
man can construct
a heater
that will hold
liquids and
The Luggage Compartment , ., , ,
Folds Into the Body Back kee P
t h e m ,10t
when Not in Use during the run.
To Restore Hood and Fender
Finish
AUTOMOBILE fenders and hoods
which were factory finished in black,
baked enamel and wdiich have become dull
in luster, can be renewed to a high gloss
by polishing wdth a mixture of pulverized
rotten-stone and rubbing oil. The polish
should be rubbed on wdth straight, even
strokes wdth a pad of clean cheesecloth.

A Combination Airplane and
Motor Car
A FRENCH inventor, named Tampier,
has produced something which looks
like an airplane, but which at the same
time is a perfectly practical automobile.
Whether You Like Your Recreation in the Air or on
the Macadam This Machine Will Accommodate You
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
In its character of airplane, the machine
is in no way abnormal. It is a
two-seated biplane with engine and propeller
in front, crosswise controls and a
regulation landing carriage with two
wdieels. It has two engines, a little motor-car
engine for use on the road and a
300-horsepower Hispano-Suiza to drive
the propeller in the air.
For transformation into an automobile,
the wings are folded back against the
fuselage, the rudder is taken down and
folded up and a pair of front wheels are
fitted on. In this form, the machine takes
up no more room from side to side of
the road than an ordinary motor car.
Pumping Air into the Gasoline
Tank
COMETIMES, on stiff grades, the gaso-
^ line will be so low in the tank it will
not flow into the carburetor. It may be
necessary to back up the grade to keep
the engine running. One way to overcome
this difficulty is to pump air into
the tank and the pressure will force the
contents out.
Drill and tap a hole in the center of
the tank cap and thread in a small
"street" elbow. Then saw off a tire
valve about JA inch below the beginning
of the largest threads and run the die
on so as to smooth the threads at the
point where the sawdng was done.
If this cannot be done, file off the
threads at the cut so this end of the
valve will enter the elbow and then
solder.
433
Wdth this arrangement all that is necessary
is to attach the tire pump to the
valve and pump.
Taking Labor Out of Piston
Ring Work
A PISTON ring tool devised by Albert
I ; . Reed of Wapello, Iowa, enables
one to readily apply a piston ring to its
groove in the piston. The device consists
of a continuous plate of resilient
metal bent into the form of a cylinder
with ends overlapping. It carries opposite
rack bars. Spreader bars engage
these racks, the spreader bars being pivotally
attached to spaced sleeves on a rod.
The lower sleeve is threaded and engages
a threaded portion of the rod. This rod
has a knob at its upper end by which it
may be rotated to force the spreader
bars apart and thus expand the sleeve,
as the spreader bar ends engage the racks
carried by the spring sleeve. The piston
rings are mounted on the outside of the
sleeve and are thus expanded to enable
them to be seated in the channels on the
piston readily. A spring on the rod between
the knob and the top sleeve tends
Taking the Work Out of Fitting Piston Rings Is
Something Long Needed. Here Is a Device That
Does It Easily
to expand the spreader bars, and a pill
handle attached to the sleeve permits of
the spreader bars being readily contracted.

A Wire Net Holds the Running
Board Pack Securely
A VERY handy and useful luggage
carrier for an automobile can be made
in a few moments and at very small expense
out of a few feet of wdre, a dozen
small snaps and about thirty of forty feet
of common sash rope. Refer carefully to
illustration and proceed as follows:
At the edge of the fenders, at the
positions shown by the numbers, 1 to 8
inclusive, drill a 3-16 inch hole so that
the sections of rope stretched horizontally
will be parallel. Similarly drill
holes at A, B, C, and D, making these
about equidistant for the sake of the better
appearance of the finished product.
I have found that ordinary fg-inch sash
rope will answer the purpose nicely. In
each hole thus drilled insert a small
metal ring which can be made in a jiffy
with a small piece of No. 10 copper or
iron wire, twisted into the shape of a
small eye-hook or ring.
Now, from a harness goods shop get
about twelve small-sized snaps (these
will retail at about thirty cents a dozen.)
Eight of these snaps will be attached to
tin. ends of the horizontal ropes which
stretch across from one fender to the
other; the four other snaps will be
fastened to the lower end of the vertical
ropes, along the running board. Next,
tie with a stout knot the horizontal and
vertical ropes, so as to make a strong
and neat appearing net. (Caution: Give
the vertical ropes some extra length at
The Wire Net Will Carry a Surprising Amount of
Touring Luggage as Shown in the Illustration
the upper part so that you can fasten the
same to the car body or to the top bows.)
The luggage carrier, which can be
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
made for the remarkably low cost of
about one dollar, is now complete and
will be found very servicable. I will
enumerate only a few of its excellent
points—it is of light weight, about one
and a half pounds, is very quickly attachable
or detachable, will hold safely
a generously large amount of bulky bag-
Showing How the Net Is Fastened to the Car by
Snaps. It Is Extremely Easy to Remove and Occupies
Little Space
gage, it looks neat, folds compactly, and
occupies but very little room in the tool
box when folded.
Adjusting the Brakesand Clutch
on the Motor Car
Id" has been shown by test that the
1 clutch that grips too suddenly will cause
excessive wear on tires as well as put an
uncalled-for strain on the differential and
the other parts of the car. Aside from the
important consideration of comfort the
driver should, for the sake of economy,
always be careful to have his clutch engage
gradually and easily.
Oftentimes brakes will be found improperly
adjusted on a new car, but more
often it follows the taking up of the
brake bands to compensate for wear on
the lining. Unless this job is done very
carefully one band will be tighter than
the other.
Properly adjusted clutches and brakes
constitute a short cut to tire economy.
If investigation shows one brake band
gripping more tightly, the task of slowing
or stopping the car will fall on the
wheel with the tighter brake band. This
will naturally cause the rear tires to wear
unevenly so that one casing will give
much less mileage than the other.

No Other Motor Ambulance
Like This
""THE ambulance pictured is the only
one of its kind in existence. It was
designed especially for an Atlanta firm
and literally has "every modern convenience."
All it lacks to make it complete
to live in is a gas plate and a radiopbone.
It has a special Wdnton Six chassis
(more powerful that the regular Six),
is longer, broader, and somewhat higher
than the standard size ambulance, and
cost nearly $8,000—almost twice as much
as the average ambulance. It has art
glass windows, regular Pullman shades,
and gray silk curtains. The outside finish
is maroon and black with hand carved
corners. It is .fitted with Westinghouse
shock absorber, and in front of the radiator
there is an electric liberty bell gong
which sounds just like the street car, except
that it is a little louder.
The ambulance is finished inside entirely
in white tile, and the floor is of
inlaid cork. An unusual feature is a
baby bassinet complete wdth silk-covered,
down-filled mattress, pink down comfort
and pink silk-covered pillow. Two
stretchers are found in this ambulance—
an arrangement similar to the Pullman
berth, the top stretcher being let down
from the ceiling when needed. There
The Ambulance De Luxe Is Something You Would Want to Ride In—
Provided It Was Necessary. It Has Things Not Found in Other
Ambulances, as the Article Will Show
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 435
are regular limousine seats for two extra
passengers instead of just one. Built-in
thermos bottles supply hot and cold
water. There is an electric fan and a
radiator furnishing steam heat.
In the medicine chest is found all
restoratives, and emergency surgical
supplies and instruments necessary for a
minor operation. The ambulance contains
lung motors for both children and
adults. It has a dictaphone which can be
used without using the ear phone at all.
Simply by pushing a button the driver
can understand ordinary conversation
directed to him.
Building Up Bearings with
Lead
I7EW persons know that a worn bearing
can be successfully built up with
shredded lead. This is a form of lead
used by plumbers and electricians—and
is extremely pliable. It is in the form of
a thread about the thickness of a piece
of cotton bundle string.
WEen a bearing is found worn and no
means are at hand to run in a babbitt, a
small bit of this shredded lead can be
substituted as follows:
Take the bearing apart and line each
half wdth a very thin layer of shredded
lead and soak it with oil. Replace the
parts loosely and turn the
shaft several times. Then
take up on the bolts until
the bearing makes a fairly
tight running fit. Run the
shaft once more and then
take the bearing apart.
Wmerever an untouched spot
is found, fill with a trifle
more lead; and where it
evidences too great a pressure,
remove just a trifle.
Two or three trials in this
manner wdll gradually build
up a very serviceable temporary
bearing. Saturate the
lead wdth oil while running
the bearing in.
This method can be used
as a permanent job when
taking up play in automo-
bile steering-rod joints, light,
unimportant running bearings
and similar repairs.

When Royalty Takes to Motoring
By GEORGE SUTTON
IX' its motoring habits, royalty is divided
into two classes—those of extremely
simple, conservative taste and those
wdio choose the gaudiest and most luxurious
cars it is possible for the custom body
builders of Europe to produce.
ddie Prince of Wales belongs to
the former class. All his machines
are common sense vehicles
of finest workmanship with delicate,
harmonious colors and practical,
inconspicuous fittings and
accessories.
In his recent trip to India the
Prince of Wales was accompanied
by a fleet consisting of two limousines
and ten touring cars of
standard British manufacture.
The limousines are painted in
royal blue with upholstery in
grey Bedford
cord cloth.
Nine of the
touring cars
are battleship
grey with fawn
hide upholstery.
All of
the sars for the
Indian trip
c a r r i e fl the
Prince's crest
in colors on the
tonneau doors.
The Crown
Prince of Rumania,
on the
other hand, goes in for automobiles of
loud design and the most ornate color
schemes and decorations. The exterior
of the Prince of Rumania's brougham is.
in design, an example of accepted automobile
styles. Its colors, however, are
extremely vivid. The interior is upholstered
in bright whipcord with the
seats, door panels, auxiliary seats and
other fittings done in specially woven
tapestry edged with silk tassels and gilt
moldings. This molding also outlines all
the windows, while the auxiliary seats,
toilet articles, etc., are concealed in cabinets
of elaborate inlaid work,
JR
Probably the most spectacular automobiles
in the world are those built for various
Indian potentates. Illustrated here,
for instance, is a sedan-limousine built
by a well known London custom body
The Illustrations
Show the Most Luxurious
Body It Is
Possible to Manufacture
for a Motor
Car. Glance at the
Upholstery and Inlay
Work and Then
Imagine the Time
and Money Spent
to Obtain These
Gorgeous Effects.
$37,000 Would be
a Comfortable Fortune
for Any of Us
maker for Sir Hukumchand Sarutchand,
an Indian nobleman. This car would
stop traffic on any street in the word
because the entire body, chassis, radiator.
drip pan, transmission, axles and wheels
are finished in pure gold leaf. The upholstery
is in brilliant silk tapestry with
fittings of satinwood inlaid with copper.
Hardly less sensational is the new
limousine built for the Emperor and
Empress of Japan at a cost of $37,500.
The King of Spain is one of the most
ardent of motoring royalties. He drives
his own cars, as a rule, and is fond of
great speed.

The "Man-of-All -Work" Circus Tractor
How It Has Replaced the Horse for Heavy Duty Work
ENTERPRISING
circus managers
are discovering
that ordinary farm
tractors can be made to
perform the work of
from eight to ten
horses each in all
activities connected
with moving and arranging
tents, wagons,
and other circus
equipment. The tractor
is proving useful,
too, in operating ferris
wheels, aerial
swings, and other attractions
of carnivals.
The use of horses
in connection with
circuses has always
presented a difficult
problem. It require^
a large force of men
to feed them and care
for them; their harnesses,
trappings and
food run into large
expense ; they require
the erection of special
tents for protection
On the Job Operating a Ferris Wheel. One of
the Many Things the Tractor Is Called Upon
to Do
against bad weather ; am their transpor- pliant is to have
tation from town to
town is always a matter
of worry and outlay.
The tractor needs
no food when not in
actual use ; it occupies
little room in freight
cars or tents; it is
always ready for immediate
use in hauling
wagons, driving
pulling stakes, and
transporting supplies :
and allows a very material
decrease in the
circus personnel and
payroll.
Wdien the circus
comes to your town
go out on the lot and
watch them set up the
tents. Even the elephant,
that beast of
heavy work, has given
way to the tractor who
goes about its job wdth
a thoroughness not
shown by dumb animals.
Tbe tractor has
come to stay in the
circus and the elean
easier life.
Illustrations Show a Tractor in Circus Service and Another Running a Carnival Ferris Wheel At a Faster
Rate Than Its Own Gasoline Motor, Which Had Stripped Its Bearings
437

How Steep Is the Hill?
By J. H. F R E E M A N
T H E per cent of grade is the rise in
100 feet horizontal. On an 8 per cent
grade, wdiich is about the steepest
allowed on state roads, the rise is 8 feet
in a hundred, or 423 feet in a mile, and
the slope is 4 degrees and 35 minutes
from the horizontal. (See Fig. 1.) A
10 per cent grade gets you up 531 feet
in a mile. There are still many roads
with hills as steep as 20 per cent for
short distances. A continual 20 per cent
would rise 1,056 feet in a mile, and the
slope would be 11 degrees and 18 minutes.
Few automobiles can make a 25 per
cent grade of any great length.
Roughly speaking, the per cent of
grade is twice as much in feet as the
slope is in degrees.
A 100 per cent grade is a slope of 45
degrees, and is too steep for loose dirt to
stay on. It is a one to one slope.
A 70 per cent grade would be so steep
that loose sand would slide down it. The
slope would be 35 degrees, and the distance
on the slope would be 122 feet for
each 100 feet horizontal. This is the
slope which loose dirt naturally takes
when thrown over a dump. Some soils
and broken rock will pile up steeper, and
the slope at wdiich they wdll remain is
called the angle of repose.
Anyone can make a cheap clinometer
for the car, wdiich
will show the grade
at all times, whether
up or down.
On a cardboard
mark a vertical line
10 inches from top
to bottom and, on
a horizontal line
crossing it at the
bottom, mark off
three inches on
each side in inches
and tenths of inches,
as shown in
Fig. 2. At top
hang by a pivot a
plumb reaching to
the bottom line. A
118
straight steel corset stay makes a
good plumb. Fasten the card on the side
of your car so that the plumb will point to
zero when the car stands level. Now
when driving, if the plumb points to the
1-inch mark, you will know that you are
on a 10 per cent grade ; if at 2 inches a 20
per cent grade; if at *^> inch, wdiich is
five-tenths, the grade will be 5 per cent.
Fach tenth of an inch is 1 per cent in
grade.
The card may be made any size desired,
but the proportions must be kept
as above. Each mark on the scale must
be one hundredth of the height, to register
a 1 per cent grade.
No one can judge accurately the grade
of hills by the eye, as the slope of the
surroundings is sure to influence the
judgment. In traveling up a valley,
sometimes an additional grade which
looks insignificant wdll stall the car, while
in going down the vallev a level stretch
will look like a hill.
At Leadville a ditch carried water from
a swift-flowing stream a half mile along
a hillside to a table-land. The ditch was
abandoned as a waterway and later used
as a road. Of course it was upgrade
from the mesa to the creek in the valley,
but as the valley and the mesa had about
the same slope, which was much steeper
than the ditch, it looked for all the world
like there was a
steep descent along
the ditch-road from
the mesa to the
creek. So deceptive
was it that many
drivers would apply
the brakes when
leaving the mesa
for the creek
though traveling
up-grade.
It was just such
cases as this one
which gave rise to
the widely spread
saying that water
runs uphill in many
places in Colorado.

The Latest in Accessory Equipment
If you drop a nut or bolt down into the crank
case or mud pan it is an extremely hard matter
to locate and get it
out again. But in­
accessible places such
as these are easily made
accessible with the
Sure-Get-'Em Magnet
which will pick up
that lost part instantly
Provided with an adjustable
base this automatic
stop signal may
be mounted on the
fender or elsewhere in
the rear of the car
If you like an immaculate
car this easilyemptied
ash receiver will
help make it so
Meet Moo Doo a little image that
kills whatever pet jinx you happen
to own. She—er—it ties
to the wheel
This tire valve has
neither springs nor
rubber gaskets and
does not depend
upon back pressure
but locks by
mechanical means
Here is a combinationtaillight,
number
plate and stop
signal. The
word "STOP"
rises from be-
.ind the license
plate
Air is the all absorbing
medium of this shock
absorber in which a single
piston compresses the
air and prevents road
shocks from reaching the
car body
Transferring gasoline from one
tank to another is the purpose
of this accessory. What a handy
thing to have on the road
For the garage comes this extension
ratchet wrench set which reaches places
that are inaccessible to ordinary
wrenches
439

An All Purpose Water Float
By L B
THERE is something very attractive
about a raft, but a float of the dimension
shown is indeed unusual.
It is a means toward both profit and pleasure,
and it can be readily made at a comparatively
small cost. A float of this
kind will provide one of the most interesting
features at a summer resort
and will, without fail, be in constant
demand, d'his float is made to carry
from ten to fifteen people. It can be
R O B B I N S
vas canopy roof, which will add great
to the comfort of those on board, can
be attached to this float.
Those who wish to go bathing will
appreciate the advantage of a float, for
when there are plenty of mosquitoes on
the shore in the evening they will be
absent out on the lake.
The inner side of one of two scows
is shown in Fig. 1. These scows are
drums that hold up the floor and float
M ''Mfll
FIS.2.
After the Float Has Served Its Summer Purposes It Can Be Pulled Into the Reeds Behind
the Blind and Will Be Found an Excellent Platform for Duck Shooting
pulled across the waters by means of
boat provided with a small mot
can be pulled by two hand-
1 rowboats. If the objective
is som fishing spot in the lake it can
be pulled out to a sandbar near deep
water and anchored. Everybody on
board can fish at ease.
This float should be provided with a
railing around the sides and ends. This
railing can be made of upright pieces
of 2- by 4-inch material and strips of
board neatly cut, planed and securely
nailed. Often during the heat of the
day when fish are not biting inshore
they r will seek the shadow of the float.
The baited hooks will be an attraction
to them and good fishing at any time
of the day will be the result. A can-
440
it. The one shown is 18 inches in
depth and is composed of 10-inch and
8-inch planks which form the whole,
one seated on top of the other. The
dotted lines denote where the bolts go
through from the bottom. The bolts
consist of 3^-inch carriage or machine
bolts as shown at A. The inset B shows
this capped bolt with a washer to fit it
in countersunk so that the bolt cap is
flush with the top of the plank edge.
The floor is placed on this and sealed
tight. A strong nut is threaded on and
countersunk at the bottom in the same
way. The inset C shows the two edges
of these planks, which are beveled before
they r are joined together. This
bevel need not be more than *4 i ncn
in width. The seam is corked, using

inder twine well tarred and worked in
with a dull chisel. In the end the seam
may be gone over with a coat of tar
along with the whole drum to waterproof
it. Note that three upright pieces
are placed along the inside of this affair,
which will help to keep it tight
and sound. Instead of nailing, use
screws.
Observe the slant given the ends of
each scow. The length of each scow
is 16 feet and the width is 12 feet. The
plan view is shown in Fig. 2. The bottom
and tops of these scows are composed
of dressed and matched lumber,
which should be of the best material
and free from knots. Use very thick
white lead paint along the grooves.
W hen the whole scow is covered it is
really an air chamber, or drum. The
pieces marked D are 2- by 6-inch material.
The lengthwise material consists
of five good sound pieces of 2- by
4-inch wood. The crosspieces F and G
are 2- by 4-inch material on which the
lengthwise pieces rest. All four crosspieces
must be firmly nailed in place
and braced. The cross boards that
make the floor should be selected from
the best grade pine. When completed
the scows should be well tarred.
Which Key Do You Use Most?
The key ring here illustrated is different
from those which have preceded it
in that it has a special extra loop to hold
the most-used key.
Among the set of
keys which every
person carries is
always one which
is used oftenest
and the idea of the
inventor was to
facilitate the finding
of that key.
Instead of being
groped for and
searched out, the
One key which is The Simplicity of This Dou-
Called for Oftenest ble Feature Makes the Ring
, Unusual
is always separated
and, therefore, it is easily found.
An added feature is easy insertion of
keys onto the ring, for, instead of trying
to prv the close ends of the wire apart.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 441
BETWEEN
6ECAU 5E Of NOTCH
the key can be inserted by slipping the
head into the notch and then sliding it
between the wire so as to catch and pick
up the end easily and then be slipped
completely onto the ring.
A Circulating Hot-Air Furnace
If the air passing through a furnace
can be circulated faster around the cylindrical
drum or past the vertical fire-tubes
of the furnace interior, more of the
The Circulation of Air Is Kept Up as Long as Heat
Is Generated in the Fire Box
thermal heat-units will be carried to the
rooms to be heated. These extra units
instead of passing out through the chimney
will add their comfort to the interior
of the house.
A number of schemes to take care of
this have been advanced, such as having
a gasoline engine drive a bellows to force
the air up, and other schemes of a like
nature, but a very simple and effective
means is to install an electric fan in the
intake duct to the furnace. It should be
installed at the central portion of the duct
and so placed that it can be removed, if
desired, by opening a hinged sheet-iron
floor. This door will also provide access
for oiling and inspection and for removing
the fan so that it may be used around
the home during the hot summer days.
The fan, when installed at its place in
the intake duct, wdll circulate the air more
rapidly and wdll thus drive the heat units
in greater numbers into the rooms. It
will effect a more constant temperature
and will result in getting more heat from
a given amount of coal. Electric companies
estimate the cost of driving an
electric fan at one to two cents an hour.
Cheap, eh, for giving us a more comfortable
feeling when the cold winter blasts
are whistling around the house.

442 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Cementing Glass to Brass
An old formula for fastening glass to
brass is given as follows :
Mix three parts of resin with one part
of ca-ustic soda and five parts of water.
Stir well until the mixture presents a
thick, soapy appearance. Mix with half
its weight of plaster-of-Paris.
This is used by camera manufacturers
in cementing brass parts to ground glass,
lens fixtures, etc., wdth good results.
Has Your Chair a Reading Lamp?
More time is now being spent indoors
and the evening now comes in upon us
sooner. If we settle in our comfy chair
and take up our magazine to read, the
light is rather dim. In order to read,
we are forced to forego our customary
siesta, after supper in the arms of our
favorite easy chair, and instead, we are
obliged to sit in a stiff position under the
bright light of the central fixture of the
room. We long for our comfortable
chair, with the light coming over our
shoulder in just the proper manner and,
as a consequence, we get busy and rig
up the following arrangement.
First, we obtain an adjustable bracket,
such as is used for some electric wall
Attached to That Easy Chair a Reading Light Will
Make Illustrated World More Enjoyable
fixtures. To the end of this we attach
an electric socket and on that, a semispherical
shade which we purchase at a
store handling electrical goods. While
at the store we also buy about twenty
feet of green lamp cord and a socketplug.
The latter we connect to the light
fixture and we string the cord in the
direction of our favorite chair. To the
side or back of the chair we fit the adjustable
bracket which has the lamp-socket
and shade. Into the socket we screw a
lamp-bulb, throw on the switch, and lo!
We have it! Luxuriously we settle back
in the humanely hospitable arms of the
restful chair and proceed happily with
our reading.
When the Eave Trough Leaks
Now and then an eave trough on the
house will spring a leak. If it is not
convenient, for any one of a number of
reasons, to have a tinsmith repair it at
A Canvas Patch Along with a Heavy Coat of Paint
Will Make the Trough Leakproof
once, it can be repaired by soaking a
strip of canvas in paint and laying that
over the hole or leak. If the trough
be first cleaned out and given a good
heavy coat of paint on the inside where
the wet-painted canvas patch is to be put.
the patch will adhere better and will
make an absolutely waterproof repair.
If repainted every six months, it will last
as long as, or longer than the trough
itself.
Finishing Wooden Radio Panels
Hard rubber, fibre, or composition
panels are very fine for radio sets, but
for the novice who hasn't learned just
what type of set is fitted to his needs.
they are both expensive and difficult to
work. The cheapest and in many ways
the best material is a close-grained wood.
preferably maple. This is easily drilled,
is hard enough to be long wearing, and
takes a beautiful finish.
The simplest and most effective finish
is secured by giving the wood a coat of
black shellac, and when dry, rubbing it
down with pumice and oil, then varnishing
it, finally apply a dull varnish.

Emergency Repair of a Bursted
Water Pipe
There is nothing more disagreeable
than to have a water pipe burst on a holiday,
when no plumber can be got to make
repairs. A number of years ago, a water
pipe in a boarding house split lengthwise
during a cold spell, leaving the
You Can Make Temporary Repairs to That Bursted
Water Pipe While Waiting Your Turn for the Plumber
boarding-house mistress in a frantic state
of mind, for she had eleven boarders
and needed a great deal of water for
culinary and other purposes.
I was called upon to see if I could
make any emergency repairs so that
"business could be done as is usual in
well-regulated boarding houses." On
examination of the pipe in the cellar, I
found that the split portion was about 1
inch long. I had been experimenting
with some litharge and glycerine on making
a storage battery plate and decided
to try some of this mixture on the crack,
as nothing else was at hand to effect a
repair. Mixing up a small amount of
this litharge and glycerine to the consistency
of syrup, I applied it to the crack
with an old table knife; forcing it well
in. The outside of the pipe on the right
and left sides of the split part as well
as on the top was given a coating, then
a strip of muslin was wound tightly over
it, the cloth being held in place by a layer
of twine. It w^as then left to set for
one hour.
When the water was turned on, it was
found that water-tight repair had been
made which lasted more than a week,
until a plumber was called in to replace
it with a new piece of pipe. As a general
rule, this putty sets very quickly. It
should be mixed only in a sufficient quantity
as needed in order to avoid waste.
I allowed one hour's time for the setting
before turning on the water, as I thought
that the dampness inside of the pipe
might hinder its setting. Litharge should
be bought as finely powdered as possible.
Householders should always keep a supply
of litharge and glycerine in their homes ;
it comes in handy for emergency repair
work.
Those who live in the country and wdio
are forced to use kerosene lamps having
glass bodies will find the litharge and
glycerine mixture to be fine for fastening
the brass burner ferrule to the glass lamp
fount, as the plaster of paris cement
softens and breaks under action of the
oil. The mixture is also satisfactory for
uniting an umbrella handle onto its rods,
because it makes a waterproof joint that
can be depended on.
Quick-Releasing, Non-Rattling Hasp
A quick-releasing hasp can be made
by fastening a coil spring to the center
of the swinging part and to the last
screw of the permanently fixed portion.
The spring should be of such tension that
when it closes it will draw the swinging
With the Spring Attached the Door Will Never Be
Able to Slam on the Hasp Thus Avoiding the Trouble
of Straightening It
part of the hasp out of the way of the
door to be opened. With this attachment
the door wdll never have the chance
to slam on the hasp and bend it, nor
will it be necessary to go through so
many motions wdien removing the lock
from the staple.
Another feature, especially desired on
automobiles, is that, with the padlock in
place, the hasp will not rattle when it is
locked.

444 ILLUSTRATED WUKLU
Cross Section of Inner Tube Aids in
Replacing Engine Head
When the engine heads of some cars
are removed for the cleaning out of
carbon, the owners often experience difficulty
in replacing because the two rear
bolts must be inserted before the head is
lowered into position. Unless the work
is conducted carefully, or with the aid of
an assistant, the bolts are apt to drop
down so that they extend below the head
and displace the gasket.
This trouble may be obviated by the
use of a rubber band made from a cross
section of inner tube.
When the engine head is ready to replace,
insert the two bolts and slip the
rubber band over them to prevent them
from dropping down. When the holes
are in line for the other bolts, remove
the rubber band and proceed with the
work.
Hot Water Whenever Needed
Convenience, cheapness, and simplicity
are the factors in this device, the object
of which is to furnish the home with hot
water at all times, even during hours
when all fires have been extinguished.
Use a barrel or keg of any dimensions,
according to your needs for the outer
tank, and a smaller keg or metal tank of
any shape for the inside or water-holding
receptacle. The outer barrel does not
have to be water-tight—just so it will
hold the packing securely. Place from
two to four inches of excelsior, sawdust,
or other packing (dry wheat bran is best
of all), in the bottom of the outer barrel.
and pack it down very firmly. Then
place the inside tank in position, with
holes at top and bottom corresponding
to holes of the same size in the outer
tank. Run a small pipe through both
holes (outer and inner tank) at the bottom,
making certain that the end of the
pipe fits tighly into the hole in the inner
tank so that no water can leak out. Run
a pipe to the stove or other sort of heater,
then, either by bending the pipe or by
using fittings, make a coil to fit over or
around the burner in such a manner as
not to interfere wdth cooking, as shown
in the illustration. Then, if a gas or
gasoline stove is used, extend on to the
next burner.
The diagram clearly explains all this,
also the rest of the process, which is to
run the pipe in any convenient shape
back into the barrel and inside tank, in
the same manner as at the bottom, only
this end should enter the double tank
near the top. Let the joint in the inner
tank be perfectly tight.
Now pack the space between the outer
and inner tanks firmly with excelsior,
sawdust, or, preferably bran. The inner
tank should be several inches shorter
than the outer one. Three or four inches
should be the space between the top of
the inner and outer tanks. Make a
This Heater Acts As a Fireless Cooker After the
Fires are Extinguished and Will Keep Water Hot a
Long Time
lid of wood to fit the outer tank, with
other thicknesses of wood to fit down
tightly into the inner tank. Bran, packed
in cloth sacks or other such containers,
should be packed around the mouth of
the inner tank to the top of the outer
one—in such manner as not to interfere
with closing down the top.
A faucet should be inserted on a watertight
connection with the inner tank.
Thus, the water poured into the inner
tank will circulate from the bottom
through the heat, and back into the tank
at the top, thus heating the water thoroughly
while cooking, etc., is being
attended to, without any extra use of fuel.
And when the fires are turned out, he
heater acts as a fireless cooker and keeps
the water hot for many hours. It is not
only very convenient, but conserves fuel
as well.

The Oil Stove as a Heating Plant
T H E R E are many days in the year
when the oil stove is called upon for
heat and comfort, with chilly and expensive
results even though a lot of radiating
junk is piled over the top. Except
during real winter weather, one burner
should generate enough heat for a room
if the combustion is properly utilized and
distributed.
The heating accessory illustrated is a
simple homemade affair, but anyone
familiar with an incubator heater will
realize the volume of hot air circulated.
This is a good pipeless furnace, too.
There are three main parts—chimney,
casing and oven top—easily fitted to any
style of stove. Combustion is perfect and
the working parts are detachable and
easily assembled.
The cylindrical chimney, shown by the
cutaway casing, is 13 inches long and sets
on the burner in place of the regular one.
A 5-inch stovepipe may fit your burner.
If it doesn't, make one of tin or stovepipe
material. Cut out a 2-inch square U_
inches from what is to be the bottom,
and slit back opposite sides jXinch to
hold a piece of mica 2^_ by 3 inches.
A similar peephole must be fitted in
the casing, an 18-inch length of stovepipe
8-inch size. Center the chimney in this
casing wdth bottoms even and secure with
2 by 4-inch pieces of sheet steel bent
U-sbaped and riveted—three of them
around the top of the chimney, and three
at the bottom.
A 6-inch funnel, a 90-degree elbow
pipe, a 90-degree elbow with a 4-inch
wdth a 4-inch nipple and */_-inch size black
gaspipe completes the chimney. Cutoff
all but 11 inches of the funnel spout
and connect the parts with funnel
setting over the chimney top and the
end of the nipple projecting through a
cut-out of the top edge of the casing.
A cut-out must also be made in the 8inch
elbow-oven, for a fairly tight
connection.
Make the oven bottom of sheet steel,
using a piece 7*/_ inches wide fitted horizontally
in the elbow and extending to
within 2 inches of the front. Support
this wdth heavy wire "joists," such as
bails, and clinch the >_-inch ends outside.
This Type of Heater Over the Oil Stove Will Do the
Trick as Well as Expensive Apparatus
The oven door is a pail cover with a
2-inch ventilating hole cut near the rim.
For adjustment of this opening, cut out a
paddle-shaped piece of sbeet steel and attach
wdth a stove bolt or rivet securely.
This ventilator should be at the top when
the oven is in use. To obtain a roomful
of heat, remove the cover.
There is a certain type of burner for
wdiich the chimney must be slightly ventilated
by placing several cut-outs not over
34-inch in size around the top under the
rim of the funnel. If the griddle should
be larger than the 8-inch size, the "play"
can be taken up with three or four sheet
steel clips, as shown, riveted around the
casing.
445

446
Aerial Ball Needs Skill
Aerial ball is a game played by all
people who are sports and who go to
fairs and carnivals and match their skill
against that of the fakirs in charge. Most
Aerial Ball Will Demand
Your Utmost
Skill. Better Be Prepared
for the Fair
Next Year
of these carnival games are crooked, and
so is aerial ball if one allows the fakir to
set the pin.
A bowling ball is suspended from a
screw overhead, hanging on a piece of
string. Immediately below the center of
rest is placed a nail or steel pin which
is to center the tenpin. The bottom of
the pin is drilled to set over this pin.
The faking enters the game in the manner
of setting the tenpin over the pin.
This hole is drilled purposely large,
and when the fakir positions the tenpin
over this center pin, he takes advantage
of the lost motion. If he set the tenpin
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
to the right of the center, you lose every
time. If you dare place it yourself and
set it to the left you can win if you
shoot steady. If set dead central fair to
every one, skill of the highest order is
required.
When playing the game you are told
to swing the ball just so that it misses
the pin as it goes past, and in no case
dare your hand pass the pin when pushing
or shooting the ball.
As every student of physics will very
readily see, if the pin is set dead central,
your only chance of knocking over the
tenpin lies in the use of trickery on the
part of the shooter. Holding the ball
on an angle, as shown, will help you to
do the trick.
How to Prevent Shellac from
Evaporating
To prevent the shellac supply from
evaporating would at first appear simple.
It is a fact, however, that most places
using large quantities of shellac buy it in
large containers. Therefore much of it
dries up while the container is open or
else is wasted in transferring to a can or
open receptacle. Also, in an open pail,
the alcohol will quickly evaporate. This
occurs to such an extent that in using a
gallon of shellac, at least a quart of extra
alcohol will be required for thinning to
make up for the evaporation as the workman
proceeds with bis open can.
One way is for the workman to keep
the shellac in a shallow dish wdiich holds
only a small quantity of shellac. True, it
will need filling oftener, but on the other
hand it will be exposed a much shorter
time to the air than if allowed to stand
exposed to the air in large quantities in
a larger receptacle. In other words, the
larger the receptacle worked with, the
more alcohol is wasted.
Another way is to get a number of
empty bottles at the shoe stand. Wash
out the blacking with boiling water and
thoroughly clean the dauber attached to
the cork. Fill the bottles with shellac
and reinsert the daubers. These bottles
make very handy containers. The dauber
can be used exactlv as it is used with
blacking and for small jobs, such as garage
work and daubing knots in wood
preparatory to painting, is ideal.

After the Circus
W H E N the circus moves grandly
along its route, the wonderful
thing is not the "stupendous
aggregation of monster shows" or the
"entirely new street parade" or the
"world's greatest congress of living
curios." Instead, it is Sonny. F"or
weeks before the circus comes he is too
good to live and for weeks afterward too
daringly acrobatic.
You don't so much mind
when wings threaten to
sprout on Sonny, but this
board-fence tight-rope
walking, this aerial monkeyshining—oh,
saints preserve
us! A hundred times
a day it brings your heart
into your mouth. Needlessly,
one may add. For there
happens to be a safe and
sane outlet for Sonny's
Darwinian aspirations—an
outlet Tarzan himself
would have prized—namely
the horizontal bar.
Open the classified telephone
directory, call up a
dealer in playground apparatus,
and within a surprisingly short
space of time Sonny wdll be swinging in
imaginary spangles and green tights,
dangling like a jungle ape, and doing
nine-and-twenty soul-satisfying stunts,
which, viewed from across the way, speak
for themselves and save him the bother
of shouting as of yore, "oh. Skinny,
c'mon over!"
P>ut a properly constructed horizontal
bar entails something of a bill if
you get it from a dealer and pay to
have it set up, and that is why we have
issued plans and specifications for a
horizontal bar which any handy man
about the yard can call into being and
which any impecunious playground
can afford, granted only that some enthusiast
supplies the wits and the
muscle to carry out directions. Here
they are:
Provide yourself with a galvanized
iron pipe six feet long and an inch and
a quarter thick. Also, provide two
posts—of strong wood, naturally—and
Boy, Won't This Develop Your
Shoulder Muscles and Make
You Feel Fit
ten feet tall by four inches square. At
points two inches from each end of
the galvanized iron bar, drill holes fiveeighths
of an inch across. Then, six
inches below the top of each post, bore
a hole an inch and a quarter across.
After that has been accomplished, bore
a new hole intersecting this at right
angles (the two holes must cross in
the center without unevenness
) and measuring a halfinch
in diameter.
It sounds elaborate, all
this fuss about perfection
in a thing as simple as a
horizontal bar, and yet
strength and security are
the object, and any circus
actor wdll tell you that,
while he never distrusts his
skill, he lives in constant
terror lest something may
go wrong with his apparatus.
Better safe than sorry.
After making sure that
the bar and posts comply
with the details of the drawing,
you rig two pits, three
feet deep and about ten
inches square and far enough apart so
that the space between posts will measure
exactly five feet and four inches.
Into these pits you spill six inches
of concrete, made by taking a shovelful
of Portland cement, two shovelfuls
of sand, and four shovelfuls of gravel,
and mixing wdth water. Then, you set
the posts upright in the pits, careful
to have them the stipulated five feet
and four inches apart and to have the
large holes near their tops exactlyfacing
each other and—still more important,
if anything—to have these
large holes at exactly the same height
from the level ground, as otherwdse the
bar will not be horizontal.
You are now ready to slip the bar
through the two large holes. As soon
as it is in place, you secure it by poking
carriage bolts through the small holes
in the posts. A carriage bolt four and
a half inches long and half an inch
thick is the right size. And the bolts
not only go through the posts, but also,
4*1

44S ILLUSTRATED WORLD
thanks to the holes you bored in it,
through the bar itself. Now you pour
in the concrete to fill the space around
the posts.
At this point it is advisable either
to chloroform Sonny or to clap him in
If Darwin Is Right About Our Ancestors, the Boy's
Love of Swinging by His Arms Must Be a "Hold-
Over" from Our Jungle Days. Give Him a Bar—
and He's Happy
irons. Left at liberty, he will instantly
begin turning himself around the bar
like a demented cruller. Restrain him,
and give the concrete two full days to
harden.
The plans and specifications are not
dictatorial. If you prefer to get along
wdthout concrete, and use bricks and
stones at top and bottom of the pits to
brace the posts, well, so be it; only.
in that case you must stamp the ground
down firmly around them.
After the posts and bar are securelyset,
you can improve on perfection by
drilling additional holes in the posts, at
intervals of six inches, to within four
feet of the ground. That makes the
bar adjustable to various heights, so
that the smaller small boys can perform
on it and the big ones vault it.
Survey your handiwork. If any
doubt remains as to its importance or
your own, the doubt will soon enough
be dispelled by Sonny's grin.
Keeping the Oil-Can Clean
Practically every car is equipped with
an oil can which is snapped into a holder
fastened under the hood. After several
miles of driving, the can becomes coated
with a layer of grime which, when one
uses the can, transmits itself to the hands.
Naturally there is some repugnance to
using the oil can often under such circumstances
and as a result the car is
likely to suffer.
If the can and clip be enclosed in a
wooden or sheet iron box wdth a hinged
lid, the can will be kept clean. A special
compartment might be made in the box
to carry a 'clean cloth which will be always
at hand to remove the last trace of
oil from the driver's hands. In this way
the car will always receive the care due
it and the owner-driver will present that
unsoiled look which gives a definite assurance
of his car's dependability.
Light Your Garage from the House
When Hubby drives up to the front
of the house and lets his wife out of
the sedan she, wdiile the car is in process
of going up the driveway and approaching
the garage, fulfills her part of their
smoothly-working partnership by entering
the house and pressing the garage
switch located near the rear door. A
moment before Hubby reaches the garage
the light is thus switched on and he,
inspired by the bright greeting, rather
enjoys putting the car into its over-night
berth. With plenty of light to see what
he is doing he closes the door of the
0 o
No More Barking Your Head or Shins in the Dark
if You Adopt This System
garage, locks up, and proceeds to the
rear entrance of the house wdiere he enters
and switches off the garage light,
thus completing the evening's outing in
a pleasant, efficient and everyone-satisfying
manner.

An Economical Little Bungalow
A L T H O U G H quite inexpensive to
build, as present building costs run,
the little bungalow illustrated herewith
constitutes, nevertheless, a very
charming little home. Its plan, as will be
observed, dispenses
with the usual dining
room, and provides,
instead, a
delightful breakfast
alcove and an unusually
large living
room. The latter is,
of course, expected
to serve for dining
purposes also.
Large bedroom
closets comprise another
very appreciable
feature of
the plan. Furthermore,
the little
house possesses an
excellent basement,
and is arranged for
furnace heat.
A quite enhancing
feature of the
front is the special
little entrance
porch of lattice and
By CHARLES A L M A BYERS
trellis design, with a flooring of cement
edged with brick. The front door itself
is of glass, and the windows of the front
and of the living room side are of the
casement kind. Th e outside walls are finished
wdth ordinary
siding, and, including
the greater
part of the trimming
material, are
painted light gray.
The window sash,
however, are in dull
green, and dull
green shutters are
also used at the
windows. The roof
is shingled and
painted grayish
green, and the
chimney, as will be
noted, is constructed
of brick. The
foundation, as well
as the basement
walls and floor, is
of concrete.
The interior finish
is of pine woodwo
r k throughout
the house.
449

The Huge Speedway Was Built In a Surprisingly Short Time
Building the Kansas City Speedway Un
Difficulties in Record Time
T H E building of speedways for automobile
racing usually does not entail
any engineering or architectural difficulties.
However, in constructing what
the builders claim will be the world's fastest
track at Kansas City, engineering and
architectural problems were encountered
which added a great deal to the problems
of erecting the huge track according
to the original specifications within the
time scheduled for the opening of the
first meeting. Kansas City and its surrounding
territory is noted for its hills,
hence it was impossible to secure a site
large enough to erect the one-half million
dollar speedway. The track is one
and one-quarter miles in circumference
and is built for a speed of one hundred
and twenty miles per hour.
The site of the new speedway comprises
one hundred and ninety-two acres.
A large hill had to be taken away and
a deep ravine through which a creek
ran presented considerable difficulty. The
fact that in most of the entire acreage
water was encountered five feet below
the surface gave considerable trouble in
finding a solid foundation for the track
itself and the grand stands and tunnels.
450
The tunnels are of concrete and steel
construction made in such a manner as
to carry- the track itself and the safety
zone and permit entrance and exit of
motor cars to and from the infield.
The ravine, after the course of the
creek had been changed, was one hundred
feet wide and twenty-five feet deep
at the point where the track crossed it.
This was cleaned with a steam shovel
and a bridge erected of concrete and
steel to carry the track, with a span
of one hundred and twenty-five feet.
The bridge is ninety feet wide and carries
the 50-foot track and the 40-foot
safety zone. The bridge was erected in
such a manner that the ravine acted as a
natural tunnel under the track to the
infield. The tunnels are all tiled because
the seepage of the water so close to the
surface was so great. Ten by ten sump
pumps were installed in the tunnels,
pumping four hundred and eighty gallons
of water per minute wdth a 24-hp.
motor. The water collecting in the tunnels
automatically causes the pumps to
begin operation and the water is pumped
into a discharge line wdiich empties into a
near-by creek.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 451
Fifteen Thousand Cars Can Be Parked Inside the Inclosure
The track is fifty feet wide and banked
the entire distance of one and one-quarter
miles from a 7 degree angle to 40 degrees
on the curves. It is built entirely of
southern pine and is twenty-five feet
high on the curves. Four million feet of
lumber were used in the construction and
one thousand kegs of nails and seven
hundred tons of steel.
The grand stand and bleachers are of
steel construction, each seating approximately
seventeen thousand persons.
They are built on opposite sides of the
track and both stands are eight hundred
feet long. The highest seat in the stands
is eighty feet above the track level. Five
Roscoe Sarles, One of the
Finest and Cleanest Race
Drivers We Ever Knew
hundred men were required on the job
and each stand was completed in just
seven days' time, the men being used ouly
on one day shift.
A one mile dirt track for horse racing
was also built within the speedway. A
forty foot safety zone with eight inch
creosoted oak posts protects the spectators.
The electrical timing and score board
arrangement are exact duplicates of those
used on the Los Angeles speedway, they
being the only two in the country. The
infield provides parking space for about
five thousand automobiles from wdiere
the races can be viewed.
AS WE GO TO PRESS
Death and his first lieutenant, Jinx, dedicated the new
board speedway at Kansas City, Mo., on September
17. Roscoe Sarles, prince of heavy-footers, in his last
race before he quit the game for good, is no more. In
trying to dodge a wheel thrown by Eddie Hearne's
hurtling car he crashed into De Paolo. And this was
only one of three bad accidents. It wasn't the fault of
the track, but the high speed with which the boys
punished their mounts. Wheels and axles cracked
under the strain. Nine men were injured, some perhaps
fatally. Tommy Milton, the winner, finished
barely 100 feet ahead of Harry Hartz. Two hundred
and forty times around the track in 2 hours and 47
minutes ! It was a thrilling and hard fought race.

452 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vanishin g Forests
(Continued j rem Page 383)
shoots from the main stump after the
tree is cut. These grow around the
stump in the form of a circle. There
may be four times as many as can grow
well crowded together. Then a growth
of brush springs up which in time becomes
so thick that only animals can
force their way through. The accumulated
mass of dry limbs and underbrush
invites a fire which sweeps all before it.
The brush again grows up thicker than
before and the burning process is repeated.
Thus, under natural conditions
there is little to be expected from this
second growth. Isolated cases will show
a tree standing apart in a clearing that
has in fifty years time attained a diameter
of two feet.
Nothwithstanding the correctness of
the foregoing statements, it must be borne
in mind that in northern California, Oregon,
Washington and Alaska there are
yet vast bodies of timber. The forest
lands of the Pacific coast may be roughly
divided into three sections. First, those
easy of access along the coast, adjacent
to towns or handy to the railroads, which,
so far as forests are concerned at the
present time, are wiped clean. Second,
iarge areas now in process of elimination
where the mill man will tell you that
within two, four or perhaps ten years,
the whole area will be cleaned up. And
third, those large forest areas which are
yet untouched.
We know what has been done in the
past; we can see what is being done now,
and it need not be difficult to make an accurate
guess as to what will surely happen
in the not distant future should things
continue along in the same old way.
Government control of all these cutover
lands, encouragement of the grow r come. But, with the whole world reaching
out and grasping for what yet remains,
it's only a question of time until
the "remains" will make a mighty poor
showing.
A brighter side to the question is presented,
however, when we note the increasing
number of national forest preserves
; the experimental stations where
replanting and care of growing forests is
given careful attention; the continuous
battle against destructive fires and the
gradual awakening on the part of the
government and the people to the urgent
necessity of immediate action.
It might be of interest to give a
moment's thought to the matter of land
values after the forests are gone. The
bulk of standing forests on the Pacific
coast are found in the roughest and
wildest country that one could possibly
imagine. Mountain sides extend up
from the bottom of deep gorges and
canyons at an angle of forty-five degrees.
Precipitous, rocky cliffs overhang mountain
streams. Long, high ridges, appropriately
described as "hogs' backs", lead
off at an angle from other ridges.
When the timber is removed nature at
once supplies a generous growth of brush.
Assuming that this land or even a goodly
part of it could be used for any possible
purpose, the cost of clearing would be
prohibitive. Pine stumps will slowly decay,
but a redwood six to twelve feet
through—not an uncommon size—is a
serious and expensive problem. Some
forest lands in Oregon and Washington,
on river bottoms or land more level in
character, have been cleared and converted
into fairly good farms. Orchards
may sometimes be seen growdng among
th redwood stumps.
of the young redwoods and other forest No forests in the world are more
trees, keeping down the underbrush and splendid and imposing than those of the
the prevention of disastrous fires would north Pacific coast where the pine, the
in time undoubtedly produce a new and redwood, the sugar pine, and the cedar
valuable forest.
have stood in such majesty through the
Were other countries provided wdth ages. It is impossible to travel through
their own timber supply and the Atlantic them or dwell in their midst without a
States and the Middle West not com­ feeling of awe and reverence. Nor can
pelled to draw upon the Pacific coast, our any for a moment consider the thought of
still great forests would, wdth reasonable their complete destruction without voicing
care, continue for a long, long time to a keen and insistent protest.

