gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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een added to the local economy that has in the process become both a local tourist attraction and a source of local accomplishment and pride. The goal is to improve the CLFN economy so that there are more opportunities for members to be active in the local economy. With more money available for housing, band members are moving back to the CLFN from the City of Cold Lake. This has technically freed up housing for other First Nations individuals choosing to remain in the city. Three years ago, however, the City of Cold Lake was in the midst of an affordable housing crisis. The CLFN partnered with the Samson Cree Nation, establishing a joint venture that looked to bring benefits to both First Nations through a proposed initiative of 50 lots for sale to the open market. Additional benefits realized include the current paving of Mission Road, reducing dust and improving the road surface for pedestrians and bicyclists. A regular meeting of all CLFN business entities and private entrepreneurs occurs to discuss and plan future community developments and to evaluate investment opportunities. A review of the FNDF for the past four years indicates several economic development projects initiated by the Cold Lake First Nations. The FNDF provided $200,000 for the Primco Dene Project, which supplies catering and emergency services for remote work camps; a lumber company purchased prior to casino operations is being used to produce lumber needed for home construction aided by casino dollars. In anticipation of casino-related local economic development, the band also purchased 960 acres of freehold land around Cold Lake for commercial and economic development (Ohler, 2007). Kinuso Communications was established to develop community based wireless Internet communications followed by an upgrade of local wireless and Internet access. The band council established a log home manufacturing operation and training program to develop local capacity needed to improve reserve housing. A number of new housing developments and home renovations occurred. The FNDF has provided more than $2.5 million to aid these efforts. A day care was built, a gift and souvenir shop constructed, and more than $250,000 was directed to improving community infrastructure. In total, $480,000 was provided to develop a 12-lot residential housing subdivision in the Town of Cold Lake, portable camp housing for emergency housing was also purchased, and money was directed to assist the Cold Lake Oil and Gas Company with project funding. Finally, CLFN purchased three new water trucks. New housing initiatives are helping the community meet its housing needs. The English Bay Community Centre opened in 2008 and serves as a community meeting site and for holding conferences, forums, and meetings. The FNDF revenues are being utilized to drive a five-year master plan leading to opportunities enabling members to lead more active and healthier lifestyles. So are charitable revenues, which have been used to purchase six canoes for the program. Also, a Dene language coordinator was recently hired, as was an Education Director to oversee local education development in response to the chief and council’s prioritization on experimental learning (Cold Lake Sun, 2008). 252
Post-Script: Barriers to Participation The present research project was provincially mandated, and the Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission instructed all casino operators, by a letter, to participate with researchers to assist in determining the cost/benefit of gambling in Alberta. Several barriers to successful First Nations participation in the project obstructed researcher’s data collection abilities. Reasons for not participating range from fears that the project, once completed, could lead to casino closures; and that First Nations’ possess a self-governing right to keep researchers from entering their communities. The following three categories were thematically derived after reviewing the collected data compiled from personal researcher experiences, focus groups, informal interviews, and newspaper contents analysis. Navigating First Nations Government Bureaucracy The data collection process was significantly hampered by an inability to gain band council approval to contact community members as study participants. The purpose of approaching the band councils was to show proper respect for their governing authority. We spent significant time navigating the various band council bureaucracies in search of the individual who could grant researchers community access; or who was assigned the task of bringing our concerns before the chief and council. While difficulties were experienced generally, our experience with the Stoney Nakoda First Nation is instructive. Starting in May 2008, a project researcher contacted the band council secretary and asked to be put through the appropriate individual to review our requests. Over a period of several months, dozens of telephone messages were left with various council members. None were returned. When we finally secured a contact that individual quit within weeks, and the new contact showed little interest in the project. To those who raised concerns that participatory action research or similar methodologies were not being utilized, we informed them that we had made allowance for hiring community individuals to facilitate data collection. All of this produced limited returns. We expanded our limited contact list, and thus began to make progress with hopes of producing a face-to-face meeting. However, a band council election was called resulting in a number of our contacts being voted out of office. The new chief and council did not want to hear from us immediately, and despite promises to eventually do so our requests to present to band council were all denied. When an invitation was extended to appear before chief and council, it was often delivered with little more than an hour’s notice. Finally, several untimely deaths and serious accidents occurred within the community resulting in postponed or cancelled meetings. One year into the project no progress had occurred at Stoney. It was the last First Nations casino to open, meaning that there was little to no data to draw from to determine the casino’s socio-economic impacts to the First Nation itself or nearby communities such as Canmore and Banff. 253
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
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Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
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Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
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than empirical in nature. Thus, the
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While the above described approach
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census. A supplemental Online Gener
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THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
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Aside from these practical issues,
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SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
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Again, other ways of organizing and
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4. The transfer of wealth and chang
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Compare Changes to those Observed i
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to document prior gambling opportun
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Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
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Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
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1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
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1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
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1980s There is a major expansion of
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1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
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1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
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2003 Federal agriculture minister m
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HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
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Number of Live Race Days per Year I
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Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
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Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
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Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Y
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Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
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Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
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Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
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Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
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1996 Slot machines and electronic h
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The main indices that speak to chan
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Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
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REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
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HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
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CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
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aggregate value of all tickets sold
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ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
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CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
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percentage of table game revenue re
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Figure 15. Location of Current and
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HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
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Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
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AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
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Another way of looking at the overa
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increase has occurred since the ear
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WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
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Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
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Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
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Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
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EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
Page 201 and 202: With respect to this first possibil
Page 203 and 204: increase in the comparison periods;
Page 205 and 206: Census Division Table 57: Business
Page 207 and 208: versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
Page 209 and 210: thinking in an interpretative act;
Page 211 and 212: The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
Page 213 and 214: Several community representatives a
Page 215 and 216: daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
Page 217 and 218: Increased crime was a related issue
Page 219 and 220: IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
Page 221 and 222: Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
Page 223 and 224: Table 60: Distributions to Differen
Page 225 and 226: Table 60 illustrates that the large
Page 227 and 228: McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
Page 229 and 230: Geographical Distribution As seen i
Page 231 and 232: Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
Page 233 and 234: Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
Page 235 and 236: etter skilled individuals in the co
Page 237 and 238: Problem Gambling A recent review of
Page 239 and 240: Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
Page 241 and 242: $500 chip. One municipal official c
Page 243 and 244: Both the increased affluence and th
Page 245 and 246: The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
Page 247 and 248: The fire department also represents
Page 249 and 250: chances. One official stated that t
Page 251: With the exception of 2006-2007, th
Page 255 and 256: (Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
Page 257 and 258: SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
Page 259 and 260: 1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
Page 261 and 262: can be said of charitable gambling
Page 263 and 264: Because revenue from charity casino
Page 265 and 266: Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
Page 267 and 268: Despite the relatively low rates of
Page 269 and 270: supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
Page 271 and 272: Some of these sentiments tend to su
Page 273 and 274: communities highlight the casinos a
Page 275 and 276: ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
Page 277 and 278: 2. The economic activity increases
Page 279 and 280: OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
Page 281 and 282: OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
Page 283 and 284: however, that the potential for bri
Page 285 and 286: REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288: Centre for Social and Health Outcom
Page 289 and 290: Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
Page 291 and 292: Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
Page 293 and 294: Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
Page 295 and 296: 2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
Page 297 and 298: General Population Targeted INELIGI
Page 299 and 300: are interested in the opinions of b
Page 301 and 302: PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
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Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
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7. A thorough due diligence investi
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