From Passivhaus to Active House
From Passivhaus to Active House
From Passivhaus to Active House
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London, May 17th, 2011<br />
Manfred Hegger<br />
<strong>From</strong> <strong>Passivhaus</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Active</strong> <strong>House</strong><br />
Sustainable and Energy Efficient Architecture<br />
1
Energy Issues in Building<br />
2
3 His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | The Megaron <strong>House</strong> (Socrates)<br />
Quelle: Solpower
4<br />
1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | Roman Urban Design<br />
Priene
5<br />
1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | Passive Solar Cooling<br />
Kasbah, Draa-Tal, Marokko Quelle: Solpower
6<br />
1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | Built Form <strong>to</strong> protect from the Cold<br />
Pieter Breughel
7 1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | The Ticino <strong>House</strong> – Climatic Zoning
8 1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | The Modern Movement
9 1. His<strong>to</strong>ry of Architecture | The Modern Movement
10 Architecture in Search of a Compass
Sustainable Architecture?<br />
11
12<br />
LEED CA BREEAM<br />
LEED<br />
SICES<br />
LEED BR<br />
HQE<br />
International Certification Systems<br />
DGNB<br />
TQ<br />
MINERGIE-ECO<br />
LEED VAE<br />
LEED IN<br />
Green Star<br />
Green Star NZ<br />
CASBEE<br />
EEWH
13<br />
Number of<br />
Buildings<br />
Voluntary Incentive System<br />
Bronze<br />
Legal Regulations<br />
The German DGNB System | A vountary incentive system<br />
Silver<br />
Gold<br />
Building Performance
14<br />
2. DGNB Certification system: holistic building evaluation<br />
• 6 areas of evaluation<br />
• 49 criteria<br />
The German DGNB System | holistic buidling evaluation
15<br />
Weighting of evaluation areas<br />
Protection Area Natural Environment Natural Resources Health Economic Value Social & Cultural Values<br />
Protection Goal<br />
Assessment Ecological<br />
2. DGNB Certification System for Sustainable Building<br />
Protection of the<br />
Environment<br />
Protection of Natural<br />
Resources<br />
Quality<br />
Decreased Life-Cycle Costs<br />
Guarantee of Economical<br />
Value<br />
Economical<br />
Quality<br />
22,5% 22,5%<br />
The German DGNB System | Evaluation Areas/Weighting<br />
Technical Quality<br />
Process Quality<br />
Site Quality<br />
Assurance of Health &<br />
Thermal Comfort<br />
People-friendly Surroundings<br />
/ Guarantee of Social and<br />
Cultural Value<br />
Sociocultural<br />
and Functional<br />
22,5%<br />
22,5%<br />
10,0%<br />
Quality
Ecological quality<br />
Economical quality<br />
Sociocultural & functional quality<br />
Technical quality<br />
Process quality<br />
Site quality<br />
16 | © DGNB 2010<br />
16<br />
2. DGNB Certification System for Sustainable Building<br />
The German DGNB System | Criteria
17<br />
• Independent, transparent certification system<br />
• Objective Criteria and Benchmarks<br />
• Calculation of Eco-balance via Environmental Product<br />
Declarations (EPD’s)<br />
• Transparent Risk Management<br />
• Pre-Certificate – goal definition and integrated planning at an<br />
early stage<br />
• Calculation of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and -Analysis (LCA)<br />
• Breakdown of results<br />
The German DGNB System | 2nd generation Certification System
Embodied Energy<br />
18
1995 Gründerzentrum Hamm<br />
19 Eco Centre Hamm (HHS)
20 Eco Centre Hamm (HHS) | Flexibility, Energy Efficiency
21 Eco Centre Hamm (HHS) | Recycling, Insulation
22 Eco Centre Hamm (HHS) | Integrated Hot Air collec<strong>to</strong>r
23<br />
Materiality | Lightness<br />
MVRDV; Erweiterung eines Krankenhauses
24<br />
Materiality | Lightness<br />
MVRDV; Erweiterung eines Krankenhauses
25<br />
Materiality | Re-use<br />
Luczak Architekten; Wohnen im Hochbunker
26 Materiality | Re-use