Mason's Memor
(Continued
The entrance of the building will consist
in a six-column portico of pure Doric
design, contrasting interestingly with the
plain, unbroken side walls of the Masonic
rooms. The Memorial hall will be
reached through the portico by gradual
steps.
Rising above the imposing Memorial
hall and forming a second story of the
tower will be a museum room to house
the many memorabilia of Washington
and his time, including the interesting
relics connected with Washington's service
as Master of Alexandria-Washington
Lodge.
The third level which is above the
Museum will be for future assignment.
Above this will be a covered observation
platform. The three levels will be
screened by stately colonnades and, rising
above the main hall, each will be smaller
than the level beneath it. The memorial
and grounds will represent an investment
of more than two million dollars.
Scarcely less valuable than the Memorial
itself in the perpetuation of Washington's
memory is the old colonial town
of Alexandria, which has preserved much
of the quaint appearance that characterized
it in Washington's day.
This city of the future memorial edifice
is located on the west branch of the
Potomac River, six miles south of Washington.
It is one of the oldest cities in
Virginia, having received its charter in
1749. For more than half a century it
was the county seat of Fairfax County, in
which Mount Vernon is located. Among
its trustees in Washington's day were
many of his friends and relatives, including
Thomas, Lord Fairfax, by whom
Washington, then a youth, was engaged
as a surveyor in 1749; William Fairfax,
at whose home, Belvoir, Washington
lived while pursuing his studies; Lawrence
Washington, his half brother; John
Carlyle, and others. Washington himself
became a member of the Town Council
in 1765 and served until 1779, when the
city was incorporated.
George Washington surveyed Alexandria's
streets and founded and endowed
its first free school. This was the Alexandria
Academv, the first permanent free
school in Virginia.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 453
al to Washington
rom page 308)
It was years later, in 1773, that Christ
Church in Alexandria was completed.
Shortly thereafter General Washington
purchased a pew in the Church at the
round figure of thirty-six pounds and ten
shillings, and he became a regular attendant
when in Alexandria. This old church
still stands in the heart of the little old
Colonial city. The pew occupied by-
Washington and now marked with his
name has been restored to its original
design. Another pew. bears the name of
General Robert E. Lee, who was confirmed
in the Episcopal Church in this
edifice in 1853. On the vestry register
are to be found many names famous in
colonial history.
General Washington maintained a town
office in Alexandria, which was torn
down in 1857. But the City Hotel, formerly
Gadsby's Tavern, still stands. Wdiile
quartered in the older of the two buildings
comprising the City Hotel, Washington,
in 1734, recruited his first command.
From there he began his march which resulted
in the Battle of Great Meadows.
A year later he received his commission
as Major under Braddock, the English
General, and there he first announced his
espousal of the cause of the Colonies. In
1789, when starting to his first inauguration,
from the steps of this building he
reviewed the local troops, and then delivered
a farewell address to his neighbors.
But the Tavern was not alone the
starting place for wars or great events,
for in its handsome ball room on the
second floor George and Martha Washington
trod the measures of many a
stately colonial dance.
It was in Alexandria that Washington
cast his last vote and there, on January
20. 1800, Colonel George Deneale, Master
of the Masonic Lodge and Clerk of the
Court, recorded his will.
The friendship existing between Washington
and the older residents of Alexandria
was lifelong. From 1765 until
the incorporation of Alexandria in 1779
he had served as a member of the famous
Town Council of the village. As he grew
in public reputation and experience, his
obligations to the colonies constantly in-
(Continued on page 472)

454 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Housekeeping in a Great Zoo
(Continued from page 388)
from a wound in its breast. The keeper,
however, will only smile because he
knows the pitying visitor has come upon
the blood-breasted pigeon from the Philippines,
which bears upon its snowy
breast a red mark resembling a wound.
Other distinct rarities in the bird
houses are: a fine kagu from New Caledonia,
with an enormous mane-like crest,
red bill and feet, and wdngs with white,
black and rust colored markings; the
Australian thickknee, something like a
plover: black cheek birds from Rhodesia
—which are a brilliant scarlet with the
exception of a tiny black spot on the side
of the cheek; shining calornis or Australian
starling, and straw-necked ibis.
The collection of apes, baboons and
monkeys are a source of never ending
pleasure. They are so ridiculously like
people that it is impossible not to laugh
at their antics. The chimpanzees and
orang-outangs are the prizes of this department.
But by far the most interesting part of
the exhibits, both in the New York and
Philadelphia zoos, are the bears. Dr.
Hornaday says that "if properly established
no captive wdld animals more
fully repay their cost and keep than a
collection of wdld bears wdiich has been
judiciously formed. It is true they are
very troublesome, and every bear is a
storm center, but we like them for all
that. Wdien comfortably- installed in
large, clean yards, wdth plenty of sunlight,
fresh water, rocks to climb upon,
and a good variety of food, they are full
of action, and constitute a great attraction
to visitors."
Certainly it would be difficult to imagine
any more playful creatures than the
Bronx Zoo bears. The grizzlies in the
center pit are the delight of the visitors.
They are big, clean-furred, hard-muscled
fellows, and their growth has been as
rapid and satisfactory in every way as if
they had been in their own native wilds.
In the center of their pit is a deep pool, in
which floats a large knotted log. Two of
the bears are at that log nearly all the
time playing water polo with it. One
will give it a vigorous thump with a
powerful paw and send it rolling across
the pool, where it will be met with a
swdnging blow from the other bear who
rolls it back again. Suddenly both bears
will make a dive at it, and the next instant
the air will be full of waving paws and
water will be splashed for yards until
after the mix-up, when two great shaggyfaces
will reappear above the surface, and
one could almost see a grin.
The elephants, rhinoceros and hippopotami
have their own spacious bathing,
pools. Tigers, panthers, leopards.
jaguars and other fine specimens of the
cat family may also be admired near at
hand in spacious cages, and in a large
pool of fresh water in a natural rock basin
not far off will be found sea lions from
the Pacific coast, occasionally emitting
their curious barking cry.
Most curious of the smaller mammals
is the egg-laying echidna from Australia.
which lives on a diet of raw eggs and
milk. It is also called a porcupine ant
eater. An echidna looks like a fullyequipped
pincushion, and lays two eggs
when in tbe mood—which is seldom!
The Philadelphia Zoo possesses one of
the finest collections of reptiles in the
world, including five specimens of rattlesnake,
king cobra, spectacle cobra, ferde-lance,
puff adder, five species of crocodiles,
and pythons, boa constrictors.
anacondas, small serpents, lizards, iguanas,
turtles, tortoises, terrapins and amphibians
in great variety. There are alligators
big enough to swallow a man.
Each of these great zoos spends about
forty or fifty thousand dollars a year in
the acquisition of new animals. A big
male giraffe, for instance, costs about
$10,000. One of the rarest specimens in
the Bronx Zoo is the Indian rhinoceros.
which was captured in Assam by the
soldiers of the Maharajah of Nepaul and
sold to the Zoo for six thousand dollars.
So rare is this animal that he could not
be duplicated today under ten thousand
dollars. The herd of American bison are
valued at about four hundred dollars
apiece. The most intelligent chimpanzees
are valued at anywhere from eight hundred
to one thousand five hundred dollars.
A baby orang-outang is worth
about five hundred dollars.

Bending Metal Tubing Is Only a
Trick
Many times tubing is to be bent, and
the operator is greatly surprised to see
the tubing break, or else bend into
awkward bends. This difficulty may be
easily overcome. It is always best to
anneal the tubing by means of a blowtorch,
or gas flame. If the tubing is of
rather large bore it may be filled with
sand before being bent. By so doing
there is less chance of the walls breaking
or collapsing. Another good way
to secure a uniform bend is to place
an outside mandril on the tube. This
consists of a closely and tightly wound
spiral of about 14-gage iron wire. It
will distribute the stresses in the operation
of bending and afterwards it
can be unwound. Small-bore tubing
may have a piece of wire which is a
fairly good fit placed inside, and the
tubing bent. The wire may then be removed.
This will not work, however,
if a sharp bend is desired.
A Guide for the Fan Belt
Many cars, particularly those of the
smaller size, have repeated difficulty with
the fan belt's working off, or jumping
off, the pulleys. A guide which is easily
and inexpensively made will remedy this
trouble.
The guide is made from a short length
of T_- or 34-inch band iron and is bent
at right angles at both ends so as to form
a broad, flat-bot­
tomed U. From one
end of the attachment,
at a distance
equalling a little
more than the full
width of the fan belt,
is riveted a small,
right-angled piece of
band iron wdiich, thus
lf=>BELT
XGUIDE
fitted, forms a guide Bolted to the Motor Cas­
for the belt. A hole ing This Guide Band
Serves to Keep the Belt
is drilled in the op­
on No Matter What Speed
posite, bent-up end the Car Is Travelling
of the attachment so
that it can be fastened by a motor case
bolt or by the fan belt adjustment bolt
so as to give the attachment fixity.
The guide will keep the fan belt on the
pulleys and no further necessity will
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 455
arise for stopping the car and repeatedly
soiling the hands by replacements of the
erring belt. It will add to the car's
purring content and, therefore, to your
uninterrupted enjoyment.
Making One Radio Plug Do
We had two head sets or ear phones
and wanted to use both with our 3-tube
amplifier radio outfit, but we had only one
RUBBER BftMD-
The Rubber Band
Slipped Over the "Plug
Keeps the Tip Under
Tension and Always
In Firm Contact
plug for attaching
them to the jack.
After s o m e
thought we finallyfixed
them up as
illustrated in the
accompanying
sketch and found it
worked satisfactorily.
All it required
was two
small rubber bands
about an inch and
a quarter long and
of live rubber.
One of the bands
was looped over
each metal tip on
the end of each receiver cord and the tip
then inserted into the plug so that it
touched the tip of the cord of the other
head set already attached to the plug in
the regulation manner. The rubber
band was then slipped over the plug,
thus keeping the tip under tension and
always in firm contact, which is necessary
to get good results. Tying with a cord
or string would accomplish this.
One Way to Remove Water from
Gasoline
The usual way to remove water from
gasoline is to strain it through a piece of
chamois skin. Chamois is not always
available so here is another way.
Wet some cotton waste in water and
then squeeze out all the excess water so
the material is merely damp. Be sure
that the water has touched all parts;
then dip the cotton in the gasoline and
it will absorb only the water. The gasoline
will not be taken up so long as the
cloth is kept moistened with water.
If there is a large quantity of water in
the gasoline, simply repeat the operation
until it is all taken up,

456 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
An Intimate Glii ipse of Norway
(Continuedft
of the scene. There is no animal and
yet there is the feeling of life. Here is
felt the indescribable spell of the glacier.
The weird sensation of silent solitude in
summer is with us. Its size is the most
marvelous thing about the Svartisen
Glacier. One feels that in half an hour
one could mount it. We are, indeed,
certain that we could walk up it. It is
not possible, however, to maintain a foothold
upon the glacier and death would
almost certainly accompany the attempt.
Yet one longs to stand upon it, so deceptive
is its passive appearance.
Now the sun shines forth and makes
the contrast between wdnter snows and
summer sunshine more than ever a proof,
if any further evidence were necessary,
that here was something everyone should
see. From fjord to glacier, wdth green
vegetation and splashing, roaring waterfalls
in between, the eyes roam round and
about in silent contentment drinking in
solid cool comfort with every glance.
What a contrast, this delightfully cool,
health-giving normal summer weather of
Norway, with its cold nights and refreshing
breezes is to the enervating, disgruntling,
and unhealthy heat of New
York, Chicago or any of our larger American
cities in the summer months.
Our party asked the village postmaster
if he ever took any summer boarders and
he said that he had eight spare rooms.
Questions as to prices, elicited the fact
that before the war he had charged two
kroners per day (fifty cents) for room
and full board but now he was obliged to
ask three kroners, or about sixty-five
cents American money. He was very
careful, however, to assure us that he
served only guaranteed plain, ordinary
food such as fresh milk, full cream,
fruits, fresh fish caught daily in the deep
waters of the fjord below, chicken killed
once weekly, country bacon and homemade
butter and cheese with his farm
vegetables. He threw in, of course, the
inevitable free use of a rowing or sail
boat for daily use crossing the fjord or
taking small side trips!
Wdien we regretfully took our leave
of Svartisen that evening we knew that
a little later we would get our first view
in page 361)
of the sun at midnight, and so after dinner
we chose our favorite places on deck
and prepared to watch the unusual
phenomenon of a sun that refuses to be
put to bed.
The night was fraught with a tense
thrill and we rejoice that we are really
going to have cloudless weather. At
11:30 P. M. we are in latitude 67' 22"
and longitude East 13' 30". It is as light
as at noonday. The "Irma" is running
between the coast and Vera Island, protected
always by an outer ridge of rocks
of stupendous size. The general impression
is that of early morning in our late
spring or at the very beginning of summer.
The sea is calm, its surface undulating
ever so slightly as our yacht
gracefully dips her nose into the deep
water and cleaves her way along. The
w-aters of these western fjords are deep,
many of them never having been sounded
by a plummet. The air is clear, the
breeze sharpens the senses.
Now it was eight minutes to twelve,
and we waited, lost in wonderment, and
counted the moments as they arrayed
themselves with the past. Then seven,
six, five, four—three—two—ONE minute
to twelve — each successive second
seeming like an eternity of wonder—and
there are sixty of them to each minute.
And now it was midnight! And we had
won—we had seen it! Our first trip
north and our first night within the
Arctic Circle and we had seen nature's
crowning miracle—the sun—full and
powerful at midnight—just as in midafternoon
in other parts of the world.
From now on up to the North Cape
the trip was one long succession of wonders,
so that all our adjectives run out.
Monday morning found us steaming
up the coast between the Lofoten and
Vesteraalen Islands, and about eleven we
put in at Tromso. Here, within the
Arctic Circle, one would expect to find
old-world conditions and primitive ways
of living. Wdiat was our surprise, therefore,
to find a finely equipped little town,
with excellently stocked stores, and all
the electric appliances known to our
modern western civilization at prices
within the reach of even the working

people. It was an ideal afternoon, with
a cloudless sky and Direktor Krogness
showed us all over the fine observatory
and assured us of perfect weather conditions
right through to the North Cape
and back again. We left in the late
afternoon and saw the midnight sun
again in all its splendors. Tuesday
morning, June 27, at 6 A. M. we arrived
at Hammerfest, the most northerly town
in the world, and here again we were
amazed at the determination to make the
utmost of conditions that, to say the
least, we would find irksome. The population
has grown from 2,000 in 1900 to
3,500 in 1922, an enormous addition and
testifying to the profit of the fishing industry.
The King was in town on a tour of
the coast and once more proved his complete
democracy and ready adoption of
our methods. I had met His Majesty
twice in Kristiania at two special audiences
and here he left the line of march,
offered his hand and gave me a heartyhandshake,
greeting me with the cheerywords
: "Well, wdiat are you doing up
here?" He is well over six feet in
height, every inch a man and every inch
a king.
The same evening around four we
reached the "top of the world," and between
Tuesday, June 27 and Wednesday,
June 28 saw two days in two hours of
perfect sunshine—a miracle possible only
at the North Cape. We recorded impressions
on the spot and here are mine:
I have just walked up the hill of
Nordkap, which is about one thousand
feet sheer above the ocean and about four
times as long by the circuitous rough
road. Sitting at the edge of a continent
I can see to left and right and all ahead
the gently rippling waters of the Arctic
Ocean on a summer • night—or as it
would appear—a summer's noonday.
A native accordeon is being played,
and behind on a dancing platform young
peasants are doing native folk-dances for
some of our party. Looking out over the
boundless ocean a sense of "apartness"
comes in—we are alone! We are lost,
for a space, from the whirl that calls
itself the world of industry, the world of
commerce — we are face to face with
nature—with God! At this moment—
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 457
the awe of the scene offsets all other
sensations and emotions. In half an hour
it will be, by our time-machines, midnight,
but by nature's showing it will be
as noonday! It is not a freak or a coincidence.
It is one of the fantastic facts
that one finds all over north Norway.
One feels in tune with the infinite; in
close communion with all that is best in
what has been, is—or shall be—and one
is, perforce, silent.
Just as we cross the Polar Circle on
the return trip an interesting event takes
place. We are at lunch and at the close
of the meal Captain Loose is handed a
wireless telegram. He reads it in evident
excitement, rises and announces to the
passengers that they are to assemble on
the promenade deck as soon after the
meal as possible for the regular inspection
by the Commander-in-Chief of these
waters. We leave the dining saloon in
curious wonder and arrive on deck in
time to see a launch come alongside and
a party of three in oilskins come on
board. It is none other than King Neptune,
God of all ships and shippers, with
his train, all bedecked with seaweed and
seawater, fresh from his native element.
He is going to baptize each voyager and
congratulate him on becoming a Son of
Neptune, through passing the Polar Circle
and he cannot let us leave 'the Arctic
waters wdthout shaking hands personally.
The seaweed, the oilskins, the masked
face, the attendants and the horny hands
are so realistic that some of the party do
not like to approach too near, but all feel
impressed at the ceremony and as the
words, "Health and happiness follow you
on this and all other voyages" are pronounced,
a handsome diploma in colors is
handed to the traveller.
On the journey south, stopping at new
places and seeing new wonders. Chief
of these are the Seven Sisters Waterfall,
the Naerofjord and the Trolltinderne in
the Roms Valley (Romsdal) and so we
return to Bergen, from where we take
the famous Bergen-Kristiania mountain
railway. At Finse, on July 5, we had a
good game of snow-balling.
Norway is unique for its natural
beauties and charm and the people are
most hospitable and genuine, but that,
as the famous Mr. Kipling remarked
years ago, is another story.

458
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Strange Creatures of Deep Waters
(Continuedfrom Page404)
during the spawning season. The' jaw
enlarges until it becomes enormous and
the teeth increase in size. This change
takes place only in the males, and seems
to be an adaptation for the fighting instinct
wdiich is so uppermost in this sex
at the breeding time.
The puffer is a queer type of fish. The
boys call it the swell and like to tease it
to make it swell. Wdien the puffer is inflated
it looks like a globe with a beak
and a tail.
The sucking fish has through centuries
of change transformed its dorsal fin into
a disk which acts as a sucker and attaches
the fish onto ships and other larger fish.
In this way they are carried for great
distances. They do no harm except to
retard the motion of the fish to which
they- are attached, and they can detach
themselves as they desire.
Totally unlike any other fishes are the
saw and sword types. The great bony
objects will appear indistinct; an attempt
to see objects beyond the focal length
of the lens (about eighteen inches) will
result in a strained and uncomfortable
feeling and should not be attempted without
removing the glasses.
Many of the most annoying troubles
are centered in the delicate muscles and
sensitive nerves that control the movements
of the eye. Some of these defects
are manifest, as where one eye turns inward
or outward, but in cases where it
turns but slightly, the defect is not noticeable
and is indicated only by the extreme
annoyance and suffering caused, while
the sight may be exceedingly keen.
Cases of this kind require specially
ground prismatic lenses to overcome the
trouble and set the eyes at rest. In mild
cases relief may be obtained by exercising
the rotary muscle under the direction
of the refractionist.
Better vision means more than just
going to some optical specialist after
some pronounced symptom sounds a
warning that his services are needed.
Most people do not know when eyestrain
really begins. Usually it develops so grad­
Don't Move to "Sightless Town"
(Continuedfrom page374)
beak of the sawfish is often six feet in
length, with powerful teeth inserted all
around its margin. Such a beak is a very
powerful as well as a very dangerous
weapon. The swordfish sometimes attains
a length of fifteen feet and its performances
are often unbelieveable. It
has been said the fish can penetrate solid
lumber with its "sword," which, of
course, renders it a very dangerous foe
to ships.
The eels, the fish wdth a serpentine
form; the pilot fish, which follows vessels
in their course, and the chaetodons,
which can shoot flies with drops of water
ejected from their mouth, are but a few
of the many other forms that might be
mentioned. The strange scaly creatures
of the deep are ahead of any other assemblage
of animal forms in their variety,
and not only in their variety, but in
the queerness of their adaptations to
their environments.
ually that for a long time it may not be
annoying. Nine people out of ten do not
have their eyes examined until discomfort
compels them to do so. Imperfect vision,
if not corrected, grows worse with the
years. The surest way to preserve your
sight at maximum efficiency throughout
life is to have your eyes examined once
a year. While you may not notice any ill
effects from errors of vision, errors which
would be extremely serious and actuallyunbearable
for people already in poor
health, the fact remains that these defects
are causing the eyes to use up and waste
a tremendous amount of nervous energy.
Have your eyes examined by a competent
optical specialist. If 'they are
found to be perfectly normal, you wdll
get a whole lot of satisfaction in knowing
they are. If they are defective, it is up
to you to get equipped with the proper
glasses, wdiether you like the idea or not.
Through corrected vision you can enjoy
life more completely, be worth more to
yourself and others, and enjoy better
health.
Save your eyes. Don't move to "Sightless
Town."

Do You Know These Things About
Tires?
In emergencies — one size smaller or
one size larger tube can be used in a
casing but it will be better to change to
the required size as soon as possible.
Small tubes are liable to rupture under
the extra expansion
required to fill the casing
and oversize tubes
wdll eventually buckle
and crack open.
When patching a
tube always roughen
the rubber around the
hole with a file or
sandpaper—then wash
wdth gasoline to remove
finger grease
and dirt. If this is
not done the cement
will not adhere evenly
and air will eventually
work its way under
the patch and deflate the tube.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 459
The More You Know
About Tires the Less
Money Spent on Them
After two years' use, an inner tube
becomes a liability rather than an asset.
The rubber will gradually harden and
crack, causing slow leaks.
A good tire paint can be made by mixing
5 pounds of whiting with 1 quart of
gasoline and then adding 1 quart of cold
patch cement. Stir until thoroughlymixed.
Apply with a brush and it will
renew the casings so they look fresh and
clean. This paint is entirely harmless to
tires.
Sections of inner tube can be spliced
into a place where a worn section has
been removed by turning one end of each
piece back, giving three coats of cement
and then turning the ends out again over
the inserted piece. Press well and let
dry. This will make an air-tight joint.
Be careful to measure the new piece so
the tube when completed will be the
original length.
Watch Chain Used as a Substitute
for a Larger Compass
Did you ever wish to draw a circle
with a fair degree of accuracy and not
have access to a cord for the purpose?
Perhaps you have been in a place
where anything of the kind was unavailable.
The ordinary watch chain
can be used very nicely. By holding
the center pin or nail in the various
links a considerable range of adjustment
is possible. The pencil point or
whatever you scribe with will slip
around very nicely r in the snap hook of
the chain.
Jack Blocks
Nothing can be meaner than trying to
jack up a machine on a hill. The slant of
the grade sets the jack at an angle, which
usually tips over when elevated.
To relieve this trying occurrence, a
certain motorist had a set of three wooden
blocks made, as shown, which he carried
in the tool box under his seat. The thin
block was used on slight grades, the
medium block on steeper grades, and the
thick block on very steep grades.
The writer, being more of a metalworker
than a woodworker, made up an
adjustable metal plate block, which can
be adjusted to suit any angle of grade
encountered.
Its construction is extremely simple.
Two plates made out of jXinch iron, are
A -A»1« lfc
B - 10"
C - .'
DETAIL SHOWIMC,
HETNOD OF nOuhT-
*NG, SCREWS
THUMB SCREW
PLATES IOX4X)_ IRON
'

460 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
To Catch T lat Big One
(Continued f m page 416)
small spinners, spoons, pork rind lures,
etc., and if you use plugs, upon their
weight must depend the weight of the
rod. You can't cast a heavy plug with a
light rod any more than you can throw
a light lure with a heavy rod; so bear this
in mind, when considering weight of
plug, line and rod.
Never call a rod a stick, as some do.
The workmanship, beauty and quality of
a fine split bamboo rod does not warrant
such an appellation. To one who worships
an elegant rod it sounds sacrilegious,
and here's another pointer. You
may notice on Calcutta bamboo rods dark
spots which seem to be blemishes but are
tbe natural color of the wood. As a
matter of fact, rod makers often burn or
tattoo for ornamentation the Tonquin
cane used in the manufacture of rods and
it does not injure the wood. Occasionally
a piece of Tonquin wood is found which
has been burned on the ground in China.
The cost of a split bamboo fly rod, a
bait-casting bass rod, etc., all depends
upon the workmanship and quality and
material used. I would advise not paying
less than $25 for a fly rod and more
if you can possibly afford it, and if you
want a really fine bait-casting rod, pay
the same amount. You can get a good
rod for less money, but as I have often
stated, it pays to buy good fishing tackle.
Among the makers of high-class rods
are Leonard Hardy, Divine, Heddon,
Thomas, etc.
Just as an experienced hunter forms
a liking for a certain style and make of
gun, so an angler favors a certain make
of rods and reels; my predilection for
bait casting rods are the Heddon brand.
Some of those I possess are the regular
stock rods and others were made to order.
For a bait-casting rod you will require
a quadruple multiplying reel, and it
should be a good, smoothly running one
and if jeweled pivot bearing, so much the
better. Be sure your spool is long enough
so there is no difficulty in thumbing.
On a short spool a line is liable to pile
up and is hard to thumb, and if the
line falls down you are in trouble. For
strictly casting I could never understand
why a reel is made with a drag and
click. Without them a reel could be
more easily cleaned when taken apart.
Of course, if there were nothing to hold
the spool when not in use, the line would
unwind, but it seems to me some simple
device could be made to prevent this.
My favorite reels are the Meek No. 2
and 3 jeweled and No. 3 and 4 plain
Blue Grass. I have used this make of reel
almost ever since I can remember. They
will last for years if properly cared for.
But there is a large variety of good
reels on the market and you can nay whatever
you wish to for one. Among them
are the Talbot, Markoff, Heddon,
Shakespeare, Milam, Bcetzsel, Takeapart,
Pflueger, Rediford, Vom Hofe, South
Bend Anti-Back-Lash, Meiselbach, etc.
For fly-casting with a trout rod most
anglers use an enameled double-tapered
line. Get one adapted to the weight of
rod you use. I use soft, braided silk
lines from nine to twelve pound test, in
bait-casting for bass and muskellunge,
but you may require stronger lines, in
which case use a line that tests at twelve
pounds for a bass and a fourteen to sixteen
pounds test line for muskellunge.
Hard braided enameled or w-aterproofed
lines I avoid because they are usually
stiffer, heavier and harder to cast and I
never keep a line that has been used.
This may seem extravagant, but it is wisdom
born from experience.
Angling is a captivating, thrilling and
exciting sport. Wdien reduced to a fine
art, not a science, I can conceive of no
greater pleasure than putting one's skill
against the cunning trout, wdse bass and
sagacious muskellunge. A musky is
gamey, bass gamier and trout gamiest of
the three and the Atlantic salmon is conceded
by most anglers to be gamier than
a trout, bass or muskellunge.
The joy of angling is not in the number
of fish taken. Catches are a secondary
consideration. It is the sport derived in
playing a fish. You will find that most
real anglers release their fish or keep only
what is needed for their own use. It
is also the opportunity to be out of doors,
in the pure, fresh, exhilarating air and
sunshine, surrounded by the grandeur of
nature that makes angling so fascinating.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 461
Sporty Scootster for Winter Sports Bore a hole in the plugged toe, into which
Along with the toboggan and ski in the grip can be swung with the handle
winter sports, there is a place for the fitted to the seat edge with a 3-inch
scooter—but it must be something more strap hinge.
reliable than a barrel stave and nail- This handle gripped to the toe is an aid
heads. This conductor-pipe scooter will
reach the bottom of the course in skitime
and right side up, with the rider
to steering without using the feet, and
also demonstrates the fact that what
scoots down must be pushed up.
A Piece of Conductor Pipe and a Few Wooden Fittings
Are All That Is Necessary to Make an Excellent
Winter Scooter
(scootee?) able to push it back up the
hill again by its handle.
The pipe, with the elbow or shoe, is a
4-inch size, either new or junk stock.
You'll need a 27-inch length of pipe and
a 90-degree elbow. Inside is fitted a
wooden base, shown, with a bottom of
*/_-inch stock, 5 inches wdde and 6 inches
long. Centered on this, nail a block l 1 /
inches thick, 3 inches wide, 6 inches long.
Round the edges of the top in which the
post is to set.
Gradually "squash" down the pipe from
elbow-toe to the heel and insert the base
to clear 8 inches inside the heel. Center
a 2-inch hole on top of the pipe. For
centering into the base a 1 jXinch hole for
the post, use 16 inches of 2 by 2-inch stock
with a 2-inch end shaped for insertion.
Secure the base and post with 10-penny
nails, some of them toe-nailed.
The pipe and elbow connection will be
somewhat flattened on top. Shape an
inch-thick plug for this joint and nail at
sides and top. Plug the toe-end of the
elbow, likewise.
The board seat is 12 by 8 inches wide.
Center this on the post and secure with
two 3-inch corner-braces, one at each
side. From board stock, cut the handle
3 inches wdde and 21 inches long. Taper
this to a 2-inch end for the wooden grip
4 inches long, attached with a screw.
How to Remove Stains from Piano
Keys
There is nothing more unsightly than
to have the white ivory keys on a piano
turn yellow in spots, which is due to
perspiration of the fingers in the summer
time and to a slight oiliness of them in
winter. After some experimenting, the
writer has found out that the original
whiteness can be restored by using a
weak mixture of nitric acid and water.
Put one ounce of nitric acid and twelve
ounces of soft water in a bottle having
a rubber cork. If the latter is not handy,
an ordinary cork dipped into melted
paraffine wax will do.
Be sure to pour the acid very slowdy
into the water and stir it wdth a stick.
Do not reverse this proceeding or the
acid will fly up into your eyes. In using
this solution, pour a little of it into a
glass dish; then dip a brush into the liquid,
wiping off the surplus on edge of the
dish. If no brush is handy, tie a piece
Where the Stain Has Been a Long Time on the Keys
Two Applications of the Mixture Will Probably be
Necessary
of cheesecloth on a stick and use that;
in fact, cloth on a stick makes a very
good brush for this work. Apply
the solution sparingly to the stained
keys taking care that no acid gets on the
black keys or woodwork. Then rub the
surface lightly with a piece of cheesecloth
to remove the stain. Next wash off all
acid with a piece of flannel dipped in
clean water and wipe with a dry cloth.

462
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Nature's Owi Art Gallery
(Continued f.
likely that the most characteristic form
of Egyptian art, that of the ancient pyramid,
should not also appear in this country
? At any rate, no matter whether this
is so or not, Dinosaur Mountain has
served in the same capacity as the pyramids,
namely, that of a king's tomb. The
fossil bones of the world's greatest animal,
now extinct, the Titanosaurus,, were
found embedded in it some time ago.
This is not the only Egyptian art piece
in this wonder museum. Near Corona,
Colorado, travelers recently have been
gazing spell-bound at a natural sphinx
as grand and impressive and far mightier
in its dimensions than the Sphinx of Old
Egypt. Within the last few years the
face has been growing more and more
distinct as, almost with a human artist's
patience and application, the work has
slowly and surely been accomplished. It
juts out from a mass of rock that dominates
the landscape and the figure appears
to be the very spirit of that
wonderful place.
Not only the figures of mythology and
of the old world are here, but there is a
portrait statue of one of the greatest
Americans. While in the artistic world
echoes of the Lincoln statue controversy
are still reverberating, Nature herself has
proposed the answer to the problem of
a great statue to the great preserver of
the Union. It all came about when it
was proposed to send a statue of Lincoln
as a present of this country to the city
of London and one was executed in the
new style of art. Many felt that new art
theories were all right in their place but
when it came to a public monument the
good old kind would do best and consequently
a replica of the famous St.
Gauden's Lincoln statue was sent in its
place. But the city of Manchester asked
for the original statue and received it.
Today, there is still agitation as to which
is the greater statue of Lincoln. And the
answer is that the greatest statue is the
one carved by Nature herself, wdth a
mountain for a pedestal, at Evergreen,
Colorado. As far as likeness is concerned,
it is a remarkable portrayal of
the great statesman and it is made with a
simplicity that few artists of the modern
m page 394)
schools could approach. It is done in the
grand simplicity of Nature.
Another figure, so perfectly fashioned
that it might be taken for a living face
and that it immediately gives the reason
why the Indians and some of the whites
believe in a race of mountain dwellers
of gigantic proportions, is the face of a
woman with a large and inquisitive nose,
that looks as if it got that way through
prying into other people's affairs. It has
been called Mother Grundy and lifting
her nose high in the air she seems to be
censoring the vagaries of the Rocky
Mountains, which have the reputation of
being the most skittish mountain chain
in the world. Her own face is supposed
to be the most realistic stone sculpture in
the world and draws "ahs" and "ohs"
from the many tourists who go to Clear
Creek Canyon, Colorado.
Of animal figures there are an extraordinary
variety. Polar Bear Rock on
Mount Temple in Alberta, Canada, is one
if the fines'- examples. It has only recently
been discovered, few people having
penetrated those regions. It looks exactly
like a Polar Bear crouched on the
mountain ready to pounce on the travelers
below and its position on the snow
line gives it a perpetual coat of white.
The lion is supposed to be an alien in
this country, although the King of Birds.
the eagle, makes this country his favorite
eyrie. Yet the world's most unique lion
exists in this country, a native of the
Garden of the Gods in Colorado Springs.
The king of beasts basks under the sun
on the crest of a mighty rock mass fully
worthy of him. A countryman of his
has a memorial nearby. When Jumbo,
the best known and beloved of all circus
elephants, died, there was talk of raising
a memorial to him. But there is no need
of it, for a fitting monument has silently
been carved by the erosion of a cliff near
Palmer Lake, Colorado, where a remarkable
mammoth elephant's figure has taken
shape and has been named Jumbo.
A rock formation has been the cause
of a very amusing incident in the same
neighborhood. The Buffalo country near
Platte Canyon was recently evacuated by
(Continued on page 474)

How to Decorate Apples
If you like apples and would like to
have some fun in seeing them grow, just
think of the task of decorating them.
Of course, any boy or girl may gather
together a collection of colored pencils
and apply them
to the surface.
But that's not the
kind of decorating
I am thinking
of here.
Suppose you
have some beautiful
snaps of yourself,
a friend, a
party, a landscape,
or a movie Decorating Apples with
Star which yOU Your Photograph Is a New
admire a °Teat ^" ac * Which Originated In
deal. Won't it CalifornU
be great fun to have it photographed on
an apple—a nice juicy one which you
have especially chosen for the purpose ?
Such an apple when decorated with pictures
dear to a friend will serve as an
attractive gift. It would be a pleasure
to invite your friends to an apple party
where there are apples which are decorated
with snapshots of your friends or
outings in which they participated. Don't
you think they would enjoy the apples
all the more for this tiny personal touch ?
You yourself would get more pleasure
in eating an apple in which your own
photograph is mirrored. Or perhaps
you may think it too valuable to eat.
Just how can you put a picture on an
apple? It's as simple as drinking pop;
only the process takes time and you'll
have to be patient in waiting for results.
Take a good walk around the orchard
and select the apple which, when ripe,
you believe will satisfy your palate. In
other words, look for a fat, green, plump
one, one that will in a few days be ripe
and rosy.
You will next have to get a piece of
black paper with which to wrap or cover
the apple. This is necessary in order to
increase the sensitive nature of the
apple's skin so that the subsequent printing
wdll be effective. When this is done,
you'll have to wait for a few days until
you believe the apple is ripe.
IA the meantime, you have chosen the
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 463
negative of your many snapshots with
which you will like the apple to be decorated.
Remove the dark paper and,
by means of the white of an egg, paste
the negative on the apple. Remember
to paste the negative on the right side,
just as in actual printing. The right
side is the rough side.
In a few hours the printing will be
finished and the result is a wonderful
print of the snapshot. Sceneries, designs,
lettering, or even trade-marks may be
transferred in this manner.
Make Your Own Microscope
First, take an oblong slip of glass—a
microscope slide, such as is used for
mounting microscopic objects, is just the
thing—and after cleaning it, pour a drop
of Canada balsam on the center of it.
If the drop falls properly, it will form a
lens. If the drop does not assume a circular
form, push the edges into as true a
circle as possible by means of a pin or a
pointed stick. If you spoil the drop,
scrape off as much balsam as possible,
and dissolve the remainder
in turpentine,
until the glass
is once more entirely
clean. Keep trying
until you get a circular
drop which is
free from dirt or air
bubbles, and then
set it away to
harden.
The more convex
the lens, the higher
Examining Microscopic
Objects with Your
Home Made Instrument
Is Interesting and Educational
Work
will be its pow : er.
After leaving it in a
horizontal position
for a week or more,
take a piece of cork
which is a little
thicker than the lens, and cut a hole in it.
The hole should have a diameter a little
greater than that of the lens.
Fasten the cork to the glass in such a
position as to leave the lens in the center
of the hole, and fasten a piece of thin
glass, called by microscopists a thin glass
cover, over the lens, to prevent dust
from settling on it. The edges of the
glass should be ground, or narrow strips
of paper should be gummed around them
to keep them from cutting the fingers.

464 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
(Continued fi
flimsy were they that the trial was not
even held.
In further campaigns, during which
Magellan received many wounds, one of
which caused him to limp the rest of his
life, he finished out his term in Africa
and went back to Portugal expecting
that recognition of his service would
bring him promotions and rewards. The
reigning king, Don Manoel, however,
was extremely suspicious of all selfminded
people and very stingy. He refused
to give his aid.
Finding himself out of place in the
palace at Lisbon, Magellan forthwith
formed a friendship with Ruy Faleiro,
then one of the world's finest geographers.
Magellan made an arrangement wdth
Faleiro that they were to be partners
in the venture. Having no hope of help
from the Portuguese monarch, they were
both to go to Spain where a countryman
of theirs was in high influence. They
were both to renounce their Portuguese
citizenship and accept service with
Spain. As it turned out only Magellan
embarked on the voyage, Faleiro having
cast a horoscope and discovered that it
would end in disaster and prudently remained
at home.
The friend at the Spanish court was
named Barbosa, and he was himself a
sailor of repute. So intimate did the
relations between the two mariners become
that Magellan married the
daughter, Beatriz.
Magellan at once went to the Spanish
court to lay his plans before the young
Emperor, Charles the Fifth. The Portuguese
court did not forgive him this
movement and worked strenuously
against its success. Among other things
they attempted to assassinate him.
Like Columbus before him, MageHrrn
found difficulty in getting together - a
crew. People were aware that this was
to be a different and more hazardous
journey than usual and were finding the
new countries of Mexico and the West
Indies too enticing to desire any other
fields except the East, where wealth easily
repaid hardships.
He could not get Spaniards enough to
The First Trip A round the World
m page 383)
man his fleet and was obliged to include
a number of Portuguese, who proved to
be his mainstays in the difficult days that
followed.
They sailed out of Seville, September
20, 1519. The five ships were little better
than those in which Columbus had
made his voyage and Magellan experienced
hardly less difficulty in his trans-
Atlantic trip.
After a short stop at the West Indies,
the boats sailed down the coast of South
America looking for the southern strait
which Magellan knew must exist and
which he discovered for the first time,
giving commerce its sole means of westward
travel to the East until the Panama
Canal was completed.
At once he experienced difficulty.
There were mutinies, in the suppression
of which he had to lose much time and
some valuable men. He came to the
southern tip of the continent and had
unpleasant experiences wdth the Patagonians
whose name he gave them because
of their big feet, in Spanish Pates Gones,
meaning gigantic feet. Then came the
discovery and the famous passage through
the Straits of Magellan, supposed to be
the most difficult body of water to navigate
in the world, particularly for men
wdio had no pilots and knew nothing of
the land. One vessel deserted and was
lost.
Then he sailed across the Pacific. It
is almost impossible to describe the privations
of the navigators. Thev were reduced
to eating bark and rigging. Another
of the vessels was lost by storm.
With the remaining three he touched,
curiously enough, on lands that were to
be American long afterward. The first
was Guam Island, where he refitted his
vessels. . From there he sailed to the
Philippines, where he was killed through
treachery in April, 1521, while most of
his men were destroyed subsequently.
He had not circumnavigated the world
but in completing the voyage in July,
1522, his'crew only followed his orders
and the greatest glory belongs to their
murdered captain. Only one ship with
thirty-one survivors, afterwards joined
by four others, came back to tell the tale.

A Perfect Kettle Knob
By the action of the boiling water and
the hot steam, the knobs on kettles soon
split and then fall off. If, wdien the new
knob is fitted, instead of using one of the
ordinary wooden ones, a proper-size
porcelain drawer knob be used for the
purpose, the steam and heat will not affect
the knob and the general appearance
and sanitary condition of the kettle
will be pleasingly improved.
Continuous Pouring Percolator
Attracts Attention
Curiosity is the easiest of all emotions
to arouse. Enterprising storekeepers will
find it easy to attract large crowds to
their display windows by simply resorting
to the little tricks that all stage magicians
hold in stock. One that will not
fail to attract attention is to suspend an
ordinary coffee percolator in the air by
a fine wire and let it pour coffee into a
bowl that has no outlet. The bowl never
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 465
the indicated level and then drawing off
the air from the top by means of a small
air pump. This can be run by electric
current which can be supplied over the
wire holding the percolator in the air.
When the Starter Bolts Slip
A NUMBER of cars have the starter
installed as a separate unit and in no
way encased by the motor parts. In such
cases the starter is bolted to the frame
or to a special bracket. By the repeated
Bracing the Starter to the Frame with a Piece of Half
Inch Pipe Will Perhaps Prevent Stripping Gears or at
Least Get Rid of That Racking Noise
jar from the use of the starter, the fast­
fill 5 up and the percolator never runs dry ening bolts loosen and then proceed to
and there is no visible explanation. wear the bolt-holes, so that eventually
ddie stunt is effected by the simple the starter pinion slips the gear teeth on
means of a tube run up through the pour­ the flywheel with a fierce, racking noise.
The mere tightening of the bolts has but
a temporary effect and therefore, a more
positive and permanent method must be
brought to bear in order that continuous
and dependable service be regained.
A short piece of J/_-inch pipe and a
J^-inch bolt several inches long and provided
wdth a nut are the necessary items.
The starter should be bolted in its originally
intended position. The nut of the
bok should be screwed on as far as is
possible and the threaded portion and end
of the bolt be inserted into the hollow of
the half-inch pipe. With this combination,
the distance from the outside of the
starter shell to the inner point of the
frame should be measured and the pipe
sawed off at that length.
By inserting the pipe and its contained
ing stream of coffee and a vacuum in the bolt and nut between the frame and
percolator. Gravity causes the coffee in starter shell and then screwing back on
the percolator to flow into the bowl. Here, the nut a solid, rigid brace will be given
by reason of the vacuum at the percolator to the starter and it will be impossible
end of the tube and the pressure of the for it to slip the flywheel gear teeth.
atmosphere on the surface of the bowl, The strain will be thus removed from
it is forced up into the percolator and the starter bolts by this simple brace and
starts its journey again. The vacuum is the starter Will be in condition to give
made by having the percolator filled to permanent.and unwavering service.

466
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Tom and Elle—Navajos
(Continued from page 419)
ment, are often spoken of as "reverting
to type" as soon as they return to their
tribal homes. This is due largely to the
pressure brought to bear upon them by
medicine men and elders of the tribe, and
not to any real desire to forsake the
habits and customs of cleanliness they
have been taught to respect.
Although her hands are not as steady
as they once were, Elle's last blanket, on
wdiich she worked steadily for more than
fifteen months, is conceded by experts
to be one of the most beautiful large
blankets ever produced. It measures approximately
fifteen by twenty feet, and,
like all Elle's blankets, is very tightly
woven. When held up by the corners it
will hold water. This is true of only
the most tightly woven Navajo blankets.
Most of the large blankets are notable
only for their size. Weavers seldom can
be persuaded to produce blankets larger
than eight by ten feet. Larger blankets
are difficult to manage on the loom, and
the warp must be unusually strong to
withstand the continual pounding of the
weaver, and the great weight of the
blanket as it nears completion. Some
authorities say that the average Navajo
squaw has a single track brain, and when
once impressed that the blanket desired
is to be large, soon forgets, or is unable
to cope with the composition of the design,
as her work progresses. She sets
her mind and heart on the size of the
blanket and usually turns out a large
one and nothing more.
Weavers of Elle's capability and artistic
sense are growing scarcer all the time.
As Navajo blankets are essentially made
to market Navajo wool, anything that
tends to make the Navajos more prosperous
tends also to curtail the output of
blankets. As the Navajos acquire a sense
of values, especially the value of time,
they will cease to weave blankets. For
instance, Elle's large blanket, on which
she and her carders and spinners worked
for more than fifteen months, and in
which there is about fifty dollars' worth
of raw wool, would bring but five hundred
if it were offered for sale. A Navajo
girl with little training can earn fifty to
sixty dollars a month doing housework.
Thus it is easy to see that as education is
brought to the Navajos the one inimitable
art of America will gradually diminish.
Elle is one of the few Navajo weavers
who have resisted the easy temptation of
using the cheap prepared dyes on sale
at the trading posts, and secretly makes
her own of berries and roots which she
gathers on the reservation. Most of her
designs have been carried out in black,
white, grey, brown, and red. The black,
white and brown wool used is from the
backs of sheep of those colors. The grey
is produced by carding black and white
wool together before the yarn is spun.
The red wool is dyed. The delightful
color variations of Navajo blankets is due
to the fact that the wool is carded, spun
and dyed only as it is needed.
Some of Elle's blankets, which are used
chiefly as rugs, show few signs of wear
after generations of hard usage. Manyhomes
in New Mexico and Arizona boast
Navajo blankets which have served on
the floors for more than one hundred
years.
Although she denies it stoutly, Elle's
eyes are failing rapidly. She wears
quaint silver-rimmed spectacles when
weaving, and these must be re-fitted with
alarming frequency. As closely as can
be ascertained by the ancient occurrences
she remembers — for these primitive
people do not keep account of their ages
—Elle is between eighty-five and ninety
years old. She will weave few more
blankets, but when she passes she will
leave a great monument.
Tom is a great story-teller. Nothing
pleases him more than to gather the
young bucks about him in his low-roofed
hogan, and there in the pungent fragrance
of the cigarette smoke, relate in the rich
superlatives of his tongue, stories of the
great Navajo-Apache war, many battles
of which were fought when he was a boy.
In addition to his own difficult language
and pidgin English, Tom speaks Spanish,
Apache and several Pueblo dialects with
fluency. Among his own people he is a
highly educated man, but in his own
estimation the greatest achievement of his
life has been accomplished within the
year. He has learned to write his own
first name.

"Speaking of short cuts'
"Cutting cross corners to the job is one
thing. Cutting cross corners on the job
is another. Only one way to get ahead
there and that's by turning out work that's
right. Good tools help the most—that's
why mine are Starrett."
Here's a new Starrett tool you'll be glad
to own—the Starrett Black Enameled
Frame one-inch Micrometer Caliper. Starrett
quality throughout. You can get it at
any hardware store for $6.25. With Ratchet
Stop, $6.75. Leather case $1.00 extra.
Write for Catalog N..22RD. and the Supplement
describing the new Starrett Tools.
THE L. S. STARRETT CO.
The World's Greatest Toolmakers
Manufacturers of Hacksaws U' nexcclUd
ATHOL. MASS.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 467
^

468
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
dex finger to make a clipping motion
just over his ear. I had discovered the
haircut sign. Since then I have tried
the sign on many Indians of the plains
and all of them understood it to mean
haircut.
"During the war the Indians had an
opportunity to add a few more signs to
their silent language. Their sign for the
Kaiser was made by pointing the two
index fingers upward from the corners
of the mouth, as Wilhelm's mustache was
the one big thing that the Indians saw
about him. American Indians bought
more than $25,000,000 worth of Liberty
Bonds and the sign for interest was frequently
used. To them interest is known
as 'money's child', so the sign for it is
a combination of the signs for money and
child. Money is indicated by making an
outline of the silver dollar with the
thumb and forefinger, while placing this
sign in the palm of the other hand means
cash. The sign for credit is made by
giving a writing motion to the money
sign as the fingers are held just over the
palm.
"This is how an Indian of the plains
would say Muscle Shoals, the location of
the big nitrate plant about the disposal
of which so much is heard," said General
Scott. He stretched his open hands out
chute unprotected, a library window up,
and the back door decorated with a tin
dishpan on the inside, as a burglar alarm.
Naturally, I didn't disturb the dishpan.
Now for the prize bonehead play of
my career—the thing that landed me
down here in Joliet. One night, going
confidently through a house, I kicked
over a basket by the sitting room stove
and out tumbled a handful of little
chickens only a few days old. It was
cold, the stove had gone out and I was
afraid those little fellow; would suffer.
perhaps die. So I rounded them up and
[Hit them back in the basket. Then I
discovered that the oven in Ihe kitchen
range was still warm, so I put the basket
in there and closed the door. I was
through ransacking the house—had a nice
They Call Him "Mole Tequop'
(Continued from page 421)
and, using the lower edge as a hinge,
opened and closed the hands to indicate a
muscle shell. The next sign was the
"bighorn," made by bending back the
arms at the elbow and wrist so as to form
the peculiar horns for which this mountain
sheep is noted. An elk is indicated
by a spread of the forearms and fingers
—the sign always given by the Indians
when referring to the Yellowstone River
which they originally christened the Elk.
General Hugh L. Scott is recognized
as the greatest living authority on the
Indian sign language. His study and investigations
show that this language was
in successful use long before the coming
of the white man to America. Since his
retirement from active army service
General Scott has continued to devote
much of his time to the welfare of the
Indians and spent most of the past July
and August in visiting the Blackfeet and
other tribes of the West. He is a trustee
of the American Indian Institute of
Wichita, Kansas, which is offering university
training to the redmen since the
government discontinued its support of
Carlisle and similar universities. A prime
mover in this higher education for the
Indian is E. E. Olcott. a prominent New
York business man who is treasurer ot"
the Institute.
Human Nature as a Burglar Sees It
(Continued from page 305)
bit of loot, too—but just as I was leaving
I started to worry about those chickens.
So I hunted up paper and pencil and
wrote a note warning whoever would
start the fire for breakfast to take out
the basket of chickens first. Then I went
away with a nice little warm glow around
my heart because I had been so humane.
I was the most surprised man in the
world when the detectives nailed me a
few hours later. My handwriting is
peculiarly my own. The man whose home
I had robbed, although I didn't know it
at the time, was paying teller in the bank
wdiere I kept my money. He recognized
the writing on the note as mine and told
the police, in spite of the fact that so far
as he knew I was a perfectly respectable
traveling salesman.

