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141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major constraint in agriculture in the humid tropics is water availability for the evapo-transpiration of the crop canopy, precipitation is the climatic factor with the highest priority. Along the entire west coast up to the mountain watersheds of Aceh Barat district is characterized by more than 9 consecutive wet months (a wet month has a long term average rainfall of 200 mm or more and a dry month has a long term average rainfall of 100 mm or less). In Meulaboh all months receive over 200 mm with two peaks (April, October). February is generally below 200 mm. In the dry inland plain and large areas on the upper slopes of the Bukit Barisan, mainly characterized by 7-9 wet months with a dry period of less than two months. (Oldeman et al., 1999 and Bappeda Kabupaten Aceh Barat, 2005). The major variation in temperature is related to the elevation above sea level. Average temperature for Meulaboh is 28.8 o C with annual average minimum and maximum temperature are 23.6 o C and 32.2 o C respectively. The annual fluctuation of temperature is small. The difference between the warmest month (around April and May) and the coldest month (December, January) is less than 2 o C for both maximum and minimum temperature. The majority of areas affected by the tsunami were part of the tidal and alluvial plain. The area is relatively flat, with slope of less than 3% and interrupted by some depression, in term of geomorphology belong to marine, alluvial and peat dome, and tectonic plain physiographic groups. Tectonic plain in this region is ancient marine terraces uplifted by tectonic activity, resulting in undulating to rolling terrain and situated closed to affected tsunami disaster areas. Alluvial Group are situated in the area which is formed by recent or sub-recent alluvial deposition (rivers, depression) and fully determined by the landform resulting from such deposition (levees, backswamps, meanders, river terraces, etc.). Marine Group, which areas formed by recent tidal (saline and brackish) deposition (estuarine, coastal, lagoon/ swale), including coral reefs, and deltas. Peat Domes groups usually convex, rainfed peat deposits, generally found on part of coastal plains and depression (closed basin). Depression peats are included in the peat domes group. Soil Characteristisc in this study area have been developed from marine and fluviatile deposits with or without mantled of organic matter. Soils in the tectonic plain are developed from clay sediment. The role of parent materials, hydrology and vegetation are dominant. The estuarine flats have a thin layer of fluviatile sediments (less than 20 cm). The old levees and backswamps have thicker fluviatile layer (>50 cm) on the relatively concave areas, peats are formed less than 50 cm thick, however, in the closed basin are formed moderately to deep peats. The river and marine sediments consist of sand, silt and clay. Based on the Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 2003), soils in International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
142 Wahyunto et al. the study area can be distinguished into orders Entisols, Inceptisols, Histosols, and Ultisols. Entisols are unripe soils and are located on the water saturated environment, permanently. Inceptisols are formed on the drier environment. Their ground water table is more than 40 cm from the soil surface. This condition causes the repining process, oxidation and soil structure development. Histosols, on the other hand, formed from organic deposits under water saturated condition in the concave areas. In the closed basin deep peat areas (
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Proceedings International Workshop
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iii FOREWORD The active subduction
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Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
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Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
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ix sediment, soil and water salinit
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xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
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1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
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3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
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5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
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7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
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9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
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2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
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4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
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Figure 18. The decision support sys
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Figure 20. Observation perspective
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Figure 23. Five in one information
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21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
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23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
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25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
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27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
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29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
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31 Niino Y − Income generation th
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33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
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35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
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37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
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39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
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CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
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43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
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45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
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47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
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49 Slavich et al. factors observed
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51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
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53 Rachman et al. measured using th
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55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
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57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
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59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
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Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
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63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
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65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
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67 Agus F of North America, Europe
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International Workshop on Post Tsun
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IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitabi
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73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
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75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
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Nagapattinam Background Geographica
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79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
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81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
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83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
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1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
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87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
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89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
Page 104 and 105: POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
Page 106 and 107: 93 Joshi L The survey conducted in
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
Page 110 and 111: 97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
Page 112 and 113: 99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
Page 114 and 115: 101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
Page 116 and 117: 103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
Page 118 and 119: 105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
Page 120 and 121: 107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
Page 122 and 123: 109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
Page 124 and 125: 111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135: 121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137: 123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139: 125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141: 127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143: MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145: 131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147: 133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149: 135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 150 and 151: 137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 152 and 153: 139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before th
Page 156 and 157: 143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
Page 158 and 159: 145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
Page 160 and 161: 147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
Page 162 and 163: CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
Page 164 and 165: 151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
Page 166 and 167: 153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
Page 168 and 169: 155 Sammut et al. associated manage
Page 170 and 171: 157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
Page 172 and 173: 159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
Page 174 and 175: 161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
Page 176 and 177: 163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
Page 178 and 179: 165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
Page 180 and 181: REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
Page 182 and 183: 169 List of Participants Internatio
Page 184 and 185: 171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
Page 186 and 187: 173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
Page 188 and 189: 175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
Page 190 and 191: 177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
Page 192 and 193: 179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
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