Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

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ector was filled by a very handsome and friendly man named Kuchumov. He came to the university more often than Mif and was well liked by the students. He was also known as an expert on China, but actually his specialty was Outer Mongolia. He was in charge of Mongolian affairs in the Comintern. During the 1920s, he also took various Sun Yat-sen University students on official tours of Outer Mongolia. Mif was young, inexperienced, and generally unpopular. While he was vice-rector, most of the students did not like him, for he seldom mingled with them. He maintained contact only with a handful of students who spoke fluent Russian and who were among those who later became known as the 28 Bolsheviks. He did not even teach a course at the university and only occasionally delivered speeches to us. In addition, he always had a long face and never smiled. Perhaps his relative youth made him self-conscious and caused him to try to act older than his age. In any case, students at that time, at least, had no way of knowing what substance there was to the man. What was clear to all was that he compared to Karl Radek as a drop of water to an ocean. The China Problems Research Institute, which will be discussed in chapter four, was Mif s greatest contribution while serving as rector of the university. His only other achievement was to issue walking papers to some very learned Trotskyite professors and to replace them with instructors strong on Partyism but poor in scholarship. Of course, he was not to blame in this case, for he was doubtless only carrying out the orders of those higher up in the Party. Despite being disliked by many students of the university, Mif was very successful in enhancing his position in the Party and the government. With the rapid development of the Chinese revolutionary movement after 1925, the situation in China naturally became more and more important to the Comintern. Consequently, Mifs post as rector of Sun Yat-sen University became an enviable one. Moreover, the power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky gave him the opportunity to improve his position even more. Mif supported Stalin and was in turn consulted by Stalin on the problems of the Chinese revolution. However, Mif did not find himself above correction on the problems of the revolution. At the ECCFs Seventh Plenum, held from 38
November 12 to December 16,1926, Mif proposed "Theses on the Problems of China." The theses submitted by Mif contained more mistakes and errors than any of the other reports. Stalin considered Mifs suggestion that Soviets should be organized in the Chinese countryside to be especially inappropriate. But Mif did not fall into disfavor on account of his proposal. Mif was not one to stay in the Comintern building. On the contrary, he made frequent trips to China. One trip that I know about was his trip to China prior to the Seventh Plenum of the ECCI in November, 1926. The apparent purpose of this trip was to assist the Chinese Communists in setting up Communist Party schools. Moreover, in March or April of 1927, Mif, accompanied by his favorite student, Ch'en Shaoyu, went to Hankow to take part in the Fifth National Congress of the CCP which was held on April 27, 1927. After taking part in the congress, he returned to the Soviet Union in August of the same year. At that time all the students of Sun Yat-sen University were taking a summer vacation at Trasovka, a resort not far from Moscow. One day Mif and Ch'en Shao-yu came to the resort to report on their recent trip to China and the state of the Wuhan government. Mif despaired over the worsening situation of the Chinese revolution, and his neversmiling face seemed more serious than ever. What he told us made us quite uneasy. Everyone was quiet, yet deep in our hearts we were greatly perturbed. Finally Mif finished his speech and walked out amidst polite applause. It was a very depressing experience. Even though the Chinese revolution, was sliding into a period of decline, Mifs good fortune was in no way affected. Towards the end of 1927 he was promoted to the directorship of the Chinese Section of the Comintern and shortly after that, as I have already mentioned, he was promoted to the rectorship of Sun Yat-sen University. He was also entrusted with organizing the Sixth National Congress of the CCP, which was held in a suburb of Moscow in June, 1928. However, trouble was brewing at Sun Yat-sen University, which was quite disturbing to Mif, for complaints were showered upon him from all sides. The Party dispute at the university put him on especially bad terms with the Chinese Communist representatives to the Comintern, Ch'u Ch'iu-pai in particular. Unwilling to bear the burdens of Sun Yat-sen University, he asked to be relieved of his job as rector 39
Page 1 and 2: Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
Page 3 and 4: Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
Page 5 and 6: COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
Page 7 and 8: University in Moscow and of the 28
Page 9 and 10: of whom I was one. My memory, as is
Page 11 and 12: Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
Page 15 and 16: enough names to indicate that these
Page 17: Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
Page 20 and 21: To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
Page 22 and 23: momentum. This influence reached it
Page 24 and 25: gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in
Page 26 and 27: is approaching when the Soviet Unio
Page 28 and 29: University in Moscow in the same ye
Page 30 and 31: egistering for the examinations. Th
Page 32 and 33: Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
Page 34 and 35: Russian for about four or five mont
Page 36 and 37: Province. But I shall suppress my i
Page 38 and 39: While the Soviet Union was generall
Page 40 and 41: the stowage area because the very f
Page 42 and 43: nights on the train. We finally arr
Page 44 and 45: the Trade Union Building in Novembe
Page 46 and 47: large number of Trotskyite professo
Page 48 and 49: utterfly. At times he hung his head
Page 52 and 53: of the university in the summer of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
Page 56 and 57: Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
Page 58 and 59: world our denouncement of the consp
Page 60 and 61: arranged the secret nighttime arres
