Handbook of Propagation Effects for Vehicular and ... - Courses

Table of Contents
1 Introduction _______________________________________________________ 1-4
1.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 1-4
1.2 Overview of Chapters in Revised Text ___________________________________ 1-5
1.3 Mobile Satellite Handbook on the Web___________________________________ 1-8
2 Attenuation Due to Trees: Static Case __________________________________ 2-1
2.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 2-1
2.2 Attenuation and Attenuation Coefficient at UHF___________________________ 2-1
2.3 Single Tree Attenuation at L-Band ______________________________________ 2-4
2.4 Attenuation through Vegetation: ITU-R Results ___________________________ 2-5
2.5 Distributions of Tree Attenuation at L-Band and K-Band ___________________ 2-6
2.6 Seasonal Effects on Path Attenuation ____________________________________ 2-8
2.7 Frequency Scaling Considerations______________________________________ 2-11
2.8 Conclusions and Recommendations_____________________________________ 2-15
2.9 References _________________________________________________________ 2-16
3 Attenuation Due to Roadside Trees: Mobile Case _________________________ 3-1
3.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 3-1
3.2 Time-Series Fade Measurements ________________________________________ 3-1
3.3 Extended Empirical Roadside Model ____________________________________ 3-4
3.4 Validation of the Extended Empirical Roadside Shadowing Model___________ 3-12
3.5 Attenuation Effects of Foliage _________________________________________ 3-19
3.6 Frequency Scaling Considerations______________________________________ 3-24
3.7 Comparison of EERS Model with Other Empirical Models _________________ 3-25
3.8 Conclusions and Model Recommendations_______________________________ 3-32
3.9 References _________________________________________________________ 3-33
4 Signal Degradation for Line-of-Sight Communications ____________________ 4-1
4.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 4-1
4.2 Multipath for a Canyon and Hilly Environments __________________________ 4-2
4.3 Multipath Due to Roadside Trees _______________________________________ 4-6
4.4 Multipath at 20 GHz Near Body of Water - Low Elevation Angle Effects ______ 4-8
4.5 Multipath Versus Driving Directions ___________________________________ 4-10
4.6 Empirical Multipath Model ___________________________________________ 4-13
4.7 Summary and Recommendations ______________________________________ 4-14
4.8 References _________________________________________________________ 4-15
5 Fade and Non-Fade Durations and Phase Spreads________________________ 5-1
5.1 Background _________________________________________________________ 5-1
5.2 Concept of Fade and Non-Fade Durations ________________________________ 5-1
5.3 Fade Durations Derived from Measurements in Australia ___________________ 5-3
5.4 Fade Duration Measurements in Central Maryland ________________________ 5-6
5.5 Fade Duration Distributions at Higher Elevation Angles ____________________ 5-7
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