Indian Airlines Hijacking - Visual Analysis

Abdul Latif
Mumbai (India)
Reported as "KingPin" in India
Abdul Latif reportedly trained in Pakistan &
Afghanistan
One of the persons arrested in this
connection, Abdul Latif reportedly underwent
intensive training in camps in Pakistan and in
Afghanistan as per a statement given by the
Indian Home Minister in 6 January 2000.
'Chief' Athar
Aeroplane 1
Shaqir ('Shankar')
JAISH-E-MOHAMMED (JEM) PROFILE
Army of Mohammed
Other Names/Aliases:
Jaish-e-Mohammad Mujahideen E-Tanzeem, Mohammed's Army.
JEM changed its name to Tehrik-al-Furqan (TAF) on 7 October 2001
and then to Khadam-e-Islam in 2002 sometime after the group was
banned by the Pakistani Government on 12 January 2002.
Country: Pakistan
Abdul Latif and Athar to Calcutta
Abdul Latif escorted Athar on 1
November 1999 from Mumbai
to Calcutta by air
, to New Jalpaiguri by train and
from there to Kathmandu
(Nepal) by bus
1st November 1999
INSTITUTE OF DEFENCE & STRATEGIC ST
International Centre for Political Violence & Terrorism Research
Nanyang Technological University
Air Tickets purchased
From the data retrieved from the Computers of the Royal Nepal
Airlines linked to the travel agents, the investigators found that
on 13 December three passengers had bought their tickets
together from Everest Travels and Tours, located near Nepal
King Birendra's palace for travel on 27 December. Two business
class tickets were brought from the Gorkha Travel Agency on the
same day. However on the same day the journey date for all 5
tickets were advanced to December 24. It was also found that
none of the five had booked any luggage.
13/12/1999 12:00:00 AM
Abdul Latif & Shaqir to Kathmandu
Abdul Latif took Shaqir
('Shankar') by train to
Gorakhpur and further to
Kathmandu by bus.
1st December 1999
Abdul Latif to Kathmandu and return
On 17 December Abdul Latif
flew to Kathmandu and
returned later by train.
17th December 1999
Aircraft takes off
IC-814 takes off for New Delhi
from Tribhuvan International
Airport, over an hour behind
schedule. On board are 178
passengers -- 154 Indians,
eight Nepalese, four Swiss,
four Spaniards, two French, a
Japanese, a Canadian, a
Belgian, an Australian, an
Italian and an American -- and
11 crew. Half an hour later, as
tea is served, five men
announce they have hijacked
the plane.
24/12/1999 4:15:00 PM
Aircraft hijacked
Half an hour after takeoff
as tea is served, five men
announce they have
hijacked the plane.
24/12/1999 4:45:00 PM
Hijackers control passengers
Flies over the city on its way to Lahore.
Passengers have been ordered to keep
their heads bowed and not look at the
hijackers. Men are being brought up front
while women have been ordered to the
rear. Flight reaches Lahore but permission
to land refused. Fuel is running low. Turns
back towards Amritsar.
24/12/1999 w
Maulana Masood Azhar – Amir (Chief) Maulana Mohammad Yousuf Ludhianvi
Maulana Masood Azhar, who comes from a rich land-owning family in Pakistan, received his Islamic education at
Jamia Uloom-i-Islami at the Binori Mosque near Karachi. Binori mosque madrassa was one of the most important
and the most active centers known for imparting military training by serving and retired officers of the
Pakistan Army. Azhar passed the almia (Islamic) examination in 1989. Jamia Islamia had on its rolls Arab
nationals, Sudanese and Bangladeshis, apart from Pakistanis. All of them believed in the Deobandi ideology,
and many were recruited for the Afghan jihad. While at Jamia Islamia Azhar was influenced by the work of
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HUM) leaders in the Afghanistan jihad. Azhar met Maulana Fazal-ul-Rahman Khalil, the
Amir (Chief) of the HUM, who invited him to participate in tarbiat (training) at Yavar, in Afghanistan.
Later Rahman asked him to bring out a monthly magazine for the HUM. From around August 1989, Azhar started
bringing out Sada-i-Mujahid (Knock of the Mujahideen) which were distributed free at public meetings and
Friday prayers.
