Nutritional Content Analysis on Rehabilitating Orangutan (Pongo ...
Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus)
at Tanjung Puting National Park,
Central Borneo, Indonesia
Bainah Sari Dewi
Geographical dispersion of orangutan .Cross hatching shows the
current distribution of Orangutans limited to parts of the Islands
of Sumatra and Borneo. The insert shows Probable distribution of
orangutans during the Pleistocene epoch
The ditribution of orangutan
2. Study Area
Where is rehabilitation centre for orangutan in Tanjung PutingNational Park ? The map shows TanjungPutingNational Park
How many is the the scale of rehabilitating area?
Introduction
Orangutan (Pongo pigmaeus) is an
extinct primate animal. Its status as
the extinct animal requires more
intensive treatment to maintain their
existence in Indonesia especially at
Tanjung Puting National Park.
It is necessary that the rehabilitating
methods for infants who lost the
parents should be established. We
must the a lot of data to keep their
development and well conditions.
Therefore, it is important to clarify the
energy requirement and the food
nutritional contents, and then establish
the supplemental feeding methods.
Method 1
To estimate the quantitative nutritional
content
Measuring 35 orangutan`s body weight
By estimating the adequate nutritional
for orangutan using Fowler`s formula
1.5 MEC (Metabolic Energy Coefficient)
= 1.5 x Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Method 2
Converting its nutritional needed (protein,
fat, vitamins and minerals) in to the
Recommended Nutrition Intake for human
the information of how many grams
bananas, pineapples, milk, cerelac and
sugar had been consumed
estimating their nutritional content
based on Indonesian List of Food
The evaluation of the food cost per day or
the consumption cost for each age class to
progress orangutan and their habitat.
Intake
Foods
Foods
analysis
Method 3
Flow chart of Investigation
Consumption
Energy
Evaluation
Body
Weight
W 0.75
Energy
requirement
The Result : Name of Orangutan
15
4.5
infant
male
Ijuh
9.
6
4.5
child
male
Doyak
8.
7
4
child
male
Darmono
7.
5
2.5
infant
fem ale
Budi
6.
5
2.5
infant
female
Alui
5.
5
3
infant
female
Davida
4.
3
1
infant
female
Rosmeri
3.
5
2
infant
male
Pangeran
2.
4
2.5
infant
male
Pramanu
1.
Weight
Age
Rasio
Sex
Name
No
25
8
juvenile
male
Tosido
18
20
7
juvenile
female
Pangkot
17
20
5
child
female
Tata
16
20
5.5
child
female
Purwasih
15
20
5
child
female
Mindolin
14
15
6
child
male
Urol
13
20
6
child
male
Mochtar
12
15
3.5
child
male
Luna
11
12
3
child
male
Nyoman
10
Weight
Age
Rasio
Sex
Name
No
50
18
adult
male
Tom
27
40
13
adult
male
Tanggo
26
35
10
adult
male
Klombang
25
35
10
adult
male
Anhar
24
25
7
juvenile
female
Peta
23
25
7.5
juvenile
female
Emmy
22
24
7
juvenile
female
Molina
21
27
7
juvenile
female
Korin
20
20
6.5
juvenile
female
Linda
19
Weight
Age
Rasio
Sex
Name
No
50
20
adult
female
Unyuk
35
35
28
adult
female
Tutu
34
30
27
adult
female
Rani
33
40
22
adult
female
Princess
32
40
21
adult
female
Davida
31
35
18
adult
female
Rosmeri
30
100
27
adult
male
Kosasih
29
70
18
adult
male
Uranus
28
Weight
Age
Rasio
Sex
Name
No
Body weight(kg)
100
80
60
40
20
0
Result 1
Juvenile
Sexual dim orphism of orangutan
Infant-child
Male adult
Female adult
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age(year)
male
fem ale
Kcal
Result 2
The nutritional content needed by each
orangutan per day at Tanjung Puting
National Park
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
e
cons
e
need
infant/ child
juvenile
adult
Food Consumption and Nutrient
content per day per classes
Body Weight
Infant-Child 4-20 kg
Juvenile
20-27 kg
Adult
30-100 kg
MEC
160-662
662-829
897-2214
1.5 MEC
240-993
993-1174
1346-3320
% MEC
127-530
88-110
20-49
% 1.5
MEC
85-353
59-73
13-32
Food Consumption and Nutrient
content per day per classes
0
490.
48
138
0.46
747.5
1.73
63.
25
92
1.7
3
3.45
78.7
1.15
2.30
299
Nd
575
0
784.
