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CONTENTS<br />

Acknowledgements vi<br />

The Author vim<br />

E~~cutivesummary I<br />

I Introduction 7<br />

Policy background 7<br />

Aims of the research 7<br />

ftesearch desigii 8<br />

firiiral dci’efopnu ii! ~tagc S<br />

T1lre tc!eplzoiu’ .~Iifl’C}’ 9<br />

Available data 10<br />

Structure oFrhe report 11<br />

2 Evpcnditure on e\ceptioiial hardship pa~mneri&s 13<br />

Introduction 1 3<br />

Overall e~.penditure 13<br />

Views abotic budgets 14<br />

I)Iscussion 16<br />

3 Applications tbr exceptional hardship payments 17<br />

Introduction 17<br />

Appliiatioii rates 17<br />

Levels of publicity and application rites 18<br />

Potential demand 20<br />

Discussion 22<br />

4 Why claiiiiants apply for e~ceptionaIhardship payments<br />

and how local authonties make decisions 23<br />

I ritrodiaction 23<br />

Why people apply For e’.ceptional haidshiip payments 24<br />

How local aiithonnes make decisions on exceptionaL hardship<br />

pa)inents 26<br />

Rele~mce of pi e—tenaiicv determinations in decision<br />

makiiig 29<br />

Content analysis of local authorities policies/criteria 29<br />

Discussion 31<br />

5 Outcomes of applications for exceptional hardship payments 33<br />

Introdui non 33<br />

SucLessflil applicatioiis and success rates 33<br />

Siuce~~~tm! ~ippIrc~itroris 33<br />

Siu1C~srait~ 34<br />

Analysis of exceptional hardship payment recipients 36<br />

Value of e~ceptioriaihardship payments 38<br />

III

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