Page 62 and 63: planning even more and forced an ex
Page 64 and 65: foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
Page 66 and 67: Sinologists. Another famed Russian
Page 68 and 69: addition to employing most of the y
Page 70 and 71: theoretical thinking of the members
Page 72 and 73: 14. I have had an opportunity to ex
Page 74 and 75: tionary Movements. The reason for t
Page 76 and 77: nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
Page 78 and 79: of a Russian-language work entitled
Page 80 and 81: up to the seventh class, which also
Page 82 and 83: instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
Page 84 and 85: With this special attention these "
Page 86 and 87: I was honored to teach the politica
Page 88 and 89: In all, there were four professors
Page 90 and 91: However, we might as well have been
Page 92 and 93: usually ran around two hours, and t
Page 94 and 95: dragged on and on, and finally the
Page 96 and 97: From the above, one can see that th
Page 98 and 99: Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
Page 100 and 101:
Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
Page 102 and 103:
When famous operas were staged in M
Page 104 and 105:
staying temporarily in Russia we di
Page 106 and 107:
excellent meals, I knew that our pr
Page 108 and 109:
passed a resolution to cooperate wi
Page 110 and 111:
The actual theoretical struggle bet
Page 112 and 113:
time, he had to be careful not to a
Page 114 and 115:
pai, who had attended the Congress
Page 116 and 117:
ticular. At this crucial juncture i
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
Page 120 and 121:
5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
Page 122 and 123:
students and the entire petty bourg
Page 124 and 125:
were, after all, human beings and n
Page 126 and 127:
she said, should be based on trust
Page 128 and 129:
eturn to China. In addition, they w
Page 130 and 131:
Kai-shek, and the other to the work
Page 132 and 133:
for example, Stalin had insisted th
Page 134 and 135:
us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
Page 136 and 137:
committee simply had not expected t
Page 138 and 139:
throw his lot in with the Communist
Page 140 and 141:
Surely it was on this point that th
Page 142 and 143:
ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
Page 144 and 145:
Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
Page 146 and 147:
of thirty people, which included Yu
Page 148 and 149:
Province, as did Feng. It seems app
Page 150 and 151:
in the province, Chinese Communists
Page 152 and 153:
to help him fight the Wuhan governm
Page 154 and 155:
However, their plans were destined
Page 156 and 157:
Hu Han-min was an especially import
Page 158 and 159:
Russian scholars. He also received
Page 160 and 161:
discussions was the relationship be
Page 162 and 163:
youngsters who had stood for hours
Page 164 and 165:
Russia as well as among us students
Page 166 and 167:
tionary movement developed rapidly.
Page 168 and 169:
to make it known that they were see
Page 170 and 171:
ecause of a desire to chat with his
Page 172 and 173:
students to edit and translate it i
Page 174 and 175:
many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
Page 176 and 177:
intern's China policy. In September
Page 178 and 179:
occasionally turned up with deep sc
Page 180 and 181:
5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
Page 182 and 183:
K'uan, Cheng Ch'ao-lin, Kao Yu-han,
Page 184 and 185:
Trotskyites who had not been arrest
Page 186 and 187:
of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
Page 188 and 189:
eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
Page 190 and 191:
and alert. The prisoner, still brac
Page 192 and 193:
There was also, of course, a good d
Page 194 and 195:
The sages and idiots, after a thous
Page 196 and 197:
1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprisings
Page 198 and 199:
delegates to the Fifth Congress of
Page 200 and 201:
gotten, but they probably were not
Page 202 and 203:
uilding. Upon our arrival there, we
Page 204 and 205:
torians have experienced problems a
Page 206 and 207:
unanimously elected executive gener
Page 208 and 209:
NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
Page 210 and 211:
can be converted into paddy fields,
Page 212 and 213:
secretary general. Kuan had been a
Page 214 and 215:
away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
Page 216 and 217:
Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
Page 218 and 219:
elaborate celebration than ever bef
Page 220 and 221:
the bureau of the Party branch. And
Page 222 and 223:
ever, was short-lived. The Second L
Page 224 and 225:
conspicuous. 3 They criticized the
Page 226 and 227:
worker and peasant students. Althou
Page 228 and 229:
oughly 5 percent of the approximate
Page 230 and 231:
was located, one of twenty-six admi
Page 232 and 233:
and then asked me to interpret what
Page 234 and 235:
as long as the situation permitted.
Page 236 and 237:
worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
Page 238 and 239:
learned years later when I met seve
Page 240 and 241:
truly remarkable that the Chinese C
Page 242 and 243:
liminary Successes in One or More P
Page 244 and 245:
line, so at the session and for a t
Page 246 and 247:
I remained in Moscow. I was assigne
Page 248 and 249:
special personnel arrangements that
Page 250 and 251:
Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
Page 252 and 253:
Provincial Committee, was short-liv
Page 254 and 255:
ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
Page 256 and 257:
capitulated to the KMT authorities,
Page 258 and 259:
next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
Page 260 and 261:
Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
Page 262 and 263:
in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
Page 264 and 265:
eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
Page 266 and 267:
as follows: (1) The Central Soviet
Page 268 and 269:
Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
Page 270 and 271:
trends in the united front and expo
Page 272 and 273:
sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
Page 274 and 275:
Index In addition to abbreviations
Page 276 and 277:
discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
Page 278 and 279:
for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
Page 280 and 281:
at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
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