After the formation of the Harkat-ul-Ansar ( HUA)by merging the Harkat-ul-Jehad Islami (HUJI) and HUM in 1994,
Azhar became its general secretary and was told to visit Kashmir to ensure union among the chief commanders of
both outfits in Kashmir, ascertain the ground position, boost morale of cadre, and resolve any differences
between HUJI and HUM. Azhar landed in Delhi by a Bangladesh Biman flight that arrived from Dhaka early on the
morning of 29 January 1994 traveling on a Portuguese passport.
Diverted to Lahore (Pakistan)
Diverted by hijackers towards
Lahore (Pakistan) however Lahore
Airport authorities refused to
permit the aircraft to land.
Maulana Mohammad Yousuf Ludhianvi of the Binori mosque was reportedly “the supreme leader of the JEM,” until his
assassination on 18 May 2000 while Azhar was the Chief Commander. Maulana Ludhianvi was also described as the
Chief Commander of the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) and a member of bin Laden's International Islamic Front.
It was Maulana Yousuf Ludhianvi, who had organized the hijacking of the Indian Airlines plane to Kandahar to
secure the release of Azhar.
Pakistan allows landing
Pakistan allows landing after
New Delhi makes a request.
Plane is refuelled. Takes off
for Oman. Permission to land
in Muscat refused. Heads for
Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Aircraft diverted to Amristar (India)
Aircraft diverted to Amristar
(India) where it landed.
Hijackers demanded the
aircraft is refuelled.
Objectives
Unknown "official" orders aircraft is refuelled
Someone who claims he is from the home
ministry orders the air traffic control to refuel
the plane over telephone.
24/12/1999 7:01:00 PM
Jaish-e-Mohammad intends to liberate Kashmir from India and unite it with Pakistan. Its o
the 'destruction' of America and India. Like the HUM, the HUJI and the Lashkar –e-Toiba
and Kashmir as the gateway to India and retains the ambition to liberate Muslims in other
the liberation of Kashmir, in the subsequent phase of its jihad. For this purpose it aims to
of various Kahmiri militant groups. Its agenda on jihad also includes taking control of th
Ayodhya in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and other religious sites in Amritsar in Punjab a
JEM believes in broadening the struggle by taking the battle to the people of India. Its s
carrying out attacks deep inside India rather than focusing only on Kashmir.

IC STUDIES
search
"official" orders aircraft is refuelled
eone who claims he is from the home
ry orders the air traffic control to refuel
the plane over telephone.
24/12/1999 7:01:00 PM
om India and unite it with Pakistan. Its objectives also include
UM, the HUJI and the Lashkar –e-Toiba (LET), JEM projects Jammu
the ambition to liberate Muslims in other parts of India after
e of its jihad. For this purpose it aims to work for unification
jihad also includes taking control of the Babri Masjid in
er religious sites in Amritsar in Punjab and New Delhi.
g the battle to the people of India. Its strategy also envisions
n focusing only on Kashmir.
Male passengers stabbed, aircraft departs
Cabinet Secreatary calls to advise the plane
should not be refuelled. The hijackers start
stabbing selected male passengers. Rupin
Katyal, a 25-year-old honeymooner, dies.
Plane takes off with fuel for just 30 minutes.
Heading is for Lahore (Pakistan).
24/12/1999 7:06:00 PM
Aircraft departs
Aircraft leaves for
Kabul. Destination
changed to Kandahar
en route.