27 Materiality | Re-use
28 Materiality I Hessencampus Wolfhagen (HHS) | <strong>From</strong> former barracks/tank shelter …
29 Materiality I Hessencampus Wolfhagen (HHS) | … in<strong>to</strong> vocational training centre
Rohs<strong>to</strong>ff-Abbau<br />
Vorprodukte-Herstellung<br />
Recycling<br />
Herstellung<br />
Entsorgung Quelle: PE International / IBP Uni Stuttgart<br />
Nutzungsphase<br />
30 Materiality | Materials Life Cycle<br />
13. Mai 2011 | Fachbereich Architektur | Institut Entwerfen und Energieeffizientes Bauen | Prof. Manfred
31<br />
Materiality | Materials Choice, Eco-Balance Data<br />
Quelle: Baus<strong>to</strong>ffatlas
32 Materialien | Information
<strong>Passivhaus</strong><br />
33
Office Building/Passive <strong>House</strong> Kassel/Germany, HHS Planer + Architekten<br />
34 Enery Efficient Building | Passive <strong>House</strong> Standard Office Building 1995 (HHS)
35<br />
Enery Efficient Building | Passive <strong>House</strong> Building Form 1995 (HHS)<br />
Office Building/Passive <strong>House</strong> Kassel/Germany, HHS Planer + Architekten
36<br />
Enery Efficient Building | Use of Solar Radiation and Sun Protection<br />
Office Building/Passive <strong>House</strong> Kassel/Germany, HHS Planer + Architekten
37 Enery Efficient Building | Insulation Standards and Natural Ventilation
38 Enery Efficient Building | Intermediary Climatc Zone and Energy Production
<strong>Active</strong> <strong>House</strong><br />
39
2000 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne<br />
40 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten)
41 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Micro-climatic envelope<br />
Buckminster Fuller: Manhattan
42 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Associated resesarch
43 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Brown field site renewal
44 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Simplicity
45<br />
Jourda+Perraudin/ HHS Planer & Architekten; Fortbildungsakademie<br />
Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Barrier-free circulation
46<br />
Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Access for all<br />
Jourda+Perraudin/ HHS Planer & Architekten; Fortbildungsakademie
47<br />
Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne | Energy-producing building envelope<br />
Jourda Architectes/ HHS Planer & Architekten; Fortbildungsakademie
48 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | BIPV
49 Akademie Mont-Cenis Herne (Jourda/HHS Architekten) | Surplus energy
50 Energy Demand | Requirements, Building practice and Pilot Projects
51 Energy Demand | Development of <strong>to</strong>tal energy demand for housing
Grafikquelle: eigene Darstellung<br />
Informationsquelle: Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Globale Umweltveränderungen WBGU<br />
52 Energy | The future of global energy provision<br />
Other renewable<br />
Solar thermal<br />
Solar electrical<br />
Wind<br />
Biomass<br />
Water power<br />
Nuclear<br />
Natural Gas<br />
Coal<br />
Oil
53<br />
WORLD ENERGY DEMAND<br />
16 TWh per year<br />
Quelle: Velux Model Home 2020<br />
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES/a FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
Solar<br />
23.000 TWhper year<br />
Tides<br />
0.3 TWh year<br />
Energy | Available resources<br />
Wind<br />
25-70 TWh per year<br />
Waves<br />
0.2-2 TWh per year<br />
Otec<br />
3-11 TWh per year<br />
Biomass<br />
2-6 TWh per year<br />
Hydro<br />
3-4 TWh per year<br />
Geothermal<br />
0.3-2 TWh per year<br />
Natural gas<br />
215 TWh <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
Petroleum<br />
240 TWh <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
Uranium<br />
90-300 TWh <strong>to</strong>tal<br />
Coal<br />
900TWh <strong>to</strong>tal
54 Energy | Information
Plus Energy <strong>House</strong>s<br />
55
2007 Solar Decathlon TU Darmstadt<br />
