Number 1 - National Center for Science Education

Werth An Evolutionary Focus Improves Students’ Understanding of All Biology
a ppe n d I x 3
General biology textbooks used during the ten years of this study:
1994–1995 Levine & Miller, Biology: Discovering Life, 2nd ed. (Heath, 1994)
1995–1996 Wallace, Sanders, Ferl: Biology: The Science of Life, 4th ed. (HarperCollins, 1996)
1996–1997 Arms & Camp: Biology, 4th ed. (Saunders, 1995)
1997–1998 Raven & Johnson: Biology, 4th ed. (William C Brown, 1996)
1998–1999 Starr & Taggart: Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 8th ed. (Wadsworth, 1998)
1999–2000 Guttman: Biology (WCB/McGraw-Hill, 1999)
2000–2001 Cain, Damman, Lue, Yoon: Discover Biology (Sinauer/Norton, 2000)
2001–2002 Cain, Damman, Lue, Yoon: Discover Biology (Sinauer/Norton, 2000)
2002–2003 Cain, Damman, Lue, Yoon: Discover Biology, 2nd ed. (Sinauer/Norton, 2002)
2003–2004 Cain, Damman, Lue, Yoon: Discover Biology, 2nd ed. (Sinauer/Norton, 2002)
For the study’s last five years (evolutionary focus), students were also required to read and write
essays about Allen & Baker, Biology: Scientific Process and Social Issues (Fitzgerald Science Press,
2001).
Despite the use of seven textbooks during the ten-year period, the syllabus was virtually the same
for each half of the study, so that course resources were a minor influence on differences in student
learning from year to year.
Copyright 2013 by Alexander J Werth; licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-
Commercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
RNCSE 33.1, 3.18 20
January-February 2013