25/12/1999 8:01:00 AM
History and Development
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) is a relatively new organisation but has turned out to be amongst the deadliest terrorist outfits
operating in South Asia. JEM was officially launched on 31 January 2000 by Maulana Masood Azhar in Karachi in Pakistan
after he was released by Indian authorities as part of the terrorists for hostage swap of 31 December 1999 following
the hijacking of the Indian Airlines Flight 814. Prior to the formation of JEM, Maulana Masood Azhar was the general
secretary of the Harkat-ul-Ansar (HUA) which was formed in 1994 by the merger of Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HUM) and
Harkar-ul-Jihad Islami (HUJI). Azhar was on a mission in Jammu and Kashmir under pseudonym Essa Bin Adam on a Portuguese
passport when he was arrested by the Indian security forces. It was HUA, which planned and executed the hijacking of
the Indian Airlines flight. The hijackers involved were Ibrahim Athar, (brother of Masood Azhar) , Shahid Akhtar Sayed,
Sunny Ahmed Qazi, Mistri Zahoor Ibrahim, Shakir, all from Pakistan. When Azhar was released, the HUA had already
been included in the US list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), which compelled its constituent groups to
resume their pre-merger identities as HUM and HUJI. However, Masood Azhar decided to float a new outfit, primarily
due to differences with Fazlur Rahman Khalil, the chief of HUM, over management of funds. Khalil was also getting
increasingly uncomfortable with Azhar’s strong and virulent anti-Shia tendencies. Azhar announced the formation of
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) from the Darul Uloom Islamia Binori Town mosque in Karachi, one of the largest religious
seminaries in Pakistan and one of the most influential centres of hard-line Deobandi Sunni Muslim ideology in the
world. Near about three quarters of Harakat ul-Mujahedin (HUM) members defected to the new organization.
The formation of the outfit was endorsed by three religious school chiefs in Pakistan, namely, Mufti Nizamuddin Shamzai
THE HIJACKING OF IC - 814
Al Qaeda, Taliban and Pakistani Factor
Aircraft lands at Lahore (Pakistan)
India persuaded the Pakistani authorities to
permit the aircraft to land. The aircraft nearly
crash-landed and was surrounded by Pakistani
commandos. It was refueled and headed for
Kabul
Aircraft refuelled
It was refueled and headed for Kabul. But
because of the lack of night-landing facilities
there, and later, at Kandahar, the plane was
diverted towards Dubai. It finally landed at the
Al-Minhat air force base
Group Affiliations
25 passengers released
. The hijackers demanded food,
medicines and a step ladder. The
UAE officials agreed to negotiate if
the women and children are
allowed to disembark. The
hijackers released 25 passengers,
and allowed the body of Katyal to
be released to the UAE
authorities.
25/12/1999 w
After its formation in January 2000, JEM reportedly became a member of the Army of Islam, a clandestine group
raised in Pakistan with support of the official establishment to fight against the Soviet troops in Afghanistan
during the anti-Soviet jihad. Under this umbrella organization JEM maintained links with Harakat ul-Mujahedin (HUM),
Lashkar-e-Toiba (LET) Al Badr, and Al Qaeda.
Jamaat-i Ulema-i Islam (JUI-F)
JUI-F is a mainstream radical and reportedly pro-Taliban political party in Pakistan. JUI-F chief, Maulana Fazlur
Rahaman was a personal friend of Mullah Omar and bin Laden. Maulana Masood Azhar, the chief of JEM maintains extensive
contacts with Maulana Fazlur Rahaman.
Lashkar-e-Omar:
Lashkar-e-Omar is believed to be a clandestine conglomerate of 3 militants groups- Harkar-ul-Jihad Islami (HUJI),
Harkat-ul Mujhahideen (HUM) and JEM which surfaced in 2002 in Pakistan.
Al Qaeda:
JEM leader, Maulana Masood Azhar reportedly fought along with Al Qaeda against the US troops in Somalia in 1994 and
had participated in the training of Al Qaeda's supporters in Yemen. Many of the HUM cadres who joined JEM received
training in the camps set in Afghanistan by Al Qaeda, especially in Rishkhor near Kabul. When the US led coalition’s
Meeting 9
On the morning of 25 December 1999, the
flight took off from Dubai for Afghanistan and
landed at the Kandahar airport at 0855 hrs.
The hijackers demanded the release Mohammad
Masood Azhar along with 35 other jailed
terrorists and US $200 million and that the
body of Harkat-ul-Ansar chief in Jammu &
Kashmir Sajjad Afghani be exhumed and the
coffin be handed over to them for the release
of 154 hostages. Later they dropped their
demands for a $200 million ransom and the
exhumed remains.
25/12/1999 w
Aircraft lands, first demands issued
Lands at 0833. Hijackers make
their first demand. They want
Maulana Masood Azhar, a
militant in Indian custody,
released. Erick de Mul, a UN
official based in Islamabad,
flies to Kandahar on a
'humanitarian' mission.
