What Is the International Monetary Fund? - the JVI eCampus!
What Is the International Monetary Fund? - the JVI eCampus!
What Is the International Monetary Fund? - the JVI eCampus!
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The IMF's Purposes<br />
- 6 -<br />
Box 2<br />
The purposes of <strong>the</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Monetary</strong> <strong>Fund</strong> are:<br />
i. To promote international monetary cooperation through a permanent institution which<br />
provides <strong>the</strong> machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems.<br />
ii. To facilitate <strong>the</strong> expansion and balanced growth of international trade, and to contribute<br />
<strong>the</strong>reby to <strong>the</strong> promotion and maintenance of high levels of employment and real income and to<br />
<strong>the</strong> development of <strong>the</strong> productive resources of all members as primary objectives of economic<br />
policy.<br />
iii. To promote exchange stability, to maintain orderly exchange arrangements among<br />
members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation.<br />
iv. To assist in <strong>the</strong> establishment of a multilateral system of payments in respect of current<br />
transactions between members and in <strong>the</strong> elimination of foreign exchange restrictions which<br />
hamper <strong>the</strong> growth of world trade.<br />
v. To give confidence to members by making <strong>the</strong> general resources of <strong>the</strong> <strong>Fund</strong> temporarily<br />
available to <strong>the</strong>m under adequate safeguards, thus providing <strong>the</strong>m with opportunity to correct<br />
maladjustments in <strong>the</strong>ir balance of payments without resorting to measures destructive of<br />
national or international prosperity.<br />
vi. In accordance with <strong>the</strong> above, to shorten <strong>the</strong> duration and lessen <strong>the</strong> degree of<br />
disequilibrium in <strong>the</strong> international balances of payments of members.<br />
The <strong>Fund</strong> shall be guided in all its policies and decisions by <strong>the</strong> purposes set forth in this Article.<br />
From Article I of <strong>the</strong> IMF's Articles of Agreement<br />
The expansion of <strong>the</strong> IMF's membership, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> changes in <strong>the</strong> world economy,<br />
have required <strong>the</strong> IMF to adapt in a variety of ways to continue serving its purposes<br />
effectively.<br />
Countries that joined <strong>the</strong> IMF between 1945 and 1971 agreed to keep <strong>the</strong>ir exchange rates<br />
(in effect, <strong>the</strong> value of <strong>the</strong>ir currencies in terms of <strong>the</strong> U.S. dollar, and in <strong>the</strong> case of <strong>the</strong><br />
United States, <strong>the</strong> value of <strong>the</strong> U.S. dollar in terms of gold) pegged at rates that could be<br />
adjusted, but only to correct a "fundamental disequilibrium" in <strong>the</strong> balance of payments and<br />
with <strong>the</strong> IMF's concurrence. This so-called Bretton Woods system of exchange rates<br />
prevailed until 1971 when <strong>the</strong> U.S. government suspended <strong>the</strong> convertibility of <strong>the</strong><br />
U.S. dollar (and dollar reserves held by o<strong>the</strong>r governments) into gold.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong>n, IMF members have been free to choose any form of exchange arrangement <strong>the</strong>y<br />
wish (except pegging <strong>the</strong>ir currency to gold): some now allow <strong>the</strong>ir currency to float freely,<br />
some peg <strong>the</strong>ir currency to ano<strong>the</strong>r currency or a group of currencies, some have adopted <strong>the</strong><br />
currency of ano<strong>the</strong>r country as <strong>the</strong>ir own, and some participate in currency blocs.