Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge - USFWS Alaska Region - U.S. Fish ...

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Water Quality continuous water temperature data are collected throughout the year. Field measurements of water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and dissolved oxygen are also observed at Kalutna River, Nabesna River, and Mirror Creek. Data collection will occur over a six year period (2005 to 2010). A three year macroinvertebrate and diatom survey on Desper, Gardiner, and Scottie Creeks will begin in 2007 and be conducted by the University of Alaska Anchorage Environment and Natural Resources Institute (UAA ENRI). Owing to their taxonomic and morphological diversity, aquatic invertebrates have proven to be effective indicators of environmental conditions in water bodies. Changes in biodiversity are often linked to changes in habitat quality/complexity, pollution loads, and nutrient status. Additionally, changes in invertebrate taxonomic composition can be diagnostic of specific changes occurring in the stream ecosystem. The use of multiple biological assemblages (i.e., fish, macroinvertebrates, and/or algae) in aquatic monitoring programs can enhance the ability to detect and diagnose ecological impairment. These biological studies will be incorporated with the water quality and quantity data that the Water Resources Branch is collecting. The Chisana and Nabesna rivers on the Tetlin NWR. Contaminant Assessment USFWS 39
Recreation USFWS 40 Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge Hunting and fishing Birds, especially waterfowl, are susceptible to lead poisoning from shot and lead poisoning has been documented in spectacled and common eiders on the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge [17, 18, 19]. Waterfowl, upland game birds, and big game hunting in TNWR is enjoyed by many. A federal ban on lead shot for waterfowl has been in effect since 1991 however, lead shot is still available for upland game hunting and may be used at times on the Refuge. People also visit the Refuge to enjoy the sport fishing opportunities and residual lead from fishing weights and jigs may pose potential contamination issues. In areas of high fishing pressure some states have implemented restrictions on lead use for fishing to help alleviate lead toxicity from fishing gear. Additionally, the Service has established leadfree fishing areas in a number of National Wildlife Refuges and Waterfowl Production Areas. (http://policy.fws.gov/ library/99fr43834.pdf). Recreational Vehicles Primary access to the Refuge is via the Alaska Highway. Access to the interior of the refuge is limited to watercraft, small ski/float equipped airplane, foot travel or snowmachine. Snow machines may only provide access to remote areas when snow cover is sufficient; ATVs are restricted to established roads. Although emissions from two-stroke engines are higher than four-stroke engines, it is unlikely that these vehicles pose significant air quality issues. However, the EPA estimates that one hour of operation by a 70horsepower two-stroke motor emits the same amount of hydrocarbon pollution as driving 5,000 miles in the average automobile. A snowmachiner on TNWR during adequate snow cover.
Page 1 and 2: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Tetlin
Page 3 and 4: Executive Summary The purpose of th
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Physical Transpor
Page 7 and 8: Acronyms and Abbreviations AAC Alas
Page 9 and 10: viii Tetlin National Wildlife Refug
Page 11 and 12: Contaminant Assessment Process 2 Te
Page 13 and 14: Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge 4 T
Page 19 and 20: Contaminant Sources and Issues 10 T
Page 21 and 22: Formerly Used Defense Sites 12 Tetl
Page 23 and 24: Formerly Used Defense Sites Lake in
Page 25 and 26: Formerly Used Defense Sites CANOL p
Page 27 and 28: Formerly Used Defense Sites A porti
Page 29 and 30: Formerly Used Defense Sites The pip
Page 31 and 32: Formerly Used Defense Sites 22 Tetl
Page 33 and 34: Same Formerly as the Used text Defe
Page 35 and 36: Landfill A recently used shooting r
Page 37 and 38: Alaska Highway Seaton Pond in early
Page 39 and 40: Alaska Same as Highway the text hea
Page 41 and 42: Scotty Creek Flats near the northea
Page 43 and 44: Camps and Cabins 34 Tetlin National
Page 45 and 46: Mining Sedimentation of lake on Yel
Page 47: Same as the text heading Water Qual
Page 51 and 52: Conclusions The Tetlin National Wil
Page 53 and 54: References 44 Tetlin National Wildl
Page 55: Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge P.O

Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge - USFWS Alaska Region - U.S. Fish ...

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