FREE BOOK ABOUT CANCER
The Indianapolis Cancer Hospital, Indianapolis,
Indiana, has published a booklet which gives interesting
facts about the cause of Cancer, also
tells what to do for pain, bleeding, odor, etc. A
valuable guide in the management of any case.
Write for it to-day, mentioning this paper.
Learn Cartooning
At Home—In Your Spare Time
from the school that has trained so many
of the successful cartoonists of today earning
from $50 to $200 and more per week.
The Landon Picture Chart Method of
teaching makes original drawing easy to
leam. Writeforfullmformationand chart
to test your ability. Please state age.
THE LANDON SCHOOL J//
465 National Building, Cleveland, Ohio
$13§5 GoodyearThincoat
Goodyear Mfg. Co., 1309-RD Goodyear
Bldg., Kansas City, Mo., is making
an offer to send a handsome raincoat
free to one person in each locality who
will show and recommend it to friends.
If you want one write today.
PA
TRADE MARKS.COPYRIGHTS
Prompt, Personal, Reliable Service
Orer 30 years* active practice before the Patent Office
and the courts. Book explaining terms free-
Box E. 12, N. G. U. Building SIGGERS Washington, D. C.
J-^ | J T^* ¥"J* to Hunte_*s and Trappers
M\ _EmJEi_____Ll Fine Taxidermy Book Now Free! 32p
wi th hundreds of photos of mounted
birds and animals. Learn this profession. Save your trophies.
Decorate your homeand den- Great value to sportsmen.
Learn to Stuff Birds LT^f^rS.
and robes. Qui .lily learned by met) and boys. Bis Profits
spare time. Intensely interesting. INVESTIGATE! Wrlta
for Freo Book. Only a few free—so rush.
.Northwestern School ol Taxidermy.1458 Hwood Bldg.,Omaha.Neb.
No More Baldness
Eminent physician's receipt for prevention baldness
ABSOLUTELY FREE to each purchaser
of the SIRKOH method of developing vitality of
hair roots. New scientific principle. Safe. Easily
applied. One dollar.
P. O. Box 36-A, Station V, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Wrestling Book FREE
Be an expert wrestler. Learn at home by • __•
Burns and Frank Gotch.
holdfl-brockeand tricks revealed. Don
Handle b_K meo witb ease. Write for fn
ILLUS 1 RATED WORLD 469
w. Secret
ay. Be Btrong.bealthy.
book. State your age.
Farmer Burns* jffiSBamgg Building, Omaha, Neb.
YOUR SERVICES TO
THE HIGHEST BIDDER
PROTECT YOUR HOME
THIS $22.00 GUN FOR,
$1075 r ca !-
II I Uegula-
* V tion 7-shot,
blue steel Au
tomatic. Latest model.
Accurate reliable, highest
grade materials. Double safety—
accidents impossible. Checkered
grip. Small, compact. Get one of
these $22 value guns while thev last
No. 100 $10.75
12
THIS $25.00
GUN FOR
Military model. A he-
$1075
man's gun. Tbe same
gun that went over tbe
top. Built for hard service. 32-cal-'
10-shot blue steel Automatic. Safety |
attachment. A big buy while tbey
last. Latest model.
No. 122 , $12.75 B
MAUSER GENUINE
GERMAN
$14°i
Latest model
of world's most powerful
automatic. 9-sbot. perfectly
anced, accurate and efficient. 2 safety 1
attachments. Solidly constructed
flat shape. Blue steel. Comfortable
grip. Taken apart and assembled in
a few seconds. Value $35.00.
No. 171—25-cal., 10 shots $14.00
No. 175—32-cal., 9 shots
This "Buffalo Genuine |
$35.00
$15.00
1
flOM
Don't confuse this^
strong, reliable,
quick-shooting, blue steel
matic witb inferior guns selling
for less. Our introductory price
is right. Order today. Three
No. 162—25-cal., 6 shots.. .$12.00
No. 164—32-cal., 7 shots. . .$14.00
LUGER
150 30cal
!p /A?V 9 - shot
£j J blue steel
Automatic
with automatic magazine ejector. ^
Safety attachment. A regular $90.00
gun. Latest model. You cannot buy
a better gun anywhere.
No. 134—Special $24.50
All our guns shoot Standard American Ammunition.
All guns guaranteed new,
Order one of these Specials now.
Limited supply. Orders promptly filled. Send
cash or money order, or if you prefer—
SEND NO MONEY
Pay Postman on arrival plus postage. Examine
merchandise carefully and If not as represented Just
We need high class sol icitors and salesmen to represent
GOOD PAY-AGREEABLE a high class magazine WORK
j write for today/or niustrated World, Chicago
full particulars
return tt and get your MONEY BACK.
Kindly mention Illustrated World REPUBLIC when writing ARMS advertisers.
CORP.
150 NASSAU ST. DEPT. 49 NEW YORK

470 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Added Attractions
(Continued from page 431)
on an alligator but it's still an alligator.
And this statement is not an aspersion on
either alligators or Fords. I have the
greatest respect for the bite of both. They
are real performers.
Passing along, we come to that multicylindered
three-ton car of plate glass,
perfume and velvet which we find rolling
along the boulevards. With pampered
poms and fawn-colored footmen, the limousine
of the rich and the new-rich is
sometimes a traveling museum for accessories
enough to bend a common flivver's
backbone and wreck it. Here accessories
run to luxurious fittings, things for the
toilet, and ornaments. There are cases
for eyebrow forceps and lip sticks, cigarette
lights, cute embroidered niches for
forbidden beverages, mirrors to see if
beauty is on the run or twisted to one side
—and heaven knows what. In fact, there
is everything but the vermilion painted
sewer pipe and gilded cat-o'-nine-tails in
the corner and even that would be there
if it had not gone out in the second
Cleveland administration.
When Polly Puts Her Kettle On
(Continued from page 424)
overload the machine. Fill it with water
only to the waterline, which is generally
marked distinctly. Clean the wringer
rolls. They can be cleaned by rubbing
kerosene on them; but don't leave it on,
as kerosene dissolves rubber. Wash the
rolls afterwards in warm soapy water.
If you have a wooden tub, its lid should
be left open during wash days for free
circulation of air. Metal machines
should be dried to prevent discoloration.
The stain removers for various metals
used on washing machines are as follows :
Aluminum-Wash with hot soap and
water. Do not use alkalis, they darken
such metal. Copper-Rub with vinegar
and some fine scouring powder, like
whiting. Get this at the drug store.
Rotten stone mixed with oil will polish
copper, but wash with soap and water
afterwards. Nickel - Dampen whiting
with water or ammonia. Then rub
well and wash with a good soap and
water. Zinc-Clean the same as nickel.
Hot vinegar will remove persistent stains.
Last but not least, we now have the
car equipped with Radio—the season's
marvel. A Radio outfit may not be an
accessory to an automobile but it's a
worth-while equipment. Perhaps in the
near future car makers may add this.
•Xo one can look at our roads in the
playtime season without wondering if,
at some time in the days close upon us,
a small house may not be used as an
accessory to the family car. Automobile
camping has taken the public fancy and
seems to be growing in popularity. Our
cars are being sawed apart in places to
attach some article like a bed or a tent.
I'.ntire bodies are being built in many
styles which turn into beds and shelters
by the simple expedient of pressing a
button. Strange appliances, very domestic
in character, are being bolted on bodies
and running boards.
Maybe the high cost of living or the
high piracy of landlords will make such
a change in the horseless carriage that
the article called motor car will soon
become a traveling house.
It is well to know how to connect
electrical devices. Nine chances out of
ten you do it the way you should not.
The proper way is to separate the screw
plug. This is made up of two parts,
one part screws into the socket on the
lighting fixture, while the other part.
distinguished by two small brass prongs,
connects into the threaded part of the
plug. These parts should always be
separated. Screw the threaded portion
of the plug' into the lighting fixture.
Now push in the two prongs in this
threaded part, then make appliances connection
at the other end of the cord.
Now you are ready to snap the switch.
This way you avoid the danger of a
crooked connection and the cords are
prevented from being twisted and kinked.
With all electrical devices instruction
and guarantees for at least one year are
furnished, but not for cords, or falls.
As an ounce of prevention is worth .a
pound of cure, so it is with electrical
devices. It pays to treat them kindly.

To the Man with an Idea
I offer a comprehensive, experienced,
efficient service for his prompt, legal
Erotection, and the development of
is proposition.
Send sketch or model and description,
for advice as to cost, search
through prior United States patents,
etc. Preliminary advice gladly furnished
without charge. (
My experience and familiarity with
various arts frequently enable me
to accurately advise clients as to
probable patentability before they
go to any expense.
Booklet of valuable information, and form for
properly disclosing your idea, free on request.
Write today.
RICHARD B. OWEN, Patent Lawyer
19 Owen Building, Washington, D. C.
2276-M Woolworth Building, New York City
Did You
Ever Earn This
Much in ONE Week?
You'd hardly think a box of toilet preparations
could put $150.00 in your jeans every
week, would you ?
Mr. Davis just told me that 300 of his salesmen
earn this much and more. I've averaged
a whole lot morethan this, but of course, I'm
a pretty good salesman, even if I do say so
myself. But between you and me maybe the
QUEEN QUALITY "NIFTY NINE 1 ' OUTFIT
does sell pret'y easy. Two years ago I didn't think
I could Bell $10 gold pieces for a nickel. Neitherdid
anyone else, but I made cood and it was easy when
I made a real try for money. Now, I have a big.
steady trade—my own business.
Mr. Davis wants more men and here's an oppor-
F ^ ^ K B p B | tunity—a bitr opportunity. Start
T£RS\S¥ffi^^ i r» *• ^ ay * Address a letter orpo.tcard
to him. Baying, "How
can I make more money?" and
be will tell yoo all about it
That's how I started. It's
tbe first step toward big
Los Angeles
Limited
In Cozy Comfort
over the Old Trails
In Grandfather's Day—The Overland
trail; the prairie schooner; weary
months of hardship; fights with the
Indians—just to reach California. Many
men now living remember it.
Now—a jaunt of less than 3 days on the
LOS ANGELES LIMITED. Comfort
all the way via C. & N. W. Ry.-
Union Pacific System.
Look!—from your cozy chair in the observation
car—the same Overland trail, the very
places where the Pioneers, the gold-seekers
and the Mormons toiled, climbed and fought,
conquering the West.
The Great Plains, the gaunt Rockies, colorful
Weber Canyon, Great Salt Lake, Salt Lake
City—you see them all, the real West—historic,
romantic, beautiful.
California
Go on the LOS ANGELES LIMITED—all
Pullman—synonym for travel-comfort, luxury
and delicious dining car meals. Lvs. C. & N. W.
Ry. Terminal, Chicago, 8:00 p. m. daily.
CONTINENTAL LIMITED, another fine
train with standard and tourist sleepers, observation
car and diner, leaves C. & N. W. Ry.
Terminal, Chicago, 10:30 a. m. daily.
trick.
E. M, DAVIS CO.
;'BUSYBOB"
money SO WRITE
Dept. NOW. 4598 Chicago
ALLEN.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
Our illustrated booklets tell you
where to go and tohat to see. Write
JOT your copies.
Ask any
Ticket Agent, C. & N. W. Ry.
or address
C. A. Cairns, Pass'r Traf Mgr.
NORTH WESTERN RY.
CHICAGO

472 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
(Continued
creased. It was early in 1776 that he
called a conference of the Maryland and
Virginia commissioners to consider problems
involving navigation and import
duties. The conference subsequently adjourned
to Mount Vernon. From there
it issued a call to the states which resulted
in the convention that proclaimed the
Declaration of Independence.
But, despite the historic and momentous
nature of the events into which Washington
was drawn and in whose direction
he was foremost, he ever maintained, with
that fidelity which was characteristic of
his life, the contacts and associations
of his earlier years. Upon the conclusion
of his active service to the nation, he was
happy in resuming many of his earlier
associations. His relation with Alexandria-Washington
Lodge, however was
never broken.
Mason's Memor al to Washington
General Washington became a first or
charter member of Alexandria Lodge in
1778, shortly after the application for a
charter had been made to the Grand
Lodge of Virginia. Upon the walls of
the Lodge still hangs the document containing
his name, signed by Edmund
Randolph, Governor of Virginia. He
served as Master for twenty months, being
re-elected to succeed himself. But
for years prior to that time, he had been
associated with the Lodge, and had been
elected an honorary member shortly after
his return from the revolution, when the
Lodge was within the jurisdiction of the
Provincial Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania.
One of the priceless relics of the First
President, a letter in his own hand, under
date of December 28, 1878, from Mount
Vernon, reveals the deep affection in
which he cherished his brother Masons.
The concluding paragraph of the letter
reveals this spirit of love and desire to
serve. "I shall always feel pleasure when
it may be in my power to render service
to Lodge No. 39, and in every act of
brotherly kindness to the members of it,
being in great truth your affectionate
brother."
It has been the great pride of Alexandria-Washington
Lodge to have assembled
so many mementoes of the public
and private life of its first president.
And by inheritance, tradition and affilia-
c 70in page 453)
tion it is peculiarly equipped to inaugurate
the movement for the Memorial.
General Washington's fondness for the
Lodge and the Masonic Order undoubtedly
impelled his widow, shortly after
his death, to present to the Lodge the old
clock that had stood in his bedchamber.
At the time he died one of the attending
physicians, General Elisha Cullen Dick,
who was Alaster of the Lodge, cut the
pendulum and stopped the old timepiece
forever. Its hands still point to the
minute and hour that marked the close of
that inspiring life.
From this donation grew the Lodge's
collection. Other members of the family
and friends followed Mrs. Washington's
example until there had been assembled
a collection of surpassing historic and intimate
personal interest.
(Copyright 1922 by Hamilton M. Wright)
Football Generalship
(Continuedfrom page 351)
After scoring this touchdown and
kicking the goal, Illinois showed proper
strategy by working on this advantage.
No more chances were taken. The ball
was kept as far away from the Illinois
goal as the defense and its punter could
keep it. The men, keyed up by this unexpected
score, played like veritable
demons, with the result they won the
game, 7 to 0, in one of the greatest
upsets of the year.
Occasionally good mechanical players,
though entirely lacking in brain work,
will be seen on the field. In one big
game played last fall, the defensive fullback
repeatedly caught forward passes
on the fourth down. This was a miserable
blunder as most of the tosses were
hurled thirty and forty yards, and the
catcher lost just that much ground for
his team. An incompleted forward pass
on fourth down calls for the ball to go
to the opponents at the point of the previous
down. Naturally the pilot of the
offensive eleven took special pains to see
that the oval was thrown into the outstretched
arms of the player who erred in
his judgment. In fact the play was much
better than a punt.
Football strategy, in a sense, may be
considered a gift. It is hard to acquire.

PROTECT
YOUR HOME.
25 Cal.
Automatic
Pistol
' Every LAW-ABIDING TmiMfggggg-SS&%»f Standard
Citizen should be armed
and prepared to meet the
^^g-3rfaBftgg»f A
l ^__4Q_sVJ
burglar, thief and holdup
man! ! I ! You will
be fully protected with this
brand new 25-Cal. regulation Blue Steel "Spanish
Bronco." Superior to any 25-Cal. gun made, regardless
of name, make or price. Fires 7 shots in
3 seconds; accurate and powerful; guaranteed not
to jam or miss fire; double safety lock prevents
accidents; flat model, extra light weight; perfect
grip; get one now! No. 110 at this bargain
price $7.45
32 Cal. 10-Shot Military Model Automatic for only $10.25
A MAN'S GUN, "SPANISH" Military Model. Built
for hard service; just like they used "O.ver There"
With EXTRA MAGAZINE FREE. Safety lock prevents
accidents. .32 Cal., No. 210. While they
last • tf 50 $10.^5
"THE BIG SIX"
SV_NG CYLINDER
HAND EJECTOR R£VOLVER
Maxk fry Guisasola, Spain
This latest model Brand New Revolver equipped
with "Popular Swing Cylinder Hand Ejector;" 6-
_hot; solid frame, Western Grip; Nickel or blue.
32 Cal. No. 410 §16.50
3S Cal. No. 410-A 17.50
Furnished with Pearl Grip, $3.00 Extra.
These Guns are used by many Police Officers and
Government Employees on account of their absolute
dependability.
QUANTITY LIMITED—GOING FAST
Order direct from this advt. to Insure prompt
delivery. All charges prepaid when accompanied
prefer, by Check, Money Order or Bank Draft, or, If you
SEND NO MONEY
Pay postman on arrival. Our price plus postage.
Examine merchandise carefully and if not as
represented just return sime and get your MONEY
BACK. BANK REFERENCES.
r p p p Illustrated Catalogue of Field Glasses
r •»-__--__• an(j Guns at Bargain Prices on Request.
EDWARDS IMPORT TRADING CORP.
258 Broadway, New York
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 473
"Will say I am
highly pleased; find
it does the work
of $ 100 machines.
Have had several
friends to Bee it;
they were surprised
that I got
such a good machine
for the money.
'I had an opportunity
to investi*
gate the other
makes of typewriters
and have
come to the conclusion
there ia
more real value in
your machine at the
price."
"I am well pleased with the typewriter and my friends
have expressed surprise that a machine of such value
could be turned out for the price. My son at the State
Normal School says it is the smoothest running machine
he ever tried and in many respects superior."
"Am pleased with typewriter; will take another five
machines."
BIG SAYING-FREE TRIAL
This beautiful machine is theonlybrand-new(unused),
standard, full-size typewriter wi_h a 4-row, 42-key, 84charactT
Universal keyboard that you can buy for less
than $100. It comes direct from factory to you at practically
the wholesale price of Other high-grade typewriters—a
remarkable sav nor- Use Annell'on your work
at our expense, put it to the test for ten days; then if it
doesn't satisfy you in every way, return it to us and we
will refund even the express charges. You take no risk.
Could anything be fairer?
Easy Terms
While you are using the machine, small monthly payments
scattered over a period or more than a year
make it easy and convenient to own this full-size,
brand-new (unused), 4-row, standard-keyboard typewriter.
Mechanical Marvel
Strength and simplicity are the outstanding qualities
of this machine. It embodies theideas and experience
of mechanical geniuses who have been making typewriters
for generations. Every essential operating
convenience is possessed by Annel!'. including the
4-row, 42-key, 84-character Universal standard keyboard.
It wi I last a business lifetime and is fully covered
by an ironclad guarantee.
Send Coupon Today
ANNELL
for complete information about the greatest of
all typewriter offers. Don't miss it. Act now.
TYPEWRITER
COMPANY
Chlcaga
_J>_ NOT AN ORDER'-MAIL TODAY __J
ANNELL' TYPEWRITER CO.
701 No. 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago.
Send me free catalog and complete information
nbout yur wonderful typewriter offer; this places
me under no obligation.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

474 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Nature's Own Art Gallery
(Continuedfrom page 452)
Indians, and some white visitors have
noticed a remarkable effect upon the
rocks of one of the stone crops. An extraordinary
image of a swan has come
into being and at the same time, owing
to the surfaces which are thus exposed
to the wind, a sound exactly like the
whistle of a wild swan has been produced.
The rock has been named Whistling
Swan. If you are at all of a superstitious
temperament, don't visit it in a high wind.
There are also a pair of Wise Owls, called
by that name, at Estes Park, in the entrance
of Rocky Mountain National
Park. Their grave and majestic figures
against the most wonderful sky expanse
on earth has also led to their being called
"Sermons in Stone" to indicate the impression
they make on the beholder.
Two other of the figures are out of
the ordinary. One of them is an enor­
Beating England at Her Own Game
(Continuedfrom page P9S)
young individual players and that is the
prevalence of the idea of encouraging
the "team-spirit," as it is called; that is,
the idea that the boy should play for his
"side" and not for himself. So, frequently,
he goes in for football and
cricket to the exclusion of tennis or golf.
I am not finding fault. Each one to his
own taste.
This has been a very wonderful year
for American golf. Jock Hutchison had
already annexed the open championship
of Great Britain, but this year Walter
Hagen, a genuine home-bred American,
brought it back, and in the first four
there were two other Americans, Jock
Hutchison and Jim Barnes. Indeed, had
it not been for George Duncan's remarkable
eleventh hour spirit, the first three
places would have been filled by American
professionals, instead of which he
tied for second place with Jock Hutchison.
Then we had the National Open,
where Gene Sarazen burst on us, burying
all the British talent that had come
to us, George Duncan, Abe Mitchell, and
Willie Hunter—quality, certainly, if not
quantity.
There was the Walker Trophy in
mous natural model in eroded stone of a
human skull. If some anatomy teacher
wishes to demonstrate the formation of
the framework of a human head in a
truly impressive manner from the most
extraordinary model he can get, let him
take his students to Skyline Drive, Canyon
City, Colorado. The stone skull is so
true to the shape of the human head
bones that it has been investigated by
scientists.
The other is the world's largest fashion
plate. If nature's tip is followed there
will be sculptors added to the types of
artists engaged in fashion designing. Not
only is this the biggest but the only existing
fashion plate in stone. An almost
flawless figure of the woman's head
dressed up in a Queen Marie Louise
coiffure such as royal dressmakers might
envy stands in North St. Vrain Canyon.
which America easily defeated England
and, lastly, the National Amateur Championship.
In this event a lad of about
twenty years, Rudy Knepper, put out,
one after the other, Francis Ouimet,
conqueror of Vardon and Ray; Torrance,
a British Walker Cup player; and Cyril
Tolley, ex-champion of England.
Then "Chick" Evans took Rudy Knepper
"into camp" by the somewhat wide
margin of 11 and 9. The next day young
Jesse Sweetser, of New York, put Chick
away 3 and 2.
So let no one doubt the amazing youth
and virility of American golf. There
are champions and super-champions
coming over the hill all day and every
day. Let us hope that before long we
shall have a properly Federated Golf
Association of the World so that the
peripatetic Golf Championship of the
World, so long advocated by me, may
properly be contested. It would indeed
be a great trophy and a valuable factor
in promoting international amity; also it
would do much to spread that wide
knowledge of the technique of the game,
which is absolutely essential to supreme
success in one of the greatest games in
the world, and one of the most valuable.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 475
Old Fabrics Made New!
When nap wears down or becomes
matted, you lose style, color and
freshness. Brush it up with the
Swift Wonder Brush, and all the
original beauty and richness are immediately
restored. The Swift Brush
is made expressly to renew the nap.
Use it on suits and overcoats, velour
hats, suede shoes, knit wear, auto
robes, rugs, furs, velour curtains,
velvets. Gives them new life and
longer wear. Pays for itself a hundred
times over each year.
BUILT ON A NEW PRINCIPLE
The Swift Brush is flexible throughout, even the handle. The
specially made wire bristles cannot injure the choicest fabric. Lasts
a lifetime. Just a few swift strokes and a new lustre, new richness
is the result. Nothing like it ever sold before. Brand new. Needed
every day in every home. Thousands of uses for it. Makes fine
hairbrush. For sale by all clothiers, department stores, furriers,
shoe stores, etc. Get yours today. If not at your dealer's, send 50c
and we will fill your order direct.
SWIFT MANUFACTURING COMPANY
22 QUINCY STREET, DEPT. 468, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
Perfect hearing is now being restored in
every condition of deafness or defective
bearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunk*
en Drums, Roaring or Hissing Sounds.
Perforated.WbollyorParliallyDestroyed
Drums. Discbarge from Cars, etc*
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
"Little Wireless Phones for the Ears"—
require no medicine but effectively replace what is lacking or
defective in the natural drums. They are simple devices,
which the wearer easily fits into the ears where they are
invisible. Soft, safe and comfortable to wear at all times.
Write today tor our 168 page FREE book on DEAFNESS.
giving you full particulars and plenty of testimonials.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
249 Inter-Southern Building LOUISVILLE, Kt.
We Pay $7.00 a Day
taking
orders for
Can't
Clog
Coal Oil
Burner
DAYTON. OHIO
Most perfect burner ever invented. Intense blue flame. Can'tclog
up. TurnB any coal or wood stove into a giis Btove. Heats ovem to
baklnK point in 10 minutes. Cheapest fuel known Low priced he is
everywhere. Nothing else like It. Not Bold in storea. Write Quick for s_
PARKER MFG. CO.. Burner 849.
nn T7> T> lo Car Owners. Carazemen and Mechanics. Send today
F R R K ior FR-E COPY oi lire Amencan Automobile Die.St.
X XV__/_-/ Cont-|-s helpiiil. instructive information on overhauling.
ignition, carburetors, storage batteries, wiring, adjusting, repairing, etc
American Profusely illustrated. Automobll. Digest, 611 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati. «__. __. Ohio -_,
Isham Jones Paul Biese Joseph Smith
The Conn Saxaphone
"The World's Best"
The first American saxaphone was built
in the Conn factory. Tbe best in tbe
world are still b ill here. So say the
great artists of tbe day who use Conn
instruments exclusively.
Play a Tune In One Hour. You can do
it witb a Conn Baxapbone, easiest of all
to learn. Beautiful tone; exclusive
features and improvements.
Send for Free Book and details of
Free Trial; Easy Payment Plan.
C. G. CONN, Ltd.
1151 Conn Bldg., Elkhart, Ind.
free «*°
Kindh mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
, WORLD'S
LARGEST MANUFACTURERS
OF HIGH GRADE BAND AND
ORCHESTRA INSTRUMENTS

476 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Quick Repair for Steady Rest Jaws
Just at the time a steady rest is wanted
for some small piece of work, it not infrequently
happens that the jaws have
been so worn by large work that they
will not close on the small piece. Of
course, the corners can be ground off so
that the jaws can close together enough,
but if this is done once or twice, the jaw
will be too short. To get the jaws in
shape quickly, weld on a brass face. This
can be easily ground to the proper shape
and is not as likely to score as cast iron
would. To Loosen a Tight Window-Sash
Xow that the fall housecleaning season
is here we discover that some of the window
sashes are jammed and will neither
raise nor lower. The usual method of
procedure is to call the janitor or friend
Hubby who, with a hammer and chisel or
thin-bladed knife, frets, fumes and labors
with the recalcitrant sash in an endeavor
to free it so that it will slide up and down
easily. In cases where success is obtained,
the air of having done a difficult
job and a heave of satisfaction are sure to
be in evidence. But, in cases where the
window sash absolutely refuses to budge,
the wreck of temper and incidentally of
wood and paint is positively a catastrophe.
How much easier and quicker it would
be for the janitor or Hubby if they knew
No More Worry About That Stuck-Fast Window If
You Will Apply This First Aid Treatment
how to loosen the sash with the single
tap of a hammer on a wooden block.
The outer casing of the window frame
is nailed to form a groove for the sash
to slide in and if this outer casing is
given a sharp tap with a wooden block-
hit by a hammer so as to drive the casing
outward from the inside, it will widen
the groove and give the sash more
sliding room and will also not damage
the wood or paint. This procedure works
effectively for the upper sash. It it is
the lower one that is stuck, the inner stop
should be removed and the sash tapped
lightly from the outside so as to free it.
These methods are easy and positive.
Quick Acting Tire -Valve Cover
The motorist drew up his coat collar
to escape the chill of the October wind
and, as he returned his hand to the wheel,
imni Ijy^l 11
he noticed that the car
was drawing sideways
JJA WdL^mJ because one of the
^^__-=>-/^ ""S. front tires was soft.
L / l At the first gas station
« E n^ / ° I \ n e stopped the car,
F___li^8_!y"X _^ drew up alongside of
^ — the air hose, and, get-
XT\ Aa\m ting ou t. commenced
Hr^^yfetrrTiT| to unscrew the brass
sW^Hl i
VSTHIIH
tire-valve cover. It
was so tight that he
~^ _^i-_il|_i had to refrain after
T
\r__fci*1 he had chilled his
fingers, soiled both
But Please Don't hands and also his
Steal the Baby's Bottle _< •««• ,
Nipple After You Have foves- Muttering un-
Read This Article. Any der his breath, he
Drug store Sells Them searched under the
froht seat for a pair of
pliers and, as he was messing around in
the tool compartment, another car drew
up to the air hose.
The owner of the second car leaped
out, caught up the air hose and reached
with his free hand for the tire-valve
cover which, with a single quick jerk,
he removed.
The first motorist stared, and, as the
other unscrewed the little valve-cap, approached.
Almost before he arrived, the
tire had been pumped and the mysterious
valve cover had been replaced. It was
some time before he comprehended that
it was of rubber and that it was nothing
then pumpings good bottle. car
other
with and deal
than
Its there easier.
four of
the
simplicity his
nipple
he of tires concluded them
from
might astounded so
a
to that
baby's
be equip made future him:
mill-
his a

AGENTS: $60 A WEEK
taking orders for Kerogas Burner
Fits any stove. Burns kerospne (coal oil), cheapest fuel known.
Qmckly lighted; turns off by valve.
Easy to get orders on account of high price and scarcity of coal.
Work spare time or full time. Write for bample.
Thomas Mfg. Co. B-589 Dayton, Ohio
PHONOGRAPH OWNERS: GOOD NEWS!
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 477
No More Changing Needles! No More Scratched and Ruined Records!
The fcverplay Needle cannot Injure your records like the _ t __l n_ _ ui... Tbe
playing: point consists of a fine, soft, special alloy wire 9 inches lonjr. coiled I
within the needle. It is extended aa used by a turn of the little star head, each |
adjustment playing thirty to forty records. It exactly fits the record groove)
at all times, bringing out every note and vibration without the surface
noise and scratch. Cleans and polishes the grooves: saves $25 to
$40 in steel needles and much more In wear ot records. Can be adjusted
loud or soft. Will last a lifetime. Guaranteed to play 27,000
records and the last as perfect as the first. Adda to the appearance
of your phonograph, nnd fits all reproducers Just 111 e an ordinary
needle. Price $1.00— 10c extra if 11. O. D. Actual size
Money back if not satisfied. F U F R P L A Y - ee -^' e C 2 ' De Agents wanted everywhere I McClurg Bldg., Chicago, III.
J 19
^-
SAVE
\1A_H_E
MONEY
Anyone with the aid of ELECTRICAL KINKS can do
the r own wiring and repairing of b.ild, lighting,
garages, irons, vacuum ck-ani-ra, washing machines,
etc.. everything for the HOME. $1.00 an hour easily
made in yonr spare time wo> kintr for othri _. ONLY
$1.00 postpaid or CO.D. 131 pages, 75 illustrations.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Send today.
Special Offer. Ask how you can get this book FHEE.
HOME BOOK COMPANY
388DA Arcade Bldg. CLEVELAND, OHIO
PEAFNESS IS .MISERY
1 know because Iwas Deaf ana had Head Noises
fcr over 30 years. My invisible Antiseptic Ear
Drums restored my hearing and stopped Head Noises,
and will do it for yoa. They arc Tiny Megaphones.
Cannot be seen when worn. Effective when Deafness
is caused by Catarrh or by Perforated, Partially or
Wholly Destroyed Natural Drums. Easy to put in,
easy to ul^e out. Are "Unseen Comforts." Inexpensive.
Write for Booklet and my sworn
Statement of how I recovered my hearing.
A. O. LEONARD
New Suite York 3o_,70 City 5th Avenue
STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIR­
CULATION, ETC., KLQCIKED BV THE ACT OF
CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912
Of Illustrated World, published monthly at Chicago, Illinois, for
April 1.1922.
State of ILLINOIS laa
County of COOK J 38 '
Before me, a notary public tn and for the State and county
aforetjaid, personally appeared Arthur B. Heiberg, who, having
been duly sworn according to law, deposes and savs that he is the
Editor of the Illustrated World, and that the following ls, to
the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership,
management, etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date
shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912,
embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on
the reverse of this form, to wit: 1. That the names and addresses
of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and busine.-s managers
are: Publisher, R. T. Miller, Jr., Drexel Ave. andS.thSt., Chicago,
III. Editor, Arthur B. Heiberg, Drexel Avenue and 6bth St.,
Chicago, 111. Managing Editor, None. Business Manager, None.
2. lhat the owners are: R. T. Miller, Jr., Drexel Ave. and 58th
St., Chicago, III., E. F. Miller, Scottsville, N. Y. 3. That the
known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning
or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages,
orothersecurities are: None. 4. I hat the two paragraphs
next above, giving the names of the owners, stockholder-, and
securityholders, if any, contain not only the list of stockholders
and security holders as they appear upon the bookB of the company
but also, ln caRes where the s*.ockholiler or security holder
appears upon the books of the company IM trustee or in any other
fiduciary relation, the name of the peroon or corporation for
whom such trustee is acting is given: also that the said two paragraphs
contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge
and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which
stockholders and security holders who tfo not appear upon the
books of the company as trustees, ho d stock and securities in a
capacity other than that o£ a bona tide owner; and this affiant has
no reason to believe that anv other person, association, or corporation
has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock,
bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. Signed, Arthur
B. Heiberg. Sworn to and subscribed Kindly before mention me this Illustrated 22nd day of World when writing advertisers.
September.
October 9.1923.)
1922. Signed, R. D. Fuller. .My commission expires
€€

478
Spraying with a Gasoline Blowtorch
A common gasoline blowtorch makes
one of the finest devices for the spraying
of disinfectants or insect poisons.
Kerosene, the one universal insect
killer, is successfully sprayed with the
blowtorch. Housewives
can save many
a dollar if it is used
instead of the costly
prepared lotions of
advertised fame but
doubtful results.
Kerosene will kill
the eggs and larvae of
all insects and bugs;
and when sprayed with
the blowtorch will enter
into every little
nook and cranny.
During houseclean-
ing the housewife uses
it to spray the corners
of the ceiling, the
washboards, top and
bottom, and goes over
the beds and the bed
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Showing How the Blow-
Torch Is Applied to
Ceiling Edges to Eliminate
Insects with Kero-
springs to kill the eggs and bugs, which,
although unseen, often are hidden in the
crevices of the metal or wooden parts.
For spraying chicken coops and pens
the blowtorch is superior to a handoperated
atomizer, as it can be pumped
up to a high pressure and be twisted and
turned in all directions while being held
in only one hand. It is impossible to use
an atomizer in this way.
For spraying high ceilings, tie the
torch onto a long broomstick. The blowtorch
blows a fine, penetrating spray into
the spot at which it is pointed and by its
efficiency waste is reduced to a minimum.
After using a blowtorch for spraying,
it should be rinsed out with a little gasoline,
which dissolves any residue and
cleans it thoroughly.
Glue Size Under Paint
When painting over the bare plaster
of the walls or ceiling of a room that has
not been previously treated, it is a decided
error to apply a coat of thin melted
glue or glue size to the plaster before the
paint is flowed on. It is at once apparent
that if a plaster wall is sized with glue
and then given several coats of paint
over that, the paint has then absolutely
no chance of reaching the wall and getting
a good holding-grip on the plaster
itself. If the plaster happened to get
wet, or even damp, the contracting-strain
of the coats of paint would peel the paint
film from the wall, as often happens because
the soft glue is between the paint
and plaster. The paint should be applied
directly to the wall and glue size, which
after all is but a very poor and cheap
substitute for a coat of paint, should be
used only between water-impervious
paint coats. The best method is to not
use glue size at all and confine your
painting operations to the use of pure
paint. The results thereby attained will
give lasting service that will be entirely
satisfying and absolutely reliable.
To Make an Extension Ladder
Often when painting, repairing or doing
other work around house or barn, the ladders
are not high enough to reach the topmost
peak. An extension ladder which is
adjustable to any desired height can be
made by coupling two shorter ladders
with two clevises
and an iron band.
The iron band
should be fitted to
the upper end of
ROM BAND1
.-CLEVI-ES-^
^Sgi •
Two Clevises with an Iron
Band Will make an Extension
Ladder
the bottom ladder
so as to allow the
upper ladder to
slide between the
band and the lower
ladder. The upper
portion should then
be raised to the desired
height and the
two clevises fastened
over parallel
rungs of both ladders.
By means of
the clevises the
upper ladder will
be held safely in
place. /.djusting
the extension ladder
to other heights
will not be difficult.
With an extension ladder of this sort
built from two short ladders, it is an easy
and quick matter to reach almost any desired
point in the house or around the
yard.

The Midget
"Five - in - One" Slide Rule
is a combination Mannheim, Polymetric, Log-
Log, Binary. Aildand Subtract Slide Rule. It
will instantly add, subtract, multiply and divide
any combination of whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers and decimals. Gives
every root and power, also Logs. Sines, and
Tangents. Made u. aluminum with scales on
whit* celluloid. Siz« 4 in. Approved and adopted
by colleges.
Price with Instructions, $1.50. Leatherette
Case 60c. extra. Catalogue Free.
GILSON SLIDE RULE CO., Miles, Mich.
Irresistible Eyes
are those which are Bright
and Sparkling. Keep Your Eyes
Young and Beautiful through the
daily use of Murine. It has stood
the test of time. At all Druggists.
w.
Adustable Diaphragm Clearance
w» eu»f-
Edoson Radio Phones i dgg$fc&
rclundcd. The jdiunmcm feature place
phot!t_ on i par with ihe world') grcaicxr n
Our i dealer p.ofit*
lone* from bad accounts, hef
Better phonei cannot be made. Immediate
deliveries. Double 1000 Ohm seta. JJ 98; I SOO
Ohm single set, J2.50. Circular free.
Edeson Phone Co., 6 Bach St., Dept B42.
^SHORTHAND
/ Boyd—the IN Wonderful, ONE New, MONTH
Easy System. Writers
holdWorld's record. lOOto 150 words a minute in 30 daya guaranteed.
NewPrinciples—dictationfirstweek. Best for Court lie porting
and Secretaries. AlsoTypewritinp, Bookkeeping and Commercial
Law. Send today fnr Catalog and Money-Back Guarantee.
CHICAGO HOME STUDY SCHOOLS, 803 Reaper Block, Chicafo, III.
5 Master Keys
Open and teBt thousands of different locks. Tell
you instantly if your door or padlocks ore burglar
proof. Nerve in emergencies, too. Novel key
chain FUKE. Send SI today. Agents Wanted.
Mention if interested when ordering.
MASTER KEY CO.
7-K Manhattan Block Milwaukee. Wis.
ECZEMA
IS ONLY SKIN DEEP
and can be Instantly relieved and quickly
healed by the use of CRANOLENE, the successful
cranberry cream treatment for stubborn
skin troubles. At drug stores, 35c and
$1.00, or write Ior Free Test Treatment to
Cranolene Company. Dept, T Girard. Kansas
_ *r• • i.• . i promise, •.hattcrcd dreams, lone mimsm
months ol misery, finally divorce; all caused
by ignorance ol sexual subjects. Men,women
—know one another. Our bi|[ books will brine
full understand inc on all sex subjects. Come to
headquarters for your sex books. Sex Secret*,
SI.60. Sex Advice to Women, $1.35- Never
Told Stones, $1.35. Replete with information.
Beautifully cloth bound. Sent C. O- D- Bie
list and full description two red stamps.
I.Smetana 6. Co., Owosso, Michy
Sell Your Services to the Highest Bidder
We need high class solicitors and salesmen to represent a
high class magazine.
GOOD PAY-AGREEABLE WORK
Write to-day for full particulars
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 479
TYPEWRITER SENSATION!
Free Trial—Use as You Pay
Send us only $4.00 a month until the low total
price of $48.85 is paid, and the machine is you
This is absolutely the most generous typewriter offer
ever made. Do not rent a machine when you can pay
$4.00 a month and own one. Cash price $44.00, just a
little less than half its original price.
/STANDARD^ CMITU Model
V VISIBLE ) O.YII IM No.
Perfect machines. Standard Blze, Keyboard of Universal arrangement,
writing 84 characters. The entire line of writing completely
visible at all times, has the tabulator, the two-color ribbon, the back
spacer, ln fact every late style feature and modern operating convenience.
Comes to you with everything complete; tools, cover,operating
book and Instructions—nothing extra to buy. You cannot
Imagine the perfection ol this beautiful reconstructed
typewriter until you have seen It. We have sold thousands
of these perfect late style machines and every one of these
thousands of satisfied customers had this beautiful, strictly
up-to-date machine on five days'free trial before deciding
to buy it. We will send It to you F. O. B. Chicago for five days?
free trial. It will sell Itself, but If you are not satisfied that this Is
the greatest typewriter you ever saw, you can return it at our expense.
You won't want to return It after you try it, for you cannot
equal this wonderful value anywhere.
SEND NO MONEY
Putin Your Order Now M
When the typewriter arrives deposit with the
express agent $4.85 and take the marhlne for
live days' trial. If you are convinced that It ls
the best typewriter you ever saw keep It and send us $4.00 a month
until our bargain price of $48.85 Is paid. If you don't want It. return
It to the express agent, receive your $4.85 and return the machine.
We will pay the return express charges. This machine Is guaranteed
Just as If you paid $100.00 lor It. It Is standard. These typewriters
are samples the manutacturer had at their branch offices throughout
United States and have never been used except for demonstration
purpose. Just like new but at extremely low price. The supply at
this price is limited, the price will probably be raised when
next advertisement appears, so don't delay. Fill in the coupon
to-day—the typewriter will be shipped promptly. There
[snored tape. We employ no solicitors—no collectors—no chattel
mortgage. It Is simply understood that we retain title to the machine
until full $48.85 Is paid. You cannot Io*e. It is the greatest typewriter
opportunity you will ever have. Do not send us one cent.
Get the coupon In tho malls to-day—sure.
SMITH TYPEWRITER SALES CO., 190,218 N.Wells St.
SMITH TYPEWRITER SALES CO., 190, 218 N. Wells St., Chicago, 111.
Ship me the Standard Visible Smith Model No. 6, F. O. B. Chicago,
as described ln this advertisement. I will pay you $4.00 monthly as
rent until the $44-00 balance of the Special S48.85 sale price is paid.
The title to remain in you until fully paid for. It Is understood that
I have five days in which to examine and try the typewriter. If I
choose not to keep it I will carefully repack It and return It to the
express agent. It is understood that you give the standard guarantee.
Name
Street Address
City. _. State
Occupation or Business
ILLUSTRATED WORLD, CHICAGO
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

480 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
V/OUR favorite sport—plus the thrills of
motorcycling! An early morning jaunt
to duck-marsh or hunting lodge, with your
Harley-Davidson making miles seem short
as city blocks. Why.man,you can't beat it!
And you can't beat the 1923 Harley-
Davidson! its 10 improvements are added
touches of excellence to the greatest motorcycle
ever produced.
Reduced prices, too, on 1923 models!
Only $285 for the famous Twin—the
clean-cut, comfortable speed-mount that
travels 50 miles on a dollar's worth of
gas," oil and tires.
See your dealer for free demonstration
Write us for new illustrated literature
Harley-Davidson Motor Co.
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Opportunity for dealers in unaaaigned
territories. Address Desk A-2
Kindly mention Illustrated
Look! See What Vou Get—Special WITTE
Throttling Governor Engine with non-spill
extension hopper—weight over axle—2 wheel
truck—easy to mov_. DirectGeared. Lever controlled
clutch—Arm swing motion. We have
only one Log Saw—our New Improved. Lighter,
stronger—Bteady running—worth more. Lifetime
Guarantee—Cash or Terms—Immediate Shipment.
Tree Saw at small extra cost. Catalog Free.
WITTE ENGINE WORKS,
2128 Oakland Avenue, Kansas City. Mo.
2128 Empire Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.
"WIZARDS OF JOY"
when writing advertisers.

