Forensic Pathology for Police - Brainshare Public Online Library

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Contents xix Mercury ............................... 295 OtherPoisons.............................. 296 Organophosphates . . . ....................... 296 Strychnine . . ............................ 296 Naturally-OccurringToxins ...................... 296 Disc Image Legends . . . ....................... 297 Selected References . . . ....................... 299 12 Blunt Force Injury Deaths ...................... 301 Introduction . . . ............................ 301 ClassificationofBluntForceInjuries ................. 302 Abrasions .............................. 302 Contusions.............................. 304 Lacerations . . ............................ 305 Fractures............................... 308 Avulsions............................... 310 BluntForceHeadandNeckTrauma.................. 311 Skin and Mucosal Injuries ...................... 312 Subcutaneous Injuries . ....................... 312 Skull and Facial Bone Injuries . . .................. 313 Epidural, Subdural, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage . ........ 315 GrossBrainInjuries ......................... 317 Microscopic Brain Injuries . . . .................. 320 Neck, Spinal Cord, and Vertebral Artery Injuries . . ........ 321 Special Topics Related to Blunt Force Injuries ............. 322 Mechanisms of Death in Blunt Force Trauma ............ 322 Delayed Deaths Related to Blunt Force Injury . . . ........ 324 PatternedInjuries .......................... 325 ClothingExamination ........................ 327 Specific Subtypes of Blunt Force Injury . . ............. 327 Disc Image Legends . . . ....................... 332 Selected References . . . ....................... 334 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths ........................ 337 Introduction . . . ............................ 337 Types of Weapons and Ammunition .................. 337 Gunshot Wounds ............................ 343 Entrance Wounds . . . ....................... 344 Range of Fire . ............................ 346 Exit Wounds . ............................ 351 Graze Wounds ............................ 351 Caliber................................ 352 Miscellaneous Features of Handgun Wounds ............ 354 Characteristics of High-Velocity Wounds . ............. 354 Shotgun Wounds ........................... 356 Miscellaneous Issues . . . ....................... 362
xx Contents InternalExamination......................... 362 Mechanism of Injury . . ....................... 366 Documentation ............................ 367 X-Rays................................ 368 ClothingExamination ........................ 368 GunshotResidue........................... 368 Manner of Death Issues ....................... 369 Special Weapons, Ammunition, and Circumstances ........ 370 Disc Image Legends . . . ....................... 373 Selected References . . . ....................... 376 14 Sharp Force Injury Deaths ...................... 379 Introduction . . . ............................ 379 Stab Wounds . . ............................ 381 Incised Wounds . ............................ 385 Chop Wounds . . ............................ 388 Special Issues . . ............................ 388 InternalExamination......................... 388 Mechanism of Injury . . ....................... 390 Trace Evidence ............................ 390 ClothingExamination ........................ 390 Defensive Wounds . . . ....................... 391 HesitationMarks........................... 391 Self-Inflicted Wounds/Suicide . . .................. 392 “Self-Injurious Behavior” (“Cutting”) . . . ............. 392 Accidental Sharp Force Injuries . .................. 393 Direction of Incised Wound . . . .................. 393 Handedness of Attacker ....................... 393 X-Rays................................ 394 Decomposition ............................ 395 Postmortem/Perimortem Wounds .................. 395 Artifacts ............................... 397 Disc Image Legends . . . ....................... 398 Selected References . . . ....................... 399 15 Asphyxial Deaths ........................... 401 Introduction . . . ............................ 401 Suffocation............................... 403 SimpleAsphyxia(EnvironmentalAsphyxia) ............ 403 Smothering(ExternalAirwayObstruction)............. 405 Choking (Internal Airway Obstruction) . . ............. 406 Mechanical Asphyxia (Traumatic Asphyxia) ............ 408 Positional Asphyxia . . ....................... 410 CombinationFormsofSuffocation ................. 410 Neck Compression (Strangulation) . .................. 411 Hanging . . . ............................ 412
Page 2: Forensic Pathology for Police, Deat
Page 5 and 6: Joseph Prahlow Indiana University S
Page 7 and 8: vi Dedication accepted the free gif
Page 9 and 10: viii Foreword quality photographs i
Page 11 and 12: x Acknowledgements Counties, as wel
Page 14 and 15: Contents Part I Introductory Topics
Page 16 and 17: Contents xv Hepatobiliary System .
Page 18 and 19: Contents xvii RespiratorySystem....
Page 22 and 23: Contents xxi Strangulation . ......
Page 24 and 25: Contents xxiii Negligence/Neglect .
