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163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY FOR SOYBEAN IN TSUNAMI-AFFECTED LOWLANDS IN THE PROVINCE OF NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM Chairunas Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology NAD Abstrack Low productivity of secondary crops (soybean) following the tsunami disaster in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province was due to the combined effects of high soil salinity, low soil organic matter, poor crop nutrition, and either waterlogging due to poor drainage or moisture stress in lighter soils deficient in organic matter. In an effort to increase soybean production on tsunami-affected lowland area in NAD, BPTP conducted field trials and demonstration plots on peanut and soybean crops in Pidie, Aceh Barat, Bireuen, and Aceh Besar Districts. Field activities included Application of organic fertiliser, Rhizobium inoculant and new varieties in soybean production on rainfed lowland at Baro Village, Pidie District, 2007. Introduction of the large-seeded variety Anjasmoro increased grain yield by more than 50% compared to the current local variety Based on the results of initial field trials and demonstration plots for soybean on tsunami-affected land, it is concluded that in most cases the application of organic matter improved soil fertility, structure and moisture retention and led to increases in soybean yields. Access to new varieties also improved yields in some cases. Further analysis is needed to determine the optimum rates and combinations of organic and inorganic fertiliser for yield (ie. ‘economic yield’). The concept of Site Specific Nutrient Management as used for rice could be adapted for soybean on various soil types in Aceh province. Key words: soybean productivities, tsunami effecred soil, organic fertilizer INRODUCTION The province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) was previously one of the principal areas of production of soybean in Indonesia. The area planted to soybean in Aceh declined from 180,600 ha in 1992 to only 13,105 ha in 2006. (BPS 2007) Total production of soybean dropped significantly prior to the 2004 tsunami, primarily due to the influence of the civil conflict in Aceh. The 2004 tsunami further International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
164 Chairunas impacted on agricultural land limiting the ability of farmers to grow soybean. 2006 production was down 14% on 2004 figures. Analysis of the affected land showed organic matter to be very low (0.65%), N very low (0.05%), low potassium 90.13 cmol.kg -1 , whilst high levels of sodium were found (3.47 cmol.kg -1 ), and high salinity levels (15.5 dS.m -1 ). Local farmers have the capacity to grow good soybean crops in this region, but lack access to reliable seed, suitable varieties and inoculant. The province of Aceh has a history of planting soybean to follow lowland rice. Successful soybean rotation crops provide cash and other benefits to the subsequent rice crop, due to its contribution to the N economy of the soil. The initial soybean crops planted in tsunami-affected land in 2005 demonstrated stunted growth and low yields (< 1 ton.ha -1 ). The response to increase soybean productivity was the introduction of a package of technology consisting of improved varieties, the addition of organic matter like manure, rice ash, biophos, mikrofloria and innoculant. The combinations of soil amendments were demonstrated in Baro Village, Pidie in 2007. METHODOLOGY This trial was carried out to the paddy-field land in the Baro Village, Kembang Tanjung sub-district, Pidie District. Baro Village lies adjacent to the coast at 1-2 metres above sea level with rainfall of more than 1.300 mm per year. In this trial, 3 packages of nutrient management were tested on 5 soybean varieties, i.e.; Anjasmoro (large seeded) (V1), Burangrang (V2), Ijen (V3), Kaba (V4) and a local variety (V5). The 3 packages of nutrient management were; without animal manure + 300 kg/ha rice (glume) ash (T1), without animal manure + 300 kg/ha rice (glume) ash + 100 g Innoculant . 20 kg seed -1 (T2), 2 ton.ha -1 animal manure + 80 g Mikroflora Multiguna + 80 g BioPhos + 300 kg.ha -1 rice (glume) ash + 100 g Nodulin . 20 kg seed -1 (T3). The compost used in this experiment was produced by farmers under supervision of researchers. Plant spacing was 20 x 40 cm (current farmer practice 40 x 40cm). Each package was replicated 3 times. During the demonstration data on plant height, number of branch, number of filled pod, percentage of empty pod and pod yield were observed, as presented in Table 1. International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
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Proceedings International Workshop
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iii FOREWORD The active subduction
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Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
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Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
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ix sediment, soil and water salinit
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xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
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1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
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3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
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5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
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7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
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9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
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2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
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4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
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Figure 18. The decision support sys
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Figure 20. Observation perspective
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Figure 23. Five in one information
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21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
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23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
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25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
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27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
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29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
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31 Niino Y − Income generation th
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33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
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35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
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37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
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39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
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CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
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43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
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45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
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47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
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49 Slavich et al. factors observed
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51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
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53 Rachman et al. measured using th
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55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
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57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
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59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
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Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
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63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
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65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
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67 Agus F of North America, Europe
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International Workshop on Post Tsun
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IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitabi
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73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
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75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
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Nagapattinam Background Geographica
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79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
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81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
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83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
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1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
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87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
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89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
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POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
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93 Joshi L The survey conducted in
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CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
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97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
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99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
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101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
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103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
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105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
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107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
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109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
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111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135: 121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137: 123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139: 125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141: 127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143: MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145: 131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147: 133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149: 135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 150 and 151: 137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 152 and 153: 139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before th
Page 154 and 155: 141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major
Page 156 and 157: 143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
Page 158 and 159: 145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
Page 160 and 161: 147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
Page 162 and 163: CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
Page 164 and 165: 151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
Page 166 and 167: 153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
Page 168 and 169: 155 Sammut et al. associated manage
Page 170 and 171: 157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
Page 172 and 173: 159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
Page 174 and 175: 161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
Page 178 and 179: 165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
Page 180 and 181: REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
Page 182 and 183: 169 List of Participants Internatio
Page 184 and 185: 171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
Page 186 and 187: 173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
Page 188 and 189: 175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
Page 190 and 191: 177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
Page 192 and 193: 179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
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