THEPEC»E£'
&iiim
vfiilC
•*wt|""
4>t> .__£*_
Weekly. Pay
Vouch, er
£
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 481
Was BJWIK.-"
IN- jr
1 %&' Ha4^iJ"-.
* /'
f—ioaa.
_NQ.X3? _:
JOJQPJSO- .
_ :—wr__I>o_la.rs
sWL/ruu //oa; FREE
T O the average man the $10,000-a-year job is
only a dream. Yet today there are a surprising
number of men earning five figure salaries
who were merely dreaming of them a short while
ago. The secret of their success should prove a
startling revelation to every ambitious man who has
ever aspired to get into the $10,000-a-year class.
There is nothing "different" about the man whose
salary runs into five figures. He is made of the
same stuff as you and I. For example, take J. P.
Overstreet, of Dallas, Texas. A few short years
ago he was a police officer earning less than $1,000
a year. Today his earnings are in excess of $1,000
a month—more than $12,000 a year. C. W. Campbell,
Greensburg, Pa., was formerly a railroad
employe on a small salary—last month his earnings
were $1,562.
Read These Amazing
Why Stories Don't of Success YOU Get into
Earned S5Z4 In Two Weeks
the Selling Field?
I had never earned mire tha
Mr. $306 Overstreet, and week $218. M r.
W. Kearns. Oklahoma Citv.Okla.
I Now Eam as High as $1 OO a Day
I took your course two years
ago. Was earning SIS a week
clerking. Am now selling many of
the largest firms in tlie U.S. I
have earned more than $100 in a
day. You secured me my pc._itk.t_.
Our Salee Manager is a graduate of
yours.—J.L. DeBonis,Chicago,111.
Earns $1562 In Thirty Days
.My earnings for the pant thirty
days are $1,502.00, and I won
Beoond Prize in March, althoueh
I only worked two weeks during
that month. — C . W. Campbell,
Greensburg, Pa.
Earned S1.80O In Six Weeks
My earning for March were
over $1,000 and over $1,800 for the
last six weeks, while last week my
earnings were $356.00. I travel
eleven months out of the year,
working 5 days each week.
The N.S.T.A.dug mc out of a
rut where I was earning less than
$1,000 a. year and showed me how
to make a success—J. P. Overatreet.
Dallas, Texas.
Campbell, and the others
whose letters you see on
this page are all successful
salesmen. They have
stepped into the $10,000a-year
class — and they
never sold goods before!
It is hard to believe that
such big success could
come so quickly and
easily. Yet it was all
amazingly simple! Ask
them the secret of their
sudden success. They will
tell you they owe it to
the National Salesmen's
Training Association.
This is an organization of
from expressly and top-notch of selling taken sales training helping all managers hundreds positions. walks for salesmen them men the of of purpose life to formed to It good men sell and has
made them Master Salesmen—it has lifted them
out of the rut and shown them the way to magnifi­
cent earnings, to fascinating careers and big selling
positions.
We Train You and Help You Land a Job
What these men have done you can do! In your
spare time at home you can easily master the secrets
of selling that make Star Salesmen. Whatever
your experience has been—whatever you may be
doing now—whether or not you think you can sell
—just answer this question: Are you ambitious
to earn $10,000 a year? Then send me your name
quick! I will prove to you without cost or obligation
that you can easily become a Star Salesman,
I will show you how the Salesmanship Training
and Free Employment Service of the N. S. T. A.
will help you to wonderful success in Selling,
Free Boob on Salesmanship
Just mail the coupon or write for our great illustrated
book, "Modern Salesmanship," which we will
send you Free. Let us prove to you that regardless
of what you are doing now you can quickly become
a Star Salesman. Let us show you how you, too,
can step into the ranks of the big money makers
of business. See how easily you can learn this fascinating,
big pay profession at home in your spare
time. Learn what we have done for others and
what we stand ready to do for you. Don't put it
off until tomorrow—write us today. Mail the
coupon at once.
National Salesmen's Training Associat
Dept. 45-W, Chicago, III., U. S. A.
National Salesmen's Training Association
Dept. 45-W,Chicago, 111., State.. U. S. A.
Please send me, without any obligation on my part, your free book.
Occupation.
"Modern Salesmanship," and full information about the N. S. T. A.
system of Salesmanship TrainlnK and Employment Service. Also a
list showing lint.3 of business with openings for salesmen.
Kindly mention Illustrated World Name when writing advertisers.
Street City Age

482 RATED WORLD
Wk STANDARD
HISTORY
WORLD
-nXM ~'i
i ^ .
STANDARD
HISTORY
OFTHS
^••'jcss-a,/
#
" ' Tir " ~
ui
STAN DA hD
HlSTOJtY WORCD
• (a^J ^ M
v'-mmy ,i__
#
STANDARD
HISTORY
_--,
E W-AUTHENTIC-COMPLETE
By 100 of the World's Greatest Historians
I 111 Vols. OWUU Pages lUUv Pictures
• I [ . ^ ~ : ' = - "
-®
STAMOAM
-^S5i=^-
WS t »
- THE
STAHDARC
HISTORY
NEVER BEFORE—Perhaps NEVER > ^
Wilt This Newest and Greatest Histo
Be Offered on Terms Like These
This great new work, by 100 of the world's greatest historians, is now ready for immediate
delivery. The publisher has placed the entire first edition in our hands for immediate
sale. We slashed his price and made our own. We made the easy payments so small
that every book-lover can now afford this richly bound, complete, and only authorized
Standard History of the World
U P 'till now hundreds—thousands—of
men and women
who know the thrill and fascination
of reading and living over
with them the lives, conquests,
and romances of the world's
greatest characters have been
denied the pleasure of owning
their own histories because of the high
prices of the really authentic works But
now this last barrier has been smashed.
The greatest HISTORY is offered to you
at a price and on terms that may never
be given again.
Thrilling, Gripping, Enthralling
Have you thought that History must
be a dull recital of uninteresting names
and dates? Then, you have the a surprise style of
6,000 Years ol
in
store. the STAND­ For
Thrilling History ARD HIS
Rather than be con­
TORY O F
tented with the com mon- THE WORLD
place, yon can read the
fascinating and exciting
stories of grandeur, daring,
heroism, martyrdom.
romance and love that
is as gripping
and thrilling
as the most
intense fic­
mark the lives of the
great timires nf tinif.
Trace the amazing careers
of Hannibal, Catherine
the Great, Tamertion.
It i s
infinitely
more interesting,
for in
lane, Napoleon, Marie
Antoinette, Peter the
Hermit, Ivan the Terrible.
Alexander, Emperor
Old, Joan of Arc, and n
truth we find
more amazing
situations
than ever the
thousand other astounding
figures.
brain of man
conceived —and more inspiring
tales than in the greatest fiction
ever written.
Mankind's Wondrous Story
This wonderful new History
—in its own gripping, intimate
way, takes you back to the misty
dawn of the birth of man —
primitive and groping — and
traces his amazing career — his
wars, his loves, his masterful
accomplishments, his failure:
his tragedies and romance
down through the long higl
way of time, through tt
romantic days of Chaldea
grandeur, Assyria's magml
cence. Babylonia's wealth ar
luxury, Greek and Rorm
splendors, Mohammedan culture ai••
refinement, through the uncertai
perilous days of French elegance ai
British power, right down to t
present decade.
\Jf|IM7 Send lor Wonderiul 1701717
'fl
n.UVV Now as never before 32-page is your chance Booklet rKLt
to have for your own this magnificent
history that you always have wanted.
It is the history that you knew some day
would be written—the history you have
waited for.
To give you a better idea of the simplicity,
the vivid, gripping style, the
authenticity, the completeness, the
power and scope of this remarkable
work we have made up and will send you
free—without cost or obligation to buy—
a beautiful 32-page book containing actual
pages taken right out of the History
and including text matter and pictures
of many of the Great Characters of
History.
With this Free Booklet we will name
our special price and easy terms to every
person who is interested. The edition is
limited and is going fast. If you wish to
Kindly mention own Illustrated the greatest U'orld history zvhcn ever writing written advertisers.
send at once for details of this amazi
price and easy term offer. Fill out t
coupon very carefully and mail it
once as the opportunity may nei
come again.
FREE COUPON
Western Newspaper Association
140 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 12-2
Please mail, without cost to me
your H'J-page ooblet of sample pRf'
of the STANDARD H1STOKY 01'
THE WORLD, and write me full patticnlnrs
of your Bpecial offer to
Illustrated World readers.
Name
Address.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII DECEMBER, 1922 No 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
It's Never Too Late to Make Good Frank Bacon 500
"Lightnin' Bill Jones"—Himself William F. French 502
An Intimate Glimpse of Frank Bacon.
Where's the Glider Taking Us? Henry Woodhouse. . 505
What You Look for in Toys George V. Hobart 508
Fairyland Invades the Films E. De Beer 511
"The Big Thing's Got to Move" Frank Braden 513
How the Big American Circus Gets Over the Road.
Outdoors with Your Camera in Winter Elon Jessup 519
Among the Cliff Dwellers of Northern Africa H. Murray Jacoby. . 522
Sitting on the Top of the World Horace Breese Powell 525
Making Indoor Golf More Useful P. A. Vaile 529
Squirrel and Man—Dealers in Seeds S. Omer Barker 532
A Strange Town Francis Dickie 535
Was the "Cave Man" Our Ancestor? Mark H. Revell 536
The Norwegians at Home Alfred E. Henderson. 540
Are Your Eyes Fit to Drive a Car? Harry E. Pine 545
Would a Girl Guide Keep You Climbing? Bertha Snow Adams. 548
Paydirt from Poor Soil George H. Dacy 551
The Romance of a $12,000,000 Apple Robert H. Moulton . 553
The Highest Dam Ever Built H. D. Benton 556
Fish That Swim to the Market Places Wyman Smith 558
Keeping Farms and Roads from Burning Up Earl Christmas 561
New Parcel Post Terminal of Chicago to Have Largest
Package Handling System G. Anderson Orb... 565
A Hotel for Hungry Sheep D. H. George 568
City Street Slides Downhill Ivan E. Houk 571
The Advertising Business—What It Offers You William F. French... 573
A Mechanical Mathematician 576
The White Gold Pirate Merlin Moore Taylor 577
Third and Concluding Installment.
"When the North Wind Blows"—On Your Motor Car J. E. McDowell 583
The Proper Care of Your Storage Battery T. A. Murphy 588
Hey! My Relay! Louis J. Becker 591
Pavement Signs Promote Safety Charles Martel Niles. 593
Helpful Hints for the Home 597
A Five-Room Stucco Bungalow Charles Alma Byers. . 601
Easily Made Variable Condensers for Radio Receivers 603
How to Build a Fireplace for Heat—Not Smoke Franklin Mundorf.... 605
Kids and Curs H. M. Lewis 609
Boy Scouts as Construction Engineers Dr. E. D. Kelly 611
MANY OTHER FEATURES
See Next Page
Illustrated World sbould be on tbe news stands on the lOtb of tbe month preceding the date of issue. If unable to get the magazine
on the 10th you will confer a favor by notifying the Circulation Manager. ^News-stand patrons should instruct tbeir News-dealer to reserve
a copv of Illustrated World, otherwise tney are likelv to find the magazine "sold out."
TERMS: $..00 a year: 25 cents a copy. Canadian postage, 25 cents additional. Foreign postage, 75 cents additional. Notice of
change of address sbould be given thirty days in advance to avoid missing a number
R_ T. MILLER. Jr., Publijbei
Advertising Office: Publication Office: Eastern Advertising Office:
Peoples Gas Building, Chicago Drexel Avenue and SSth St., Chicago 120 Fifth Ave., New York City
Copyright. 1922. bylllusrrated World
Published monthly—Entered 39 aecond-class mail matter at the Postoffice. Chicago, 111., under tbe Act of March ., 1879.
Entered as second-class mail matter at the Postoffice Department, Canada

Dear Reader:
In the Editor's Page of the November issue, we
solicited comments and criticisms from our readers
regarding the contents of ILLUSTRATED WORLD.
The numerous responses we have received confirm
our belief that we have a magazine that is unique, and
one that the average reader finds, as one writer expressed
it, "positively interesting." With the new
year before us, we feel sure that not only will we hold
your interest, but that you will find ILLUSTRATED
WORLD indispensable in your home or office.
Human interest, personal service and material progress
will be, as they have been in the past, the outstanding
features of every issue.
The January number will be a striking illustration
of this point. Among its features is a graphic article
by Colonel Edward B. Clark concerning the marvelous
work being done by Americans in France to help the
people of that republic to get back on their feet.
Colonel Clark has recently returned from a four
months' tour of that country and he tells you things
that will make you feel very proud of our workers in
general, and our women in particular.
Another human interest high light of that issue is
a story by Harry F. Weber, Jr., famous vaudeville
scout, entitled "I Knew Them When—," in which he
gives intimate glimpses of America's theatrical stars
before they even glimmered; in other words, where
and how he found performers who later became sensations
on the stage. John Hertz, head of the Yellow
Cab Company, of Chicago, the greatest organization
of its kind, tells you to "Write Your Own Pay Check;"
William Fleming French presents another article of his
educational-success series, on "Salesmanship," and
J. E. McDowell tells the motorist "How to Store Your
Car in Winter."
Starting with this issue will be a department devoted
exclusively to boys, containing human interest items
and practical hints that not only will appeal to the
young American, but to his Dad as well.
Yours for the best magazine.
Editor.
>^v^L

$500 REWARD
W A R R E N BIGELOW, the Finger Print Detective, Almost immediately Bigelow turned his attention to a
Jar was making TWO his usual review in the HOURS morning heavy table which had been WORK
tipped up on its side. Exam­
newspapers. He had just finished reading the
press reports of the daring robbery of the offifos
of the T— 0— Company when the telephone on his
desk rang. Central Office was calling, asking liim to come
immediately to the scene of the robbery.
Although he drove his high powered roadster rapidly and
arrived very shortly at his destination, he had plenty of
time to consider the main features of the case as reported
by the press. The job had undoubtedly been done by skilled
cracksmen and robbers of uncommon nerve. Sixty-five hundred
dollars in currency—the company pay-roll—were gone.
Not a single, apparent clew had been found by tbe police.
Finger of Detectives, Print who had Expert gone eve the Solves ground thoroughly. Mystery
On "Hello, his arrival, Warren. Bigelow Here's a was job greeted by Nick Austin, Chief
that has us stumped. I hope you
can unravel it for us."
By this time, the district officers
and the operatives from
Central Office had almost given
up the investigation. After hours
of fruitiess efforts, their work
was at a standstill. They were
completely baffled.
With lively interest and a
feeling of relief they stepped back to await the results of
the Finger Print Detective's findings. They were plainly
awed at his quiet, assured manner. The adroit old Chief
himself was manifestly impressed at the quick, sure way in
which Bigelow made his investigation.
University of Applied Science, DepL A-138,1920 Sunnyside
Gentlemen: Without any obligation whatever send me J
your new, fully illustrated, FREE book on Finger Prints
Name and your offer of ,., a FREE course in Secret Service Intelligence
and the Free Professional Finger Print Outfit.
Address
8
i
Present Occupation Age t
ination of the glossy mahogany showed an excellent set of
finger prints. The thief might just as well have left his
calling card.
To make a long story short his prints were photographed
and taken to Central Office, where they were matched with
those of "Big Joe" Moran, a safe blower well known to the
police. Moran was subsequently caught and convicted on
Bigelow's testimony and tinker-print proof. Most of the
money was recovered. In the meantime the T— O— Company
had offend a $500.00 reward, which was given to Bigelow—
his pay for two hours' work.
Learn at Home in Spare Time
Why doritYou Be a
linger Print Expert?
Could you imagine more fascinating work than this? Often
life and death depend upon decisions of finger-print evidence
—and big rewards go to the Expert. Thousands of trained
men are now needed in this
great field. The finger print
work of governments, corporations,
police departments, detective
agencies and individuals
has created a new profession.
your spare time—at home. Many experts regularly earn
education and average ability from can $3,000 become to $10,000 a year
Detective in a surprisingly in short this time. fascinating game. And
now you can easily learn the
Free Course in Secret secrets of Service
this new Science in
For a limited time we are Any making man a with special common offer school of a
Professional Finger Print Outfit, absolutely Free, Finger and Print Free
Course in Secret Service Intelligence. Mastery of these two
kindred professions will open a brilliant career for you.
Write quickly for fully illustrated free book on Finger
Prints which explains this wonderful training in detail.
Don't wait until this offer has expired—mail the coupon
now. You may never see tbis announcement again! You
assume no obligation—you have everything to gain and
nothing to lose. Address
Dept. A-138, 1920 Sunnyside Avenue, Chicago, Illinois
UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCE
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

486 ILLUSTRATE
EARLE E. LIEDERMAN
as he is to-day
If You Don't Exercise—
YOU DIE!
It's the plain truth, fellows, and you might as well face it.
Tlie human body demands exercise to keep ft alive just as surely
as it does fund. If you doubt it, tie your arm to your side for
one muntil and watch it waste away.
There's a RIGHT way and a WRONG way
Some say, "That's all right, but jou can exercise too much."
Right again. You can also kill yourself by over-eating, but you
eat just the same. We eat moderately three times a day and we
get the best results. But how

pf
irnfiniffi-
"Ihadsi>Jhonest, serving mens;
(TheVfauqht me alllhneiV):
Their and HOW names and are WHERE WHAT and and WHO.", WHYand WHEN,
(KIPLING)
WHAT was the Declaration of London? WHATare consols?
WHY does the date for Easter Jar-/ from Year to year?
WHEN ana 1 by whom was tlie great pyramid of CKeops built?
HOW can ybu distinguish a malarial mosquito?
WHERE is Canberra ? Zeebrugge ? Delhi ?
WHO was Mother Bunch? Millbo/of the Slashes ?
Are these "si* 1 men"serVmg ;ybu too? GiVe them
an opportunity' b/ placing
WEBSTER'S
NEW INTERNATIONAL
DICTIONARY
in your home, office, school, club, shop, library.
This " Supreme Authority " in all knowledge offers service,
immediate, constant, lasting, trustworthy. Answers all kinds of questions.
A century of developing, enlarging and perfecting under exacting care
and highest scholarship insures accuracy, completeness, compadtness,
authority.
The name Merriam on Webster's Dictionaries has a like signifi
cance to that of the government's mark on a coin. The NEW dJ ^
INTERNATIONAL is the final authority for the Supreme Courts
and the Government Printing Office at Washington.
WRITE for a sample page of the New Words, specimen of Regular and India
Papers, also Booklet "You are the Jury," prices, etc To those naming III. j4^ ^•X £•,
World we will send free a set of Pocket Maps.
G. &. C. MERRIAM COMPANY, Springfield, Mass.
Established 1631
*JJ%*
111 ' •HITTTTTlV-Trmillllll • MM,,,,. I , , , rTTTTT_
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

488
ILLUSTRATEl
"This is a sample of our work"
BLACKMAIL!
Ablackmailer burned one of Mr. Moore's lumber
mills and sent him the photo above. He
typed on the picture : "This is a sample of
our work." When he pulled the letter out of the
machine, he left his thumbprint on the paper.
lie might as well have signed his name and
address.
MYSTERY SOLVED BY
FINGERPRINT EXPERT
A Fingerprint Expert photographed the thumbprint
and compared it with the print shown above
—that of a man who was arrested for gun-toting.
They were identical. The blackmailer confessed
and was sent to jail. A fingerprint expert had
solved another mystery.
MASTER THIS PROFESSION
Only a few hours of easy, spare time study and
you can master the science of fingerprints. Good
positions are waiting. Fingerprint experts are in
demand in banks, hospitals, big industrial plants.
corporations, police departments, detective bureaus
and government institutions. You'll be looked up
to. Your job will be one of the most important in
the place, and it will pay a good salary. No
special education needed. Our short, clear course
teaches every point you need'to know.
r*^> r* r 1 A Fingerprint Outfit absolutely
p 1 l\l *. free! This big special offer
.a. A ^______________ ean't bo held open long. Write
quick, before it expires. Send the coupon today
and get all the details.
DUNLAP SCHOOL SCHOOL OF FINGERPRINTS OF FINGERPRINTS
Send Quick
Dept. 431, 1029 S.Wabash Ave. FREE
^AA__AA__AA_>_.i>J
h FREE TRIAL-EASY TERMS
• choice of all STANDARD MAKES.
Dept. 431, 1029 S. Wabash Avenue
Chicago, Illinois
CHICAGO, ILL.
(lent kmen :
You may send me FREE your illustrated booklet
and full information about Secret Service
Course and tbe fingerprint outfit given free. This
dors not obligate me in any way.
Address
You've heard your neighf
praise the Pathfinder, the
wonderful illustrated news and stery
paper punished at Washington for people
This paper is the Ford of the publishing
r" world; has hall a million Subscribers. Chuck full ofjustthe
""" kind of reading you want. Unequaled digest of the world's
news. Question Box answers your questions. Stunts for children; real fun
for all. Exciting serial story starts soon. Send 13 cents (coin or stamps)
today for this bin $1 paper 13 weeks. You will be more than pleased
PATHFINDER, 638 Langdon Sta., WASHINGTON, D. C.
Perfect hearing is now being restored in
every condition of deafness or defective
hearing from causes such as
Catarrhal Deafness, Relaxed or Sunken
Drums, Roaring or Hissing Sounds,
Perf orated,Wholly orPartially Destroyed
Drums, Discharge from Ears, etc.
Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums
"Little Wire/ess Phones for the Ears"—
require no medicine but effectively replace what is lacking or
defective in the natural drums. They are simple devices,
which the wearer easily fits into the ears where they are
invisible. Soft, safe and comfortable to wear at all times
Write today for our 168 page FREE book on DEAFNESS,
giving you full particulars and plenty of testimonials.
WILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated
348 Inter-Southern Building LOUISVILLE, KY*
\\W PLAYASAW
You can produce wonderful, soft, sweet music
Stoff^A . _•___---- -.-.-_-_.from
a common carpenter's saw with a violin
bow or soft hammer, if you know how.
No musical ability required—you need
not know one note from another.
Easy to Learn in 3 Weeks
I absolutely guarantee to
teach you to play popular aDd
classical music within three
weeks. I give you the secrets
of my 10 years' success as a saw
•nusician, secrets I guarded carefully
urtill introduced "The Musical Saw."
Successfully instructed thousands.
No charge whatsoever if I fail.
FREE--a special tempered Musical
VSaw Saw Bow, Soft Hammer free
\witb Coarse of Instruction. This
' Course is short, simple and easy.
[jCT—• ""•f,yl Only three lessons, one each
» f f w k I week—no months of tedious practice, ^fl
_KJ_X I ' MAKE BIG MONEYandamaze your ^
aV-r t, I friends playing: for dances. Lodge J
•^, £ 3 ,! and Church Entertainments, Write ^H
•F" _^E__K today for information "How to Play ^B
W *Wa\W YPEWRITERS
' a Saw".-sent free.
^ C. J nlUSSEHL, 312 Mack Bldg-.. Ft. Atkinson, Wis. M
We Save Vou. 50 % t
DERWOOD, ROYAL, SILENT L. C
SMITH, Self-starting REMINGTON, etc.
'^Rebuilt by the Fatn.ns " Young Process."
iran teed (rood as new. Lowest cash prices.
s payments or rentals with special purchase
privilege. Largest stock In U> S.
Write for special prices and terms.
VOUNG TYPEWRITER CO., Dept. 483.CHICAG0
LAW Standard Tejt-Books. Approved bv Bench and Bar
High-Grade Instruction
iBy Correspondence)
Prepares You lor
the Bar —Est. 1892
University Methods.
graduates practicing in evnry state Send todav fnr
Free Catalog and New Tuition Plan.
Chicago School of Law
803 Reaper Block Chicago, 111.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

Let These Guides Solve Your Problems
«
E
iS-S'
WHIG IHAWKINS
-WAMl ELECTRICAL ,
CUIDE
-YNAHCS PlSTRIBUHt*
MOTORS j
«na_K !
c
ttSTIK-
STORUtt'
BAntRltS
: }
Tfs-2
I Px
HAWKINS ;HwniNSi totm HAWKINS - IHAWKINSJ .ELUVKINSI :
fiEcmcM' taini? ELECTRICAII (taw [Eitamtiiif .j-unmrtii
'- A.C. 'V \ A.C. - _ . RAILWAYS! MODERN
WmiWk IMoramf ^SYSTEMSK »"_.'«

490
% .'., . ..• • ••
GftStHWl-r
W«»~*1«,000
D
D
,
Ac_OUO*M~
D Ka4w» WWJ
Wfco5«« Expert
n
_,IIII niin.nl iiu—_i
DriftMttaR i»wt
' Caging
ILLUSTRATED
MetJawwcat
Which One?
Not one of these jobs is beyond your reach
Which one do you want ?
The kind of a fellow who gets ahead today—and holds
one of these high positions is the fellow with training.
Nowadays employers can find men with training very
easily—because colleges are graduating them pretty
fast—so the fellow who had to leave school early is
handicapped unless he gets training during his idle hours.
Today you can get it in your home town, every man €tw»« can,
regardless of how much time he spent in school. And
you can make every hour of your practical experience
pay big dividends as well. American School training was
made for YOU and has brought success to thousands.
Big Raise in Salary
It is easy to get, if you go about it in the right way. You f have ofte
heard of others who doubled and trebled their salaries in a year's time. m You wondered how they did it Was it a pull ? Don't you think it. &w6_r?
When a man is hired he gets paid for exactly what he does, there is no
sentiment in business. It's preparing for the future and knowing
what to do at the right time that doubles and trebles salaries.
Why Don't You Try It?
Why don't you see what an American School course will do for you?
Our experience in helping thousands of others will surely help you get
to the top. If you really want to get ahead, get busy and —
iil This Coupon Today
Send us your name and address on the coupon. Just write underneath,
in the coupon what job you want to hold. We'll tell you how
you can get just the training you need right in your own home.
You'll be under no obligation—and the information you will get will
do you a great deal of good. Let us help you. We are at your service
—and all you need to do is to send this coupon with your name and
address. Do it now—for your own sake and the man you want to be.
American School ^|- Chicago, U. S. A.
Oept. G848
/ want this job—tell me how to get it.
Job
Name
Address
-••WttJ^JlW
i x ; i
I- rjk
$28_&-4t»r
_J
__
§.__8__~_50_.
, -
&>«WK*r
.-: S2S8_-*S»S
•!
|.$_$>. 8& |
fitlKjujW
L_ lttw%
Kindly mention Illustrated World ivhen writing advertisers.
i
___,—_.

ED WORLD 491
_ ! _ _ _ _ _ =
See How Easy It Is To
Learn Music This New Way
Y O U KNOW how easy
it is to put letters
together and form
words once you have
learned the alphabet. Playing
a musical instrument is not very
much different. Once you learn
the notes, playing melodies on
the mandolin, piano or violin is
simply a matter of putting the
notes together correctly.
The first note shown above is
F. Whether you
are singing from
notes, playing the
piano or banjo or
any other musical
instrument, that
note in the first
space is always F.
The four notes indicated
are F, A, C,
E, easy to remember
because they
spell the word
"face." Certain
strings on the man­
dolin, certain keys on the piano.
represent these same notes—and
once you learn them, playing
melodies on the instrument is
largely a matter of following the
notes.
Anyone can now learn to play
a musical instrument at home,
without a teacher. A new simplified
method of teaching reduces
all music to its simplest
possible form. You can now
master singing, piano-playing, or
any musical instrument you
wish right at home, quickly,
easily, without endless study
and practice.
Practice is essential, of course
—but it's fun the new way.
You'll begin to play melodies
LEARN TO PLAY
ANY INSTRUMENT
Piano Mandolin
Organ Drnml and
Violin
Traps
Banjo Harmony and
Clarinet Composition
Flute Sight Singing
Harp Ukolele
Cornet Piccolo
Cello Trombone
Guilar Saxophone
Hawaiian Steel Guitar
Automatic Finger Control
Voice and Speech Culture
almost from the start. The
"print-and-picture" method of
self-teaching is fascinating; it's
simply a matter of following one
interesting step after another.
You learn that the note in the
first space is F, and that a certain
key on the piano is F.
Thereafter you will always be
able to read F and play it whenever
you see it. Just as you are
able to recognize the letters that
make a word, you will be able
t" recognize and
play the notes that
make a melody. It's
easy, interesting.
You don't have
lo know anything
whatever about
music to learn to
play a musical instrument
this new
way. You don't
have to pin yourself
down to regular
hours, to regular
classes. You
practice whenever you can, learn
as quickly as you please. All the
intricate "mysteries" of music
have been reduced to a method
of amazing simplicity—each step
is made as clear as ABC. Thousands
have already learned to
play their favorite musical instruments
in this splendid new
quick way.
You Can Play Your Favorite
Instrument Three Months
From Today
If you are dissatisfied with your
present work, let music act as the
stepping-stone into a new career. If
you long for a hobby, a means of
self-expression, let music be the new
interest in your life. If you wish to
be a social favorite, if you wish to
gain popularity—choose your favorite
instrument and. through the wonderful
home-study method of the U. S.
School of Music, play it three month'
from today.
You can do it. Youngsters of 10 to
12 years have done it, and men as old
as 60 years have found new interest
and enjoyment in learning how to
play a musical instrument. You don't
have to listen while others entertain
any longer. YOU can be the center
of attraction, the talented person who
holds the audience fascinated.
Is it the piano you wish to plav, the
mandolin, the violin, the saxophone?
Oo you want to learn how to sing
from notes? Are you eager to be
able to play "jazz" on the clarinet,
the banjo?
Free Book Explains
New Method
It costs you nothing and obligates
you m no way whatever to send for
our free book called "Music Lessons
in Your Own Home." Everyone who
is interested in music should send at
once for this valuable book. It not
only explains the wonderful new simplified
method of learning music, but
tells about a special short time offer
now being made to music-lovers.
Mail this coupon at once for your
copy. Remember, it obligates you in
no way whatever—it's free. But act
now before the supply is exhausted.
U. S. School of Music. 7712 Brunswick
Building, New York.
Please Write Your Name and Address
Very Plainly, so that there will be no
difficulty about the booklet reaching you
U. S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC
7712 Brunswick Bldg., New York City
Please send your free book, "Music
Lessons in Your Own Home," and
particulars of your Special Offer I
am interested in the following course-
Name
(Name of Instrument or Course)
Address
City State
(Please Write Plainly)
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

492 ILLUSTRATED -' "~
$80 Drafting Course Free
There is such an urgent demand for practical,
trainedDrasf tsmen that I am making this special offer in order
to enable deserving, ambitious and bright men to get into this line of
work. I will teach you to become a Draftsman and Designer, until you
are drawing a salary of $250.00 a month. You need not pay me
for my personal instruction or for the complete set of instruments.
$250 a
Month
Starting salary
Chief according Draftsman to my
agreement and
guarantee.Draftsmen's
work is
pleasant and
profitable. Positions are open paying
$3,600.00 a year in the best surroundings.
They are open everywhere. Thousands of
men are needed who have just the kind of
training I will give you. You can get this
training during spare time in your own home.
Mail the Coupon
for my valuable book •—"Succesful
Draftsmanship." It explains how YOU can become
a Successful Draftsman in a short time.
The book is free at present, so write AT ONCE.
Free Course Offer Coupon
Chief Draftsman Dobe
4001 Broadway, Div. 1389, Chicago
Without any obligation to me please
mail your book, "Successful Draftsmanship"
and full particulars of your
liberal 'Ptisonal Instruction" offer
to a fe*v students. It is understood
I am obligated in no way whatever.
Name-
Address
•
•
Will Train You Personally
on practical Draftingroom
work Until you are
competent and Until you
are in a permanent position
at a salary paying at
least $250 per month. This is an
exceptional opportunity for a
few selected ambitious men, between
the ages of 16 and 50
whom I will train personally.
Send the Coupon
or a letter and let me tell
you how you can become
a Draftsman in your
spare time and earn a good
salary. Don't delay — send
the coupon at once.
I Guarantee
Ti i:._trucl
competent
position at
Draftsman
poo until
and in a
p tying
a regular
_ salary of
$ 2 6 0 per
month arid
to furnish
oraplet • Draftsman's
working- outfit
• .nee fro n thestart.
FREE-this $ 25°J
Draftsman's Working Outfit

Opportunity Columns
Our rate for classified advertisements of ten words or more, name and address included, is 10 cents a word,
payable in advance. Advertisements for the January issue will be accepted up to November 25th, but early receipt of
copy insures good position under the proper classification.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD, Adv. Dept., Peoples Gas Building, Chicago.
AUTOS AND AUTO SUPPLIES
AUTOMOBILE owners, garagemen, mechanics,
send today for free copy of this
month's issue. It contains helpful, instructive
information on overhauling, ignition
troubles, wiring, carburetors, storage
batteries, etc. Over 120 pages, illustrated.
Send for free copy today. Automobile
Digest, 520 Butler Lfldg., Cincinnati.
MOTORCYCLES
LARGEST stock of new antl used motorcycle
parts and accessories in the world at
your disposal via Uncle Sam's mail. Write
for quotations. Motorcycle Parts Mfg. Co.,
2030-36 Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111.
BOOKS AND PERIODICALS
XMAS "Mysterious Hindoo Voice,"
"Astral Influences," Original "Titanic
Wreck," Books Moses "Spectre Phenomena,"
$2.00. Only 35 Full Course Lessons,"
"Master Key," Leather Gold Leaved, $5.00.
Kareza, $1.00; 11 Lessons, Philosophy,
$2.00; Personal Magnetism, $1.00; Private
Advice for Young Men, Women, 65 each;
Clairvovance, $2.10; Spiril World Religion,
$1.60; Seershlp, $2.00; Mediumship.
$2.00; Crystal Gazing and Glove. $2.75.
Sovereign Publishers, 4 0 Broadway, Buffalo
P.OOKS for sale on occultism, mysticism,
theosophy, mental science, advanced thot,
seersnip, sex secrets, crystal gazing, mediumship,
clairvoyants, personal magnetism,
mind reading, astrology, numerology, yogi,
hermetic anil rosi crucian philosophy. List
free. The Grail Press, Desk C, 712 G St.,
N. E., Washington, D. C.
BOOKS. All Kinds. Lists. Higene's,
B2141 Post Street, San Francisco.
PICTURES AND POSTCARDS
FRENCH models, wonderful posses, news
series, curious samples for 50c, $1, $2, $5.
Editions d'Art, Neuilly, Plaissance (S et
O), France.
FRENCH models, latest novelties; samples
for $1.00. $3.00, $5.00. Miss Louise
Constantin, 1, Rue Celina Dubois. Montrouge
(Seine), France.
FORMULAS AND TRADE SECRETS
ANT legitimate receipt or formula
furnished for one dollar, or money refunded.
H. & M. Specialty Co., Box 66,
Brighton, Mass.
FREE formula catalog. S. & H. Laboratories,
Boylston Building, Chicago.
GAMES AND ENTERTAINMENTS
PLATS, musical comedies and revues.
minstrel musk", blackface skits, vaudevillu
acts, monologs, dialogs, recitations, entertainments,
musical readings, stage handbooks,
make-up goods. Big catalog free.
T. S. Denison & Co., 623 S. Wabash, Dept.
33, Chicago.
SNEEZE Powder, Smell Bombs. Great
fun makers. Per box, IOc. Geo. Fenner,
2401 Jefferson, Louisville, Ky.
COINS AND STAMPS
500 VARIETIES, $1.00: approval selections
for beginni-rs; medium and advanced
collectors. Good references required.
Maxfield, Box 315, Amsterdam,
N. Y.
ROMAN coin, 1500 years old. 25c; 100
foreign and old American stamps, 25c.
Durso, Dept. 13. 25 Mulberry, N. T. City.
MOTION PICTURE BUSINESS
$35.00 PROFIT nightly. Small capital
starts you. No experience needed. Our
machines are used and endorsed by government
institutions. Catalog free. Atlas Moving
Picture Company. 468 Morton Bldg.,
Chicago.
CAMERA AND PHOTO DEVELOPING
SPECLVL Trial offer: Any size Kodak
film developed for 5c; prints 2c each. Overnight
service. Expert work. Roanoke I'boto
Finishing Co.. 256 Bell Ave., Roanoke. Va.
DAVE you a camera? Write for free
sample of our big magazine, showing how
to make better pictures and earn money.
American Photography, 260 Camera House,
Boston, 17, Mass.
LITERARY AND PHOTO PLAYS
FREE to writers, a wonderful little book
of money-mak ing hints, suggestions, ideas;
the ABC of successful story and play writing.
Absolutely free. Just address Author's
Press, Dept. 16, Auburn, N. Y.
WRITE Photoplays. $25—$300 paid
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience unnecessary.
Complete outline free. Producers
League. 50 2, St. Louis.
EARN $25 weekly, spare time, writing
for newspapers, magazines. Experience unnecessary.
Details free. Press Syndicate,
425 St. Louis, Mo.
POEMS—STORIES—AUTHORS—MSS
EARN $25 weekly, spare time, writing
for newspapers, magazines. Experience unnecessary'.
Details free. Press Syndicate,
4255, St. Louis, Mo.
SHORT stories, poems, plays, etc.. are
wanted for publication. Literary Bureau,
108, Hannibal, Mo.
SONG WRITERS
SONG writers send me one of your poems
today on any subject, I will compose tho
music. Frank Radner, 60 4 8 Prairie Ave.,
Dept. 627, Chicago.
MAIL ORDER METHODS
$30 A WEEK evenings, home; small
mall order business. Booklet for stamp.
Sample and plan, 25c. I trust you for $3.
Ills Scott, Cohues, N. T,
EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION
STUDY Bacteriology—become a laboratory
expert. Course interesting, can be
mastered in a few months at home or in
school. Good paying positions open. Degree
granted our graduates. School 13
years old. Send for announcement. American
College of Bacteriology, 2923 S. Michigan
Ave., Chicago, Illinois.
WAR RELICS AND PHOTOS
FOR Dens; collected from Europe's battlefields,
hemlets, guns, medals, shells, etc.
Completely illustrated catalogue with Sample
War Photos, 25c. I also buy war relics.
Lieut. Walsh, 2117 Regent Place, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
LANGUAGES
WORLD-ROM1C System, Masterkey to
All Languages. Primers, 16 languages,
$1,94 each language: Arabic, Chinese, Danish,
Dutch, English, Scotch English, French,
German, Italian, Japanese, Pan.iabi. Polish,
Portuguese, Russian, Spanish. Swedish. Pro­
nunciation-Tables, '.\ 2 languages. 30c each
language. Languages Publishing Company,
8 West 40th St., New York.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
START a pressing, cleaning and dyeing
shop, excellent field, splendid profits. We
tell you how. Write for booklet. Ben-
Vonde System, Dept. G, Charlotte, N. C.
BECOME a Laboratory Expert—Learn Interesting.
Profitable Profession of Bacteriology,
Microbiology. Extension and Residential
Courses. Diplomas—degrees granted. Help
secure positions. 46-piece urinalysis outfit
free to students. Send for free prospectus.
College of Microbiology, 'J65 Belden Ave.,
Chicago
START a cleaning, pressing, dyeing shop.
Splendid field, big profits. Plans free. International
System, Dept. 15, Excelsior
Springs, Mo.
SILVERING mirrors, French plate.
Easily learned. Immense profit. Plans free.
Wear Mirror Works, Dept. 32, Excelsior
Sprin g s. Mo.
NOW is the time. We can show you
how to buibl a clock for twenty-five cents.
Full instructions for a Quarter. H. & M.
Specialty Co., Box 66. Brighton, Mass.
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
ARE you old at forty ? See our advert
is. in. nt nn | ,i. ,• IX i.if this issue. The
Electro Thermal Company, Steubenville,
Ohio. __
57 MILES per gallon made with new patented
gasoline vaporizer. Write for partic -
ulars. Vaporizer Co., Pukwana. S. Dak.
SALES REPRESENTATIVE wanted »..

494 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
AGENTS AND HELP WANTED
MALE HELP WANTED
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
ARE you old at forty? See our advertisement
on page 4117 of tills issue. Tho
Electro Thermal Company, Steubenville,
Ohio.
CLEAN up $100.00 weekly from now till
Christmas with "FIFTY-NINE." Weekly
average 100 sales—dollar prollt each; 30-40
sales daily frequently made. Demonstrating
outfit cinches order. 30 other coln-coaxers.
All ideal lor Christmas gifts—several at
each house. Big rush now starting. Get
free sample outfit offer. Postal brings our
MEN—Will you increase your earnings?
Work at home evenings'. Then write, enclosing
stamped addressed envelope. Normande
V, 147 W. 23d St., New York.
FIREMEN, Brakeman, Baggagemen,
Sleeping Cur, Train Porters (colored), $140-
$200. Experience unnecessary. 833 Railway
Bureau, East St. Louis. 111.
"RELIABLE tire concern wants capable
man for County Representative and Sales
Manager. $50 capital necessary." Chicago
llubhcr Works, 2s4H Broadway. Chicago, 111.
unique plans. Davis Products Co., Dept. BE a Detective; excellent opportunity;
138. Chicago.
good pay; travel. Write C. T. Ludwlg, 41G
EASY, pleasant work for mechanics, shop­ Wcstnvcr Bldg., Kansas Pity. Mo.
men, clerks, .luring spare hours, w.ll add
many dollars to their salaries. Also want
DETECTIVES earn big money. Great
persons who can give full time, Hig wages
demand. Experience unnecessary. Particu­
assured. Novelty Cutlery Co., 305 liar St.,
lars free. Write American Detective System,
1.168 Broadway, New York.
Canton, Oh o.
MAKE money with your camera. Book­
AGENTS $8 a day. Take orders for
let free. Lancaster, 115R North Main, Los
Blue Ribbon Cutlery Set. Stainless steel. Angeles. Calif.
Guaranteed. We deliver and collect. Pay EARN $15$.'.ll weekly writing show
you daily. Big demand. Easy to take cards. No canvassing. Experience unneces­
orders. No capital needed. Write tor sary. We train ynu. Particulars, terms
sample outfit. Parker Mfg. Co., 1349, FREE. Showrlte Sign System, Inc., 180 1,
Dayton, Ohio.
Detroit, Michigan.
S______ necessities. Everybody needs and YOU are wanted. $100 to $105 month.
buys the "Business Guide." Bryant cleared U. S. Government Positions. Men and
$800 in July. Send for sample. It's tree. women over 17. Steady work. No strikes.
Nichols Co.. Dept. Ml. Naperville, 111. Life positions. Short hours. Pleasant
AMBITIOUS men, write today for at­
work. Common education sufficient. Expetractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to rience unnecessary
America's most popular automobile and
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales. Big
profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co.,
9520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati.
AGENTS—$15 a day; easy, quick sales;
free auto; big weekly bonus; $1.50 premium
free to every customer. Simply shuw our
beautiful, 7-pieee, solid aluminum handle
cutlery set. Appeals instantly. We deliver
and collect. Pay dally. New Era Mfg. Co.,
802 Madison St.. Dept. D35, Chicago.
GET our plan for Monogramming automobiles,
trunks, hand luggage and all similar
articles by transfer method; experience
unnecessary; exceptional profits. Motorists'
Access. Co., Mansfield, Ohio.
GOOD income, spare time, refinlshing
chandeliers, brass beds, autos by new
method. Exp. unnecessary. Write for free
samples showing finishes. Gunmetal Co.,
A ie. .1, ]>*•• atur. 111.
N«» HULL TIMES SELLING FOOD—
people must eat. Federal distributors make
big money; $3,000 yearly and up. No
capital or experience needed; guaranteed
sales; unsold goods may be returned. Your
name on packages builds your own business.
Frej samples to customers—Repeat
orders sure. Exclusive territory. A-d. Now!
Federal Pure Food Co.. Dept 54. Chicago.
SALESMEN ACT QUICK —Ten patented
auto necessities. Spark plugs, visors, windshield
cleaners, hose cla*Tips, etc. < ienerous
commissions. Jubilee Mfg. Co.. 31 Sta. C,
Omaha, Neb. ___
AGENTS—Signs of all kinds for stores
and offices. Rig money making line.
Atracto Sign Works. O, Cicero, P. O.,
Chicago.
EVERYBODY use-; Extracts. Sell DUO
Double Strength Extracts. Complete line
household necessities. Big repealers. Write
todav. DUO Co., Dept. E-68. Attica,
N. Y.
MAKE 600% profit. Free samples. Lowest
priced gold window letters for stores,
offices. Anybody can do it. Large demand.
Exclusive territory. Big future. Side line.
Acme Letter Co., 2800-P Congress, Chicago.
AGENTS—BeBt seller: Jem Rubber Repair
for tires and tubes; supersedes vulcanization
at a saving of over 800 per cent:
put it on cold. It vulcanizes Itself ln two
minutes, and is guaranteed to last the life
of the tire or tube; sells to every auto owner
and accessory dealer. For particulars how
to mako big money and free sample, address
Amazon Rubber Co., Philadelphia, Pa.,
Dept. 500.
BIG dally commissions selling printing.
Low prices. No collecting or delivering.
Write "ADVERPRESS," Station C-7,
Milwaukee.
MALE HELP WANTED
AMBITIOUS men, write today for attractive
proposition, selling subscriptions to
America's most popular automobile and
sportsman's magazine. Quick sales. Big
profits. Pleasant work. Digest Pub. Co.,
'1520 Butler Bldg.. Cincinnati.
- "INVENTORS Guide," free on request;
It gives very valuable information and advice.
Write Frank Ledermanu, 14 Park
Row. New York, N. Y.
PATENTS. Send sketch or model for
preliminary examination. Booklet free.
Highest references. Best results. Promptness
assured. Watson E. Coleman, Patent Lawyer
624 F St., Washington, P. C.
MILLIONS spent annually for ideas I
Hundreds now wanted I Patent yours and
profit! Write today for free books—tell
how to protect yourself, how to invent, ideas
wanted, how we help you sell, etc. 214
Patent Dept., American Industries, Inc.,
Washington, D. C.
REAL ESTATE AND FARM LANDS
PROPERTY Owners—Get cash for your
real estate, business, invention or other
property. To quickly sell, exchange or buy
property and kind, anywhere, write Western
Security Co., 100 Hannibal. Mo.
PERSONAL
ALCOHOL Book $1. Splendid Book
Formulas free. Rye, Rum flavors $2 bottle.
Copper Kettles, C. Cara, Box 2571, Boston.
TOBACCO or snuff habit cured or no
pay. $1.00 If cured. Remedy sent on
trial. Superba Co., SK, Baltimore, Md.
WRITE photuplays. $25—§300 paid
anyone for suitable ideas. Experience un­
. List positions free. necessary. Complete outline free. Producers
Write today sure. Franklin Institute, League. 5H2. St. Louis.
Dept. LIS, Rochester, N. Y.
EXCHANGE cheery interesting letters
ARE you old at forty ? See our adver-
witb new friends. Lots fun! Stamp ap
tfsement on page 107 Of this Issue. The predated. Eva Moore, Box 908, Jackson­
Electro Thermal Company, Steubenville, ville. Florida.
Ohio.
EXCITING adventure. Write letters.
ASTROLOGY
post cards. Meat fresh, educated, wealthy
people. Men, women. Mrs. Moon. Box
ASTROLOGY—Stars tell life's story.
294, Chino, California.
Send birth date and dime for trial reading. *~ LONESOME Club—Hundreds single, con­
Eddy-Troost Station, Suite 40. Kansas genial people, all walks of life, want to
City, Mo.
correspond. Particulars, photos, etc., free.
TELEGRAPHY
Ib-n. Ralph Hyde, 161. San Francisco, Cal.
DOGS AND PETS
WANTED—Young men and women to
learn Morse and Wireless Telegraphy.
Railroads and Wireless Companies in great
need of operators. We teach you quickly,
and procure positions at big salaries.
Great opportunities for advancement. All
expenses low; can earn part. Write todav
for free catalog. School established 1874.
Dodge's Telegraph Institute, World Street,
Valparaiso, Indiana.
PATENTS AND PATENT ATTORNEYS
BEFORE or after filing an application for
patent on your invention it will pay you to
lead over my "Inventor's Advisor No, _,"
which may be obtained free of charge.
M, Lablner. Registered Patent Attorney,
No. 3 Park Row, New York City.
PATENTS, trade-marks, copyrights. Thirty
years' active practice. Experienced, personal,
conscientious service. Difficult and
rejected cases solicited. Book with terms
free. Address E. G. Siggcrs, Patent Law­
DOG Owner's Text Book Free; expert advice
on proper care, training and feeding.
Free with 3 months' trial subscription to
America's popular dog and hunting magazine.
Send 25c today (coin or stamps).
Sportsman's Digest, 520 Butler Bldg., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
WANTED TO BUY
CASH for Old Cold. Platinum, Silver.
Diamonds, Liberty Bonds, War, Thrift.
Unused Postage Stamps, False Teeth, Mague
to Points. Jobs. Any valuables. Mail in
today. Cash sent, return mail. Goods
returned in ten days if you're not satisfied.
Ohio Smelting Co.. 314 Hippodrome Bldg.,
Cleveland. Ohio.
MISCELLANEOUS
ARE you old at forty? See our advertisement
on page 491 of this issue. The
Electro Thermal Company, Steubenville,
Ohio.
yer, Box 4, Washington, D. C.
AT Last—A flashlight without the use of
PATENTS—Write for Free Illustrated
battery or bulb. Easily constructed by any­
Guide Book and Record of Invention Blank. one for thirty cents. Full instructions for
Send model or sketch and description of fifty cents. H. A: M. Specialty Co., Box
Invention for free opinion of its patentable 66, Brighton, Mass.
nature. Highest reference. Reasonable GOLD Fish Aquarium Guide, 10c; Fish
terms. Victor J. Evans & Co., 182 Ninth. Fanciers' Magazine, 15c; 10 varieties beau­
Washington. I). C.
tiful aquarium plants, $1.00, postpaid.
INVENTORS desiring lo secure patent
Wagner Aquarium. 1909 North Capitol,
should write for our guide book, "How to Washington, D. C.
Get Your Patent"; tells terms and methods. $1-JUVA-GLA~\S for men. Promote
Send model or sketch and description of vigor, prevent waste. Big bot. $5. Cir.
invention and wo will give our opinion of free. Juvaglans-9, Box 1997, Boston.
patentable nature. Randolph it Co., Dept. FRENCH. other European, Canadian,
27 2. Washington, D. C.
American ladies wish correspondents. Paper
PATENTS—Write today for FREE in-
addresses, year. $2; three months, $1. Y.
struction book and Evidence of Conception Delacavefer, 282 d'Entraigues. Tours,
blank. Send sketch or model for examina­ France.
tion and opinion; strictly confidential. No "SEXUAL Philosophy." 12c. clear, spe­
delay in my offices; my reply special decific, authoritative, complete. Teaches, satlivery.
Reasonable terms. I'ersonal attenisfies. Fred E. Kaessmann. Lawrence, Mass.
tion. Clarence O'Brien, Registered Pat­ MARRIAGE—Men. If it is a Tonic
ent Lawvcr, 748 Southern Building. Wash­ you need to make you physically and euington,
PATENTS D. C. procured, trade-marks regisgenically fit for marriage, take TON0tered.
A comprehensive, experienced, prompt VITAMINE CAPSULES, price $2 per box,
service for tho protection and development three boxes, $5. Send Monev Order. The
of your ideas. Preliminary advice gladly Suhr Medical Company. West Hoboken. New
furnished without charge. Booklet of in­ Jersey.
formation and form for disclosing idea freo SONGS of tho Underworld. 75c; B'un-
on request. Richard IV Owen. 185 Owen ders of a Uashful Man, 25c. Girl photos.
Bide. Washington. D. C. or 2276-3 Wool- best quality, 5c each. R. J. Mertz Greenworth
Bldg., New York.
ville, Pa.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers

T_is$22.00$Q75
GUN FOR V' 10
25-Calibre Regulation 7shot.
Blue Steel, Handsome
Automatic; accurate and
reliable; highest grade material
and workmanship;
double safety attachment
makes accidental dischargt
ly Impossible; perfect grip
compact; you need this gun for
your protection. Regular value
$22; get one now.
$ .25
No. 110, while they last. . . $9.75
10^- 5
$10:25
OUR PRICES
$25 Military Model * 1 f\ O C
Automatic for S* 1 ".' 0
Just like they used "Over
There." A MAN'S gun, built for
hard service. .32-Calibre. with EXTRA
magazine FREE. Shoots Standard Ammunition.
A 10-shot Run, regularly sulil for $25.00.
our special price NOW, for .32-Calibre
Xo. .10. while they last $10.25
GENUINE ADTPIEC
ERMAN UK 1 bit J
25. 32 or 380 Cal.. $10.25.
The perfectly balanced 7-shot, very la
model automatic pistol, embodying all the
newest features making it a very desirable
weapon for HOME PROTECTION. Blue
steel, with inlaid hardwood grip, very light,
compact.
.No. 610. either Cal
$14.00
Genuine ~
erman
Latest model; 9-Bhot Automatic.
$10.25
Famous, Most Powerful Weapon known
Standard Ammunition; is perfectly balanced with
substantial and comfortable grip; accurate and
efficient; two safety attachments: it is flat-shaped;
has no sharp edges or projections and does not
bulge Value the pocket; It is solidly and simply constructed
from blue steel; can be dismantled and
reassembled ln a few seconds.
•21:00
Regular n c 25-Cal., No. 810
•POJ 32-Cal., N0.8IO-A
GENUINE i ifprn
ERMAN LtUvjlL.Iv
30-Cal., O-Shot Automatic; with
automatic magazine ejector—the
latest, best and most reliable pistol
Safety attachment. Shoots Standard American
Ammunition. Regular Value $0 0.
Our Special Price No. 910 $21..
ALL OUR MERCHANDISE IS BRAND NEW
Order one of these Specials NOW
Mail orders promptly filled upon receipt of
cash or money order, or if you prefer
SEND NO MONEY ~s, , . h i?te a _;u.^?.!?_ SSJf.?.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 495
Persons residing in Canada should tend this coupon to ihe Intern
hj-blll/ 11V "1V11 -Li ft or money back- Bank reference. tional Correspondence Schools Canadian, Limited, Montreal, Can
2S8 We Broadway also carry a complete Dept. linen/ Field 10 Glasses, Binoculars, New York
Pistols and Shotguns at prices that cannot be equaled
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.
EDWARDS IMPORT TRADING CORP.
$95 An Hour!
"Every hour I spent on my I. C. S. C
has been worth $95 to me! My position,
my $5,000 a year income, my home, my family's
happiness—I owe it all to my spare
time training with the International Correspondence
Schools!"
Every mail brings letters from some of the two
million I. C. S. students telling of promotions
or increases in salary as the rewards of spare
time study.
What are you doing with the hours after supper?
Can you afford to let them slip by unimproved
when you can easily make them mean so
much? One hour a day spent with the I. C. S.
will prepare you for the position you want in the
TEAR OUT HERE
work INTERNATIONAL you like best. CORRESPONDENCE Yes, it will! Put SCHOOLS it up to us
to prove it. Mark Box 5427-B, and Scranton, mail this Penna. coupon now!
Without cost or obligation, please tell me how I can qualify f
position or in the subject before which I have marked an X:
BUSINESS TRAINING DEPARTMENT
• Business Management • Salesmanship
• Industrial Management Q Advertising
^Personnel Organization Q Better Letters
UTraffic Management D Foreign Trade
^Business Law • Stenography and Typing
^Banking and Banking Law ^Business English
DAccountancy (including C.P.A.) DCivil Service
3 Nicholson Cost Accounting Q Railway Mail Clerk
^Bookkeeping DCommon School Subjects
• Electrical Engineering • Architect
^Private Secretary Dlligh School Subjects
• Electric Lighting
• Blue Print Reading
^Business Spanish Q French Qlllustrating • Cartoonlne
• Mechanical Engineer
• Contractor and Builder
TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT
• Mechanical Draftsman • Architectural Draftsman
• Machine Shop Practice
Concrete Builder
• Railroad Positions B Structural Engineer
IJGas Engine Operating
• Plumbing and Heating
JCivll Engineer
• Chemistry • Pharmacy
Surveying and Mapping
B • Automobile Work
Namo Metallurgy
• Navigation
Street ^fiteam Engineering
• Agriculture and Poultry
Address.. DRadio • Airplane Engines • Mathematics
City State..

