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which will add to the picture of Boaistuau’s multi-dimensional oeuvre. Although taking into account the direction of modern scholarship, which identified Histoires prodigieuses with the genre of wonder books and the study of monstrous births, this chapter will adopt a much wider perspective. It will correlate the contents of the work with the knowledge explosion experienced at the time which, boosted by humanism, resulted in new directions of examining Man and the natural world, and of classifying knowledge. Related trends will be discussed, such as an early form of encyclopaedism, and also the ways Boaistuau’s work can prove beneficial for the investigation of the genre of books of the secrets of Nature, early modern medicine and the occult, and the study of natural disasters both as natural phenomena and as divinely sent signs. The topics examined in this chapter will reveal a side of Histoires prodigieuses never discussed before, and will demonstrate how natural philosophy was used to understand the order of a cosmos but also how Boaistuau combined it with theology to promote his ever-present moralising message. - 28 -
CHAPTER 1 Une vie presque inconnue: the life of Pierre Boaistuau The greatest obstacle facing anyone interested in studying Pierre Boaistuau and his work is the lack of evidence about his life, which is covered in vagueness and obscurity, since most biographical information is fragmentary and drawn primarily from his own writings. There is no agreement among scholars for his birth in Nantes around 1517 and almost no information about his early years or family. Moreover, little can be deduced about his student years and his service for the French Crown, and there is no evidence at all concerning his whereabouts from 1560 until his death in Paris in 1566. In addition, there is no surviving correspondence which could shed further light on particular aspects of his life, no matriculation records, no engraved portrait, and no inventory after his death. Like an unfinished puzzle full of missing pieces which can be partially assembled, an account of Boaistuau’s life is pieced together by fragments of different events taken from different time periods. It is surprising so little is known about Boaistuau’s life given his great success as a literary figure and the impressive number of editions available. Mainly known as the writer who imported and popularised two influential genres in Renaissance France, the histoire tragique and the histoire prodigieuse, Boaistuau’s books total 164 different editions in all between 1556 and 1751, including many translations into major European languages. His works had an influence that extended across the French borders and even reached the opposite side of the Atlantic Ocean and South America. 72 The Breton also enjoyed a considerable degree of fame, proved by his broad social circle and the dedicatory sonnets written by illustrious French literati 72 A full discussion of the editions of Boaistuau’s works can be found in Chapter Two. - 29 -
Page 1 and 2: PIERRE BOAISTUAU (c. 1517-1566) AND
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT This study examines the ma
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing a PhD d
Page 7 and 8: 4.1. Political theory and L’Histo
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES 1: Table of editions
Page 11 and 12: INTRODUCTION Pierre Boaistuau was a
Page 13 and 14: natural philosophy and the occult,
Page 15 and 16: 1976 and 1977 marked a period of re
Page 17 and 18: of Renaissance intellectual history
Page 19 and 20: Juliet. 29 A different, but closely
Page 21 and 22: tragiques’ made use of Boaistuau
Page 23 and 24: and an earlier example, Giambattist
Page 25 and 26: (particularly in German) which clea
Page 27 and 28: and prodigies and their symbolisms,
Page 29 and 30: This overview of the main studies o
Page 31 and 32: Furthermore, the fact that a great
Page 33 and 34: Study of Boaistuau’s work can als
Page 35 and 36: Chapter One focuses on Boaistuau’
Page 37: philosophy. Short overviews of the
Page 41 and 42: iographers. 78 Gisèle Mathieu-Cast
Page 43 and 44: e reference to the writer’s servi
Page 45 and 46: mentioned earlier, and an article i
Page 47 and 48: other cases. For instance, Robert K
Page 49 and 50: forms of immigration and the arriva
Page 51 and 52: i’estois à Poictiers aux estudes
Page 53 and 54: university? These are questions whi
Page 55 and 56: introducing him to the literary cir
Page 57 and 58: papal court from the city. 129 It w
Page 59 and 60: that Boaistuau’s visit took place
Page 61 and 62: presque tousjours affligé depuis t
Page 63 and 64: Bref discours de l’excellence et
Page 65 and 66: After all, this is confirmed by the
Page 67 and 68: Ie ne puis semblablement passer sou
Page 69 and 70: publication of six popular works an
Page 71 and 72: made possible not only due to Boais
Page 73 and 74: A final note should be made about B
Page 75 and 76: of Navarre was not only a generous
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 2 Pierre Boaistuau and sixt
Page 79 and 80: invention by 1450, when he began th
Page 81 and 82: Part two will contextualise Boaistu
Page 83 and 84: The total number of Boaistuau’s e
Page 85 and 86: career distinctive compared to that
Page 87 and 88: 2.1.2. Histoires prodigieuses Full
Page 89 and 90:
2.1.3. Histoires tragiques Full tit
Page 91 and 92:
2.1.4. L’Histoire de Chelidonius
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followed by another three in 1559,
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Although Histoires des amans fortun
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the translation of The City of God;
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Latin edition of Le Théâtre (Thea
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Paré, who made extensive use of Bo
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of Histoires prodigieuses which wer
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can be identified with - but is not
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Italian humanism and the Italian Re
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important as the major cities of No
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During the second half of the fifte
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Fig. 4: The first page of Boaistuau
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proliferation of natural philosophy
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shown in Chapter Three, Boaistuau d
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where books were rarer, literacy ha
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a much broader meaning. 323 Althoug
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vulgarization’. 330 In fact, what
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The centralized character of French
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foreign elements into their art. In
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was another catalyst in the transfo
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Fig. 10: Title page of Histoires pr
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The rise of the vernacular in Franc
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writers began to write and publish
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Considering the number of editions,
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ensured a wide readership. 374 Thes
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appealed to diverse groups of reade
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were not only collections of easy-t
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persons variously responded in diff
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sources and classical languages thr
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not clearly defined but which prove
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penalisation of Boaistuau, but this
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This retained a well-defined struct
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illustre princesse madame Marguerit
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were Bonaventure des Périers and B
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generations. For this reason he urg
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aueuglante c’est l’amour, et la
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certainly written with entertainmen
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Andrew Pettegree has noted, this fl
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d’illustration rhétorique et de
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a model which combined, for the fir
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contemporary historian as proof; 48
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Consequently, he used the same trag
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‘Boaistuau tire d’un drame de l
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human condition which makes them co