26/12/1999 8:33:00 AM
Area of Operation
Passenger Anil Khurana is released
Anil Khurana, a sick passenger, is released.
26/12/1999 3:41:00 PM
JEM is based in Peshawar and Muzaffarabad, (Pakistan). The group, however conducts terrorist activities and operations
primarily in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The only instance of its operations outside Jammu and Kashmir has
been the 13 December, 2001 attack against the Indian Parliament in New Delhi. JEM maintained training camps in
Afghanistan and reportedly ran bases in Azad Kashmir (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir), Pakistan, and India's Doda and southern
regions in Jammu and Kashmir.
JEM maintained offices in Pakistan and in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK) and in some areas of Jammu and Kashmir in
India. As per the information compiled by Indian intelligence sources, the central office of the JEM, which was earlier
in Islamabad , has now been shifted to Bahawalpur.
Old Address:
House No. 868, I-10/4,
Main Road,
Near Kalid Hospital Stop,
Islamabad.
Ph. No. 051-4432400
New Address:
Plane refuelled.
1621: Afghanistan says it will not
allow any military operation to
rescue hostages. Plane is
refuelled.
26/12/1999 4:21:00 PM
Unknown Associate
in Pakistan
Latif was
instructed to call
London Television
Correspondent
Radio contact with hijackers
An Indian diplomat
makes radio contact
with the hijackers.
27/12/1999 1:40:00 PM
Organizational/Command Structure
Jaish-e-Mohammad maintains a centralized hierarchical structure. It has a network of organizing units in v
such as Punjab, Karachi, Rawalpindi, Gujjarkhan etc. The head of the JEM is Amir. There are functional de
the ones responsible for propaganda, Finance, Military Affairs, POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) Affairs an
It has sector commands (different territories organized as sectors) and camps (training/logistics) each ma
commanders.
As per the last available information, the organizational/command system of JEM was structured around th
office bearers located at its headquarters in Pakistan:
Maulana Masood Azhar – Amir (Chief)
Conditions on aircraft
deteriorate
Hostages given
breakfast. Condition
aboard plane, which is
ready for take off but
leaking oil,deteriorates.
27/12/1999 10:12:00 AM
Maulana Qari Mansoor Ahmed – Nazim, Propaganda Wing
Maulana Abdul Jabbar – Nazim, Military Affairs (Former Nazim Military Affairs, (HuM)
Maulana Sajjad Usman – In-charge, Finance (Former HuM Nazim Finance)
Mufti Mohammad Uwais Kashmiri- In-charge POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) Affairs

Radio contact with hijackers
An Indian diplomat
makes radio contact
with the hijackers.
27/12/1999 1:40:00 PM
called
arrested
Arrested
arrested
The call was intercepted which led to the arrest in Mumbai
of accomplice Abdul Latif (who received the call),
Mohammed Rehan, Mohammed Iqbal (both Pakistanis)
and Yusuf Nepali, a citizen of Nepal.
arrested
arrested
arrested
Kumar Bhugel
Harkat-ul-Ansar (HUA)
d Structure Financial
Training
Operational
It has a network of organizing units in various provinces
the JEM is Amir. There are functional departments such as
K (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) Affairs and publications.
) and camps (training/logistics) each manned by launching
system of JEM was structured around the following prominent
itary Affairs, (HuM)
Finance)
14
tors
ied Kashmir) Affairs
Hijackers threaten to kill
hostages
Hijacking date advanced 3
days
Hijackers threaten to
kill hostages if their
demand is not met by
1234 hours.
27/12/1999 11:34:00 AM
The date of the
hijacking originally
planned for 27
December was
advanced by three
days.
27/12/1999 12:00:00 PM
Hjijackers deadline
The deadline
passes without
incident.
27/12/1999 12:34:00
PM
Source of Supply:
Indian Officials arrive Kandahar.
Indian officials arrive in
Kandahar.
27/12/1999 6:32:00 PM
Direct negotiations with
hijacker commence
They begin their first
direct talks with the
hijackers, which
continue into the
early hours of
Tuesday.
