DYB2011-Part-II-web

Nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation
Safeguards agreements, additional protocols and small quantities
protocols
Safeguards agreements51 and APs are the principal legal instruments
that provide the basis for IAEA verification activities. The entry into force of
such instruments therefore continued to be the key to an effective and efficient
IAEA safeguards system.
In 2011, CSAs pursuant to the NPT entered into force for the Congo,
Montenegro and Mozambique. A CSA was signed with Guinea. In addition, an
agreement with Pakistan for the application of safeguards in connection with
the supply of two nuclear power stations, which is based on INFCIRC/66/
Rev.2, entered into force.
APs to safeguards agreements entered into force for Andorra, Bahrain,
the Congo, Costa Rica, the Gambia, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Montenegro,
Morocco and Mozambique. APs were signed with Guinea and the Republic
of Moldova. In addition, an AP with Iraq continued to be provisionally
implemented in 2011 pending its entry into force. Overall, a total of 138 States
had signed APs and 113 had brought APs into force by the end of the year. 52
Small quantities protocols (SQPs) to CSAs were amended with El
Salvador, the Gambia, Guatemala, Panama, the Republic of Moldova, San
Marino and Zimbabwe. 53 Such amendments were concluded in the context of
the Board of Governors’ September 2005 decisions on SQPs that reinstated
the IAEA rights for the application of safeguards measures in States with
limited nuclear material and activities.
The conclusion and amendment of such legal instruments was the focus
of safeguards outreach activities by the IAEA Secretariat throughout the
year. 54 In 2011, the Secretariat convened four outreach events: an interregional
seminar, held in Singapore in March, on the Agency’s safeguards system
for States in South-East and South Asia with limited nuclear material and
activities; a regional seminar, held in Singapore in March, on the Agency’s
safeguards system for States in South-East Asia with significant nuclear
activities; and two briefings, held in Geneva in May and New York in October,
for a number of Permanent Missions on the Agency’s safeguards. In addition,
51 Specific types of safeguards agreements are defined in the IAEA Safeguards Glossary, 2001
edition, International Nuclear Verification Series, No. 3, paras. 1.18-1.21.
52 For more information, see Safeguards Statement for 2011, Background to Safeguards
Statement and Executive Summary of the Safeguards Implementation Report. Available
from http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Reports/ (accessed 9 May 2012).
53 For more information, see http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2005/strengthening_sg.html
(accessed 9 May 2012).
54 For additional information, see the IAEA document, “Plan of Action to promote the
conclusion of safeguards agreements and additional protocols”. Available from
http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/SV/Safeguards/documents/sg_actionplan.pdf (accessed
9 May 2012).
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