56 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007, Washing<strong>to</strong>n (TU Darmstadt)
57 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Communication
58<br />
Eingang/Arbeitsplatz<br />
Wohnzone<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Adaptability
59 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Space Economy
60<br />
Essbereich<br />
Schlafbereich<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Materials Economy
Bad<br />
61<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Adaptability
62 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Productive Facades
63<br />
Building design means<br />
. Compact building form<br />
. Highly insulated<br />
. Passive solar gains<br />
. Heat s<strong>to</strong>rage<br />
. Natural ventilation<br />
. Efficient sun protection<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Passive Means
64<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | <strong>Active</strong> Means<br />
Technical means<br />
. Pho<strong>to</strong>voltaic cells<br />
. Solar thermal collec<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
. Heat pumps/heat recovery
65<br />
09 Energy Balance (Energiebilanz)<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2007 | Energy balance
66<br />
Solar Decathlon 2007 | Competition Results<br />
01 Architecture (Architektur)<br />
02 Engineering (Konstruktion und Technik)<br />
03 Communications + Documentation (PR)<br />
04 Appliances (Haushaltsgeräte)<br />
05 Market Viabilitiy (Vermarktungsstrategie)<br />
06 Comfort Zone (Behaglichkeit)<br />
07 Hot Water (Duschkontest)<br />
08 Lighting (Tages- und Kunstlicht)<br />
09 Energy Balance (Energiebilanz)<br />
10 Getting Around (Elektroau<strong>to</strong>)
2009 Plus Energy Home<br />
67 German Federal Government Plus Energy Exhibition Building | Touring Germany
68 Plus Energy Exhibition Building | Details
2009 Solar Decathlon TU Darmstadt<br />
69 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon, Washing<strong>to</strong>n 2009 (TU Darmstadt)
Solar Decathlon 2009 – ground floor<br />
70<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Ground Floor
Solar Decathlon 2009 – longitudinal section<br />
71<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Section
Solar Decathlon 2009 - energy concept<br />
72<br />
2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Heating and Ventilation
73 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Design and Build
75 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Assembly on the Mall
76 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Energy proding facades
78 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Interior
79 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009
82 2015 Pro<strong>to</strong>type Home - Solar Decathlon 2009 | Moni<strong>to</strong>ring on Campus
2009 Inverter Fac<strong>to</strong>ry Kassel<br />
83 CO 2 -neutral fac<strong>to</strong>ry Kassel 2009 (HHS) |
84 CO 2 -neutral fac<strong>to</strong>ry Kassel 2009 (HHS) | starting operation
85 CO 2 -neutral fac<strong>to</strong>ry Kassel 2009 (HHS) | CO 2 -neutral production
2010 Solar Academy Kassel<br />
86 Solarakademie Niestetal (HHS) | Energy Self-sufficient Building
87 Solarakademie Niestetal (HHS) | Energy-prodicing Roof and Facade
88 Solarakademie Niestetal (HHS) | Sustainable Building Construction
89 Solarakademie Niestetal (HHS) | New Architectural Imagery
Sustainable Cities<br />
90
91 Widen Systems Thinking from Building <strong>to</strong> Urban Level
92<br />
1. Strengthen urban independence<br />
Safeguard urban future<br />
Improve environmental qualities<br />
Reduce vulnerability<br />
Improve urban self-esteem<br />
Transport<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 1. Strengthen urban independence<br />
Gebäude<br />
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, Planungen für eine Null-Energie-Stadt Quelle: www.dlr.de
2. Use current wealth of Societies<br />
Take regard of Paradigm Change<br />
Tackle Costs early<br />
