Missing Pieces: - Royal Australian Navy

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seTTing The scene - The Ran and iTs inTelligence diVisiOn TO 1939 To summarise, by 1939, with the majority of Long’s reforms of naval intelligence in place, the RAN intelligence service was well positioned for war. Through its place in the Admiralty intelligence network, the NID or, for particularly sensitive intelligence, DNI personally, was receiving a flow of information on the Pacific and Indian Oceans from adjoining naval station commands and the Admiralty itself. AROs throughout the Australia Station were reporting shipping movements to DNI and then to the Admiralty. A system known as VESCAR was in place to pass relevant parts of this information to RAN warships and shore commands in weekly reports. The NID was also on the distribution of all messages between RAN and Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) operational commanders, and was monitoring incidents in less-frequented areas of the station through the Coastwatcher system. Long tapped sources of insider information from his own agents across the station and his more formal contacts in Hong Kong and Singapore. The Admiralty’s worldwide directionfinding network was in operation, tracking shipping of interest on the Australia Station, although the positional accuracy of the system would have to wait the completion of the Australian stations before it could be improved. 47 • • • • • While DNI was preparing his organisation for war, the remainder of the Naval Staff in Melbourne was also engaged in setting the RAN’s operational organisation to rights in the context of the foreseen trade protection operations. From the outbreak of WWII, the RAN would be engaged in the defence of trade. With the possible exception of those Australian units which served in the Mediterranean theatre, where initial actions were directed against the Italian Fleet and in support of Allied military operations in North Africa, the operation of every ship was connected in some way with the protection of trade routes to and from the continent. 48 Along those routes passed commercial cargoes vital to the war effort and troopships, whose precious cargo received the best protection that could be afforded. In September 1939, the RAN itself was a reasonably balanced force, whose order of battle was structured for the primary role of trade protection. The heavy elements were two 8-inch gun heavy cruisers, HMA Ships Australia and Canberra, both constructed in 1928. There were three modern light cruisers, HMA Ships Sydney, Hobart and Perth, each with eight 6-inch guns, and the older light cruiser HMAS Adelaide, which had been constructed in Sydney in the 1920s and had only recently been converted from coal to oil. There were five destroyers of WWI vintage (termed by the Germans ‘the scrap iron flotilla’) and two more modern sloops. Five merchant ships had been converted to armed merchant cruisers, each mounting four 6-inch guns, but three of these were serving as units of the RN, while HMA Ships Manoora and Westralia were RAN units. A small number of merchant vessels had been equipped as minesweepers, while two sloops and a destroyer were under construction in Sydney. 49 19
20 Missing Pieces The heavy cruiser HMAS Australia The light cruiser HMAS Adelaide
Page 1 and 2: Papers in Australian Maritime Affai
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Page 5 and 6: disclaimer The views expressed are
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4. Taking the Offensive, 1942—45
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Taking The OFFensiVe 1942-45 Map 9
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Taking The OFFensiVe 1942-45 guns.
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Taking The OFFensiVe 1942-45 Barbey
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6. securing southeast asia: Malayan
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secuRing sOuTheasT asia: Malayan eM
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PROPPing uP a dOMinO: VieTnaM 1967-
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Map 26 - Operation MARKET TIME PROP
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Damage received by HMAS Hobart afte
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8. Final Observations and conclusio
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OBseRVaTiOns and cOnclusiOns up the
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OBseRVaTiOns and cOnclusiOns level
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codebreaking appendix - australian
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aPPendix practices and personnel, b
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aPPendix in the chain of command of
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aPPendix units’ in RAAF terminolo
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archival Records national archives
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CO1022 South East Asia Department:
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BiBliOgRaPhy Clausewitz, Karl von,
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BiBliOgRaPhy Harper, Norman, A Grea
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BiBliOgRaPhy Maneki, Sharon, The Qu
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BiBliOgRaPhy Stevens, David M, A Cr
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BiBliOgRaPhy Murray, BS, ‘The Sea
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introduction 1 Karl von Clausewitz,
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nOTes activities of the Japanese an
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nOTes 64 The chart of the reconstru
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nOTes 98 There appears to have been
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nOTes 131 Burrell, Mermaids Do Exis
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nOTes racial superiority, and probl
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nOTes 191 Waller, however, did not
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nOTes 213 MacArthur’s reasons may
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nOTes 236 Puleston quoted Japanese
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nOTes 258 As previously noted, USN
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nOTes 281 The range of the aircraft
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nOTes 297 EB Potter & Chester W Nim
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nOTes Darwin. [David Jenkins, Battl
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nOTes of the ASW escorts to sink su
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nOTes 353 In gaining this intellige
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nOTes 380 UKNA HS1/257 — SOE Far
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nOTes 404 NAA MP1185/8, Item 2037/7
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nOTes intelligence in this area has
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nOTes 451 The US Sigint establishme
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nOTes 477 O’Neill, Strategy and D
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nOTes Investigations, conducted sim
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nOTes 528 The Communists claimed th
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nOTes 554 ‘Do you think in Septem
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securing southeast asia: Malayan em
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nOTes London, 2000, p. 226. Stateme
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nOTes 639 NAA A8580/1, Item Z1/11
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nOTes 668 A good impression of the
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nOTes 704 Later in the campaign mor
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nOTes requirements issued by higher
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nOTes Defense to establish why a pa
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nOTes 798 Targets fell into three c
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826 Commander RG Ray, RAN, (Rtd), c
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nOTes 856 Despite the success of th
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inTROducTiOn 887 In New Britain in
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Chin Peng, 189, 192-3 China, People
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i Warrego, 62, 121 Whyalla, 119, Ya
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l Han River operations, 168-172 nat
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unreadiness for Malayan Emergency,
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index 371
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Missing Pieces: - Royal Australian Navy

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