Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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160 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Phenology: Collected in flower in February and April and in fruit from December to February and in July. Status: Native, uncommon. 2. ARGYREIA 3. CONVOLVULUS Distribution: In marshy areas near Laguna Tortuguero and at the mouth of the Humacao River. Throughout the Neotropics. Public forest: Tortuguero. Twining lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple; stipules absent. Inflorescences of simple dichasial cymes. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual, with actinomorphic symmetry. Calyx of 5 sepals, variable in shape and size, usually pubescent and accrescent in fruit; corolla purple, pink, or white, infundibuliform, campanulate, or tubular, the limb almost entire to deeply 5-lobed; stamens 5, inserted or exserted; ovary superior, glabrous or pubescent, 2-4-locular, the style solitary, inserted or exserted, the stigma biglobose. Fruits indehiscent, ellipsoid to globose, fleshy, red, orange, or yellowish; seeds 4 or fewer per fruit. A genus of 90 species native to continental tropical Asia, Malaysia, and northern Australia; the following species is cultivated in the New World. 1. Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer, Hort. Maurit. 224. 1837. Fig. 63. E-F BASIONYM: Convolvulus nervosus Burm. f. SYNONYMS: Rivea nervosa (Burm. f.) H. Hallier Argyreia speciosa (L.f.) Sweet Twining liana, without latex, attaining more than 5 m in length. Stems cylindrical, densely canescent when young, becoming glabrous when mature. Leaves alternate; blades simple, 12-22 (27) × 8.5-20 cm, cordiform, coriaceous, the apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronate, the base cordiform, the margins entire; upper surface dark, dull, glabrous, with the venation slightly sunken; lower surface densely canescent, with the pinnate venation prominent; petioles 5-15 cm long, densely canescent. Flowers few, in axillary simple or double dichasial cymes; bracts foliaceous, ovate, acuminate, 2-5 cm long, canescent on the lower surface, forming an involucre at the base of the dichasia; peduncles densely canescent, up to 15 cm long. Calyx crateriform, canescent, accrescent, of 5 ovate sepals, obtuse, mucronate, 1.5-2 cm long; corolla lavender, dark violet in the throat, infundibuliform, 6-6.5 cm long, canescent outside, the limb with 5 slightly prominent, rounded lobes; stamens and style not exserted. Indehiscent fruits ovoid, 1-1.5 cm long, puberulous, the pericarp thick, subtended by the subwoody, persistent sepals, slightly shorter than the fruit; seeds light brown, ca. 5 mm long, densely appressed short-pubescent, with two sides flat and one convex, the hilum forming a navel. Phenology: Flowering from April to August, collected in fruit in November. Status: Exotic, cultivated in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, uncommon. Distribution: Native to India, cultivated and naturalized in the Antilles and throughout the tropics. Erect or prostrate herbs, shrubs, or twining vines. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple, entire or lobed; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or clustered in involucrate heads. Calyx of 5 equal or unequal sepals; corolla campanulate or infundibuliform, the limb slightly 5-lobed; stamens 5, exserted; ovary superior, with a solitary style and 2 filiform stigmas. Fruit a 4-valvate capsule, with each of the valves opening in two; seeds 4 per fruit, with two sides flat and one convex. A genus of about 250 species, mostly native to the Old World.
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 161 1. Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. in Lam., Encycl. 3: 557. 1792. Fig. 63. G-K SYNONYMS: Jacquemontia nodiflora (Desr.) G. Don Convolvulus albiflorus Vahl Slightly woody vine, twining, attaining 5 m in length. Stems cylindrical, tomentose, with white or golden hairs, trifurcate, producing watery latex. Leaves alternate; blades simple, 2-4.5 × 1- 3 cm, lanceolate, ovate, elliptical, or rounded, chartaceous, the apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or retuse, usually mucronate, the base rounded, truncate, or cordiform, the margins entire; upper surface dull, with the midvein slightly prominent, sparsely covered with 2- or 3-fid trichomes; lower surface densely pubescent with white or golden, bi- or trifid hairs, with the pinnate venation prominent; petioles slender, 0.5-1.5 cm long. Flowers few, in axillary cymes; peduncle densely 4. IPOMOEA tomentose, up to ca. 1 cm long. Calyx light green, crateriform, sepals ovate, equal, not accrescent, 3-3.5 mm long, rounded at the apex; corolla white, infundibuliform, 1.2-1.5 cm long, the limb with 5 obtuse lobes; stamens white, the filaments 8-10 mm long; ovary white, the stigmas exserted. Capsules ovoid, ca. 5 mm long, the pericarp thin, light brown; seeds brown, ca. 3 mm long, with 2 sides flat and one convex, puberulous. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting from October to April. Status: Native, rather common. Distribution: In thickets along the coastal zone. Also on Caja de Muerto, Culebra, Desecheo, Isla Ramos, Vieques, Guana Island, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda; throughout the Antilles, Central America, and South America. Public forests: Boquerón, Ceiba, Guajataca, Guánica, and Susúa. Twining, creeping vines or rarely shrubs, usually with abundant milky latex. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple, entire, lobed, palmately or pinnately compound; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or in axillary simple or dichasial cymes; peduncles slender or thick, shorter or longer than the petioles. Calyx of 5 equal or unequal sepals, free to the base; corolla campanulate, infundibuliform, or hypocrateriform, the limb entire to deeply 5-lobed; stamens 5, inserted or rarely exserted, the filaments usually unequal, the anthers lanceolate; ovary superior, 2-4-locular, the style solitary with a subglobose or biglobose stigma. Fruits capsular, 4-valvate, ovoid or globose; seeds 4 per fruit, with two sides flat and one convex, glabrous or pubescent. A pantropical genus of about 500 species. Key to the species of Ipomoea 1a. Corollas hypocrateriform ................................................................................................................... 2 1b. Corollas infundibuliform or campanulate ......................................................................................... 9 2a. Corolla white ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2b. Corolla cardinal red, red-orange or bright pink ............................................................................... 5 3a. Leaves pinnatisect ......................................................................................................15. I. quamoclit 3b. Leaves entire, simple. ........................................................................................................................ 4 4a. Sepals lanceolate, aristate and revolute at the apex; corolla 10-12 cm long, the tube light green inside, the limb with 5 light green lines forming a star; stamens exserted ........................ 1. I. alba 4b. Sepals ovate, concave, obtuse or rounded at the apex; corolla 5-7 cm long, the tube white, with cardinal red fringes inside at the base; stamens not exserted .................................... 23. I. violacea 5a. Corolla cardinal red ........................................................................................................................... 6 5b. Corolla bright pink or red-orange ..................................................................................................... 7
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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