Tert-butyl 6-aminohexanoate (91): To a solution <strong>of</strong> 90 (1.95 g, 6.07 mmol) in dry MeOH (150 mL), acetic acid (1.39 mL, 24.0 mmol) <strong>and</strong> palladium on charcoal (10% w/w, 0.19 g) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1 h <strong>and</strong> filtered through celite. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give crude 91 (1.13 g, 100%, colorless oil) which was used in the next step without purification; Rf (95/5, CH2Cl2/CH3OH) 0.46; H (400.13 MHz CDC13) 1.33 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2COOt-Bu), 1.39 (9H, s, COOC(CH3)3), 1.55 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH), 1.62 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2COOt-Bu), 2.17 (2H, t, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2COOt-Bu), 2.84 (2H, t, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2NH); C (75.50 MHz, CDCl3) 24.3, 25.8, 27.2, 28.0, 35.1, 39.4, 80.2, 177.2; m/z (ES) 188 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 188.1647. C10H22NO2 + requires 188.1651. Benzyl 2-hydroxyethylcarbamate (93): To a solution <strong>of</strong> ethanolamine (92, 2.00 g, 32.8 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (30 mL) at 0°C, a solution Cbz- Cl (3.73 mL, 26.2 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 0°C <strong>and</strong> at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was washed with an aqueous saturated solution <strong>of</strong> NaHCO3 <strong>and</strong> the aqueous phase extracted with CH2Cl2. (three times). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered <strong>and</strong> the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give crude 93 (5.11 g, 100%, yellow pale oil) which was used in the next step without purification; Rf (92/8, CH2Cl2/CH3OH) 0.47; H (250.13 MHz CDC13) 3.36 (2H, br t, J 6.5 Hz, CH2OH), 3.71 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2NH), 5.11 (2H, s, CH2Bn), 7.35 (5H, m, Ar.); C (62.89 MHz, CDCl3) 43.3, 61.7, 66.7, 127.9, 128.0, 128.4, 136.2, 157.0; m/z (ES) 196 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 196.0970. C10H14NO3 + requires 196.0974. Benzyl 2-iodoethylcarbamate (94): To a solution <strong>of</strong> PPh3 (2.66 g, 10.2 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL), I2 (2.59 g, 10.2 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. Imidazole (1.39 g, 20.4 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was then added <strong>and</strong> the reaction mixture was stirred for further 30 min. Finally, 93 (1.00 g, 5.13 mmol) was added <strong>and</strong> the reaction mixture stirred for 3 hours. The resulting mixture was washed with an aqueous saturated solution <strong>of</strong> NaHCO3 <strong>and</strong> 10 %w/w <strong>of</strong> Na2S2O3 <strong>and</strong> the aqueous phase extracted with CH2Cl2 (three times). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered <strong>and</strong> the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give a crude material, which was purified by flash chromatography (AcOEt/petroleum ether, from: 0/100 to 100/0) to give 94 (1.20 g, 77%) as white amorphous solid; [Found: C, 39.4; H, 4.0. C10H12INO2 requires C, 39.36; H, 3.96%]; Rf (6/4, AcOEt/petroleum ether) 0.88;H (250.13 MHz CDC13) 3.25 (2H, t, J 6.5 Hz, CH2I), 3.55 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2NH), 5.11 (2H, s, CH2Bn), 7.36 (5H, m, Ar.); C (62.89 MHz, CDCl3) 5.1, 43.0, 66.5, 127.8, 128.1, 128.2, 136.0, 155.8; m/z (ES) 306 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 305.9989. C10H13INO2 + requires 305.9991. Benzyl 2-(5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pentylamino) ethylcarbamate (95): To a solution <strong>of</strong> 91 (0.35 g, 1.87 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (10 mL), at reflux, K2CO3 (0.88 g, 6.38 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min. After that, a solution <strong>of</strong> 94 (0.40 g, 1.31 