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93 Joshi L The survey conducted in 2007 in the three locations in Aceh and Nias also produced a list of ‘tree species local people want’ (Table 4). Tree crops, particularly rubber and cocoa, were the most preferred except in Pidie. Pandanus species used for handicrafts is more wanted by local people in the coastal area in Pidie. Annual crops seem important only in the coastal area of West Aceh. The findings are not surprising and are consistent with the contribution of these to overall income sources (Table 2). Table 4. Tree species people want (% respondents) Coastal area Inland area W Aceh Pidie Nias W Aceh Pidie Nias Tree crops 61.3 52 66.7 93.8 90 65.7 Clonal rubber 45.2 57.6 59.4 51.4 Cocoa 6.5 9.1 31.3 77.4 14.3 Coconut 6.5 13.8 Oil palm 3.2 3.1 3.2 Areca nut 9.7 Pandanus 37.9 Timber trees 3.2 3.4 24.2 34.3 Fruit trees 6.9 3.2 Annual crops 22.6 3.4 3.1 6.5 No interest 12.9 34.5 9.1 3.1 Source: Budidarsono et al. 2007. PRESSURE ON NATURAL RESOURCES During the ‘construction boom’ phase (for about 3 years following the Tsunami), the high demand for construction materials (sand, stone, timber and brick) has led to intensified logging and sand/rock mining activities throughout Aceh and Nias. Reconstruction works, mainly in the coastal areas, in Aceh have already used an estimated 850,000 cubic meters of illegal logs (nearly 50% of the total timber used). It is estimated that illegal logging is destroying around 20,769 ha of rain forest each year in Aceh. Most of this is in the inland areas that had remained relatively intact during the conflict years. The deforestation sharply intensified after the earthquake and Tsunami. The price of rice doubled within a year after the Tsunami, leading to clearance of more land for growing rice. The clearance of peat area for human settlements and oil palm plantations is also an environmental problem. ReGrIn PROJECT Given the importance of tree crops for both economic and environmental development in Aceh and Nias, in 2006 ICRAF and partners initiated a project Rebuilding Green Infrastructure with International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
94 Joshi L Trees People Want (Trees, Resilience and Livelihood Recovery in the Tsunami-affected Coastal Zone of Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia) with funding support the EU Asia Pro Eco-II programme. The ReGrIn project is promoting economically valuable trees in the coastal landscape in tsunami and earthquake damaged areas of West Aceh and North Nias. These productive ‘trees people want’ contribute to an enhanced resilience of the local communities to natural disasters and helps expedite livelihood recovery and economic development. The ReGrIn project is focusing on 10 villages in West Aceh and North Nias, both in tsunami-affected and unaffected areas. The project includes: • Comprehensively assessing damage to the natural resources and impacts on the livelihoods of the coastal zone population in West Aceh and Nias. • Developing action plans to target rehabilitation in affected areas with economically valuable tree crops that have been selected on the basis of site-tree matching, remote sensing and soil data. • Producing high quality planting material of tree species people want, with training and support provided to farmers, government and NGO officials • In the long-term, establishing local processing facilities for tree products and developing special markets and trade in developed countries for products from natural disaster affected areas. Local people are involved throughout the project, from damage assessment through to plan development and implementation. ICRAF and partners are providing technical assistance to farmers, local government and other institutions to improve land use planning and ensure there is integration between the coastal and upland areas. The sustainability of the ReGrIn project is enhanced by focusing on trees that people want and which positively contribute to their livelihoods. Through building social capital, improving market links for tree products, and providing farmers with opportunities to continually build their knowledge and skills, there is greater potential for long-term success and impact of project activities. It is hoped results and lessons from the ReGrIn project, including the role of tree crops in disaster mitigation and socio-economic recovery, and the impacts of emergency response efforts on the tree crop sector will be valuable in unfortunate events of natural disasters in future. International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
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Proceedings International Workshop
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iii FOREWORD The active subduction
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Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
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Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
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ix sediment, soil and water salinit
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xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
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1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
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3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
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5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
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7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
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9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
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2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
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4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
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Figure 18. The decision support sys
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Figure 20. Observation perspective
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Figure 23. Five in one information
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21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
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23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
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25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
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27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
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29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
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31 Niino Y − Income generation th
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33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
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35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
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37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
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39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
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CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
Page 56 and 57: 43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
Page 58 and 59: 45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
Page 60 and 61: 47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
Page 62 and 63: 49 Slavich et al. factors observed
Page 64 and 65: 51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
Page 66 and 67: 53 Rachman et al. measured using th
Page 68 and 69: 55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
Page 70 and 71: 57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
Page 72 and 73: 59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
Page 74 and 75: Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
Page 76 and 77: 63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
Page 78 and 79: 65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
Page 80 and 81: 67 Agus F of North America, Europe
Page 82 and 83: International Workshop on Post Tsun
Page 84 and 85: IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitabi
Page 86 and 87: 73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
Page 88 and 89: 75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
Page 90 and 91: Nagapattinam Background Geographica
Page 92 and 93: 79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
Page 94 and 95: 81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
Page 96 and 97: 83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
Page 98 and 99: 1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
Page 100 and 101: 87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
Page 102 and 103: 89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
Page 104 and 105: POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
Page 110 and 111: 97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
Page 112 and 113: 99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
Page 114 and 115: 101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
Page 116 and 117: 103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
Page 118 and 119: 105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
Page 120 and 121: 107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
Page 122 and 123: 109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
Page 124 and 125: 111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135: 121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137: 123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139: 125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141: 127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143: MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145: 131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147: 133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149: 135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 150 and 151: 137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 152 and 153: 139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before th
Page 154 and 155: 141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major
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143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
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145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
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147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
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CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
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151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
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153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
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155 Sammut et al. associated manage
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157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
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159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
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161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
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163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
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165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
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REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
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169 List of Participants Internatio
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171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
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173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
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175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
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177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
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179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
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