496
ILLUSTRATED
PERSONAL APPEARANCE
is now more than ever the key-note of success. Bow-Legged
and Knock-Kneed men and women, both young and old, will
be glad to he;ir that I have now ready for market my new
appliance. "Inch will successfully straighten, within a short
time, bow-leggedness and knock-kneed legs, safely, quickly and
permanently, without pain, operation or discomfort. Will not
interfere with your dm ly work, being worn at night. M.v new
"Lim-Struitner," Model 18, U. S. Patent, iseasy to adjust; its
result will save you soon from further humiliation, and improve
your personal appearance MHJ per cent.
Write today for my free copy righted physiological and anatomical
book which tells you how to correct bow and knock-kneed
legs without any obligation on your part. Enclose a dime for
M. TRILETY, SPECIALIST
244-L. Ackerman Building BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
RADIO & AUTO Storage Batteries Charged
_• in i\i A LAMP SOCKET At a Cost of a Few Cents With An
F-F BATTERY BOOSTER, a Full Wave Automatic Maunetic Rectifier fur 105-1-5
V0I16O1 ycle A.C. Type AB Charges 6 Vol t'' A"& Autn& Up to 120 VoltsOf ' 'B"__
Loud Speaker Storage Batteries, In Series Inductively At Home Overnight
Sg* mm >*v Disctinecting & Multiple Connections Unnecessary. No
_ -,^^A Groun-is. Chartriner Circuits Separate. No Skill Needed.
I *%FAW ^___I AMMETER eliminates Guess Work. Infua'bl. Elec­
trodes Rectify Current. Will Charge A Dead Battery.
Leave Battery Connected, Screw Plug in Lamp Socket,
" lap Rectifier Clips On Terminals, Turn Switch &
ittery Is Charged In Morning. Nothing Like It Made.
It Not Grand To Feel Your Radio Batteries Are Ready
'For All Radiophone Music & News? Fully Charged
Eatteiies. By Starting Car Quick. Require Fewer
Expensive Replacements. Do Not Think Your Battery
lsDead& Worn Out Because It Will Not Start Your Car.
Buy A Booster Which Fills It With Life, Saves More
Than It3 Cost & Lasts A Lifetime. 7 Types Built
By a Master Of The Art & POPULARLY PRICED.
Type6charges"A' 6 volt Battery at6amperes $15
Type Bchargcs Radio'B'Battery Up to 120volts$15
| Type A-BchargesBoth ' A&B'RadioBatteriesS20
Type 12 charges 12 volt Battery at 5 amperes SI 5
'Type 166 charges 6 volt Battery at 12amperes S_0
Type 1612 charges 12 volt Batteryat 7 amperes $20
Charge Auto & Radio Batteries. Type 1626 is aCombination of Types 166&1612 $28
The Larger Types are recommended for heavy Batteries, or where time is limited.
Shipping Wei.ni. (-nmr.1. -t. with AM METER & BATTERY CLIPS, 11 to 15 Pounds.
Purchase DEAFNESS from Vour Dealer, or Mail Check IS for prompt MISERY
Shipment. If for Parrel
Pn-i. add Poita_-e,v Insurance Charges. Or ORDER TYPE d.- = >r,'d shipped C.O.D.
ORDER or WRITE Immediately
1 know because
For FREE
Iwas
DESCRIPTIVE
Deaf an

WOMAN—HER SEX
AND LOVE LIFE (ILLUSTRATED)
53 Chapters—411 pages
Not only an authoritative, but an intensely human book.
Deals with every phase of woman's nature and temperament.
Price S3, cash, money order, check or stamps. If not satisfied,
return book within 3 days and money will be refunded. Literature
free nn request.-
COUNSEL SERVICE, Dept. 112, 257 West 71st Street, New York
If you have prostate disorder—bladder
trouble—get up frequently
at night, there ia positive and rapid
relief for you—without drugs or massage—without
pain or discomfort—privately at home. Our free book
tells all. Doctors, Osteopaths, Physical Culture directors,
Sanitarium experts use and endorse our method. Easily
used by anyone. Very simple. No matter what you have
tried or how old your case our methods will bring results
or money back. "Write for free illustrated booklet.
Do it now. Relief for you is at hand and at small cost.
Electro Thermal Co. 3416 Main St., Steubenville, O.
prices Are Dow:
^* Choose from 1023 models. 44 styles, colors and
sizes world famous Rangerand Pathfinder Bicycles.
Shipped Free on approval for SO days free trial. Protect
yourself at tbese rock bottom prices.
1 AW/mfflCtf-PtAV ff d p sireri. Many boya and g_rl_
• ^gWUIlllO IVJTUy eaai|y earn the amBn monthly pay-
^••ments. Parents often advance tirst payment.
Write today for free
TiJ—p^—best quality, at factory pricea, express *yreva.i&.
Ranger Catatosr, fac­
UvdLamp., wheels and equipment, low prices. Send
tory pricea and marvel-'
No Money, do business direct with makers.
Ions ea. y payment terms >
lMV>a__ Cycle Company
AvlvClU Dept. R29. Chicago
Wrestling Book FREE
Leam to bo an expert wrestler. Know jeientific wrestling,
_ieJf-d_fense. aud jui-iit-su. Develop a spl:ndid phyoioue, and
have perfect health. Join this popular s_t_out ar.d learn by
mail, Tae fa_aou_> world's cfiimpiona—tha marvelous
Frank Gotch and Farmer Burns
ofter you s wonderful Opportunity, Wrestling ia easily and
quickly learned at home by mail. Men and boys write now for
splendid tree book. Learn all the science and tricks. Be
I WKESTLINCl a ^' e to handle big men witb ea__e. Accept this wonderful Offer
The Midget
[for HEALTH W(J W. iSendfor free book today, statins your age.
' Farmer Borns School of Wrestling, 1459 Rlwr. Bldg.. OmaTia. rich.
"Five - in - One" Slide Rule
is a combination Mannheim, Polymetric, Log-
Log, Binary, Addand Subtract Slide Rule. It
will instantly add, subtract, multiply and divide
any combination of whole numbers, fractions,
mixed numbers and decimals. Gives
every root and power, also Logs. Sines, and
Tangents. Made of aluminum with scales on
white celluloid. Size _ in. Approved and adopted
by colleges.
Price with Instructions. SI .50. Leatherette
Case 60c. extra. Catalogue Free.
GILSON SLIDE RULE CO., Niles, Mich.
' BECOME A LIGHTNING
_ntertain TRICK yonr trtendB. CARTOONIST"
Make money Chalk Talking. Send
SI On for 23 Trick Drawings with Instructions, r.r write for
Free Circulars. BALOA ART SERVICE, Dept. 7. 0SHK0SH. WIS.
AMAZING OPPORTUNITIES
WAITING FOR YOU
In World's Fastest Growing Industry
Radio is Sweeping Over the World Like
Wildfire! Big Opportunities Open Now On
Land and Sea. Share Them and the Amazing
Future Offered by this Fascinating Field.
Here Is Your Greatest Opportunity for
Profit and Pleasure, Learn by Practice at
Home.
BIG PAY POSITIONS OPEN IN
RADIO
Now Easily Learned at Home in Spare
A fascinating, biff-pay field that you can put vour
heart into is eagerly calling for you. You can speedily
step into a position paying big money and holding a
wonderful future. Radio men make up to §10,000 a
year and big executives get as high as $25,000 a year.
Do you long to visit every nook and corner of the
world? You can travel everywhere as a ship Radio
operator. Do gentlemen's work. Earn big money.
Food, quarters, travel FREE.
From the land, too, comes the call for more radiomen.
Positions waiting in land stations, broadcast
stations, banks, factories, etc., etc. And, now, as never
before, is YOT'R life-time opportunity to cash in big
on tbe splendid advantages this fascinating field offers
you!
Through four Inventions, furnished free to every
student—the National Radio Institute makes it easy
for anyone to learn Radio at home.
The National Radio Institute is the oldest and largest
WHAT A FEW
wireless school in America. It is officially recognized
by the Department of Commerce and its diploma is
worth 5 to 10 credits for First Class Commercial
STUDENTS SAY License, it stands first on the
list of schools recommended by
S7.00 a Oay as Operator
the Shipping Board. Thou­
Just sailed this morning for
sands of students have been
Norfolk, wh.-re we are to
graduated and have entered this
get a load of coal. I haven't
uncrowded field. And in vour
much to do on board, and SPECIAL OPPORTUNITY
own home tbe National Radio
when in port not that much. NOW Institute OPEN will quickly qualify
I did hnve a little to do in No you matter for a wh;it fine Wireless field of position.
radio yon
Baltimore before we sailed.
Iltet $7.00a day. Not bad
at all. —Revere B. Gurley,
S.S. "Lake Figart."
Gets S1GS a Month
I am the only operator on
board the "Lake Tulare"
and receive a salary of $125
a month, with an additional
£3.no a day food-allowance
while in port.totalinga cash
pay of approximately $165 a
month. —Leo A. Goldblatt,
Baltimore,M. D.
Makes Money Manufacturing
Sets
The sudden demand for
radiophones and receivers
has created a fascinating
good-paying job for me. I
have built one large receiver
and two small ones, and am
getting more. 1 am the first
amateur to hold a license in
this vicinity I havedesign- NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE
NATIONAL ed the best-looking, RADIO most- INSTITUTE,
efficient for miles around.—
Dept. 1275 Washington, D. C.
E.
Dept.
E. Mahacek.
1275,
F-outcNo.
Washington,
1,
D. C.
Send Crete. me Nebr. your FREE book, "How to Learn Radio at
Home" which explains your Home-Study Course in
Radio Telegraphy and Radio Telephony and your special
Short-Time Offer. (PLEASE WRITE PLAINLY.)
are interested in, the National
Radio course is for.vou. If you havn
just purchased a receiving set and
want to learn more about it, if you
have an amateur license and want
to get a First Class Government
License, so you can hold the big
jobs, if you are tired of listening
to music only and want to get "in" on the
messages sent in radio code, if you are a
beginner and want to know wireless from
the ground up and make it your profession,
you need the National Radi" rnnr-n
beMase the one course includes EVERY-
FREE Big Book About Ra
It costs nothing to get our
illustrated book. Mail coupon
today for this book "How to
Learn Radio at Home" and for
full facts about our Special
Short-Time Offer.
Name , Age.
Address .,
City State
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

498 ILLUSTRATED WuR±.u
Quick Success in Aviation
Fascinating—Daring—Big To young men of daring, no other field of work teresting book that tells you Paying
things you have
offers such a fascination, such high pay, nor such
opportunities for quick success as the field of
Aviation. As yet, aviation is practically in its infancy.
NOW is the time to get in.
Amazing Opportunities
in Airplane Industries
In the automobile industry and in the moving
picture business hundreds of men got rich by getting
in at the start. They made their success before
others woke up. Today, these lines offer no greater
opportunities than a hundred and one others. BUT
AVIATION IS NEW. Get in while the opportunity
and pay are big. All over the country there is a clamor
for trained men. It is not a question
of pay but of getting capable men.
Here Are Real Positions,
$50 to $150 Per Week
Aeronautical Instructor, Aeronautical
Engineer, Aeronautical Contractor,
Airplane Repairman, Airplane
Mechanician, Airplane Inspector,
Airplane A Sure Salesman, and Airplane Easy Assembler, Way to
Airplane Builder,
Learn Aviation-atf Home
A New Job—The Aerial Poitmao
_•••_
The study of aviation
is almost as fascinating
as the actual
work. Every lesson is
full of interest That
is why it is easy to
learn aviation. You
do not have to make
yourself study—it is
like reading an in­
" _j, : . -Js S^?
View in to Airplue Factor;
always wanted to know. Only one hour each
evening will give you the basic training in a
surprisingly short time. You need only a common
school education.
One of my students,
James Powers, Pa.,
says, "I am indeed
surprised that such a
valuable Course can
be had from such
practical men for so
little COSt." A New Seven-Passenger Airplane
Personal Instruction
Experienced Men
Men whohave had actual experience
give you personal attention. They
select the lessons, lectures, blueprints
and bulletins. They tell you things
that are essential in everyday practice.
Each lesson is easy to read and
understand.
BIG BOOK 17R1717
Of Opportunities JT AVE-lJ
Send coupon below for New Book. Just out, "Opportunities in
the Airplane Industry." It is interesting and instructive. It
will show you many things you never knew before about aviation.
Due to shortage of paper we couldgetonly a limited supply
of these books—send the coupon before they are all gone.
AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
Name..
3601 Michigan Ave.,Dept,, 1199. Chicago. HI.
' Street... AMERICAN SCHOOL OF AVIATION
City 3601 Michigan Ave., Dept. 1199, State.. Chicago. III.
Without any obligation, send me your Free Book. ''Opportunities in the Air
I plane Industry." also information about your Course in-Tactical Aeronautic*.
Kindly mention Illustrated World when writing advertisers.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Vol. XXXVIII DECEMBER, 1922 No. 4
mms&zL.
Jza&fft^ •. x
Z&ttkJbbxiaa
"Aw! What's the Use? An Eg-g Yesterday and a Feather-Duster Tomorrow!
sg»a
»_s
V»«

IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO
MAKE GOOD
__ Few Intimate Hints from the Creator and Perpetrator of the Inimitable
"Lightnin' " Bill Jones
By FRANK BACON
S O M E of our very best people seem to
think there is only one train to Success—and
if you miss that you are
done. And then there are those who imagine
that the appearance of gray hair
tolls the knell of your opportunity.
Maybe it does—but I don't believe it.
I'm in it a student of Success and its
habits, but I do know it stays out late
occasionally. In fact I could quote a few
dozen cases of its tardy appearance.
Take our old friend J. II. Stoddard.
He was nearly seventy when "Beside the
Bonnie Brier Bush" lifted him from obscurity
to success. David Warfield was
no child-in-arms when he created "The
Music Master" and Joseph Jefferson was
over fifty when "Rip Van Winkle" made
him immortal.
Even Richard Mansfield labored many
unappreciated years before his "Beau
Brummel" marked him for success.
So it is hardly safe to presage the final
curtain of opportunity. Opportunity
may lay a friendly hand on your shoulder
at fifteen or at fifty and in between it
will beckon to you a good many times.
Naturally, I, for one, believe it's never
too late to succeed. I can't sayj though,
that I favor late starts. Lord knows I
was willing to embrace fame a good
many years back.
But don't imagine for a second that I
am complaining about the late hour of
my success. In truth that which we commonly
call success has made not a whit
of difference to Mother and me. It has
brought us nothing we did not have before—that
is, nothing that really mattered.
You see we had happiness before.
We believed in taking our happiness as
we went along. When you do that there
is no such thing as failure.
We were doing our best, and we were
happy. That is all we can expect today.
After all, your name in electrics and your
picture in the paper adds little to the love
of life.
5110
Of course when one has his every
thought, his every hope, his every aim
centered on wealth and fame he is not
going to have much comfort short of material
success. But when you live your
life from day to day; have your true
friends and your loving family; when
you add your mite of service toward the
happiness of those about you and when
you love your work—well, whether or not
you are one of the six best sellers makes
little difference then.
I know many a man who would be a
great deal happier if he would put a little
more energy into his work and a little
less into his efforts to "cash in"—and
who would get farther, too. When I see
a man trampling happiness underfoot in
his pursuit of the will-o'-the-wisp of
fame ; when I see him narrowing himself
to the miserable pursuit of the almighty
dollar—well: I'm prejudiced, that's all.
Get your happiness as you go along.
You may not be able to enjoy it when
you've "wrung fame from adversity."
I did not tramp Broadway and pursue
producers because I wanted fame and
fortune—but because I loved my character
Bill, and because I wanted the joy
of seeing him win other hearts. Any
old-timer will tell you that Frank Bacon
has always been happy—and any one
who knows the Bacon family will tell
you that Success has not changed our
lives. Our happiness did not wait upon
the coming of Success.
If your happiness waits upon your
great opportunity I am truly sorry for
you. Perhaps I am not writing an orthodox
success story—perhaps my philosophy
is not that of progress. Perhaps
I should say "Sacrifice everything on the
altar of Success." But I'll be hanged if
I will.
What is success? Is it something that
comes to you after you have starved
your souls and scrimped your lives and
narrowed your visions searching for it?

When I meet a man who spells Success
C A S H, I am willing to let that greeting
be our farewell.
Perhaps my profession brings me a
little closer to my fellow beings than does
that of any other calling; for when you
live year in and year out with others who
share your ambition, who await the same
opportunity you are praying for, you
naturally read their thoughts as if they
were your own.
And when I close my eyes now I can
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 501
Frank Bacon
see our old friends passing before me. I
can see smiling faces and scowling faces :
I can see eyes eager with the desire to
serve and eyes lustful for gain ; I can see
the tender glances of loved ones who
were sharing happiness with poverty and
the suspicious gleam of eyes that saw
only treachery in the battle to get ahead.
I can see pathetic generosity and
miserable penury—in short I can see
those who sowed and reaped happiness
all along the path of life, and those who

502 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
staked their chance for happiness on the
big success that was to come.
My platform of life is this: there's
more real worth in the gentle, eratic love
of old Bill Jones or Rip Van Winkle
than there is in the cynical success of the
hardened, remorseless business genius.
But we do not have to deal in extremes.
Moderation in all things—even
the pursuit of success. J'ut your heart
and soul into your work, but not to the
exclusion of happiness en route. Big
success can come to but one in a hundred
—but happiness is tbe birthright of all of
us. So get that which you are sure of
first—and then you will be better fitted to
battle for the other.
The life that is filled with the courage
of love has no room for the fear of
failure—and failure is mostlv fear, after
all.
These strange notions of mine are not
entirely my fault. You see I've never been
imbued with the spirit of business. As
business men Bill and I make a perfect
team. So maybe my ideas are not as
progressive as they ought to be. And
speaking of modern progressiveness—
have you ever noticed how progressive
the goat is ?
He is in the valley. Before him lies
the hilltop. He cannot be satisfied until
he has attained the heights. He pushes
progressively forward. The hilltop is
reached. Mr. Goat surveys proudly the
fields of his conquest. This hilltop is
nice and green—but down there is
another valley. How rich and succulent
the grass is there!
Progress claims its own and Mr. Goat
is en route once more. Soon he has
reached the valley, and there, just ahead,
stretches another inviting hill. Excelsior
! The goat plunges bravely onward.
Another hill, another valley. Another
hill, another valley. Billy is progressing
steadily. Far back the sheep have ignored
the noble call of progress. They
have become sidetracked, and are fattening
in the grass of the first valley.
Stupid creatures, they are dumb to the
clarion call of progress. But Billy Goat
has heanl the message and is climbing
upward again—lean from hunger and
weak from exertion, but glorified by the
march of Progress.
Could anything be more wonderfulr
Experience has taught me that if you
do your best, take your happiness as you
go along, and hold out a helping' hand to
the other fellow occasionally. Success is
going to catch you in the long run—and
the chances are tbe longer it waits the
bigger it will be.
And the best of this tip I am giving
you is that if Success never does come—
you won't miss it much. You will already
have had it.
"LIGHTNIN' BILL JONES"—
HIMSELF!
By WILLIAM
"T WAS an editor once."
FLEMING FRENCH
"Remember it as clearly as if it were
The slender figure in the faded yesterday. Just twenty-six days before
blue uniform cocked his head I drove those turtles from Xew Orleans
knowingly—challenging skepticism. The to Baltimore. Did I tell you about that ?
rebellious locks of silver, escaped from There were 213 of 'em, all thoroughbred
the restraining grip of the old army hat, Peruvians. Due to the strike, the rail­
bobbed and waved like warrior plumes. road refused to furnish the type of cars
"When was that?"
necessary to ship these valuable animals
The innocent blue eves squinted. by rail. Knowing that a turtle is in­
"Eh?"
stinctively bashful and fearing an un­
"When was that?"
familiar trainer might excite 'em, we de­
"When? Oh, that was quite a while cided I would have to herd 'em myself.
"I had a trained bullfrog leading 'em,
back, just when you first began to hear
but, unfortunately, his pace was too fast
about big scoops. Guess I started 'em." and they developed sore feet on the first
"Oh!"
day's march. So I had little shoes made
"Yeah," he responded, confidently.

for 'em and we took up our
journey again. But pretty soon
the claws of the Peruvians made
holes in the toes of the shoes and
when, two days later, we struck
marshy ground, they got their
feet wet and contracted serious
colds. Then—"
"Your cue, Air. Bacon."
"Pardon me," said Mr. Bacon.
and "Lightnin" Bill" shuffled into
the glare of the footlights.
Old Lightnin' Bill is a glorious
liar. Frank Bacon isn't that,
but he has the wonderful imagination
upon which Bill draws.
There's nothing Lightnin' hasn't
been. Most things he claims he
lias been, his creator, Frank
Bacon, actually was at some time.
"I was an editor once," says
Bill. Frank was—three times.
"I used to be a politician,"
drawls Bill. Frank was an
assemblyman from Mountain
View.
"I guess I'm the fellow that
discovered California," admits
Bill. Frank's parents were pioneers
and Frank served his apprenticeship
on a sheep ranch.
And so it goes. If you are
looking for a contrast when you
compare Lightnin' Bill Jones of
the stage with Frank Bacon of real life
you won't find it. For when you talk
to Frank Bacon, you can see Lightnin'
peeking out all over—tempting the dignified
and courteous star to little spurts
of sheer mischief, lighting mischievous
fires in the quite blue eyes and putting
strange tales in his mouth.
It is not that Frank Bacon has become
inoculated with the tricks of the character
he has been playing, but that he
failed to get all the jokers out of his own
deck into that of Bill Jones.
Who is Bill ? Who is this tipsy, whopper-telling,
boastful and wholly lovable
old vagabond that putters away the evening
for us and then sticks in our memory
forever? Bacon has made him to represent
human nature as he found it. Bill
is Frank Bacon, he is you and I and the
other fellow. He has the same faults
we all have to a more or less degree. Bill
fibs a little—so do we. Bill stalls a little
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 503
"I Was an Editor Once"
—so do we. Bill isn't always sober—
neither are we. Bill is true and good at
heart—so are we.
People have said that Bill is Frank
Bacon himself. Frank says he appreciates
the compliment, but he doesn't like
to brag and that he really took the picture
from his Uncle Morris.
In Bacon's early estimation, Uncle
Morris was a masterpiece. At the age
of sixty he had yet his first day's work
to do. He was, to use the stage parlance,
a finished sketch. He had four sisters
and divided his time among them. Each
sister was honored for three months a
year—no more, no less. And he invariably
showed keen discretion and rare
discrimination in choosing the time of
his visits. Either through a gift of the
Gods or from perfection of practice
Uncle Morris possessed a sort of sixth
sense that seemed to warn him of the
approach of work. He would land on a

504 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
farm in the winter, and in a city house
just after the fires were out for the summer
and the spring chores finished. The
approach of house cleaning was his call
to wing.
Bacon says that when all the work at
his house was done, he always looked
for Uncle Morris, for Bacon's mother
was one of the chosen sisters. And appear
Uncle would—genial, happy, lovable
and, at first, sober.
Uncle Morris never did any work. He
accomplished it. Bacon's mother would
say "Morris, will you fill the woodbox?"
lie would agree gingerly, gladly.
"Why, of course. In a jiffy. Come
"When You Play Eill You Can Always Trail Along Easily and
Sort of Lean Around. Bill Is the Leaningest Individual You
Ever Saw"
on, Frank, go witb me." And then Uncle
and little Frank would go to the woodpile.
Uncle Morris would pick up a
piece, look at it carefully and then toss it
aside. Then he would look at the lad
and slyly say:
"Too long."
The next, perhaps, would be too short,
or too wet, or too rotten. Then he would
finally find a good piece and put it in
Frank's arms. By this process of discriminating
elimination, he would soon
have Frank's arms filled and the boy
trudging toward the house. The performance
would be repeated until the
woodbox was filled.
This accomplished, he would turn to
Bacon's mother and say, "There you are,
girlie. Is there anything else I can do?"
Naturally, Uncle Morris struck Bacon
as a good stage character. So
lie worked up the idea of Bill
Jones. Everybody he showed it
to liked it, but did not see how
it could be made into a show.
Then he got the idea of a vaudeville
sketch based on the stateline
house. There really was
such a place. The man would
not live in one state and his wife
would live in no other. So they
built a house on the state line and
kept under the same roof.
The more Bacon worked on
Bill, the more he found he was
real human nature—that he was
a little bit of all of us. Bill came
into being during lean years and
even the cheap paper, on which
his salvation was worked out,
had to be skimped. Bacon even
had to reckon with the expense
of the shoe leather he spent trying
to find Bill a home. For Bill
and Frank wandered the streets
together for many a day—and
many a night, too.
Yes, Frank Bacon tramped
Broadway from end to end,
across and crisscross, trving to
find a home for poor old Bill
Jones. For ten years he nursed
the play he had rewritten
eleven times. It was almost as if,
in real life. David Warfield's
"Music Master" had a counterpart,
for at times Frank presented
little short of a pathetic picture as
he offered that manuscript for reading.
As Frank grew older, it seemed that the
{Continued on page 621)

Otto Lilienthal, the Father of Soaring Flight, and His Sailplane Which
Was Intended to Imitate Bird Flight
WHERE'S THE GLIDER TAKING US?
The Aerial Motorcycle, the Flying Canoe and the Sky Jitney Are
Brought Within Our Reach by the Recent Soaring Flights
By HENRY WOODHOUSE
President of the Aerial League of America
D
URING the last few months there
have been several extraordinary
demonstrations of motorless airplanes.
On August 24, Herr F. W.
Hentzen rose in a sailplane—which is the
newly adopted name for motorless aircraft—in
a gale to a height of almost one
thousand feet and soared for three hours
and ten minutes, near Gersfeld, Germany.
On August 27, A. H. G. Fokker, the
Dutch airplane designer and constructor,
soared for thirteen minutes with a passenger
at Fulda, Germany, thus establishing
a new world's record. Hackman also
went up to a height of one thousand feet
and stayed up for an hour and a half.
The question is do these records of
Fokker, Hentzen and Flackman add anything
of material value to present-day
aeronautics. The answer can be given
unhesitatingly in the affirmative.
There is a decided practical value in
the construction of the sixty-odd gliders
and sailplanes and in the flights made in
connection with the German gliding and
soaring competitions in the Rhoen mountains
and the French contest conducted
at Clermont-Ferrand.
They bring us a step nearer to the
production of efficient, economical aerial
motorcycles, aerial canoes and aerial
jitneys, which will make it possible for
thousands to own their own flying machine
and fly on an investment of only a
few hundred dollars and to actually
cover a distance of from thirty to forty
miles on a gallon of gasoline.
Many of the gliders and sailplanes
entered in these two now historic gliding"
and soaring competitions could easily be
converted into economic flyers by equipping
them with a small motor.
As is the case with all airplanes of
light construction and low horsepower,
these small-motored planes would be
capable of looping and doing anything
in fair weather, but would have to confine
themselves to soaring in rough
weather, where the heavy, high-powered
airplane drives through the storm like an
arrow.
A vista of aerial activities within the
reach of everybody is opened up by the fact
that both Hentzen and Hackman actually
soared to heights of over one thousand
feet and made figure eights and circles
and traveled forward for distances ranging
up to seven miles with their motorless
planes and, in several instances, the
planes actually had better soaring qualities
when loaded than empty.
Using the motor mainly to take off and
505

506 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
iV
i 4J
with power flight, that is, to fly like a
pigeon. He wants to fly without power,
to soar like the great soaring birds—
hence the new interest in soaring. The
aim sought is to rise and soar on waves
of air and make headway rather than
merely glide through the air from a
height. The sailplane, or glider, was
evolved to imitate bird flight.
The basic principle of the sailplane or
glider is the same as the principle of the
airplane, except that the sailplanes are
not lifted in the air by means of thrust
of one or more revolving propellers, but
by the pressure of the air.
While the aim is to soar to heights
without the aid of uprising air currents
in imitation of soaring birds, the achievements
so far have been made possible by
soaring against strong winds, the sail­
Orville Wright Soaring Against the Wind in a Gale
on Oct. 24, 1911, When He Stayed Up Nine Minutes
and Forty-nine Seconds, Which Remained the Record
in Soaring Flight for Close to Eleven Years
plane driving against the gale, and being
Hfted by the force of the wind.
The aero-dynamic principles upon
which the sailplane maintains itself in
to assist in directional flight, people will the air are rather involved and a detailed
be able to enjoy the pleasure of air travel exposition of them will not be discussed
as only the birds do at present. With no here because of their complexity.
more diligence and skill than are required Some day perhaps the air will be as
to drive an automobile through crowded filled with sailplanes, power-driven or
streets, people will be able to fly out of a merely soaring, as an autumn cornfield
garden patch and land on any rural road, is of sparrows, or an American highway
making rural delivery and country travel with Fords. Right now it is evident that
speedy and simple.
soaring flight requires more than skill to
Human flight itself is the realization manipulate its mechanical features. The
of our ancestors' remotest wish to imitate one thing most necessarv is an intimate
birds and rise freely in the air, a wish knowledge of the behavior and nature of
that is possibly as old as intellect itself. wind currents and of the very peculiar
Its origin cannot be ascertained, all manner in which the winds elevate and
records leading to the time-dimmed age give onward motion to the plane travel­
of fable. But the myths and lores of ing not with the wind but against it.
different races tell of winged gods and That the Germans have given a great
flying men, and show that for ages the deal of study and time to the subject of
ability to fly was the highest conception gliding or soaring is shown by the aston­
of the sublime.
ishing records set by them. And though
But present-day man is not satisfied we on this side of the Atlantic, in the
Glenn H. Curtiss, One of the Pioneer Aeronautical Engineers of America, Inaugurated the Flying of Motorless
Airplanes in This Country, When His Flying-Boat Glider Left the Water After Being Towed to a Start
by a Fast Motor-Boat

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 507
In This Sailplane—the "Vampyr"—F. W. Hentzen, of Germany, Recently Shattered His Own (World's)
Record by Climbing Up 1,000 Feet and Remaining There Three Hours and Ten Minutes
country that is really the birth place of
modern flight, are officially at least trailing
again in the wake of European enterprise,
there seems to be no lack of
individual American effort in adding to
the science and practice of flying.
James V. Martin, the pioneer airplane
engineer who invented the system of retracting
the wheels of the airplane into
the body of the plane, to cut down the
resistance in flight, just as birds retract
their legs while flying, has tested at
Garden City, Long Island, New York,
where his factory is located, an extraordinarily
simple device which balances an
airplane mechanically, without the usual
wheel control.
This Martin "aerodynamic control"
consists of only two wing tips, which
take the place of the usual aileron, but,
unlike the aileron, they balance the airplane
mechanically and make it fool- and
The Motorless Airplane
"Greif," with
Herr Martens, of
Germany, in the
Cockpit, One of the
Most Successful Flyers
in This Type of
Aircraft
wind-proof. It has been demonstrated to
be especially suitable for light airplanes,
which are especially hard to control in
winds near the ground. In the air the
stronger the wind the merrier the experience,
because the plane can soar and
coast. During the German soaring contests
the wind had a speed of from fourteen
to eighteen miles an hour and it
lifted the Hanover plane, which weighs
about four hundred and forty pounds
loaded, with the same ease that the wind
lifts the albatross and other heavy birds.
These soaring flights have renewed the
long unrealized hope of mankind, the
hope to achieve flight by human instead
of motor power.
The simplest example of the sailplane
has been the toy kite, familiar toy of our
boyhood days. As we run, pulling the
cord, the kite, slightly inclined upward,
{Continued on past 617)

When the Boy Plays with the Toys Built Just Like the Original He Is Learning Something and Has a Toy
He Really Appreciates
WHAT YOU LOOK FOR IN TOYS
By GEORGE V. HOBART
Y O U can't always believe what you
read. For instance, Webster defines
a toy as a bauble, a trifle, an
inexpensive plaything; something of
little value.
Such a definition certainly does not describe
the American toy of today. This,
no doubt, is because the Americans have
taken their toys seriously.
A decade or so ago some of the more
progressive toy makers of this country
decided to make a new type of toy—a toy
that would be more than a mere plaything.
These men believe, first, that cheap.
gaudy, flimsy toys did not represent true
American ideals; second, that because of
their cheapness no value was attached to
such toys and the children were not
taught to respect them or to take care of
them; third, that because of their cheap
materials and poor workniansliip they
could not give any real service, and
fourth, that under such conditions parents
would soon tire of repeatedly wasting
money on such worthless merchandise.
Coupled with an appreciation of these
508
facts was the knowledge that the right
kind of toys would not only be playthings
for the children, but practical instructors
to them as well. Hence the educational
toy: the construction set, the chemical
sets, the carpenter and printing outfits,
and telegraph equipments.
As the children became accustomed to
The Toy Stoves
That American
Girls Have Are
Better Than
Those of the Real
Housewives in
Some Countries
_g__—1
these toys of quality and were able to
actually accomplish things with them, the
educators of the country became interested—and
soon toys were being used for
educational purposes in the homes and in
private and public schools.
Meanwhile toys were still further im-

proved, their range of usefulness widened
and the quality of the material and
workmanship put into them bettered.
Parents saw real value in these toys and
demanded that the children respect them
and take proper care of them. The new
sense of pride of ownership inspired and
the understanding of values taught alone
justify the new type of toy.
Then came the world war and a tremendous
impetus in the American toyindustry.
Foreign goods were no longer
available and American manufacturers
had the field to themselves. They made
money—lots of it. But while they were
making hay they were thinking of the
future. With the resumption of world
trade in toys the American markets
would again be flooded with cheap importations,
with foreign toys at cheaper
prices than ever before known.
Naturally the American toy maker
paying four or five dollars a day for his
workers could not compete in cost of
manufacture with the German manufacturer
paying a dollar a day or the Japanese
manufacturer paying twenty-five
cents a day, or even less. Printing
"Made in U. S. A." was not sufficient to
hold American trade against all invasion.
Good reason must be shown why we
should buy American-made toys.
The toy makers could advance one of
two arguments: quality or price. The
only way to secure low prices at American
wages is by great quantity production.
Some of the toy manufacturers put
in expensive machinery and turned to
this quantity production. One of them,
The Dolls of Today Are a Vast Improvement Over
Those of Yesterday
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 509
This Machine Puts Together Thousands of Miniature
Railroad Ties Every Day. Quantity Production Is
the Watchword
a manufacturer of toy trains, turns out
thousands of trains a day. He ships to
almost every civilized country and has
brought his plant up to a marvel of automatic
efficiency.
Other American toy maker turned to
quality toys as expressed by the educational
value of those toys. They spent
thousands upon thousands of dollars in
research and experiment, finally turningout
educational toys, construction sets
and electrical toys surpassing anything
the foreign manufacturers ever dreamed
of.
These manufacturers drove steadily
onward, educating the public to demand
the highest type of educational and practical
toy. They progressed from the
making of simple building blocks and
wooden construction sets to the manufacture
of practical toy outfits that supplied
all the necessary equipment for the
•actual study of science, mechanics and
industry. These toys were soon developed
into actual working models of appliances
that many European countries
were not even familiar with. Thus the
little girl in the remote section of the
United States may have her little electric

510 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"''•*
r •. •• 1 ' ' _*•> * _•____• *k .•>
• 1 t* I^H
'¥
\ m •KxXjiH
S^ j
• 'I'lM
% 'l
1 ! N\ VJV-.
^^B V
•"^fcJ?" Jw
' f^^tXX'
H______B_E
a_
- T0Hi

FAIRYLAND! What a realm of
wonder opens to our vision at the
word! Wondrous castles of our
imagination rise before us; beautiful
princesses, queens and princes. Witches,
elves, and giants thrust their visages in,
but good fairies wave protecting, magic
wands. In the tales collected by Grimm,
and in the later stories told by Hans
Christian Andersen, now lies a new
wealth of material for the motion pictures
and the eager children.
Separate theaters for the children is
the idea contributed by Elinor Glyn, the
English novelist, to America's motionpicture
problem. She left the suggestion
with the screen magnates of Hollywood,
just before her return to England after
a sojourn in the famous Filmland of
southern California.
The idea is a good one. Everyone who
has the welfare of the rising generation
at heart must admit that. Twenty thousand
showings a day of film plays in the
theaters of the United States are written,
prepared and presented without regard
to the ages, tastes or propensities of the
mixed audiences. This condition may fit
in the theories or ideals for general democracy,
where all are supposed to be
equal in mentality and capability for enjoyment,
but in practice it seems essentially
wrong.
Some of the more wide-awake motion-
picture producers are growing alive to
the fact that the needs of the children
are not being successfully met. Some of
the producers are earnest, sincere men
who believe that they owe the public
something more than mere entertainment.
They believe that the legitimate
and special needs of the child must be
taken care of. They think it is not
enough that pictures for juvenile audiences
be harmless. In producing this
new sort, the directors are keeping in
mind the fact that the screen stories must
be positively creative, that they must ap-
"Well, Little Girl, Is He Now Nice and Fat so That
I Can Eat Him?"
"Oooh—No-oo, He's Just as Thin as a Bone! You
Can't Eat Him Yet, Mother Witch 1"
511

512 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
"Ooo-oh What Big Ears You Have, What Bright
Eyes You Have and What Sharp Teeth You Have,
Grandma !"
"Better to Hear and See and Eat You," Spoke the
Wolf!
peal to the imagination of the child, that
they must enrich general knowledge and
appeal to emulative emotions.
These stories have a splendid motive.
They appeal to the advancement desires
of the child. They instill into the hearts
of the children who view them, at a time
wmen they are open to receive it and at
a time when the impression made is likely
to last through life, a confident belief
that all things will surely turn out happily.
The giants are killed and the helping
fairies always turn up at the end.
This thought, planted deep in the child's
mind, will remain there and be of inexhaustible
benefit throughout the years of
his or her later life.
Throughout the ages there have been
stories told to the young that everywhere
are recognized as world classics. Tlieir
origin dates so far back that there are
no written records to testify as to the
time of their conception. Scholars tell
us that these stories started as folk-lore,
that they were passed down by word of
mouth from generation to generation
through the primitive tribes of Western
Europe.
They are as much enjoyed by ihe
youngsters of today as they were by the
children of a thousand or two thousand
years ago. "Hop O' My Thumb," Jack
the Giant Killer," "Puss in Boots," to
name a few, stand forth among these
imperishable classics. It is such tales as
these that the up-to-date motion picture
producers propose to brinp- to life on the
screen, to amaze and delight the fortunate
children. A whole cycle of these stories
is in process of production and, probably,
soon will be seen on the screen.
Preeminent is "Little Red Ridinghood,"
a romance of peril, mystery and
triumphant escape, a story that will ever
fascinate and inspire children. The star
of this production is the famous threeyear-old
Baby Peggy supported by the
celebrated dog, Brownie. Other actors
and actresses for the pictures are pretty
Louise Lorraine and the seven-foot fourinch
giant, Jack Earle. Blanche Pay son,
similarly of extraordinary stature, measures
six feet and four inches in height.
There is also John Fox of Will Rodgers
fame. "Jack and the Beanstalk," "Hansel
and Gretel" and many others will
follow when "Little Red Riding-hood"
is completed.
The productions will all be prepared
with the greatest attention to verisimilitude.
No trouble or expense will be
spared to realize enchanting effects. In
no case will the quality vary from that
of the best five-reel plays. When viewing
the pictures, the children will surely
rub their eyes to see if they are not
really in fairyland.
We believe that it will be not only the
children and the mothers, but the fathers
as well, who will be drawn to the presentations
of these tales. For here will
be the opportunity to call back for a time
the happy days of their childhood. It is
planned to give the first showing of
"Little Red Riding-hood" about Christmas
time.
They Will Fear no Imaginary "Bogey Man" When
They See Jack Attacking the Big Giant in "Jack and
the Beanstalk"

"THE BIG THING'S GOT TO MOVE"
Perfect System, Alone, Could Not Swing the Big American Circus Over
the Road. The Spirit of the Trouper, Who Is the Barefoot Water
Carrying Boy of Yesterday's Show Lots, Is What Overcomes
Countless Seemingly Insurmountable Obstacles
By FRANK BRADEN
IT was midnight in the Big Four railroad
yards at Terre Haute, Indiana.
A cold spring rain beat steadily on
the heaving, straining backs of men,
horses and elephants, engaged in loading
the second section of the big-show trains.
Bosses, clad in "slickers" and hip boots,
directed the efforts of men, clad mostly
in overalls, ragged coats and leaking
shoes. Wagons and parade-tableau
vehicles were poled up the runs and
along the flat cars to their proper traveling
spaces. Men, wet to the skin, worked
smoothly and uncomplainingly. In a boxcar
nearby, a tramp sat watching the scene
with interest, a cigaret hanging from his
lips, content in the comfort of dry clothing.
A poler, his garments dripping,
with water spouting from his misshapen
shoes, who had just guided some fifty
thousand dollars' worth of equipment to
its safe resting place aboard the flats,
spied the tramp. He brushed the rain
from his brow that he might see the better.
A gleam of pity came into his eyes,
and he clutched at the arm of one of the
bosses, pointing at the tramp. "Gee!"
he exclaimed. "Ain't this a h of a
night to be on the bum!"
Circus men tell one another this story
when they grow philosophical, trying in
Out of Every Ten Boys Who
Get into Circus Work,
One Is Bitten
Hard by the Bug
That He Spends
His Whole Life
Being a Loyal
Trouper of the
Big Top
PHOI03 BV HAflnY A. AT
•TUDWS
their bantering way to find out just what
it is that keeps them with the big show
year after year. The story gets a laugh
513

514 ILLUSTRATED \\'( >IX!)
The Troupers' Spirit Is What
Makes the Show Move, Permitting
It to Give the Parades
That Are Enjoyed by Old and
Young Alike
always, but the spirit that compelled the
cold, wet, underpaid poler to pity the
sheltered, resting tramp is the spirit of
the real circus trouper. It is the spirit
that moves the show, gets it off and on
the lot each day, permitting it to parade
and give two performances at each day's
stand, no matter how far the jumps may
be from exhibition town to exhibition
town. Circus troupers delight in "kidding"
this spirit in themselves — this
psychological phenomenon that breeds in
them the confidence of a chosen people,
that directs their thoughts and feelings
always to the presumption that they are
on "the inside" of life's best, and the
"towners" are on the outside looking in.
And yet, among themselves they grow
ironical at their own expense. There is
the old story of the blessings of trouping
as compared with those of the well-to-do
Animals and Men Sometimes Work Until Almost Exhausted So
the "Big Thing" Can Move
city resilient. If the way from the circus
trains to the show lot lies through a
prosperous residence street, some wag
among the troupers is sure to call the
attention of his companions to the most
attractive home in sight. "Think of the
poor chump living there !" he will exclaim
in mock pity. "The poor boob will never
know what it is to eat in the cookhouse:
he will never share an upper shelf in a
show sleeper with a pal. Chances are he
never made a town a day and never will.
What's he know of muddy lots, blowdowns
or long Sunday runs ? All he has
is a home, money in the bank, a family
and a couple of automobiles.
Poor, poor sucker!" And the
gang, trudging along- towards
the hot, dusty lot, or the wet.
muddy lot, laughs a bit ruefully,
a bit sadly. But, if you were to
offer any one of them the chance
to change places with the owner
of the spacious home, he or she
would thank you courteously and
trudge right along. Once out of
hearing, this remark would pass:
"What! Stay all my life in this
dump! Might as well chloroform
me and be done with it!"

In no other walk of life is there such
loyalty to employer and concern as there
is in the circus business. It is almost a
blind, unreasoning loyalty—the attachment
a trouper feels for his show. In
his day he may have been with every
circus in the land, but the trouper feels
for the show he's with at the moment the
same pride — and it's a pride that
tolerates no criticism from 'outsiders—
he would feel had he been with it all his
trouping days. And this pride is felt
alike by owners, executives, agents,
workingmen, staff and . performers.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 515
And these are the boys who keep the bigthing
moving, be they canvasmen, owners,
performers or train razorbacks.
There is no limit to their efforts, to the
lengths they will go to benefit their show.
The pages of circus road books are filled
with records of the accomplishment of
almost impossible feats, truly amazing
achievements.
Several years ago, the late Nick Petit,
one of the greatest contracting agents in
the annals of the American circus, received
word that the downtown show lot
in Pittsburgh had been lost to the cir-
It Is Late and the Night Show Is Over. You Can Go Home and Go to Bed. but the Circus Trouper Has to
Work, Perhaps All Night, to Move to the Next Town
Why is it ? What generates it ? Let Big
Jack McConnell, who hails from a
wealthy, cultured family of Lynn, Massachusetts,
explain:
"There's a bug flying about on every
circus lot," says Jack, who is a boss
canvasman. "For every tenth lad, who
totes water to the elephants or helps
pack in the grandstand chairs, this bug
makes a swoop. He stings this kid. The
boy's elected. It may take years for him
to find it out, but there's no place where
that lad will ever be happy except with
the big top. Sooner or later, he's hearin'
the band play, enjoyin' the scenery (from
an upper berth at night)., and wonderin'
how he's goin' to eat during the winter."
cuses by reason of building operations.
Petit jumped across country to the spot,
four weeks ahead of the date on which
his show was to play the stand. He
found the bad news true and he found
no other lot. There was none, but Nick
located a city dump on the Allegheny
side of the river within four blocks of
the heart of Pittsburgh's business district.
The dump was nothing but hillocks
and craters of refuse, an impossible
location. Without requesting authority
from his show managers, Nick hired
three hundred men and fifty teams, and
began scraping and hauling earth.
Within two weeks he had a circus lot,
literally a built one, sodded, large enough

516
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
and solid enough to accommodate one of
the largest circuses in the world. His
employers and fellow workers said little
of Nick's achievement—it was just "good
trouping." As a matter of fact, Nick
was mildly reproved for contracting an
insufficient amount of straw for the show
at Harrisburg! However, now that Nick
Petit has passed beyond, no gathering of
circus agents occurs without tribute to
the man who made a big city circus lot.
Each task is a separate one with the
white tops. A man's high average of
successful efforts does not excuse him in
the case of any specific failure or oversight.
"We have to 'troupe' and get the
Terrill read the wire, he realized there
remained just five hours before his first
section—a train termed the flying squadron,
carrying cookhouse, dining tents,
menagerie and horses—would be loaded
and ready to move to its next stand. If
not Albany, where?
Luckily, the general agent of the show,
Ed C. Warner, long recognized as one
of the speediest railroad men in show
business, was on the grounds. Without
hesitation, he named Schenectady as a
substitute stand, and, rushing to a long
distance telephone, began changing railroad
contracts and orders, while he wired
agents and billers to reach the new stand
There's No Loafing on the Job When the Mammoth Circus of Today Gets the Tent and Equipment Down
and Out of One Town into Another
money each day, or tbe big thing blows ; by Sunday morning at all costs. Over
up," says the manager. And it's true. the wire, Warner talked to the mayor of
Last year, one of America's two large : Schenectady, explaining the big show's
circuses was playing a Saturday stand I predicament and begging a license to ex-
on Staten Island. Great effort had been i Libit there Monday. With that verbal
made railroading the show there from i
r
Newark, New jersey, and the Sunday
permission, and hasty cooperation on the
part of the New York Central, he was
journey to Albany, where the circus was > ready to attend to details. Taking fifty
advertised to play Monday, was all the men from the show, he rushed to the
management cared to undertake in the ; new town.
way of hard trouping. However, with­ That Sunday will long be remembered
out any intimation of trouble preceding- f in Schenectady. Three circus bands
it, a wire was placed in the hands of f gave concerts in the parks, while men
Zack Terrill, the general manager of the : announced the appearance of the circus
show, late Saturday afternoon. The mes­ on the morrow. Billers, for once dissage,
from the mayor of Albany, stated I regarding union rules as to Sabbath
that owing to sudden, violent develop­ work, sheeted circus paper on billboards,
ments in a street car strike prevailing in i fences and walls, even as the show trains
that city, the show could not be per­ steamed into the city. Agents had momitted
to exhibit there Monday. As
{Continued on page 634)

An Unusual Funeral Cortege Passing Over the Frozen Waterways from a Tiny Village in the Spreewald,
Near Berlin, to the Cemetery. The Coffin Was Drawn on a Sledge by Friends of the Deceased, While
Mourners Followed on Skates
So That the Men
Can Be on the Lookout
for Crooks, the
West Park Board in
Chicago Has Installed
These Boxes
Which WiU Call the
Nearest Policeman by
Showing a Green
Light in the Daytime
and Ring a Gong at
Night
The Bridge Near
Hansen, Idaho, Over
Snake River Is
Termed the Highest
in the World. It Is
Three Hundred ajnd
Sixty-five Feet
Height
517

I
'ifft
PHOTO BY .. I- TABNOS-I, CHi.AeO CAMERA ClUO
A Midwinter Scene Over the Hill and Far Away. A Study in Diffused Photography

OUTDOORS WITH YOUR
CAMERA IN WINTER
By ELON JESSUP
T H E average amateur photographer
finds outdoor winter pictures a good
deal of a gamble. Sometimes results
are excellent and again they are
extremely poor. Amateur photography
as practiced in winter is too often a hitor-miss
proposition. Yet with a proper
understanding of conditions there is no
reason why one should not get excellent
pictures.
One of the fundamental rules of photography
at any time of the year is to
know your camera thoroughly, know
what to expect of it and what not to expect
under given conditions. First of all,
you must know its shortcomings. And
a camera in the cold weather out of doors
may develop shortcomings wliich it does
not possess in summer—which is one
reason why winter photography as practiced
is so much of a gamble.
The mechanism of a camera during
cold weather is often subject to physical
changes for which due allowance must
be made. Cold contracts the metal parts
and for this reason it is not at all unusual
for a shutter to work considerably more
slowly than in summer. There are times
when the shutter will refuse to function
at all. In that case, go indoors and allow
it to thaw out.
It will be readily understood that one
may easily be fooled in winter time by
the slow action of a camera's shutter and
thus acquire a wholly erroneous idea of
Night Photographs Are Easily Possible Because the
Camera Can Reproduce Anything the Eye Can See
A Scene Taken with
the Lens of the Camera
Pointed Toward
the Sun. The Sails
of the Boat, However,
Were Used as a
Screen
what constitutes correct exposure. Not
infrequently a shutter which is set to
work at the speed of one-fiftieth of a
second in realitv works at a speed ui
about one-tenth of a second. I do not
say that a shutter invariably slows down.
Sometimes it works perfectly. 1 merely
give warning of its tendency.
Of course, your shutter may be working
perfectly, but, if you do need to adjust
it to one-fiftieth of a second in order
to get an exposure of one-tenth, it is well
to know this fact. With most shutters.
you can receive an approximate idea of
the speed from the sound of the click.
Indoors, a shutter usually works normally,
and for this reason you have a
standard by which to go. By clicking it
at various speeds indoors your ears become
accustomed to the duration of these
and then when you go outdoors you are
able to distinguish any marked differences.
Another shortcoming to which a
camera is subject when it is taken from
a warm room to the cold winter outdoors
is a cloudy coating of moisture which
often forms on the lens. If a picture
were taken under these conditions, the
finished print would be an indistinguishable
blur. After stepping outdoors to
take a picture it is advisable to glance at
your lens to make sure that the moisture
has evaporated. It will do so after the
glass has become thoroughly acclimated
to the cold.
Cold weather may also have its effect
upon films and plates. It is unwise to
develop them immediately upon bringing
them indoors. Allow the plate or film to
become acclimated to the heat of the
house and develop them in a fairly warm
519

520
The Sun Was Down and a Sleet Storm Was Raging,
but Sufficient Timing Made Possible This Picture
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
room. Cold developing solutions are
likely to give weak, flat negatives.
The most important element in average
winter photography, perhaps, is correct
exposure. The correct timing of exposure
for a film or plate in winter differs
from the timing in summer. It sometimes
happens that an amateur makes an
exposure, say one-fiftieth of a second on a
cold day for a scene which demands, say,
one-tenth of a second; if he gets a good
picture, it is because the shutter is working
at the latter speed. But when he
tries again on a warmer day with the
shutter this time working at its true
speed he probably does not get good results.
Anyone wholly unfamiliar with light
conditions can be led to believe the fallacy
that there is more light on a bright
winter day with the glare of sun on the
white snow than on an ordinary summer
day. But when acting accordingly in
making his exposure he discovers bis
mistake. The light which is reflected
from the snow with such seeming brilliancy
is just that—reflected light. And
reflected light can never be so intense as
the direct light of summer.
One must not lose sight of the fact
that the reflected light is present in a
snow scene and that it counteracts to a
fairly large degree the weak light of the
winter season. A winter scene which is
devoid of snow demands a considerably
longer exposure than does the snowscape.
Furthermore, a snowscape at high noon
with the sun shining brilliantly may take
an unusually short exposure. It is true,
however, that an open snowscape demands
a longer exposure than does an
open summer landscape.
Some of the best snow pictures are
those taken in the early morning and late
afternoon, for the reason that you then
have long, rangy shadows. It must be
remembered, however, that at such times
the white light of midday is lacking; a
yellow light has taken its place. This
means that the period of exposure should
be increased two or three times. From
midday on the intensity of light gradually
diminishes. After three o'clock in
December, four o'clock in January, and
five o'clock in February and March, it
diminishes with extreme rapidity.
It is when the ground is covered with
snow that winter photographv offers distinctive
possibilities found at no other
time of the year. Yet, a vast blanket of
snow which does not contain some ele-
Always Get Some Element of Contrast in a Scene. A Wide Expanse of Snow May Make a Technically Perfect
Picture, but Not a Pleasing One

ments of contrast and direct interest may
prove a monotonous and uninterestingpicture
even though from a technical
standpoint it be perfect. Do not try to
get too much territory within the confines
of one picture.
A running brook bordered by snow
and ice offers exceptional opportunities
for winter photography. And it is a
fascinating sport to make camera records
of tracks left in the snow by Molly Cottontail,
Bre'r Rabbit, Foxy Reynard, Old
Man Coon and other sly denizens of the
woods. The best results in track photography
are likely to be had when the sun
shines.
When taking track pictures and various
other winter subjects, it not infrequently
happens that especially fine results
can be obtained by breaking a rule
which some people consider one of the
fundamental principles of photography.
This rule is that you must never point
your camera toward the sun when taking
a picture. As a matter of fact, you can
get some fine snow photographs by pointing
your camera in the direction of the
sun. But in doing so it is important that
the lens be shielded in some way from
the direct rays of the sun and, so far as
possible, from the reflected rays as well.
To hold your cap above the lens as a
shade is usually sufficient.
Snow photography at night offers rare
chances for fine pictures. For we can
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 521
photograph whatever we see with our
own eyes, night as well as day. One can
see a great deal on a bright moonlight
night when the ground is covered with
snow, and so can the camera. But we
must not allow the camera to gaze too
long upon a night snowscape, for if it
does, the result will not be a night picture
; it will look as though it had been
taken in the daytime.
Much which has been said in the foregoing
about daytime winter photography
is, of course, equally applicable to night
photography. The main difference is the
length of exposure. Instead of working
in terms of short fractions of a second,
we work at night in terms of many long
minutes. An exposure under average
conditions is likely to range from fifteen
to thirty minutes, depending upon the
stop used and the nature of the surroundings.
An exposure of more than thirty
minutes is likely to give a day picture
with all feeling of night lacking.
Permanent lights in the foreground,
such as street lamps, are no great drawback
provided the direct glare is not
within the vision of the camera. The
camera can often be set up in such a
position that the lights are hidden by
trees or similar obstructions. The direct
glare of lights in the far background does
not matter. Indeed, the presence of
these may sometimes add to the value of
the picture.