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (5 mL), was added <strong>and</strong> the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux overnight. The product was filtered <strong>and</strong> the crude was purified by flash column chromatograph, (CH2Cl2/CH3OH, from: 100/0 to 90/10) to give 95 (0.32 g, 67%) as yellow light oil; [Found: C, 65.9; H, 8.6. C20H32N2O4 requires C, 65.91; H, 8.62%]; Rf (93/7, CH2Cl2/CH3OH) 0.71;H (300.10 MHz CDC13) 1.35 (2H, q, J 6.5 Hz, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH), 1.43 (9H, s, COOC(CH3)3), 1.57 (2H, q, J 6.0 Hz, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH), 1.67 (2H, q, J 6.0 Hz, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH), 2.21 (2H, t, J 6.0 Hz, 43
OOCCH2CH2), 2.82 (2H, t, J 6.0 Hz, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NH), 2.99 (2H, t, J 6.0 Hz, CONHCH2CH2NH), 3.46 (2H, q, J 6.0 Hz, CONHCH2CH2NH), 5.09 (2H, s, CH2Ar), 5.73 (1H, br s, NHCOO), 7.34 (5H, m, Ar.); C (75.50 MHz, CDCl3) 24.4, 26.2, 27.9, 35.0, 39.3, 48.4, 48.6, 66.6, 79.9, 127.9, 128.0, 128.3, 136.1, 156.6, 172.8; m/z (ES) 365 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 365.2437. C20H33N2O4 + requires 365.2440. Compound (96): To a solution <strong>of</strong> 95 (0.32 g, 0.88 mmol) in a 1:1 mixture <strong>of</strong> 1,4-dioxane/water (20 mL), NaHCO3 (148 mg, 1.76 mmol) was added. The mixture was sonicated until complete dissolution <strong>and</strong>, Fmoc-Cl (0.29 g, 1.12 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, then, through addition <strong>of</strong> a saturated <strong>of</strong> NaHSO4, the pH was adjusted to 3 <strong>and</strong> the solvent was concentrated in vacuo to remove the excess <strong>of</strong> dioxane. The water layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (three times), the organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered <strong>and</strong> the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by flash chromatography (CH2Cl2/CH3OH, from: 100/0 to 98/2) to give 96 (0.50 g, 97%) as a yellow light oil; [Found: C, 71.7; H, 7.3. C35H42N2O6 requires C, 71.65; H, 7.22%]; Rf (95/5, CH2Cl2/CH3OH) 0.61; H (400.13 MHz CDC13, mixture <strong>of</strong> rotamers) 1.08-1.60 (15H, m, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N, COOC(CH3)3), 2.16 (2H, t, J 6.0 Hz, CH2COO), 2.85 (0.8H, br s, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N), 2.96 (2.4H, CONHCH2CH2N <strong>and</strong> CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N), 3.13 (0.8H, br s, CONHCH2CH2N), 3.30 (2H, br s, CONHCH2CH2N), 4.19 (1H, br s, CH2CHFmoc), 4.53-4.57 (2H, br s, CH2CHFmoc), 5.05 (2H, br s, CH2Ar), 7.29 (7H, m, Ar. (Cbz) <strong>and</strong> Ar. (Fmoc)), 7.38 (2H, t, J 7.0 Hz, Ar. (Fmoc)), 7.55 (2 H, d, J 7.0 Hz, Ar. (Fmoc)), 7.76 (2H, t, J 7.0 Hz, Ar. (Fmoc)); C (62.89 MHz, CDCl3) 24.5, 25.9, 27.8, 27.9, 35.2, 39.2, 39.6, 46.2, 46.8, 47.1, 47.6, 66.3, 79.7, 119.6, 124.4, 126.8, 127.4, 127.8, 128.2, 136.4, 141.1, 143.7, 155.6, 156.3, 172.7; m/z (ES) 587 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 587.3120. C35H43N2O6 + requires 587.3121. Compound (97): To a solution <strong>of</strong> 96 (150 mg, 0.26 mmol) in dry MeOH (9 mL), acetic acid (29 μL, 0.512 mmol) <strong>and</strong> palladium on charcoal (10%w/w, 15 mg) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature for 1 h <strong>and</strong> filtered through celite. