gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Business Counts Data from the Statistics Canada Canadian Business Patterns was used to examine changes in overall number of business in Alberta census divisions (Appendix D) as a function of casino introduction to that census division. A limiting factor in this analysis is that data from the Canadian Business Patterns only goes back to 1998 for census level data (city-level data is not available). Nonetheless, there were 8 casinos that were introduced to these census divisions during this time period. The data is presented in Table 57, with shaded cells representing casino introduction. The same methodological approach used to evaluate whether there were any changes in employment levels was used to establish whether there were significant increases in business counts subsequent to casino introduction compared to control periods. Here again, there was a slight, but nonsignificant tendency for business counts to be higher subsequent to casino introduction compared to control periods. In Census Division 19 (Grande Prairie) there was an 18.2% increase in business counts subsequent to casino introduction compared to 11.8% in the control period. In Census Division 11 (Edmonton) there was a 9.7% increase in business counts compared to a 0% increase in the control period. In Census Division 15 (Banff) there was a 9.1% increase compared to a 3% decrease in the control period. In Census Division 13 (Athabasca) there was a 3.6% increase compared to a 4.5% decrease in the control period. In Census Division 12 there was a 2.8% increase compared to 0.4% increase in the control period. In Census Division 10 (Camrose) there was a 3.7% decrease in business counts subsequent to casino introduction compared to a 0.2% increase in the control period. In Census Division 6 (Calgary) there was a 3.0% increase in business counts subsequent to casino introduction compared to 11.2% increase in the control period. The average percentage increase in business counts subsequent to casino introduction was 5.7% compared to 2.2% in the control periods. Nonetheless, these differences were not statistically different: t (12) = .55, p = .59. 204
Census Division Table 57: Business Counts as a Function of Census Division and Year in Relation to Casino Opening (shaded cells) 205 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 4769 5869 5938 6463 6531 6861 7080 7056 7142 7077 7156 6992 2 9572 11822 11826 12760 12831 13232 13528 13336 13560 13887 14056 14562 3 2707 3452 3498 3758 3743 3896 3893 3871 3901 3784 3778 3886 4 1616 1918 1903 2010 1991 2009 2030 1992 1972 2393 2388 1972 5 4365 5430 5398 5745 5808 6074 6162 6110 6135 6418 6487 6966 6 64578 89877 91117 102039 104845 112709 116569 113271 116337 122941 123421 126574 7 5122 6128 6040 6393 6403 6510 6502 6410 6442 6245 6306 6060 8 10946 13970 14110 15668 15978 16858 17352 17318 17878 18897 18430 18933 9 1659 2166 2172 2358 2384 2491 2521 2520 2550 3063 3168 3207 10 7148 8905 8938 9861 10012 10351 10481 10313 10507 10006 10115 10797 11 53302 70742 71383 78696 80313 84481 86805 83989 86767 92148 92684 96522 12 3487 5076 5097 5500 5575 5715 5768 5763 5791 5816 5954 6365 13 5558 6899 7022 7575 7686 7870 7869 8310 7936 7940 8106 8227 14 2170 2731 2705 3017 3044 3144 3194 3162 3277 3154 3103 3163 15 2348 2937 2980 3266 3320 3506 3556 3465 3437 3361 3579 3668 16 2206 1787 1835 2055 2151 2322 2392 2381 2450 2738 2752 2991 17 4011 5366 5372 5865 5893 5610 5642 5484 5521 5375 5344 5558 18 1063 1471 1485 1590 1667 1715 1756 1501 1501 1579 1569 1573 19 7674 9028 9072 10013 10266 11197 11542 11849 12244 12701 12667 13033 Source: Statistics Canada Canadian Business Patterns, Statistical and Geographical Data. Commercial Insolvency The final targeted analysis involved looking at data from the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy concerning changes in the rate of commercial insolvencies in the different Alberta economic regions (Appendix F) as a function of casino introduction to that Alberta economic region. A limiting factor in this analysis is that data from the Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy only goes back to 1998 for economic region data (city-level and census-level data is not available). There were 7 casinos that were introduced to these economic regions during this time period. The data is presented in Table 58, with shaded cells representing casino introduction. The same analysis that was used for employment levels and business counts was used to establish whether there were significant increases in commercial insolvency rates subsequent to casino introduction compared to control periods. However, because insolvency rates are already standardized (i.e., per 1000 businesses), the raw change in rates, as opposed to the percentage change, will be reported.
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
Page 153 and 154: Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
Page 155 and 156: 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
Page 157 and 158: Although Albertans are satisfied wi
Page 159 and 160: A final attitude question asked in
Page 161 and 162: Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
Page 163 and 164: Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
Page 165 and 166: Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
Page 167 and 168: Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
Page 169 and 170: significant change in reported casi
Page 171 and 172: Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
Page 173 and 174: their shared variance is taken into
Page 175 and 176: Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
Page 177 and 178: The only readily available figures
Page 179 and 180: OSB reports there were a total of 7
Page 181 and 182: Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
Page 183 and 184: Another approach is to establish th
Page 185 and 186: that gambling had resulted in separ
Page 187 and 188: Applying these prevalence rates to
Page 189 and 190: gambling-related illegal acts and 8
Page 191 and 192: It is important to remember that th
Page 193 and 194: Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
Page 195 and 196: early 1990s, that was followed by a
Page 197 and 198: Table 54: Correlation between Crime
Page 199 and 200: Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220: IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222: Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223 and 224: Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 225 and 226: Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228: McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230: Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232: Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234: Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236: etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238: Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240: Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
Page 241 and 242: $500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243 and 244: Both the increased affluence and th
Page 245 and 246: The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
Page 247 and 248: The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250: chances. One official stated that t
Page 251 and 252: With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 253 and 254: Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
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Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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