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South African Choral Music (Amakwaya): Song, Contest and the ...

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Table of Contents<br />

10<br />

PART THREE:<br />

REPERTOIRE:<br />

NEGOTIATION, TRADITION AND THE MODERN<br />

THE SECTIONALISED REPERTOIRE OF AMAKwAYA<br />

10.1 The Sectionalised Repertoire<br />

10.2 Visual Representation<br />

10.3 Phenomenology of <strong>the</strong> Sectionalised Repertoire<br />

11<br />

NEO-TRADITIONAL SONGS<br />

11.1 Tracing <strong>the</strong> Historical Roots: <strong>the</strong> Process of a Traditional Zulu Wedding 284<br />

11.2 Factors ofNegotiation: <strong>African</strong> <strong>and</strong> Western Elements in Modernised Wedding <strong>Song</strong>s<br />

11.2.1 Oral Culture<br />

11.2.2 Cyclic Form <strong>and</strong> Repetition<br />

11.2.3 Call-Response<br />

11.2.4 Interlocking <strong>and</strong> Interrhythm<br />

11.2.5 Falling Melody Lines<br />

11.2.6 Root Progression <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Development of <strong>the</strong> I_IV_I 6/4 _V_I Ostinato<br />

11.2.7 Perfonnance Practice<br />

11.3 Summary<br />

12<br />

AFRICAN ECLECTIC COMPOSITIONS<br />

12.1 The Process ofComposing<br />

12.1.1 Tonic Sol-fa: Implications ofa <strong>Music</strong>al Tool<br />

12.2 Periodisation of<strong>African</strong> Eclectic Compositions<br />

12.2.1 First Period<br />

Ntsikana Gaba: An <strong>African</strong> Prophet <strong>and</strong> his <strong>Music</strong><br />

12.2.2 Second period<br />

Early <strong>Choral</strong> Composers <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Imitation ofHymns<br />

12.2.2.1 John Knox Bokwe: Amaculo ase Lovedale<br />

12.2.2.2 Enoch Sontonga: "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika"<br />

12.2.2.3 John L. Dube: Amagama Abantu<br />

12.2.3 Third Period<br />

Integration of<strong>African</strong> Elements: The Use ofRhythm<br />

12.2.4 Fourth Period<br />

Traditional Aes<strong>the</strong>tics <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Renaissance ofNtsikana's Hymns<br />

12.2.5 Fifth Period<br />

Large Scale Works with Orchestra: UShaka <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Birth ofan <strong>African</strong> Opera<br />

12.2.5.1 An Epic in <strong>Music</strong> <strong>and</strong> Praise Poetry: UShaka<br />

VII<br />

273<br />

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337

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