27/12/1999 10:56:00 PM
Most of the JEM's material resources (weapons etc) have been drawn from the militant groups Harakat ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI)
and the Harakat ul-Mujahedin (HUM). Most of the JEM's cadre belonged to Harakat ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) and the Harakat
ul-Mujahedin (HUM).
India has claimed that Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence pays JEM militants, with the recruits being paid approximately
$8,500 - $10,630 over a two-year period, half of which is paid in advance to a recruit's family, with the rest collected
upon completion of contract. Pakistan, however had denied such charges.
Al Rasheed Trust, one of the many ostensibly humanitarian relief organizations, which received extensive financial backing
from some Western and Saudi intelligence agencies during the Afghan jihad was suspected to be a funding source for the group.
The Al-Rasheed Trust is based in Karachi, Pakistan, and was originally set up as a welfare organisation. In the 1980s,
it was co-opted to channel Saudi Arabian funds to Afghan mujahideen. The trust paid compensation to the families of those
killed in the Afghan 'jihad'. After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, the Trust's focus shifted to Kashmir in India
to finance insurgency in that state. When Maulana Masood Azhar was released in December 1999, he was put in charge of
handling the Trust's assets. Though Azhar maintained the Trust's links with the Taliban, he expanded the concept of jihad
to include Kashmir. The Trust has openly funded Kashmiri mujahideen and paid compensation to their families.
Telephone calls from hijacked aircraft lead to arrests
On 29 December, the hijackers contacted one of their associates in Pakistan who in
turn called a Mumbai (India) number. The accomplice in Mumbai was told to inform a
television correspondent in London to put out the news that the plane would be blown
up if the demands were not met. The call was intercepted which led to the arrest in
Mumbai of accomplice Abdul Latif (who received the call), Mohammed Rehan,
Mohammed Iqbal (both Pakistanis) and Yusuf Nepali, a citizen of Nepal. Latif apparently
was the kingpin at the Indian end, having escorted 'Chief' Athar on 1 November 1999
from Mumbai to Calcutta by air, to New Jalpaiguri by train and from there to
Kathmandu (Nepal) by bus. Exactly a month later he took Shaqir ('Shankar') by train to
Gorakhpur and further to Kathmandu by bus. Then on 17 December he flew to
Kathmandu and returned later by train. The date of the hijacking originally planned for
27 December was advanced by three days.
29/12/1999 12:00:00 PM
Military Capability
Hijackers reduce demands
India begins fourth round
of negotiation.
Hijackers drop demand for
money and return of slain
militant's body.
29/12/1999 4:06:00 PM
Mohammed Rehan
Pakistani
Mohammed Iqba
Pakistani
Yusuf Nepali
Nepalese
allegedly
supplied
weapons
JEM has several hundred armed cadres located in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, (POK), and in India's southern Kashmir and Doda regions.
Following Maulana Masood Azhar's release from detention in India, three quarters of Harakat ul-Mujahedin (HUM) members reportedly
defected to the new organization. JEM has also managed to attract a large number of urban Kashmiri youth from Indian state of
Jammu and Kashmir. Its cadre also include Afghans and Arab veterans of the Afghan war. The group uses light and heavy
machineguns, assault rifles, mortars, improvised explosive devices, and rocket grenades. As revealed from many of its high
profile attacks, i.e. October 2001 attacks against the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly and December 2001 attacks against
the Indian Parliament, the group is capable of planning, coordinating and executing operations involving sensitive and even
highly protected targets. This has been a factor of the level of training that the group members received in Afghan Training camps.
The group appears to be well versed in using modern information systems like mobile/satellite phones, Internet etc for communication.
In a statement issued in Srinagar on 4 February 2002, a JEM spokesperson asserted that the group has in its possession as much
ammunition as was required to fight against India for next five years.
Indian security forces believe that the JEM, with its small but committed network, was capable of daring attacks both under
day and night conditions.
Afroz
Account in Bombay
user of
Negotiations almost breakdown
"Intense round" of direct talks nearly
breaks down completely. Additional Taleban
troops surround plane. But talks are
resumed later.
Another sick hostage is released. He
returns to plane after treatment.
External Affairs Minister Jaswant Singh
says talks are "extremely delicately
poised."
