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CHAPTER 7: HEALTH-RELATED GOALS 4, 5 AND 6<br />
Introduction<br />
Infant mortality<br />
is closely linked<br />
<strong>to</strong> the health <strong>of</strong><br />
mothers.<br />
The three health-related Goals (4, 5 and 6) are so<br />
inter-related that it is very difficult <strong>to</strong> have an<br />
investment in one not affecting the other. This is<br />
especially so for Goals 4 and 5, but also for Goal<br />
6. For instance, 8% <strong>of</strong> all deaths in under-5s<br />
globally (one <strong>of</strong> the indica<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> G4) were as a<br />
result <strong>of</strong> malaria (one <strong>of</strong> the indica<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>of</strong> G6), and<br />
<strong>Nigeria</strong> alone contributes 24% <strong>of</strong> the global<br />
incidence <strong>of</strong> this.<br />
In addition, malaria causes anaemia in pregnant<br />
women, low birth weight and preterm births that<br />
can be associated with Goal 1. Also, all structures<br />
and programmes set up for Goals 4 and 5 can also<br />
serve as a platform for the achievement <strong>of</strong> Goal 6.<br />
The Health-Related Goals, Targets and Indica<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality<br />
Targets: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015,<br />
the under five –mortality rate<br />
Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />
Under 5 mortality ratio<br />
Infant mortality rate<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> 1-year old children immunised against<br />
measles<br />
Goal 5: Improve maternal health care<br />
Targets: Reduce 3/4s between 1990 and 2015, the<br />
maternal mortality ratio<br />
Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />
Maternal mortality rate<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> birth attended by skilled health<br />
personnel<br />
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other<br />
diseases<br />
Targets: 1. Have halted by 2015 and begun <strong>to</strong> reverse<br />
the spread <strong>of</strong> HIV/AIDS<br />
2. Have halted by 2015 and begun <strong>to</strong> reverse the<br />
incidence <strong>of</strong> malaria and other diseases<br />
Indica<strong>to</strong>rs:<br />
HIV prevalence among 15-<strong>to</strong>-24-year-old pregnant<br />
women; Condom use rate <strong>of</strong> the contraceptive<br />
prevalence rate; Condom use at last high risk sex;<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> population aged 15-24 years with<br />
comprehensive correct knowledge <strong>of</strong> HIV/AIDS;<br />
Contraceptive prevalence rate; Ratio <strong>of</strong> school<br />
attendance <strong>of</strong> orphans <strong>to</strong> school attendance <strong>of</strong> nonorphans<br />
aged 10-14 years; Prevalence and death rates<br />
associated with malaria; Proportion <strong>of</strong> population in<br />
malaria risk areas using effective malaria prevention and<br />
treatment measures; Prevalence and death rates<br />
associated with tuberculosis; Proportion <strong>of</strong> tuberculosis<br />
cases detected and cured under directly observed<br />
treatment short course.<br />
Since these health-related goals are intertwined,<br />
adequate caveat is needed in an effort <strong>to</strong> isolate<br />
the goals <strong>to</strong> give accounts <strong>of</strong> their relative<br />
contributions in respect <strong>to</strong> their set benchmarks<br />
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