AMONG THE CLIFF DWELLERS OF
NORTHERN AFRICA
By H. MURRAY JACOBY
For Saddles We Used Common Flour Bags. They
Served the Purpose, but Were Uncomfortable
ALJ( >UT 4:30 in the morning a little
stone came flying against the window.
This was Chelli Brahim's
signal that the mules were ready and
waiting downstairs. I hurried into my
clothes and a few minutes later stepped
out on the balcony of the little inn, the
only white man's hostelry in El Kantara.
The view, in spite of the semi-darkness,
was magnificent. The red limestone
rocks of Jebel Gaous and Jebel
l.ssor rise almost perpendicular out of
the ground, forming a narrow gorge
through which the El Kantara river
rushes into the Sahara.
Most mountain views impress the
traveler when at a distance, or half-way
up, or from the top, but there is a charm
all its own in slaving directly at the foot
There Is a Charm in
Staying at the Foot
of a High Mountainous
Range
522
of a high, mountainous range. Those
who have ever camped out in the Hermit
Camp at the foot of the Grand Canyon
along the Colorado river will have experienced
a similar thrill.
As it was, instead of riding through
'.he gorge into the oasis, we turned our
mules in the opposite direction along the
main road, built originally by the Romans
and as smooth as Broadway. Our saddles
consisted of ordinary flour bags with
the sides cut open, quite practical although
far from comfortable.
After a few hours' ride we left the
main road and followed the course of the
Tilatou River, a wild mountain stream
which empties into the El Kantara. The
word "wild" should be used very
guardedly for it was June, with the
Sahara separated only by a single mountain
stretch. The heat had dried up most
of the ordinarily large river so completely
that not a drop of water was in
sight. For hours we rode on between
towering mountains on both sides with
no sign of human or animal life—a
worthy overture to the great Sahara
beyond. At one time we entered a pretty
valley with a beautiful growth of bougainvilleas
on both sides of the river bed.
There also was a growth of wild apricot
trees which gave us some shade and
added a great deal to our lunch. Shortlv

efore we entered this valley, the first
sign of cliff-dweller culture loomed up,
a cave high up in the mountains wdiich
was occupied by some shepherds.
It was after a few more hours of travel
that we got the first real sign of the
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 522
The watch tower seems to have been a
popular institution with nearly all cliff
dwellers at all ages. The expedition of
the Peabody Museum, of Harvard, in its
exploration of northeastern Arizona, reported
a similar watchtower in a pre­
views of the Crude, Unfinished Houses of the Cliff Dwellers. Also the Young Lady Who Was
So Anxious to Get Her Little Sister in the Picture
cliff-dweller village of Tilatou. We had
been climbing steadily upward and had
reached quite a respectable height, wdien,
suddenly turning the corner, we perceived
the outpost of the Troglodytes.
This watchpost was very strategically
situated and gave a view of the entire
valley. The outpost, or sentry, consisted
of a little hut made from branches, just
enough to give some shade and protection
from the rain.
historic cliff dwelling in what is known
as Ruin No. 2. The layout of this prehistoric
ruin is, by the way, arranged in
terraces, again very much the same as
the layout of the modern cliff-dweller
village of Tilatou which unrolled itself
presently before our eyes.
The houses were built of rock of the
same color as the surrounding mountains
and it was almost impossible to notice
the village until one was right in the
The Pueblo Houses
of the American
Southwest Are Much
Superior to Those of
the African Cliff
Dwellers Shown
Above

524
The Outpost Was Made from Branches and Was
Just Large Enough to Afford Shade and Protection
from Rain
ILLUSTRATED WORLD
midst of it. Chelli Brahim pointed to a
small cone-shaped stone dwelling on top
of a high rock back of the village and
explained that this was the mosque.
After the splendor of the mosques of
Algiers this two-by-four stone hut was
certainly a modest sight.
As we rode through the village, about
a dozen children climbed up on the roof
of the cliff dwellings to watch our entrance,
but as soon as I pointed my
camera at them the entire brigade fell
flat on the roof. I turned around on my
saddle and pretended to show a deep
interest in the house on the opposite side
and then made a sudden turn with the
camera, but the boys were equally quick
and no picture resulted. The grown-ups
were even worse. They had a fear of
the camera that could not even be overcome
by the most liberal rewards of
paper francs. How much more sensible
—or commercialized—are our Pueblo
Indians in this respect! Considering the
difficulties involved, any pictures at all
of cliff-dweller types represent a really
gratifying result.
After the strenuous ride, we went
down to the river bed, took a refreshingswim
and then climbed up on the other
side where apricot trees supplied us with
liberal shade. Chelli Brahim had one eye
on the mosque and the other on his bottle
of wine, a rather liberal interpretation of
the Koran. In that respect he differed
with some of his coreligionists who only
partake of beer and whiskey on the
ground that the Koran never mentioned
such things and forbade wine only.
From this cozy little place, the cliffdweller
village, baking in the tropical
sun, looked like a huge swallow's nest
built under the shelter of a gigantic rock.
Its location was about fifty feet above
the river bed which is identical with the
height of a prehistoric cliff dwelling near
Kayenta, Arizona, situated in a deep,
narrow gorge known as the House
Canyon (Kinboko). This merely shows
that there is unquestionably an interrelation
of habits between the prehistoric
and modern cliff dwellers, irrespective of
continental differences. At that, it would
be a debatable question if these modern
cliff dwellers were much superior to their
prehistoric ancestors. Alfred Vincent
Kidder, in defining briefly the main characteristics
of the prehistoric cliff house
dwellers and basket makers gives the
following synopsis: "Stone houses built
above ground. Corn, squash. High development
of pottery. Textile arts well
developed."
All of this applies to these modern
cliff dwellers of the Sahara .Atlas, except
Each Village Is Governed by a Kaid. This One Was
a Very Old Man
that, due to different natural resources,
apricots and goats should be added to
the local industry. There are, in fact,
some points wdiere these modern troglodytes
are inferior to their predecessors.
{Continued on fagc 628)

SITTING ON THE TOP
OF THE WORLD
That's Where the Champion Steeple Jack Is Most
of theTime. He Is Widely Known Throughout
America and Europe as the "Human Fly"
By HORACE BREESE POWELL
SOME time ago, the authorities at
Washington were seeking a steeplejack
to scale the turrets of the post
office building there. The prospects were
more than discouraging. Then one of
the officials remembered that he had
heard at one time of a man called the
"human fly." The "fly" was sent for
and informed of the proposed task.
"Why, that's no job at all," the man
said. "Have you the necessary ropes and
scaffolds?" inquired the official. "Ropes!
Scaffolds!" he exclaimed. "I never use
them. They are for amateurs. I walk
up. That is how I got my title, the
'human fly.'" "My dear fellow," said
the official, "you may as well try to walk
up the wall of this room as attempt to
tackle the job." "I'll do that very thing,"
said the "fly," and he ran over to a place
where there was a clear wall. From his
satchel he took a queer looking pair of
shoes, and an even queerer looking pair
of gloves. When he had donned these
he scaled the wall, fly fashion, until his
head touched the ceiling. Apparently he
was as much at ease as though he were
on a ladder.
The man was Fred S. Sutherland, of
Los Angeles, who during the thirty-five
years of his climbing career has scaled
most of the tallest buildings and steeples
throughout the country. Fie is quite
proud of his title, the "human fly," and
has carried his name all over Europe and
this coun'ry. He has climbed the Washington
Monument seven times, painted
the Eiffel Tower in Paris, worked on the
Cathedral at Cologne, Germany, and
climbed up the outside of the great
Chemical Stack in Glasgow, Scotland.
But his specialty is painting and repairing
steeples and flagpoles. This is
an unusually dangerous business. Often
a scaffolding is erected around the steeple
to be repaired, but this is a costly oper­
Fred Sutherland, the
"Human Fly," on His
Way to the Top
1
ation. Sometimes the hazardous swinging
scaffold is employed. Sutherland has
invented a device which eliminates the
scaffold problem. It consists of suction
shoes and gloves with wdiich he can
quickly scale any surface with great
facility. "When I become fastened to
a wall with this outfit, it would take a
pressure of fifteen hundred pounds to
pry me loose," he declared. Lately he
has become so heavy that he has employed
a boatswain chair instead of the
suction apparatus.
On account of the nature of. his profession,
one would naturally expect him
to be a slender, wiry, agile little man.
Sutherland is far from fulfilling this
description. He is a short, heavy-set
man, weighs two hundred and nineteen
pounds, and is muscular and athletic.
He has never touched liquor, and never
uses tobacco in any form. "Can't afford
to take chances" was his laconic explanation
when I questioned him about
his abstinence.
If Sutherland has a fad, it must be his
eating. He never stops for breakfast.
His first meal is at three o'clock in the
afternoon and, not infrequently, when he
has some work which he wishes to finish
at a stretch, he will stay up on his aerial
perch for a couple of hours longer. He
always eats a big meal in the evening.
525

526 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Li t t 1 e
Black Speck at
the Top of the
Spire Is the
''Fly'' at
Work. He
Says H e's
Safer There
Than on the
Ground. This
Photograph Is
of the IndependentPresb
y t e r i a n
Church, in Atlanta,
Georgia
The "fly" has had many thrilling experiences
and narrow escapes. According
to the jiredictions of a seeress, he
will be killed in his twenty-eighth fall.
He has already had twenty-one accidents.
He has an iron nerve, and he seems to
be entirely without "nerves.". The man
is absolutely fearless. "It's all fate," he
insists, "and a man can't die before his
time comes." When I suggested that,
after so many thrilling escapes, he ought
to quit the business, lie shook his head.
"I can't die until my time comes, and
nothing will save me wdien my time does
come." he retorted.
Sutherland is a fatalist. That is why
a fall of two hundred feet did not affect
his nerve. No man in the country has
signed away his life so many times.
Whenever he is given a job, he signs a
written contract with his employer, absolving
the latter from all risk or claims
for damages in case he falls or is otherwise
injured.
"Afraid of falling?" He chuckled,
and his Scotch blue eyes twinkled good
naturedly, as he adjusted the ropes of
his boatswain chair, preparatory to scaling
the lofty spire which he was repairing.
"Fact is we never have much time
to think about it," he answered, after a
moment's reflection, "but as far as I'm
concerned, I feel as much at home on top
of this 250-foot steeple as you do on the
ground. Sometimes I think it's safer up
there, for I've seen lots of folks hurt and
killed-in the street below me, during my
time."
But he has had some falls. While in
Chicago, in 1898, he climbed two hundred
and forty feet to the top of the waterworks
tower. As he neared the top, the
stone turret gave way and he fell into
the clear, a drop of one hundred and
seventy-five feet. He struck the telegraph
wires forty feet above the ground
and thus escaped death.
In Columbus he once fell from a height
of two hundred and ten feet, but, in falling,
he caught a cornice and broke his
fall. He spent three months in the hospital
after this accident.
"Do you ever think of death or the
hereafter while you work?" I asked,
after he had described one of his escapes.
"Not often," he answered. "But I did
some deep meditating once wdiile I was
on a building in San Francisco. I had
started up the flagpole and, suddenly, the
wind became so strong that I could not
go any higher. It was just as dangerous
for me to attempt to descend. So for
nearly an hour I clung there, sometimes
almost at rig'ht angles to the flagstaff.
"Another occasion when I thought of
a few things was when a cornice cut
through the rope which was holding up
the platform on which I was working.
I discovered it just in the nick of time.
Many times I have had parts of the
buildings to which I was clinging,
crumble in my hands wdien I have been
several hundred feet above the ground.
I must admit that such an experience
gives one a creepy feeling, to say the
least."
Sutherland once climbed the Washington
Monument, five hundred and fifty
feet high, in two minutes less time than
it took a man to run up the stairs on the
inside of the building. Ble has a record

of going up a 200-foot blank wall in two
minutes and ten seconds. In 1909 he
climbed a flagpole at the edge of the
Grand Canyon, in Arkansas. The pole
was just on the edge of the Canyon and
there was a sheer drop of a cool mile and
a half, had he fallen.
Once he ran up a tower in California
to win a wager. When he got part way
up, he began to slip by reason of the fact
that the paint had blistered on the walls
of the tower. Several times he was about
to give up in despair, but he finally
reached the top. After a short rest, he
descended, but he was very weak wdien
he reached the ground.
"It was in the Navy that I learned to
climb," declared Sutherland. "The captain
of the ship I was on once offered a
prize to the man who would climb to the
topmost point of the mast and gild the
ornament on it. I volunteered for the
try. Mv shipmates declared I was craz\
and told me I would be killed. Nevertheless
I made the attempt, succeeded.
and was awarded the prize money.
"I have been climbing for thirty-five
years now, for I took up this business
soon after I served out my enlistment in
the Navy. When the Spanish-American
War broke out, I reenlisted, and was
assigned to the ship Winslow. There I
Mr. Sutherland Took a Good Look at the Chicago
Loop from This Safe Spot
served as chief gunner's mate, and I was
on the ship when Ensign Bagley, the first
victim of the war, was killed."
Sutherland worked for two weeks on
ILLUSTRATED WORLD .527
Neither the "Fly" nor the Gold Ball Look Like Much
Here. But Sutherland Is a Fairly Good Sized Man
and It Is an 18-Foot Ball
the wreck of the Maine, when it was
being raised, and exhibits a badge which
he took from the body of one of the dead
sailors of that ill-fated vessel. One of
the interesting things wliich he carries
with him as he goes about the country
is an illustrated memoir book, containing
photographs and clipping-records of his
experiences.
Perhaps his most amusing experience
was during the World's Fair at Paris, in
March, 1889, when he climbed the apex
of the Eiffel Tower and placed a flagpole
in position. "I played a rather neat
trick at that time," he said, in discussing
the event. "\\ hen I had completed the
placing of the pole, I went aloft to set
the halyards. One end of my rope I
carried up with me and the other end
rested on the ground below. To this
lower end I had fixed an American flag.
When I was ready to descend, I caught
hold of my end of the rope and slid down.
The flag was automatically raised, and
when I touched the floor, it was seen
floating eleven hundred feet above the
earth. Needless to say, the French were
furious, but I felt that if it was necessary
for them to call upon America to fix their
tower, it was only just that our flag
should have the advertisement,

:V*_S'
^ "^ik -'-v_. _«•«_
Showing a Perfect Coordination of Muscles.
If You Think it's a Soft Job Cutting an
Apple in Half on a Man's Head Without
Even Splitting a Hair, Get One of Your
Friends to Let You Try it on Him
And Then There Are Men Who Have a
Different Kind of Muscular Development.
For Instance, This Young Greek Strong
Man Bends a Heavy Iron Bar with His
Teeth. The Girls Refused to Tell How
Much Weight Is on the Bar
$28
The "Saturn" Is an Iron Wheel with Its
Rim Encircled by a Rubber Tire. It
Easily Carries a Load of One Hundred
Pounds. Upper Photo Shows a Man Pushing
the Conveyance and Below Is Shown
the Wheel Open with the Contents
Inside It

MAKING INDOOR GOLF
MORE USEFUL
INDOOR golf will soon be in full
swing again anil countless numbers
of golfers and would-be golfers will
be thrashing the inoffensive ball up
against the canvas barrier.
It has always seemed to me that golf
instructors do very little to vary the
monotony of the practice for their pupils,
and that they do practically nothing in a
mechanical way to spare themselves
much labor and talking where, indeed,
much that cannot effectively be done out
of doors may be quite conveniently accomplished.
The golf instructor who
does this will find that it means more
money for him and greater satisfaction
for his pupils.
Take for instance, the important matter
of keeping the head still, wdiich is
really included in the ancient cry of
"Keep your eye on the ball."
Now, keeping one's eye on the ball is
not incompatible with raising one's head
several inches during the downward
stroke. Raising the head naturally connotes
raising the shoulders and this, as
most golfers know, means a topped ball,
one that is hit too high up or as the club
is coming upward. Very few golfers
understand that a ball that is hit below
the center can be topped, but this may
happen as easily in golf as in tennis. If
the ball is struck after the club has got
to the lowest point in its swing and as it
is on the upward curve, there is liable to
be a considerable amount of topspin on
the ball, and topspin is the one spin that
has no place in practical golf.
This raising of the head can, in an
indoor school, be prevented in a very
simple manner that would not be convenient
out of doors.
Suspended from the roof, and coming
down to within an inch or so of the
player's head, may be a hinged lever,
which does not in any way interfere with
the player's stroke.
This lever may be so arranged that the
player is made aware of his error
merely by contact, or it can be so constructed
that the raising of the head es­
tablishes an electric circuit and rings a
bell or lights a lamp.
On the side of the player farther from
the hole may be placed another lever so
arranged that it will act in a similar manner
if the pupil draws his head away
from the hole, as usually happens wdien
one is putting too much weight onto the
right leg. This, in golfing parlance, is
called "swaying," and it is considered a
very bad fault.
There would not necessarily be any
lever on the side nearer the hole, for it
is proper that the player, at the moment
of striking the bail—actually a fraction
of an instant before he does so—should
move the weight of his body onto the left
foot and leg, and naturally the head must
follow the body.
In a perfectly constructed head leverage
system such as this, it would be
feasible to have a lever between the
player and the hole to show that the
player had properly moved his weight
520

530 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Martingale Makes It Necessary to Keep the Eye
on the Ball. If the Head Is Raised, the Ball, Club
and Ground Disappear from the Sight of the Player
forward. Thus the top lever and the
rear one would record the faults and the
front lever would show that the proper
movement had taken place. The advisability
of this may, however, be open to
question. Some people will contend that
only errors should be indicated.
A system of colored lights or some
other device could be arranged to register,
in front of the pupil, the results of
his work. Thus he would not require
his instructor to tell him what he was
doing wrong. In fact, he could practice
by himself and thus enable his teacher to
instruct several pupils at the same time.
Then in the important matter of the
correct use of the left foot at the top of
the swing, which is not known to, or
correctly taught by, one professional in
a hundred, a most useful mechanical aid
could be used.
Most professional golfers, at the top
of the swing, put what weight the left
foot carries on the inner side of the foot.
I did not see one golfer in that wonderful
field at the recent National Open Championship
at Skokie that used his left foot
correctly at this most critical point in the
golf stroke.
The only correct way for anyone to
use the left foot at this time is to have
the weight that it carries equally dis­
tributed right across the ball of the toes.
The foot should be planted on the earth
as solidly and firmly as though a tenpenny
nail were driven through every
joint of every toe into the earth. Then
as the heel leaves the earth in the upward
swing the knee falls naturally and easily
in toward the ball, and not. as usually
instructed, toward the right leg. for the
somewhat obvious reason that it is physically
incapable of bending sideways.
As a matter of fact, it would be better
to say of this movement that it is the
knee bending in toward the ball that
brings the heel of the left foot up from
the ground, for the height of the heel
from the ground is regulated entirely by
the amount of bend in the left knee that
is necessary to allow the individual player
to secure a proper body turn, or pivot,
as it is sometimes called.
A simple mechanical correction for
neglect of this footwork would be an
inverted stirrup to fit over the ball of the
left foot anil so arranged that it would
register wrong footwork as on the head
leverage system or merely by showing
movement.
This is not a far-fetched idea. For
cricket a batsman was supposed to be able
"to play all around the wicket," in other
words, to direct his ball to any part of

the field without raising his right foot.
Many a youngster has had his right foot
tied to a peg to teach him to keep it
down, so that the wicket-keeper could
not whip off his bails as soon as he raised
it, and so put him out.
Raising the head can also be corrected
by the use of the golfer's martingale, described
in these columns some months
ago. This consists of a pair of crescentshaped
pince-nez painted so as to be
opaque, thus making the player look over
them to see the ball. It is obvious that
the depth of them, or of a similarly
shaped patch of paint on a pair of spectacles,
would be the only limit to the degree
required of keeping one's head
down.
Here is one hint for the indoor golfer.
He has seen the ball-player swing three
clubs about just before he goes to the
plate. Why does he do it? So that he
may feel his one bat so much lighter and
be able to hit more quickly with it.
Baseball players are very practical persons.
Is there here no hint for the
golfer? What is wrong with having a
practice golf-club two or three times as
heavy as an ordinary club and tuning and
toning up one's golf muscles with suitable
exercises? There cannot be the
least doubt that this and similar ideas
would land a golfer on the tournament
ground much fitter than the man who
fondly deludes himself that golf is the
best training for golf, which most emphatically
it is not. Golf one must have
in training for golf, even as one must
have boxing in training for a fight, but.
in each case, there are many things that
go to increase the efficiency of the main
pursuit.
In using the heavier club for develop-
MMMW^MK 1
A Rubber Grip, Somewhat Large, Is a Great Help
ing the muscles used in golf, it would be
well to have the end of the shaft made
much thicker than the grip. This can
probably best be done by adding a large
rubber grip. The rubber grip protrudes
about two or three inches beyond the
hands and the increase of size begins just
at the hand that is topmost on the shaft.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 531
It is obvious that in manufacturing a
club the best way would be to make the
shaft in the desired shape.
It will, in due course, be found that
this grip is a decided advantage in all
driving and approaching clubs, as it lessens
the extreme tension necessary to
fight the great amount of centrifugal
force set up by the golf stroke.
Abe Mitchell, speaking of this idea,
said that he wished he had had it on his
clubs at Washington, where the heat was
so intense that the perspiration made it
difficult for him to retain his grip on the
clubs.
This grip, beyond doubt, makes it
easier for a player to use his muscles
with less rigiditv than is necessary with
the ordinary grip, and, in these days
when one hears everybody talking of
relaxing in the swing, this point should
not be overlooked.
One other indoor device that I have
never seen, although there are devices
on somewhat similar lines, is the lowdriving
target.
This should consist of a series of horizontal
and parallel canvas compartments
one above the other, like long, narrow
boxes on top of one another. They
should be of a suitable width and height,
that nearest to the ground being the
shallowest and most valuable, and the
others increasing gradually in depth and
score as they go higher.
The idea of this is to make the player
If You Have
Trouble from
Moving Your
Foot, Try Using
a Stirrup
try to get into the low receptacles, wdiich
would count the best. This would induce
practice for the low drive, which
connotes backspin, the king spin of modern
golf, and, moreover, it would mean
that the player inevitably would have to
strive for the low follow-through in golf
that makes so emphatically for the long,
low ball.
These are merely a few of many things
that may be done to brighten indoor golf
and make it more interesting, more popular
and more useful.

mmH *
-3-
SQUIRREL^MAN
Dealers in Seeds
Rocky Mountains U S.A.
£

entire crop of that one tree is on the
ground and then come down and put the
cones away in short order wdthout stopping
to dig out places for them.
As a matter of fact, Mr. Squirrel usually
does run down after the first few
minutes of cutting to look over what he
has done and see that nothing is disturbing
the cones as they fall, but after
this first look he is likely to pay no
more attention to the lower end of
the job until he has cleaned the tree top.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 533
cones are simply piled into the water
where they seem to keep perfectly.
Thus do these thrifty little woodsmen
provide their winter supply of food, and
it seems an unfair robbery for men to
come along and pillage their hard-earned
store of luscious seeds. But, wdien you
know that the average pair of squirrels
will put away a supply five or ten times
more plentiful than, they can possibly
consume through the winter and that
most of these human seed gatherers are
In the Foreground Are Typical Water Spruce Trees and in the Background Is a Dense Growth
of Pines and Firs. From Places Such as This Come the Pine Seeds
Sometimes he goes at the business in a
truly wholesale manner and cuts the
cones from half a dozen trees before he
puts any of them away.
Storing his treasure is a very simple
and yet systematic process. The little
harvester of the woods does it all in an
orderly and efficient manner. The cones
are packed tightly into the places prepared
for them or in layers in damp piles
of last year's hulls and covered over
lightly with hulls or with damp leaf mold
or soil. The storehouse is always in a
damp spot so that the cones will not become
dry and open or shatter. In many
cases where there are little trickles of
water in the narrow mountain canyons,
deepening here and there into pools,
human after all and leave a fair supply
of food to the rightful owners, it does
not seem so bad. Just why Nature made
the spruce squirrel's ambition and industry
so far exceed his appetite nobody
knows, but certainly it comes in handy
for the man who wishes to make a few
extra dollars supplying the evergreen
seed market.
In return for their assistance in his
business the cone harvester protects these
little bushy-tailed partners of his from
death at the hands of hunters who come
into the woods. The spruce squirrel is
delicious eating, but in those sections
where his labor is needed he is rarely
called upon to grace the frying pan.
Sometimes the little fellows get wise

534 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
This Alpine Fir Is Growing Thirteen Thousand Feet
Above Sea Level. The Altitude Accounts for Its
Scrubby Nature
and retaliate for robbery by following up
the seed gatherer and pillaging his sacks
and bins. Wdien the U. S. Forest Service
was gathering cones in great quantities
up in Wyoming several years ago,
it became necessary to see that no unwatched
sacks were left by the roadside
because the squirrels would come and
cut into them, emptying them of their
contents in short order. One French-
Canadian said : "Ze leetle thief ! I steal
him one sack cones. He steal me two
sacks!" In several instances I have
known the robbed squirrels to come down
in or near the sheds and bins where the
seeds were being cleaned. Sometimes
the persistent little visitors will stay the
year round, apparently counting on the
pillager of his last year's store to furnish
him with a new supply this year.
Tlie chief kinds of timber in the New
Mexico Rockies are Douglas fir, blue
spruce, water spruce, limber pine. Western
yellow pine, Alpine fir and a tree
which the people of the section call balsam,
but which is in reality a fir, the
correct name of which is Abies' concolor.
Of all these the last named is in greatest
demand, especially for shade-tree purpose.
Fortunately for the seedsman,
its cones are the favorite food of the
squirrels, so that cooperation seems al­
most ideal. Other varieties are used to
some extent, pine and fir especially for
reforestation purposes often being
shipped in quantities to various European
countries.
Separating the seeds from the cones
is not a difficult-process, but it does involve
some time. The first step is to
spread the cones out in a large box or on
a canvas so the sun's rays can warm and
drv them until they open to release the
seed within. The cones of all the varieties
mentioned except the so-called
balsam open without shattering, and the
seeds can be threshed out comparatively
free from hulls and trash. The concolor
cones, however, fall entirely to pieces,
hulls and seeds all together in one mixture.
A process of screening, preferably
with a rotary screen with meshes just
large enough to let the pear-shaped seeds
through, is the next step for these. Later
screenings will eliminate the smaller
trash and constant handling rubs off the
gauze wings so that the seeds are heavy
enough to drop in the wind. A fanning
mill will serve for the rounder seeds and
can be used for concolor, but these are
perhaps best cleaned by being poured out
from a bucket and allowed to fall some
Cones from Douglas Firs Spread Out in the Sun to
Dry. Before Being Sent Away
six or seven feet in a gentle natural
breeze. The light trash blows aw r ay and
the seeds are left in a reasonably clean
pile. The last step, which is always
necessary in order to get rid of bits of
hulls and of resinous gum about the size
of the seeds themselves, is to pick them
over by hand. This need not be a tedious
(Continued on page 624)

Strange Town, Peculiarly Divided, Built
Entirely Upon Water
By FRANCIS DICKIE
N E X T to the city of Venice, the Being built upon the water, the city's
town of Brunei, in the independent market is the surface of the river. A
state of that name in Borneo, is certain portion of it is set aside for this
the largest city in the world built entirely •purpose, and early in the morning the
f r ~^ B »- > '- a _fltf !cec ^p r
X A
US
"V
V
5=^^?S?^S*S-f»
i ^
9i x '«J^^jH
The Houses. Built on Piles. Ar Separated According to the Classes of Employment of the
Persons Living in Them
on the water. But because Brunei is in
a land so remote and little visited by
travelers, nothing has been told about it.
Yet the place has a population of about
ten thousand and formerlv had nearly
twice this number of Malays. Like
\ enice, only to a greater extent in proportion
to size, the town is built on small
piles made of a kind of palm which gives
great resistance to the decay caused by
water. It extends on either bank of the
Brunei river for a couple of miles.
The peculiar thing about the place is
that a system of segregation of people
differently employed is rigidly in effect.
so that the houses are in detached groups,
each group being separated by a waterway,
with streets of bamboo intersecting
the different rows. Thus the workers in
metal or cloth, the fishermen and the
traders, keep to themselves. In fact,
these Malays have achieved a system that
some white people have tried in various
cities of America, the latter without success.
women of the town meet the women from
the country, as do also the Chinese merchants.
The city people trade fish and
various manufactured articles for fruit,
vegetables and other produce of the
jungles. The headgear of the women, of
both town and country, is unique, consisting
of huge hats of straw, in shape
The Things That Look Like Toadstools Are Hats and
the Women Attending the Market Are Under Them
like an upturned bowl. These hats measure
from three to four-and-a-half feet
across the brim.
53!

WAS the "CAVE MAN "OUR
%y MARK H R.EVELL
A N E W , soft warmth in the air tells
that spring has come to stay.
Fifty feet below us the Seine
river, swollen with melted snow, rushes
tumultuously between its newly verdured
banks to the sea; on the steep bank, to
either side of the narrow path up which
we have been toiling from the river bottom,
early spring flowers are winking
and twinkling among the dead weeds of
the preceding year. Old King Winter,
reinforced though he is by the giant
glacier still covering the north part of
England, must release his grip for a few
short months.
But at the next turn in tbe path, all
this peace and happiness is shattered. As
we round the protruding shoulder of
moldering clay, before us we see battle—
not the conflict of armed hosts, but one
of those silent duels between individuals
which, twenty-five thousand years ago,
established the supremacy of man in
Europe.
Just before us on the path are two
figures, one having gone before us up
536
the path, and the other descending it
towards us.
Our predecessor is squat, . ape-like.
covered with a reddish hair. He is halfcrouching,
his long arms reaching almost
to the ground, as he shifts and sidesteps.
watching a favorable opportunity to
strike with the sharpened flint he holds
in his hand. We catch a fleeting glimpse
of his face, beetle-browed, with low,
sloping forehead, retreating jaw, and
simian expression. He is a niglitmare of
a man, as his jaws champ with rage and
his eyes flash hatred.
Above him, and facing both him and
us, is a different figure—a tall, well-made
blond man, with high forehead and
broad face. He, too, is animated with
sudden rage, but he does not crouch,
ape-like, for battle. Instead, he steps
back, fumbling among the folds of his
fur garment for a weapon. An instant
later he leaps back still farther, turns and
runs twenty feet. Then he whirls about.
raises a bow, and lets fly an arrow. The
ape-like figure crumples. The other
comes on and with a contemptuous kick
thrusts the body of his foe over the edge.
We step aside as he passes, with an impulse
to salute, for in him we recognize
a Cro-Magnon, the first true human being
to enter western Europe, and a member
of the race which won Europe for
the use of mankind.
All of us have heard of the "cave
man," the skin-clad, hairy chap with his
stone hatchet, who hunted the mammoth
and practiced his "cave-man" tactics of
lovemaking. We know that he lived in
Europe, probably during the Ice Age, and
most of us assume that he was the forebear
of the present European races. That
is, we assume that we are descended from
the "cave men" of whom we hear so
much.

ANCESTOR ?
But, if we listen to the scientists
who are spending their
lives unravelling the true story of
these dim and misty times in the
prehistory of our race, we get quite
a different story, a story which
places our true ancestors in even more
heroic light than we thought, and which
forces many changes in our cave-man
ideas. We shall learn of perils, dangers
and rivalries that we never thought our
forefathers faced, and we shall learn
that, contrary to common belief, most of
us do not have a drop of cave-man blood
in our ancestry.
First off, who were these cave men?
Briefly, they are the men, or manlike
creatures, who occupied Europe from
about one hundred thousand to ten thousand
years ago. We know them principally
by the tools they made from flint,
which now we dig out of river beds and
the old camp sites where they congregated.
The dates we estimate from the
probable age of the formations in wdiich
these relics are found, and we call them
cave men because they took refuge from
wild beasts and winter cold in the many
limestone caverns which are scattered
about Europe. The natural assumption
from this much information is that in the
course of long ages these brutish races
improved and developed their culture,
and gave rise, if not to the present European
stocks, at least to peoples known to
history.
The first blow this theory suffers is the
growing belief among scientists that
many of these so-called cave men were
not men at all, any more than a tiger is
a leopard, or either is a domestic cat!
Instead of the simple older idea that man
is a creature unique, they now offer us
the startling idea that, when man first
appeared on the earth, he was only one
of several different kinds and patterns of
manlike form, just as the tiger, the leopard
and the lion are different forms of
catlike animals, and that man had to
subdue, not only the natural world, but
all these rival races!
Suppose we return to our Cro-Magnon
and his foe, a Neanderthal, as many have
guessed already from his description.
Science, represented by the majority of
present-day scientists, now affirms that
the term "Neanderthal man;' in the sense
that "man" means a human being of the
sort that now inhabits the earth, is a
misnomer. The Neanderthal was manlike,
in form and primitive intelligence,
but biologically he belonged to a different
species, no closer to true man than
the chimpanzee is to the orang-outang.
Why do they believe this ? For one
thing, there is the matter of the skull.
The human skull is broad and high over
the eyes, even the lowest types of living
537

53s ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The Neanderthal. There Is a Vast Difference Between
the Highest Type of Neanderthal and the
Lowest Man
man being superior in this respect to any
other animal, including manlike forms
like the Neanderthals. This feature is
distinctive, for it is in the forepart of the
brain that the intellect resides. If the
cranium is limited, so is the individual's
capacity for mental development. Now,
just as a horse could not give rise to a
cow, so scientists — most of them — believe
that the Neanderthal could not have
developed into a present-day man. They
believe this because enough Neanderthal
skulls have been found to indicate the
trend of their development, and in the
twenty thousand or twenty-five thousand
years that have elapsed since the last
Neanderthal lived, scientists believe that
this development could not have produced
a present-day human skull, even
of the lowest type.
It is the same with other racial features.
Just as we have Percherons and
Arabians among horses, so we have
whites, yellows, and blacks, "long heads"
and "round heads" among men. But at
bottom these types are all men and probably,
if any one type were subjected for
untold generations to the influences
which produced another, it would tend
toward the other in appearance. The
all-but-black skin of the Aryan Hindoo.
subjected for only a few thousand years
to the torrid climate of India, is a case
in point. All the existing differences in
men are explainable as variations in a
single stock, and none of them are nearly
as great as the difference between the
highest Neanderthal and the lowest man.
What, then, is the true story of the
human race, if these early forms are to
be ruled out of our ancestry?
For its beginning, we must go back a
quarter of a million years or so in time,
and visit south-central Asia or northern
India—the region whence, science tells
us. both these "pre-human" types and our
own ancestors came. The plants, most
of the animals, and the climate are much
the same as they are today; but when we
look for true man, we find not a trace.
Instead, we run into the astonishing fact
that long before man appeared on the
earth. Nature was busying herself with
experimental efforts, and that in these
efforts she produced several utterly
distinct types and models of manlike
creatures as distinct from man and from
each other as man is from the apes!
As each of these "experimental" types
waxed strong it spread out from the
original Asiatic home, over the grass
lands of the Caspian and the Isthmus of
Suez, into glaciated Europe and tropic
Africa. Several types we know, from
finding their remains in Europe—the socalled
"Heidelberg man," the "Piltdown
man." and the "Neanderthal man." The
last, arriving in Europe perhaps one hundred
thousand years ago, wiped out all
predecessors and established itself as lord
of the continent. And so far as we know
now, true man had not yet been created.
While they were not men, and probably
could not develop into men, in these
Neanderthals, Nature came much nearer
the true human type than in any of the
preceding efforts. The Neanderthals
knew how to chip flints into knives and
scrapers, and with these they hunted the
mammoth and fought off the bears of
northern European forests. They knew
the use of fire; and when winter cold
forced them to lurk in caves and grottoes,
they had a rude social life, made
possible by some guttural, primitive language,
like the chattering of apes. This
we judge because they buried their dead
with respect, indicating both the existence
of family ties and some form of

eligious impulse. So far they were
manlike.
But so far and no farther seems to
have been the trouble in their case.
Chimpanzees, for instance, can be taught
many manlike tricks, such as dressing
and eating at a table. But no chimpanzee
has ever fashioned a tool and, so far as
we can tell, not one ever will. It is
beyond the mental capacity of the chimpanzee
stock. The Neanderthal was
much more highly endowed ; but when
he reached the point described, probably
he had gone as far as the brain Nature
gave him would permit. That is why scientists
are coming more and more to rule
him out as a man. While the first men may
have been just as savage, or even more
so, they had the capacity for advancing
to their present state of civilization : the
Neanderthal did not. If he had been left
alone in Europe, he would probably he
living just as rudely today as he did
twenty-five thousand years ago.
But he was not left alone. While he
was lording it over Europe, back in the
ancestral Asian jungles whence he had
come, his doom was being prepared—for
at last true man had appeared in the
ancient cradle of all these forms, a creature
different from all these others, and
ready and able to assert his destined
mastery of the world.
Probably, as the slang phrase has it,
the first few thousand years were indeed
the hardest for our ancestors. Undoubtedly
the first true men were savage
indeed, and the rival races having been
on earth much longer, were farther advanced
in every way except innate ability
than their new rival. Taking them as
they were, it is quite within possibility
that they might have killed off the human
stock, and Neanderthals might have been
masters of the world today.
But the first men "had the brain," as
the saying is, and that told the tale. Undoubtedly
they were hunted savagely, as
they prowled about the haunts of the
Neanderthals, just as we kill prowling
gorillas today. But some of them survived—and
all the while they were learning.
The lessons that the Neanderthals
took a thousand years to learn, man probably
mastered in a hundred. Gradually
at first, but with increasing momentum.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 539
The Superior Features of the Cro-Magnon Over Those
of the Neanderthal Show Plainly Why the Cro-Magnon
Survived
thanks to his superior brain, he forged
ahead, lie learned all that the Neanderthals
knew and then some. He invented
the bow and arrow ; he developed an art
which in many respects was not equaled
until the advent of the Grecian golden
era: and about twenty-five thousand
years ago he wiped out all his man­
like rivals, ruled supreme in Asia, and
began to trickle into Europe. That is,
the white-skinned type of man did, for
the yellows, blacks and browns went the
other way.
Curiously enough, it seems that this
first wave of true men did not work westward
over central Europe, as did the
preceding forms. It seems fairly certain
that the first human immigrants
came through northern Africa, leaving
relics on the way, and burst into Europe
in the vicinity of Gibraltar. They met
the Neanderthals somewhere in Spain,
and seem to have made short work of
their brutish rivals in countless combats
such as we have described. With their
superior physique—they had nearly a
foot the advantage in stature—and their
higher intelligence, they should not have
found this hard.
These first true men were the so-called
Cro-Magnons, and it is with their ap-
(COHtinned on Page 626)

THE NORWEGIANS AT HOME
By ALFRED E. HENDERSON
H A V E you ever read "Rosmersholm,"
by Henrik Ibsen ? There
is a copy in your nearest branch
of the public library and it is to be found,
probably, both in the original and also in
Healthy Norwegian Girl in National Costume
the excellent translation made by William
Archer. I met Mr. Archer last year in
Norway and I know how perfect is his
understanding of the language and the
people. Few of the world's translators
have done for the original what William
Archer has done for Ibsen and therefore
for Norway, for to know the author is to
know the land. Magical witchery permeates
every little corner of the home of
the vikings of old and in this article we
will take an intimate glimpse from within
at the lives and customs of the most "different"
and at the same time the most interestingly
fascinating, from many points
of view of all the European peoples.
Of the three million people who live in
the land of the fjords and the midnight
sun and of all the magic mysticism one
540
would naturally expect to go with these
world wonders, about two million live in
the cities and towns and villages, leaving
almost a million who live in scattered
parts of the country far away from the
haunts of men. It is easy and natural,
then, for these two groups, the country
and the city types as we will call them, to
differ in marked degree. The leading
characteristics are, of course, the same;
but in dress, manner of life and above
all, in their clinging to traditional folksongs
and dress and folk-lore they are as
wide apart as the day is from the night.
Let us, therefore, consider them under
two headings: First, those of the lonely
outposts and smaller villages; and second,
those of the larger cities and towns.
The Danish genius may be said to be
lyric; that of the Swedes, epic; but the
Norwegian is essentially dramatic. Thus
a country smaller than Sweden and with
a total population no greater than that of
Norwegian National Wedding Dress

**m
m®.
A Typical Winter Scene in the Land Where the White Snows Gleam—Look at the Beautiful Effect on
the Branches of the Tree—in the Sunlight It Is Fairyland Indeed
$41

542 ILLUSTRATED WOULD
the single city of Chicago has produced
and continues to produce more literary
giants than any other country of the
world, irrespective of size or population.
What is the reason for this? The explanation
is to be found undoubtedly in
the silent mystic charm which pervades
ihe land, in its apartness and in the
centuries' old culture that takes one backin
unbroken line, to the days of the Vikingkings.
Blood tells and here you get a
practically pure strain.
The word "peasant" is sometimes used
in a disparaging sense in Central Europe.
In Norway it indicates the highest type
of manhood. The kings came from the
fine peasant stock and many of the oldest
families in the land trace their descent
from these lines of peasant noblemen
who formerlv ruled all or part of the
land and who now hold the main power
in the affairs of the country.
The Nobel Prize, awarded by Sweden
each year for the greatest world achievements,
has honored Norway twice in the
literary field; first. Bjornstjerne Bjornson
and, in 1920, Knut Hamsun. When
Hamsun for a time conducted a Chicago
street car, no one had the vision to see in
the rather slow young man the future
leader of the world in literature, but the
Norwegian looked upon that work as a
means to an end, rather than as the end
itself. At present in Norway Johan
Bojer, Sigrid Undset and Hans E. Kinck
are all writing books that are attracting
an ever-increasing audience of readers
all over the world. Each is a possible
candidate for the highest honor in the
literary world today.
As soon as one gets away from cities.
towns, and even large villages, then just
so soon will one enter upon a world entirely
distinct and different from all ordinary
accepted standards. National
dresses are worn on Sundays and on all
holidays; folk-dances are performed and
folk-songs rendered with a heartiness
that amazes no less than it captivates.
The habit of study, keen observation of
motives at first-hand, unerring strength
and sureness, coupled with deep religious
fervor, characterize the people it has been
The Old Norwegian Style of Farm Buildings—Before the Larger We See the Old National
Two-Wheel Vehicle the Kariol
my privilege to meet in North Norway.
Naturally, such men, accustomed to
meeting every danger, to facing all perils
of wind and weather, are quite unaccustomed
to meet people from other parts of
the world. Transplanted to New York,
Chicago, or San Francisco they would be

so confused by the changed conditions,
so constrained by the substitution of
civilization's counterfeits for Nature's
charms, that they would appear lost in
wondering thought, almost startled, in
fact, and so we would class them, in hasty
but wrongful judgment as stupid.
Nothing is further from the truth.
Continued contact with this type of Norwegian
has revealed that this apparently
stupid attitude is, in reality, shyness. It
is shared by both sexes alike and it is a
revolutionary revelation to us of the
western world. It comes from the quiet
of the land ; it is, as Service so aptly puts
it, "the sense of the stillness."
These people use words far less than
we do and in their talk they reveal an
unusual amount of understanding. They
are not ignorant by any means. In their
talk and particularly in their letters these
fishing and farmer folk of the north are
often capable of the highest type of expression
once we have been able to breakdown
the reserve, the habitual repression
of their nature. As children they have
heard the stories of the Troll, the legends
of the mystic beings who march through
wood, wind, and water, who go over
mountains in sunshine and moonlight,
and who guard the good and destroy the
bad. It is easy to conceive that many
believe in signs, or at least have a superstitious
regard for tokens and omens of
all kinds. Add to this the fact that the
ILLUSTR VTED \\'< )RLD 543
Driving by Reindeer at a Norwegian Mountain Resort
girls wear pretty national costumes of
various colors, red, orange, black, and
often green and gold, usually in combinations
of three colors to a costume, and
you will find it quite natural that the
simple, elemental virtues of sincerity,
truth, and honor stand out as the common
heritage of the people of the North, and
in fact, of all the sparsely-populated districts.
This is true, in a measure, the world
over, but more so of Norway than of
other parts of the world, for two principal
reasons: first, because there is no
regular means of communication with
the far-stretching stations of the north
and oftentimes a letter will be ten days
or more reaching its destination when it
must go by fjord steamer, rail, motor or
stol-kjaerre, or often by ski; second, because
of the exceptional beauty and
strangeness of the land, together with
the fact that it is so unproductive and
life is so difficult. Even the people of the
cities, Norwegians themselves, would
find it quite impossible to live in the
regions of the North where often the only
food obtainable is that caught or brought
down by the peasants themselves, supplemented
by flour and canned goods occasionally.
But think of the strength of
these peasants ; they are among the finest
people physically to be found anywhere.
They fairly radiate with health. Peasant
girls milking goats are very common.