30/12/1999 2:00:00 AM
Afroz receives flight training
Afroz clocked 100 hours of flying in the
southern city of Melbourne in Australia
on a single engine twin-seat Cessna
152 and Piped Warrior 28 planes
between August 1997 and 1998. He
returned to Bombay in 1998.
Indian investigators believe that Afroz's
family was too poor to pay for the more
than $100,000 in fees needed for the
classes. They believe that the cost of
Afroz's training in Melbourne was borne
by the Student's Islamic Movement of
India (SIMI) SIMI a banned Indian
group linked to many high profile
attacks in India
Maulana Mansur Ilyas
ANZ Grindlays Bank account in New Delhi
sent
US $ 20000
Investigators also traced remittance of
about a million Indian rupees (about US $
20000) to Afroz's account in Bombay from
an ANZ Grindlays Bank account in New
Delhi.
received
Hijackers leave airport in vehicle
Though India accused that all the hijackers were
Pakistanis and went back to Pakistan after they were
released from the custody of the Taliban, Pakistan had
vehemently refuted the charges. Reappearing in Karachi
Massod Azhar gave an account of what happened after
the vehicle carrying the hijackers, the three freed
prisoners and a hostage from Afghanistan's ruling
Taliban militia left Kandahar airport on December 31.
"The hijackers said, 'You don't know us. We have never
met. We are from India, and we respect you and admire
you but we cannot take off our masks." Azhar also said
that all three including Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar, and
Ahmed Umar Saeed Sheikh, crossed together into
Pakistan from Afghanistan. But the hijackers released
the Taliban hostage -- taken to guarantee their safe
passage out of the airport -- and said they were
returning to India. Azhar asserted that the hijackers
were Indian citizens from Kashmir.
31/12/1999 12:00:00 AM
Afroz meets with Ilyas
While in Australia, Afroz regularly
met with Maulana Mansur Ilyas, the
leader of the Verribia Islamic Centre
in the Victoria State. Security
agencies believe Ilyas to be Al
Qaeda's regional leader in Australia.
JEM cadres were mostly trained in Madrassas in Pakistan known for imparting military training by serving and retired officers of the
Pakistan Army. Many of its members were also trained by Al-Qaeda and related organizations in Afghanistan. JEM chief Massod
Azhar himself received training in Yemen with Al Qaeda members in 1994. JEM reportedly maintained training camps in Afghanistan
during the Taliban regime (Rishkhor for example) until at least June 2000 when its cadres were expelled from Afghanistan by the
Taliban after some of its members were convicted on charges of rape and murder. However, there were reports about some of the
JEM cadres being trained in Afghanistan especially persons involved in very high profile missions such as attacks against the
Jammu and Kashmir Legislature in Srinagar and Indian Parliament in New Delhi in October and December 2001 respectively. India
has claimed that Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) recruits and trains terrorist belonging to groups such as the JEM
before dispatching them across the line of control (LoC)
Ideology
According to Indian intelligence sources, JEM cadres were being trained in camps located at Kahuta, Hazira, Rawalkot JEM in is Pakistan an extremely militant and vio
and Palandri opposite Poonch, Aliabad, Putwal and Sialkot opposite Jammu, Zaffarwal, Dudhniyal and Kel opposite the from Kupwara India and its union with Paki
sector and in camps north of the Kargil area in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.
from Jammu and Kashmir. It is poli
a mainstream political grouping un
JEM operated a large training camp at Balakot in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), in Pakistan, run by Yousuf, is reflected a christain from its predisposition t
convert from Sindh province I Pakistan who is married to Azhar’s sister, to impart training in batches of 800-1000 trainees. and stay away from education. In p
but to stay away from un-Islamic w
Recruits from Malaysia and possibly Singapore were believed to have been trained in the offices of the Jaish-e-Mohammad cutting in hair the and against cooperating
Binori madrassa complex in Karachi
As Maulana Masood Azhar, chief of
According to a report prepared by Pakistani intelligence in early 2003, the JEM military training camps in Batrasi andJammu
and Kashmir. We have lakhs
Syed Ahmad Shaeed in Manshera and Balaskots were still functional and running even after the group was banned in freedom January struggle 2002. by adopting such
struggle of Kashmiris and we thus
so we would not stop Jihad at any
Ideological Keywords
Politico-religious and, irredentist , A