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ICDs and CRTs for Dummies

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Cardiac Dyssynchrony<br />

Effects of Abnormal Activation Sequences<br />

• atrioventricular asynchrony<br />

• negative LA - LV: LA contraction against closed MV<br />

• long LA - LV: late diastolic MR decreases LV filling time<br />

• interventricular asynchrony<br />

• decreased LV filling time<br />

• septum recruited to RV ejection<br />

• intraventricular asynchrony<br />

• some LV contraction be<strong>for</strong>e aortic valve opening<br />

• some LV contraction after aortic valve closure<br />

• wasted work stretching noncontracting regions<br />

• uncoordinated papillary muscles leads to MR<br />

• decreased diastolic LV filling time<br />

• intramural asynchrony<br />

• contraction is non-transmural

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