Turbomachines - COSMOS

Turbomachines
By Kevin Bower

Turbomachines
A turbo machine
transfers energy
between a rotor and a
fluid
Two types of
turbomachines:
Turbines
Compressors

Turbines
Transfer energy from
a fluid to a rotor
QuickTime and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Compressors
Transfers energy from
a rotor to a fluid
QuickTime and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Turbomachines in
Automobiles
In automobiles-
Turbochargers
Gas compressor
Powered by turbine

Turbochargers
Two sides
One side is a
compressor
One side is a turbine

Turbochargers -
Compressor
Centrifugal
compressor
Increases the density
of air entering the
engine
More air = more fuel
can be added

Turbochargers - Turbine
Uses exhaust to spin a
turbine
Turbine connected to
compressor

Turbocharger System

Turbocharger

Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U43jY0eXfWk

Turbochargers and
Intercoolers
Turbochargers
produce heat
Intercoolers reduce
heat
Decreased
temperature = Higher
density of oxygen =
More power

Wastegate
Occasionally the
turbocharger will
generate a pressure
that is too high
A wastegate is put into
turbochargers to
bypass around the
exhaust turbine
External wastegate

Turbomachines in jets
• Jet engines use
compressors and
turbines to produce thrust
• Turbojets
• Turbofans

Turbojets
• F = [m dot * V]e - [m dot * V]0

turbojets

QuickTime and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Air flow

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GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
pressure

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are needed to see this picture.
temperature

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are needed to see this picture.
turbofan

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
• 1 June 1796 - 24 August 1832
• French Physicist
• Military Engineer

Major Achievements
• Carnot Cycle
• Illustrated the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
• “Reflections on the Motive Power of the Fire”

• (1-2) compressing gas-
Temperature rises
• (2-3) The expanding gas
makes the piston do work on
surroundings
• (3-4) Heat is constant- gas
expands- gas works on
surroundings
• (4-1) Surroundings do work
on gas- heat flows out
Carnot Cycle

Carnot Limit Derivation
• Carnot Efficiency:
• η=1-(TL/TH)
• η= maximum
theoretical efficiency)

"Reflections on the Motive
Power of Fire"
• “The production of motive power is therefore due in
steam engines not to actual consumption of caloric
but to its transportation from a warm body to a cold
body.”
• —Carnot 1960, p. 7
• “In the fall of caloric, motive power evidently
increases with the difference of temperature between
the warm and cold bodies, but we do not know
whether it is proportional to this difference.”
• —Carnot 1960, p. 15

Bibliography
• "HowStuffWorks "How Turbochargers Work"" HowStuffWorks - Learn How Everything Works! Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• Schobeiri, Meinhard. "Turbomachinery Flow Physics and ..." Google Books. Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• "YouTube - Ford EcoBoost Turbocharger Animation." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• "Sadi Carnot." Corrosion Science and Engineering Information Hub. Web. 23 July 2010. .
• Round, G. F. Incompressible Flow Turbomachines: Design, Selection, Applications, and Theory. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.
Print.
• McGraw-Hill Series in Mechanical Engineering. New York [etc.: [s.n.], 1987. Print.
• "Gas Turbine Propulsion." NASA - Title... Web. 29 July 2010. .

Bibliography Cont.
• "VG." Roller Banners, Exhibition Stands, Banner Stands, Display Stands, Pop up Stands and Display Graphics UK,
Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Manchester, North West, Oldham, Rochdale, Shaw. Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• "Gas Compressor." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• Engine, Idealizing The. "Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 23 July 2010.
.
• "Turbine." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 23 July 2010. .
• "Carnot Cycle." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 26 July 2010. .
• "Untitled." Rochester History Resources. Web. 26 July 2010.
.
• Heywood, John B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. Print.
• Harralson, Joseph. Design of Racing and High Performance Engines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers,
1995. Print.