gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Figure 42: What sort of overall impact do you believe the casino or casinos in local region have had for your community? ESTABLISHED CASINO REGIONS Fort McMurray Region Lethbridge Region Red Deer Region Grande Prairie Region Medicine Hat Region 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% NEW CASINO REGIONS Cold Lake Region Whitecourt Region Camrose Region Morley Region 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% = 2008 = 2009 162
Prevalence Problem Gambling and Related Indices The impact of legalized gambling problem gambling is a particularly important question. The first thing to recognize is that significant rates of problem gambling were shown to exist in the United States in the 1970s even before the widespread introduction of legal gambling (Kallick et al., 1979). The same is almost certainly true of Alberta, although there are no prevalence studies prior to 1993 to document how significant a problem it was. What is available are 12 population prevalence surveys of gambling and problem gambling conducted between 1993 and 2009. The details of these studies are contained in Appendix B. Methodological differences make comparisons between surveys difficult. This issue was briefly mentioned earlier in this report with respect to comparing participation rates for each form of gambling from one year to the next. However, these considerations are much more impactful for problem gambling prevalence compared to gambling prevalence, as there is very little variation (or debate) about how to ask about past year participation in gambling activities, participation questions are much less ‘sensitive’ than questions about problem gambling, and the higher prevalence rates of gambling participation mean that methodological noise has a proportionally smaller impact. Indeed, Williams & Volberg (2009, 2010) have documented that problem gambling prevalence rates can vary by a magnitude of 5 depending on which assessment instrument is used, how the survey is described to potential participants (i.e., ‘gambling survey’ versus a description that does not clearly indicate it is a gambling survey), how it is administered (face-to-face versus telephone), and the threshold used to ask questions about problem gambling (i.e., any past year gambling versus gambling at least once a month). Further illustration of the importance of methodology is the difference in problem gambling prevalence rates obtained in traditional telephone surveys versus online panel surveys. Alberta online panel surveys have been conducted in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 (with the present study conducting them in 2008 and 2009). In all cases, the prevalence of problem gambling was approximately twice as high as the rates obtained via telephone surveys (it is beyond the scope of the present paper to discuss this in detail, but the evidence compiled by Dr. Robert Williams indicates that the telephone surveys produce the more accurate rates) (Williams & Volberg, 2010). Thus, while it is potentially problematic to make comparisons between surveys, there are some things that make this less difficult in the present situation. The fact that the methodological procedures were very similar in many of these studies 71 (i.e., telephone administration, survey being described as a ‘gambling survey’, use of any past year gambling being only criterion for being asked problem gambling questions). The exceptions were a) the 2002 Statistics Canada survey that was administered face-to-face and was described as a survey assessing ‘well-being 71 This is also related to the fact that Dr. Harold Wynne conducted the 1993, 1998, and 2001 studies and Dr. Robert Williams conducted the 2007, 2008, and 2009 studies. 163
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
Page 111 and 112: Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
Page 113 and 114: patronage and revenue. Attendance f
Page 115 and 116: However, less important than the ac
Page 117 and 118: Because of the paramount importance
Page 119 and 120: Actual Revenue Another source of da
Page 121 and 122: Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
Page 123 and 124: WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
Page 125 and 126: industry. The proportion of gamblin
Page 127 and 128: Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
Page 129 and 130: since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
Page 131 and 132: IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
Page 133 and 134: ‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
Page 135 and 136: Several factors influence the perce
Page 137 and 138: There are also some important lesso
Page 139 and 140: Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
Page 141 and 142: Figure 31: Number of Charities per
Page 143 and 144: IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
Page 145 and 146: Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
Page 147 and 148: Table 34: North American Industry C
Page 149 and 150: Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
Page 151 and 152: percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167 and 168: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 169 and 170: significant change in reported casi
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182: Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184: Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186: that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188: Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189 and 190: gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192: It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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