Economic virtues of Climate Protection<br />
Introduce Incentives<br />
Reduce Money Transfer for Energy Leave Das Geld in der Stadt lassen<br />
93<br />
Transport<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 2. Make use of current wealth<br />
Gebäude<br />
Quelle: Brand eins
94<br />
3. Use existing technologies<br />
Energy efficienca technologies are around<br />
Backlash of use<br />
Impulse for economic development<br />
Impulse for Research<br />
Strategies | 3. Use existing technologies Nutzung<br />
Academy Mont-Cenis Herne, Jourda Architectes/HHS Planer + Architekten
95<br />
Transport<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 4. Adapt Organisational Structures<br />
4. Adapt<br />
Structures<br />
Administration<br />
Politics<br />
Decisison Making Processes<br />
Organisational Set-ups<br />
Professions<br />
Education<br />
Anzeige Königswinter Netzwork Quelle: Brand eins
96<br />
5. Overcome Hindrances<br />
Fight Apathy<br />
Detect Green Washing<br />
Mobilise Opinion Leaders<br />
Transport<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 65 Overcome hindrances<br />
Gebäude<br />
Instandhaltung von Stromkabeln Quelle: www.fo<strong>to</strong>community.de
6. Support the<br />
vulnerable<br />
Poor<br />
Elderly<br />
Ill<br />
Children<br />
97<br />
Transport<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 5. Support the vulnerable<br />
Gebäude
7. Improve Communication<br />
Disseminate Information<br />
Create Visibility<br />
Publicise<br />
Communicate Examples<br />
98 Strategies | 7. Improve communication
99<br />
8. Analyse potentials<br />
Building and Infrastructure Mapping<br />
Analyse Efficiency Potentials<br />
Analyse Potentials of renewable Energy Sources<br />
Search for S<strong>to</strong>rage Transport Potentials<br />
Industrie<br />
Strategies | 8. Analyse Potentials - Energy Mapping<br />
Gebäude<br />
Lower Manhatten, Quelle: http://people.carle<strong>to</strong>n.edu/~browna/newyorkmosaic_lg.jpg
100 Solar Potentials | Digital Environmental Analysis Tools
Traditional Field<br />
Quelle: George Kavanagh<br />
101<br />
Land Potentials | Energy Landscaping<br />
Energy landscape<br />
Miscanthus field - „Neue Gärten“ bei Schloss Dyck<br />
Quelle: Stiftung Schloss Dyck
2013 Energiebunker Hamburg<br />
102 Built Potentials | Re-Use, Multi-Use (IBA Hamburg, HHS Architekten)
103 Built Potentials | Re-Use, Multi-Use (IBA Hamburg, HHS Architekten)
Our challenges<br />
104
105 Challenges | Land use<br />
129 ha/d
40 %<br />
106 Challenges | Climate protection, CO 2 -emissions
107 Challenges | Resource use<br />
50 %
60 %<br />
108 Challenges | Waste, missing materials cycles
109<br />
Ressourcenschonendes Bauen<br />
Energieeffizient Bauen<br />
… moreover, the EU member states shall safeguard until 31. December 2018, all new buildings <strong>to</strong><br />
produce as much energy as they consume […]<br />
Challenges | Political goals - EU 2019
110 Challenges | Professional manifestum 2009
With sustainable<br />
architecture and<br />
engineering we can<br />
deliver a decisive<br />
contribution <strong>to</strong><br />
necessary change in<br />
utilizing our limited<br />
natural resources<br />
111<br />
We need <strong>to</strong> ...<br />
come <strong>to</strong> an ecological chance by changing our<br />
ways <strong>to</strong> plan and design our cities and buildings,<br />
We want ...<br />
the future-safe city,<br />
We aim at ...<br />
ressource saving architecture und engineering,<br />
We call for ...<br />
A sharpened focus on sustainable development,<br />
We will ...<br />
Produce credible dedication <strong>to</strong> these aims by our<br />
personal commitment,<br />
Challenges | Setting new professional goals – accepting change of paradigm<br />
….
112
Thank you for your attention<br />
113<br />
www.ee.tu-darmstadt.de<br />
www.solardecathlon.de<br />
www.solardecathlon2009.de<br />
www.hhs-architekten.de<br />
www.dgnb.de
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