Sample A: Cover Page of Thesis, Project, or Dissertation Proposal

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all the members of my committee for their invaluable mentoring and guidance in writing this dissertation: Dr. Charles Bailey (Director), Dr. Assaf Anyamba Dr. Ken Linthicum, Dr. James Willett, Dr. David Wong and Dr. Cody Edwards. I am very grateful to my mother Barbara Kagey for sharing her programming expertise. If not for Mom’s help, I would still be entering and standardizing mosquito surveillance data. I would also like to extend my appreciation to Mrs. Penny Masuoka and Dr. Seth Britch for sharing their expertise in using remote sensing data in the ArcGIS and MaxEnt programs, and for their guidance in the doctoral process. I’d also like to thank my fellow GIS student and now PhD, Dr. Michelle Colacicco, for sharing ecological niche modeling problems and solutions. I could not have done this without the encouragement and help of my husband Mark and my daughter Piper, my family, and my friends. Thanks go out to the Air Force for giving me the opportunity to complete my doctorate, and to my boss and co-workers for putting up with my “vacation days” to complete this dissertation. iv
Lastly, I would like to thank all of the people who have provided data for this research: Mr. Charles Abadam Suffolk County Mosquito Control Dr. Jorge Arias Fairfax Health Department Vector Control Mr. Randy Buchanan Henrico County Mosquito Control Ms. Lane Carr Henrico County Mosquito Control Mr. Mitch Burcham Langley AFB, VA Ms. Patricia Ferrao Alexandria Health Department Vector Control Dr. Aftab Hussain Arlington Health Department Vector Control Mr. Muhammad Tauseef Ahmad Arlington Health Department Vector Control Mr. Norman Grefe Norfolk Health Department Vector Control Ms. Penny Smelser Norfolk Health Department Vector Control Dr. Valerie Stallings Norfolk Health Department Mr. Marcus Leeper Newport News Mosquito Control Mr. Tim DuBois Newport News Mosquito Control Mr. Jake Lekan Alleghany, Covington, Roanoke Dr. Charles McComb Gloucester County Mosquito Survey Ms. Dreda McCreary Virginia Beach Vector Control Mr. Ben McLaurin Prince William County Mosquito Control Mr. Andrew Lima Clarke Mosquito Control Dr. Sally Paulson VPI&SU Department of Entomology Dr. Jim Rindfleish York County Mosquito Control Ms. Lisa Wagenbrenner Hampton Mosquito Control Mr. Jason Williams Chesapeake Mosquito Control Mr. Jason Pevear Chesapeake Mosquito Control Mr. George Wojcik Portsmouth Vector Control Mr. Mike Harrison Portsmouth Vector Control Dr. David Gaines Virginia State Entomologist Dr. Chris Barker UC Davis, PhD Mr. Andrew Fox United States Department of Agriculture Mr. Rick Odom Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Mr. Matt Knox Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries Mr. Nelson LaFon Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries Mr. Stu Blankenship Virginia Information Technologies Agency Mr. Ryan Miller United States Department of Agriculture Mr. Ed Pak National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dr. Seth Britch United States Department of Agriculture v
Page 1 and 2: Using Remote Sensing, Ecological Ni
Page 3: DEDICATION This is dedicated to my
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 4: RESULTS ................