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pain and suffering. As the title re
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etween the extremes of sin and salv
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Deschamps also appeared in the text
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Another feature indicative of Le Th
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[Ils] sont confitz en telle ignoran
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ordonnoit aussi’. 548 The Breton
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ne semblent pas hommes, mais monste
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celuy qui estoit hier riche, est au
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was a work set in a different conte
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Innocent III’s De miseria humanae
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Trismegistus, probably taken from D
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qui n’esmerveillera de la memoire
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Here lies the essence of the morali
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CHAPTER 4 Religion, political theor
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4.1. Political theory and L’Histo
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Boaistuau noted in the title. Henry
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For Boaistuau, monarchy was the ide
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The question whether the tenet of a
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example of Clément Marot and his g
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Carolingians and thence to the Cape
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war, revolt, political and social u
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in France, Guillaume Budé’s Inst
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A capable monarch should also be a
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must contain his arrogance, and not
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y Erasmus and Budé, keeping a dist
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works which exalted the military vi
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teeth), Man was born weak and defen
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lended the classical and Christian
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actively endorsing the doctrine dur
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lisant tu y trouves moins d’appro
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century France, the exposition of s
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The sixteenth century was in a sens
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History was a frequently appearing
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Protestant cause. 735 As Alexandra
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Historia Remensis ecclesiae on the
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(1563) was a martyrology in memory
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to their apostolic work of spreadin
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discipline could lead the kingdom t
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the early centuries of Christianity
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part of the work. 774 Boaistuau was
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employed many Biblical passages to
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claiming that she had children with
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qui le persecutent’. 802 By stres
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In order to better understand the t
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In addition to the non-existence of
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appropriate than the term ‘scienc
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characterised by the belief in revi
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the life of well-established theori
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understanding - and therefore shoul
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contained animals mentioned by clas
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development of natural philosophy e
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and knowledge organisation. However
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the Fugger family and seventeenth-c
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occurrence and symbolisms. Personal
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work, which Boaistuau deemed to be
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and widely-read books at the time.
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more rare than other events of its
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mystical texts of late antiquity (s
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antiquity and also ‘choses qui ne
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not just vehicles for the transmiss
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amethyst (‘Amatiste’), turquois
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Boaistuau’s attempt to decipher t
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society, where human society was eq
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had both male and female sex and co
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chien engendré d’vne Dogue et d
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1475, and two girls joined together
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part of the deliberate diversity of
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Fig. 20: A hairy girl, covered in f
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5.5. Histoires prodigieuses as a bo
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Chapter Eleven contained accounts o
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zealously repent and amend ‘least
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history. Violent winds, storms, and
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death of princes. For example, when
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Such descriptions stressed the marv
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At this point, Boaistuau diverged f
Page 329 and 330:
CONCLUSION Pierre Boaistuau’s wri
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catholique. The examination of the
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APPENDIX A TABLES OF EDITIONS OF PI
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1571 Paris Jean Ruelle French (16º
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1663 London Sam. Ferris English (8
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1576 Paris Charles Macé French (8
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Maint Prince vit et maint Prince a
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Tu nous fis voir, poly, maint Amant
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Viennent sur les fleurs colliger Ta
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Ou Mort, ou Vie. - From Histoires p
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Celuy certes, serenouuelle Vne autr
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De la mort, du tombeau, de l’oubl
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BIBLIOGRAPHY PRIMARY SOURCES Boaist
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hystoire de la faulse religion de M
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François, par P. Boaysteau, surnom
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Armutseligkeit deß Menschen, durch
Page 361 and 362:
animaulx estranges, avec le naturel
Page 363 and 364:
Barnes-Svarney, P. L., Svarney, T.
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Bontemps, C. et al. (eds), Le Princ
Page 367 and 368:
Cameron, K., Greengrass, M., Robert
Page 369 and 370:
Chrisman, M. U., Lay Culture and Le
Page 371 and 372:
D’ Hozier, L.-P., Armorial géné
Page 373 and 374:
Delumeau, J., La Peur en Occident:
Page 375 and 376:
Ferngren, G. B. (ed.), Science and
Page 377 and 378:
Gandillac, M. de, et al. (eds), La
Page 379 and 380:
Greenblatt, S., Renaissance self-fa
Page 381 and 382:
Houston, R. A., Literacy in Early M
Page 383 and 384:
Killeen, K., Forshaw, P. J. (eds),
Page 385 and 386:
Le Robert (direction A. Rey), Dicti
Page 387 and 388:
Marshall, P. H., The Theatre of the
Page 389 and 390:
Morford, M. P. O., Stoics and Neost
Page 391 and 392:
Parsons, J., The Church in the Repu
Page 393 and 394:
Quainton, M., Ronsard’s Ordered C
Page 395 and 396:
Sarton, G., The Appreciation of Anc
Page 397 and 398:
Siraisi, N., ‘Establishing the Su
Page 399 and 400:
Swann, M., Curiosities and Texts: T
Page 401 and 402:
Walsby, M., Books and Book Culture
Page 403:
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