K. This is the 1st working draft of vol. VI. It still ... - From Marx to Mao

ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL PROBLEMS IN THE ANTI-JAPONESE WAR
duction by government organs is also included in this. For example,
the personnel working in the various departments and offices of the
Border Region Government run agricultural, handicraft and commercial
undertakings. These directly supplement deficiencies in the
running-expenses of the organs and in clothing, bedding and food
for the personnel. By contrast the salt industry, industry and agriculture
established as government enterprises are not intended to
provide running-expenses but to meet the needs of the whole Party,
government and army.
In Yanan and the Border Region, the official organizations of
the Party and government, leading organs of the mass organizations
and many schools have pursued agriculture industry and commerce
FROM MARX
TO MAO
under the slogans “set-to ourselves” and “self-reliance”. This is a
⋆
broad mass-movement, and it has solved many big problems of finance
and supply. It is only just second to the army’s production
and it is worth our while to sum up its experience carefully, to point
out its achievements and shortcomings and to determine the workplan
for 1943.
The army’s production movement began in 1938 and gained some
experience. In 1939 we spread this experience into all official organizations
and schools. In February 1939 we held a Production Mobilization
Conference. We organized production committees to be
leading organs for the NOT production movement FOR and we stipulated different
production tasks according to the different circumstances of
the work and study of each official organization and school and the
strength of their labour COMMERCIAL
form. For example, we laid down that working
personnel in districts and townships should be fully self-sufficient
in grain, and other organizations from the centre down to the
county should be either one-half or one-third self-sufficient according
to the strength DISTRIBUTION
and size of their labour force. In total we asked
them to open up 100,200 mou of land and to harvest 13,000 tan of
hulled grain. Besides this we decided that all official organizations
and schools should be entirely self-sufficient in vegetables, should
raise pigs for meat and should use the straw from their crops to provide
part of the fodder for horses. At the time there were roughly
200,000 people in the official organizations and schools of the whole
Border Region. We issued average production expenses of 2.60 yuan
per head, a total of offer 49,000 yuan. This provided capital to buy
plough-oxen and agricultural tools. After they had found land and
bought oxen and tools everyone was mobilized for the spring plough-
431