Page 26: About the Author Joseph A. Prahlow,
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathology
Page 31 and 32: Introduction to Pathology 5 Table 1
Page 33 and 34: Introduction to Pathology 7 Fig. 1.
Page 35 and 36: Introduction to Pathology 9 Fig. 1.
Page 37 and 38: Introduction to Pathology 11 Fig. 1
Page 39 and 40: Introduction to Pathology 13 Fig. 1
Page 41: Selected References 15 Disc Image L
Page 44 and 45: 18 2 Introduction to Forensic Scien
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 3 Introduction to Forensic
Page 63 and 64: Duties of the Forensic Pathologist
Page 69 and 70: Training and Qualifications of Fore
Page 71 and 72:
Training and Qualifications of Fore
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Selected References 47 Selected Ref
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50 4 Death Investigation Death Inve
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52 4 Death Investigation met in ord
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54 4 Death Investigation leading to
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56 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.2 A
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58 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.5 P
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60 4 Death Investigation Fig. 4.9 I
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62 4 Death Investigation apartment
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64 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.1 A
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66 5 Death Certification Fig. 5.4 A
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68 5 Death Certification latter, th
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70 5 Death Certification infrequent
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72 5 Death Certification changes in
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74 5 Death Certification suicides.
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76 5 Death Certification death is i
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78 5 Death Certification use involv
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Chapter 6 Overview of Anatomy and P
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Introduction 83 Table 6.1 (continue
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Introduction 89 Term Definition Tab
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Introduction 91 “mucous membranes
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Specific Organ Systems 93 functions
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Specific Organ Systems 95 Fig. 6.2
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Specific Organ Systems 97 Microscop
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Specific Organ Systems 107 respirat
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Specific Organ Systems 111 water co
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Specific Organ Systems 115 Platelet
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Disc Image Legends 125 Disc Image 6
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Part II General Topics in Forensic
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130 7 The Postmortem Forensic Exami
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Chapter 8 Postmortem Changes and Ti
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Early Postmortem Changes 165 Fig. 8
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Early Postmortem Changes 167 can be
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Decomposition 169 exposed to sunlig
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Decomposition 171 Fig. 8.8 As decom
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Decomposition 173 Fig. 8.12 As deco
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Decomposition 175 Fig. 8.16 If flie
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Postmortem Injuries 177 Fig. 8.20 I
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Time of Death Estimation 179 Time o
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Time of Death Estimation 181 Fig. 8
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Chapter 9 Identification of Human R
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Introduction 187 Fig. 9.2 Badly dec
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Common, Non-scientific Methods of I
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Scientific Methods of Identificatio
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Identification Based on Other Uniqu
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Unidentified Remains 199 Fig. 9.16
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Selected References 201 Disc Image
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Chapter 10 Natural Deaths One man d
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Infectious Disease 207 to as “hyp
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Cardiovascular System 209 refers to
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Cardiovascular System 211 related t
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Cardiovascular System 213 heart int
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Cardiovascular System 215 Aortic An
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Cardiovascular System 217 Vasculiti
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Cardiovascular System 219 Valve Dis
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Cardiovascular System 221 Fig. 10.1
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Central Nervous System 223 Neoplast
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Central Nervous System 225 Viral en
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Central Nervous System 227 Spontane
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Respiratory System 229 Fig. 10.18 T
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Respiratory System 231 Pulmonary Th
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Respiratory System 233 identificati
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Respiratory System 235 Chronic Lung
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary
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Reticuloendothelial and Immune Syst
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Endocrine System 243 infection, dis
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Multisystem and Other Disorders 245
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Selected References 255 Fineschi V,
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258 11 Drug-Related and Toxin-Relat
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Chapter 12 Blunt Force Injury Death
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Classification of Blunt Force Injur
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Blunt Force Head and Neck Trauma 31
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Special Topics Related to Blunt For
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Selected References 335 Toro K, Szl
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338 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths shotgun
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340 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Fig. 13
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346 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths targets
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348 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths (a) (b)
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350 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Image 1
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354 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Miscell
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362 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths may be
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368 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths X-Rays
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370 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths left-ha
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372 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths NYCLAD
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374 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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376 13 Gunshot Wound Deaths Disc Im
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Chapter 14 Sharp Force Injury Death
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Stab Wounds 381 to describe the sha
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Stab Wounds 383 describing “clust
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Incised Wounds 385 Fig. 14.9 A supe
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Incised Wounds 387 Although knives