544 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
The milk is rich and highly nutritive and
the cheese obtained from it is a nationally
known and adopted food at all meals. It
is termed "gjet-ost" (goat cheese) and
is famous for its sustaining quality. It
is imported into the United States in
large amounts.
Fish is the staple article of diet all over
the country, for salt or fresh water fish,
one or the other, is always at hand and
so marvelous is the water supply of Norway
that often both are within reach of
the same point. Then excellent grouse
The Spinning-Wheel, Now Entirely Out of Date, but
Still Used by Some Peasantry in Remote Places, as
in Telemarken, Where the Women in Their Picturesque
Costumes Take Their Spinning Wheels Out
in the Open and Here They Card and Spin the Wool
Which Will Later Make Garments for Themselves
(rypa) may be obtained and for the last
three weeks of September permission is
given to shoot the elk. A good bull elk
may weigh about fifteen hundred pounds
and he knows how to look after himself.
having remarkable power of scent and
hearing.
The importation of dogs into Norway
is forbidden, therefore the pure strain is
maintained of the intelligent native hunting
collies.
Large parties of British and American
sportsmen, the latter increasing during
the past few years, visit Norway every
year. In fact, no visitors to Norway are
more popular there than "de engelske
sportfiskere," the English salmon fishers.
It was they who discovered Norway as a
holiday ground. It is not too much to
say that the relations between these visitors
and their Norwegian hosts are
almost of an affectionate character. At
the salmon rivers their yearly coming is
looked upon as the event of the year.
They come back, usually, year after year,
first for the salmon fishing and then remaining
over, as a rule, for the grouse
shooting. The connection is handed
down from generation to generation, the
sons succeeding the fathers. It is thus
no wonder that the sportsmen themselves
feel bound to the country by tender ties.
For example, one nobleman returns
yearly to fish the rivers which his father
and grandfather before him fished during
their lifetime, traveling for that purpose,
to the lands bounded by the Arctic Sea.
"Kongsemnerne," "The Pretenders," as
it is called in the English translation by
Archer, by Henrik Ibsen and "Growth
of the Soil" by Knut Hamsun will help
the reader to understand these people of
the North much better.
Undoubtedly the most graphic descriptions
of Norwegians and Norwegian life
are those of Jonas Lie, the famous Norwegian
writer of what may be termed
"folk novels," who spent the most impressionable
years of his life in and
around Tromso, where his father held the
post of sheriff.
"If there is a home for a wonderfully
beautiful idyll," he writes, "it must be
in the fjord villages of North Norway in
the summertime. It is as though the sun
kisses Nature all the more lovingly because
he knows how short a time they
have to be together, and as if they both,
for a time, try to forget that they must
part so soon. Then the hill grows green
as if by a sudden miracle, and the bluebell,
the dandelion, and the buttercup, the
dog-daisy, the wild rose, the raspberry,
and the strawberry spring up in lavish
abundance by every brook, on every hillside,
on every mountain slope ; then hundreds
of insects hum in the grass as in
a tropical land; then cows, horses and
sheep are driven up the hills and the
mountain sides, wdiile the farmer comes
down from the highlands into the valley
with his reindeer and waters them in the
river; then the cloudberry moors lie reddening
for many a mile inland; then
{Continued on page 613)

ARE YOUR EYES
FIT TO DRIVE
A CAR?
By HARRY E. PINE, Opt.D.
IF you were to pick up your newspaper
and read that some terrible catastrophe
had killed 13,000 American
men, women and children and injured
and maimed 260,000 more, and had
caused more than $50,000,000 worth of
property damage, you would, no doubt,
get rather excited about it and demand
that the responsibility be fixed and that
steps be taken which would make a reoccurrence
impossible.
However, a recent report of the National
Bureau of Casualty and Safety
Underwriters shows that during 1921
13,000 persons were killed and 260,000
were injured by automobile accidents in
the United States. Must this frightful
loss of life continue? We Americans are
strong for demanding investigation after
some horrible accident has cost the lives
of hundreds, but too often our enthusiasm
seems to run out before we really do
anything about it. It seems to be like the
weather, about which Mark Twain said,
"Everyone is always complaining, but
never does anything."
After a careful investigation the Minnesota
State Association of Optometrists
(eye examiners) came to the conclusion
Railroads Are Extremely Careful to Make Sure Their Engineers' Eyes Are Perfect. If the Vision of These Men
Were Impaired, Scenes Like This Would Be Common
545
Bad Eyes, Hard Luck, or Carelessness, Which Was It?
that about twenty-five per cent of automobile
accidents can be attributed to
speeding and recklessness, and about
fifty per cent to defective vision. Approximately
eight per cent may be classed
as unavoidable, due to bad weather
conditions, poor roadways and bad crossings
; about five per cent to insufficient
knowledge of driving and ignorance of
traffic rules, and ten per cent to the driver's
loss of self control in an emergency.
Only about two per cent are due to defective
mechanism.

546 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
A Child with a Loaded Gun Is Less Dangerous Than a Man with Defective Vision Driving a
Large Car at a Great Speed
The defects causing most of the accidents
due to faulty vision, are far-sightedness
(Hyperopia), near-sightedness
(Myopia), Astigmatism, and a restricted
field of vision. In a poor light, so-called
night-blindness greatly interferes with
the quick perception of on-coming traffic.
Other defects of the eyes which may
cause accidents by automobile drivers,
are blindness of one eye and double
vision (Diplopia). Persons blind in one
eye have a limited field of vision and a
loss of the stereoscopic effect, and for
that reason are poor judges of distance.
We would have small respect for the
judgment of a man who gave his child
a loaded gun for a plaything; but we, as
a nation, are doing just that, when we
allow a man to take a death-dealing instrument
weighing thousands of pounds
and capable of traveling a mile a minute,
upon our public highways, without first
requiring him to show that he can see
so clearly that he is not a menace to the
community. The excuse that he "didn't
know that it was loaded" cannot be offered
in this instance.
We have but little regret when we read
that some "dumbbell" who rocked the
boat has succeeded in drowning himself,
and if the motorist with defective vision
was dangerous to himself alone it would
be a simple matter to let him go the short
time necessary until a broken neck re­
moved him from our midst. Any driver
knows, however, that the half-blind
driver is as great a danger to the most
careful as he is to another in his own
condition. When, from time to time,
after an automobile accident, the driver
is arrested, charged with "assault with a
deadly weapon," the excuse most frequently
offered, is "I did not see him in
time."
Every optometrist knows that there
are many people driving autos about our
Carelessness Is a Bad Fault, but Experts Say Twice
as Many Accidents Are Caused by Bad Eyes
streets who see so poorly that it is madness
to allow them to continue, but without
special legislation there is no way to
control this evil.
Dr. Ewing Adams, of Detroit, has
made a practical investigation of this

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 547
"A Smallpox Victim Would Not Be Allowed to Roam the Streets, Yet He Might Not Prove to Be as Great
a Danger to Others as the Auto Driver Who Sees Poorly"*
subject, with legislative action as a goal. not leave and from which the public is
He reports some drivers of motors hav­ fenced or otherwise safeguarded. Surely
ing vision as low as thirty per cent of there is much reason in the suggestion
normal in one eye, and ten per cent in that to be allowed to drive through our
the other. He found one chauffeur with busy city streets, a man must prove to
only light perception in one eye and fifty have visual powers equal to those of the
per cent vision in the other. He also railway engineer.
found one man deaf, dumb, with one In an article entitled, "Don't Move to
artificial eye and with vision in the other Sightless Town," which appeared in the
eye of but sixty per cent of normal. November issue, I pointed out that tests
In my own practice I have knowledge made by optometrists who are serving as
of a woman who drives a high-powered public school eye examiners proved that
car, and, wdth lenses, has but forty per seven of each ten people examined had
cent vision; also, a man with one artificial enough eye-strain to warrant the wearing
eye and vision in the other of but fifty of glasses, while but three of each ten
per cent. I also have as a patient a road wore glasses. Of course, we cannot de­
salesman who drives from city to city by mand the wearing of glasses by even
auto. His vision is but thirty per cent such of the general public as need them,
of normal in each eye. How would you but we can and should insist that those
drivers like to meet him on a bad road? who drive autos possess vision sufficiently
How do you know you won't meet him? acute to enable us to cut down this ap­
What are you going to do about it? palling number of unnecessary deaths.
The railroad companies require semi­ We would not knowingly allow a person
annual eye examinations for all their suffering from smallpox to roam our
trainmen. Engineers are required to cities, and yet such a person might not
have at least ninety per cent of normal
vision, although the trains these men operate
are on tracks which the train can­
prove to be as great a danger to others
as the auto driver who sees poorly.
{Continued on page 620)

Wo ; a Girl Guide Keep You Climbing?
Just as Many Masculine Hands Shake as Feminine, in
Scaling a High Mountain
By BERTHA SNOW ADAMS
M I S S ALMA D. WAGEN is the
first woman in the United States
to be given a position as professional
mountain guide in our national
parks. The most interesting part of her
work she says, is meeting the thousands
of people who annually go to play on
one of America's greatest mountains,
Mount Rainier, Washington, and she
has had many humorous experiences in
guiding her "charges" over the treacherous
trails.
Wdien but a mere child, Miss Wagen
Miss Alma Wagen, the First Woman in the Country
Appointed as a Professional Mountain Guide
felt the lure of high places and responded
to it by scaling the windmills in
the vicinity of her grandmother's Min­
548
nesota farm. Throughout the countryside
she was known as the "Little Windmill
Climber." After graduating from
college, Miss Wagen secured a position
as teacher of mathematics in the Stadium
High School of Tacoma, Washington,
and her impulse to climb was given fresh
impetus every time she looked from her
classroom windows which afforded an
uninterrupted view of Mount Rainier,
the Mont Blanc of America. Its 14,408
feet of snow-fields, glaciers, hair-breadth
ridges and yawning crevasses seemed to
offer her a perpetual challenge and she
determined to conquer them. But to do
this required training—the scaling of
lesser heights first. So she allied herself
with the Tacoma branch of the Mountaineers'
club and mapped out a sort of
preparatory course for herself.
Beginning wdth the Olympic mountains,
Miss Wagen continued her practice
climbing on Alaska ranges and
followed it with a hike through Glacier
National Park. During a three weeks'
tramp with the Mountaineers, through
southern Washington and northern Oregon
in which two hundred and forty
miles were covered, she successively
went to the top of Mount St. Helens,
Mount Adams and Mount Hood. Finally
deeming herself fit, she essayed the
fastnesses of her ultimate goal. At
timber line, she walked entirely around
Mount Rainier, a distance of more than
a hundred miles, ending the trip by
going to the summit from the north side,
a feat rarely attempted, the usual route
being from the south side by way of
Gibralta rock.
In 1918 when war was declared by
this country, most of the guides of
Rainier National Park had to report for
duty and Miss Wagen offered her services.
She was gladly accepted, and the
management declares her to be more
than ordinarily capable and resourceful.
"Up on top of the world one gets to
know people as they really are," Miss
Wagen said with a reminiscent smile. "I

have guided artists, editors, writers,
statesmen and internationally famous
captains of high finance ; but somewhere
along the trail from Paradise Inn to the
summit of the mountain, poet, diplomat
and capitalist all lay aside their pet poses
and become just plain folks. Hiking
through Rainier National Park may be
as easy or as strenuous as one chooses
to make it. A guide can take you on a
lazy man's jaunt, or give you all the
thrills your heart will stand. It's
truly amazing what a tremendous amount
of reserve strength, courage and endurance
most of us have. Naturally, there
are those who give up and turn back insisting
that they just can't go on; but
having started, I am happy to say that
the great majority are game enough to
finish the trip."
In this connection Miss Wagen was
asked how the women of her parties compared
with the men in the matter oi
stamina, and her answer came with
prompt decisiveness.
"There is no denying that man is
physically stronger than woman," she
said, "but when it comes to courage and
endurance—just as many shaky masculine
hands as feminine are put out to me
for assistance across chasms and crevasses.
I recall a number of amusing
episodes all of which were due to temporarily
lost nerve, and they are about
equally distributed between the sexes.
Right now I have in mind a young man
who, as we mounted higher and ever
higher, took no pains to conceal the fact
that he was horribly afraid. Just before
starting on the difficult climb up Pinnacle
Peak, I let the party rest for a few minutes,
and a girl exclaimed that she would
give anything for some candy. 'T-t-try
m-m-me if you 1-1-like 1-1-lemon
d-d-drops,' chattered the scared young
man, with a sickly grin.
"Mountain climbing is much like anything
else," Miss W'agen continued.
"Often all that is needed to complete an
undertaking is a sufficient spur ; and it is
ludicrous, sometimes, how slight a spur
answers the purpose. One day we were
hardly more than a half hour's journey
from Paradise Inn when a woman member
of the party lost her nerve and quit
cold. She slumped down in the trail
declaring that not for all the Standard
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 549
Oil millions could she go another inch
and she added that of course she would
expect to have her guide fee and costume
Miss Alma Wagen with a Party of Tourists on
Marmot Rock, Overlooking Stevens Canyon. Miss
Wagen's Adopted Insignia Is Two Upright Feathers
rent given back to her. I explained that
this would be quite impossible whereupon
she scrambled to her feet, her mouth set
in grim lines. 'In that case, I shall go
to the very top,' she announced emphatically
; which she did without another
murmur.
"The incentive of a well-known college
athlete who happened to be a member of
one of my parties always causes me a
little thrill of satisfaction whenever I
recall it. We were about half way to the
top when this eastern athlete began to get
scared—well-nigh terror-stricken, in fact.
Positively, his hand shook so that I could
hardly grasp it to help him across the
dangerous places. But he was game.
He stuck it out to the summit, and when
we got back to the Inn, I learned why.
{Continued on page 632)

IJ I
|HL •
il I
"•"•'•"'I'lf i
i ill Hi n
• H • • i • i n
I • •• Ill II
mMMJL
London's Newest Skyscraper Towers One Hundred
and Sixty-two Feet Above the Street. Contrast This
with America's Woolworth Building, Which Is a
Mere Seven Hundred and Fifty Feet in Height
My! How the World Does Progress. The Thermos
Bottle, Hailed as a Modern Invention, Was Used by
the Tibetians Over Four Hundred Years Ago
Frank Logan, Leading the Procession, and Mrs. Logan, Not Shown, Have Run Out of Names for Their Children.
The One So Far Nameless Is the Fourteenth in Seventeen Years. They Range in Age from Sixteen
Years to Two Months
550

PAYDIRT FROM POOR SOIL
Converting a Disadvantage into an Advantage
By GEORGE H. DACY
F R O M agricultural insignificance to
farming prominence and prosperity
in the brief span of a half decade is
the remarkable soil-tilling record hung­
up by Frank Piska of northern Illinois,
who took opportunity by the forelock and
converted a soil-working disadvantage
into a wage-earning advantage to the
resultant well-being and success of himself
and family.
The most of us—some who live in
cities and others in small towns and relatively
close to the soil—have always had
a hankering to take a flyer at the farming
game, but have been impeded through
lack of adequate capital. The story about
far-sighted Frank Piska and his hardworking
family may be inspirational and
suggestive of the fact that no matter how
insurmountable the handicap, the gap can
be bridged if the right proportion of
brainpower and brawnpower and management
and industry are devoted to its
solution.
Frank Piska has paid for a fine 150acre
farm. He has improved and modernized
the buildings, purchased every
conceivable power implement and laborsaving
device, stocked his farm with good
quality live stock, and been an incentive
and source of inspiration to his entire
community because he has had sense
enough to capitalize a natural-soil-formation
condition of his land and convert an
agricultural black eye into a bank-account
bull's-eye.
Cozydal Dairy Farm Where Frank Piska Sells Gravel as a Side Line. Thereby Proving That Success Comes
Through Grasping Opportunities
Briefly, the farm wdiich Piska purchased
on time and credit contained a
gravel pit. Its new owner developed this
building material resource to its maximum
degree to the extent that, during
the short period of five years, he sold
enough gravel to pay for the farm and
its improvements besides. He has developed
the gravel business wdthout in
any degree neglecting the farm itself.
His crops are always among the earliest
and best of the neighborhood. He al-
Piska and His Son and the Mechanical Gravel Cleaning
Machine Operated by a Gas Engine
551

552 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
'*% '< A
He Has Turned a Farming Disadvantage into a Wage-
Earning Advantage
ways raises a big surplus of alfalfa hay
so that he can cash crop between $600
and $800 worth of the roughage. He
raises all the grain, hay and silage that
he feeds to his Holstein cows, except a
few hundred pounds of bran. He runs
a threshing outfit and a silo filling crew
and he always plans his work so well at
home that he is never so busy but that
he can help out his shorthanded neighbors
in time of need. Piska is the kind
of farmer wdio is going to be of infinite
importance in maintaining the superiority
and high standards of American agriculture.
Practically one-third of the buildings
in a town of six thousand, which is two
miles from the Piska farm, have been
made possible by the regular mining of
the Piska gravel pit. The gravel is of
such excellent quality that teams and
trucks haul the material anywhere from
two to ten miles. In some instances
farmers have organized "hauling bees"
and transported the gravel as far as fifteen
miles. Many farmers would merely
have dabbled with the gravel business as a
side line. Mr. Piska has made the most
of his opportunity and worked the project
to the limit. Last year, he sold more
than six thousand cubic yards of gravel
in addition to farming his land as well as
the best of them. His income from the
gravel pit ranges from eighteen hundred
to three thousand dollars a year.
Too many farmers mine and undermine
their land to its ultimate ruination
because they do not practice soil conservation
and proper systems of crop
rotation and live-stock maintenance.
Frank Piska mines his gravel pit and
farms his fields without depleting either
resource.
The pit covers an area of five acres and
consists of a bank of gravel thirty feet
deep. There is a layer of forty feet of
wash gravel underlying this overcoating
of building material wealth and, when the
surface reserve is exhausted, the owner
plans to install the essential machinery
for the reclamation of the lower strata.
During the height of the building season
he keeps as many as ten teams and three
large motor trucks busy hauling gravel
daily. Although it is not possible for
every farm or prospective farm to offer
a gravel pit as one of its dependable
sources of income, it is possible and practical
on almost every farm for the owner
to use his wits every hour of the day and
develop all latent possibilities of the place.
The farm may be located close to a
summer resort. This immediately suggests
the practicability of raising chickens,
vegetables, small bush and tree fruit
as well as producing milk and making
butter and cheese of superior quality for
consumption on the tables of the resort.
In a locality where live-stock raising is
the major activity, a fruit farm generally
finds profitable home market for all that
it can produce. Close to a city where the
medical fraternity will recommend the
use of goat's milk for persons suffering
from malnutrition and for the use of
This Farmer Makes a Good Profit from Selling
Dressed Turkeys. It Doesn't Cost Much to Raise
and Fatten the Birds
sickly infants, a milch goat dairy usually
wdll make good. A farmer who will
specialize in the production of high quality
alfalfa and clover hay will always
find a ready market for his cash crops,
{Continued on page 618)

The ROMANd
TFIE world is full
of monuments
erected to the
memory of notable
men and women, and
in commemoration of
notable events. Even
famous race-horses
and pet cats and dogs
have had their merits
extolled on granite
shafts. But the only
monument to a tree
of which there is any
record stands in a field in Madison
County, Iowa, and tells the romance of
the Apple Aromatic—the big red "Delicious,"
which was born in Iowa and is
now known and grown in every quarter
of the globe where the goddess Pomona
waves her wand and causes fruits to
flourish.
This unique monument was dedicated
on August 15 to the parent Delicious
tree, which is still standing and still bearing
apples abundantly after a life of fifty
years. Its offspring, in trees distributed
and planted, number more than seven and
a half million. According to the lowest
figure estimated by experts, fully a third
of the baby trees have survived and
grown to producing age. The same experts
estimate that the annual crop of
apples from these trees brings in the
markets, at the very lowest calculation,
twelve million dollars annually. Therefore,
the fifty-year-old tree, near which
has been placed the memorial—a granite
boulder suitably inscribed—may
call itself
the $12,000,000-a-year
apple tree.
The story of its discovery,
development, and
world-wide distribution
is nothing less than a
romance. It is essentially
an epic poem interspersed
with millions of
lyrics—a little joy-song
with each of the apples
eaten by the American,
European, Asiatic, African,
or Australian.
iQOO.000 APPLE
Australians and
New Zealanders eat
Delicious apples from
approximately two
hundred thousand
trees growing in their
orchards. In China
more than fifty thousand
Delicious trees
are producing, and in
Japan a similar number.
The Korean
peninsula has more
than ten thousand.
In Africa about fifty thousand trees have
been planted. Each of the European
countries has several thousand Delicious
producers. Canada has from three hundred
thousand to four hundred thousand
trees, Mexico and Brazil about' two hundred
and fifty thousand each, and Argentine
three hundred thousand. In other
South American countries it is estimated
that one hundred thousand Delicious
trees have been planted.
Wherever any apple will grow the Delicious
is growing, and in some countries
where no other apple tree flourishes this
one is said to be healthy and productive.
All these trees have been propagated in
Missouri and shipped out within a quarter
of a century.
The story of the Delicious apple tree
A Monument Has Been
Dedicated to the First of
the Delicious Apple Trees
553

554 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
is a pomological romance wdthout precedent.
It just happened, in the line of
human and vegetable events, and it is
something finer than fiction. The story
is part of the glory of Missouri and
Iowa.
Back in the 50's of the last century a
young Ouaker farmer left his home in
Indiana and settled in Madison County,
Iowa, near the little town of Peru. Jesse
Hiatt was his name. In the Hoosier
State he had grown up as an apple expert.
He loved the apple and apple tree
wdth the love of one who knew the secrets
of the science of growing the fruit. To
him an apple was an institution, and a
new apple was an event.
The new settler planted an orchard
shortly after he acquired his farm. He
made a specialty of apple trees. He
grew trees of the popular varieties of
that time, always seeking something
newer and better. One day in the spring
of 1872 he found that a Bellflower seedling
in his orchard had died, but from the
root had sprung a tiny shoot. A few
days later Hiatt passed that way again.
The little shoot was climbing upward
with surprising rapidity. It showed an
unusual ruggedness. He would watch
that sprout and see if it were worth while.
A few years later the Bellflower
orphan reached the producing point. A
few buds were observed in the spring.
By midsummer the buds had become tiny
apples. By early autumn the baby apples
had grown to big red ones, and from each
emanated a most delicious aroma. Hiatt
plucked one and ate it. The flavor, like
the aroma, was delicious. The apple tasted
like no other apple he had eaten. The shape
was different. On the bud were five distinct
knobules. Each apple on the tree had
this quintet of rounded knobs, well defined.
This precluded it being a Bellflower
apple, in his opinion. It must be
something else—a new apple, altogether.
Thus it came about that, in honor of
his adopted state, Hiatt gave his newapple
the name of the Hawkeye, Iowa's
nickname. For fifteen years after bearing
its first crop the new tree bore annually,
and increasingly, before its dis­
The Parent Delicious Tree Showing Where the Tree Surgeon Has Repaired the Trunk with
Cement. The Tree Is Still Bearing Abundantly After a Life of Fifty Years
coverer found a way of making it known
beyond his neighborhood.
Time and again did Hiatt, getting considerably
on in years, try to get horticulturists
interested in the "Hawkeye
apple tree. They didn't seem to care for
it; they were unable to share his enthusiasm
; they lacked one of the greatest and
finest things in all this world—the faculty
of vision. Jesse Hiatt had vision, but
he was no promoter.

He hoped to introduce his new apple
by selling to some nursery the right to
use scions from the tree for reproduction.
A scion, horticulturally, is a slip
or cutting from a twig or shoot of a tree,
for grafting or planting.
The Father of the Delicious
Race Has Been Awarded a
Distinctive and Individual
Honor by Being Placed in a
Little Spot All by Itself and
Surrounded by a Fence
Ever since 1816, there had been in
Pike County, Missouri, near the little
city of Louisiana, a nursery, whose manager
was on the watch for new varieties ;
but this was more than 200 miles from
the Hiatt orchard, and the old man's efforts
to market apparently did not reach
that far. In 1893, however, Hiatt
learned that every autumn there was held
in the city of Louisiana a fruit show conducted
by Clarence M. Stark, then president
of the Stark Nurseries, a grandson
of the founder. He wondered if Stark
would be interested in his Hawkeye
apple. He decided to send down a few
for the fruit show anyway, and accordingly
boxed four Hawkeye beauties and
shipped them to Louisiana.
They were placed on display, along
with apples of many varieties, from Missouri
and other states, and with samples
of various other fruits. Some of the displays
were much more noticeable, having
many more than a mere quartet of samples.
Jesse Hiatt's four attracted attention
for their bigness and their pinky hue
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 555
and their delicious aroma, though until
Mr. Stark happened along and spied
them they had no chance for special
recognition.
The beauty of the Hawkeye apples
caught Stark's attention at once. Their
aromatic fragrance caused him to pause
and pick up one of the apples. The man
who knew apples from A to Z and back
again bit into the Hawkeye.
"Delicious!" he cried, "Delicious!"
Then eagerly he took another bite, and
another, and several more, for the Hawkeye
was a big fellow. Finally he had
devoured the entire apple, there being no
core to speak of. Then he looked to see
who was making this exhibit, but unfortunately
the tag of the exhibitor had got
lost in the shuffle and there was no way
of telling where the apples had come
from. There was nothing to do but
wait, in the hope that the unknown exhibitor
would send samples the next year.
And he did. In 1894 Hiatt sent another
modest showing of Hawkeyes, securely
tagged. Stark carefully opened the exhibit
shipments himself that time, with
the express purpose of finding the mysterious
new apple about which he had
dreamed for a whole year—and he found
it. He recognized the apple by its aroma
{Continued on page 622)

THE HIGHEST DAM EVER BUILT
By H. D. BENTON
T H E highest dam yet built in the
world will be completed on the
Tuolumne river, in Central California,
just above the cities of Modesto
and Turlock, on the first of January. It
will be two hundred and eighty-three feet
from the bed of the stream to the sixteenfoot
paved roadway which crowns the
structure. This is seven feet higher than
the famous Roosevelt Dam, in Arizona,
hitherto the highest structure of the kind
attempted by hydraulic engineers, and
seventy-five feet higher than the large
Hetch-Hetchy Dam, farther up the
Tuolumne, which is being constructed by
the city of San Francisco for the collection
of water for municipal uses.
The new structure, known as the Don
Pedro Dam, from the fact that it occu­
pies the site of Don Pedro Bar, one of
the most notorious of the rip-roaringgold
camps of the fifties, is part of an
irrigation and hydroelectric power project
being established by the Modesto and
Turlock joint irrigation districts, cooperative
organizations of some fifteen thousand
agriculturists, in the great San
Joaquin Valley of California. One dam
and irrigation system, established by
these same districts some years ago, cost
$2,662,000, and enabled these farmers to
produce $43,000,000 worth of crops,
poultry and dairy products on these
lands, in 1920 alone. The new Don
Pedro Dam, which is to cost $4,108,000,
will, it is estimated, more than double the ;
value of the production of these farms,
give opportunity for the settlement of
fifty thousand families on newly irrigated
lands, and furnish twenty thousand
horsepower of electric energy for domestic,
agricultural and industrial uses.
It is said to be the largest cooperative ' '
irrigation and hydroelectric power project
in the world.
The Don Pedro Dam, in addition to
its great height, is one thousand feet
long and sixteen feet wide at top, one
General View of the Tuolumne River Gorge and the Don Pedro Dam Which. When Completed. Will Be the
Highest Structure of Its Kind in the World
556
hundred and seventy-seven feet thick at
the base, and contains two hundred and
seventy-five thousand cubic yards of concrete.
It is bedded on a wide granite
ledge of unknown depth, to reach which
it was necessary to excavate twenty-eight
thousand cubic yards of earth. The dam
is of the gravity type, arched in plan, and
construction is mass concrete and steel.
It impounds a lake fourteen and a half

miles in length, with a maximum width
of four and a half miles, and a maximum
depth of two hundred and eighty feet.
This lake will contain two hundred and
fifty thousand acre-feet of water, that is,
enough to cover two hundred and fifty
thousand acres one foot deep with water.
The spillway, which carries the excess
water on down stream to be again impounded
by the old LaGrange Dam, is
nine hundred and sixty feet long, one
hundred and thirty feet wide at the top
and seventy feet wide at the bottom, wdth
a capacity of one hundred thousand second
feet. At the foot of the dam stands
the concrete power house, with three
turbines, direct-connected to three generators,
producing twenty thousand
horsepower. There is also space for
three more turbo-generators of the same
size and type to provide for all future
needs of the inhabitants of the two districts.
This power is carried to substations
for distribution by a transmission
line thirty-six miles long, suspended on
latticed-steel towers, fifty-two feet in
height, bedded in concrete. The greatest
distance between towers in this line is
two thousand feet, and the conducting
cable is steel-cored aluminum. There are
two circuits, each capable of carrying the
entire production of the power house, so
that in case of breakdown of one line, the
other always will be available for instant
use.
It is expected that all this power will
be consumed by the residents in the two
irrigation districts, and the dozen or more
towns which dot their wide expanses. If.
however, there is an excess production
beyond the needs of the cooperative organization
which produces it, that overcurrent
will be sold. The engineers
estimate that the cost to the ultimate consumer
of this current will be less than
one-third the price charged by private
companies now supplying the towns and
some of the settlers in the districts.
The entire project is managed by a
joint board of ten men, all of them agriculturists,
chosen from residents in the
districts, who handle the irrigation systems—which,
by the way, have two hundred
and fifty miles of canals and fiftyseven
miles of drainage ditches—and the
electric power plant, as well as distribution
of the power generated there.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 557
283 Feet from Top to Bottom
This new Don Pedro Dam, built by
united effort on the part of residents in
the district, is truly representative in a
large way of the many small water-power
projects that have sprung up all over the
country. Many more will be inspired by
the success of this cooperative organization.
River That Blows Bubbles
\TEAR a town in the oil fields of Pennsylvania
there is a sluggish stream
to the surface to which rise hundreds of
bubbles, glistening like iridescent glass.
Some of these float on the water, others
soar away above the tree-tops like gorgeous
toy balloons. The explanation of
the phenomenon was discovered after
considerable search.
A gas line and an oil line pass under
the stream at this point; each pipe had a
small leak. The oil spread a film over the
water, which was inflated here and there
by the gas. The fact that the bubbles
were full of gas caused them to ascend
more swiftly, and the film of oil made
them unusually high-colored and tough.
The strength of the bubbles may be
imagined from the fact that small twigs
and leaves, floating on the surface of the
water, are frequently carried up in the
larger bubbles.

FISH THAT SWIM TO THE
MARKET PLACES
By WYMAN SMITH
EVERY year between Prairie du
Chien, Wisconsin, and Prescott,
Minnesota, on the upper Mississippi
river over one thousand tons of fish are
hauled up from the water alive, fed for
market, shipped in "live cars" and carried
home by buyers in New York, Philadelphia,
Boston, and Chicago, still squirm­
ing inside the paper wrappers. And on
the market, as everywhere, a "live fish is
better than a dead one."
Once upon a time the two actors in
this never-ending scene, carp and buffalo,
were despised, but now the local buyers
pay as high as nine cents a pound—a
fabulous sum compared to that of ten
years ago. All because somebody discovered
that, by drilling artesian wells
into the three hundred feet of sand which
lies along the Mississippi bottom, and
then downward another two hundred feet
into the rock, fish caught in August,
September, October or November could
be kept secure for the winter market. That
was after the same man discovered that
a January carp is nearly as good, if not
558
better eating than a pike, when properly
prepared. Thus with "live boxes," "live
ponds" and "live cars" the carp and
buffalo of fall catches are brought to
market still swimming, still frisky, still
as hungry for food as ten thousand
chickens.
At Genoa, Wisconsin, the industry has
The River from Which Over a Thousand Tons of Live Fish Swim to Market Every Year
become so well established that it no
longer excites comment, and artesian
wells have been drilled in such abundance
that a bubbler on every street corner, a
flowing pipe, or a full barrel of clear
water is commonplace. All about the
town people have tapped this underground
current of water with three-,
four- and six-inch pipes, and still the
flow continues unchecked. A local gossip
will insist that "water comes clear down
from Lake Superior." Very likely he is
right, for the rock floor of the Mississippi
River does slope southward. Out among
the islands of the river, and along near
the shore of the main channel, one
comes upon small ponds here and there,
five altogether, each fed by one or more

artesian wells where thousands of pounds
of fish are stored—not packed in ice, but
packed in clean water, fed with barley
and corn and, like chickens, "fattened for
market."
"But they don't fatten," says Frank
Gelette, owner of the largest ponds and
shipper every year of nearly two hundred
thousand pounds of fish. "They lose just
a little in weight, for a fish which weighs
one and a quarter pounds when put into
the pond and fed all he can eat, will only
weigh about a pound when he is shipped.
Yet while he doesn't increase in weight,
he does improve in flavor, his flesh hardens
in the well water of the pond and he's
altogether better eating. I've worked
with these fish for twenty-five years and
know a good many of their tricks.
"Why do the fish lose weight when put
in the ponds and under altogether better
conditions than they can find in the river ?
"Well, the conditions may look better
to you, but the fish don't think so. That
carp may be a dumb fellow, bite on every
hook and all that, but he knows that he is
shut up and can't escape. Somehow it
seems to worry him and he won't grow
as he would out in the freedom of the
river. Why, those carp are like pigs—
I've had them in what I thought to be a
tight pond, but one of them found a little
hole underneath the boards I'd driven in
all around, puddled and wiggled into it
with his nose and finally worked down
that three feet through the mud, out into
the river, and next thing I knew there
Frank Gelette. Below—
wasn't a single one of that ten-thousandpound
catch left in the pond.
"We feed the fish barley and corn. We
sprout the grain first and then throw it
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 559
The Pond with Its Stream of Fresh Water Being
Poured into the Middle to Provide More Oxygen for
the Fish
into the ponds—they never freeze over
in winter. When you stand in the pond
to throw down that feed those fish will
come up like so many chickens ready for
a meal, around your legs, flapping in the
water, jumping, digging in the mud. A
carp is always hungry, always puttering
in the bottom of the river or pond, always
keeping his nose and tail going at
the same time. Sometimes when I throw
in the feed, you can see thousands of tails
all sticking up above water at once. Mr.
Carp is down below stirring up the bottom
for food."
"You let the well water run into the
pond from a pipe set near the middle.
Why?" I asked Mr. Gelette.
"Well, a fish will swim toward the
flowing water, always upstream, and if
you let the water flow in from the bank
he'll try to jump up because he thinks
that's a way out. He'll jump until he's
completely tuckered out, and all the other
thousands of fish in the pond will be
fighting to get out also. Why, I have
two ponds, but I don't dare put a partition
between them, for all the fish that
are in the upper pond will fight to get
into the lower one and all in the lower
will fight to get in the upper one. They'll
either knock down anything I put up, or
bruise themselves to death fighting about
it. But run that stream into the middle and
Carp sees the bubbles, swims up to it like
lightning and jumps, only to land in the
same pond. He doesn't figure that out, and
accordingly he stays inside the pool—but
I've often wondered just what he'd say
if he could talk about that stream which

560 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
comes from the sky, but which he can't
climb.
"We have to be careful about bruising
the fish. Even when netting them and
taking in as we do sometimes over a hundred
thousand pounds at a catch we put
them into the "live crates" which hold
from three to five thousand pounds, pull
those home floating in the water, haul
them over to the pond with a windlass
and dump them out. They aren't out of
water more than a few minutes that way
and thus don't get bruised, for if they do
a fungous growth will set in and they'll
die."
"What size fish do you take?"
"The law says fifteen inches, but it
should be eighteen, for a fifteen-inch fish
Beautiful as It May Be. This Waterfall Means Suicide
for Many Fish. It's Too High to Jump, Yet They
Never Cease Trying
never gets a chance to spawn, while the
larger size will spawn once and thus help
maintain the supply in the river. Some
commercial fishermen take them so small
they have to shake them out of the basket.
"There are about thirty thousand
pounds of fish in a live car. The cars
have ten tanks, ten by three by four
feet, and are provided with means to
pump in air during transit. Fish need air
or they'll die, and we want them to reach
the market lively and frisky. We give
them no food on board the cars, but they
generally arrive in the pink of condition.
"Thirty to forty cars or over one million
pounds of fish are shipped from
Genoa every year. You see this is the
best fishing and spawning ground in the
country, this upper Mississippi river, and
OPENING. TO ADMIT FRESH WATER
Cross-Section of a "Live Crate." Water Pours
Through the Openings and the Crate Sinks to the
Bottom, Thus Insuring a Constant Supply of Fresh
Water Which Keeps the Fish from Bruising
we supply a bit of the food for the cities
And that's the region, the type of fisherman,
and the general route fish take
which swim to market from the Mississippi.
A Grave That Looks Like a
Bird House
P\OWN in a remote part of Borneo
stands a beautifully ornamented box
raised high in the air on a polished pole.
It looks like a bird house put out by some
kind person. Instead it is the strangest
grave in the world, made for chiefs of
Stapans, a little-known tribe in a remote
part of Borneo. The artists of the tribe
work for months preparing the grave.
The work is done after the chief has
died. So the dead man is put in the
ground first, his bones being put in the
bird-house-like grave a year or so later.
This is probably the first photograph of
this strange grave to reach this country,
as white men seldom visit this region.
The Grave That Looks Like a Bird House Took the
Artists of the Tribe Several Months to Carve by Hand

'N nesota.
Keeping Farms and Roads from
Burning Up
By EARL CHRISTMAS
ATURE certainly is wonderful,"
said a farmer in northern Min­
He had just come in from a field from
which a cloud of smoke was rising. In
his hands he held two or three big potatoes.
"Look! already baked," he said.
"Done to a turn, and piping hot."
The stranger looked at him in astonishment.
"How—what do you mean?" he asked.
"I had them planted on peat land,"
said the farmer. "The peat caught fire,
and it's baking 'em for me."
Yes, it has happened, though it may be
well to state that this method of baking
potatoes has its difficulties. The potatoes
generally burn up if you don't happen
around at the right time to take them
out. Indeed, it isn't the usual way of
baking potatoes in Minnesota, but the
illustration does afford an interesting
commentary on the peat country.
Occasionally fields burn up in the peat
country. A spark from an engine or a
lighted cigarette tossed carelessly aside
may cause a very considerable portion of
a farm to go up in smoke. Three or four
feet may burn off the surface, or even ten
feet.
Roads burn up, too. To the traveler
unacquainted with this, it is always a little
strange suddenly to find the road afire.
But, miraculous as all these things seem
to persons living in other parts of the
country, there is nothing strange about
it to those who have lived or traveled in
regions where there is peat. Keeping the
land from burning up is a job of prime
importance in these sections. Particu-
An Engine, Pump and Hose Nozzle
Have Been Designed Especially for
Fighting Peat Fires. The Outfit Is
Small, Weighing Only Seventy-five
Pounds, and Is Easily Carried to the
Scene of the Fire in an Automobile,
on a Motorcycle or on Sled Runners
in Back of a Horse. They Have
Even Been Carried by One Man
larly is this true in Minnesota, which has
more peat than any other state in the
union.
It may not be known generally, but
most of the great forest fires in Minnesota,
some of which caused a heavy loss
of life, started in the peat lands. For a
time this last summer, some two thousand
men were engaged in fighting several
hundred peat fires before they were
brought under control.
Peat, it may be explained, is partially
decomposed vegetable matter, accumulated
in the old lakes and marshes in ages
past. Minnesota has about eight million
acres of these peat lands, and there are
smaller areas in a number of other states.
When the bogs dry out or are drained,
the partly dehydrated peat burns readily.
When very dry, it is highly inflammable.
A forest ranger threw a lighted cigarette
stub on a dry peat grade in northern
Minnesota. The peat promptly be-
5t,l

562 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
gan to burn. The ranger continued his
experiment. He threw twenty lighted
cigarettes on the peat. Of the number,
nineteen started fires.
Roads in the peat lands have been set
afire even from the exhaust from an automobile
or tractor. More often, smokers,
settlers burning brush, or locomotives
are responsible. Many of the fires start
along highways, often the result of carelessness,
or lack of foresight.
Peat burns slowdy but, once ignited, it
can be put out only with the greatest difficulty.
There is a classical illustration
that is suggestive. A farmer discovers
was quite noticeable when trains passed.
Eventually the fire burned itself out.
Though they travel slowly ordinarily,
peat fires sometimes spread rapidly. If
the surface is quite dry, wind may carry
them a mile in a day. Aided by the wind,
the fire may jump ahead on the surface
and eat into the peat at different points.
Meadows and fields have been eaten out
in irregular strips and holes, making it
impossible to use machinery and leaving
the ground dangerous for live stock.
One of these holes may be a few feet in
diameter, or it may extend over forty
acres.
Fighting Peat Fires Is Strenuous Work. Here Forest Service Men Are Attacking the Sullen
Monster of the Bogs in the Midst of Dense Timber Growths
that a cigarette stub has started a fire in In many cases, burning off the peat
his field. Does he get excited and call surface renders the land valueless for
the fire department, as his city cousin farming purposes. Often the fire eats
does? Not on your life! He hitches his its way along under the surface. Peat
horses up to a wagon, digs the fire out, requires little air to burn because of its
so to speak, and loads it into his wagon. great oxygen content. Frequently caves
Then he hauls it off and dumps it into a of considerable size are burned out be­
lake, if there is one handy. This may be neath the surface. Some may be large
the easiest way of getting rid of a small enough for a man to walk into. Some­
fire, depending on the circumstances. times gas will collect in one of these
Throwing water upon the fire would have pockets beneath the surface and eventu­
little effect toward putting it out.
ally blow up, forcing a hole through to
Fires in the peat may smolder on for the surface and sending out smoke much
weeks and months. Some even burn for after the manner of a small volcano.
years, through rain and snow unceasingly A group of state officials were driving
until checked by man. Peat caught fire along a surfaced road in the peat coun­
near a mine at Crosby, Minnesota, one try when suddenly the car dropped
time. It burned on for six or eight through the surfacing. Fire had eaten
years. The railroad track was not far the peat out from beneath the surfacing.
away, and the heat of the burning peat Fortunately, this hole was only about two

feet deep. At another time,- a railroad
had great difficulty stopping a peat fire
that was slowly gnawing its way under
the embankment.
Peat fires play many strange pranks.
Peat lands often are covered wdth a
growth of tamarack or spruce. The surface
of peat burns off sometimes, leaving
the trees with weakened support, and
they promptly fall over or succumb with
the first wind.
A forest ranger came upon a fire in a
potato field recently. The fire was burning
in one end of the patch, and the
farmer was digging potatoes at high
speed at the other end. Haystacks and
crops of wheat, rye and flax have burned
up with the fields before the farmers
could save them. Hundreds of miles of
roads have burned out, leaving gaps and
holes. Saving the roads is one of the big
problems of the ranger in the peat country.
Peat lands produce great quantities of
spruce and some other timber. Fires in
the peat may cause disastrous forest fires
if they are not checked. All the great
conflagrations in Minnesota started this
way, according to W. T. Cox, state
forester, wdio declares there is no greater
fire menace than peat land drained unwdsely
in advance of any need for cultivation.
Four hundred persons lost their
lives in the Hinckley fire in 1894. In the
Moose Lake-Cloquet fire in 1918, the
A Crew Trenching a Peat Fire After It Had Reached
a Flax Field! The Field as Well as the Crop Was
Destroyed
death toll reached 432, to say nothing of
the tremendous property loss.
A peat fire unchecked becomes a silent,
sullen monster. It eats away into the
peat beds with almost resistless tenacity,
and as conditions become more favorable
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 563
Vanquished at Last. With the Fire Checked, the
Fighters Are Injecting Water into the Peat with the
"Snipe Bills"
springs up with increased ferocity. Only
smoke may be visible, but it keeps gnawing
away, and is checked only by unusual
efforts. Fighting peat fires isn't so spectacular
as fighting forest fires, but it's a
strenuous job — make no mistake about
that.
As a result, there has grown up a
unique fire department in the peat country.
So unusual was the task that special
methods and equipment had to be provided.
One of the most effective of these
methods requires a small gasoline engine
and pump. An engine of two to four
horsepower is used. Two men may carry
it and it will deliver a stream of water a
thousand feet or so.
A gas-pipe nozzle is placed at the end
of the hose. The fire fighter then forces
the nozzle down into the peat at intervals
in front of the advancing fire, giving the
peat injections of water. When the fire
reaches the wet peat, it stops. This ingenious
method was worked out by Mr.
Cox and his assistants. The rangers call
the nozzle the "snipe bill" from resemblance
of the method to the habits of that
bird.
Trenches also are dug in front of the
advancing fire. The portable engines are
used in wetting down the trenches.
Throwing the water onto the fire only
retards it and does not put it out. In
some cases peat lands have been flooded
to stop fires. Often it is not possible to
find water even for the small engines.
Frequently water tanks have been used
to haul water. Again, this has been impossible
at times.
{Continued on page 620)

It Looks Like a Real Substantial Lighthouse. However,
It*s Made of Cardboard and Is Used Principally
in the Movies
Grand Avenue, in
Dumpville. It's in
New York City. The
Rent Is Free and the
'' Squatters'' Who
Live Here Have
Made Their Homes
Out of Odds and
Ends Thrown on the
Dump Heap. They
Even Pick Unburned
Coal from the Ashes
Dumped Nearby
Whew! Listen to This. When Monsieur
Helie de Talleyrand-Perigord Arrived in
San Francisco, the Hotel Had a Purebred Guernsey
Cow Just to Furnish His Pekinese, "Tanky," with Milk
Disabled Veterans of the World War Marching into the College of the City of New York to Attend the
Opening Exercises of Their Vocational Training Courses
$64

New Parcel Post Terminal of Chicago
to Have
LARGEST PACKAGE-HANDLING
SYSTEM
By G. ANDERSON ORB
New Dump Truck Is Tilted with a Slight Pressure of the Foot. The Trucks Save Much Time
in Place of the Old System of Sacking and Emptying the Sacks
T H E new parcel post terminal in
Chicago, which is now in process
of construction, will have the
largest and most complete system for
handling packages of any building of its
kind in the world. It will be about
seventy-five feet wide, eight hundred feet
in length, and six stories in height, with
a floor area of near half a million square
feet.
Every feature of the building itself is
designed for a particular purpose, and it
represents the best that modern engineering
can accomplish. The most interesting
feature by far is the equipment for handling
mail which is being installed. There
is a system of belt-conveyors, which is
four miles in length and which requires
some eight miles of canvas-stitched belting,
this being the equivalent of forty-
five miles of duck belting. The conveyor
system is modeled after the Ouincy Street
station, which was the first of its kind in
the world, and was designed in practically
every detail by Patrick J. Madigan, a
man who has been long in the postal service
and who is thoroughly familiar wdth
its needs and requirements. Mr. Madigan
has also designed a non-damage
parcel dump truck for use in the handling
of package mail, of which more will be
said a little later.
In order that we may visualize the
marvelous efficiency of the new system,
let us take a look at the present method
of handling parcel post. In the first
place, nearly eighty per cent of this
class of mail matter originates in the
business houses where it is first sacked,
and loaded onto trucks and sent to the

566 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
Men Standing on the Platform Take the Packages as
They Are Dumped from the Trucks and Pitch Them
on Conveyors Marked with Various Destinations
mail station. These trucks line up at
the Quincy Street station. The sacks are
unloaded and placed upon small conveyors,
and pushed to the dumping platform
and emptied one at a time. It takes
nearly a half hour to load one of the
street trucks and another half hour to unload
it. Then there is the shaking and
pounding about of the sacks in the effort
to empty them, which of necessity causes
no small amount of damage to the contents
and costs mailers thousands of dollars
in refunds on the purchase price of
goods.
That was the old method! Now let us
look at the new method. In the first
place, all sacks are eliminated until the
mail has been sorted and made ready to
go to the train. And instead of sacks the
non-damage dump truck is used. This
small truck is mounted on casters ahd has
a tilting device which is released by a foot
pedal. The top swings toward the
operator, and the bottom opens and the
parcels slide gently out into the chute designed
to receive them. Six or eight of
these dump-trucks are loaded into the
motor truck at the business house, which
takes from three to five minutes (as opposed
to thirty-five minutes required to
handle sacks). Upon reaching the new
station six or eight of the dump-trucks are
quickly coupled together and hauled by
a little electric tractor to a trough in the
floor which is about forty-five inches
wide and fifty feet long, and below which
is a moving belt (4-ply and forty-two
inches wide). This belt is moving in the
opposite direction from that of the trains
of loaded dump-trucks, and as each truck
passes the operator he empties the load
upon the feed belt below without the
train ever stopping!
This method of handling means a saving
of more than an hour on every motor
truck load! If the haul is long, seven or
eight trips can be made daily, where
under the old method only four could be
made. Or if the trip is short, fourteen
or fifteen trips can be made as compared
with about seven at present.
Another vital saving is the lessened
dockage space required both at the business
house and at the post office. Only
about one-fourth as much dockage space
is required at either place, due to the speed
in loading and unloading, and with space
at a premium, this is not a small item.
It is estimated that each motor truck
needs to be at the dock only about seven
minutes from its arrival to its departure;
and other truck loads follow in continuous
procession if the quantity of mail warrants.
Nor is there any danger of congesting
or over-loading the feed belt, as
its speed is timed to clear each truck load
for the next one. A bumper at the side
of the trough serves as a guide to keep
the train from running into the opening.
Twin units of this type are arranged for,
thus doubling the capacity necessary.
These handle precancelled matter only.
Uncancelled packages are sent in the
trucks to the mezzanine floor where they
are cancelled and sent back to the feed
belt on the first floor. However, there is
very little of this class of mail, but there
is an interesting feature in connection
with the work done on the mezzanine
floor. The reverse strand, or the return,
of the belt wdiich handles uncancelled
matter is used for small packages which
are sent to a distributing section for hand
separation to the mail pouches. There is
another twenty-four-inch belt on this
floor which takes care of first-class mail.
sending it to another section, which in
turn delivers it to the main post office.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 567
At the End of the Various Belt Conveyors Are These Men Who Make the Final Separation of the Packages
by Throwing Them into the Bags Which Are Taken to the Trains Headed for the Desired Towns
The feed belts on the first floor deliver
the mail to the third floor by means of
incline belts. Both of these belts deposit
their packages on the forty-eight-inch
feed belts of Primary Separation Units
Nos. 1 and 2. The belt system on this
floor is one hundred and twenty feet long.
On the fourth floor is another Primary
Separation system, also composed of
twin units, which are sixty feet long.
All mail from both the third and fourth
floors is delivered to spiral chutes to the
floor below, wdiere it is sacked and
dropped through floor openings to the
ceiling belts. These belts carry it to the
chutes and drop it to the train level.
On the fifth floor is found the Railway
Mail Service, handling trade journals,
magazines, and catalogues, as well as the
incoming parcel post that has to be rerouted.
The sixth floor is given over principally
to the "Nixie" section, machine shop,
cafeteria, rest rooms, first aid section,
offices and the like. Provision has been
made for converting the roof into a landing
place for airplanes, thus providing for
this class of mail being received directly.
While the cost of the new system will
approximate half a million dollars, yet a
conservative estimate of the saving to the
postal service and mailers in dockage,
labor, motor and hand trucks, in damage
to packages, will run close to a million
dollars per annum ; to say nothing of the
relief from congestion and increased efficiency.
This last alone will approximate
six hundred per cent gain over the old
methods.
The Quincy Street station, during the
holiday rush, handled some four hundred
and twenty-two tons of parcels in one day
—averaging forty tons per hour; and had
the quantity of mail kept coming five
hundred tons could have been handled
without working overtime or increase of
help. But where the Ouincy Street
station can handle the equivalent of two
thousand sacks per hour, the new terminal
is equipped to handle as high as ten
thousand sacks in the same time.
Several of the foreign countries have
sent their experts here to investigate the
new terminal and to examine the Quincy
Street station with a view to adapting the
plan to meet their own problems.