76
220.
8
0.74
1196
2.76
101
147
2.7
6
5.52
126
1.84
3.68
494
Nr
920
0
333.
52
93.8
4
0.31
508
1.17
43.
62.
56
1.1
7
2.35
53.5
7
0.78
1.56
230
Nba
391
53
85.3
24
0.08
130
0.3
11
16
0.3
0.6
13.7
0.2
0.4
52
N
100
104.
4
99.6
5.6
0.1
361.6
0.9
31.
2
10.
9
1
0.3
35.8
0.2
1.7
136
Pd
123
179
170
9.7
0.1
620
1.5
53.
5
18
1.7
2.1
61
0.4
2.9
234
Pr
211
78.3
74.7
4.2
0
271
0.6
23
8.2
0.7
2.5
26.8
0.2
1.3
102
Pba
92
Bd
84.7
Ai
80.8
C
4.57
B1
0.05
A
1293
B
0.69
Ph
25
Ca
8.8
Ab
0.8
S
0.27
K
29.
L
0.2
P
1.37
e
111
P
/100
dba
28
cba
12
Gba
125
tba
tr
td
64.1
2
25.2
6
450
845.
3
728.
7
435.
8
2.97
0.96
0
6.79
6.58
4
2.49
0.55
0
4.02
2.24
1.35
7.50
4.15
0
92.0
2
187.
4
114.
58
0
0.15
0
5
7.62
3.75
0.6
6
0.2
3
0
2.7
6
4.4
6
2.7
3
106
.4
38.
21
0
215
.37
166
.12
102
.9
1109.
4
Add: P:banana, Pba: bananas for infant-child, Pr:bananas for juvenile,
Pd:bananas for adult, N:pineapple, Nba:pineapples for infant-child,
Nr:pineapples for juvenile, Nd:pineapples for adult, dba:ddancow milk for infantchild,
cba: cerelag for invant child, gba:sugar for infant-child, tba:total infant-child
nutrient, tr:total juvenile nutrient, td: total adult nutrient
86.
8
25.
26
0
178
.47
154
.7
94.
45
1.27
0.62
0
3.66
4.26
2.63
210
92.39
0
1082.
1
1816.
9
0.04
0.05
0
0.4
0.84
0.56
5.74
3.07
0
106.
85
230.
5
143.
6
0.42
0.15
408.
79
955.
56
590.
08
0
0
0
78.3
179.
1
104.
4
The comparison of nutritional
requirement for infant child, juvenile,
and adult orangutans
1. Infant-child class
exceeded 37 %
2. Juvenile class
lacked of 35 % of their needs
3. Adult class
lacked of 76 % of their needs
Discussion
1. The rehabilitating area in Centre
Rehabilitating Orangutan at Tanjung
Puting give the opportunity for orangutan
to grow up by themselves and reproduce.
On the first step at rehabilitation, Forest
Ranger always take care and helpful for
orangutan. As the new comer become
adaptation for the new habitat, they are
keeping in their ecological behaviors.
2. Supplemental feeding costs per day for
orangutan were infant-child 137 %,
juvenile 65 % and adult 24 %. The
dependent rate for natural foods of infantchild
is very low, juvenile is middle and
adult is high. Its suggests that the
orangutan adapted step by step for
natural conditions, as they growth.
3. I must determine juvenile and adult
orangutan`s foods in the forests. And then
I research the nutritional contents,
seasonal changes in their body weight and
the nutritional capacity in the forests.
4. I hope that Forest Ranger do not supply the
supplemental foods again for juvenile and
adult, because they have to take their life by
themselves.
Firstly, we have to gain the social
consensus for orangutan conservation.
Second step, we have to become good
natural habitat for orangutan.
Now, natural forest at Tanjung Puting
National Park are poor habitat for
orangutan`s life. There are many illegal
logging and human activities. I think that we
can conserve the orangutan if the area at
Tanjung Puting National Park will be increase
on the large scale and sustain the area with
the preference foods for orangutan.
5 a. The density of orangutan is low at
Tanjung Puting, one or two
individuals per two square
kilometers in most area.
b. Most field researchers have noticed that at the
time of fruiting of durian, orangutan assemble
in the durian tree in large numbers. It is
certainly an indication of it being a favorite for
the orangutan palate.
The fruiting season for the durian is actually
rather long, from August through to December
and peaking in the month of October.
This implies that every individual territory
might contain one durian tree that the territory
was chosen perhaps because of its presence.
Arigatou
Gozaimashita
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