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Special Issues 389 Fig. 14.16 A sta
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Special Issues 391 Defensive Wounds
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Special Issues 393 disorders; howev
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Special Issues 395 area of “radio
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Special Issues 397 Artifacts A fina
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Selected References 399 Disc Image
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Chapter 15 Asphyxial Deaths So Juda
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Suffocation 403 Fig. 15.1 Petechiae
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Suffocation 405 Certification of th
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Suffocation 407 usual occluding sub
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Suffocation 409 being able to expan
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Neck Compression (Strangulation) 41
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Chemical Asphyxia 419 the object ha
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Chemical Asphyxia 421 Fig. 15.21 A
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Other Issues 423 to function proper
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Other Issues 425 (a) (b) Fig. 15.24
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Other Issues 427 the arms/hands bou
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Selected References 431 Prahlow JA,
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434 16 Drowning Physiology and Mech
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436 16 Drowning Fig. 16.2 Thedriver
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438 16 Drowning Fig. 16.4 “Cadave
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440 16 Drowning Finding water withi
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442 16 Drowning Fig. 16.10 Marked d
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444 16 Drowning Fig. 16.14 True ant
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446 16 Drowning Manner of Death A l
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448 16 Drowning Pachar JV, Cameron
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450 17 Electrical Deaths Fig. 17.1
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452 17 Electrical Deaths required f
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454 17 Electrical Deaths death (Fig
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466 17 Electrical Deaths Disc Image
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Chapter 18 Temperature-Related Deat
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Hypothermia 471 constrict, thus con
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Hypothermia 473 Fig. 18.3 Prominent
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Hyperthermia 475 Toxicology testing
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Hyperthermia 477 Fig. 18.8 A 24-yea
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Selected References 479 disease. In
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Chapter 19 Burns and Fire-Related D
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Introduction 483 Fig. 19.3 Example
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Burn Types 485 Fig. 19.5 A postmort
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Burn Types 487 Chemical Burns As me
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Fire Deaths 489 Fire burns represen
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Fire Deaths 491 Fig. 19.11 Dense so
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Fire Deaths 493 Fig. 19.13 Multiple
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Fire Deaths 495 a CO test or an ins
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Fire Deaths 497 Fig. 19.20 Atrue an
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Disc Image Legends 499 Disc Image L
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Chapter 20 Deaths in Infancy and Ch
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Discarded Fetuses/Infants and Fetal
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Birth-Related Infant Deaths 507 abr
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Infant Deaths 509 Fig. 20.3 A diaph
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Infant Deaths 511 Fig. 20.6 The pre
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Natural Death in Childhood 513 path
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Accidental Childhood Deaths 515 pon
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 517 occu
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 519 Fig.
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Homicidal Childhood Deaths 521 in a
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Classification of Childhood Homicid
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Pediatric Autopsy Considerations 53
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Disc Image Legends 535 Disc Image L
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Selected References 537 Selected Re
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540 21 Miscellaneous Topics Aircraf
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542 21 Miscellaneous Topics CAMI to
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544 21 Miscellaneous Topics To summ
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546 21 Miscellaneous Topics typical
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548 21 Miscellaneous Topics quite o
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550 21 Miscellaneous Topics Fig. 21
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552 21 Miscellaneous Topics The emb
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554 21 Miscellaneous Topics various
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556 21 Miscellaneous Topics stress
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560 21 Miscellaneous Topics ampheta
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562 21 Miscellaneous Topics victim
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564 21 Miscellaneous Topics more se
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568 21 Miscellaneous Topics Organ a
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572 21 Miscellaneous Topics region
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574 21 Miscellaneous Topics Regardi
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576 21 Miscellaneous Topics and lar
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578 21 Miscellaneous Topics some wo
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580 21 Miscellaneous Topics Non-ion
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582 21 Miscellaneous Topics Yersini
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584 21 Miscellaneous Topics water (
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586 21 Miscellaneous Topics to gene
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588 21 Miscellaneous Topics Disc Im
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590 21 Miscellaneous Topics Leclair
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Appendix: Additional Resources and
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Index Note: The letters ‘f’ and
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Index 597 Arnold-Chiari malformatio
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Index 599 closed head injuries, 311
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Index 601 immediate, 68 intermediar
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Index 603 liver demonstrating cirrh
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Index 605 Death investigation syste
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Index 607 pressure related processe
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Index 609 bridging veins, 316 dura
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Index 611 brain, serially-sectioned
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Index 613 Gestational DM, 247 Gesta
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Index 615 Homicide(s), 444 by heart
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Index 617 Infant death, 501-502, 50
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Index 619 Material Safety Data Shee
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Index 621 CNS, 223-229 cerebral pal
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Index 623 Over-the-counter (OTC), 2
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Index 625 Pregnancy-related materna
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Index 627 industrial settings, 486
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Index 629 Smoke and soot inhalation
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Index 631 Thrombophlebitis, inflamm
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