A Large Flock of Sheep on a Wyoming Ranch Waiting to Start the Long Trip to the Chicago
Market. The Journey Is Broken by the Sheep Hotels
A HOTEL FOR HUNGRY SHEEP
Electric Lights, Running Water, Self Feeders and Spacious Rooms
Furnished the Muttonmakers En Route to Market
T H E most curious hotel in all creation—a
hostelry which caters to
wants and needs of western sheep
from far-away Washington, Oregon,
Montana, Wyoming and Idaho ranches
while en route to the Chicago live-stock
market—is now the chief attraction at
Ridgefield, Illinois, where hundreds of
thousands of tired and hungry animals
are rested, fed and restored to market
bloom after their long railroad journey
from the western ranges. Usually it
takes two to three months for the market
sheep to make the trip from the state of
Washington to Chicago. The journey is
made by easy stages and is representative
of the modern version of the ancient
Spanish sheep drives which are historical
and famous incidents in worldwide animal
husbandry lore.
Spain, the home of several leadingbreeds
of sheep, instituted a peculiar
method of sheep management centuries
back. The custom was to maintain the
sheep in the lowlands near the village
during the cold winter season and to
drive them by easy stages to high mountain
ranges where the grass was most
568
By D. H. G E O R G E
luxuriant and nutritious during the summer
season. Under the direction of ex-
Running Water Is Piped from the Tank at the Right
to All Feeding Barns. Pastures and Loading Yards.
The Electric Spotlight Illuminates the Driveway

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 569
The Sheep in the Loading Pens at the Sheep Hotel. There Is a Chain of a Half-Dozen of
These Hotels Between Chicago and the WestGrn Ranches
perienced shepherds, the Spanish sheep
accumulated adequacies of flesh and wool
during the grazing period. When the
grass became short in the fall the sheep
were gradually driven back to the lowlands.
So skillful and deliberate were
the Spanish flockmasters that they would
drive their sheep several hundred miles
during the cool of early autumn without
the animals suffering any appreciable
losses in weight.
Our western stockmen who initiallyshipped
directly from the Wyoming,
Idaho and Montana ranges to the Chicago
market suffered heavy losses in the
way of shrinkage among the animals during
the market journey. That is why
they adopted the "less haste, less waste"
system of marketing the sheep by shipping
them short distances at a time and
maintaining them at "sheep hotels" for
recuperation for several weeks after each
stage of the railroad journey. As matters
now stand, it takes from two to three
months for the sheep from the far western
ranches to reach Chicago, as they
make stops at five or six sheep hotels
during their novel trip.
Just to show that the sheep hotels
are of fundamental importance in conserving
our lamb and mutton supply, a
few little mathematical statements will
not be disakin to this article. On the
average, a fat lamb weighing ninety-five
pounds may drift anywhere from three
to six pounds or more, dependent on
weather conditions and the manner in
wdiich the animal has been fed, during a
market trip of a hundred miles. On the
basis that market sheep drift five pounds
apiece during their journey to the stockyards,
the loss from one hundred thousand
animals is sufficient to provide an
army of a million soldiers wdth a meat
ration for one day. Unless the stockmen
are careful to prevent such shrinkage,
their meager profits from the feeding
and grazing operations may be
absorbed by these losses in weight
during the railroad trip.
A sheep hotel comprises stopover feeding
and grazing grounds where the sheep
are allowed to recover from the effects of
their trip to market. The chain of sheep
hotels which extends from Chicago to
Portland, Oregon, is so distributed that
the animals travel via double-decked stock
cars for a day or so and then stop at one
of the sheep hotels for from one to three
weeks before resuming their journey. As
a result of this curious method of moving
and resting the sheep, it is possible—and
not uncommon—to deliver them at Chicago
weighing more than they did when
they were loaded at the western ranch
for the first leg of their journey.
The sheep hotel at Ridgefield is only
forty-six miles from Chicago. Generally
the sheep are held there from two to
three weeks or longer, as it is the last

570 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
stopover point before their arrival on the
market. The hotel rooms consist of
three enormous sheds, each of which is
four hundred and fifty feet long and one
hundred feet wdde, accommodating between
eight thousand and ten thousand
sheep apiece. The hotel rooms are
equipped with electric lights and running
water, while the driveways are illuminated
by electric searchlights which permit of
This Battery of Three Silos Holds One Thousand
Tons of Wheat Tailings, Screenings and Corn. Electric
Power Fills the Silos and Feeds Out the Silage
as Desired
unloading and loading the sheep during
the cool of night. A chain of three large
concrete stave silos with a combined capacity
amounting to a thousand tons
provides storage places for wdieat tailings,
screenings and corn—the rations that are
fed to the muttonmakers during the
winter marketing season.
Suction blowers operated by a huge
electric motor are used to unload the
feeding materials from the cars and to
elevate them into the silos. The feed is
deposited by gravity through special
chutes into tank wagons which haul it to
the sheep barns at feeding time. Special
electrical agitators are also provided as
supplements to the elevator machinery
and are used to abstract all the grain
from the lowest levels of the silos. The
huge sheep barns are equipped wdth hun­
dreds of self-feeding devices. There are
boxlike bins connected wdth feeding
troughs so arranged that the grain flows
by gravity from the top into the troughs
as the sheep eat. These automatic hired
men see to it that there is constantly
plenty of feed available for the sheep.
Usually it costs from seven to ten cents
a day to maintain a hundred-pound sheep
at the sheep hotel during the winter feeding
season, while the summer rate is five
cents a day. During the summer season
the animals run on clover, alfalfa and
bluegrass pasture and are not fed any
grain.
The sheep hotels even boast of official
registers. Each lot of sheep is duly
signed up, recorded and kept track of
during their sojourn at each feeding station.
The Ridgefield sheep feeding yards
have eighteen hundred acres of nearby
and outlying pastures and paddocks. The
choicest clover and alfalfa pastures open
directly into the loading yards and pens,
while the adjoining grazing areas do not
have quite as good grazing. The most
distant, outlying lots are the poorest so
far as sheep fattening properties are concerned.
Hence as the sheep are unloaded
at night on arrival at the sheep hotel, thev
first are driven to the most distant fields
where gradually they get accustomed to
the grass. Then day by day they are
changed from one pasture to another,
each a little richer in nutritive properties
than its predecessor.
Finally, before the animals are again
consigned to the palace stock cars to resume
their market trip, they spend a few
days on the richest and choicest grasslands,
where they get their fill of fattening
grass. The sheep are always loaded
about nine o'clock at night and shipped
so that they reach Chicago about three
o'clock the following morning—in time
to eat their fill of grain and hay and
refresh themselves after their short railroad
trip.
Sometimes as great a number as thirty
thousand sheep arrive on the market
from the sheep hotel at a time, although,
as a rule, the plan is to distribute the
marketing activities over a long period
to prevent any flooding or glutting of the
market wdth the consequent scuttling of
normal prices.

City Street Slides Downhill
P E O P L E living in cities like Seattle,
Washington; Cincinnati, Ohio;
Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and other
places where streets are built on com­
paratively steep hillsides are so accustomed
to the rugged topography of those
localities that they never think of what
might happen if the ground should suddenly
start to slide downhill.
On McMicken Avenue, Cincinnati,
which is built along a hillside where the
ground slopes at an angle of about 43
degrees away from the street, houses
stood solidly on their foundations for
half a century or more. But this summer
conditions have changed. Last
spring the contractor who is building the
rapid-transit subway began excavating
at the foot of the hill, thus removing
some of the earth which had been supporting
the hillside. Soon afterward the
ground above began sliding downward
carrying everything with it. Cracks began
to appear in the buildings along
McMicken Avenue. The foundations began
to settle and pull apart. The structures
became distorted. Fissures widened
more and more until finally one
building collapsed, then another, and
another. The entire street began to
move slowly downhill, taking telephone
and telegraph poles, street car tracks,
sewers, water pipes and gas pipes, and
so forth, along with it, so that now the
place looks like some of the devastated
By IVAN E. H O U K
villages of France at the close of the
World War.
Fortunately, the downward movement
was gradual so that no lives were lost.
Gravity Will Always Assert Itself. McMicken Avenue Has Been Sliding Downhill All Summer, Therebj
Destroying Homes and Buildings
The building commissioner ordered the
houses vacated as soon as the first danger
signs appeared. At the present time the
sliding seems to have stopped, and the
contractor is completing the subway
walls so as to prevent further trouble.
Even Brick Walls Can't Stand if the "Standing Room"
Goes Downhill
57/

All Summer Your Friends Have Been Vacationing
and You've Had to Listen to Some Wonderful Fish
Stories. Here's One That's True. C. T. Link Caught
This 167-Pound Tarpon with a Light Pole Off the
Coast Fort Lauderdale, Florida
572
the Soviet Government Took Over Russia.
Look What They Got. Sixty Billion Dollars' Worth
of Jewelry
So That the Circulation in a Lumber
Drying Kiln Will Be Kept the Same in All
Parts of the Kiln, the Forest Products
Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, Has Devised
This Apparatus. The Fumes of
Hydrochloric Acid Are Blown Across
Ammonia, Causing a Harmless Visible
Fume Which Detects Sluggish or Too
Rapid Air Currents
Hibbing, Minnesota, Is to Have About the
Best High School of Any Town Its Size
in the Country. The Photo Shows the
Beauty and Size of the New Structure

THE ADVERTISING BUSINESS-
WHAT IT OFFERS YOU
By WILLIAM FLEMING FRENCH
Get on the ladder to success, but be sure you get on the right one!
"The Fortunate Fezv," in the August issue; "How They Got Their Education,''
in September, and "Paving the Way to Your Success," in October,
all written by Mr. French, show how necessary it is to choose the profession
for which you are best suited if you are to attain success in the business world.
Nozv he goes farther. He tells what each profession which the young man
may look forward to entering holds in the way of rewards.
He points out here the qualifications and the work necessary for success
in the field of Advertising. Other articles about other fields of endeavor will
be in succeeding issues.
H O W to find the right profession,
business or trade — that is your
problem today. Your interests
dictate that you find the work for which
you are best fitted and then train for that
with the least possible expenditure of
money or time. You are not particularly
interested in learning what the opportunities
are for "some people" in any
given line of work, but what the opportunities
are for you personally.
It is not easy to choose the right profession.
You already know this if you
have given the matter intelligent thought.
But, easy or hard, you must do just that
before you can hope to make any real
progress—before you can expect any degree
of success.
We are not going to generalize. We
are going to get right down to cases and
determine just what the first profession
on the books has to offer you. And here
is an interesting fact for you to paste in
your hat at the very start: What any
vocation offers you depends entirely upon
what you can offer it.
For those who are fitted to follow the
profession of Advertising the rewards
range from the comfortable to the
princely—according to the range of individual
ability. The bottom salary in
this profession is about forty dollars a
week. The top salary, as nearly as we
have been able to learn, one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars a year. A "good
average" is from one hundred dollars to
two hundred dollars a week.
The work itself is most fascinating and
affords unlimited opportunities for those
engaged in it to become associated with
the "doers" of the country. For those
who are equipped to enter it, Advertising
undoubtedly is an ideal vocation. However,
a recitation of its rewards might
better wait until you have determined
whether or not they are for you. No use
raving about the quality or beauty of a
coat that will not fit you.
The type of structure we can build
depends upon the materials we possess.
There is no use planning a steel span
bridge if we have only logs with which
to build it, nor is there wdsdom in the
choice of a floating bridge if our material
be bricks and mortar.
In this instance you are the material
and your life's work is the structure you
wish to rear. What you can build depends
upon what you have to build with.
You would not attempt to build a bridge
of silk nor a balloon of bricks—and if
you are wise you will not attempt to turn
the natural abilities of the mechanic into
the practice of law or attempt to hold the
initiative, imaginative mind to a set of
account books.
As we outline the opportunities, rewards
and requirements—especially the
requirements—of the different trades and
professions, you will do well to analyze
your natural abilities and inclinations and
determine to wdiich line of work described
they are most naturally fitted.
For your own sake, for your chance for
success and happiness, do not consider
only the rewards of a profession or trade.
Consider carefully its requirements. You
will have to meet its requirements before
you can collect its rewards.
There is the right job for every man
573

574 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
and every woman—the work in which
they will be happy and successful. Better
far to spend a little extra time finding
that work than to spend a lifetime as a
misfit. In the choice of your life's work
be sure to follow the rule of Abraham
Lincoln: "Be sure you're right — then
go ahead."
Advertising is collective or impersonal
Salesmanship. Salesmanship deals wdth
personal persuasion, individual persuasion.
Advertising deals with impersonal
persuasion, collective persuasion. Salesmanship
and Advertising are closely related
; in fact, Advertising may be called
written Salesmanship.
So close do these two professions draw
together that there are times wdien one
cannot be told from the other. Window
displays, for example. Do they represent
Salesmanship or Advertising?
And then there is the sales letter.
Written on the typewriter it is a sales
letter. The identical letter, printed, is
advertising. Advertising is collective
appeal. It is a method developed by
modern industry by which selling arguments
may be directed to millions of buyers
at one time.
One of America's foremost advertising
experts differentiates between Salesmanship
and Advertising wdth this colorful
explanation, "Salesmanship blossoms—
Advertising concentrates," which is to
say that as, a general thing, Salesmanship
permits of elaboration—of the persuasion
of personality — whereas, at so
much an inch, Advertising can afford no
such luxuries. Concentration, conciseness,
terse pictures and expressions—
these are the requirements of Advertising-
The profession of Advertising is possessed
of numberless ramifications, and
to the average young man or woman its
inner workings are a complete mystery.
For that reason there are thousands who
enter it without the least idea of what it
really offers and exacts, and many stay
out who are especially fitted to enter because
they do not understand its peculiarities—the
very peculiarities they are
naturally fitted to meet.
* The advertising man is not as common
to us as the salesman. We see his
work, but we do not see him. We hear
that he is paid a tremendous salary for
preparing wonderful "copy" and that
such and such a company spends a million
dollars a year advertising. But of
Advertising itself we know little.
There are two general classes of Advertising
: Publicity and Mail Order.
Advertising that merely tends to make
popular or explain a product is called
publicity advertising. Advertising which
makes a direct appeal that you purchase
the article advertised right away, and includes
the price and a coupon for mailing
that price to the advertiser is mail-order
advertising.
Still other divisions of advertising are
reader publicity, educational, display,
outdoor and circular. The media used
may be the newspapers, magazines, billboards,
electric signs, placards, circulars,
handbills, booklets, novelties, motion pictures,
phonograph or even radio.
And now as to the work itself—the
jobs to be had in the profession of Advertising.
When we think of the advertising
man we picture the individual who
prepares and writes advertisement. To
most of us, he is the "advertising man."
But advertising is not such a simple
proposition and the man who trains himself
for advertising under such an illusion
is shouldering a serious handicap.
Why ? For two reasons: First, because
he is entering a profession about which
he knows practically nothing and so is
unable to analyze its requirements; and
second, because the man who writes the
copy is by no means the most important
cog in the machinery of modern Advertising.
In fact, he is merely a "copy
writer" and does not draw top salary except
in rare instances. Of course, if one
becomes exceptionally expert at writing
copy the demand for his work wdll bring
him fabulous prices: but on the whole,
his is not the remunerative end of Advertising.
As we have already pointed out, the
advertising business fairly radiates ramifications,
and to understand these we
must analyze the profession carefully.
To do this the first step is to divide it
into three general divisions: The advertiser,
the advertising media and the advertising
agency.
The advertiser, or the one doing the
advertising, usually is a company or a
corporation. It has an advertising man-

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 575
ager, whose business it is to see that its lars' worth of almost any. type of mer­
product is advertised to the best advantage,
within the limits of its appropriation,
or amount to be spent on advertising.
In many respects the advertising
manager is really a "buyer." Rarely does
he write or prepare the copy.
The advertising media includes the
press, the magazines, the lessors of display
space, such as billboards, railway
piatforms and the like. It includes engravers,
printers and the makers of advertising
novelties. The media employs
two classes of advertising men: those
who solicit the advertising business and
those who prepare the copy for presentation
to the public.
The advertising agency actually takes
over the work that would ordinarily fall
to a department within the advertiser's
own business. It is the advertising department
of its clients—especially where
ideas and copy are concerned. It develops
ideas, plans campaigns, writes copy
and arranges for its display—whether it
is to reach the public through the press,
magazines, on billboards or via handbills
and novelties. The advertising agency
acts as adviser to the advertiser and his
advertising manager. It also determines
in conjunction with the advertiser what
media shall be used and how the copy
shall appear.
The modern advertising agency has
grown to enormous proportions. The
greatest agencies in this country employ
hundreds of experts and have many
branch offices. They possess innumerable
connections through which they can
feel the pulse of the advertising reading
public. They maintain extensive research
departments and specialize in
analyzing the sales points of the various
articles their clients may advertise for
sale. They keep up-to-the-minute records
on the "response" of the readers of
every type of advertising media — they
know exactly what kind of magazine or
newspaper or display advertisement is
best suited for any kind of merchandise.
They know, due to the exact records they
keep, how much it costs to "buy" a sale
for any given article through almost any
given medium of advertising. In other
words, they know how much it will cost
to run enough advertising in almost any
magazine in order to sell a thousand dol­
chandise.
That is some of the "service" the advertising
agency renders. Few, very
few, individual advertisers can possibly
afford to attempt to compile such records
for themselves. And for the service it
renders the standard remuneration to the
advertising agency is 15 per cent of all
money spent by it for an advertiser. This
15 per cent, by the way, is not paid by
the advertiser, but by the media used
by the advertising agency.
The advertising agency employs five
different types of advertising men: solicitors
or advertising salesmen ; contact
men, or those wdio deal directly wdth the
advertiser and plan his campaigns with
him ; layout men, those who oversee and
plan the copy itself and who lay out the
copy that is prepared. They are also
called production men. The space buyers,
or those who buy the space in the
various media, and the copy writers, or
those who actually write the copy. A
sixth division might be made in classifying
the executives—though these executives
are usually the senior contact men.
The largest agencies also employ research
men, whose duty it is to conduct
the investigations around which the
agency's records are built. In the
smaller agencies this investigating is
clone by the copy writers, production men
and sometimes by the contact men themselves.
Thus we see that in the big agency
each line of work calls for the services
of a specialist, and usually when a man
enters one branch of the business he is
there to stay—unless he makes himself
too big for the job. One thing is certain
—a beginner will have little chance if he
is not specially trained to follow one of
the branches of this work. A jack-of-alltrades
is not wanted by the average upto-date
agency.
Ordinarily the advertising solicitor remains
the advertising solicitor and the
copy writer remains the copy writer,
specializing more and more as his company
increases in size and he learns the
type of work at which he is best. Whatever
branch of Advertising he may be in
his salary naturally increases wdth his
efficiency—and, no matter how large his
{Continued on page 630)

A Mechanical Mathematician
T A K I N G the errors and trouble out
of range finding and locating enemy
ships many miles off the coast defenses
is the purpose of a new mechanical
marvel which has recently been invented
for the exclusive use of the U. S.
Navy. The electrical range finder is
even more ingenious than the modern
adding niachine, as it can subtract, divide
and multiply in addition to adding. With
this device it is an easy matter to shell
and destroy a ship that is anywhere from
The Machine
Which Adds, Subtracts,
Multiplies
and Divides So
That Guns Can
Be Aimed Right
ten to thirty miles or farther off the coast
where the device is used. It is operated
in conjunction with powerful telescopes
which locate the ship far out at sea. As
soon as the telescopes located at fixed
observation stations in the vicinity of the
harbor defense find the ship, they transmit
the information electrically to the
target and battery computers, the apparatus
which does the actual calculating.
These two instruments promise to
revolutionize the art of coast defense,
according to the opinions of ordnance
and naval authorities. They represent
outstanding progress and development
since the days of the Civil War when the
naval artillery did well to discharge can-
576
non balls that weighed about twenty
pounds apiece at the enemy ships which
were within easy rifle range of the attacking
guns. Today, such automatic
devices as the target and battery computers
are used to locate the exact position
of ships many miles away. Projectiles
that are higher than the average
man are fired from enormous guns that
range from seventy to eighty feet in
length. The operations are carried out
with such nicety of mathematical computation
that the shell will crash into the
distant ship just as it reaches a certain
point which was worked out by the mechanical
mathematician that has just been
invented.
F"or several years, expert designers
have been working to perfect the new
battery and target computers. The newinstruments,
the fruits of their work, not
only predict the advance location of the
moving enemy, but also make allowance
for the temperature of the powder, atmospheric
pressure, the kind of shells
used, the direction and velocity of the
wind, and the drift of the shell due to
the individual rifling of the big gun that
fired the projectile. They are uncanny
in their accuracy and mechanical powers
of foretelling where the enemy ships will
be at any particular moment.
The devices will shortly be added to
the permanent coast defense equipment
of the Panama Canal.

THE WHITE GOLD PIRATE
By MERLIN MOORE TAYLOR
Read This Firsl
The war caused a great scarcity of platinum. The many industries which used
the "white gold" were handicapped. As a result clever thieves began raiding
laboratories and plants for their platinum, even going so far as to loot the Bureau
of Standards at Washington. The Department of Justice took a hand then and
spread all over the United States, in every place where platinum wa9 used, a
trap for the ringleader of the thieves, a man nicknamed "the pirate." First clue
to the pirate came when he offered, over the telephone, to dispose of a great
quantity of platinum to Robert Goodwin, scientist and inventor. Goodwin pretends
eagerness to buy the metal and asks that a sample be sent him for analysis.
Meanwhile he notifies Barry, of the Department of justice, and wagers him that,
through scientific knowledge alone, he will trap the pirate before the detective
can do so. Analysis of the sample convinces him the platinum was stolen from
the government plant at Jackson. The pirate telephones again to close the deal.
"He's talking from a private booth in the Somerville hotel," says the telephone
operator and Barry's men dash out to try to catch him. The pirate evades them.
Goodwin, however, photographs the man's fingerprints from the box in which the
sample came, locates his hotel room by the fact that the handwriting on the
register and on the sample box were identical, cleverly deduces his age and
description from hairs found in the room, and makes a record of the pirate's
peculiar voice by hooking up the laboratory telephone to a talking machine recorder.
Goodwin and Barry go to the Jackson plant and Captain Thompson, the custodian,
agrees to let them use the X-ray machine to examine the interior of the vault to
determine whether the five hundred cans of platinum are intact behind the great door
sealed up when the plant was closed. In addition, the combination is protected by
a heavy current of electricity, but Goodwin points out that by using rubber gloves
the thief could have manipulated the dial without injury to himself.
Now Go On with the Story
T
Chapter VII
[T looks as if you were
right and I wrong,"
admitted Goodwdn to
Barry. Through a fluoroscope
they had examined
the interior of the vault,
as revealed by the X-ray.
Certainly the faint, but
none the less recognizable,
outlines of the cans containing
the platinum were
there, an orderly pile of
them.
The scientist appeared
more puzzled than crestfallen.
Could he have
been mistaken in thinking
the stolen "white gold" Goodwin Declined
had come from the Jack­
Work
son plant ? It did not seem
possible. Analysis of the sample sent
him by the pirate had pointed so conclusively
to the source of his loot. Still
the cans were in the vault. The X-ray
proved that.
Abruptly he got up and, leaving the
others, strode back into the vault room
and looked around him. He could not
have told what he was seeking. He
looked carefully at the wax seals over the
cracks of the door. So far as he could
tell they had not been touched since some
to Gt
to Do
He Had
government official had
affixed them. Yet there
was no other way in
which the vault could
have been entered. The
concrete walls were intact
; the floor, examined
from the basement below.
presented a smooth, uncracked
surface.
The three of them had
been looking for signs
that the thief, or thieves.
had burrowed into the
vault from the outside.
That had been when the
scientist had almost hypnotized
the other two into
sharing his belief that the
vault had been robbed, so
very confident had he been.
"I must be wrong," he muttered. "Yet
—how could I be?"
He resumed his restless wandering
about the room. Then he decided he
would sit down and concentrate upon the
thing. At one side stood a small box,
labeled by the manufacturer "aluminum
containers." He would move that boxaround
in front of the vault door and sit
upon it and see if, by sheer will power,
he could figure it out.
177

578 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
But the box, when he laid hands upon
it, did not budge easily. Goodwdn
frowned, exerted a little more strength,
found it still immovable. His mind, still
wrestling with the problem of wdiere he
had been deceived, abruptly centered
upon the box. If, as its label indicated,
it contained aluminum containers, its
weight should be inconsiderable. Yet it
was heavy, decidedly so. He bent over
to look at its nailed-on lid. Apparently
the lid had at some time been pulled off
and nailed on again. Empty nail holes
gaped a half inch from the heads of the
nails.
Why he did it Goodwin himself probably
could not have told, but he picked
up a hammer lying conveniently near, and
ripped off the board cover. The box,
indeed, contained aluminum cans, but
when he picked up one it was heavy. He
pried off the lid.
The next minute he had dashed into
the experimental room.
"Come here," he cried. "I was right
after all. The vault has been robbed.
The platinum is outside, at least four
cans of it are, in a box labeled 'empty
containers.' "
Captain Thompson was immediately in
a state of great agitation and excitement.
As custodian of the plant he could foresee
trouble ahead for him when the time
came for explanations and an accounting.
He was determined to open every box
in the place to see how much platinum
there was.
Harry restrained him. "The capture
of the thief is the first thing," he said,
laying a hand upon the officer's arm. "I
can sympathize with you, can understand
your wanting to know the worst at once,
old man, but to disturb these boxes is to
warn the man we are after. We must
leave them as they are for the present."
Reluctantly the captain yielded. He
was nervous as they returned to the experimental
room. He had just closed the
door to the vault room and snapped its
triple locks when a voice broke in on
them.
"Jim!" it cried, "Jim!"
Yet not a person was to be seen. Except
for themselves the room was empty.
"Jim, Jim!" the voice kept on calling,
apparently from the far side of the room.
"Are you there, Jim?"
Goodwin grasped Barry by the shoulder.
"That voice," he whispered, tense
with excitement, "don't you recognize it
from the record I made, Barry? If is
Porter. The platinum pirate. I would
know it in a million."
The government man laughed, shook
off the hand and strode in the direction
from which the voice was coming.
"Porter, yes," he said, shortly. "But
Porter, a mile away, fifty miles away, a
hundred for all we know. He is talking
by radio, to an accomplice, no doubt.
While you were in the vault alone,
Thompson here was showing me his
radio receiving set. You interrupted us
with your discovery of the platinum. Ah,
he is gone," as the voice suddenly ceased
its imperative calls for Jim, whoever he
might be.
Goodwin leaped to the instrument,
shouldering Barry aside. His hand
seized the tuning knob, whirled it gently,
manipulating it to first one wave length,
then another. The loud speaking device
brought to their ears the whine of the
static in the air, a bit of news bulletins
being broadcasted from some distant city,
market quotations, two amateurs jamming
the air with mere piffle.
"There's a chance, a bare chance,"
murmured Goodwin, tuning off from the
lower wave lengths upon which the amateurs
and broadcasting stations work.
And at six hundred meters he caught
the voice again, calling "Jim, Jim," then
it was gone. He tuned in and tuned out
at various wave lengths, catching the
voice, losing it, catching it again.
"I'm on to him," he said. "He's running
up and down, trying one length,
then another, trying to locate Jim."
Finally the scientist caught up with him
again at six hundred and fifty meters.
"Jim! Where are you, Jim?" he had
said and instantly a second voice broke
in: "All right. Here I am. If you
would stick on one wave length long
enough for me to get tuned in properly
there wouldn't be any call for you to get
excited."
Apparently Jim, whoever and wherever
he was, was peeved. The high,
nasal tones of the platinum pirate interrupted
him. "I've been trying to get in
touch with you for two days," he said.
"I've got an order for a thousand."

Goodwin flashed a triumphant glance
at Barry. The pirate had not been
frightened off, then. He had fallen into
the trap laid for him by the scientist. He
was going to try to deliver that thousand
ounces at a hundred dollars an ounce.
But, if the scientist and the detective had
their way and if Porter was planning on
making a haul from the platinum in that
vault yonder, he was due for the surprise
of his life.
Through the radio Jim had given an
exclamation of surprise. "A thousand!"
he cried. "Why, man, if we get away
with this we're fixed for life, rich. Gosli
all fishhooks!"
"I thought so at first," said Thompson
grimly. "I am positive now. Gentlemen,
Jim is no other than Jim Elston, the
electrician here. 'Gosh all fishhooks' is
his favorite expression."
"Listen," cautioned Goodwin.
The pirate was talking again. "You
will want to get a move on," he said.
"I'll be on hand tomorrow night, same
old way. Midnight. Goodbye."
Chapter VIII
Old Peter, night watchman in the
building which housed the Jackson plant
laboratories and experimental station,
was found the next morning, with a fractured
skull, lying half in and half out the
door by which he would have quit the
place. Nearby was an empty quart bottle
with a blood stain upon it, evidently the
thing which had felled him. Beside the
body the old man's dog, his constant
companion, mounted guard and refused
to be driven away by another watchman,
who had discovered the injured man as
he passed on the way to the house on the
island in which all of the guards lived.
"We must get him over to the mainland
to a hospital," said Captain Thompson,
awakened by one of the guards with
the news. "Get Jim Elston and tell him
to make my motorboat ready. I will be
along as soon as I dress."
When the captain appeared, however,
he was not alone. At his invitation,
after Goodwin had insisted upon first
going to the mainland and making much
use of the long distance telephone, Goodwin
and Barry had spent the night at the
captain's comfortable cottage near the
plant.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 579
Old Peter's dog had yielded to the
captain's persuasiveness and permitted
his master to be moved. It was as if the
animal recognized the officer as a friend.
"Why, the poor brute is hurt, too. Catch
him, Elston, and bring him along."
The electrician had come up to report
the motorboat in readiness. He stepped
forward to pick up the animal. But the
dog backed off, growled, bared his teeth
and made one lightning snap at the man.
"That's funny," remarked Captain
Thompson, "he always seemed almost as
fond of you as he was of Peter." In his
steady blue eyes as he fixed them upon
the electrician there was the cold glint of
suspicion.
One of the other men took a hand
then, and without fear the animal submitted
to being picked up and borne to
the boat in the wake of his unconscious
master. Goodwin and Barry, in the
scant clothing they had thrown on in the
cottage, stood watching as the boat shot
from the little wharf and headed across
toward the mainland.
"I think," began the detective, "that
our friend Jim probably knows more
about how Old Peter was injured than
anyone else around here. Thompson
thinks so, too. Did you notice his remark
that the dog always had seemed
fond of Elston before?"
Goodwdn nodded. "Apparently the old
man was slugged by someone who afterwards
hit or kicked the dog," he returned.
"In view of wdiat we heard over
the radio yesterday, who more likely than
Elston ? Clearing the way for tonight,
in my opinion. Anyhow, it ought not to
be hard to prove it. Whoever wielded
the bottle left his fingerprints, no doubt,
and if the experiment room is open, I
can quickly photograph them."
He picked up the bottle and disappeared
into the building with Barry at his
heels.
By one of the laboratory worktables
Goodwin paused, ran his eye quickly over
the bottles, and picked up one labeled
"Aluminum Dust." Barry silently
watched as the scientist sprinkled the
bottle with the powder. This was familiar
ground to him, this bringing into
relief the greasy prints of fingers left on
an object. Goodwin carefully smoothed
down the aluminum dust with a soft

5SU ILLUSTRATED WORLD
brush and examined critically the whorls
and loops that appeared.
"Good thing that chap first picked the
bottle up by the body instead of the
neck," he commented. "Gives us a perfect
set of prints. Now we'll go into the
darkroom and photograph them."
"The darkroom," echoed Barry. "I
thought light, not darkness, was essential
in photography."
"Not in this instance," replied the scientist,
picking up from Captain Thompson's
desk an unexposed roll of camera
film. "Come on." He led the way into
the darkroom in one corner, turned on
the ruby lamp, and asked the detective to
shut the door.
"Now," his voice went on, "I am unrolling
the film and rolling it about the
body of the bottle. I am holding it in
place with a bit of adhesive tape at top
and bottom. We are ready now for the
exposure. First, though, I am wrapping
the bottle up in a heavy black cloth, leaving
only the mouth open. Here goes!"
A match flared up in the darkness and
was plunged into the mouth of the bottle,
where it spluttered, burned for a second,
and was extinguished by the scientist's
breath blown into the bottle. "Thank
goodness, developer and hypo are ready,"
Goodwin was speaking again, and in the
dim rays of the ruby lamp Barry could
see that he was unrolling the film from
the bottle.
For several minutes he worked in silence,
his hands running the roll of film
through the developer. Then he held it
up, peered through it toward the lamp,
and sighed with relief. "A perfect
negative," he said, dropping the film in
the hypo and wdping his hands. "You
see, photographed in the ordinary way,
we would be able to get only one or two
finger prints on each negative. It would
be necessary to turn the bottle for each
print. This way, the film wrapped
around the bottle records all the prints
at once and on one negative."
"Wonders never cease," commented
Barry as they started back for the cottage
to dress more fully and await Captain
Thompson's return.
His companion chuckled. "My friend,"
he said, "you haven't seen anything yet.
LJnless I miss my guess I'll have one or
two more tricks for you before this is
over. I telephoned to my laboratories in
Chicago last night and ordered quite a
boxfui of scientific stuff sent down to
me."
"How's it going to get here ?" was the
doubtful query. "It's five hundred miles
from here to Chicago."
"The only way it could get here in
time to be of any use," answered the scientist.
"An airplane carrying the box
left Chicago at dawn. We'll find it waiting
for us shortly after dinner at the
flying field over on the mainland. A
couple of hours is all I'll require to rig
it up. Hello, here's Thompson coming
back."
Old Peter was not dangerously hurt,
the captain said, in reply to their questions,
but he would be off duty for several
days. "In the meanwhile," he added,
"Jim Elston has volunteered to stand
guard for him in the laboratory building.
I figured you'd want him to have all the
rope possible, if he is the pirate's confederate
; so I consented and sent him off
to his own cottage for the day to rest and
sleep."
"Good stuff," applauded Goodwin, "it
gets him out of my way, too. I saw him
only for a moment when Old Peter was
being taken off to the boat, but unless 1
am a poor judge of character this is about
the last chance Elston is going to have
to sleep except behind the bars for some
little time. Anyhow, tonight wdll tell,
I'm hoping."
Chapter IX
Midnight.
The government plant at Jackson was
wrapped in shadows and over it brooded
a deep quiet, broken only by the gurgle
and lap of the waters of the river as they
slipped past the island.
Three figures silently stole out of the
cottage of Captain Thompson, made their
way to the vicinity of the laboratory
building, and were merged with the darkness.
Had one been able to see them he
would have discovered them prostrate on
the ground where they could command
the main door to the building.
Thus ten minutes passed. Then
faintly to their ears came the droning
whine of a high-powered motor, beating
swdftly and accurately on its many cylinders.
Abruptly it was shut off, there was

ILLUSTRATED WORLD 581
"Take That, You Double-Crosser." He Grated Vindictively, as He Brought His Revolver Down on the
Electrician's Head
the swish of a heavy body rushing
through the air above the heads of the
concealed three and a huge shape, like a
bird that soars with wings extended,
circled smartly over the river, slid downward
and, cutting the water sharply for
fifty, yards, came to rest near the shore
of the island.
None of the three budged or spoke.
The current bore the seaplane in until it
gently nosed the bank and a man leaped
ashore, busied himself for a few minutes,
apparently turning the plane and making
it secure with a rope, then stole up the
pathway to the laboratory door.
Evidently his coming was expected, for
the door swung open and he disappeared
within.
"Stay here," commanded one of the
three watchers as he rose and crept away
in the direction of the seaplane. He
clambered into the cockpit, fumbled
briefly with a knowing hand among the
intricacies under the instrument board,
and rejoined the others.
"I disconnected his ignition," whispered
Captain Thompson and sank back
into his former position in the shadows.
He was barely in time, too, for the laboratory
door opened and this time two
figures emerged, each bearing in his
arms what appeared to be a heavy box.
These they stowed away in the plane and
returned, disappearing inside the building
again.
"This is the time we nail them," came
from one of the watchers. It was Barry,
to whom had fallen the task of directing
the capture. "Have your revolvers ready
and have your hand on the swdtch, Goodwin."
Again the laboratory door opened,
again the two figures emerged and made
their way to the plane. Had there been
eyes in the back of their heads, however,
they would have seen the trio get to their
feet and assume the position of runners
waiting for the crack of the gun that
would send them away.
"Now!" snapped Barry, and he and
Captain Thompson dashed for the men
at the plane. Instantly Goodwin pressed
the switch in his hand and from the top
of two nearby buildings giant search-

582 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
lights burst into radiance, illuminating
the scene as if it were day.
"Throw up your hands, quick."
shouted the government detective, aiming
his revolver.
The result was startling. One of the
cornered men sprang upon the other.
"Yes, you're caught, you damned thief,"
roared the voice of Jim Elston, the electrician.
"I've got him, captain ! I've got
him!"
From the other, taken by surprise as
he was, came a maddened cry in the high,
nasal tones of the platinum pirate.
"Take that, you double-crosser," he
grated vindictively and, bringing his revolver
down upon the electrician's head,
he flung the electrician from him and
sprang into the plane.
The three pursuers had closed in by
now. They stood a few yards away, the
muzzles of their weapons trained upon the
man in the plane as he wildly sought to
start its motor.
"It's no use, Porter," called Barry.
"The wires are disconnected. Throw up
your hands or you die."
With a cry that acknowledged defeat,
the platinum pirate obeyed. A moment
later the government man had climbed up
beside him and snapped handcuffs upon
his wrists.
Jim Elston still lay wdiere he had
fallen. From a wound on the head where
the butt of the platinum pirate's revolver
had crashed with terrific force in that
momentary struggle the blood was trickling
down and the unconscious man
moaned softly.
"I hope he dies, the double-crosser,"
snarled Porter as he and his captor
paused beside the inanimate form over
which Goodwin and Thompson were
feverishly working. But he got no rise
from the others.
"We'd better get him to the hospital
over on the mainland." said the army
officer. "He'll live, probably, but he got
a nasty crack. Funny, too, it's almost
identical with the wound that put Old
Peter out of action. Retribution, I
would say."
So after a few minutes in the laboratory
during which Goodwin took
fingerprints of both Porter and Elston,
the injured man was carried to the motorboat
and made comfortable. Then the
sullen prisoner was taken aboard and
Barry and Captain Thompson set off for
the mainland with them.
Goodwin declined to go. He had work
to do, he said with a mysterious smile
and turned back to the laboratory.
Dawn was breaking when, hollow-eyed
and haggard, he gazed with satisfaction
upon the result of his labors spread out
on a table before him: A dozen negatives,
developed and dried and a print of
each; four sets of fingerprints, all classified
; a talking machine record.
It was there that Barry and Thompson
found him upon their return. Elston was
conscious, the captain said, and insisted
that as soon as he was able to talk he
would explain his share in the affair so
satisfactorily that instead of being a suspected
accomplice, with a policeman on
guard at his bedside, he would be hailed
as a hero and crook-catcher.
"The way he jumped on Porter has
almost convinced me that we were wrong
in suspecting Jim," said the captain.
"Yes, I know he helped him carry out
the boxes containing the platinum, but
he insists that it was all a part of his
scheme to trap the platinum thief and
that he would explain it later."
"Criminals may hoodwink their captors
with words," replied Goodwin with
a smile, "but they cannot deceive the implacable
and emotionless instruments of
science."
But more than that he refused to explain.
Chapter X
Jim Elston, propped up in bed at the
hospital to which he had been taken,
greeted Barry, Goodwin, and Captain
Thompson with a smile. For the stolid
policeman wdio sat nearby he had only a
scowd.
"I'm sorry that fellow got away," he
said, apparently ignorant of Porter's capture.
"He surprised me in the laboratory
building, poked a gun in my face and
threatened to kill me if I didn't help him.
I had it all figured out to trap him in
there on the next trip when you three
broke in on the show. Flow did you get
the word of what was going on, anyhow?"
Goodwin interrupted him. "I'm afraid
{Continued on page 615)

"WHEN THE NORTH WIND
BLOWS—ON YOUR MOTOR CAR"
By j. E. MCDOWELL
W H A T special care must an adjustable a car have valve and should be opened
in winter? Not many years ago up enough to give smooth motor opera­
only a small percentage of the tion wdien cold weather arrives. If water
total number of automobiles in the hands from the cooling system is used, be sure
of the public was driven through the the valves or petcocks are open all the
coldest winter months. Various improve­ way and the tubing clear so that the
ments in motor-car construction, coupled maximum amount of water will be al­
with more experience and more knowllowed to flow past the carburetor. The
edge of his car on the ])art of the owner adjustment on the hot-air stove should be
or driver, are tending to make the auto­ nearly closed so that practically all the
mobile an all-year necessity.
air taken in by the carburetor will be
A car owner should derive just as drawn through the stove and heated be­
much pleasure and comfort from his car fore reaching the carburetor. The pur­
in the winter months as in the warm days pose of these adjustments is to increase
of summer. The automobile today is an the temperature of the incoming gas and
all-year car, built to give year-round serv­ to produce more nearly perfect vaporizaice.
If certain details are given careful tion, for unvaporized gasoline will not
attention a motor will continue to render ignite in the combustion chambers.
maximum efficiency even on the coldest Water should not be used in the cool­
days.
ing- system during freezing weather. Use
All motors are constructed so that the a good anti-freezing solution, because
incoming gases are heated before they water will freeze even though the motor
are drawn into the combustion chambers. is run continuously. Do not use an
This heat may be obtained by utilizing alkaline solution, for it will be injurious
the heat of the exhaust gases or the heat to the metal parts of the cooling system.
of the hot water from the cooling system. Provide a suitable radiator cover or
When exhaust gases are used, the amount shutter with an adjustable opening so the
of heat obtained depends upon the quan­ motor can be warmed up quickly and
tity of gas which passes around or kept at an even temperature. If the
through the carburetor or intake mani­ weather moderates, however, you must
fold. This can be regulated by means of guard against overheating.
;g3

584 ILLUSTRATED WORLD
There Is a Best Way. Told in the Text, to Start
Your Car in Cold Weather
Learn how to start your motor quickly
when it is cold. As the method of starting
each make of motor is more or less
individual, this subject cannot be discussed
in detail but a few general suggestions
may be given. Release the
clutch before closing the starter switch,
for, if the transmission lubricant is cold
and stiff, this will take a tremendous load
off the starter. Use the primer if necessary,
but be very careful in its use, because
the motor can be easily "flooded"
or too much unvaporized gasoline drawn
into the combustion chambers and it will
not start for that reason. Pull out the
air or "choker" button not quite to the
limit. Immediately after the motor commences
to run under its own power, push
the air button in as far as possible without
causing the motor to stop, or causing
a material reduction in its speed, and then
gradually push the button all the way in
as "warming up" progresses.
A car should not be started in second,
or high, gear at any time, but this is particularly
unfair to a cold motor, for it
necessitates high motor speed with the
probability of a back-fire in the carburetor.
It is usually necessary to slip the
clutch too, with the usual wear on the
clutch facings. Start in low gear—it was
put there for that purpose.
Water and gasoline may accumulate in
the crank case of the-motor during cold
weather. Therefore, it is necessary to
drain the oil frequently and replace it
with fresh oil. If water, gasoline and
sediment are allowed to accumulate in the
crank case, serious damage may be done
to the motor. In winter use an oil having
a low cold test—that is, one which will
flow freely at low temperatures. A
lighter oil is recommended by nearly all
motor-car manufacturers for wdnter use.
Since the entire mechanism of the car is
subjected to more severe usage in the
winter, special attention should be given
to lubrication.
It is advisable to remove the strainers
in the gasoline lines more often during
cold weather, in order to prevent an accumulation
of water in the traps. Otherwise
the water will freeze and prevent
the gasoline from flowing to tbe carburetor.
The acid solution in the storage battery
will not freeze unless the battery is allowed
to become quite badly discharged.
Test the solution frequently with a
hvdrometer and keep the gravitv at from
L250 to 1.200 if possible.' Battery solution
at 1.250 wdll freeze at about 60 degrees
below zero, Fahrenheit. If water
is added to the battery, do not let it stand
in freezing temperatures until after it has
been charged or the car has been run.
Either operation will mix the water with
the acid and prevent freezing.
A Boiling Radiator on Your Car in Winter Usually
Means a Frozen Water System. Use the Right
Anti-Freezing Solution
long in the telling they are really very
simple and may be performed in a short
time. Their purpose, in the main, is to
imitate summer conditions under the
hood. It is comparatively easy to create
this condition since the motor in operation
is constantly generating heat.
The finish of an automobile requires

more careful and more frequent attention
when the car is new than when it is older
and the varnish is harder. The best
varnish requires time to season thoroughly
and until seasoned it is easily affected.
Particular care should be taken
to keep mud off the varnish wdiile it is
fresh. Never permit mud to dry or stay
long on the varnish, in any case, for if it
does it will not only be difficult to get
off, but will also stain and dull the varnish.
Flush it off with a bucket or two
of water, if it is not possible to wash the
car before putting it up for the night, and
thoroughly wash it the next morning.
In washing the car, great care should
be exercised, especially during the first
few months. L T se clean, pure water and
plenty of it. The temperature of the
water should be between 55 and 75 degrees
Fahrenheit.
This wdll usually take off all the dirt
but, if it does not, go over the car again
wdiere necessary and rub lightly with a
soft woolen sponge, at the same time
flushing wdth an abundance of water.
Rinse the sponge frequently in clean
water to remove any grit that may be
caught in it. If necessary use a clean.
weak soapy solution to take off grease
spots but wash it off immediately. Then
take a clean, soft chamois, which has been
wrung out as dry as possible, and dry the
finish. Do not rub the varnish, but pat
it lightly instead. Rinse and wring out
the chamois often. Never use on the
body a sponge or chamois which has been
used on the chassis. L T se cleaning compounds
on the nickel and glass which are
known to have no destructive effect on
highly polished surfaces.
Do not allow snow or ice to melt on
the finish if it can be avoided. Wash it
off with cold water, very gradually increasing
the temperature of the water to
the luke-warm stage. Then dry the finish
as before with a soft chamois. Be
very careful not to get the cold water on
the hot hood, however.
Sudden changes in temperature are
very hard on automobile finishes. A car
should not be kept in an overheated garage.
Neither is it advisable to keep a
car in a garage with no heat at all during
the coldest months. There is a tendency
for the paint to check or, in extreme
cases, flake off the body if this is done.
ILLUSTRATED WORLD 585
Mud or Ice Should Never Be Allowed to Remain
on the Finish of Your Car
It is also detrimental to the mechanical
parts of the car, since the oil and grease
can become very stiff when thoroughly
chilled. Instances have been reported, in
cases of pressure-feed oiling systems, of
the oil becoming so solidified that the oil
pump could not force it through the lines
and t