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Agroecology for Sustainable Food Security - tnsroindia.org.in

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Indian Journal Of Natural Sciences ISSN: 0976 – 0997<br />

Vol1 / Issue 2 / October 2010 © IJONS<br />

MATERIALS AND METHODS<br />

Plant<br />

A large number of Sida sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. leaves were collected <strong>in</strong> Tiruchirappalli, botanically identified and confirmed. The<br />

collected leaves were washed with water and shade dried <strong>for</strong> two weeks, after mill<strong>in</strong>g as powder the leaves used <strong>for</strong><br />

extraction.<br />

Preparation of extraction<br />

The dried plants materials were pulverized by mechanical gr<strong>in</strong>der, sieved through 40 meshes. The powdered<br />

materials were extracted with ethanol us<strong>in</strong>g Soxhlet extraction apparatus <strong>for</strong> 48 hours at temperature of 50-60 o C. This<br />

ethanol extract was then concentrated and dried under reduced pressure. The ethanol free semisolid mass thus<br />

obta<strong>in</strong>ed was preserved <strong>in</strong> desiccator and used <strong>for</strong> experiments.<br />

Qualitative phytochemical evaluation<br />

Ethanol extract was tested to determ<strong>in</strong>e the various phytochemical constituents us<strong>in</strong>g standard methods [1] [2]. The<br />

anti-microbial properties of the plants may be attributed to the secondary metabolites present <strong>in</strong> it, phytoconstituents<br />

like Phenolics [3] [4], tann<strong>in</strong>s [5] and alkaloids [6] etc., is found to be effective anti-microbial substance aga<strong>in</strong>st a wide<br />

range of micro <strong>org</strong>anism [7].<br />

Nephroprotective activity<br />

Male Wister rats weigh<strong>in</strong>g 200-250gm were used and the animals were housed under conditions of controlled<br />

temperature and 12 hour day night cycle and were feed standard pellet diet (H<strong>in</strong>dustan liver ltd, Bangalore). As per<br />

the protocol the animals were divided <strong>in</strong> to four groups of six animals each. Group -1 served as normal (only normal<br />

sal<strong>in</strong>e) throughout the course of the experiment, where no treatment was given, Group-2 served as control received<br />

daily <strong>in</strong>traperitonial <strong>in</strong>jection[8] of gentamic<strong>in</strong> (80 mg/kg) and 2 ml/kg of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) orally <strong>for</strong><br />

8 days. This dose has already been shown to produce nephrotoxicity[8] Group-3 and 4 animals were adm<strong>in</strong>istered<br />

gentamic<strong>in</strong> (80mg/kg) <strong>in</strong>traperitonially <strong>for</strong> eight days <strong>in</strong> addition to this they also received 100mg and 200mg of Sida<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L <strong>in</strong> CMC orally respectively. This was started three days prior to the gentamic<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>jection and cont<strong>in</strong>ued with<br />

the 8 days of gentamic<strong>in</strong> treatment.<br />

Biochemical assays<br />

At the end of the study, the animals were kept <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual metabolic cages <strong>for</strong> 24 -hour’s ur<strong>in</strong>e collection. Be<strong>for</strong>e<br />

sacrific<strong>in</strong>g the animals, blood was collected by orbital s<strong>in</strong>us under ether anaesthesia. Estimation of ur<strong>in</strong>ary sodium<br />

and potassium was done by us<strong>in</strong>g flame photometer (Systronic, M121). Blood urea concentration was determ<strong>in</strong>ed by<br />

glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) K<strong>in</strong>etic method, us<strong>in</strong>g Beckman Spectrophotometer. Creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e clearance was<br />

calculated after estimat<strong>in</strong>g the serum and ur<strong>in</strong>ary creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e [9] all the biochemical estimations were done by us<strong>in</strong>g<br />

semi-auto analyzer.<br />

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />

Punitha et al<br />

The extract of Sida sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. reveals that the presence of various phytoconstituents shown <strong>in</strong> Table 1. In gentamic<strong>in</strong><br />

treated rat, body weight was significantly lower than control, and Sida sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. plus gentamic<strong>in</strong> group. Sida sp<strong>in</strong>osa<br />

L. alone had no effect on any renal parameters shown <strong>in</strong> (Table 2). A marked <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> blood urea (Figure 1), and<br />

serum creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e (Figure 2) was noted <strong>in</strong> gentamic<strong>in</strong> treated group compared to control. Co adm<strong>in</strong>istration of Sida<br />

sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. decreased the rise <strong>in</strong> blood urea and serum creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e level. Creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e clearance <strong>in</strong> gentamic<strong>in</strong> group fell<br />

significantly compared to control (Table 2) and Sida sp<strong>in</strong>osa L. significantly prevented the fall <strong>in</strong> creat<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e clearance.<br />

102

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