Kadiu I <strong>and</strong> Gendelman H. Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 Endocytic Trafficking Through Macrophage Bridging Conduits Facilitates Spread <strong>of</strong> Infection. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 6: 658-675, 2011. Lehmann MJ, Sherer NM, Marks CB, Pypaert M <strong>and</strong> Mothes W. Actin- <strong>and</strong> myosin-driven movement <strong>of</strong> viruses along filopodia precedes their entry into cells. The <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cell</strong> <strong>Biology</strong>. 170: 317-325, 2005. Liu G, Zhang C, Yin J, Li X, Cheng F, Li Y, Yang H, Uéda K, Chan P <strong>and</strong> Yu S. α-Synuclein is differentially expressed in mitochondria from different rat brain regions <strong>and</strong> dose-dependently down-regulates complex I activity. Neuroscience Letters. 454: 187-192, 2009. Lu X, Nguyen TA, Moon SH, Darlington Y, Sommer M <strong>and</strong> Donehower L. The type 2C phosphatase Wip1: An oncogenic regulator <strong>of</strong> tumor suppressor <strong>and</strong> DNA damage response pathways. Cancer <strong>and</strong> Metastasis Reviews. 27: 123-135, 2008. Mi L, Xiong R, Zheng Y, Ki Z, Yang W, Chen JY <strong>and</strong> Wang PN. Microscopic Observation <strong>of</strong> the Intracellular Transport <strong>of</strong> CdTe Qauntum Dot Aggregates Through Tunneling-Nanotubes. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Biomaterials <strong>and</strong> Nanobiotechnology. 2: 173-180, 2011. Nakamura K, Nemani VM, Azarbal F, Skibinski G, Levy JM, Egami K, Munishkina L, Zhang J, Gardner B, Wakabayashi J, Sesaki H, Cheng Y, Finkbeiner S, Nussbaum RL, Masliah E <strong>and</strong> Edwards RH. Direct Membrane Association Drives Mitochondrial Fission by the Parkinson Disease-associated Protein α-Synuclein. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Biological Chemistry. 286: 20710-20726, 2011. Önfelt B, Nedvetzki S, Benninger RKP, Purbhoo MA, Sowinski S, Hume AN, Seabra MC, Neil MAA, French PMW <strong>and</strong> Davis DM. Structurally Distinct Membrane Nanotubes between Human Macrophages Support Long- Distance Vesicular Traffic or Surfing <strong>of</strong> Bacteria. The <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Immunology. 177: 8476-8483, 2006. Önfelt B, NedvetzkiI S, Yanagi K <strong>and</strong> Davis DM. Cutting Edge: Membrane Nanotubes Connect Immune <strong>Cell</strong>s. The <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Immunology. 173: 1511-1513, 2004. Tunneling nanotubes 17 Pasquier J, Magal P, Boulange-Lecomte C, Webb G <strong>and</strong> Le Foll F. Consequences <strong>of</strong> cell-to-cell Pglycoprotein transfer on acquired multidrug resistance in breast cancer: a cell population dynamics model. <strong>Biology</strong> Direct. 6: 5, 2011. Pontes B, Viana N, Campanati L, Farina M, Neto V <strong>and</strong> Nussenzveig H. Structure <strong>and</strong> elastic properties <strong>of</strong> tunneling nanotubes. European Biophysics <strong>Journal</strong>. 37: 121-129, 2008. Rego AC <strong>and</strong> Oliveira CR. Mitochondrial Dysfunction <strong>and</strong> Reactive Oxygen Species in Excitotoxicity <strong>and</strong> Apoptosis: Implications for the Pathogenesis <strong>of</strong> Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochemical Research. 28: 1563- 1574, 2003. Rustom A, Saffrich R, Markovic I, Walther P <strong>and</strong> Gerdes H-H. Nanotubular Highways for Intercellular Organelle Transport. Science. 303: 1007-1010, 2004. Smith Ian F, Shuai J <strong>and</strong> Parker I. Active Generation <strong>and</strong> Propagation <strong>of</strong> Ca 2+ Signals within Tunneling Membrane Nanotubes. Biophysical <strong>Journal</strong>. 100: L37-L39, 2011. Sowinski S, Jolly C, Berninghasen O, Purbhoo MA, Chauveau A, Kohler K, Oddos S, Eissmann P, Brodsky FM, Hopkins C, Onfelt B, Sattentau Q <strong>and</strong> Davis DM. Membrane nanotubes physically connect T cells over long distances presenting a novel route for HIV-1 transmission. Nat <strong>Cell</strong> Biol. 10: 211-219, 2008. Su B, Wang X, Nunomura A, Moreira PI, Lee HG, Perry G, Smith MA <strong>and</strong> Zhu X. Oxidative Stress Signaling in Alzheimers Disease. Current Alzheimer Research. 5: 525-532, 2008. Sullivan G F, Amenta PS, Villanueva JD, Alvarez CJ, Yang JM <strong>and</strong> Hait WN. The expression <strong>of</strong> drug resistance gene products during the progression <strong>of</strong> human prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 4: 1393-1403, 1998. Vidulescu C, Clejan S <strong>and</strong> O'Connor KC. Vesicle traffic through intercellular bridges in DU 145 human prostate cancer cells. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cell</strong>ular <strong>and</strong> <strong>Molecular</strong> Medicine. 8: 388-396, 2004. Vousden KH <strong>and</strong> Prives C. Blinded by the Light: The Growing Complexity <strong>of</strong> p53. <strong>Cell</strong>. 137: 413-431, 2009. Wang X, Veruki ML, Bukoreshtliev NV, Hartveir E <strong>and</strong> Gerdes H-H. Animal cells connected by nanotubes can be electrically coupled through
18 Marc McGOWAN interposed gap-junction channels. Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the National Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences. 107:17194-17199, 2010. Wang Y, Cui J, Sun X <strong>and</strong> Zhang Y. Tunnelingnanotube development in astrocytes depends on p53 activation. <strong>Cell</strong> Death Differ. 18: 732-742, 2011. Watkins SC <strong>and</strong> Salter RD. Functional Connectivity between Immune <strong>Cell</strong>s Mediated by Tunneling Nanotubules. Immunity. 23: 309-318, 2005. Watts LT, Rathinam ML, Sshenker S <strong>and</strong> Henderson GI. Astrocytes protect neurons from ethanol-induced oxidative stress <strong>and</strong> apoptotic death. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> Neuroscience Research. 80: 655-666, 2005. Wüstner D. Plasma Membrane Sterol Distribution Resembles the Surface Topography <strong>of</strong> Living <strong>Cell</strong>s. <strong>Molecular</strong> <strong>Biology</strong> <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Cell</strong>. 18: 211- 228, 2007. Yasuda K, Kh<strong>and</strong>are A, Burianvskyy L, Maruyama S, Zhang F, Nasjletti, A <strong>and</strong> Goligorsky M. Tunneling nanotubes mediate rescue <strong>of</strong> prematurely senescent endothelial cells by endothelial progenitors: exchange <strong>of</strong> lysosomal pool. Aging. 3: 597-608, 2011. Zhu D, Tan KS, Zhang X, Sun AY, Sun GY <strong>and</strong> Lee JC-M. Hydrogen peroxide alters membrane <strong>and</strong> cytoskeleton properties <strong>and</strong> increases intercellular connections in astrocytes. <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cell</strong> Science. 118: 3695-3703, 2005.