Expert Evaluation Presentation - Jackson School of International ...
Expert Evaluation Presentation - Jackson School of International ...
Expert Evaluation Presentation - Jackson School of International ...
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+<br />
Show Me the<br />
Money<br />
Show Me the Money:<br />
Achieving Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights through<br />
Government Budgets<br />
Task Force 2011<br />
<strong>Jackson</strong> <strong>School</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>International</strong> Studies<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Washington
<strong>International</strong> Framework for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights<br />
Legislative and Judicial Implications <strong>of</strong> the ICESCR<br />
+<br />
Challenges and Issues <strong>of</strong> Implementation<br />
Overseas Development Assistance and National Policy<br />
Show Me the Money<br />
Introduction
+ Section I: Theoretical Framework for<br />
Economic, Social, and Cultural<br />
Rights and Budgets<br />
Elisa Casey<br />
Youjin Choe<br />
Manmeet Dhami<br />
Cammie Dodson<br />
Naomi Joswiak<br />
Akshika Patel<br />
Emilia Sternberg
+ CESCR:<br />
Elaboration <strong>of</strong> MAR and ND<br />
Maximum Available Resources (MAR)<br />
Minimum Benefits<br />
Allocation Restrictions<br />
<strong>International</strong> Assistance<br />
Non-Discrimination (ND)<br />
Immediacy<br />
Prioritization <strong>of</strong> Budget Allocation<br />
Recommendations
+ CESCR:<br />
Progressive Realization<br />
<strong>International</strong> Cooperation and the Role <strong>of</strong> Non-governmental<br />
Entities<br />
Concluding Observations – Further Guidance for Implementation at<br />
the National Level<br />
The Effect <strong>of</strong> the Optional Protocol
+ Progressive Realization and the Right to<br />
Education<br />
“Education is both a human right in itself<br />
and an indispensable means <strong>of</strong> realizing<br />
other human rights.”<br />
– General Comment 13 CESCR<br />
Millennium Development Goals:<br />
Education<br />
Gender disparity<br />
Critical Factors:<br />
Financial crisis<br />
Lack <strong>of</strong> resources<br />
Recommendations:<br />
Availability<br />
Accessibility<br />
Acceptability<br />
Adaptability
+ Progressive Realization and the Right to<br />
Health<br />
“Every human being is entitled to the<br />
enjoyment <strong>of</strong> the highest attainable<br />
standard <strong>of</strong> health conducive to living a life<br />
in dignity.”<br />
– General Comment 14 CESCR<br />
Millennium Development Goals:<br />
Child mortality<br />
Maternal health<br />
Infectious diseases<br />
Critical Factors:<br />
Ensure access and efficiency<br />
Recommendations for<br />
Governments:<br />
Reorganize and refocus<br />
Standards and assessments<br />
Enforcement mechanism
+ Progressive Realization and the Right to<br />
Food Security<br />
“The right to adequate food is indivisibly<br />
linked to the inherent dignity <strong>of</strong> the<br />
human person and is indispensable for<br />
the fulfillment <strong>of</strong> other human rights.”<br />
– General Comment 12 CESCR<br />
Millennium Development<br />
Goals:<br />
Alleviate poverty<br />
Reduce unemployment<br />
Critical Factors:<br />
2008 financial crisis<br />
High food price volatility<br />
Infrastructure<br />
Recommendations:<br />
Increase investment<br />
Reduce trade barriers<br />
Enforcement mechanisms<br />
Increase development aid
+ Section II: Legislative and Judicial<br />
Implications <strong>of</strong> the ICESCR –<br />
Precedential Court Cases<br />
Youjin Choe<br />
Manmeet Dhami<br />
Cammie Dodson<br />
Akshika Patel
+ Colombia<br />
Judgment T-760/08 July 31, 2008<br />
Right to health<br />
Decision C-376/10 <strong>of</strong> the Colombian Constitutional Court<br />
Right to education
+ India<br />
People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union <strong>of</strong> India & Ors<br />
Right to Food<br />
Laxmi Mandal v. Deen Dayal Harinagar Hospital & Ors<br />
Right to Health
+ South Africa<br />
Right to Health<br />
Soobramoney v. Minister <strong>of</strong> Health, 1997<br />
Minister <strong>of</strong> Health, et al. v. Treatment Action Campaign, 2002<br />
Khosa & Ors v. Minister <strong>of</strong> Social Development, 2004<br />
