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CHAPTER 7: HEALTH-RELATED GOALS 4, 5 AND 6<br />

Introduction<br />

Infant mortality<br />

is closely linked<br />

<strong>to</strong> the health <strong>of</strong><br />

mothers.<br />

The three health-related Goals (4, 5 and 6) are so<br />

inter-related that it is very difficult <strong>to</strong> have an<br />

investment in one not affecting the other. This is<br />

especially so for Goals 4 and 5, but also for Goal<br />

6. For instance, 8% <strong>of</strong> all deaths in under-5s<br />

globally (one <strong>of</strong> the indica<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> G4) were as a<br />

result <strong>of</strong> malaria (one <strong>of</strong> the indica<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> G6), and<br />

<strong>Nigeria</strong> alone contributes 24% <strong>of</strong> the global<br />

incidence <strong>of</strong> this.<br />

In addition, malaria causes anaemia in pregnant<br />

women, low birth weight and preterm births that<br />

can be associated with Goal 1. Also, all structures<br />

and programmes set up for Goals 4 and 5 can also<br />

serve as a platform for the achievement <strong>of</strong> Goal 6.<br />

The Health-Related Goals, Targets and Indica<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality<br />

Targets: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015,<br />

the under five –mortality rate<br />

Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />

Under 5 mortality ratio<br />

Infant mortality rate<br />

Proportion <strong>of</strong> 1-year old children immunised against<br />

measles<br />

Goal 5: Improve maternal health care<br />

Targets: Reduce 3/4s between 1990 and 2015, the<br />

maternal mortality ratio<br />

Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />

Maternal mortality rate<br />

Proportion <strong>of</strong> birth attended by skilled health<br />

personnel<br />

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other<br />

diseases<br />

Targets: 1. Have halted by 2015 and begun <strong>to</strong> reverse<br />

the spread <strong>of</strong> HIV/AIDS<br />

2. Have halted by 2015 and begun <strong>to</strong> reverse the<br />

incidence <strong>of</strong> malaria and other diseases<br />

Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />

HIV prevalence among 15-<strong>to</strong>-24-year-old pregnant<br />

women; Condom use rate <strong>of</strong> the contraceptive<br />

prevalence rate; Condom use at last high risk sex;<br />

Percentage <strong>of</strong> population aged 15-24 years with<br />

comprehensive correct knowledge <strong>of</strong> HIV/AIDS;<br />

Contraceptive prevalence rate; Ratio <strong>of</strong> school<br />

attendance <strong>of</strong> orphans <strong>to</strong> school attendance <strong>of</strong> nonorphans<br />

aged 10-14 years; Prevalence and death rates<br />

associated with malaria; Proportion <strong>of</strong> population in<br />

malaria risk areas using effective malaria prevention and<br />

treatment measures; Prevalence and death rates<br />

associated with tuberculosis; Proportion <strong>of</strong> tuberculosis<br />

cases detected and cured under directly observed<br />

treatment short course.<br />

Since these health-related goals are intertwined,<br />

adequate caveat is needed in an effort <strong>to</strong> isolate<br />

the goals <strong>to</strong> give accounts <strong>of</strong> their relative<br />

contributions in respect <strong>to</strong> their set benchmarks<br />

Page 35 <strong>of</strong> 150

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