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give crude 97 (118 mg, 100%, colorless oil) which was used in the next step without purification; Rf (95/5, CH2Cl2/CH3OH) 0.13; H (300.10 MHz CDC13, mixture <strong>of</strong> rotamers) 1.05-1.60 (15H, m, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N, COOC(CH3)3), 2.15 (2H, t, J 6.0 Hz, CH2COO), 2.60 (0.6H, br s, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N), 2.90-3.20 (4H, CONHCH2CH2N, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2N, CONHCH2CH2N <strong>and</strong> CONHCH2CH2N), 3.38 (1.4H, br s, CONHCH2CH2N), 4.19 (1H, br s, CH2CHFmoc), 4.52 (2H, m, CH2CHFmoc), 7.38 (4H, m, Ar. (Fmoc)), 7.54 (2 H, d, J 7.0 Hz, Ar. (Fmoc)), 7.74 (2H, t, J 7.0 Hz, Ar. (Fmoc)); C (100.03 MHz, CDCl3) 22.6, 24.4, 24.7, 25.9, 26.1, 28.1, 35.1, 25.4, 38.8, 42.4, 46.5, 47.3, 47.9, 53.4, 67.0, 80.1, 119.8, 119.9, 124.0, 124.6, 126.9, 127.1, 127.7, 140.5, 141.3, 143.8, 149.0, 155.8, 157.1, 172.7, 172.9; m/z (ES) 453 (MH + ); (HRES) MH + , found 453.2740. C27H37N2O4 + requires 453.2748. Compound (98): To a solution <strong>of</strong> 97 (115 mg, 0.26 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL), ethyl glyoxalate (33 μL, 0.33 mmol), Et3N (54 μL, 0.38 mmol) <strong>and</strong> NaHB(OAc)3 (109 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was 44
- Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI SALERNO
- Page 3 and 4: Cbz Benzyl chloroformate DCC N,N’
- Page 5 and 6: number of possible conformations wh
- Page 7 and 8: Backbone peptides modifications are
- Page 9 and 10: While computational studies initial
- Page 11 and 12: circular peptoids 20 , showing redu
- Page 13 and 14: assays for its high affinity to the
- Page 15 and 16: Each peptoid molecule was capped wi
- Page 17 and 18: constraints induced by macrolactami
- Page 19 and 20: The ability of cyclic peptoids to e
- Page 21 and 22: 1. RNA targeting 2. DNA targeting 3
- Page 23 and 24: iii) Improving bioavailability, (ce
- Page 25 and 26: However, annealing experiments demo
- Page 27 and 28: protected monomer is then selective
- Page 29 and 30: charges on the oligoamide backbone,
- Page 31 and 32: MeO HO HO O O O O N HO N N O O O N
- Page 33 and 34: HO N O O O N N N O O O O TrS N N 78
- Page 35 and 36: The N-(carboxymethyl) and the N-(ca
- Page 37 and 38: NH2 t-BuO + O O OH a R t-BuO N OH O
- Page 39 and 40: deoxyribonucleic strands (5 μM con
- Page 41 and 42: esulting residues were purified by
- Page 43: AcOEt/petroleum ether) 0.38; H (300
- Page 47 and 48: CH2CHFmoc and CH2-thymine), 7.02 (1
- Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3 3. Structural analysis of
- Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.4. Cyclic octamer 103. Top
- Page 53 and 54: Cl HO O Br O O 52 O Br NH 2 NH 2 HO
- Page 55 and 56: Table 3.1. Results of crystallizati
- Page 57 and 58: Trough these crystallizations, we h
- Page 59 and 60: μ (cm -1 ) 0.638 0.663 0.692 2.105
- Page 61 and 62: Monoclinic (56A) and Triclinic (56B
- Page 63 and 64: 1 H-NMR studies confirmed the prese
- Page 65 and 66: 3.4 Conclusions In this chapter, th
- Page 67 and 68: Linear 104 (37 mg, 0.0611 mmol) was
- Page 69 and 70: It was based on squares of structur
- Page 71 and 72: Chapter 4 4. Cationic cyclopeptoids
- Page 73 and 74: especially at the vector concentrat
- Page 75 and 76: H 3N H 3N O H 3N N O N O N 74 N O 6
- Page 77 and 78: HO O 113 HO N O O 114 N N O N 6 NHB
- Page 79 and 80: esin was then filtered away and the
- Page 81 and 82: 8H, -CH2NH3 + ), 1.75 -1.30 (m, 32
- Page 83 and 84: (III) complexes causes a dramatic e
- Page 85 and 86: Figure 5.2. Model of Gd(III)-based
- Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Results and discussion 5.3.1 Sy
- Page 89 and 90: MeO t-BuO O O t-BuO N N O N O O O N
- Page 91 and 92: Table 5.1. Parameters determined by
- Page 93 and 94: oom temperature. Subsequent specifi
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5.4.4 Synthesis of 133 by click che
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Chapter 6 6. Cyclopeptoids as mimet
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HO N O O N O STr STr N O NHBoc 68 N
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Disulfide bonds play an important r
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developed for the deprotection of t
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Compound 137 Aminoethanethiol hydro
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Compound 139: δH (400 MHz, CD3OD,
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108