Lindiwe Mazibuko & Others v. City <strong>of</strong> Johannesburg & Others, 2009
+ South Africa<br />
Right to Housing<br />
Port Elizabeth Municipality v. Various Occupiers, 2004<br />
President <strong>of</strong> South Africa and Anor v. Modderklip Boedery (Pty) Ltd, 2005<br />
Occupiers <strong>of</strong> 51 Olivia Road, et al. v. City <strong>of</strong> Johannesburg and others, 2008
+ Section III: Challenges <strong>of</strong><br />
Implementing Rights through<br />
Budgets<br />
Kelsey Bachenberg<br />
Neena Goswamy<br />
Sarah Van Houten<br />
Brittney Riley<br />
Cassie Tillman
+ Efficiency and Effectiveness in<br />
Spending for Realizing ESC Rights<br />
Comparative vs. Cost-effectiveness<br />
Importance <strong>of</strong> Goals<br />
Indicators<br />
Implementation<br />
Techniques to aid prioritization<br />
<strong>Evaluation</strong><br />
Feedback<br />
Accountability/Transparency<br />
Recommendations
+ Under-Expenditure<br />
• Measured in 3 ways<br />
GDP analysis<br />
Foreign aid and private sector involvement<br />
Three component philosophy <strong>of</strong> rights (respect,<br />
protect, fulfill)
+<br />
Reasons for Geographic Disparity<br />
Violation <strong>of</strong> ICESCR<br />
Geographic Disparity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Funding<br />
Discrimination, MAR and Efficiency <strong>of</strong> Spending<br />
Targeting Funds<br />
Successful Targeting<br />
Decentralization and accountability <strong>of</strong> funding<br />
Custom budget targeting mechanisms<br />
Clear transfer <strong>of</strong> information
+ Wasteful Expenditures<br />
• Wasteful Expenditures Corruption<br />
• Example: Mexican Provida vs. Maternal Health<br />
• Justifications for Wasteful Expenditures<br />
• Special Interest Groups and lack <strong>of</strong> incentives<br />
• Recommendations<br />
• More Transparency<br />
• Greater accessibility to information
+ Budget Leakages<br />
Supreme Auditing Institutions<br />
Challenges and Limitations<br />
Civil Society and the Audit<br />
Process<br />
Public Expenditure Tracking<br />
Surveys (PETS), Social Audits,<br />
Information Campaigns<br />
Dissemination <strong>of</strong> Budget<br />
Information<br />
Recommendations<br />
Social audit in India: Mazdoor Kisan Shakti<br />
Sangathan
+ Section IV: Overseas<br />
Development Assistance and<br />
National Policy<br />
Julian Fellerman<br />
Thayer Hastings<br />
Kristen Hess<br />
Jeff Meigs
+ ESCR Accountability in Multilateral<br />
Development Banks<br />
Yacyreta dam: a “monument to<br />
corruption”<br />
World Bank Inspection Panel<br />
Limitations to ESCR promotion<br />
Recommendations
+ Export Credit Agencies:<br />
Cycle <strong>of</strong> Debt and Dependency<br />
Government budgets<br />
For-pr<strong>of</strong>it vs. development<br />
motives<br />
Budget allocation <strong>of</strong> export<br />
credits<br />
Accountability mechanisms<br />
Guiding Principles<br />
Principles for Sustainable<br />
Lending<br />
Common Approaches<br />
Policy Recommendations
+ Bilateral Aid Organizations<br />
USAID, CIDA & JICA<br />
Problems with Bilateral Aid<br />
Organizations:<br />
Problems in Technical<br />
Cooperation<br />
Lack <strong>of</strong> prioritization <strong>of</strong><br />
human rights<br />
Lack <strong>of</strong> human rights<br />
framework<br />
Recommendations
+ Policy by Example<br />
Case Studies<br />
Legislation/constitutional<br />
reform<br />
Women: specialized<br />
programs in health and<br />
land reform.<br />
Minorities/Indigenous<br />
groups: supplement<br />
resources, national<br />
framework.
+<br />
Conclusions<br />
One Budget at a Time…<br />
Committee on Economic, Social and<br />
Cultural Rights UNOG-OHCHR 1211<br />
Geneva Switzerland<br />
cescr@ohchr.org
+<br />
Thank you
+ Task Force 2011<br />
Task Force Advisor<br />
Sanjeev Khagram<br />
Task Force Evaluator<br />
Helena H<strong>of</strong>bauer<br />
Task Force Members<br />
Kelsey Bachenberg<br />
Alizeh Bhojani (Editor)<br />
Elisa Casey<br />
Youjin Choe<br />
Manmeet Dhami<br />
Cammie Dodson<br />
Julian Fellerman<br />
Neena Goswamy<br />
Thayer Hastings<br />
Kristen Hess<br />
Sarah Van Houten<br />
Naomi Joswiak<br />
Giselle Lopez (Coordinator/Editor)<br />
Jeff Meigs<br />
Akshika Patel<br />
Brittney Riley<br />
Emilia Sternberg<br />
Cassie Tillman
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