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 2.1 Kn
Page 11 and 12: AUC - Area Under the Curve LIST OF
Page 13 and 14: ABSTRACT USING REMOTE SENSING, ECOL
Page 15 and 16: Keywords Rift Valley fever, risk as
Page 17 and 18: systematically inventory and monito
Page 19 and 20: populations), human demographics an
Page 21 and 22: The geographic distribution of pote
Page 23 and 24: human and animal health, economic l
Page 25 and 26: 1.8 ORGANIZATION OF DISSERTATION Th
Page 27 and 28: (e.g., ether, chloroform), detergen
Page 29 and 30: (Imam et al. 1979, Davies and Marti
Page 31 and 32: have demonstrated that wild ruminan
Page 33 and 34: flooding of grassland depressions c
Page 35 and 36: and created mosquito breeding habit
Page 37 and 38: may transmit the RVF virus mechanic
Page 39 and 40: virus during inter-epizootic period
Page 41 and 42: grown by nearly 9% per year (Tatem
Page 43 and 44: animals during RVF outbreaks or col
Page 45 and 46: sufficient and continued contact be
Page 47 and 48: Environmental factors are directly
Page 49 and 50: animals could arrive in an uninfect
Page 51 and 52: GIS technology and RS data has been
Page 53 and 54: NDVI is calculated as a normalized
Page 55 and 56:
In September 2006, the RVF forecast
Page 57 and 58:
In the U.S. RVF is not present and
Page 59 and 60:
changes in mosquito populations in
Page 61 and 62:
hosts that are widely dispersed thr
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mountain range of the Appalachian M
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The land area of Hampton Roads incl
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52 Table 3.1. Primary data sets and
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Table 3.2. Sources of Virginia mosq
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Figure 3.3. Cattle Density in Virgi
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Figure 3.6. 2006 Deer Abundance Est
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Land-Cover Global land-cover data a
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Figure 3.8. Virginia Land-cover Nor
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Figure 3.9. June 2006 Normalized Di
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Table 3.4. Worldclim interpolated c
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3.2.5 DATA PROCESSING All data sets
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normalize differences among surveil
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for three regions of Virginia - Nor
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Correlation analyses The Pearson‟
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of maximum entropy (i.e., that is m
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When test data are available, MaxEn
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Algebra tool in the ArcGIS Spatial
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS 4.1 POTENTIAL RV
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1. If a native U.S. vector can tran
Page 101 and 102:
Bioecology of Species Selected for
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ditches, animal waste lagoons, and
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90 Mosquito Species Typical Habitat
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The majority of mosquitoes were col
Page 109 and 110:
Table 4.5. Virginia competent vecto
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Page 113 and 114:
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4.3 MOSQUITO DENSITY CORRELATIONS W
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102 Table 4.8. Mean and range of ea
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Regional graphical analyses In Figu
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Population Density (mean daily trap
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Competent vector species were plott
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Predictor correlation analyses Whil
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temperature of the coldest month (b
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data. Mosquito populations tend to
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120 Predictor Variable Northern Vir
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122 was 0.003. At this threshold, t
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124 The Jackknife test of variable
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126 4.5 RISK OF RVF ESTABLISHMENT A
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128 The weighted suitability modeli
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CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 5.1 ENVIRONME
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heavily on rainfall as do the predo
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5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL-CLIMATIC VARIABLE
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study; predicted suitable habitat w
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state. The high risk in this region
Page 155 and 156:
The results of this study indicate
Page 157 and 158:
It is recommended that species dive
Page 159 and 160:
individually and over smaller time
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146 APPENDIX A: RVF COMPETENT VECTO
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148 Figure A.3. Ae. sollicitans dis
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150 Figure A.5. Ae. triseriatus dis
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152 Figure A.7. Cx. pipiens distrib
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154 Figure A.9. Cx. salinarius dist
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Desiccation - drying. Diapause - ph
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Larva - immature form of certain or
Page 175 and 176:
Vector competence - the vector comp
Page 177 and 178:
REFERENCES Ackerman GA, Giroux J. A
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Brown H, Duik-Wasser M, Andreadis T
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Diallo M, Nabeth P, Ba K, Sall AA,
Page 183 and 184:
Glass GE, Cheek JE, Patz JA, Shield
Page 185 and 186:
Komar O, Robbins MB, Klenk K, Blitv
Page 187 and 188:
NASA Earth Observatory (EO) Measuri
Page 189 and 190:
Phillips SJ, Dudík M, Schapire RE.
Page 191 and 192:
Tatem AJ, Hay SI, Rogers DJ. Global
Page 193 and 194:
WHO Disease Outbreak News [Internet
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