Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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132 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands the veins; petioles and petiolules puberulent or short-pubescent, the petioles 1.7-4 cm long, deeply canaliculate, the petiolules 1.2-3 (-5) cm long. Flowers numerous in terminal or axillary panicles, bracteate, the axes pubescent; pedicels ca. 1 mm long. Calyx green, crateriform, 1-1.5 mm long, subtruncate, minutely 5-denticulate, puberulent; corolla white, tubular, bilabiate, ca. 4 mm long, puberulent outside, the 2 upper lobes smaller than the lower, the 3 lower lobes 2-3 mm long; stamens didynamous, inserted; ovary conical, ca. 0.8 mm long, densely appressed- pubescent; annular disc pubescent. Capsule linear, compressed, somewhat woody, dark brown, 15-27 × 0.5-0.7 cm, with the midvein inconspicuous; seeds numerous, brown, 4-5 mm long, the wings hyaline-membranaceous. Phenology: Collected in flower in July and in fruit in April. Status: Exotic, cultivated, uncommon. Distribution: Native to western Amazonia, sporadically cultivated in Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. References: Gentry, A. H. 1982. Bignoniaceae. Flora de Venezuela. Ediciones Fundación. Venezuela. Hawk, W. D. 1997. A review of the genus Cydista. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 815-840. 9. Family BORAGINACEAE Key to the genera 1a. Corolla campanulate; style bifid, each branch again bifid, for a total of 4 stigmas .......... 1. Cordia 1b. Corolla infundibuliform; style simple, bilobed .......................................................... 2. Tournefortia 1. CORDIA Shrubs or trees and sometimes scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, usually heterostylous, in axillary or terminal cymes, panicles, corymbs, or spikes. Calyx campanulate or tubular, 5-dentate or 5-10 lobed, usually striate and accrescent in the fruit; corolla actinomorphic, campanulate or hypocrateriform; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube, shorter or longer than the corolla tube; ovary superior, bicarpellate, each carpel with 2 uniovulate chambers, the style branched into 4 stigmatic branches. Fruit a globose, fleshy drupe, with 1-4 pyrenes. A genus of about 300 species of pantropical distribution. Key to the species of Cordia 1a. Inflorescences of unbranched glomerules; lobes of the corolla almost as long as the tube .............. ........................................................................................................................................ 1. C. bellonis 1b. Inflorescences of paniculate or corymbose heads; lobes of the corolla much shorter than the tube ........................................................................................................................ 2. C. polycephala 1. Cordia bellonis Urb., Symb. Antill. 1: 393. 1899. Fig. 49. A-F SYNONYM: Varronia bellonis (Urb.) Britton Clambering or recumbent shrub, 2-3 m in length. Stems appressed-pubescent when young, glabrous when mature. Leaves alternate; blades 2-6 × 1-2 cm, elliptical, oblong to sublanceolate, chartaceous, the apex acute, the base acute or obtuse, the margins dentate or denticulate, especially on the distal portion; upper surface with short appressed hairs that give it a scabrid texture, the midvein slightly prominent; lower surface pale
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 133 green, strigulose-puberulous, with the venation slightly prominent; petioles appressed-pubescent, 4-7 mm long. Flowers few, sessile, arranged in short axillary cymes; peduncle < 6 mm long. Calyx green, turbinate, strigulose, 2-2.5 mm long; corolla white, infundibuliform, glabrous, ca. 4 mm long, the lobes ovate to oblong, almost as long as the tube; stamens and stigmas inserted. Drupe red, ovoid, ca. 3 mm in diameter, with the persistent accrescent calyx covering the lower 1/3 of the fruit. Phenology: Collected in flower from October to January and in fruit from November to January. Status: Endemic, listed in the Federal Register of the United States as an endangered species. Locally common at the base of mogotes. Distribution: Along the banks of rivers and streams or in the interior of forests on substrates of limestone (mogotes) or serpentine. Public forests: Maricao, Río Abajo, and Susúa. 2. Cordia polycephala (Lam.) I.M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 16: 33. 1935. Fig. 49. G-L BASIONYM: Varronia polycephala Lam. SYNONYM: Varronia corymbosa (L.) Desv. Basora, Palo de perico, Saragüero, Black sage Woody shrub, clambering, up to 5 m in length. Stems pubescent when young, cylindrical, attaining 1.5 cm in diameter. Leaves alternate; blades 4-15 × 2-5.5 cm, ovate, lanceolate, or 2. TOURNEFORTIA elliptical, coriaceous, the apex acute or acuminate, the base obtuse or rounded, sometimes unequal, the margins serrate; upper surface scabrous, the venation sunken; lower surface pale green, more or less pubescent, with prominent reticulate venation; petioles pubescent, 5-10 mm long. Flowers numerous, sessile, arranged in terminal or axillary paniculate or corymbose heads. Calyx yellowish green, crateriform, pubescent, 2.5-3 mm long; corolla white, campanulate, 4-5 mm long, the lobes much shorter than the tube, the tube pubescent inside; stamens and stigmas inserted. Drupe red, globose, 3-4 mm in diameter, completely covered by the accrescent calyx. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting throughout the year, particularly in June and July. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: In weedy areas and along paths, at lower and middle elevations. Also on Vieques, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda; Hispaniola, the Lesser Antilles, and northern South America. Public forests: Cambalache, Carite, Ceiba, El Yunque, Guajataca, Guánica, Maricao, Río Abajo, Susúa, Toro Negro, and Tortuguero. Commentary: Cordia wagnerorum Howard was originally described as a clambering shrub; nevertheless, the clambering habit seems to be the exception to the rule, since I have only observed this species as an erect shrub. For this reason, this species has been excluded from the present work. Vines, lianas, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple; stipules absent. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual, in terminal scorpioid cymes. Calyx crateriform, with 5 deep lobes; corolla hypocrateriform, the tube slightly broadened at the base, the lobes reflexed; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube, shorter than the corolla; ovary superior, with 2 carpels, each carpel with 2 uniovulate chambers, the style simple, bilobed. Fruit a fleshy drupe, globose or 2- or 4- lobed, with 1-4 pyrenes. A genus of about 150 species of pantropical distribution. Key to the species of Tournefortia 1a. Leaves rigid-coriaceous, scabrous on the upper surface ................................................. 5. T. scabra 1b. Leaves chartaceous or coriaceous, not rigid, pubescent, hirsute or glabrous on the upper surface, not scabrous ........................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Twining vines; fruits white ................................................................................................................ 3 2b. Clambering subshrubs; fruits orange .......................................................................... 3. T. maculata
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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