gambling in alberta - Research Services - University of Lethbridge

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Bingo Charitable and religious groups have provided bingo in Alberta since the 1920s, using their exemption under the Criminal Code to conduct small raffles. The main changes concerning bingo in terms of legal regulation and provision have been as follows: 1920s Courts rule that bingo constitutes a violation of the prohibition against ‘common gaming houses’, as the operator receives a financial gain from its provision. 1938 Criminal Code amended to clarify that a place is not a ‘common gaming house’ if it is ‘occasionally’ used by charitable or religious groups and the proceeds from the games go to charitable or religious causes. 1969 Criminal Code amendment to permit the operation of lottery schemes by the federal government or provincial governments either alone or in combination with other provincial governments. Provincial governments, in turn, could issue a gaming licence to charitable or religious organizations, agricultural fairs or exhibitions, or any individual. However charitable/religious organizations are permitted to operate lottery schemes only if proceeds used for charitable or religious purposes, tickets cost no more than 50 cents, and the prize does not exceed $100. 1979 Dedicated bingo halls begin operation (3 in Edmonton). 1982 With the creation of dedicated bingo halls it becomes a requirement that groups of charities have to form ‘bingo associations’ so as to coordinate bingo events in these venues. In subsequent years the large majority of bingo revenue derives from ‘Association’ bingo. 1985 Criminal Code amendment eliminates the monetary limits on raffle prizes and tickets operated by authorized charitable or religious organizations. 1993 Alberta government grants permission to the Tsuu T’ina First Nation and the Enoch Cree First Nation to hold super-bingos with jackpots exceeding $10,000. 1996 Linked Satellite Bingo is introduced into some bingo halls by a private provider. 2000 AGLC implements the majority of recommendations from the Bingo Review Committee: creation of a provincial bingo manager, explicit criteria for granting bingo licences, clearer definition of ‘charitable organization’ and ‘charitable purpose’, 16 and 17 year olds able to participate in nonassociation bingo events. 2003 Digital (DIGI) Bingo (hand-held electronic device that replaces paper cards) and electronic Keno are introduced into bingo halls. The main indices that speak to changes concerning the actual availability of bingo are the: a) total number of bingo licences issued each year, as reported in Table 3, with these same figures adjusted for population increases seen in Figure 3; b) total number of licensed bingo halls each year as reported in Table 4, with these same figures adjusted for population increases in Figure 4; c) total number of bingo events each year as reported in Table 5, with these same figures adjusted for population increases in Figure 5. As can been seen, per adult bingo availability steadily increased until the mid 1990s but has declined since that time to levels not seen since the 1970s. 54
Table 3: Total Bingo Licences per Year. 1970 NA 1980 1,334 1990 2,646 2000 3,351 1971 NA 1981 1,299 1991 2,709 2001 2,428 1972 NA 1982 1,391 1992 2,953 2002 2,526 1973 NA 1983 1,536 1993 2,923 2003 2,456 1974 NA 1984 1,858 1994 2,867 2004 2,301 1975 NA 1985 2,001 1995 2,789 2005 2,201 1976 NA 1986 2,160 1996 2,632 2006 2,329 1977 NA 1987 2,396 1997 3,469 2007 2,189 1978 NA 1988 2,452 1998 3,534 2008 2,019 1979 1,341 1989 2,578 1999 3,521 2009 1,774 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1970 1972 1974 1976 Figure 3: Total Bingo Licences per 1000 Adults. 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 55
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Plant fertilizer 2011 GAMBLING IN A
Page 3 and 4: Citation Williams, R.J., Belanger,
Page 5 and 6: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT At a provincial level, the
Page 9 and 10: Alberta is estimated to have 3,755,
Page 11 and 12: than empirical in nature. Thus, the
Page 13 and 14: While the above described approach
Page 15 and 16: census. A supplemental Online Gener
Page 17 and 18: THEORETICAL APPROACH PROBLEMS WITH
Page 19 and 20: Aside from these practical issues,
Page 21 and 22: SOUND PRINCIPLES FOR CONDUCTING SOC
Page 23 and 24: Again, other ways of organizing and
Page 25 and 26: 4. The transfer of wealth and chang
Page 27 and 28: Compare Changes to those Observed i
Page 29 and 30: to document prior gambling opportun
Page 31 and 32: Mid 1700s to late 1800s 1869 - 1892
Page 33 and 34: Cheating at gambling (Part XXVIII F
Page 35 and 36: 1924 Criminal Code amendment to s.9
Page 37 and 38: 1957 Western Canadian Racing Associ
Page 39 and 40: 1980s There is a major expansion of
Page 41 and 42: 1989 In June the Criminal Code of C
Page 43 and 44: 1997 AGLC allows the number of slot
Page 45 and 46: 2003 Federal agriculture minister m
Page 47 and 48: HISTORY OF EACH TYPE OF GAMBLING Th
Page 49 and 50: Number of Live Race Days per Year I
Page 51 and 52: Table 1: Total Raffle Licences per
Page 53: Table 2: Total Pull-Ticket Licences
Page 57 and 58: Table 5: Total Bingo Events per Yea
Page 59 and 60: Table 6: Total Lottery Ticket Retai
Page 61 and 62: Video Lottery Terminals (VLTs) In A
Page 63 and 64: Table 8: Total Video Lottery Locati
Page 65 and 66: 1996 Slot machines and electronic h
Page 67 and 68: The main indices that speak to chan
Page 69 and 70: Table 12: Total Charitable Casino L
Page 71 and 72: REGULATORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL HISTO
Page 73 and 74: HISTORY OF FIRST NATIONS COMMERCIAL
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT REGULATION, AVAILABILITY, A
Page 77 and 78: aggregate value of all tickets sold
Page 79 and 80: ALBERTA GOVERNMENT GAMBLING The Cri
Page 81 and 82: CASINOS Traditional Casinos Casinos
Page 83 and 84: percentage of table game revenue re
Page 85 and 86: Figure 15. Location of Current and
Page 87 and 88: HORSE RACING Horse racing is the on
Page 89 and 90: Bingo Lotteries and Instant Win (Sc
Page 91 and 92: AMOUNTS, ORIGINS, AND RECIPIENTS OF
Page 93 and 94: Another way of looking at the overa
Page 95 and 96: increase has occurred since the ear
Page 97 and 98: WHERE IS THE MONEY COMING FROM? As
Page 99 and 100: Figure 20: Proportion of Alberta Ne
Page 101 and 102: Origin of Net Gambling Revenue by D
Page 103 and 104: Table 18: Past Year Gambling Partic
Page 105 and 106:
EGM Players Table 20 shows reasonab
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Table 21: Percentage of Each Type o
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winsorized then 75% of reported exp
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Table 22a: Demographic Profile of t
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patronage and revenue. Attendance f
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However, less important than the ac
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Because of the paramount importance
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Actual Revenue Another source of da
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Figure 25: Average Ticket Lottery R
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WHERE IS THE MONEY GOING? The final
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industry. The proportion of gamblin
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Table 27: Grants Awarded by Alberta
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since 1999; 47% of all revenue in 2
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IMPACTS OF LEGAL GAMBLING IMPACTS O
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‘addicted to gambling revenue’.
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Several factors influence the perce
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There are also some important lesso
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Figure 30: Proportion of Total Net
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Figure 31: Number of Charities per
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IMPACTS ON SOCIETY The citizens of
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Number of Alberta Gambling Employee
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Table 34: North American Industry C
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Table 35: Importance of Gambling as
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percentage of the population (i.e.,
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Table 37: Household Past Year Repor
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40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% F
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Although Albertans are satisfied wi
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A final attitude question asked in
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Figure 41: What sort of overall imp
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Prevalence Problem Gambling and Rel
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Williams & Volberg (2010) also calc
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Features of Problem Gamblers The ty
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significant change in reported casi
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Table 43: Gambling and Problem Gamb
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their shared variance is taken into
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Treatment Numbers and Costs Treatme
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The only readily available figures
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OSB reports there were a total of 7
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Table 49: Consumer Insolvency Rates
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Another approach is to establish th
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that gambling had resulted in separ
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Applying these prevalence rates to
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gambling-related illegal acts and 8
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It is important to remember that th
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Table 52: Criminal Charges Laid by
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early 1990s, that was followed by a
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Table 54: Correlation between Crime
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Infrastructure Value The private se
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With respect to this first possibil
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increase in the comparison periods;
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Census Division Table 57: Business
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versus 2.2%). Commercial insolvency
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thinking in an interpretative act;
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The Edmonton mayor indicated he bel
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Several community representatives a
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daytime usage ... if it’s shoppin
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Increased crime was a related issue
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IMPACT ON FIRST NATIONS The impact
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Table 59: Use of First Nations Char
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Table 60: Distributions to Differen
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Table 60 illustrates that the large
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McKay, Heart Lake and the Athabasca
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Geographical Distribution As seen i
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Figure 51: Average Per Community FN
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Employment and Income Impacts of Fi
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etter skilled individuals in the co
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Problem Gambling A recent review of
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Table 65: Prevalence of Problem Gam
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$500 chip. One municipal official c
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Both the increased affluence and th
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The Enoch Cree Nation has to pay ba
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The fire department also represents
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chances. One official stated that t
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With the exception of 2006-2007, th
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Post-Script: Barriers to Participat
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(Indian Act, 1985). The latter coul
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SUMMARY Research Approach The prese
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1% (or less) of Alberta GDP since t
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can be said of charitable gambling
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Because revenue from charity casino
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Socioeconomic Inequality Alberta ga
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Despite the relatively low rates of
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supplies/equipment or to reinvest i
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Some of these sentiments tend to su
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communities highlight the casinos a
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ASSESSMENT OF THE OVERALL IMPACTS O
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2. The economic activity increases
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OVERALL SOCIAL IMPACTS Legalized ga
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OVERALL IMPACTS At a provincial lev
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however, that the potential for bri
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REFERENCES Abbott, M.W., Williams,
Page 287 and 288:
Centre for Social and Health Outcom
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Jackson, D. (2010). VLT critic call
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Purdy, C. (2004). Band stakes its f
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Walker, D.M. (2008a). Challenges th
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2008 Survey APPENDICES Appendix A:
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General Population Targeted INELIGI
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are interested in the opinions of b
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PAST YEAR GAMBLING BEHAVIOUR GY1a.
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GY6a. In the past 12 months, how of
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Cash Casino - Red Deer (15) Jackpot
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GY10a. In the past 12 months, how o
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GY14a. In the past 12 months, what
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GP4. CPGI4/PPGM8b. In the past 12 m
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GP11b. In the past 12 months has ga
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GP16a. PPGM8c. In the past 12 month
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The following question only asked o
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TRIANGULATION (ONLINE PANEL ONLY) T
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Exact amount________________ (17) U
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2009 Survey The 2009 survey was als
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C11. Do you have pleasant memories
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SURVEY YEAR 1992 1993 1995 1996 199
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2008 2008 2009 2009 Williams, Belan
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1 Medicine Hat 2 Lethbridge 3 Fort
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8. In the past 12 months, have you
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix F: Alberta’s Economic Re
Page 337:
7. A thorough due diligence investi
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